evaluation/tests.jsonl

{"question":"Which gene is overexpressed in glioma stem cells and contributes to glioma maintenance?","keywords":["A20","TNFAIP3","glioma stem cells","glioma maintenance"],"reference_answer":"A20 (TNFAIP3) is overexpressed in glioma stem cells and contributes to glioma maintenance.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["33370"]}
{"question":"What was the mean apparent diffusion coefficient in the central white matter of preterm infants at 28 weeks gestation?","keywords":["apparent diffusion coefficient","central white matter","28 weeks gestation"],"reference_answer":"The mean apparent diffusion coefficient in the central white matter at 28 weeks gestation was 1.8 microm2/ms.","category":"temporal","source_doc_ids":["4983"]}
{"question":"What effect do neutrophils have on NK cell-mediated tumor clearance and how does this affect metastasis in the premetastatic lung?","keywords":["neutrophils","NK cells","metastasis","premetastatic lung","IL1β","MMPs"],"reference_answer":"Neutrophils suppress NK cell activity, which increases intraluminal survival of tumor cells and promotes metastasis in the premetastatic lung through IL-1β and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).","category":"relationship","source_doc_ids":["881332"]}
{"question":"According to ALT telomere biology, what are APBs, which components nucleate them, and what telomere maintenance effect do they promote?","keywords":["APBs","ALT","PML bodies","TRF1","TRF2","NBS1","MMS21","telomere maintenance"],"reference_answer":"APBs are ALT-associated PML bodies formed by components including PML, Sp100, TRF1, TRF2, NBS1, MMS21, which promote telomere maintenance via DNA repair–related telomere elongation.","category":"spanning","source_doc_ids":["143251","213017"]}
{"question":"Which surrogate marker correlates with global atheroma burden, CIMT or ABPI?","keywords":["CIMT","ABPI","global atheroma burden","WB-MRA"],"reference_answer":"ABPI correlates with the whole-body atheroma burden as measured by WB-MRA, while CIMT shows no correlation with the global burden.","category":"comparison","source_doc_ids":["87758"]}
{"question":"Which two proteins coordinate ER-endosome contacts to regulate PI4P and affect retromer-/WASH-dependent budding?","keywords":["VAP","OSBP","PI4P","retromer","WASH","endosome budding"],"reference_answer":"VAP (VAPA/VAPB) coordinates endosome contacts with OSBP to regulate PI4P, which controls retromer-/WASH-dependent budding from endosomes.","category":"spanning","source_doc_ids":["600437","600808"]}
{"question":"What role does clathrin play in mitosis according to the study, and what happens when it is depleted?","keywords":["clathrin","mitosis","spindle","kinetochore fibers","congression"],"reference_answer":"Clathrin stabilizes kinetochore fibers and is required for proper chromosome congression during mitosis; depletion delays mitosis and destabilizes kinetochore fibers.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2033917"]}
{"question":"In the kainate rat model of epilepsy, when does the second phase of mTOR activation start in the hippocampus and how long does it persist?","keywords":["mTOR","phosphorylated S6","kainate","seizure","hippocampus","phase two"],"reference_answer":"The second phase of mTOR activation in the hippocampus starts about 3 days after seizure onset, peaks around 5–10 days, and persists for several weeks.","category":"temporal","source_doc_ids":["116792"]}
{"question":"What is the relationship between macrophage expression of apoE and foam cell formation in early atherogenesis?","keywords":["apoE","macrophages","foam cells","atherogenesis","macrophage apoE expression"],"reference_answer":"Lack of apoE expression by macrophages promotes foam cell formation, indicating macrophage apoE expression is protective in early atherogenesis.","category":"relationship","source_doc_ids":["1122198"]}
{"question":"Which complex does E2F recruit to chromatin to drive S-phase entry, and what are its subunits?","keywords":["E2F","histone acetylation","Tip60","Tip60 complex","TRRAP","p400","Tip48","Tip49","late G1"],"reference_answer":"Activating E2F species recruit the Tip60 histone acetyltransferase complex (Tip60, TRRAP, p400, Tip48, Tip49) to target promoters in late G1 to drive S-phase entry.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["502591"]}
