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| [ | |
| { | |
| "number": 1, | |
| "symbol": "H", | |
| "name": "Hydrogen", | |
| "atomic_mass": 1.008, | |
| "category": "Nonmetal", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 1, | |
| "group": 1, | |
| "electron_config": "1s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.2, | |
| "melting_point": 14.01, | |
| "boiling_point": 20.28, | |
| "density": 0.00009, | |
| "atomic_radius": 53, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1312, | |
| "electron_affinity": -73, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-1, +1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Henry Cavendish", | |
| "discovery_year": 1766 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 2, | |
| "symbol": "He", | |
| "name": "Helium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 4.003, | |
| "category": "Noble Gas", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 1, | |
| "group": 18, | |
| "electron_config": "1s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": 0.95, | |
| "boiling_point": 4.22, | |
| "density": 0.000179, | |
| "atomic_radius": 31, | |
| "ionization_energy": 2372.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "0", | |
| "discovered_by": "Pierre Janssen", | |
| "discovery_year": 1868 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 3, | |
| "symbol": "Li", | |
| "name": "Lithium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 6.941, | |
| "category": "Alkali Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 1, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.98, | |
| "melting_point": 453.69, | |
| "boiling_point": 1615, | |
| "density": 0.534, | |
| "atomic_radius": 167, | |
| "ionization_energy": 520.2, | |
| "electron_affinity": -60, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Johan August Arfwedson", | |
| "discovery_year": 1817 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 4, | |
| "symbol": "Be", | |
| "name": "Beryllium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 9.012, | |
| "category": "Alkaline Earth", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 2, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.57, | |
| "melting_point": 1560, | |
| "boiling_point": 2742, | |
| "density": 1.85, | |
| "atomic_radius": 112, | |
| "ionization_energy": 899.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin", | |
| "discovery_year": 1798 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 5, | |
| "symbol": "B", | |
| "name": "Boron", | |
| "atomic_mass": 10.81, | |
| "category": "Metalloid", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 13, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s2 2p1", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.04, | |
| "melting_point": 2349, | |
| "boiling_point": 4200, | |
| "density": 2.34, | |
| "atomic_radius": 87, | |
| "ionization_energy": 800.6, | |
| "electron_affinity": -27, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac", | |
| "discovery_year": 1808 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 6, | |
| "symbol": "C", | |
| "name": "Carbon", | |
| "atomic_mass": 12.011, | |
| "category": "Nonmetal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 14, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s2 2p2", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.55, | |
| "melting_point": 3823, | |
| "boiling_point": 4098, | |
| "density": 2.267, | |
| "atomic_radius": 77, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1086.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -154, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-4, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 7, | |
| "symbol": "N", | |
| "name": "Nitrogen", | |
| "atomic_mass": 14.007, | |
| "category": "Nonmetal", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 15, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s2 2p3", | |
| "electronegativity": 3.04, | |
| "melting_point": 63.15, | |
| "boiling_point": 77.36, | |
| "density": 0.001251, | |
| "atomic_radius": 75, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1402.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": -7, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-3, +3, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Daniel Rutherford", | |
| "discovery_year": 1772 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 8, | |
| "symbol": "O", | |
| "name": "Oxygen", | |
| "atomic_mass": 15.999, | |
| "category": "Nonmetal", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 16, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s2 2p4", | |
| "electronegativity": 3.44, | |
| "melting_point": 54.36, | |
| "boiling_point": 90.2, | |
| "density": 0.001429, | |
| "atomic_radius": 73, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1313.9, | |
| "electron_affinity": -141, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", | |
| "discovery_year": 1774 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 9, | |
| "symbol": "F", | |
| "name": "Fluorine", | |
| "atomic_mass": 18.998, | |
| "category": "Halogen", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 17, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s2 2p5", | |
| "electronegativity": 3.98, | |
| "melting_point": 53.53, | |
| "boiling_point": 85.03, | |
| "density": 0.001696, | |
| "atomic_radius": 71, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1681, | |
| "electron_affinity": -328, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Henri Moissan", | |
| "discovery_year": 1886 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 10, | |
| "symbol": "Ne", | |
| "name": "Neon", | |
| "atomic_mass": 20.18, | |
| "category": "Noble Gas", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 2, | |
| "group": 18, | |
| "electron_config": "[He] 2s2 2p6", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": 24.56, | |
| "boiling_point": 27.07, | |
| "density": 0.0009, | |
| "atomic_radius": 38, | |
| "ionization_energy": 2080.7, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "0", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Ramsay", | |
| "discovery_year": 1898 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 11, | |
| "symbol": "Na", | |
| "name": "Sodium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 22.99, | |
| "category": "Alkali Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 1, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.93, | |
| "melting_point": 370.87, | |
| "boiling_point": 1156, | |
| "density": 0.971, | |
| "atomic_radius": 190, | |
| "ionization_energy": 495.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": -53, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Humphry Davy", | |
| "discovery_year": 1807 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 12, | |
| "symbol": "Mg", | |
| "name": "Magnesium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 24.305, | |
| "category": "Alkaline Earth", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 2, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.31, | |
| "melting_point": 923, | |
| "boiling_point": 1363, | |
| "density": 1.738, | |
| "atomic_radius": 145, | |
| "ionization_energy": 737.7, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joseph Black", | |
| "discovery_year": 1755 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 13, | |
| "symbol": "Al", | |
| "name": "Aluminum", | |
| "atomic_mass": 26.982, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 13, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s2 3p1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.61, | |
| "melting_point": 933.47, | |
| "boiling_point": 2792, | |
| "density": 2.698, | |
| "atomic_radius": 125, | |
| "ionization_energy": 577.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -43, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Hans Christian Oersted", | |
| "discovery_year": 1825 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 14, | |
| "symbol": "Si", | |
| "name": "Silicon", | |
| "atomic_mass": 28.086, | |
