{ "documents": [ { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_0", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "t ,• i f j 11 f m } i m {|| if n i j 11 ?:»111 f f n H {* * *M1?! ? t *! ‘ {*!{M! f * *! * ’1 * i * * ■' t '5 •\" *> *fT* *\" • • ■ j Mill •Mil* ??1 Ml**\" 'M *1 -i ^i*if^inn|irTjnrTir**'!i ^ .i \nlliilltiuUUilillllltlll{ttil.niiiiliillli|iiii}(iiiiitiI)iliiililliniShlijiiii}i>iUihia|hiiili|i8|iilii»« CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nquick recourse to another when the first has ceased to \ncharm. Physicians are familiar with the type of patient \nwho is an ardent devotee in turn of one and another of \nthe guild, so long as the services rendered imply a flatter¬ \ning attention. In the higher, more intellectual types of \nhystericals, the personalized appeal, which is the indis¬ \npensable factor in the hysterical response, is attained \nthrough the injection of personality into opinions and con¬ \nduct, whether trivial or important. The hysterical bias \ncompels an interest not in opinions but in their adherence \nand adherents.", "chunk_index": 880, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_881", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The hysterical interest is not in the fact \nthat the road is the right one, but in the fact that he (or \nshe) has discovered it, recognized it, charted it, espoused \nit. Any opposition to such a view is resented as a slight \nto the holder; and the contentious frame of mind results. \nThe point is mentioned as an example of a diagnostic re¬ \nfinement. The pompous vanity of Malvolio invites the ir¬ \nreverence of the practical joker; the waywardness of \nKatharine is treated diplomatically, considerately, though \nfirmly. For the self-confidence of not yet disillusioned \nyouth, or the buoyancy of exuberant health and spirits, or \nthe foolish extravagance of vanity, may lead to a self¬ \nassertiveness superficially similar, but in its affiliations of \norigin quite distinct from the subtle and insidious self- \nassertions of the hysterical trend.", "chunk_index": 881, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 848, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_882", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "More generally stated, \nthe similarity of symptoms is but an imperfect evidence of \ncommunity of source—either of community in the near al¬ \nliance of temperament, or even of a common temperamental \norigin. The play of education may establish traits in com¬ \nmanding strength; to distinguish between the natural and \nthe nurtural expression is the problem of psychological wis¬ \ndom; and to this end their differentiation through their \npathologically divergent issues is an instructive means. \nFrom this diagnostic excursion we turn to the varieties \nof expression of the self-assertive trends in their approaches \nto the abnormal. The megalomania of general paralysis \nABNORMAL TENDENCIES OF MIND 355 \nrepresents the extreme picture of the complex: self-asser¬ \ntion run riot, the world of fact disregarded, the subjective \ndelusion of grandeur enthroned supreme amidst ruins.", "chunk_index": 882, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_883", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A \nslight disarrangement of the balanced forces of self-asser¬ \ntion and self-control and irresponsible favorable excitement \nmay bring about a similar issue; intoxication answers to \nthe formula. That the excited brain reacts by an over- \nstimulated sense of importance, with a royal disdain for the \ndisillusionments of reality, and a tendency to unrestrained \nindulgence, is shown by the action of certain drugs. In the \ninitial stages of alcoholic intoxication, elation, expansion, \nrelease of restraint are common symptoms. The intoxica¬ \ntion may result in a confident, foolish or coarse boasting, or \nin a maudlin appeal for sympathy, or a ludicrous exhibition \nof self-importance, or the mere suppression of ordinary re¬ \nstraint and propriety.", "chunk_index": 883, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 752, "length_words": 112 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_884", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Mescal, affecting the sensory phases \nof excitation, imparts added values of color, and makes \ncommon scenes partake of an illusory glory; hashish \nglorifies by expanding the self-feelings, but distorts and \nmakes irresponsible as well [21] ; while other drugs have \nbeen sought by primitive and no less by civilized men as an \neasy road to an earthly paradise. The temptation of the \ndrug—when not that of a release from dull routine or care \nor pain—is the invitation to reach the values of expansive \nexaltation of one order or another; that stages of depletion \nand abject misery at times follow upon the excitement, is \naccepted as part of the cost. \nTo present “megalomania” in action requires the co¬ \noperation of circumstances to make the intoxication or the \ndream come true; it requires a social environment which \nmakes it possible to carry out the expanded ideas.", "chunk_index": 884, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 876, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_885", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Yet the \ntendency that leads to their manifestation is of the same or¬ \nder, whether occurring within the walls of the asylum or in \nthe world without. To present it on the extravagant scale \nof a madman’s fancy implies that the organization of so¬ \nciety permits the madman to exercise his abnormal will. \n356 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \n“The insanity of power’’ is Dr. Ireland’s phrase for the \nissue: “Unrestrained power always tends toward abuse. \nIndeed, save to some rare and fine natures, the luxury of \npower consists in its abuse.” He cites the examples of \ncertain of the Claudian-Julian family among the Roman \nemperors, recounts the career of Mohammed Toglak, Sultan \nof India, of Ivan the Terrible of Russia, and other lesser \ninstances of the growth of the megalomaniac tendencies \nwhen the means to satisfy their cravings are at command.", "chunk_index": 885, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 851, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_886", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Cruelty, the passionate joy in the pain and torture of \nothers, selfish indulgence of debauchery and notably of \nsexual lust, the subjection in others that reflects the slavish \nfear of personal power—the pomp, glitter and all the added \nsensationalism of extravagance, magnificence, and bigness: \nthese minister to the sense of power which seems prone to \nrevert, if circumstances permit, to the more primitive, \nbarbaric satisfactions. In later days, as instanced in Lud¬ \nwig of Bavaria, the exuberance takes the more sanctioned \nform of a passion for elaborate architectural constructions, \nof financial extravagance, and of reckless pursuit of per¬ \nsonal impulse. It is clear that in such instances the mani¬ \nfestation proceeds upon the neurotic or insane tendencies of \nthe royal victim. \nThe temperamental trait thus expressed is a common fail¬ \ning. Its expressions are naturally less notable, less ex¬ \ntreme, less public.", "chunk_index": 886, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_887", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That the exercise of authority is \nfraught with the danger of excess indicates that it appeals \nto the earlier impulses more readily than to the more re¬ \ncently organized restraints. It seems more apt to bring \nforth cruelty than philanthropy, the joy of control than the \nsatisfaction of larger opportunity of service. The benefi¬ \ncent despot may not be a myth; but despotism stands psy¬ \nchologically closer to the wanton use of power than to \nbeneficence. The tyrant is a typical figure in the social \nstruggle for freedom. The political boss, the bully, the \ntaskmaster, the holders of authority and the abusers of \nABNORMAL TENDENCIES OF MIND 357 \nprivilege represent the same common temperamental lia¬ \nbility, despite the altered expressions which circumstances \ncreate. Masterful captains of industry, domineering com¬ \nmercial magnates, ambitious politicians, seek common sat¬ \nisfactions in the exercise of control, in the command of \ndeference and obedience.", "chunk_index": 887, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_888", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Wealth, retinues, harems, \nlackeys, slaves, estates, are but different embodiments of \nthe sense of importance. The satisfactions which they yield \nmay be wholly legitimate; but like public adulation which \nmay turn one’s head, in the absence of steadying traits \nthey grow to a proportion and develop expressions allied \nto the abnormal. It is the purpose of society to direct and \ncontrol the outward signs of self-esteem—dress, ceremony, \nhonors, orders, titles, or whatever the form assumed—so as \nto satisfy a legitimate self-elevation without encroachment \nupon the self-esteem of others, without fostering the extreme \npursuit of the self-assertive trend. That such aims and ex¬ \npressions may readily overstep themselves and in their ac¬ \nquired hold combine to produce a “money” madness, \n“power” madness, “ambition” madness, is as natural as \nis the place of their underlying emotional trends in the \npsychology of the ordinary range of the insanities.", "chunk_index": 888, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_889", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The conception thus set forth may be extended to include \nan undue susceptibility, a disproportionate and unre¬ \nstrained yielding to a trait or Trieb. The basis of the yield¬ \ning is temperamental; and this gives the hypertrophied \ntrait a consistent psychic setting—something more than the \naspect of a detached vice or accidental fault of training. \nA further extension reaches the domain in which the varie¬ \nties of excess are at once of native and of readjusted status; \nthey form composite excesses and disproportions of trends, \nshading into vices, faults, foibles.", "chunk_index": 889, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 573, "length_words": 90 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_890", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The love-passion becomes \na love-madness; severance of the attachment to home brings \no.n an attack of nostalgia (homesickness) ; the pleasures of \nthe imagination lead to extreme romancing and a conse¬ \nquent feeble adjustment to the realities of life; combined \n358 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nwith the will to prevail it may lead to lying and decep¬ \ntion; curiosity, normally useful, may by the accent of the \nsensational become morbid; belief, the steady guide of con¬ \nduct, may in superstition or credulity become its enemy; \nconscience, useful in curbing impulse, may end in narrow \nor even cruel fanaticism. Any of the primal passions may \nbecome a lust or an obsession; any of the dominant re¬ \ndirected impulses, answering a worthy purpose in life’s de¬ \nmands, may grow to abnormal proportion. The loss of the \nsense of ‘proportion becomes the general practical abnormal \nliability. By contrast, the normal ideal is a just balance \nof impulse, a due proportion of opposed qualities.", "chunk_index": 890, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_891", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "This is \nan ancient and a favorite view. If carried to its literal \nissue the conception would seem to lead to an amorphous, \nfeatureless, characterless personality. This danger is un¬ \nreal, though the commonplace abounds. Natures are in¬ \nevitably specialized; and the temperament, however seem¬ \ningly neutral, continues to give distinctive values to the \ncommon factors of personal equations; the powers by which \nwe live continue to reflect the powers that we bring to life. \nThe inherent variations of men and the variations of their \nvicissitudes bring forward fortes and weaknesses, stresses \nand strains. The normal is not a bare plateau, but a rich \nundulating contour providing for a varied topography. \nBalance remains a positive virtue, and the unbalanced \ntrend a real liability. \nAn abnormal liability of a different order is that of de¬ \ngeneracy [22] and perversion; its expressions appear in \nthe faulty adjustment of qualities just reviewed.", "chunk_index": 891, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_892", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A per¬ \nverted impulse attaches an emotion to a false object, or— \nwhich is the same thing—reacts to a situation which would \nnormally arouse one emotion by its opposite. It converts \nattraction to recoil, and cherishes the normally feared or \navoided; more broadly, it substitutes pain for pleasure or \npleasure for pain. It is pertinent to recall the principle \nthat the complete esthetic effect combines stimulation and \nABNORMAL TENDENCIES OF MIND 35 9 \nsatisfaction; lacking the former, experience is dull; lacking \nthe latter, it is undesirable. The factors mingle; the one \nmay overcome the other; the interest of the unpleasant may \nbe preferred to the dullness of the neutral. Fear and \nfascination combine; curiosity holds, while disgust fails to \ndrive away; sensations remain interesting even when far \nfrom pleasurable; it is tempting to touch a sore spot, to \nfeel the tingle of the pain.", "chunk_index": 892, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_893", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Even sorrow and distress carry \nthe wave of interest: “Die Wonne des Leides.” In the \nprimary realm of sense-satisfaction a similar relation ob¬ \ntains ; it takes but a slight prominence of either quality to \ndetermine the response. In food-preferences the same \nflavor attracts one and offends another; tastes may be ac¬ \nquired, as one grows to like by its piquancy the flavor that \nat first is merely unpleasant. Yet the variation has its \nlimits; it is in the overstepping of these limits that the \nabnormal tendency consists. In certain forms of insanity \nthe ordinarily repulsive becomes attractive; filth gives a \nmorbid pleasure; and things are eaten that would be utterly \nrepugnant to a normal appetite. It is, however, in the \nrange of emotionalized impulses that the realm of perver¬ \nsion is more characteristic. The sex-relation is liable to \nperverted expressions of varied type [23].", "chunk_index": 893, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 899, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_894", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The attach¬ \nment of homo-sexuality shows the infusion of one form of \nattraction with the expression and the range of impulses of \nanother. Mere intensity of reaction or recoil may deter¬ \nmine the abnormal trend; the misogynist among men, the \ntemperamental spinster among women, are different repre¬ \nsentatives of a factor in the sex-complex that is overstated. \nThe cruelty practiced by children with a slight nervous \ntaint is a bondage to sensationalism of a primitive order, \nwhich the appeal of sympathetic considerations is power¬ \nless to oppose. Perversion and degeneracy are allied to \nthe imperfection of development and retardation of growth, \nin which, as a fact, they are most commonly symptoms. \nViewed more generally, the liability lies in the dominant \n360 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ngrowth of the lower brain-centers and the imperfect de¬ \nvelopment of those of later origin and of controlling func¬ \ntion in every complex existence.", "chunk_index": 894, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_895", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In feeble-mindedness the \nlower passions, bound up with biologically ancient nerve- \ncenters, assert themselves, while the restraining higher cen¬ \nters are incapable of education. A great mass of criminal¬ \nity is rooted in this condition. The born criminal is tem¬ \nperamentally disposed not to crime, but to strength of \nprimitive impulse, and is temperamentally handicapped by \nthe feebleness of control and of susceptibility to training; \nthus weakly armed and set in a complex environment he \nturns to crime as the easiest way. The criminal by acci¬ \ndent represents the limit of strain in the same relations. \nIn both cases the environment counts heavily; for the pat¬ \nterns of conduct offered in the conditions and opportuni¬ \nties of social and of anti-social expression, engage a similar \nrange of qualities; their direction may be moral or im¬ \nmoral.", "chunk_index": 895, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_896", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The natural attraction of immoral action has its \nsource in the common liabilities of primary impulses to de¬ \ngenerate to their earlier, cruder expression and satisfac¬ \ntions. The taint of criminality remains a liability of \nheredity; its relation to insanity, its predisposition in al¬ \ncoholism, its sexual complications, set it in its actual com¬ \nplex; yet the importance of the environment places the \nproblem of the criminal more properly in the realm of social \npsychology. Criminality as an abnormal tendency is ger¬ \nmane to the present argument as an illustration of the com¬ \nposite issue of defect (arrested development) and unbalance \n(hereditary taint) and unfortunate environment (poverty \nand vice of the slums). It sets forth from another angle \nand a practically significant one, the place of a psychologi¬ \ncal interpretation of the liabilities of character and the con¬ \nsequent direction in such light, of the processes of social \ncontrol [24].", "chunk_index": 896, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_897", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A further aspect of deviation, pertinent to interpretation \nof character and temperament, is that of the social bear- \nABNORMAL TENDENCIES OF MIND 361 \nings of individual abnormality, concentrated in the sense \nof being different, and thus falling short of full participa¬ \ntion in standards, activities, competition of the normal- \nminded, the normally endowed. The very presence of de¬ \nviation brings with it—and in large measure in conscious \nterms—a psychological handicap which is in part deter¬ \nmined by the environmental standards. Dwarfs and \nhunchbacks, even the very short and the very tall, have \ntheir psychology altered, not merely by difficulty of adap¬ \ntation, but by the conspicuousness of their divergence from \nthe physical norm, which so readily becomes the social \nnorm. In cases of deformity the concessions and sympathy \nextended readily make sensitive or depress, and lead to \navoidance of society and to the occupations best carried on \nin solitude.", "chunk_index": 897, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_898", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The emotional psychology of Cyrano de Ber¬ \ngerac is profoundly affected by the presence of an abnor¬ \nmally large nose. Clearly issues of this order may in small \npart follow directly from the deviation or defect—like the \nlimitations of pursuit