{"question":"What were the mean apparent diffusion coefficients in central white matter at 28 weeks and at term gestation in preterm infants, as measured by diffusion tensor MRI?","keywords":["apparent diffusion coefficient","central white matter","28 weeks","term gestation","diffusion tensor MRI"],"reference_answer":"28 weeks: 1.8 μm^2/ms; term: 1.2 μm^2/ms.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4983"]}
{"question":"What were the mean apparent diffusion coefficients in the posterior limb of the internal capsule at 28 weeks and at term?","keywords":["posterior limb of internal capsule","apparent diffusion coefficient","28 weeks","term","diffusion MRI"],"reference_answer":"28 weeks: 1.2 μm^2/ms; term: 1.1 μm^2/ms.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4983"]}
{"question":"In myelodysplastic syndromes, which interaction drives the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in the bone marrow?","keywords":["MDSC","S100A9","CD33","ITIM"],"reference_answer":"The S100A9 interaction with CD33 (S100A9/CD33) drives MDSC expansion.","category":"relationship","source_doc_ids":["5836"]}
{"question":"BC1 RNA transcripts can prime their own reverse transcription due to what structural feature?","keywords":["BC1 RNA","self-priming","reverse transcription","3'-unique region"],"reference_answer":"The secondary structure of the 3'-unique region enables self-priming for reverse transcription.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["7912"]}
{"question":"What percentage of CpG sites were methylated in the PBMC methylome analyzed by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing?","keywords":["PBMC","methylome","CpG","methylation"],"reference_answer":"68.4% of CpG sites were methylated.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["18670"]}
{"question":"What effect did knockdown of A20 have on glioma stem cells in xenograft experiments?","keywords":["A20","glioma stem cells","knockdown","survival"],"reference_answer":"A20 knockdown decreased glioma stem cell growth and survival.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["33370"]}
{"question":"What is the main purpose of the article 'Simplifying likelihood ratios'?","keywords":["likelihood ratios","nomograms","odds","diagnostic accuracy"],"reference_answer":"To describe a simpler method of interpreting likelihood ratios that avoids calculators, nomograms, and conversions to odds of disease.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["70490"]}
{"question":"After TLR7 triggering, which signaling pathway is required for rapid expression of IFN-inducible genes, independent of type I IFN?","keywords":["TLR7","IRF7","IFN-inducible genes","PI3K","p38MAPK"],"reference_answer":"The PI3K–p38MAPK pathway is required for rapid expression of IFN-inducible genes independent of type I IFN.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["72159"]}
{"question":"Which depot showed severely blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilation in the obesity study?","keywords":["visceral adipose tissue","arterioles","endothelium-dependent vasodilation"],"reference_answer":"Visceral adipose tissue arterioles showed severely blunted endothelium-dependent vasodilation.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["79447"]}
{"question":"Which measure correlated with global atheroma burden as measured by whole-body contrast-enhanced MRA: CIMT or ABPI, and did CIMT correlate with global burden?","keywords":["CIMT","ABPI","global atheroma burden","WB-MRA"],"reference_answer":"ABPI correlated with global atheroma burden; CIMT showed no correlation with global burden in multiple regression.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["87758"]}
{"question":"During pregnancy, what happens to some HCV escape mutations in HLA class I epitopes, and what is the consequence for viral fitness?","keywords":["HCV","escape mutations","pregnancy","HLA class I","fitness"],"reference_answer":"Some escape mutations revert during pregnancy, leading to the emergence of more fit viruses.","category":"temporal","source_doc_ids":["92308"]}
{"question":"During embryogenesis, through what does hematopoietic stem cell development occur, enabling establishment of self-renewing HSCs?","keywords":["HSC","embryogenesis","niches","self-renewal"],"reference_answer":"HSCs migrate through various embryonic niches to establish their self-renewal capacity.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["92499"]}
{"question":"Which joint is central and pathognomonic in ankylosing spondylitis within the spondyloarthropathies?","keywords":["sacroiliac joints","spondyloarthropathies"],"reference_answer":"The sacroiliac joints are central to sacroiliitis in spondyloarthropathies, especially ankylosing spondylitis.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["97884"]}