| "category": "Metalloid", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 14, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s2 3p2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.9, | |
| "melting_point": 1687, | |
| "boiling_point": 3538, | |
| "density": 2.3296, | |
| "atomic_radius": 111, | |
| "ionization_energy": 786.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -134, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-4, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Jons Jacob Berzelius", | |
| "discovery_year": 1824 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 15, | |
| "symbol": "P", | |
| "name": "Phosphorus", | |
| "atomic_mass": 30.974, | |
| "category": "Nonmetal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 15, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s2 3p3", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.19, | |
| "melting_point": 317.3, | |
| "boiling_point": 550, | |
| "density": 1.82, | |
| "atomic_radius": 106, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1011.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": -72, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-3, +3, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Hennig Brand", | |
| "discovery_year": 1669 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 16, | |
| "symbol": "S", | |
| "name": "Sulfur", | |
| "atomic_mass": 32.06, | |
| "category": "Nonmetal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 16, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s2 3p4", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.58, | |
| "melting_point": 388.36, | |
| "boiling_point": 717.87, | |
| "density": 2.067, | |
| "atomic_radius": 102, | |
| "ionization_energy": 999.6, | |
| "electron_affinity": -200, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-2, +4, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 17, | |
| "symbol": "Cl", | |
| "name": "Chlorine", | |
| "atomic_mass": 35.45, | |
| "category": "Halogen", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 17, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s2 3p5", | |
| "electronegativity": 3.16, | |
| "melting_point": 171.6, | |
| "boiling_point": 239.11, | |
| "density": 0.003214, | |
| "atomic_radius": 99, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1251.2, | |
| "electron_affinity": -349, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-1, +1, +3, +5, +7", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", | |
| "discovery_year": 1774 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 18, | |
| "symbol": "Ar", | |
| "name": "Argon", | |
| "atomic_mass": 39.948, | |
| "category": "Noble Gas", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 3, | |
| "group": 18, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ne] 3s2 3p6", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": 83.8, | |
| "boiling_point": 87.3, | |
| "density": 0.001784, | |
| "atomic_radius": 71, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1520.6, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "0", | |
| "discovered_by": "Lord Rayleigh", | |
| "discovery_year": 1894 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 19, | |
| "symbol": "K", | |
| "name": "Potassium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 39.098, | |
| "category": "Alkali Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 1, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 4s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.82, | |
| "melting_point": 336.53, | |
| "boiling_point": 1032, | |
| "density": 0.862, | |
| "atomic_radius": 243, | |
| "ionization_energy": 418.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": -48, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Humphry Davy", | |
| "discovery_year": 1807 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 20, | |
| "symbol": "Ca", | |
| "name": "Calcium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 40.078, | |
| "category": "Alkaline Earth", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 2, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1, | |
| "melting_point": 1115, | |
| "boiling_point": 1757, | |
| "density": 1.55, | |
| "atomic_radius": 194, | |
| "ionization_energy": 589.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": -2, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Humphry Davy", | |
| "discovery_year": 1808 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 21, | |
| "symbol": "Sc", | |
| "name": "Scandium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 44.956, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 3, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d1 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.36, | |
| "melting_point": 1814, | |
| "boiling_point": 3109, | |
| "density": 2.989, | |
| "atomic_radius": 184, | |
| "ionization_energy": 633.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -18, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Lars Fredrik Nilson", | |
| "discovery_year": 1879 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 22, | |
| "symbol": "Ti", | |
| "name": "Titanium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 47.867, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 4, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d2 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.54, | |
| "melting_point": 1941, | |
| "boiling_point": 3560, | |
| "density": 4.54, | |
| "atomic_radius": 176, | |
| "ionization_energy": 658.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": -8, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Gregor", | |
| "discovery_year": 1791 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 23, | |
| "symbol": "V", | |
| "name": "Vanadium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 50.942, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 5, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d3 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.63, | |
| "melting_point": 2183, | |
| "boiling_point": 3680, | |
| "density": 6.11, | |
| "atomic_radius": 171, | |
| "ionization_energy": 650.9, | |
| "electron_affinity": -51, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3, +4, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Andres Manuel del Rio", | |
| "discovery_year": 1801 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 24, | |
| "symbol": "Cr", | |
| "name": "Chromium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 51.996, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 6, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d5 4s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.66, | |
| "melting_point": 2180, | |
| "boiling_point": 2944, | |
| "density": 7.15, | |
| "atomic_radius": 166, | |
| "ionization_energy": 652.9, | |
| "electron_affinity": -64, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Louis Nicolas Vauquelin", | |
| "discovery_year": 1797 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 25, | |
| "symbol": "Mn", | |
| "name": "Manganese", | |
| "atomic_mass": 54.938, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 7, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d5 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.55, | |
| "melting_point": 1519, | |
| "boiling_point": 2334, | |
| "density": 7.44, | |
| "atomic_radius": 161, | |
| "ionization_energy": 717.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +4, +7", | |
| "discovered_by": "Johan Gottlieb Gahn", | |
| "discovery_year": 1774 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 26, | |
| "symbol": "Fe", | |
| "name": "Iron", | |
| "atomic_mass": 55.845, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 8, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d6 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.83, | |
| "melting_point": 1811, | |
| "boiling_point": 3134, | |
| "density": 7.874, | |
| "atomic_radius": 156, | |
| "ionization_energy": 762.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -16, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 27, | |
| "symbol": "Co", | |