open to the blind, or the lame, or the \nstuttering, or the abnormally shy—but are reflected from \nthe social environment back upon the development of the \npersonality. As normality is the possession of the full \ncomplement of endowment in fair measure, so abnormality \nattaches to conspicuous deviations of any order. In the \nconception is included the normal reactions to the social \nenvironment, which are either primarily or derivatively dis¬ \nturbed in the cases just cited. Social conspicuousness, how¬ \never gained or supported, induces a like effect. Kings and \nprinces, born and bred to privilege, do not lead normal lives; \nthe wielding of unusual power or authority, a constant pub¬ \nlicity, notoriety of any order, is a strain on normality.", "chunk_index": 898, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_899", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The annals of royal houses, the history of dictatorship, large \nor small, the deterioration ensuing upon a domineering sway \nof power, the loss of a sense of proportion due to extreme \npopularity, the assumptions of the nouveaux riches—all re¬ \nflect the uncertain poise of character, under too violent, too \n362 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nsudden, too extreme change of environment, or too strong \ndeparture from its usual support or corrective. Conversely, \nany marked exclusion from social privilege, a social ostra¬ \ncism, such as race-prejudice, may profoundly alter the char¬ \nacter as well as set up obstacles in the paths of expression. \nNo differently the sense of guilt, of suspicion, of a slur upon \nthe reputation, may tend to abnormality; the released con¬ \nvict, and he who regards every man’s hand against him—the \nsocial pariah—suffers a distortion of qualities that come \nwithin the conception of social abnormality.", "chunk_index": 899, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 932, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_900", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Such sense of \nsocial exclusion is complicated in some cases with individual \ntaint, yet in others—as in the victims of racial or social \nprejudice—grows out of institutional forces of similar im¬ \nport. \nThis survey of the abnormal tendencies of mind, how¬ \never eclectic and inadequate, cannot fail to suggest the \nintimacy of relation between the normal and the abnormal \nissues of temperament and the resulting types of responsive¬ \nness which compose the varieties of character. The assets \nand the liabilities of human quality are bound by a com¬ \nmon root in the psychology of humanity. The very pos¬ \nsibility of development to the maximum of use exposes to \nthe risk of abuse; hypertrophy and defect, overgrowth and \nundergrowth, and the varied distortions of maladjustment \nserve to convey a sense of the complication of processes \nwhich must be reasonably consolidated, and consistently as \nwell as cooperatively amalgamated, to establish a normally \nadjusted individual.", "chunk_index": 900, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_901", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Specializations, introduced by the \nemphases of nature, invite anomaly and deviation, as in \nturn when developed and applied they are built upon the \nqualities of temperamental origin. In such variation lies a \nquality of value, possibly of supreme value. It comes for¬ \nward in the conception of the genius as at once a rare spe¬ \ncialized variant and as a deviation near allied to madness \na common risk but a wholly different issue. The concep¬ \ntion is in one sense legitimate and well substantiated by \nABNORMAL TENDENCIES OF MIND 363 \nthe findings. More practically and more generally stated, \nit reminds a public, inclined to uniformities and to an im¬ \npatience with departure therefrom, that qualities cost and \nmust be paid for upon whatever terms nature demands. \nThe risk of deviation is a venture; its success or failure may \nmark the dividing line of genius and insanity.", "chunk_index": 901, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 885, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_902", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The qualities associated with the production of genius \nare conditioned by the same liabilities that come into ex¬ \npression in the insanities—the same tendency to excessive \nsensibility, the same entanglements of purpose, the same \nabsorption in the realm of the imagination, the same handi¬ \ncaps to the ordinary ranges of practical adjustment, the \nsame individual perspective of outlook and interest, the \nsame protest and disregard of the conventional restraints \nand satisfactions, the same sporadic and irregular asser¬ \ntion of impulse. In all such deviation lies the potency of \nhigh value no less than of futility. The vagaries of \npaianoia and the flights of genius have a common source \nas well as a common risk. Indeed without a small meas¬ \nure of this order of mental venture, of this trend toward \noiiginality and departure, the normal mind cannot reach \nits maximum of potency.", "chunk_index": 902, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 894, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_903", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In this sense no one is hopelessly \nsane irrevocably bound to routine responsiveness, immune \nto all inspiration, fated to a bare, regular, simple treadmill \nroutine of conduct. The spontaneity of childhood is as \nmarked as its suggestibility; it expresses the native initia¬ \ntive, all too promptly absorbed in the conventionalized ad¬ \njustments demanded by a prescribed and regulated exist¬ \nence. The liability to deviation is itself a possible asset. \nThe bare avoidance of the abnormal does not constitute nor¬ \nmality, which consists more truly in the acceptance of the \nventure and in the balanced capacity to adjust conduct at \nonce to the limitations of capacity and the vicissitudes of \ncareer. In such adjustment the part of the abnormal is to \nbe considered as a beacon pointing to the dangers of the \nroute, yet marking the desirable havens of the enterprise.", "chunk_index": 903, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 873, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_904", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "364 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nThe dual aspect has given rise to the conception of genius as \na high order of ordinary talent—the common qualities writ \nlarge, the infinite capacity for taking pains—and to the \nconception of it as a rare and irregular exotic growth, prone \nto wayward expression, transcending the bounds of human \nlimitation in an approach to the superman. A survey of \nthe abnormal tendencies of mind reconciles the two views \nby relating them to the assets and liabilities of temperament \nand character. \nCHAPTER VII \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS \nThe individual is to be considered as the concrete issue \nof a cumulative series of influences converging in special \nvariety, measure, and distribution in his heredity and cir¬ \ncumstance.", "chunk_index": 904, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 758, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_905", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the broader view his individuality is slight; \nthe series of influences determining his “nature” and con¬ \nduct determine in comparable manner the “nature” and \nconduct of others of close and remote kinship and of similar \nsocial condition. The psychology of human differences is \nas directly concerned with the larger communities of qual¬ \nity as with their slighter variations. In terms of original \nnature, the traits shared are more significant than the varia¬ \ntions expressing individual differences. The original com¬ \nmunity persists through the revaluation and specialization \nof traits introduced by social encouragements and discour¬ \nagements. Civilization gives added values to selected \n(small) differences of quality; it does not create the traits \nthus cherished and fostered. Nature proves to be anterior \nas well as superior to nurture. The group-traits involved \nin a common nature, by virtue of a common heredity, re¬ \nmain the directive ones.", "chunk_index": 905, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 966, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_906", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The difficulty lies in determining which are presump¬ \ntively natural, which nurtural group-traits, or in what \nmanner a natural trait has been redirected by nurture, or \nreenforced, or opposed. Racial and national heritage, im¬ \nmediate ancestry, cultural emphasis, artificial selection, fa¬ \nvoring opportunities, stand as momentous but indefinite \nforces in the concrete issue.", "chunk_index": 906, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 380, "length_words": 53 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_907", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "They make uncertain the re¬ \nconstruction or detection of the traits which an American \n366 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \n“ John Smith” of the present generation owes to his direct \nfamily history, to his eighteenth- or seventeenth-centnry \nPuritan ancestry, to his remoter Anglo-Saxon heritage, to \nthe primitive North European hordes that asserted their \nenergies and capacities to prevail above the Romanic civili¬ \nzation which they replaced and in part absorbed, to the \ngeneric ethnological group of the genus homo of which, in \nturn, they formed but one subdivision; and no less so, of \nthe traits which he displays in consequence of his Ameri¬ \ncanization, his transplanted Westernism in one or more \nremoves from or toward frontierdom, his occupational \nbent, his democratic ideals, his political affiliations, his so¬ \ncial training, his educational opportunities, his class inter¬ \nests, his absorption and reflection of the “spirit” of the \nday.", "chunk_index": 907, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_908", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "And “John Smith” is a type of a composite group \nto which leaders of men, or we in our special interests \nappeal when we aim to influence the collective “John \nSmith’s” conduct—his vote, his views, his ventures, his \nactivities, his diversions, his social efforts, his ‘ ‘ public ’ ’ sen¬ \ntiments, his taste in dress, decoration, music, drama, lit¬ \nerature. The more closely we approach the individual \n“John Smith,” the larger the play of condition which con¬ \nstitutes the presentative life of the individual as of the \ngroup to which he belongs, and absorbs as well as liberates \nindividuality. Traditions are strong, but yield to circum¬ \nstance ; modern life equalizes and promptly brings into se¬ \nlective rivalry the products of distant and foreign cultures. \nRacial and national trends are mixed by intermarriage, as \ncultures are mingled by intercourse and contact in the \nmelting-pot of humanity, making of it a cauldron of human \nqualities.", "chunk_index": 908, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 953, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_909", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the nearer perspective the historian and the \nsociologist undertake the interpretation of the forces that \nmold the individual and the group. In the background \nstand the sources and relations of natural group-traits, \nyielding a psychological basis of interpretation. \nThere is but one supreme natural differentiation—that \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 367 \nof sex. If there is any distinctive group-psychology, it \nmust be that of the group of men and the group of women. \nFor men and women are organically different; which means \nthat the physiological differentiation in the reproductive \nsystem involves a contrasted psychology, involves differen¬ \ntiated modes of adjustment, of near and remote relation \nto the original requirements of divergent natural function. \nThe resulting differences are the derivative group-traits of \nsex.", "chunk_index": 909, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 843, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_910", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "There are also further degrees and manners of dif¬ \nferentiation, secondary ranges of contrasted quality in men \nand women, growing out of the primary mental differences, \nlikewise to be regarded as derivative sex-traits. Such later \nproducts are strongly affected by environment, convention, \ntradition, collectively as effective as original nature. Sec¬ \nondary, tertiary, and yet more remotely derivative sex- \ntraits appear and attain large significance for the actual \nsituations. In principle they represent a transformation \nof by-products of group-traits through the influences of nur¬ \nture. \nWe may follow the range of original and derived sex- \ndifferences by the aid of the clews to their expression. \nFirst is the bodily clew. Strictly interpreted, the primary \nsex-traits refer to the reproductive system alone; the term \nmay be extended to include the female mammalian func¬ \ntions from which the order takes its name.", "chunk_index": 910, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_911", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "All others are \nsecondary, or more remotely derivative bodily traits and \nextend to anatomical (and physiological) details: size, the \nskeletal basis of strength, proportion of frame to muscle, \ncontrast of metabolism, specific sex-demarcations—such as \nthe beard in man—variations large and small in structure \nand associated function. “A man is a man even to his \nthumbs, and a woman is a woman down to her little toes. ’ ’ \nSecond is the genetic clew of development. The term \n“infantilism” summarizes the traits characteristic of im¬ \nmature, constructive stages of growth; “senility” sum¬ \nmarizes the traits characteristic of the completing, disin- \n368 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ntegrating stages. The feminine traits approach the former, \nthe masculine the latter. Variability is significant, and \nrepresents a closer adherence to, or freer departure from \nthe type-traits.", "chunk_index": 911, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 881, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_912", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "This becomes a momentous distinction; \nit leads to a conforming stereotyped expression (female), \nor a bent for creative and divergent expression (male) \na conservatism or a liberalism of constitution. \nThird is the communal clew. The structures and func¬ \ntions of the two sexes are comprehensively similar; sex does \nnot monopolize function, though it may dominate; even \nthe distinctive sex-features of each sex are found in unde¬ \nveloped form in the other. Supplementary to the fact that \nmen and women are predominantly human and subject to \nlike, yet not identical conditions of growth, maturity, varia¬ \ntion, and disease, every man exhibits feminine traits, and \nevery woman masculine traits. In the derivative sense \nmasculinity and femininity, though primarily divergent, \nare variable in the degree of divergence—in the extent to \nwhich the divergent is assertive above the communal.", "chunk_index": 912, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 895, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_913", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Com¬ \nbined with the genetic clew, this principle emphasizes the \ngreater community of traits in immaturity, before sex-dif¬ \nferentia are fully developed. \nFourth is the clew of physiological expression. Of this \nthe mode of work is typical: the greater strength of man \nleads to a less constant output of more intense energy in \nhigh-tension spurts; woman works by more constant out¬ \nput of energy of lesser strain. The contrast reflects the \ncatabolic (spending) and anabolic, (saving) tendencies of \nthe metabolism, and is but one of a group of differences, \ncumulative and commanding. It occupies a transitional \nplace between the bodily clew, and \nFifth, the clew of psychological expression; this has the \nlargest range, and for present purposes, the largest inter¬ \nest. It embraces the entire compass of human psychology.", "chunk_index": 913, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 831, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_914", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It relates to fundamental differences of sensibility and ac¬ \ntion—of the intellectual regulation and its resources in the \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 369 \nnervous system—and to all that is directive and distinctive \nof the psychic process and product, first in primitive situa¬ \ntions and later in primitive orders of expression. Deriva¬ \ntive traits of mind become more significant and prac¬ \ntically important as the situations move away from the \nprimary conditions in which natural demands are insistent, \nand all traits, among them those of sex, come to stand more \nlargely upon their secondary issues and employments. \nSixth, the environmental clew refers to the reenforcement, \nor suppression, of traits by the environment. The en¬ \nvironment is in the first instance the natural habitat, and \nlife is a primitive adjustment to it; secondarily, there de¬ \nvelops the transformed environment, largely of artificial \norder.", "chunk_index": 914, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_915", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Yet the earlier demands and forms of adjustment \npersist in type, though not in detail. The environment \ncomes to be more distinctively psychological than biological \nor physical. Severe environmental conditions throw the \nemphasis of traits back upon primary natural trends; freer, \nricher, transformed situations give play and import to the \nacquired characteristics. \nSeventh is the pathological clew. The liabilities to dis¬ \norder are to be reckoned among the vicissitudes of growth \nand life. The issue appears in the different susceptibility \n—and characteristically for the several periods of life—• \nto disorders, to organic deviations and functional faults; in \ndifferent liabilities in succumbing to the stress and strains \nof living; in different risks of accident and disturbance of \neconomy, including especially the mental economy.", "chunk_index": 915, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 846, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_916", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Sus¬ \nceptibility to mental defect and exaggeration, to disorder \nand loss of balance, are significant in the individual and in \nthe pathology of the social life. In these several directions \nit is evident that men and women differ comprehensively \nand significantly. The typical differences constitute the \nprimary and the more important secondary, or more re¬ \nmotely derivative and favored group-traits of sex [1]. \nA marked contrast is that of strength: men are half \n370 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nagain