{"question":"What plant genus was used to extract genomic DNA suitable for RFLP or PCR analysis in the cotton DNA method?","keywords":["cotton","Gossypium","RFLP","PCR"],"reference_answer":"DNA was extracted from cotton (Gossypium spp.).","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["102662"]}
{"question":"What method did the UK paper propose to estimate stature and weight reference curves in 1990?","keywords":["UK","stature","weight","LMS method"],"reference_answer":"Cole's LMS method was used to estimate the new UK reference curves.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["103007"]}
{"question":"Which cells within the craniofacial sutures were identified as the main mesenchymal stem cell population?","keywords":["Gli1+ cells","craniofacial sutures","mesenchymal stem cells"],"reference_answer":"Gli1+ cells within the suture mesenchyme are the main craniofacial bone MSC population.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["104130"]}
{"question":"What are the dormant multipotent heart cells derived from cardiac neural crest able to differentiate into?","keywords":["cardiac neural crest","dormant multipotent","cardiomyocytes","neural crest derivatives"],"reference_answer":"They can differentiate into cardiomyocytes and typical neural crest–derived cells such as neurons, glia, and smooth muscle.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["106301"]}
{"question":"What effect did rapamycin treatment before kainate have on seizure-induced mTOR activation and associated pathology in rats?","keywords":["rapamycin","kainate","epileptogenesis","mTOR"],"reference_answer":"Rapamycin blocked both the acute and chronic phases of seizure-induced mTOR activation and reduced neuronal cell death, neurogenesis, mossy fiber sprouting, and epilepsy.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["116792"]}
{"question":"Which molecule administration ameliorated multiple-organ dysfunction syndrome and improved survival in murine sepsis?","keywords":["angiopoietin-1","MODS","sepsis","rhAng-1"],"reference_answer":"Intravenous recombinant human angiopoietin-1 (rhAng-1) improved MODS and survival.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["118568"]}
{"question":"Which factor is most closely associated with the risk of developing type 2 diabetes according to Obesity and Diabetes review?","keywords":["β-cell dysfunction","insulin resistance","type 2 diabetes"],"reference_answer":"β-cell dysfunction is critical in defining risk and development of type 2 diabetes.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["120626"]}
{"question":"What imaging technique was used to visualize podocytes and parietal epithelial cells in vivo in novel mouse models?","keywords":["podocytes","parietal epithelial cells","multiphoton imaging","in vivo"],"reference_answer":"Serial multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was used to track podocytes and PECs in vivo.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["123859"]}
{"question":"Which protein binds at the maternal H19 imprinting control region to regulate higher-order chromatin structure and Igf2 silencing?","keywords":["CTCF","H19 imprinting control region","Igf2"],"reference_answer":"CTCF binding at the maternal H19 ICR coordinates looping with Igf2 regulatory elements to silence Igf2.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["140874"]}
{"question":"Which two papers discuss ALT-associated PML bodies (APBs) and their role in telomere maintenance in cancer?","keywords":["APB","ALT","telomeres"],"reference_answer":"143251 and 213017 both discuss APBs and ALT-dependent telomere maintenance.","category":"spanning","source_doc_ids":["143251","213017"]}
{"question":"What codon upstream of nsP4 was found to nearly double the infectivity of O'nyong-nyong virus in Anopheles gambiae?","keywords":["opal stop codon","nsP3","nsP4","ONNV infectivity"],"reference_answer":"An opal stop codon between nsP3 and nsP4 nearly doubled infectivity.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["152245"]}
{"question":"What signaling pathway promotes Notch receptor signaling potential in keratinocytes through a microRNA regulator in epidermal differentiation?","keywords":["miR-31","FIH-1","Notch signaling","epidermal differentiation","keratinocytes"],"reference_answer":"miR-31 inhibits FIH-1, promoting Notch signaling and keratinocyte differentiation.","category":"relationship","source_doc_ids":["1346695"]}