| "name": "Cobalt", | |
| "atomic_mass": 58.933, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 9, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d7 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.88, | |
| "melting_point": 1768, | |
| "boiling_point": 3200, | |
| "density": 8.9, | |
| "atomic_radius": 152, | |
| "ionization_energy": 760.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": -64, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Georg Brandt", | |
| "discovery_year": 1735 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 28, | |
| "symbol": "Ni", | |
| "name": "Nickel", | |
| "atomic_mass": 58.693, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 10, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d8 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.91, | |
| "melting_point": 1728, | |
| "boiling_point": 3186, | |
| "density": 8.912, | |
| "atomic_radius": 149, | |
| "ionization_energy": 737.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -112, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Axel Fredrik Cronstedt", | |
| "discovery_year": 1751 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 29, | |
| "symbol": "Cu", | |
| "name": "Copper", | |
| "atomic_mass": 63.546, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 11, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.9, | |
| "melting_point": 1357.77, | |
| "boiling_point": 2835, | |
| "density": 8.96, | |
| "atomic_radius": 145, | |
| "ionization_energy": 745.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -119, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1, +2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 30, | |
| "symbol": "Zn", | |
| "name": "Zinc", | |
| "atomic_mass": 65.38, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 12, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.65, | |
| "melting_point": 692.68, | |
| "boiling_point": 1180, | |
| "density": 7.134, | |
| "atomic_radius": 142, | |
| "ionization_energy": 906.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 31, | |
| "symbol": "Ga", | |
| "name": "Gallium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 69.723, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 13, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.81, | |
| "melting_point": 302.91, | |
| "boiling_point": 2477, | |
| "density": 5.907, | |
| "atomic_radius": 136, | |
| "ionization_energy": 578.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": -29, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran", | |
| "discovery_year": 1875 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 32, | |
| "symbol": "Ge", | |
| "name": "Germanium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 72.63, | |
| "category": "Metalloid", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 14, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.01, | |
| "melting_point": 1211.4, | |
| "boiling_point": 3106, | |
| "density": 5.323, | |
| "atomic_radius": 125, | |
| "ionization_energy": 762.2, | |
| "electron_affinity": -119, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Clemens Winkler", | |
| "discovery_year": 1886 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 33, | |
| "symbol": "As", | |
| "name": "Arsenic", | |
| "atomic_mass": 74.922, | |
| "category": "Metalloid", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 15, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.18, | |
| "melting_point": 1090, | |
| "boiling_point": 887, | |
| "density": 5.776, | |
| "atomic_radius": 114, | |
| "ionization_energy": 947, | |
| "electron_affinity": -78, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-3, +3, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 34, | |
| "symbol": "Se", | |
| "name": "Selenium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 78.971, | |
| "category": "Nonmetal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 16, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.55, | |
| "melting_point": 494, | |
| "boiling_point": 958, | |
| "density": 4.809, | |
| "atomic_radius": 103, | |
| "ionization_energy": 941, | |
| "electron_affinity": -195, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-2, +4, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Jons Jacob Berzelius", | |
| "discovery_year": 1817 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 35, | |
| "symbol": "Br", | |
| "name": "Bromine", | |
| "atomic_mass": 79.904, | |
| "category": "Halogen", | |
| "phase": "Liquid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 17, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p5", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.96, | |
| "melting_point": 265.8, | |
| "boiling_point": 332, | |
| "density": 3.122, | |
| "atomic_radius": 94, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1139.9, | |
| "electron_affinity": -325, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-1, +1, +3, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Antoine Jerome Balard", | |
| "discovery_year": 1826 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 36, | |
| "symbol": "Kr", | |
| "name": "Krypton", | |
| "atomic_mass": 83.798, | |
| "category": "Noble Gas", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 4, | |
| "group": 18, | |
| "electron_config": "[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6", | |
| "electronegativity": 3, | |
| "melting_point": 115.79, | |
| "boiling_point": 119.93, | |
| "density": 0.003749, | |
| "atomic_radius": 88, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1350.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "0, +2", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Ramsay", | |
| "discovery_year": 1898 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 37, | |
| "symbol": "Rb", | |
| "name": "Rubidium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 85.468, | |
| "category": "Alkali Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 1, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 5s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.82, | |
| "melting_point": 312.46, | |
| "boiling_point": 961, | |
| "density": 1.532, | |
| "atomic_radius": 265, | |
| "ionization_energy": 403, | |
| "electron_affinity": -47, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Robert Bunsen", | |
| "discovery_year": 1861 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 38, | |
| "symbol": "Sr", | |
| "name": "Strontium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 87.62, | |
| "category": "Alkaline Earth", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 2, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 5s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.95, | |
| "melting_point": 1050, | |
| "boiling_point": 1655, | |
| "density": 2.64, | |
| "atomic_radius": 219, | |
| "ionization_energy": 549.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -5, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Cruickshank", | |
| "discovery_year": 1790 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 39, | |
| "symbol": "Y", | |
| "name": "Yttrium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 88.906, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 3, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d1 5s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.22, | |
| "melting_point": 1799, | |
| "boiling_point": 3609, | |
| "density": 4.469, | |
| "atomic_radius": 212, | |
| "ionization_energy": 600, | |
| "electron_affinity": -30, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Johan Gadolin", | |
| "discovery_year": 1794 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 40, | |
| "symbol": "Zr", | |
| "name": "Zirconium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 91.224, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 4, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d2 5s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.33, | |
| "melting_point": 2128, | |
| "boiling_point": 4682, | |
| "density": 6.506, | |
| "atomic_radius": 206, | |