as strong, even twice as strong, as women. Men are \nnearly five inches (eight per cent.) taller than women. \nThe larger and differently shaped pelvis—“long, narrow \nand strongly built” in men; “broad, relatively shallow and \ndelicately made” in women—is the most “conspicuous and \nunchangeable of all the bony, human, secondary characters, \nand approaches the status of a primary character.", "chunk_index": 916, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 899, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_917", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Asso¬ \nciated therewith is the larger thigh and greater distance be¬ \ntween the origins of the thigh-bones in women. The \nproportion of the members of the body is distinctive: the \nhead and trunk longer in women; the neck, legs and arms \nlonger in men. “Man’s bony prominences are usually \nmore conspicuous, and his muscles are everywhere more \nclearly defined”; in women the muscles “are softly encased \nin abundant connective tissue which makes them less obvi¬ \nous.” The fuller, rounder outlines of women appear in the \ndistinctly larger proportion of fat to muscle. The meas¬ \nured differences in size and proportion of hand and foot, \neven of fingers and toes, extend the structural details.", "chunk_index": 917, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 696, "length_words": 113 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_918", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Dif¬ \nferences in the skull—apart from size as related to height, \nand of thickness and muscular prominences as related to \nstrength—are difficult to formulate—though with excep¬ \ntions, such as the prominence of the glabella in men; yet \nthe fact that skulls reveal sex by a composite judgment of \nmeasurements and appearance, wTith a reasonable margin \nfor error, indicates the reality of the differences. The rela¬ \ntive size of the brain in men and women involves the bodily \nproportion; the brain-mass is a minor and not a major \nindex of the efficiency of that organ. ‘4 The superiority in \nbrain mass, so far as it exists, is on the woman’s side; this, \nhowever, implies no intellectual superiority, but is merely \na characteristic of short people and children ’ ’; the skull \ncompletes its growth earlier in women.", "chunk_index": 918, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 822, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_919", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The more primary \nstructural contrasts relate to provisions for reproduction, \nthe secondary to derivative modifications associated with \nthem in the resulting adjustment to the mode of life. \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 371 \nA notable physiological trait is the greater specializa¬ \ntion of the male toward action. “While the man’s form \nseems to be instinctively seeking action, the woman’s falls \nnaturally into a state of comparative repose.” This con¬ \ntrast when extended makes the central physiological trait \nof the female to store, to save, to be anabolic in con¬ \nstitution; and that of the male to expend, to react with \nvigor, to be catabolic. The mode of the circulation as well \nas blood-tests reenforce this conclusion, associating “a high \nspecific gravity, red corpuscles, plentiful hemoglobin” with \nthe catabolic constitution of man. The supporting physi¬ \nological mechanisms indicate a similar adjustment.", "chunk_index": 919, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_920", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "“The \nlung capacity of women is less, and they consume less \noxygen and produce less carbonic acid than men of equal \nweight, although the number of respirations is slightly \nhigher than in man. On this account women suffer depriva¬ \ntion of air more easily than men.” “A comparison of the \nwaste-products of the body and of the quantity of the ma¬ \nterials consumed in the metabolic process indicates a rela¬ \ntively larger consumption of energy by man” (Thomas). \nThe more obscure internal economy yields additional data. \nPigmentation and the growth of hair are conspicuous; \nwomen have more abundant as well as darker hair than \nmen, and darker eyes, but fairer skin. The thyroid gland is \nabsolutely larger in women than in men, and relatively \nlarge in childhood; disease thereof—notably goiter—is more \ncommon in women. The action of the gland is con¬ \nnected with intense emotional disturbances of the order \nof terror and fear.", "chunk_index": 920, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_921", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The association of voice with sex \nis a typical issue: it appears in the peculiar transforma¬ \ntion of voice at puberty—far more marked in the male \n—in the greater length of the vocal cords in men, in \nthe better development of larynx and voice in civilized \nraces, in the relation of quality of voice to breeding. \n“The thoracic organs somewhat predominate in men, and \nthe abdominal in women”; the strength of men depends \n372 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \non the cooperation of heart and lungs. The ancient asso¬ \nciation of (male) courage with the breast and (female) \ncompassion with the bowels is suggestive. \nThe distinctive pathological liabilities of the sexes are \nindicated generally in the greater longevity of women.", "chunk_index": 921, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 727, "length_words": 118 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_922", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Re¬ \nlated thereto is the well established greater disvulnerability \nof women; which means that they endure surgical opera¬ \ntions better, are more tolerant of pain and illness and \nphysiological maladjustment, resist physiological accident \nand invasion more successfully than men. Such tolerance \nis shown by surgical records, statistics of recovery from dis¬ \nease, observation of behavior under illness, endurance of \nprison regime, relative freedom from suicide (three men \nto one woman) and particularly from suicide due to misery \nand want (seven to ten times as frequent among men).", "chunk_index": 922, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 590, "length_words": 87 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_923", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For specific diseases (apart from a large common suscepti¬ \nbility, and apart from diseases peculiar to the reproductive \nsystem and its liabilities), the facts support the statement \nthat there are many (cases of) diseases common in chil¬ \ndren and women and relatively rare in men, and many \n(cases of) diseases rare in children and women and com¬ \nmon in men; but only few cases in which the converse \nrelation obtains. Woman’s liability approaches an “in¬ \nfantile diathesis.” The masculine and feminine strengths \nand weaknesses of function are consistent secondary is¬ \nsues of the divergent anatomy and physiology of sex. \nThe nervous system participates in a decisive manner in \nthe secondary sex-traits; the abnormal there represents an \naccentuation of inherent tendencies—a liability of the nat¬ \nural endowment to succumb to stress of condition.", "chunk_index": 923, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 857, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_924", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \ngreater liability of men to gross lesions and degenerative \nchanges of the nervous system is established, and equally \nthe greater occurrence among women of lesser functional \ndisorders, particularly of the type involving emotional in¬ \nstability and deficient expressional control. Until within \nrecent years and among the most civilized communities, in- \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 378 \nsanity as a whole has been more prevalent among men; \nwomen continue to show a larger percentage of recovery, \nas also a slightly greater tendency to relapse. The types \nof disorder to which each sex particularly succumbs are \nsignificant. Chorea, with its strongly emotionalized motor \nincoordination, in many ways paralleling the symptoms of \nexcessive fright, is a characteristic liability of nervous, ado¬ \nlescent girls, but is far less common in boys. Hysteria, as \nits etymology implies, was originally recognized as a femi¬ \nnine disorder.", "chunk_index": 924, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_925", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It remains the typically feminine form of \nfunctional nervous liability; its psychological complexity \nentitles it to the fuller consideration accorded in the pre¬ \nceding chapter. Speaking broadly, states of melancholic \ndepression are more common in women, as are also ex¬ \nplosive states of maniacal outbreak; but the differences in \nthe mode of expressing such mental unbalance is equally \ndistinctive. Dementia precox—a characteristic disorder of \nearly adult life—is consistently more common in women, \nand presents different types in men and women; so that \na differential diagnosis shows one variety dominating in \nmen and another in women. \nAmong the typically masculine insanities is general \nparalysis.", "chunk_index": 925, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 713, "length_words": 103 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_926", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Its early stages parallel the symptoms of alco¬ \nholic intoxication: tremor of speech and movement, coarse¬ \nness of expression, uncertainty of sensory action, and free \nindulgence of expansive thought; it develops quickly to the \nlater stages with paralytic symptoms, illusions of grandeur, \nloss of control, and a generally disordered, excessive func¬ \ntioning—throughout a picture of exaggerated masculine \npsychology. In its pathology, it is allied to such other seri¬ \nous lesions of the nervous system as tabes, brain-tumors, \napoplexy, which are all more common in men. On the \nfunctional side, hypochondria and the exhaustion types of \nneurasthenia, present the more typically masculine frailties \nof psychic functioning.", "chunk_index": 926, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 729, "length_words": 105 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_927", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Relative susceptibility to, or im¬ \nmunity from, specific orders of nervous and mental disease, \n374 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ndetails of onset, course, and prominence of symptoms, re¬ \nflect characteristic differences in men and women, in boys \nand girls, and corroborate the minute adjustment of the \nnervous system to natural vicissitudes by laying bare the \ndifferences in masculine and feminine liabilities and assets, \nphysiological and psychological. \nOn the basis of such data there may be developed a dis¬ \ntinctive psychology of sex-traits. Viewed temperamentally, \nto be psychologically male implies an organic bias toward \na certain composite of qualities which is a consistent ex¬ \npression of masculine function; to be psychologically female \nimplies a yet more pervasive infusion of primary and deriva¬ \ntive traits, because of the larger radiation of sex in the femi¬ \nnine organism.", "chunk_index": 927, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_928", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Temperamentally, however otherwise con¬ \nditioned, an overwhelmingly influential factor of one’s psy¬ \nchology lies in the primal determination of sex: “Male and \nfemale created He them.” The derivative issues of sex \nextend to differentiations of capacities, endowment, inter¬ \nests, emotions, sensibilities, responses to social and environ¬ \nmental conditions. The social organization is an outgrowth \nof these differences and exerts a reflex influence upon them, \nin that social institutions embody and reenforce them. \nOne such complex issue in the early social organization is \nthe matriarchal system, which obtains in such conflicting \nvariety among primitive peoples.", "chunk_index": 928, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 674, "length_words": 94 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_929", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Woman there represents \nthe center of social stability, the point of return of the pro¬ \nvider to his own, the indisputable basis of kinship, and \nthrough it, of family unity and tribal consanguinity, the \nnucleus of the arts and of the conservative tendencies, the \ncradle of the effective life in the reciprocal relations of \nmother and child, and equally the primary school of dis¬ \ncipline and tradition. However modified by natural and \nimposed masculine assertion, a core of primitive psychologi¬ \ncal influences is there expressed. The reproductive func¬ \ntion is thus made central in the social structure at a stage \nat which natural conditions are commanding, and the re- \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 375 \nadjustment demanded by social-economic relations is but \nfeebly developed. \nThe directive masculine quality, related to, though ex¬ \ntending far beyond, the immediate expression of man’s \nsexual nature, is his superior strength and fitness for stren¬ \nuous activity.", "chunk_index": 929, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 984, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_930", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Man’s sexual ardor is stronger, and through \nits stress he develops in courtship and the struggle for \nmates the assertive qualities of his nature. Conversely, the \nlesser urgency of the female confers the reserve power of \nchoice, the exercise of selective preference, and leads to the \nemployment of qualities connected with the power of at¬ \ntraction. Masculine forcefulness finds its expression in \nmastery, physical defense, and social authority. The di¬ \nrective leadership in the guidance of life’s activities be¬ \ncomes the individual and collective expression of the mascu¬ \nline mind, a mind of will. Organization through prowess \nand courage, combat and dominance, promptly assumes the \nmilitary form as its institutional embodiment. When this \nbecomes strong enough under favorable traditions, it pre¬ \nvails above considerations of descent; and the patriarchy \nreplaces the matriarchy.", "chunk_index": 930, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 898, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_931", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The terms indicate a difference in \nthe emphasis of relations to which is accorded the recog¬ \nnized as well as the real social control [2]. \nThe existence and the range of sex-differences are thus \nestablished. The degree, the origin, the stability, the sig¬ \nnificance of the differences require interpretation: how far \nare these differences the issues of temperamental qualities, \nhow far the products of condition, convention, tradition, op¬ \nportunity? The latter group of factors includes the eco¬ \nnomic and political disabilities of women, which, though not \nwithout a basis in nature, may be in the main an institu¬ \ntional product. In considering this vexed issue a correc¬ \ntive to narrow prejudice may be found in the contrasts of \nrace and nation, time and clime, station and culture, tradi¬ \ntions and ideals.", "chunk_index": 931, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 824, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_932", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is, however, a principle of large im¬ \nport that the two sets of influences—natural and nurtural \n376 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \n—are far more likely to reenforce than to oppose one an¬ \nother, strongly as convention and tradition may set the \ntrend in the latter direction. There is also the tendency \nunreflectively or deliberately to make natural sex-differ¬ \nences stronger by exaggeration or reenforcement; this itself \nis in accord with nature’s ways. Secondary sex-traits serve \nto stamp men as masculine through and through, women \nas versatilely feminine; the indices of sex are many and \nyet of one meaning. \nThe same conditioning factors that bind structure, func¬ \ntion, expression, and application, in determining what hu¬ \nmanity makes of its endowment, shape the divergent possi¬ \nbilities and natural emphasis of the masculine and feminine \nendowments respectively.", "chunk_index": 932, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 884, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_933", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A series of three factors may be \nrecognized : the organic (biological) structure, the natural \n(physiological) function, the (psychological) application. \nThe three are correlated: the function associated with the \nstructure, the application with the function. Primarily \nstructure conditions function, and function application. \nFor man, £ds more powerful structure finds its expression \nin his masterful part in the struggle for food and for mates, \nvitalized by his aggressive sexuality; it finds its applica¬ \ntion in the freer, more constructive, more variable activi¬ \nties and in the resulting interests. For woman, with a \nlarger and more rigid determination—owing to the domi¬ \nnance of her organization—structure makes her reproduc¬ \ntive interests larger, gives her functional activities, once ad¬ \njusted, a steadier, more regular orbit.", "chunk_index": 933, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 850, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_934", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the derivative \napplications it employs a characteristic range of qualities, \nsuch as a keen affective zest, a conservative trend, a large \nimpressionistic bias. The yet slighter and more remote is¬ \nsues of this difference in employment of favored aptitudes, \nand in determining how the finer claims of the environment \nshall be recognized, radiate to all the nicer complexities of \nmasculine and feminine psychology. They command an \nurgent detailed interest, in that they continue to affect the \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 377 \nlarger and the finer contours of human relations. They \ndetermine masculine and feminine institutions as well as \nconstitute masculine and feminine modes of adjustment. \nPrimitive emphasis is certain to reflect natural trends; \neach sex, like each organism, tends toward the activities \nwhich it can most efficiently accomplish by gift of nature; \ninterests respond to and develop capacities.", "chunk_index": 934, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 930, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_935", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Tradition en¬ \nters to fix what is deemed manly and what womanly; con¬ \ntrasted interests and occupations make a different appeal \nto boys and to girls. Sentiment increases the differentia¬ \ntion by reenforcing the contrast through dress, manner of \nlife, privilege, training, encouragement. Nature sets a sim¬ \nilar example; part of the meaning of secondary sex-traits \nis to