{"question":"What is the effect of activating the 5-HT2C receptor in dopamine neurons on binge-like eating behavior in mice?","keywords":["5-HT2C receptor","dopamine neurons","binge-like eating","mice"],"reference_answer":"Activation of 5-HT2C receptors in dopamine neurons inhibits binge-like eating.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["1084062"]}
{"question":"What is the predicted effect on HIV incidence if universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate ART were implemented according to the mathematical model?","keywords":["universal testing","immediate ART","HIV elimination","model"],"reference_answer":"The model predicts possible elimination of HIV within about 5-10 years with universal testing and immediate ART, under certain conditions.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["374902"]}
{"question":"What is the role of the TAM density in predicting survival in node-negative breast cancer, according to the study on tumor-associated macrophages?","keywords":["TAM","breast cancer","survival","node-negative"],"reference_answer":"High TAM infiltration independently predicts worse survival in node-negative breast cancer.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["313403"]}
{"question":"Which two papers discuss a telomere maintenance mechanism in ALT-positive tumor cells via APBs and ATM signaling?","keywords":["APBs","ATM phosphorylation","telomeres"],"reference_answer":"APB formation causes telomere maintenance via ATM signaling in ALT-positive cells as discussed in 213017, and APB components facilitating ALT structures are described in 143251.","category":"spanning","source_doc_ids":["213017","143251"]}
{"question":"What is the primary finding about RNA silencing in Paramecium tetraurelia with respect to RdRP gene function?","keywords":["RdRP","Paramecium tetraurelia","RNAi pathways"],"reference_answer":"Distinct RdRPs (RDR1, RDR2, RDR3) have specialized roles in dsRNA- and transgene-triggered RNAi in P. tetraurelia.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["266641"]}
{"question":"What imaging method was used to track glomerular dynamics and cell movement in vivo in podocyte research?","keywords":["multiphoton imaging","podocytes","in vivo"],"reference_answer":"Serial multiphoton microscopy (MPM) was used to visualize podocytes and PEC migration in vivo.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["123859"]}
{"question":"What is the main conclusion about the role of Spt5 and chromatin in nucleosome remodeling around the PHO5 promoter?","keywords":["PHO5","histone","reassembly","in trans"],"reference_answer":"Histones for promoter reassembly are incorporated in trans, aided by histone chaperones and SWI/SNF. ","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["406733"]}
{"question":"What effect did elutriation have on monocyte populations in Centrifugal elutriation of HPBM?","keywords":["elutriation","monocytes","HPMBC"],"reference_answer":"Elutriation yielded three populations: total HPBM, small and large monocytes with high purity; all three could mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["623486"]}
{"question":"What is the consequence of loss of p18INK4c in glioblastoma multiforme as reported?","keywords":["p18(INK4c)","GBM","tumor suppressor","senescence"],"reference_answer":"Loss of p18INK4c acts as a tumor suppressor in GBM by inducing senescence-like G1 arrest; its deletion cooperates with p16 loss.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["470625"]}
{"question":"What imaging or screening tool showed a large amount of telomeric repeats clustering and TRF2 depletion in ALT-positive cells?","keywords":["ALT","PML bodies","telomeres","TRF2","ATM"],"reference_answer":"APB formation induces telomere clustering and TRF2 depletion with ATM activation in ALT cells.","category":"relationship","source_doc_ids":["213017"]}
{"question":"What distributor platform provides over 120 million purchasable drug-like compounds for research?","keywords":["ZINC","drug-like compounds","ligand discovery"],"reference_answer":"ZINC provides access to over 120 million purchasable drug-like compounds.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["327319"]}