| "ionization_energy": 640.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -41, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", | |
| "discovery_year": 1789 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 41, | |
| "symbol": "Nb", | |
| "name": "Niobium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 92.906, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 5, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d4 5s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.6, | |
| "melting_point": 2750, | |
| "boiling_point": 5017, | |
| "density": 8.57, | |
| "atomic_radius": 198, | |
| "ionization_energy": 652.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -86, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Charles Hatchett", | |
| "discovery_year": 1801 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 42, | |
| "symbol": "Mo", | |
| "name": "Molybdenum", | |
| "atomic_mass": 95.95, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 6, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d5 5s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.16, | |
| "melting_point": 2896, | |
| "boiling_point": 4912, | |
| "density": 10.22, | |
| "atomic_radius": 190, | |
| "ionization_energy": 684.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": -72, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", | |
| "discovery_year": 1778 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 43, | |
| "symbol": "Tc", | |
| "name": "Technetium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 98, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 7, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d5 5s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.9, | |
| "melting_point": 2430, | |
| "boiling_point": 4538, | |
| "density": 11.5, | |
| "atomic_radius": 183, | |
| "ionization_energy": 702, | |
| "electron_affinity": -53, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4, +7", | |
| "discovered_by": "Emilio Segre", | |
| "discovery_year": 1937 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 44, | |
| "symbol": "Ru", | |
| "name": "Ruthenium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 101.07, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 8, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d7 5s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.2, | |
| "melting_point": 2607, | |
| "boiling_point": 4423, | |
| "density": 12.37, | |
| "atomic_radius": 178, | |
| "ionization_energy": 710.2, | |
| "electron_affinity": -101, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Karl Ernst Claus", | |
| "discovery_year": 1844 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 45, | |
| "symbol": "Rh", | |
| "name": "Rhodium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 102.91, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 9, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d8 5s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.28, | |
| "melting_point": 2237, | |
| "boiling_point": 3968, | |
| "density": 12.41, | |
| "atomic_radius": 173, | |
| "ionization_energy": 719.7, | |
| "electron_affinity": -110, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Hyde Wollaston", | |
| "discovery_year": 1803 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 46, | |
| "symbol": "Pd", | |
| "name": "Palladium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 106.42, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 10, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.2, | |
| "melting_point": 1828.05, | |
| "boiling_point": 3236, | |
| "density": 12.02, | |
| "atomic_radius": 169, | |
| "ionization_energy": 804.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": -54, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Hyde Wollaston", | |
| "discovery_year": 1803 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 47, | |
| "symbol": "Ag", | |
| "name": "Silver", | |
| "atomic_mass": 107.87, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 11, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.93, | |
| "melting_point": 1234.93, | |
| "boiling_point": 2435, | |
| "density": 10.501, | |
| "atomic_radius": 165, | |
| "ionization_energy": 731, | |
| "electron_affinity": -126, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 48, | |
| "symbol": "Cd", | |
| "name": "Cadmium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 112.41, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 12, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.69, | |
| "melting_point": 594.22, | |
| "boiling_point": 1040, | |
| "density": 8.69, | |
| "atomic_radius": 161, | |
| "ionization_energy": 867.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Karl Samuel Leberecht Hermann", | |
| "discovery_year": 1817 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 49, | |
| "symbol": "In", | |
| "name": "Indium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 114.82, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 13, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.78, | |
| "melting_point": 429.75, | |
| "boiling_point": 2345, | |
| "density": 7.31, | |
| "atomic_radius": 156, | |
| "ionization_energy": 558.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": -29, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ferdinand Reich", | |
| "discovery_year": 1863 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 50, | |
| "symbol": "Sn", | |
| "name": "Tin", | |
| "atomic_mass": 118.71, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 14, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.96, | |
| "melting_point": 505.08, | |
| "boiling_point": 2875, | |
| "density": 7.287, | |
| "atomic_radius": 145, | |
| "ionization_energy": 708.6, | |
| "electron_affinity": -107, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 51, | |
| "symbol": "Sb", | |
| "name": "Antimony", | |
| "atomic_mass": 121.76, | |
| "category": "Metalloid", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 15, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.05, | |
| "melting_point": 903.78, | |
| "boiling_point": 1860, | |
| "density": 6.685, | |
| "atomic_radius": 133, | |
| "ionization_energy": 834, | |
| "electron_affinity": -103, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-3, +3, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 52, | |
| "symbol": "Te", | |
| "name": "Tellurium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 127.6, | |
| "category": "Metalloid", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 16, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.1, | |
| "melting_point": 722.66, | |
| "boiling_point": 1261, | |
| "density": 6.232, | |
| "atomic_radius": 123, | |
| "ionization_energy": 869.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": -190, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-2, +4, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Franz-Joseph Muller von Reichenstein", | |
| "discovery_year": 1783 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 53, | |
| "symbol": "I", | |
| "name": "Iodine", | |
| "atomic_mass": 126.9, | |
| "category": "Halogen", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 17, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.66, | |
| "melting_point": 386.85, | |
| "boiling_point": 457.4, | |
| "density": 4.93, | |
| "atomic_radius": 115, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1008.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": -295, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-1, +1, +5, +7", | |
| "discovered_by": "Bernard Courtois", | |
| "discovery_year": 1811 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 54, | |
| "symbol": "Xe", | |
| "name": "Xenon", | |
| "atomic_mass": 131.29, | |
| "category": "Noble Gas", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 5, | |
| "group": 18, | |
| "electron_config": "[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p6", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.6, | |
| "melting_point": 161.4, | |
| "boiling_point": 165.03, | |
| "density": 0.005887, | |