render the male and female more unlike, more com¬ \nplementary, more unfamiliar, more mutually attractive. \nThe difference in growth of hair (of beard in man, of the \nricher tresses in woman), the marked difference in voice \n(the change of which in the male is a marked adolescent \nsign), the roundness of form, the greater delicacy of fea¬ \nture, the pose, the step, the gentler touch of the woman— \nall radiate sex to every feature and action, and in due \ncourse become romantic enhancements, derivative, idealized \nattributes of the eternal feminine.", "chunk_index": 935, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_936", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Derivative sex-traits reenforce one another in that they \nrepresent a consistent group of associated traits derived \nfrom a deeper, more fundamental, nearer-to-nature tone \nof “sex” conditioning. The “greater youthfulness of \nphysical type in women” is “a very radical characteristic, \nand its influence vibrates to the most remote psychic re¬ \ncesses. ” The greater normality of woman, bringing her \nnearer to the child-type and to the race-norm, are related \nto her anabolic habit; and that in turn is of a piece with \nher lesser variability and her greater affectability—affecta¬ \nbility being an early form of psychic response. Further¬ \nmore, the avoidance of excessive high-pressure energies— \nby yielding to initial strain—protects woman from many of \n378 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nthe masculine risks, but removes her from the intense con¬ \ncentration of high effort and daring initiative.", "chunk_index": 936, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 898, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_937", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Because \nmen are organically catabolic, they are prone to be master¬ \nful by mental habit, and extravagant as well; the larger, \nbolder venture is masculine; the closer thrift is feminine. \nIn each there is a consistent and reenforcing cluster of \ntendencies. \nSuch favoring dispositions, moderately contrasted in¬ \nclinations, consistent groupings of tendencies, come to the \nfore in the occupations which men and women seek through \nthe adjustment of powers to performance, and in which they \nfind distinction [3], The low-pressure energies of women \nlead to routine employments, requiring patient care, atten¬ \ntion to detail, obedience to directions. The affectability ap¬ \npears in the fact that the arts in which women excel are \nthose in which personality dominates, combined with forms \nof esthetic expression congenial to the emotional medium. \nThe drama, the opera, the song, and the dance are elaborate \nissues of such inclinations.", "chunk_index": 937, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_938", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The minor arts of decoration \nand embellishment combine types of occupation conform¬ \ning to the above requirements in expenditure of effort, with \nthe esthetic interest issuing from the keen sensibility. Yet \nwomen attain a less notable success than men in original \ncreation even within the arts making a large appeal to \nthem, in which their opportunities have not been seriously \nhandicapped. Literature confirms the verdict; the novel, \nreflecting the intimately personal aspects of life, engages \nthe larger number of women writers with a fair proportion \nof merit; but few women novelists attain the highest rank. \nSuch evidence is suggestive by reason of the fact that the \ntraits thus brought to unusual professional expressions in \ngifted individuals, represent the generic group-traits that \nfind a congenial and consistent outlet in the ordinary range \nof adjustments.", "chunk_index": 938, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_939", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Considered generically the feminine su¬ \nperiority of adjustment is to situations requiring social tact, \nkeen emotional susceptibility, and a ready responsiveness. \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 379 \nContributory to this aptitude is the strength of attach¬ \nment, the warmth of allegiance, the lesser tendency to lead¬ \nership and venture; by virtue of this trait women become \nstrong adherents—forces of conservatism—when once their \nsympathies are enlisted. The fact that they are ready to \nbe aroused by a congenial appeal promotes suggestibility. \nThe religious tendency, however otherwise reenforced, is a \nhigh-level derivative of the devotional phase of responsive¬ \nness; yet with rare exceptions, religious leaders are \nmen [4], the exceptions themselves capable of interpreta¬ \ntion as the products of characteristic feminine mental sus¬ \nceptibility.", "chunk_index": 939, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_940", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Women will supply “much of the living spirit¬ \nual substance, if a man will supply the mold for it to flow \ninto.7 7 Appreciations seem to follow the same trends. The \nslighter objectivity of women keeps them aloof from \nphilosophical pursuits, and from the scientific devotion that \nreconstructs the interests of life away from the personal, \nand directs them to theories, systems, principles, rigid con¬ \nclusions, objective, depersonalized relations. A by-prod¬ \nuct of the feminine sex-attitude is the “extreme sensitive¬ \nness to the judgment of another’7 and to the persuasive \nappeal; it enters into ‘ ‘ the technique for the conquest of a \nmember of the opposite sex,” and is not unlike the proc¬ \nesses leading to religious conversion. “In each case the \nwill is to be set aside and strong suggestive means are used, \nand in both cases the appeal is not of the conflict type, but \nof an intimate, sympathetic and pleading kind” (Thomas).", "chunk_index": 940, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_941", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "These traits are to be considered primarily not for their \nbearing upon sex-differences as exercised under modern \ncomplex conditions, but as derivative consequences of trends \nmore directly significant in their primitive setting. In \nsuch setting the typical masculine pursuit is the chase and \ncombat, while the typical feminine occupation is the care \nof family and courtship; not that either is all-absorbing, or \nconstant, or complete in its range of the qualities which it \nengages and matures, but that fitness of these survival ac- \n380 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ntivities, of which, food and race are the foci, is imperative \nand elemental. Their organic depth is profound; in the \nformative period of the common racial psychology, the set \nof the psychic equipment had to be adequate to support \nthese purposes, or fail.", "chunk_index": 941, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 830, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_942", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Interpreted in its widest aspect, \nthe aggressive “survival” activities of the food-quest em¬ \nphasizes one set of qualities of the sex, and the “family” \nsituation another,* though both sexes experience the claims \nof each through an underlying common organization, man \nand woman feel them differently—the masculine getting its \nmajor set from the food-quest, the feminine from the “fam¬ \nily” interests. The sources of the secondary sex-qualities \nlie in these remote beginnings; in these relations their sig¬ \nnificance is clearer, the favoring advantages in the type of \nadjustment which they secure, more direct. In the course \nof evolution the sex-qualities assume a more derivative as¬ \npect ; they persist, but are more and more strongly modi¬ \nfied by the conditions of life and by the social institutions \nwhich they require for their expression and regulation.", "chunk_index": 942, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 872, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_943", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Furthermore, the resultant qualities of sex are transferred \nto other applications in a transferred order of employment, \nand in such high-grade adjustment lead to a further psy¬ \nchological differentiation. There is no absolute contrast of \nprocess, but a moderate contrast of favored procedure; \nthere is a difference of emphasis, a shifting of the center \nof influence. Such is the relative play of reason and of \nemotion, of seeking adjustment to situation and of exercis¬ \ning control through cognitive or through affective processes. \nThe emphasis of the one or the other develops fairly con¬ \ntrasted techniques of adjustment. Reason proceeds more \nby knowing what the situation is and its causes, emotion \nmore by gauging how the situation disposes one to response.", "chunk_index": 943, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 773, "length_words": 120 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_944", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The one is the sensitizing of an objective distinction, which \nis knowledge vitalized by interest, dominantly masculine; \nthe other is the rationalizing of intuition, which is an emo¬ \ntional impressionism, dominantly feminine. The contrast \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 381 \nmay be interpreted as the natural kinship of a supporting \nprocess to primary impulse and purpose. The masculine \npursuit as naturally enlists and develops the service of the \none—the cognitive—as does the feminine that of the other \n—the emotional nature. Application accentuates func¬ \ntional fitness; and endowment favors the manner of employ¬ \nment of available qualities. The difference is a contrast \nof degree only, a contrast in the relative strength of a com¬ \nmon derivative trend; for a common psychology makes both \nsexes generically susceptible to common orders of appeal, \nmakes men and women employ both cognition and emotion \nin common expression of a common nature.", "chunk_index": 944, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_945", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The same qual¬ \nities that serve intelligent adjustment to situation are \naroused and drawn upon by varied situations, and with \nvaried emphasis and manner. Situations that naturally \nevoke the one predominance of qualities will more and more \nattract and fall to the share of the sex in which such pre¬ \ndominance is congenial to endowment; the favored endow¬ \nment will find or create for itself a field of application in \nthe occupations supplied by the environment. A moderate \nemphasis of a common trait is enough to determine pre¬ \nferred occupations, later reenforced by tradition and ac¬ \ncomplishment. Slight superiorities thus lead to widening \ndifferentiations. As the field of expression extends, deriva¬ \ntive forms of minor contrasts come to be as momentous as \nthe more real, more direct differences in the primary field \nof operation [5]. The deviations of sex-interest and pro¬ \nficiency become established and organized in the institu¬ \ntional life.", "chunk_index": 945, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_946", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "An original biological emphasis leads to manifold slight \nbut cumulatively important divergences in the psychologi¬ \ncal and sociological realm. It leads to them through the \ntransfer of traits from primary and direct fields of appli¬ \ncation to secondary and indirect ones, with a consequent \nmodification of the trait itself through the quality of its \ntransferred exercise. Primary endowment and original \n382 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nsituation are superseded by secondary acquisition and con¬ \nventionalized application. In the process by-products of \nsuch traits develop, and further complicate the issue. \nMoreover, educated persons come to live so largely upon \nthe derivative issues of their natures, and shape their en¬ \ndeavors and value them in terms of these, that the parent \ntraits and situations are lost sight of, as they become sub¬ \nmerged and overlaid. To restore this earlier perspective is \nthe purpose of the considerations thus reviewed.", "chunk_index": 946, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_947", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "However, eclectically, a survey of a masculine and of a \nfeminine psychology may be attempted. The greater varia¬ \ntional tendency [6] of the human male, particularly in his \nphysiological expressions, is well established. The trait is \nrelated or leads to his looser social connection, his detach¬ \nment from the intimate family concerns, and to his freer \nmovement in the struggle for existence and preferment. \nProfessor Thomas has neatly termed it the man’s “tangen¬ \ntial disposition.” It disposes him to venture, which emo¬ \ntionally is the search for and the welcome of the unfamiliar. \nThe uncertainty of the chase embodies the zest of varying \nfortune. It presents thrilling moments of intense energy, \nthe “kill” as a stirring climax of keen pursuit and active \nendurance.", "chunk_index": 947, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 782, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_948", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Involved in the complex of qualities is the fac¬ \ntor of strength and the joy of its exercise; it appears in \nthe fondness for athletic games and sports and the hazard \nthereof, which in turn must make their appeal also to the \nrivalry situation and the uncertainty of issue. The game is \nexercise, but also a challenge and a gamble. Even the out¬ \nsider, who does not play, appreciates its points, bets on the \nwinner, and vicariously comes into the game. When the \nmodern business man goes a-fishing, he not only breaks \naway from routine but seeks the thrill of the catch, and the \nuncertainties of fisherman’s luck, and the esteem attaching \nto his record. In his livelihood occupations he is ready to \nreplace industry by risk, labor by shrewdness, to enjoy his \ngame more when a stake is involved, to become a gambler \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 383 \nin spirit, whether at Monte Carlo or on Wall Street.", "chunk_index": 948, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 913, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_949", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \nbreaking away from routine is emphasized at the period \nof masculine maturity and leads to the Wander jahre, the \nfrontier, the open road. The “rolling stone,” the life of \nthe tramp, becomes a significant expression of men “tor¬ \ntured by their vagrant energies7’ (Ellis). By contrast, the \nbudding girl, the debutante, at a like period—despite the \ninstability that produces her variable moods and tenses— \nyields more largely to the restraints and shelters of con¬ \nvention, and to the obligations of responsibility. An in¬ \ncreased domestication of the one contrasts with the “wild \noats” of the other. The sporting type is not absent in \nwomen, nor should we expect to find it so in the feminine \nensemble. But it there takes a typical feminine form in \nthe adventuress, who gambles on her personal qualities, a \ncraftiness developed in her own more personal technique, \nquite as man trades upon his skill in getting the better of \nanother in his form of the battle of wits.", "chunk_index": 949, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 984, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_950", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The intellectual aspect of the group-quality involved in \nthe combat situation is the shrewdness in meeting a rival \nor a situation. Its earlier form is a direct securing of ad¬ \nvantage by strategy rather than by brute force. Shrewd¬ \nness becomes an aptitude for the management of men and \nthe functions executive; it leads to cooperation and organi¬ \nzation and the pursuit of a policy or a cause lying in part \noutside of a narrow personal interest, and larger than per¬ \nsonal welfare. The pursuit becomes a problem and a chal¬ \nlenge of mind; the qualities engaged and matured in solv¬ \ning the problems of defense, and of the chase and the food- \nsupply, develop a liking and an aptitude for problems of \nother and of wider scope. Such problems remain more char¬ \nacteristically of the presentative type, dealing practically \nwith things, and the control of their properties and uses.", "chunk_index": 950, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 891, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_951", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Mechanical construction, devices, shaping materials to use, \nrepresent the natural outlets of the trait—as typically a \nmasculine pursuit in the hunter and trapper as in the en- \n384 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ngineer. Resources alter the scope and increase the intri¬ \ncacy of the application of what, at bottom, are similar pro¬ \nficiencies of similar origin. As invention extends its do¬ \nmain, the pursuit involves more and more the principles of \ntheory and the insight into laws, becomes abstract and rep¬ \nresentative, rather than literally strategical and ingenious. \nYet its outlook is objective, though it looks to the future \nand to remote possibilities, constructs ideal situations, and \nprepares long-range responses thereto.", "chunk_index": 951, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 737, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_952", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Combine in varied \nmeasure the tangential disposition, the zest of the unfa¬ \nmiliar and of its conquest, the shrewdness of wit, the trend \ntoward organization, the objective interest, the mastery of \ncontrol—all congenial and reenforcing qualities; apply \nthem to different ends, and you proceed measurably in the \ncomprehension of masculine superiority as an executive, as \na devotee of science, as a philosopher. All these qualities \nhe carries in fair measure to his pursuits, and insists upon \ntheir satisfaction, if he is to find incentive and adjustment \ntherein. A momentous consequence attaches to the yet re¬ \nmoter issues of the objective interest and habit of mind.", "chunk_index": 952, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 677, "length_words": 105 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_953", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In its higher reaches it proceeds upon a detachment from \nthe local, momentary, concrete situation, and thereby fos¬ \nters a faculty for abstraction, for considerations remote \nbut not unrelated to the present—the imaginative construc¬ \ntion of what may be, or should be, the enthusiastic devo¬ \ntion to ideals and their promotion. Man is at once a prac¬ \ntical schemer, a gambling spirit, admittedly an unprinci¬ \npled one at times, but also a venturesome theorist, an ardent \nreformer. Such theoretical proficiencies appear most \nrichly in the scientist and the philosopher, to whose tangen¬ \ntial contributions are due the largest advances of culture \nand of the means and standards of living; in contempla¬ \ntion whereof the vagaries of