{"question":"What was the effect of adding a long-term oxygen exposure on the risk of venous thrombosis in cancer patients in the Netherlands study?","keywords":["cancer","venous thrombosis","risk"],"reference_answer":"The study found cancer patients have a higher risk of venous thrombosis, especially with distant metastases, but not related to a specific oxygen exposure. ","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["1387104"]}
{"question":"Which paper discusses a rapid method for isolation of cotton genomic DNA suitable for RFLP or PCR analysis?","keywords":["cotton","genomic DNA","RFLP","PCR"],"reference_answer":"The paper reports a rapid DNA extraction method from cotton (Gossypium spp.) suitable for RFLP or PCR.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["102662"]}
{"question":"What is the main conclusion about the relationship between primary and secondary ovarian cancer screening in survivors from the Korean KNHANES study?","keywords":["screening","survivors","KNHANES","breast","cervical","gastric","colorectal"],"reference_answer":"Cancer survivors had higher screening rates than controls but rates remain suboptimal.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["756887"]}
{"question":"What is the effect of endotoxin-induced inflammation on the blood-brain barrier in glioma models as described in the APOBEC-related study?","keywords":["APOBEC3G","endotoxin","blood-brain barrier","inflammation"],"reference_answer":"No direct claim in these papers; this item is not grounded by the provided documents.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["544971"]}
{"question":"What effect did leptin treatment have on body weight in ob/ob mice after 5 days?","keywords":["leptin","ob/ob","body weight","reduction","13.2%","treatment"],"reference_answer":"Leptin treatment reduced body weight by 13.2% after 5 days in ob/ob mice.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2158500"]}
{"question":"Over how many days was leptin administered in ob/ob mice in the study?","keywords":["leptin","administration","days","5 days"],"reference_answer":"5 days of repeated intraperitoneal leptin administration.","category":"temporal","source_doc_ids":["2158500"]}
{"question":"Which cathepsins were found in senile plaques in Alzheimer disease brains?","keywords":["cathepsin D","cathepsin B","senile plaques","Alzheimer"],"reference_answer":"Senile plaques contained high levels of enzymatically active cathepsin D and cathepsin B.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2194320"]}
{"question":"What mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase was shown to counteract nevirapine's effect on RNase H during plus-strand initiation?","keywords":["N348I","RNase H","nevirapine","RT","plus-strand"],"reference_answer":"The N348I mutation counters RNase H activation and counteracts the nevirapine effect.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2319305"]}
{"question":"Which two proresolving mediators in human milk shortened the resolution interval Ri by about 75% in mice?","keywords":["resolving mediators","Ri","Ri shortening","RvD2","MaR1","human milk"],"reference_answer":"RvD2 and MaR1 individually shortened Ri by approximately 75%.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2344892"]}
{"question":"Which ligand engages OX40 (CD134) to regulate T cell function?","keywords":["OX40","OX40L","CD252","ligand","immunity"],"reference_answer":"OX40 is regulated by its ligand OX40L (CD252).","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2417551"]}
{"question":"In the study of human ES cell-derived neural precursors, what fates did the cells adopt after transplantation into the neonatal mouse brain?","keywords":["embryonic stem cells","neural precursors","transplantation","neonatal brain","neurons","astrocytes"],"reference_answer":"The transplanted cells differentiated into neurons and astrocytes and integrated into various brain regions.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2437807"]}
{"question":"Which two microRNAs were highly enriched in HbAS/HbSS erythrocytes and translocated into Plasmodium falciparum to inhibit parasite translation?","keywords":["miR-451","let-7i","HbAS","HbSS","translocation","P. falciparum","translation"],"reference_answer":"miR-451 and let-7i were highly enriched and translocated into P. falciparum to inhibit parasite translation.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2460304"]}
{"question":"In the HIV-1 envelope study, diversification focused in which variable loops correlated with breadth development?","keywords":["HIV-1","Env","diversification","V2","V4","V5","breadth"],"reference_answer":"Diversification focused in the V2, V4, and V5 loops of gp120, correlating with breadth development.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2601135"]}