| "atomic_radius": 108, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1170.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "0, +2, +4, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Ramsay", | |
| "discovery_year": 1898 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 55, | |
| "symbol": "Cs", | |
| "name": "Cesium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 132.91, | |
| "category": "Alkali Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 1, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 6s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.79, | |
| "melting_point": 301.59, | |
| "boiling_point": 944, | |
| "density": 1.873, | |
| "atomic_radius": 298, | |
| "ionization_energy": 375.7, | |
| "electron_affinity": -46, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Robert Bunsen", | |
| "discovery_year": 1860 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 56, | |
| "symbol": "Ba", | |
| "name": "Barium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 137.33, | |
| "category": "Alkaline Earth", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 2, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.89, | |
| "melting_point": 1000, | |
| "boiling_point": 2170, | |
| "density": 3.594, | |
| "atomic_radius": 253, | |
| "ionization_energy": 502.9, | |
| "electron_affinity": -14, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", | |
| "discovery_year": 1772 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 57, | |
| "symbol": "La", | |
| "name": "Lanthanum", | |
| "atomic_mass": 138.91, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 3, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 5d1 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.1, | |
| "melting_point": 1193, | |
| "boiling_point": 3737, | |
| "density": 6.145, | |
| "atomic_radius": 195, | |
| "ionization_energy": 538.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -48, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", | |
| "discovery_year": 1839 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 58, | |
| "symbol": "Ce", | |
| "name": "Cerium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 140.12, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.12, | |
| "melting_point": 1068, | |
| "boiling_point": 3716, | |
| "density": 6.77, | |
| "atomic_radius": 185, | |
| "ionization_energy": 534.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Jons Jacob Berzelius", | |
| "discovery_year": 1803 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 59, | |
| "symbol": "Pr", | |
| "name": "Praseodymium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 140.91, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f3 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.13, | |
| "melting_point": 1208, | |
| "boiling_point": 3793, | |
| "density": 6.773, | |
| "atomic_radius": 185, | |
| "ionization_energy": 527, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Auer von Welsbach", | |
| "discovery_year": 1885 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 60, | |
| "symbol": "Nd", | |
| "name": "Neodymium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 144.24, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f4 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.14, | |
| "melting_point": 1297, | |
| "boiling_point": 3347, | |
| "density": 7.007, | |
| "atomic_radius": 185, | |
| "ionization_energy": 533.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Auer von Welsbach", | |
| "discovery_year": 1885 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 61, | |
| "symbol": "Pm", | |
| "name": "Promethium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 145, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f5 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.13, | |
| "melting_point": 1315, | |
| "boiling_point": 3273, | |
| "density": 7.26, | |
| "atomic_radius": 185, | |
| "ionization_energy": 540, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Charles D. Coryell", | |
| "discovery_year": 1945 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 62, | |
| "symbol": "Sm", | |
| "name": "Samarium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 150.36, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f6 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.17, | |
| "melting_point": 1345, | |
| "boiling_point": 2067, | |
| "density": 7.52, | |
| "atomic_radius": 185, | |
| "ionization_energy": 544.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran", | |
| "discovery_year": 1879 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 63, | |
| "symbol": "Eu", | |
| "name": "Europium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 151.96, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f7 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.2, | |
| "melting_point": 1099, | |
| "boiling_point": 1802, | |
| "density": 5.243, | |
| "atomic_radius": 185, | |
| "ionization_energy": 547.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Eugene-Anatole Demarcay", | |
| "discovery_year": 1901 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 64, | |
| "symbol": "Gd", | |
| "name": "Gadolinium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 157.25, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f7 5d1 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.2, | |
| "melting_point": 1585, | |
| "boiling_point": 3546, | |
| "density": 7.895, | |
| "atomic_radius": 180, | |
| "ionization_energy": 593.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac", | |
| "discovery_year": 1880 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 65, | |
| "symbol": "Tb", | |
| "name": "Terbium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 158.93, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f9 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.2, | |
| "melting_point": 1629, | |
| "boiling_point": 3503, | |
| "density": 8.229, | |
| "atomic_radius": 175, | |
| "ionization_energy": 565.8, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", | |
| "discovery_year": 1843 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 66, | |
| "symbol": "Dy", | |
| "name": "Dysprosium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 162.5, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f10 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.22, | |
| "melting_point": 1680, | |
| "boiling_point": 2840, | |
| "density": 8.55, | |
| "atomic_radius": 175, | |
| "ionization_energy": 573, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Paul Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran", | |
| "discovery_year": 1886 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 67, | |
| "symbol": "Ho", | |
| "name": "Holmium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 164.93, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f11 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.23, | |
| "melting_point": 1734, | |
| "boiling_point": 2993, | |
| "density": 8.795, | |
| "atomic_radius": 175, | |
| "ionization_energy": 581, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Marc Delafontaine", | |
| "discovery_year": 1878 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 68, | |
| "symbol": "Er", | |
| "name": "Erbium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 167.26, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f12 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.24, | |
| "melting_point": 1802, | |
| "boiling_point": 3141, | |
| "density": 9.066, | |
| "atomic_radius": 175, | |
| "ionization_energy": 589.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Gustaf Mosander", | |
| "discovery_year": 1843 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 69, | |
| "symbol": "Tm", | |
| "name": "Thulium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 168.93, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f13 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.25, | |
| "melting_point": 1818, | |
| "boiling_point": 2223, | |
| "density": 9.321, | |
| "atomic_radius": 175, | |
| "ionization_energy": 596.7, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Per Teodor Cleve", | |