unsound schemes and extrava¬ \ngant ventures and the eccentricities and absurdities of im¬ \nagination seem an insignificant price.", "chunk_index": 953, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 870, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_954", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A contrasted emphasis of derivative sex-traits appears in \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 385 \nthe mode of sacrifice which such pursuit entails; masculine \nobjectivity promotes devotion to partnerships, movements, \ncorporations, institutions and causes; women’s sacrifice is a \nsympathetic renunciation in behalf of an emotionally cher¬ \nished “other.” Of like “masculine” origin are the co¬ \noperation, the team-play, the mass movements, the organiza¬ \ntion of armies, the practical skill, the commercial organiza¬ \ntions, the unions, federations, trusts, that develop and are \nconcentrated upon the varied economic situations, the com¬ \nplexity of which, in the industrial setting of modern com¬ \nmerce and the skill and satisfaction in their management, \ntestify to the strength and educability of this underlying \nproblem-solving, organizing trend. The failings, the risks, \nthe neglects, the vices to which the pursuit may lead, are \nequally contained in the venture.", "chunk_index": 954, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 972, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_955", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The selfish ends, the \nconcern for “number one,” the disregard of other consid¬ \nerations are inherent in the game; the interest in winning \ncomes to exceed the interest in the play; personal vantage \ntyrannizes; graft is a ready temptation; the promoter is \nmore common than the philanthropist. By virtue of the \nqualities which direct their interests, men are shrewd trad¬ \ners and relentless bargainers as well as schemers, are not— \nin their own vernacular—in business for their health. In \nthe direct sex-relations men are tangentially disposed, are \nprone to lose the ardor of devotion and to seek new alli¬ \nances. Polygamy, concubinage, represent rival invitations \nwithin the domain of sex. Exogamy, it has been suggested, \nis the sanction by custom, of the tendency to seek alliances \noutside the clan. The zest in the eager rivalry of other \npursuits and of those of sex has a common basis; the rival \ninterests and the qualities which they enlist come to dom¬ \ninate.", "chunk_index": 955, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 979, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_956", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Because of the absorption in objective projects and \nof the ardent adoption of such ends within the scheme of \nlife, these ends become truly competitive with those of sex, \nand compose the manifold interests of the developed mascu¬ \nline mind. They satisfy the masculine desire, irregular and \n386 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nvagrant though it be, for expansion, venture, novelty, ex¬ \nploration, control. \nTo illustrate the feminine complex, one must return to \nthe large affectability, which is an emotional dominance in \nthe technique of adjustment, taking its clew from the ab¬ \nsorbing emotional appeal of the courtship and family con¬ \ncerns. The orders of responsiveness fashioned in direct \nrelation to these interests and occupations extend to the \ninterests of life in general; they set the pattern of endeavor, \nresponse, and satisfaction in other pursuits.", "chunk_index": 956, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 867, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_957", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The affecta¬ \nbility is associated with, and reenforced by, the conservative \ntrend; which is in turn coordinated with the lesser varia¬ \nbility, more central normality, closer attachment to primary \ninterests, to local, concrete, immediately engaging, person¬ \nally absorbing, persistent and adjusted activities—all typi¬ \nfied in the race-preserving, mothering ministrations. The \naffectability may be brought into relation with the organic \nconservatism by going back in the history of the race; for \nemotionalism is more natural, genetically earlier and deeper, \nthan ideo-motor control. Affectability means that primitive \nbrain-centers are stronger than the more recently developed \nones, and are inclined to revolt against the imposed rule. \nThis trait is thoroughly characteristic of child-psychology, \nand with due modification, of the primitive man and of the \nsimpler, less developed, more child-like members of so¬ \nciety.", "chunk_index": 957, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 934, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_958", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "As a personal liability, the trait appears in the suscepti- \nbility to emotional strain, within normal limits and beyond \nthem [7]. It appears in the greater liability of women to \nconvulsions, and more particularly in the fact that chorea \n(St. Vitus’ dance) is a markedly feminine disorder, and \nafter adolescence an almost exclusively feminine one; the \nrelation of convulsions—as an elaborate “startling” per¬ \nturbation to emotional affectability, particularly to the \nemotion of fear, is suggestive. Of like significance is the \npart played by young women in religious epidemics and \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 387 \nhypnotic phenomena. The loss of personality, the assump¬ \ntion of the inspiration of the Delphic oracles, fell to young \nwomen. Mesmer’s subjects in the hysterical atmosphere of \nthe cures of “animal magnetism’7 were found generally \namong women.", "chunk_index": 958, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 872, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_959", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The somnambules who in the early nine¬ \nteenth century developed clairvoyant and allied powers \nwere young women; in the modem instances of altered per¬ \nsonality, and in the cases of mediumistic phenomena involv¬ \ning trance and trance-like states, women play the larger \nrole. Obsessions and mental contagions prevail among \nwomen; this factor dominated in the delusions of witch¬ \ncraft ; it is responsible for the violence of outbreak, the de¬ \nstructiveness, noisiness, depravity in prison and in insane \nasylums (tantrums, Zuchthausknall). Much of this dis¬ \nquietude reaches into the hysterical field; for the feminine \nliability to hysteria, as well as the typical invasion of the \ndisorder, is but another expression of emotional instability \nupon the basis of large affectability and motor exuberance. \nThe greater ease and urgency of expression means that the \nroutes to the motor centers, when aroused by emotional \nstates, are more open.", "chunk_index": 959, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_960", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Dancing is a characteristic expres¬ \nsion, world-wide and world-old, with peculiar relations to \nthe feminine nature. So also is the greater talkativeness \nor effusiveness of women, which may be socially favored \nand, like many another such trait, is grafted upon a natural \ndisposition. The infrequency of stuttering in girls is a \nsuggestive fact. Little girls acquire facility in speech \nmore promptly and efficiently, and use vocal expressions, \nparticularly as an emotional outlet (shrieking), more read¬ \nily than do boys. As is true of other complexes, the con¬ \ngenial traits and their mode of expression form a character¬ \nistic ensemble, combining original tendencies with associated \nderivative forms of expression.", "chunk_index": 960, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 726, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_961", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That the feminine “prominence” in the technique of ad¬ \njustment—typically a mental impressionability in which \nfeeling and knowledge are emotionally welded—makes \n388 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nagainst a cognitive procedure, is in accord with general \npsychological principles. Intense emotion impedes \nthought; abstract or objective reasoning is impassive. The \nangry man cannot think clearly, and no more can the anx¬ \nious, distressed one; while the lover’s perspective of values \nis not standard. Constructive mental work—itself a deriv¬ \native product of objective interest—requires freedom from \nworry and a calm, adjusted frame of mind; yet emotion— \ntrue to its original status—sustains intellectual pursuits, in \nsome directions, conditions it. Varying with the nature \nof the pursuit, sympathies, in that they condition insight, \nmay interfere with judgment, or he necessary to its fair \nconclusions.", "chunk_index": 961, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 911, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_962", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Unduly emotionalized judgments may appear \nas prejudices, or as superstitions in belief or practice. \nThey affiliate with the conservative trend in custom, in \nthat the familiar acquires an emotional congeniality, in \nturn reenforced by the intimate hold of concrete personal \nexperience. The contrast may be moderate, yet suggestive \nin bearing and momentous in issue. Primitive myth, popu¬ \nlar lore, the earlier philosophies, the simpler types of intel¬ \nlectual attitudes—all proceed largely upon an emotionally \ninfused reasoning, and tend toward congenial conclusions. \nSuch products of early excursions into the realm of explana¬ \ntion and interpretation are prominent in the survival of \nculture.", "chunk_index": 962, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 704, "length_words": 101 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_963", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Customs may survive in a superstitious atmos¬ \nphere; a belief in charms, omens, premonitions, occult rela¬ \ntions, often quite subdued and half-acknowledged, has a \nmore natural place in feminine psychology, in just such \nmeasure as the emotional bias prevails, which receives such \nconclusions as congenial, as ministering to an earlier type \nof satisfaction. The same applies to prejudices and predi¬ \nlections, personal and otherwise, which are often partially \nreasonable, yet incompletely rationalized. Rationality is \nso late and limited a human quality, that preponderances \nof this order will be slight and subject to marked influences \nof training and tradition. Rationality, as displayed, is as \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 389 \ntypically a cultural trait as a sex trait. A trait stands as a \ncongenial development of a temperamental trend.", "chunk_index": 963, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 854, "length_words": 127 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_964", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is hardly necessary to survey the familiar field of the \npreferred interests, occupations, proficiencies, enthusiasms, \nneeds, and expressions of women, in which the tempera¬ \nmental trends, favored in the feminine composite, direct the \nissue. Their very versatility points to a less specialized, \nless professionally developed, more generic status, truer to \nthe natural norm. The impress of the ministrations—apti¬ \ntude and fitness for which stamps the psychological as it is \ninherent in the physiological endowment—is upon the range \nof preferred feminine endeavor and proficiency, and still \nmore characteristically upon the mood and manner of the \nresponse womanly. The situations that summon it remain \ncloser than in the masculine psychology to the original type \nof appeal; the appeal is that of the race through sex, and of \nthe endless derivative qualities developed in its defense.", "chunk_index": 964, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 898, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_965", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A marked divergence of traits is expressed in the relative \nemphasis of bearing within feminine traits, upon situa¬ \ntions of courtship as contrasted with those of care of the \nyoung. The craving for flattering attention and social con¬ \ntacts, the personal standards of success, the self-centered \nreference of the incidents of life seem out of relation to \nthe ready sacrificial devotion, the sympathetic attitude to \nappeals for pity, the absorption in altruistic ministrations. \nThey find their clews in the fact that charm is the tech¬ \nnique of the maiden, and sacrifice the passion of the mother. \nOne set of feminine interests expresses more distinctly the \nissues of the qualities of courtship and attraction, the other \nof qualities of motherhood and devotion. The two come to \ntheir own at different periods of development.", "chunk_index": 965, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 834, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_966", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Types of \nwomen approximate to divergent composites of character \nin which the one or the other group of primary traits dom¬ \ninates, as also the same types of traits dominate differently \nin the several occupations, interests, needs and satisfac¬ \ntions which are generically characteristic of women. Fern- \n390 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ninine occupations appeal to qualities congenial to derivative \naspects of these distinctive interests, yet combine them with \nan appeal to the more generic qualities underlying the \nstandard human forms of responsiveness. \nFor the most part the differential psychology of men and \nwomen relates to what both tend to do and learn to do—and \nwith comparable success—but divergently, and with greater \nor less natural fitness and ability.", "chunk_index": 966, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 775, "length_words": 117 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_967", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The more heavily the \ntype or grade of achievement leans upon a strong primitive \ndifferentiation, the larger the consequence of even a slight \nsuperiority—or more neutrally, deviation—which grows \ncumulatively in importance as men come to live upon the \nslighter diverging advantages of their endowment. The \nslighter contrasts of masculine and feminine tendency con¬ \ntinue to be influential while no longer directive, or even im¬ \nportant. Delineations of divergent sex-tendencies, though \nless confident and certain, may still carry the truth of con¬ \nsistency, when supported by a related group of well estab¬ \nlished inclinations. Such are for the most part the com¬ \nmonly observed differences of men and women. Divergence \nin manner and valuation in worth should not be confused. \nCompensation enters and makes the question of superiority \n“foolish and futile,’7 and the appraisal of value a proper \nbut delicate undertaking.", "chunk_index": 967, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_968", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is not a question of man’s \nway or woman’s way being better or worse for this situa¬ \ntion or purpose, but of the significance, the source and af¬ \nfiliations of the characteristic differences and preponder¬ \nant tendencies, as confirmations of a general interpretation. \nAccepting Mr. Ellis’s dictum that in respect to bodily pro¬ \nportion “ taken in the average, a man is a man even to his \nthumbs, and a woman is a woman down to her little toes, ’ ’ \nwe may likewise conclude that a man’s mental habit and \nperspective is masculine and a woman’s feminine, down to \nthe details of attitude and tricks of manner, wdthout \nthereby ascribing either to thumbs or toes or to minute \npsychological peculiarities any inordinate consequence. \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 391 \nEach group of traits, as in turn each trait, is significant as \narticulated in a larger consistent system. \nThe principle is more important than any group of em¬ \nbodiments.", "chunk_index": 968, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 949, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_969", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "One might descend to minute detail and point \nout as characteristic the tendency of women to report a \nconversation subjectively, literally, and dramatically in \nthe first person, and of men to report it objectively, sketch¬ \nily, and pertinently in indirect phrase. This seems a trivial \npoint indeed; but associate with it the feminine concrete \npresentative habit that leads to reproducing rather than to \nsummarizing a situation, the readier dramatic instinct that \nconfers upon women a mastery of the personal arts, the \nmore fluid, sympathetic adaptability of women to varying \nsituations, the readier use of language for expression, the \nkeener responsiveness to variations in self-esteem and so¬ \ncial appraisal which the literal words and tone convey—• \nand one may assign the contrast a slight niche in the dif¬ \nferential psychology of sex.", "chunk_index": 969, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 851, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_970", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Consider similarly masculine \nand feminine manner: persuasion and cajolery seem as \ndistinctive for the one sex, as enforcement and defense for \nthe other; while ruse, disguise of motive, duplicity, is not a \nprerogative of either. Yet there is a line, if an uncertain \none, between diplomacy and intrigue, that, traced back¬ \nward, diverges toward masculine and feminine traits re¬ \nspectively. A finer form of an allied quality, exercised in \nsocial intercourse, is tact—distinctly a feminine forte. Its \ncontrast is the blunt, masculine masterfulness, often blun¬ \ndering by too great directness. Tact likewise is sympa¬ \nthetically considerate, a moral quality that in women has a \nless arduous road to pursue than it meets in reducing the \nselfishness of men.", "chunk_index": 970, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 764, "length_words": 118 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_971", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In so far as the tact invites duplicity, \nit has a place in feminine nature, there being many things \nto conceal through weakness, through modesty, in satisfac¬ \ntion of the desire to be interesting and attractive, and prob¬ \nably, in large measure, through imposed restraint and tra¬ \nditions. The white lies of women, the reticence in con- \n392 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nfession of age, the attitude toward smuggling, are readily \ncited as expressions of a common trait, at times offending \nthe more literal commandments of law or morality. \nIn minor yet typical situations, men and women are dif¬ \nferently disposed toward intellectual pursuits, moral prin¬ \nciples, and practical activities, yet presumably not so mark¬ \nedly but that tradition and training may equalize them in \nfavored groups. In so far as the tendencies exist, they \nconform to the lines