{"question":"What was the mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration globally in the meta-analysis?","keywords":["25(OH)D","mean","global","vitamin D"],"reference_answer":"The mean serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level globally was 54 nmol/L.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3150030"]}
{"question":"Which GLP-1 receptor variant showed a loss of peptide-induced signaling but could be rescued by an allosteric modulator?","keywords":["GLP-1R","Met149","peptide signaling","allosteric rescue","compound 2"],"reference_answer":"The Met149 GLP-1R variant showed a loss of peptide-induced responses, which were rescued by the allosteric agonist compound 2.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3127341"]}
{"question":"Which cell type was shown to provide lactate for axon support in oligodendrocyte experiments?","keywords":["oligodendrocyte","lactate","axons","metabolic coupling"],"reference_answer":"Oligodendrocytes provide lactate to support axons in a metabolic coupling model.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2601324"]}
{"question":"During TCR signaling, which adaptor protein is recruited by CD3ε?","keywords":["CD3ε","Nck","TCR signaling","adaptor"],"reference_answer":"Nck is recruited by CD3ε during TCR signaling.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2714623"]}
{"question":"What are the two classes of genetic variants discussed in the article 'Rare and common variants: twenty arguments'?","keywords":["rare variants","common variants","genetics","complex traits"],"reference_answer":"The article discusses rare variants and common variants as two classes of genetic variation.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2739854"]}
{"question":"What modification enables targeted cleavage of mitochondrial DNA using CRISPR/Cas9?","keywords":["mitochondrial DNA","CRISPR/Cas9","mitoCas9","mtDNA"],"reference_answer":"A mitochondria-targeted Cas9 (mitoCas9) enables specific cleavage of mtDNA.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2810997"]}
{"question":"Which Y chromosome haplogroup was associated with higher risk of coronary artery disease in British men?","keywords":["Y chromosome","haplogroup I","CAD","men"],"reference_answer":"Haplogroup I was associated with higher risk of CAD.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2867345"]}
{"question":"Did intrauterine protein restriction followed by overfeeding cause adult obesity in the studied rats?","keywords":["intrauterine protein restriction","overfeeding","adult obesity","rats","glucose intolerance"],"reference_answer":"No, it did not cause obesity; it produced glucose intolerance due to pancreatic dysfunction.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["2605032"]}
{"question":"What is the main conclusion about DNA methylation function across genomic contexts?","keywords":["DNA methylation","context","function","genomic context"],"reference_answer":"DNA methylation functions vary by genomic context rather than being solely silencing.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3346812"]}
{"question":"Which gene maintains periosteum skeletal stem cell pool according to the periosteum study?","keywords":["periosteum","skeletal stem cells","Periostin","gene"],"reference_answer":"Periostin is required to maintain the periosteum skeletal stem cell pool.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3464191"]}
{"question":"What technique magnifies motion in video sequences?","keywords":["motion magnification","video","technique"],"reference_answer":"Motion magnification is the technique used to magnify subtle motions in video sequences.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3437084"]}
{"question":"What is the DIF-2 gene, identified in the monocyte/macrophage differentiation study?","keywords":["DIF-2","differentiation-dependent","monocytes","macrophages"],"reference_answer":"DIF-2 is a novel differentiation-dependent gene responsive to LPS, ceramide, and LPC.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3152612"]}
{"question":"What is the focus of the Metaplasia and transdifferentiation review?","keywords":["metaplasia","transdifferentiation","review"],"reference_answer":"The review focuses on metaplasia and transdifferentiation as processes relevant to development and disease.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3353748"]}