| "discovery_year": 1879 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 70, | |
| "symbol": "Yb", | |
| "name": "Ytterbium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 173.05, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.1, | |
| "melting_point": 1097, | |
| "boiling_point": 1469, | |
| "density": 6.965, | |
| "atomic_radius": 175, | |
| "ionization_energy": 603.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac", | |
| "discovery_year": 1878 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 71, | |
| "symbol": "Lu", | |
| "name": "Lutetium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 174.97, | |
| "category": "Lanthanide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 3, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d1 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.27, | |
| "melting_point": 1925, | |
| "boiling_point": 3675, | |
| "density": 9.84, | |
| "atomic_radius": 175, | |
| "ionization_energy": 523.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": -50, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Georges Urbain", | |
| "discovery_year": 1907 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 72, | |
| "symbol": "Hf", | |
| "name": "Hafnium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 178.49, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 4, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 2506, | |
| "boiling_point": 4876, | |
| "density": 13.31, | |
| "atomic_radius": 167, | |
| "ionization_energy": 658.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Dirk Coster", | |
| "discovery_year": 1923 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 73, | |
| "symbol": "Ta", | |
| "name": "Tantalum", | |
| "atomic_mass": 180.95, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 5, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d3 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.5, | |
| "melting_point": 3290, | |
| "boiling_point": 5731, | |
| "density": 16.654, | |
| "atomic_radius": 149, | |
| "ionization_energy": 761, | |
| "electron_affinity": -31, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Anders Gustaf Ekeberg", | |
| "discovery_year": 1802 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 74, | |
| "symbol": "W", | |
| "name": "Tungsten", | |
| "atomic_mass": 183.84, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 6, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.36, | |
| "melting_point": 3695, | |
| "boiling_point": 5828, | |
| "density": 19.25, | |
| "atomic_radius": 141, | |
| "ionization_energy": 770, | |
| "electron_affinity": -79, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Carl Wilhelm Scheele", | |
| "discovery_year": 1783 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 75, | |
| "symbol": "Re", | |
| "name": "Rhenium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 186.21, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 7, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.9, | |
| "melting_point": 3459, | |
| "boiling_point": 5869, | |
| "density": 21.02, | |
| "atomic_radius": 137, | |
| "ionization_energy": 760, | |
| "electron_affinity": -15, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4, +7", | |
| "discovered_by": "Masataka Ogawa", | |
| "discovery_year": 1925 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 76, | |
| "symbol": "Os", | |
| "name": "Osmium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 190.23, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 8, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.2, | |
| "melting_point": 3306, | |
| "boiling_point": 5285, | |
| "density": 22.59, | |
| "atomic_radius": 135, | |
| "ionization_energy": 840, | |
| "electron_affinity": -106, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Smithson Tennant", | |
| "discovery_year": 1803 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 77, | |
| "symbol": "Ir", | |
| "name": "Iridium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 192.22, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 9, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d7 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.2, | |
| "melting_point": 2719, | |
| "boiling_point": 4701, | |
| "density": 22.56, | |
| "atomic_radius": 136, | |
| "ionization_energy": 880, | |
| "electron_affinity": -151, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Smithson Tennant", | |
| "discovery_year": 1803 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 78, | |
| "symbol": "Pt", | |
| "name": "Platinum", | |
| "atomic_mass": 195.08, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 10, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.28, | |
| "melting_point": 2041.4, | |
| "boiling_point": 4098, | |
| "density": 21.46, | |
| "atomic_radius": 139, | |
| "ionization_energy": 870, | |
| "electron_affinity": -205, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Antonio de Ulloa", | |
| "discovery_year": 1735 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 79, | |
| "symbol": "Au", | |
| "name": "Gold", | |
| "atomic_mass": 196.97, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 11, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.54, | |
| "melting_point": 1337.33, | |
| "boiling_point": 3129, | |
| "density": 19.282, | |
| "atomic_radius": 144, | |
| "ionization_energy": 890.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -223, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 80, | |
| "symbol": "Hg", | |
| "name": "Mercury", | |
| "atomic_mass": 200.59, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Liquid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 12, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 2, | |
| "melting_point": 234.32, | |
| "boiling_point": 629.88, | |
| "density": 13.5336, | |
| "atomic_radius": 151, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1007.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1, +2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 81, | |
| "symbol": "Tl", | |
| "name": "Thallium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 204.38, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 13, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.62, | |
| "melting_point": 577, | |
| "boiling_point": 1746, | |
| "density": 11.85, | |
| "atomic_radius": 170, | |
| "ionization_energy": 589.4, | |
| "electron_affinity": -19, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "William Crookes", | |
| "discovery_year": 1861 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 82, | |
| "symbol": "Pb", | |
| "name": "Lead", | |
| "atomic_mass": 207.2, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 14, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.87, | |
| "melting_point": 600.61, | |
| "boiling_point": 2022, | |
| "density": 11.342, | |
| "atomic_radius": 146, | |
| "ionization_energy": 715.6, | |
| "electron_affinity": -35, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Ancient", | |
| "discovery_year": "Ancient" | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 83, | |
| "symbol": "Bi", | |
| "name": "Bismuth", | |
| "atomic_mass": 208.98, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 15, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.02, | |
| "melting_point": 544.7, | |
| "boiling_point": 1837, | |
| "density": 9.807, | |
| "atomic_radius": 148, | |
| "ionization_energy": 703, | |
| "electron_affinity": -91, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3, +5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Claude Francois Geoffroy", | |
| "discovery_year": 1753 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 84, | |
| "symbol": "Po", | |
| "name": "Polonium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 209, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 16, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4", | |
| "electronegativity": 2, | |
| "melting_point": 527, | |
| "boiling_point": 1235, | |
| "density": 9.32, | |
| "atomic_radius": 140, | |