of differentiation.", "chunk_index": 971, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 882, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_972", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Furthermore, these \nnicer distinctions come to expression only in upper-level \nconditions, in which freedom from primary stress permits \nsubtle development of trends. The same elastic interpre¬ \ntation applies to another phase of the intellectual technique \nthe ready perceptions, the keen recognition of emotional \nchanges, that make it more difficult in many relations, de¬ \nspite her natural trustfulness, to deceive a woman than a \nman, and also confer an address and an adaptability not \nas common in the more deliberate sex. When statements of \npersonal relations of a fair degree of complexity are re¬ \nquired the complexity one of analysis rather than synthe¬ \nsis—women excel. Lawyers and physicians find women of \nthe lower (peasant) classes more helpful and ready in re¬ \nciting the details of cases. In rises of fortune requiring \npractical adaptations to ampler social standards, women are \nmore apt at adjustment than men.", "chunk_index": 972, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_973", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Indeed, explore as we \nmay into any characteristic field where men and women \nhave found and developed their respective careers in a \ncommon yet differentiated social setting, and that despite \nthe imposed restraints of artifice and custom, or again, in¬ \nvestigate and tabulate by such methods as are available \nthe resulting preponderant tendencies of the mental ma¬ \nchinery, we find a fairly consistent and corroboratory set of \ndifferences, requiring, however, a judicious interpretation \nto gauge their import. \nThis survey of masculine and feminine psychology indi¬ \ncates the standard procedure desirable, but not unreserv- \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 393 \nedly applicable, in the consideration of other group-traits. \nThe principles may be thus summarized: (1) Distinctive \ngroup-qualities, if traceable to their source, are referable \nto an organic basis ; they also represent a specialized adap¬ \ntation to the demands of the environment.", "chunk_index": 973, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 953, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_974", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the case of \nsex, the nature of the organic differentiation is clear and \nits collateral issues recognizable. In the case of race, the \ndifferences are uncertain in significance and the principle \nfinds a limited application; yet an original specialized \nadaptation, both organic and environmental, is the presump¬ \ntive clew. (2) The group-traits, whatever their source, find \nexpression in a considerable range of derivative qualities, in \nlarge part of a psychological order. Racial differences im¬ \nply different modes of reaction of the nervous system. The \ngroup-trait becomes an emphasis, a specialization, approach¬ \ning the status of a temperamental endowment.", "chunk_index": 974, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 672, "length_words": 99 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_975", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "(3) The \npsychology of group-traits deals largely with the interrela¬ \ntion, the reenforcement and combination of derivative is¬ \nsues; the traits themselves become favored devices of ad¬ \njustment to the environment, which is ever more an arti¬ \nficial one, created and maintained by the exercise of es¬ \nteemed or dominant trends. In primary situations the en¬ \nvironment directly gives play to and reenforces traits set \nin a natural fitness; in complex situations the parallel \nprocess is more indirect, and by the introduction of ideals \nmay tend to exaggerate or to reduce natural tendencies. \nYet the divergent group-traits remain suggestive, even \nwhen partly the result of training or equalized by it.", "chunk_index": 975, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 710, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_976", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Next to sex, which stands in a class by itself, race indi¬ \ncates nature’s most comprehensive intention at human dif¬ \nferentiation; but the scope and purposes of the racial con¬ \ntrasts and emphases thus embodied, are far from clear; nor \ncan it be determined definitely which are the more original \nand which the more derivative racial traits. Hence racial \npsychology proceeds uncertainly and tentatively. The \nprinciples derived from the differential psychology of sex \n394 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nserve at the least to indicate the status of the problem, to \ninterpret the imperfect data available, and to avoid super¬ \nficial conclusions. The demarcation lines of race, however \nuncertain the principle upon which they are drawn, are \nclearly of a wholly different order of significance than those \nof sex; the biological divergences which they incorporate \nare in such consideration of a slighter, more nearly sec¬ \nondary order.", "chunk_index": 976, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 939, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_977", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is their momentous consequence in the \nnearer view of ethnology and in the history of culture, that \ngives to racial contrasts their peculiar interest. The sev¬ \neral races, like the sexes, present distinctive though mod¬ \nerate organic variations (with corresponding physiological \nconsequences) to which the race breeds true; but what may \nbe the potencies thus conferred or the limitations imposed \nupon one race or another is uncertain. Structure invites \ninterpretation in terms of function; and function near its \nsource suggests adjustment, the selective pressure of the \nenvironment. To the nervous system as the central organ \nof adjustment of function to environment, there attaches \na special significance. The adaptive capacity of race with \nreference to habitat and mode of life primarily determines \nracial survival and status. The adaptation becomes ever \nmore prominently psychological.", "chunk_index": 977, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 905, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_978", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is the mental traits of \nthe human race and of human races that are responsible \nfor their several conditions, notwithstanding the potent in¬ \nfluence of circumstance. However racial quality may be \nshaped by natural condition, it remains true that races \nunder similar conditions, present marked differences in se¬ \ncuring control of the resources and forces of nature and \nin directing their progress by the products of their minds. \nIn all cultures above the simplest, the environment comes \nto be man-made, the organ of adjustment to it largely \npsychological. The potencies and limitations of race may \nbe considered to be concrete products of biological forces; \nthe forces are in the background, while the foreground is \noccupied by the play of the qualities thus conditioned in \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 395 \nthe nearer prospect, which is the actual seat of their pres¬ \nent operation.", "chunk_index": 978, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_979", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Thus closely regarding our own endow¬ \nment, we are likely to approach it with a favorable preju¬ \ndice [8] ; hence the need of the larger view for a juster in¬ \nterpretation. \nIn the differentia of race the racial flag of color is most \nconspicuous. In the black race and the white, in the yellow \nrace and the red, pigmentation is the outward clew to a \nrange of differences of varied character. When a white \nman blackens his face, he does not even superficially look \nlike a negro. Physical anthropology undertakes to enumer¬ \nate and relate the structural and functional differences as¬ \nsociated with race. Finding in measurement of the skull \nand the parts of the skeleton in proportion and ratio a \nmass of corroborating details, the anthropologist may con¬ \nclude that a negro is a negro down to his thumbs and little \ntoes.", "chunk_index": 979, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 833, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_980", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That the negro’s head is dolichocephalic (relatively \nlong and narrow) ; that his face is prognathous (protrud¬ \ning jaw) ; that his lips are thick and open, his nostrils \nbroad and flat; that his arms are long, reaching well to¬ \nward the knee; that his heel slopes back from the vertical \nof the lower leg; that his skin is glossy and has a character¬ \nistic odor; that his hair is short and curly and in cross- \nsection oval; that even his blood-crystals show a different \nappearance from that of the white man: these may all be \ncited as secondary racial traits to which the race breeds \ntrue. But since their origin and meaning are unknown or \nobscure, they cannot be brought to bear upon the present \nconsiderations, however legitimate their interest to the \nethnologist. And yet the contrast of black and white is \nthe most marked within the racial group; that of other \nraces is slighter, more elusive and variable.", "chunk_index": 980, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 923, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_981", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "What is true \nof structural difference holds as well of physiological differ¬ \nentiation in function. Its existence is clear and is dis¬ \nclosed under sufficient refinement of test; it appears \nmarkedly in the negro in such immunities as that from \n396 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nyellow fever, and in such, liabilities as the non-resistance \nto phthisis or alcoholism. \nAt what stage of human or anthropoid evolution the \ndifferentiations of race were made stable is wholly a matter \nof conjecture. We may hold to the original unity of the \nhuman race, to its descent from a single pair of human or \nprehuman ancestors; or we may consider the varieties of \nraces as marked as those on which the zoologist bases his \nclassifications—such as those of the black bear, the cin¬ \nnamon bear, the polar bear—and yet find in such a view \nonly the most general support of the significance of racial \ntraits, with no precise clew to their meaning.", "chunk_index": 981, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 938, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_982", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Further¬ \nmore, the differentiations to which we attach importance \nare in the nature of derivative traits molded bv circum- t/ \nstance, and are thus still farther removed from a biological \ninterpretation. Generic differences in the physiological ca¬ \npacities of races may be established; the strength, the hardi¬ \nness, the fecundity, the ratio of infant mortality, the re¬ \nsistance to specific diseases, the tolerance of unwholesome \nvital conditions, the power to acclimatize in extreme or \nunaccustomed habitats, and other expressions of the \nmetabolism and mental stamina, show characteristic differ¬ \nences, which may be decisive in the severe conflicts of races \nand in the economic competition as well. But these varia¬ \ntions are complex resultants, the issues of natural qualities, \nof the pressure of distinctive environments, and of control \nby training. The “yellow peril” presents itself to the \nwhite man’s outlook as such a conflict of race-qualities in \nadjustment to condition.", "chunk_index": 982, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_983", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Each race tends to develop the \nconditions favorable to its own capacities. The physical \nsuperiority of race is not readily determined even by con¬ \nflict, because wit, strategy, organization prominence of mili¬ \ntary ideals, courage, loyalty, convictions, traditions, affect \nthe issue. The Negro of the Soudan may be a “ first-rate \nfightin’ man” by virtue of one group of qualities, as was \nthe Spartan or the Goth, or as is the Japanese for another, \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 397 \nand the Boer, or the modern Greek, or the Belgian for still \nothers. The underlying qualities may not be radically \ndistinct, but yet differently nurtured and sustained. The \nfanaticism of the Hindu, the fatalism of the Mohammedan, \nand the orderly submission to the “Birkenhead drill,5? the \ncall of the defense of the home, may lead to like action, yet \ndirect the common issue upon quite different qualities, \nminutely considered.", "chunk_index": 983, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_984", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Such finer differentiation loses its \ntouch with a primary significance, in that it is maintained \nso largely through the institutional environment which ab¬ \nsorbs, energizes, and reflects the racial, tribal, or national \ngenius; it does so, because through such expressions alone \ngroup-traits find their outlet. In a similar transference of \nscope, the physiological assets and liabilities assume an \neconomic aspect. While seemingly competing with policy \nand resources and statesmanship, men are really competing \nin terms of race-fertility, capacity to survive to maturity, \nimmunity from epidemics, hygienic precautions, moral \nregulations, as well as in terms of ideals and the educational \nprovisions that give them efficiency. Yet so fundamental a \ntrait as energy will be decisive, whatever the direction \nwhich it may take in expression. Where conflict or rivalry \nis strong, energetic races are certain to prevail above slug¬ \ngish ones.", "chunk_index": 984, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_985", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The tendency to lapse to a stage of inactive, \ncomplacent adjustment is marked; the stress of nature’s \ndemands is needed as a stimulus, even as an irritation. \nParticularly potent as a racial trait is the ability to find \nzest in mental activity, which leads to original venture, \nthe trial of the unknown, and the advance of technique. \nThe racial endowment that confers it, favors it, emphasizes \nit, must in the long run lead to a general superiority; its \nsuppression by the institutional organization constitutes a \nserious menace; its natural succumbing to the slavish ten¬ \ndencies of human gregariousness is an equally real danger. \nThe parts played by the several influences of this order in \nthe preferment of race may be realized in the story of race- \n398 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nconflict, but fail to yield any definite gauge of their values.", "chunk_index": 985, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 859, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_986", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Their consideration leads to a critical view of the po¬ \ntencies of race, and give it about the value of a generic \ntemperamental divergence, a favoring of quality through \norganic fitness, yet largely modified in its expressions by \nenvironmental demands and the molding forces of social \nand allied encouragement. \nAlong with racial differences, uncertain but far from \nnegligible, races present a comprehensive community of \nendowment, physical, physiological, and psychological. \nRaces are predominantly alike, in that the variations of \ntheir specific heredities are consistent with a fundamental \ncommunity of inheritance. Biologically such community \nis established by the crossing of races of whatever degree \nof difference; zoologically the human race is one; psy¬ \nchologically the brotherhood of man is still a difficult ideal. \nThe racial fusion resulting from the mixture of races, it¬ \nself plays a large part in the composite of qualities which \npeoples now present.", "chunk_index": 986, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 981, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_987", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Races exhibit large overlapping en¬ \ndowments; with them and despite them emerge the dis¬ \ntinctive qualities which remain the specific racial heritage, \nits temperamental expression. The differences of race are \nnot simply of a quantitative order; races are not similarly \nendowed in the entire composite of their psychic nature \nand present merely an inferior or superior order of such \nparts. Degree and variety enter into the racial equation. \nAccordingly one race may be no more superior to another \nthan one sex is superior to the other; their differentiated \nendowments may qualify for different orders of expression \nin adjustment to different environmental stresses, and thus \nrepresent complex embodiments of specialized “group- \ntrait” aptitudes. Yet the organic needs and the environ¬ \nmental conditions to which races may express an organic \nadjustment have so large a similarity as to afford some \ngauge of the value of the instrument of adjustment through \nits operation.", "chunk_index": 987, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 986, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_988", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "THE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 399 \nThe critical problem is that of the significance of achieve¬ \nment. How far is accomplishment an index of ability? \nAssuming proper standards to compare the cultures which \ndifferent races have achieved, how far may we look upon \nsuch achievements as a measure of the racial mental equip¬ \nment? Apparently if this test fails, no decisive compari¬ \nson is available; yet its application is by no means simple. \nWe are prone to apply it at rather short range to the \nphases of human history that are well along in the story of \ncivilization. We must remember that the essential human \nqualities were established in pre-historic times; we must \nthink of the older cultural epochs: the early and the late \nStone Age, the age of bronze, the age of iron, the nomadic \nand the primitively agricultural and pastoral types of so¬ \nciety. The cultural advances of those stages show the \nworkings of the human mind in the formative period.", "chunk_index": 988, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 965, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_989", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It \nis a remote view but a significant one, and a correction of \nthe nearer view of modern days in which momentous \nachievements have changed the face of the earth, and seem¬ \ningly the features of the human mind. Yet it is not to be \ndoubted that all races, including the ancestors of the pres¬ \nent dominant ones, have had to struggle long and tediously \nthrough the earlier, simpler periods of evolution. Does the \nrate of their emergence, their skill in securing control of \nnatural resources, measure their psychic stature, and thus \nfurnish a reliable measure of their inherent endowment? \nSome peoples seem still to