{"question":"From what source were human pluripotent stem cell lines derived in the Embryonic stem cell lines from human blastocysts study?","keywords":["pluripotent stem cells","blastocysts","derivation"],"reference_answer":"The pluripotent stem cell lines were derived from human blastocysts.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3360421"]}
{"question":"Which midlife vascular risk factors were associated with worse late-life white matter integrity in ARIC studies?","keywords":["midlife","hypertension","glucose","white matter integrity","ARIC"],"reference_answer":"Midlife hypertension and elevated glucose were associated with worse late-life white matter integrity.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3205945"]}
{"question":"What two inflammatory signatures are observed within granulomas in tuberculosis granulomas studies?","keywords":["granulomas","pro-inflammatory center","anti-inflammatory surrounding","tuberculosis"],"reference_answer":"Granulomas showed a pro-inflammatory center and an anti-inflammatory surrounding signature.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["3475317"]}
{"question":"What is the 56-kDa soluble amyloid-β assembly identified as impairing memory in middle-aged Tg2576 mice?","keywords":["Aβ*56","Aβ star 56","amyloid-β","memory impairment","Tg2576"],"reference_answer":"Aβ*56 (Aβ star 56).","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4407385"]}
{"question":"In Tg2576 mice, during which age range do memory deficits appear without neuronal loss?","keywords":["middle-aged","6–14 months","memory deficits","Tg2576","neuronal loss"],"reference_answer":"Middle-aged mice aged 6–14 months.","category":"temporal","source_doc_ids":["4407385"]}
{"question":"Which caspase cleaves the linker between gasdermin-N and gasdermin-C domains to trigger pyroptosis?","keywords":["GSDMD","gasdermin-N","gasdermin-C","caspase-1","pyroptosis"],"reference_answer":"Caspase-1.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4407455"]}
{"question":"Which DNA-binding protein binds to unmethylated regions and is essential for enhancer blocking at the H19/Igf2 locus?","keywords":["CTCF","imprinted-control region","enhancer-blocking","Igf2","H19"],"reference_answer":"CTCF.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4421547"]}
{"question":"What was the observed immune outcome for teratomas formed by B6 ViPSCs when transplanted into B6 recipients?","keywords":["ViPSCs","teratomas","immune rejection","B6 recipients"],"reference_answer":"Teratomas formed by B6 ViPSCs were mostly immune-rejected by B6 recipients.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4416964"]}
{"question":"What two Alzheimer’s disease pathologies are linked in the models described in the Alzheimer's 3D human neural cell culture system, and how does altering Aβ production affect tau pathology?","keywords":["amyloid-β plaques","tau pathology","3D culture model","GSK3","tau phosphorylation"],"reference_answer":"Amyloid-β plaques and tau pathology; reducing Aβ generation decreased tau phosphorylation.","category":"spanning","source_doc_ids":["4459491","4446814"]}
{"question":"What is the lifetime risk of overall cardiovascular disease at age 30 for individuals with hypertension, according to the CALIBER study?","keywords":["lifetime risk","overall cardiovascular disease","age 30","hypertension"],"reference_answer":"63.3%.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4506414"]}
{"question":"Over what years did the CALIBER study collect linked electronic health records in the analysis?","keywords":["CALIBER","electronic health records","temporal range","study period"],"reference_answer":"1997 to 2010.","category":"temporal","source_doc_ids":["4810810"]}
{"question":"From seawater desalination brine, what process is used to produce sodium hydroxide?","keywords":["seawater desalination brine","sodium hydroxide","membrane chlor-alkali"],"reference_answer":"Membrane chlor-alkali electrolysis.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4939312"]}
{"question":"In the online consumer reviews study, which two psychotropic drugs were examined for reported effects?","keywords":["escitalopram","quetiapine","online reviews","drug effects"],"reference_answer":"Escitalopram and quetiapine.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4506702"]}
{"question":"What biomarker measure of advanced glycation end products was independently associated with low skeletal muscle index?","keywords":["skin autofluorescence","AGEs","skeletal muscle index","independence"],"reference_answer":"Skin autofluorescence.","category":"relationship","source_doc_ids":["4627816"]}