| "ionization_energy": 812.1, | |
| "electron_affinity": -183, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Marie Curie", | |
| "discovery_year": 1898 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 85, | |
| "symbol": "At", | |
| "name": "Astatine", | |
| "atomic_mass": 210, | |
| "category": "Halogen", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 17, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5", | |
| "electronegativity": 2.2, | |
| "melting_point": 575, | |
| "boiling_point": 610, | |
| "density": 7, | |
| "atomic_radius": 150, | |
| "ionization_energy": 920, | |
| "electron_affinity": -270, | |
| "oxidation_states": "-1, +1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Dale R. Corson", | |
| "discovery_year": 1940 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 86, | |
| "symbol": "Rn", | |
| "name": "Radon", | |
| "atomic_mass": 222, | |
| "category": "Noble Gas", | |
| "phase": "Gas", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 6, | |
| "group": 18, | |
| "electron_config": "[Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": 202, | |
| "boiling_point": 211.3, | |
| "density": 0.00973, | |
| "atomic_radius": 150, | |
| "ionization_energy": 1037, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "0", | |
| "discovered_by": "Friedrich Ernst Dorn", | |
| "discovery_year": 1900 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 87, | |
| "symbol": "Fr", | |
| "name": "Francium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 223, | |
| "category": "Alkali Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 1, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 7s1", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.7, | |
| "melting_point": 300, | |
| "boiling_point": 950, | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 380, | |
| "electron_affinity": -44, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+1", | |
| "discovered_by": "Marguerite Perey", | |
| "discovery_year": 1939 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 88, | |
| "symbol": "Ra", | |
| "name": "Radium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 226, | |
| "category": "Alkaline Earth", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "s", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 2, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 0.9, | |
| "melting_point": 973, | |
| "boiling_point": 2010, | |
| "density": 5.5, | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 509.3, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Marie Curie", | |
| "discovery_year": 1898 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 89, | |
| "symbol": "Ac", | |
| "name": "Actinium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 227, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 3, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 6d1 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.1, | |
| "melting_point": 1323, | |
| "boiling_point": 3471, | |
| "density": 10.07, | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 499, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Friedrich Oskar Giesel", | |
| "discovery_year": 1899 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 90, | |
| "symbol": "Th", | |
| "name": "Thorium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 232.04, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 6d2 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 2115, | |
| "boiling_point": 5061, | |
| "density": 11.72, | |
| "atomic_radius": 179, | |
| "ionization_energy": 587, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Jons Jacob Berzelius", | |
| "discovery_year": 1829 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 91, | |
| "symbol": "Pa", | |
| "name": "Protactinium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 231.04, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.5, | |
| "melting_point": 1841, | |
| "boiling_point": 4300, | |
| "density": 15.37, | |
| "atomic_radius": 163, | |
| "ionization_energy": 568, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Kasimir Fajans", | |
| "discovery_year": 1913 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 92, | |
| "symbol": "U", | |
| "name": "Uranium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 238.03, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f3 6d1 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.38, | |
| "melting_point": 1405.3, | |
| "boiling_point": 4404, | |
| "density": 18.95, | |
| "atomic_radius": 156, | |
| "ionization_energy": 597.6, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4, +6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Martin Heinrich Klaproth", | |
| "discovery_year": 1789 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 93, | |
| "symbol": "Np", | |
| "name": "Neptunium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 237, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.36, | |
| "melting_point": 917, | |
| "boiling_point": 4273, | |
| "density": 20.45, | |
| "atomic_radius": 155, | |
| "ionization_energy": 604.5, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Edwin McMillan", | |
| "discovery_year": 1940 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 94, | |
| "symbol": "Pu", | |
| "name": "Plutonium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 244, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f6 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.28, | |
| "melting_point": 912.5, | |
| "boiling_point": 3501, | |
| "density": 19.84, | |
| "atomic_radius": 159, | |
| "ionization_energy": 584.7, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", | |
| "discovery_year": 1940 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 95, | |
| "symbol": "Am", | |
| "name": "Americium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 243, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f7 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1449, | |
| "boiling_point": 2880, | |
| "density": 13.69, | |
| "atomic_radius": 173, | |
| "ionization_energy": 578, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", | |
| "discovery_year": 1944 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 96, | |
| "symbol": "Cm", | |
| "name": "Curium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 247, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1613, | |
| "boiling_point": 3383, | |
| "density": 13.51, | |
| "atomic_radius": 174, | |
| "ionization_energy": 581, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", | |
| "discovery_year": 1944 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 97, | |
| "symbol": "Bk", | |
| "name": "Berkelium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 247, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f9 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1259, | |
| "boiling_point": 2900, | |
| "density": 14.79, | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 601, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", | |
| "discovery_year": 1949 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 98, | |
| "symbol": "Cf", | |
| "name": "Californium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 251, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f10 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1173, | |
| "boiling_point": 1743, | |
| "density": 15.1, | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 608, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Glenn T. Seaborg", | |
| "discovery_year": 1950 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 99, | |
| "symbol": "Es", | |
| "name": "Einsteinium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 252, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f11 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1133, | |
| "boiling_point": 1269, | |
| "density": 8.84, | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 619, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Albert Ghiorso", | |
| "discovery_year": 1952 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 100, | |
| "symbol": "Fm", | |