be fixed in the Stone Age or the \nMetal Age; in remote portions of the globe, the step from \nsavagery to civilization seems to have been made at vari¬ \nous times, under different stress of conditions, and to have \nassumed fairly variable expressions.", "chunk_index": 989, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 873, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_990", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Cultures embodying \nhigh stages of evolution have come and gone; cruder races \nhave conquered more advanced ones and have absorbed \nand carried forward the achievements of the vanquished \nand the displaced. The European discovery of America \nbrought a primitive culture in direct contact with a ma- \n400 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nture civilization; the contrast of the situation seems \nto our outlook overpowering and essentially a picture of \ncontrasted racial-psychic endowments. The historical con¬ \nsequence seems inevitable—the dominance of the one race, \nthe extermination of the other. In the stupendous trans¬ \nformation of a continent through four centuries, vastly ac¬ \ncelerated in the last two generations, the native American \nIndian has taken no part; his inferiority seems established. \nIn this view race tells; blood is decisive.", "chunk_index": 990, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 846, "length_words": 125 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_991", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "There is, however, another side to the argument, for \nwhich another American experience furnishes an apt il¬ \nlustration—a great racial experiment in the transplanta¬ \ntion of an alien people from primitive African condition, \nand its enforced enlistment in the service of the white \nman’s pursuits. In a few generations the negro has found \nadjustment—doubtless of a somewhat simpler and lowlier \norder—to the habits of life that were the slowly maturing \nproducts of centuries of transferred culture, incorporating \nthe most complex achievements of humanity. Speaking \nbroadly, the negro mind has been adequate to follow and \nadopt the patterns of activity evolved by a culture rated \nas vastly superior, infinitely more complex than that in \nwhich he would now find himself, had he remained in his \noriginal habitat.", "chunk_index": 991, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 819, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_992", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The argument seems to divide at a criti¬ \ncal point: Is the fair criterion the ability of a race to \nevolve independently and from within its own resources the \nachievements of civilization—in other words, an inherent \naptitude for civilization [9], or is it the ability to find ad¬ \njustment when the machinery is provided, to work under \nthe scheme when circumstances require or invite? Is it \nthe capacity to emerge, or the capacity of the race to main¬ \ntain itself on this or that level, however attained? \nThe reasons for adopting the latter criterion are weighty; \nfor these alone are applicable to the vast majority of men, \nof whatever race or stage of culture. The racial genius \nrises high in a few selected members, who alone invent, \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 401 \nmodify, improve, contribute constructively to the ensemble \nwhich the rest utilize, apply, contrive in large or small \nmeasure to adopt and adapt. The few set the patterns; \nthe many follow them.", "chunk_index": 992, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_993", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "If we gauge the mental status of \nthe average of the white race by the actual accomplish¬ \nments of this average, we may feel secure in concluding \nthat the average status of the white race is appreciably \nhigher than of the black race; but we could hardly ascribe \nto the difference any decisive or inordinate degree. It \nmight be true—to venture a statement in quantitative form \n—that the degree of intellectual capacity attained by eighty \nor ninety per cent, of the superior race would be \nattained only by sixty or seventy per cent, of the in¬ \nferior race; and what is true of mental is presumably \ntrue of moral, or esthetic considerations. On this supposi¬ \ntion the overlapping community of equipment, parity of \nendowment, would be far more conspicuous than the favor¬ \ning excess. In our own rating of the advantage there \nmight accrue to the modest measure of superiority a very \nmomentous consequence, as in turn measured by success \nand station in the accredited vocations.", "chunk_index": 993, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_994", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In consequence \nthereof one race would assert its domination or social \nprestige, and the other acquiesce in the relation and accept \nthe subordinate place. But such an issue may mean that \nthe one racial equipment is better suited to prevail in such \nan environment, and that the environment represents the \nslow evolution of forces favorable to such racial endow¬ \nment. It may be true that to the other race might fall \nthe advantage in a different environment. Once estab¬ \nlished, the dominant culture absorbs and conditions the ex¬ \npression of endowment, and selects the individuals capable \nof participating in the favored employments.", "chunk_index": 994, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 643, "length_words": 102 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_995", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "We are thus \nbrought face to face with the network of assumptions upon \nwhich, quite subconsciously—with the prejudices in favor \nof its own proficiencies, natural to each race and desirable \nto maintain its self-respect—we infer the superiority of our \n402 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nown race from its creditable achievements, from the re¬ \nsulting cultural contrasts of living thus brought about.", "chunk_index": 995, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 398, "length_words": 60 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_996", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Natural as it is and in some sense legitimate “to count the \ngray barbarian lower than the Christian child,” and \nequally defensible to esteem “better fifty years of Europe \nthan a cycle of Cathay,” it is well to make clear the basis \nof such presumptions; whether the “lower pleasures” and \nthe “lower pains” prove the “narrow forehead,” or re¬ \nflect the vacancy “of our glorious gains.” Do “I, the heir \nof all the ages, ’7 find my heritage in a superior capacity and \nendowment, or in the ready-to-use contributions of former \ngenerations, to which, from the outset, my capacities are \ntrained to seek adjustment? \nQuestions such as these illuminate the issue. A psy¬ \nchological consideration of the criteria of capacity narrows \nthe breach between higher and lower races; a historical \nconsideration of achievement and of the contrast of civiliza¬ \ntion with barbarism widens it [10].", "chunk_index": 996, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 890, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_997", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The biological attitude \nseeks evidences of racial superiority not too markedly af¬ \nfected by the environmental stress, or underlying its ex¬ \npression. Three orders of such differentiation have been \nappealed to. The first is that of affiliation to a simpler \nstage in the evolutionary series through which man has \nreached his present human dignity. It has been argued \nthat the inferior races exhibit the traits characteristic of a \nsimian ancestry in larger variety, in more characteristic \ndegree than do the more developed races. In parallel man¬ \nner inferior racial cultures exhibit more prominently the \ntraits of the early stages of a human culture. We must \navoid the assumption that the Negro or other race is in¬ \nferior, and then set down the distinctive “negro” traits \nof the negro skull or heel as evidences of limited develop¬ \nment—an argument quite commonly applied to such details \nas the flat nose of the Negro and of the Mongolian. The \nevidence is ambiguous.", "chunk_index": 997, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_998", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "“The specifically human features \nappear with varying intensity in various races”; “the di- \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 403 \nvergence from the animal ancestor has developed in vary¬ \ning directions” [11]. Even though the first premise held, \nthe conclusion of inferiority would still require a second \npremise to show that the bodily traits are correlated with \nthe mental ones; but “a direct relation between physical \nhabitus and mental endowment does not exist.” Our pre¬ \nsumptions are not disproved, but also not unequivocally \nsupported. There is the danger of transforming a psy¬ \nchological view to a biological issue, while seemingly gather¬ \ning support from it. Less developed races seem to us more \nsavage, more feral in aspect, more brutal in conduct; and \nthis fact may have a real significance, while not carrying \nthe significance of an ultimate racial inferiority.", "chunk_index": 998, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 885, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_999", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It may \nindicate a more limited development, and by that fact, or \nin virtue of it, a more limited capacity for development. \nA second biological test is found in variability. The \nmore variable race is regarded as the higher, since in such \nvariability, if favorable, lies the possibility of the use¬ \nful, the progressive, the initiative step that elevates \nachievement, and advances the generations that profit by \nit. This argument, though complex, has much in its favor. \nThe appearance of a small group of original, creative minds \nin each generation may be accepted as a special manifesta¬ \ntion of the general variability of the group. Races whose \naverage stature is high, or whose intelligence is high, show \na considerable number of very tall men, or very intelligent \nmen, and a decided variation between the extremes of \nheight, as also notable instances of giants and geniuses. \nLarge uniformity tends to a preponderating mediocrity.", "chunk_index": 999, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1000", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The presence of a few exceptional men may have an enor¬ \nmous influence upon the racial progress as embodied in \nachievement; accordingly the ability to produce these, while \nintrinsically a slight differentiation in biological terms, \nmay prove a momentous one in its issues. This trait is \npresumably responsible for much of the contrast of races \nin achievement—a rapidly cumulative contrast—and thus \n404 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nbecomes an index of racial status—a criterion of the rel¬ \native (psychological) plasticity or fixity of the racial type. \nThe greater variability of man as compared with woman \nproduces a cumulative contrast of like order, and sets the \nkeynote to the qualities of masculine achievement. The \ncomparison with physical variability is inconclusive. \nTraits of one order may be rigidly limited, of another fairly \nplastic, and yet equally carried forward in the racial heri¬ \ntage.", "chunk_index": 1000, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1001", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Physical racial characteristics are not as stable as \nwas formerly assumed; they, too, show modification un¬ \nder new environments [12]. Moreover, variability of a \nbiological and physiological nature may stand in uncertain \nrelation to the mental variability from which emerges the \nindividual assertion favorable to progress. For the fixity, \nthe non-progressiveness of cultures, is a characteristic of \nvery widely separated orders of society; it may be an ex¬ \npression of the strength of the social organization in re¬ \npressing such individual assertion as appears, rather than \nan evidence of its non-existence. Peoples fairly compar¬ \nable as to race, achieve and utilize very different or¬ \nders of culture; race alone does not suffice to determine \nachievement; again, peoples of fairly contrasted and \nwholly unrelated racial stock develop and remain in sub¬ \nstantially the same unprogressive conditions.", "chunk_index": 1001, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 916, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1002", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Races \nachieving a high order of civilization have degenerated; \nregeneration is possible. Until it becomes possible to dis¬ \nentangle the order of variability from their variable con¬ \nditioning factors, their interpretation must be inconclu¬ \nsive. \nA third type of evidence relates to precocity. The \nearlier maturity of primitive races, both physiological and \npsychological, seems established, though there is some ques¬ \ntion as to its significance as a sign of racial status. But \neven with liberal allowance for the effect which domestica¬ \ntion produces in the forcing and retardation of powers, \nand with an appreciation of the fact that early arrest of \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 405 \ndevelopment may not be wholly a disadvantage or sign of \ninferiority, the argument carries weight. The less developed \nraces reach maturity, physiological and psychological, and \nin turn approach the decline of senility, more quickly than \nthe higher races.", "chunk_index": 1002, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1003", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The evolution of race widens the span \nof the efficient life, despite the fact, or through the fact, \nthat it increases the era of preparation. Forcing and re¬ \ntardation are not eliminated; condition may still be effec¬ \ntive. Psychologically, the greater simplicity of the cul¬ \ntural range to which adjustment must be achieved, places \nthat accomplishment within the range of the earlier age; \nthe same applies within the social levels of all cultures. \nThe individual maturity is hastened by responsibility, by \nbeing thrown upon the individual resources, by withdraw¬ \ning the shelter in which immaturity finds its protection. \nPhysiological function is less susceptible to this influence \nthan is psychological expression, but is not withdrawn from \nit. Duly considered in kind and degree as earlier inde¬ \npendence and earlier decay, precocity may be regarded as \na significant clew to differentiation.", "chunk_index": 1003, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1004", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That girls mature \nearlier than boys is likewise a conclusion consistent with \nthe more infantile status of woman, bringing her at once \ncloser to the status of the race and to the child. Woman \nis also held to preserve the racial type more thoroughly \nthan man, notably so in primitive races. The consistency \nof the argument in its several phases strengthens its \nplausibility in its most direct application [13]. Under this \ncomposite view a highly evolved race would present a \ngreater differentiation from the primitive (physical) type, \na large variability among its members, an extended cycle \nof life, slow maturing of maximum powers and late decline, \nwhile yet expressing vigor of endowment in the rapid prog¬ \nress of early years. Such generic criteria, confessedly in¬ \nadequate, serve but to outline a portion of the background \nagainst which the differentiations of race are projected.", "chunk_index": 1004, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 899, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1005", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In retrospect, the potencies conferred by dower of sex, \n406 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nassets and liabilities alike, remain paramount. Nature is \nunwilling to relinquish or subordinate the primary expres¬ \nsion of the specialized organism. Sex stands apart, pre¬ \neminent, unassailable, enduring, and above all compre¬ \nhensive. Sex does not narrowly condition, but broadly \nmolds, or, in more delicate manner, colors the mode of ex¬ \npression of the individual qualities, all carried along in \nthe common stream of inheritance, at once generically ra¬ \ncial, and more specifically and intimately ancestral. In a \nsimilar view race appears as an original biological emphasis, \nuncertain in origin, indefinite in import, and even in its \npresent mixed assertiveness as a momentous conditioning \nfactor in the distribution of quality.", "chunk_index": 1005, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 833, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1006", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Racial traits, func¬ \ntion as derivative blendings of more fundamental traits, \nby-products of earlier demands of adjustment now turned \nto transferred service; the presumptive parent racial traits \nare accessible only hypothetically in the qualities of their \nissues. The racial achievement becomes the historical man¬ \nifestation—in no sense an historical accident—of the racial \ngenius in operation; it cannot be regarded as a definite \nmeasure of endowment, but cannot be disregarded in any \nappraisal. The racial factor is of all the least susceptible \nto experiment. The student of race is never able to ap¬ \npraise pure races living under comparable environments, \nbut always mixed races subject to complex and variable \ncondition [14]. The racial factor is overlaid by, and in¬ \nvolved with, other types of group-traits, which, along with \nsex and race, form the generic determiners of the individual \ntemperament and character.", "chunk_index": 1006, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1007", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Race forms the outermost circle of the hereditary forces \nconverging upon the individual; remote ancestry and im¬ \nmediate family occupy the intermediate zones. The in¬ \ndividual quality owes its largest determination to the im¬ \nmediate ancestry, the specific influence of any one factor \nof the heritage rapidly waning with remoteness of kinship. \nThe closer community of inheritance, which is read in the \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 407 \ncloser resemblance of traits, demonstrates the tendency of \nthe stock to breed true, true in detail as well as in type. \nWhere qualities are pronounced in degree and recognizable \nin their bearing, the argument is definite and the evidence \nconvincing. Galton’s study of the ancestry and interrela¬ \ntions of men of genius conclusively showed how largely \nthe capacity which such distinction involves is a dower of \nthe family stock [15].", "chunk_index": 1007, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 883, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1008", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It was shown that the hereditary \nfactor is