{"question":"After disclosure of APOE genotype, which APOE status subgroup showed less test-related distress?","keywords":["APOE","epsilon4-negative","test-related distress","disclosure"],"reference_answer":"The epsilon4-negative subgroup.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4505748"]}
{"question":"Which gene variants were associated with Crohn's disease in the NOD2 study?","keywords":["NOD2","frameshift variant","missense variants","Crohn's disease"],"reference_answer":"Frameshift variant and two missense variants in NOD2.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4427060"]}
{"question":"What complex does VPS4 recognize and disassemble to mediate membrane fission events?","keywords":["VPS4","MIT domain","CHMP","ESCRT-III","membrane fission"],"reference_answer":"ESCRT-III.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4429388"]}
{"question":"What residues comprise the tau filament core described in Alzheimer's disease filaments?","keywords":["tau","filaments","core residues","306-378"],"reference_answer":"Residues 306–378 of tau.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4446814"]}
{"question":"What wedge-domain peptide targets receptor relief CSPG-mediated inhibition and promotes spinal cord recovery?","keywords":["PTPσ","wedge-domain","CSPG","spinal cord recovery"],"reference_answer":"A membrane- permeable peptide mimetic of the PTPσ wedge domain that binds PTPσ and relieves CSPG-mediated inhibition.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4447055"]}
{"question":"Which protein is enriched at globule boundaries and affects 3D genome organization in S. pombe?","keywords":["cohesin","globules","3D genome","S. pombe"],"reference_answer":"Cohesin.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4462139"]}
{"question":"In diabetes, which hormone's levels were found to be elevated and linked to hyperphagia?","keywords":["ghrelin","diabetes","hyperphagia","plasma"],"reference_answer":"Ghrelin.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4474874"]}
{"question":"What effect did folic acid supplementation have on gestational hypertension, and what was the relative risk?","keywords":["folic acid","gestational hypertension","relative risk","0.55"],"reference_answer":"It reduced risk; relative risk 0.55.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4550036"]}
{"question":"What outcomes increased with zinc supplementation in prepubertal children?","keywords":["height","serum zinc","prepubertal","supplementation"],"reference_answer":"Height increased and serum zinc concentrations rose.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4515975"]}
{"question":"What extracellular condition activates SREBP2 and drives cholesterol biosynthesis genes in cancer cells?","keywords":["extracellular acidic pH","SREBP2","cancer metabolism"],"reference_answer":"Extracellular acidic pH activates SREBP2.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4583180"]}
{"question":"Which plant extract inhibited the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in hepatocytes and WD-fed mice?","keywords":["Allium fistulosum","EAF","NAFLD","lipogenesis"],"reference_answer":"Ethanol extract of Allium fistulosum (EAF).","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4641348"]}
{"question":"Which microRNA is upregulated with aging in muscle and induces cellular senescence?","keywords":["miR-29","aging","muscle","senescence"],"reference_answer":"miR-29.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["4653837"]}
{"question":"What is the described relationship between adipocyte inflammation and adipose tissue remodeling in the adipose tissue inflammation study?","keywords":["adipocyte inflammation","remodeling","visceral fat","healthy expansion"],"reference_answer":"Adipocyte inflammation is essential for healthy adipose tissue expansion and remodeling.","category":"relationship","source_doc_ids":["5106691"]}
{"question":"Which brain regions showed increased gray matter volume in professional handball players compared with controls?","keywords":["gray matter","handball players","MI/SI","SMA","intraparietal sulcus"],"reference_answer":"Increased gray matter in the right primary/secondary motor cortex (MI/SI), bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA)/cingulate motor area, and the left intraparietal sulcus.","category":"direct_fact","source_doc_ids":["6036535"]}