| "name": "Fermium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 257, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f12 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1800, | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 627, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Albert Ghiorso", | |
| "discovery_year": 1952 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 101, | |
| "symbol": "Md", | |
| "name": "Mendelevium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 258, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f13 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1100, | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 635, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Albert Ghiorso", | |
| "discovery_year": 1955 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 102, | |
| "symbol": "No", | |
| "name": "Nobelium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 259, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "f", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": "N/A", | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1100, | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 642, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2, +3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", | |
| "discovery_year": 1966 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 103, | |
| "symbol": "Lr", | |
| "name": "Lawrencium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 266, | |
| "category": "Actinide", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 3, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1", | |
| "electronegativity": 1.3, | |
| "melting_point": 1900, | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 470, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Albert Ghiorso", | |
| "discovery_year": 1961 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 104, | |
| "symbol": "Rf", | |
| "name": "Rutherfordium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 267, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 4, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 580, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+4", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", | |
| "discovery_year": 1964 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 105, | |
| "symbol": "Db", | |
| "name": "Dubnium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 268, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 5, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 665, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+5", | |
| "discovered_by": "Albert Ghiorso", | |
| "discovery_year": 1967 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 106, | |
| "symbol": "Sg", | |
| "name": "Seaborgium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 269, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 6, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 757, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+6", | |
| "discovered_by": "Albert Ghiorso", | |
| "discovery_year": 1974 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 107, | |
| "symbol": "Bh", | |
| "name": "Bohrium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 270, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 7, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 740, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+7", | |
| "discovered_by": "Peter Armbruster", | |
| "discovery_year": 1981 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 108, | |
| "symbol": "Hs", | |
| "name": "Hassium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 277, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 8, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 730, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+8", | |
| "discovered_by": "Peter Armbruster", | |
| "discovery_year": 1984 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 109, | |
| "symbol": "Mt", | |
| "name": "Meitnerium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 278, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 9, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 800, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+3", | |
| "discovered_by": "Peter Armbruster", | |
| "discovery_year": 1982 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 110, | |
| "symbol": "Ds", | |
| "name": "Darmstadtium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 281, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 10, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d8 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 900, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "Peter Armbruster", | |
| "discovery_year": 1994 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 111, | |
| "symbol": "Rg", | |
| "name": "Roentgenium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 282, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 11, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 1020, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "Peter Armbruster", | |
| "discovery_year": 1994 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 112, | |
| "symbol": "Cn", | |
| "name": "Copernicium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 285, | |
| "category": "Transition Metal", | |
| "phase": "Liquid", | |
| "block": "d", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 12, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 1155, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "+2", | |
| "discovered_by": "Sigurd Hofmann", | |
| "discovery_year": 1996 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 113, | |
| "symbol": "Nh", | |
| "name": "Nihonium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 286, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 13, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 707, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "RIKEN", | |
| "discovery_year": 2003 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 114, | |
| "symbol": "Fl", | |
| "name": "Flerovium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 289, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 14, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 832, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", | |
| "discovery_year": 1998 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 115, | |
| "symbol": "Mc", | |
| "name": "Moscovium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 290, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 15, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 538, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", | |
| "discovery_year": 2003 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 116, | |
| "symbol": "Lv", | |
| "name": "Livermorium", | |
| "atomic_mass": 293, | |
| "category": "Post-Transition", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 16, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 663, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", | |
| "discovery_year": 2000 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 117, | |
| "symbol": "Ts", | |
| "name": "Tennessine", | |
| "atomic_mass": 294, | |
| "category": "Halogen", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 17, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 736, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", | |
| "discovery_year": 2010 | |
| }, | |
| { | |
| "number": 118, | |
| "symbol": "Og", | |
| "name": "Oganesson", | |
| "atomic_mass": 294, | |
| "category": "Noble Gas", | |
| "phase": "Solid", | |
| "block": "p", | |
| "period": 7, | |
| "group": 18, | |
| "electron_config": "[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6", | |
| "electronegativity": "N/A", | |
| "melting_point": "N/A", | |
| "boiling_point": "N/A", | |
| "density": "N/A", | |
| "atomic_radius": "N/A", | |
| "ionization_energy": 839, | |
| "electron_affinity": 0, | |
| "oxidation_states": "N/A", | |
| "discovered_by": "Joint Institute for Nuclear Research", | |
| "discovery_year": 2002 | |
| } | |
| ] |