more decisive in families producing extremely dis¬ \ntinguished representatives than in those standing high but \nnot highest in the group. Further studies of eminent men \nextended the evidence that general ability and specific \nabilities “run” in families, that the degree of kinship to \nan eminent man carries almost a quantitative increase of \nprobability of decided capacity in the nearest and next of \nkin. Although women are themselves far less commonly \ndistinguished than men, the chances of inheriting the \ncapacity for distinction are equally distributed in the ma¬ \nternal and in the paternal lines of relationship. When \nfurther extended to types of qualities of more nearly or¬ \ndinary range, the evidence remains consistent, though often \nuncertain by reason of its complexity. Mental and moral \nqualities are in some sense heritable; the accumulation of \ndata tends to strengthen and refine the conclusion.", "chunk_index": 1008, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 963, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1009", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A \nricher endowment of the intellectual (psychic) nature is \nthe prized quality of race and family. Traits, whatever \ntheir bearing upon the endowment in terms of which men \ncompete and contribute to the work of the world, must be \nprimarily selected, and then valued and cultivated. Lead¬ \ners of men form the choicest product of the choicest strains \nof mankind. In terms of their common qualities as well \nas of their distinctive ones, men find their level. Stand¬ \nards of attainment, in lieu of standards of endowment or \ncombining with them, become the means by which society \nplaces its recognitions and expresses its approvals. The \ngroup-traits thus resulting express the tendencies for the \n408 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nvariable heredities of men to conform to definite types of \nendowment. \nWhile specific traits “run” in families, the same orders \nof traits are widely distributed in different hereditary \nstrains.", "chunk_index": 1009, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1010", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Different peoples go through comparable stages of \nculture; different communities are composed of comparable \ntypes of men. The common trait is convincing when it \npresents a definite physical or psychological clew. Physi¬ \ncal strength and musical ability may be selected as typ¬ \nical instances; both are conspicuously hereditary, widely \ndistributed, and recognizable. The one, variously service¬ \nable, may lead under Anglo-Saxon auspices to distinc¬ \ntion in athletics; the other is a specific distinction, though \nwith temperamental affiliations. Men come by their ath¬ \nleticism or their musicianship no differently than they \ncome by their blue eyes or tall stature. The heredity is \nunitary; men, like races, are equipped for life and com¬ \npete not by one but by a composite of qualities. Physical \nstrength carries with it a large determination of other qual¬ \nities; musical ability is a more specialized excellence. \nBoth serve to develop common interests, expressions, char¬ \nacters.", "chunk_index": 1010, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1011", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "While the basis for athletic proficiency is laid in natural \nendowment, the place which the trait finds in this or in \nanother expression depends upon the environmental set¬ \nting. In the life of ancient Greece a man’s physique \ncounted strongly; the winner of the Olympic games be¬ \ncame a national hero. Jousts, duels, challenges, sports, \ncontests of all sorts, express a like appreciation of a com¬ \nmon physical fitness, and of the part belonging to it in the \ndesirable qualifications of men. Ideals enter to determine \nhow the appeal is met. The doctrine of “mens sana in \ncorpore sano” leads to one perspective; the sentiment that \nthe body is a lure to passion leads to asceticism and the \ncastigation of the flesh. The requirement that Rhodes \nscholars shall excel alike in intellectual capacity and in \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 409 \nphysique reflects the modern view of their integral rela¬ \ntions. Physique is valued for what it brings.", "chunk_index": 1011, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1012", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Big men \nand strong ones are “naturally” confident, as small and \nslight men are as “naturally” shrinking and deferential. \nPresence and bearing confer a dignity that is psychological \nas well as physical, and may become an important factor \nin preferment. The trait of physique affects and condi¬ \ntions careers directly and indirectly. The explorer or the \nfrontiersman finds physical fitness an indispensable equip¬ \nment. The physician, as the exemplar of physical recti¬ \ntude, finds in his physique an aid in his ministrations. \nThe less specialized callings of an arduous life (sailor, \nminer, carrier, hewer, blacksmith) find their work through \nthe fitness of physique. The fundamental physical endow¬ \nment determines conduct and career, and sets apart those \nwho share a common favoring of physique from those who \nlack it.", "chunk_index": 1012, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 834, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1013", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In its transferred employment its consequences \nare equally significant; for the underlying energy that \nmaintains vocational activity determines the quality and \nmeasure of response. More derivatively, the common pos¬ \nsessors of a group-trait present a sympathetic bond of \ncongenial expressions, like interests, and similar tastes, and \n“naturally” drift to similar careers. Mental energy and \nphysical energy have an inherent relation, though by no \nmeans an identical basis. The group-traits selected for \nemphasis owe their selection to their prominent parts in \nshaping the qualities of men. \nThe musical gift—equally, though far more delicately, \na matter of endowment—conditions no other fitness than \nits own expression. Those who find their careers in this \ntalent require the sustaining qualities of the artistic tem¬ \nperament; and that in turn may be referred to a mode, a \nquality in the adjustment of the ordinary factors of re¬ \nsponse.", "chunk_index": 1013, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 953, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1014", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the conspicuously musical families the gift de¬ \ntermines career; the call of the “muse,” and of that one \nalone, is insistent. In the wider and less marked distribu- \n410 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ntion of the trait among the ordinary or selected rnn of \npersons, the possession becomes a modest contributor to \nthe affective life. Viewed practically its place is slight and \nhardly touches the generic factors, the larger determiners \nof action. The musician lives a highly specialized life. \nThe musical endowment in the favored individual supplies \na specialized outlet for emotional expression, leavens the \nmass of practical interests, and shapes the inner qualities \nof the mind. It is a by-product of luxury and affects not \nthe fundamental but the leisurely qualities of response. \nAs the quality is generalized, it becomes the artistic sus¬ \nceptibility—already adequately considered—and plays its \npart in the community of human expression.", "chunk_index": 1014, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1015", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In so far as \nthe artistic and the athletic bent may be opposed—marked \nvigor of physique tending away from the sensitive endow¬ \nment of the artist, and responsible for such selective con¬ \ntrasts as the erect pose and sturdy build of the soldier and \nthe stooping shoulders and slight frame of the scholar— \nsuch contrasts indicate the underlying affiliations of the \nfactors of endowment, the compatibilities of temperamental \ntraits, individual and in their recurrence generic. \nGroup-traits yield a more distinctive psychology when \nthey confer a more or less pronounced deviation from the \ntype. The psychology of genius [16] is significant through \nits large consequence to racial progress; its interpretation \nforms a vexed problem. The conception of genius as a \nmarked superiority of the components of the ordinary man \nmakes the genius an intelligible superman, a more highly \nevolved exemplar of the foremost ranks of men.", "chunk_index": 1015, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 934, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1016", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The con¬ \nception of genius as a wayward endowment with difficulty \nheld to a profitable orbit, emphasizes the sanity of normal¬ \nity and the price of deviation. However the views be rec¬ \nonciled or combined, the specialized nature of high talents \ncomes forward to reenforce the view that what genius pre¬ \nsents in extreme measure is a group-trait of mankind \nbrought by a fortunate play of circumstance to abundant \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 411 \nfruition. Men of genius, like their more ordinary coun¬ \nterparts among the well endowed, readily fall into the \ngroups of men of thought, men of feeling, and men of ac¬ \ntion. The relations underlie the specialized proficiencies; \nthey represent the indispensable equipment for maintain¬ \ning the adjustments of life in well ordered efficiency, which, \nwith the added talent, prepares for the highest service.", "chunk_index": 1016, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 866, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1017", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In this division the men of feeling unmistakably exhibit \nthe largest tendency to irregular and difficult expression, \nand through this liability exhibit their community with the \nqualities of the nervous temperament and its possible dis¬ \nastrous issues in the abnormal. The specialized bent of the \nman of genius or the man of parts, indicates the determining \npower of a talent to dominate career, to direct effort, to \nshape the quality of responsiveness in general. Equally \npertinent is the formulation that what inherently deter¬ \nmines the specialized talent carries a larger and secondary \nrange of determination; and in this similarity—like the \nsimilarities of sex or race, but of a different orbit of ex¬ \npression—lies the basis of the group-trait, the recurring \ntype-forms of character with which the biographer as well \nas the observer of all sorts and conditions of men deal \nwhen they record their impressions and estimates of men.", "chunk_index": 1017, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 949, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1018", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The analysis of a “social” class such as criminals yields \na contrasted aspect of group-traits. The view of the crim¬ \ninal as one born to such fate places him as a natural type; \nthe view of the criminal as the product of his circumstances \nmakes him an environmental type. In either view crim¬ \ninality is, like all careers, an expression, the result of \nexposure of a certain type of endowment to a certain \nstress of forces. The defective stock makes the group- \ntrait [17]. Feebleness of resistance and control, suggesti¬ \nbility to the contagion of the easiest way, susceptibility to \nthe cruder appeals of passion and desire—such are the psy¬ \nchological fundamentals of the endowment for which a \ncareer of crime is not inevitable but highly probable under \n412 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nthe conditions of modern society. The criminal is not born \nto crime but to the liabilities of his defects.", "chunk_index": 1018, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 904, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1019", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The criminal \nby accident exemplifies the preponderance of circumstance \nin the conflict of impulse. The group-traits of the criminal \nclasses form a consistent “complex,” supplying an outlet \nof expression for certain deviating—in this instance \npsychologically defective and socially undesirable trends. \nIn all such “complexes” nature and nurture combine and \ncooperate. The group-traits of the criminal classes reflect \nthe common traits of the psychologically defective and the \nacquired community of traits growing out of anti-social \noccupations. Neither group of traits is exclusive; all men \npresent the qualities of their defects; the aptitudes that \nfind expression in the criminal career are not different \nfrom those entering into the pursuit of more legitimate \noccupations. The individual follows the bent of his en¬ \ndowment ; and others of similar endowment by a like proc¬ \ness develop common group-traits in the pursuit of their \ncareers.", "chunk_index": 1019, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1020", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "No differently the temperamentally shy and timid \nturn to professions—such as the intellectual ones or the \nartistic ones—which can be pursued largely in solitude, and \navoid difficult social contacts and the management of men. \nThe endowments of group-traits qualify and limit; they \nconfer potencies and impose handicaps as they specialize, \nbut specialize only generically in types of character. \nGroup-traits are specialized qualifications and limitations \nmore or less commonly recurring, distributed by natural \nprocesses and brought to expression by a common type of \nresponsiveness to a common conditioning environment [18].", "chunk_index": 1020, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 632, "length_words": 89 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1021", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The communities established by sex, race, comparable \nstocks, and related ancestries, when further fused by ac¬ \nquired traditions, ideals, culture, language, intellectual in¬ \nheritance and standard applications, stand forth as the \nunderlying bases—democratic in their massive assertive¬ \nness—of the common and communal enterprises and inter¬ \nests, the common appeals of the social and the organized \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 413 \nlife. Yet no less are the distinctions of such heredities \nand the contrasts of classes in endowment and station di¬ \nrective for the understanding of the qualities of men in¬ \ndividually and collectively. The large practical signifi¬ \ncance of the group-traits of men as the basis of their social \nequipment appears in their further issues under the play \nof the social structure. \nIt is pertinent to recall that the group-trait is, in a \nsense, a logical construction; the reality is the individual \nand his traits.", "chunk_index": 1021, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1022", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Yet in the natural scale, the distinctive¬ \nness of the average individual is slight. “John Smith’s77 \ntraits are generic as well as specific, and in their conven¬ \ntional expression of an average endowment become the \nqualities of the generalized “John Smith,77 standardized \nby the like action of a like range of circumstances. In the \norganized, institutionalized world, group-traits of a natural \norder are overlaid by differentiations of an artificial or¬ \nder ; even the reactions of sex are determined by the ideals \nof manliness and womanliness. Race is absorbed and re¬ \ndirected by national qualities; natural history gives way to \ninstitutional history; group-traits become class-traits; en¬ \ndowments are reflected in careers. That the group-traits \nof common or congenial endowment remain real is shown \nby the bonds of sympathetic understanding which they \nfurther. Men comprehend men, and women women, to a \nmeasure debarred to the opposite sex.", "chunk_index": 1022, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1023", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Race appeals to \nrace, and nation to nation, with a sense of solidarity arti¬ \nficially cultivated as a racial or a national consciousness, \nbut thus readily cultivated by reason of an underlying \nnucleus of natural favoring. Similarly once established, \nthe occupational set becomes at once a molding force and \na consistent expression of natural bias, which also binds and \naffiliates groups of men. For the most part the trend is \nnot so strong nor the vocation so specialized as in the case \nof the artist, for whom the career is determined by his spe¬ \ncialized proficiency; the choice of a profession is a practical \n414 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nand a critical inquiry as to the nature of one ?s endowment, \ntasks, inclinations, opportunities. The decisive leaning may \nbe slight, but, if at all congenial, grows by what it feeds \nupon. Circumstances control, and changes of occupation \nmay be less common than the desires for them.", "chunk_index": 1023, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 940, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1024", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "By and \nlarge, professional men and business men, farmers and \nranchmen, speculators and politicians, executives and of¬ \nficials, mechanics and artisans, present within each group \nmore or less common traits upon a slight natural fitness \nreadily acted upon by training and tradition. Once de¬ \nveloped the career becomes responsible for the secondary \ncommunity of traits, which form the actual group-traits to \nwhich psychological and economical forces make their ap¬ \npeal. In the occupational adjustment lies the practical \nregulation and adjustment of the traits of men to the work \nof the world. \nThough the vocational bent, which expresses a form of \nspecialization of a group-trait, controls the dominant ac¬ \ntivity, it may absorb and make articulate but one phase of \nenergies and interest; it may be a little more than a con¬ \ncession, even an uncongenial one, to the necessity of \nearning a livelihood.", "chunk_index": 1024, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1025", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Avocations and general interests, \nreflecting endowment, furnish a wide basis for the sym¬ \npathies of men, of equal or greater intrinsic import. So¬ \ncial station plays a marked part in fixing community of in¬ \nterest and intercourse, and divides as well as unites. Aris¬ \ntocracy has its distinctive psychology, as bourgeoisie has \nits group-traits. The urbanity and cosmopolitanism of \nthe city, and the rusticity and simplicity of the country, \noffer the sharpest contrasts of closely allied stocks of men! \nThe national psychologies of Briton or Teuton, or still \nmore narrowly of English, Scotch, or Irish, no less than \nof Prussian, Saxon, or Bavarian, are to our specialized \nview adequately distinctive, and leave their impress upon \ncharacter. North and South, East and West, Occidental \nand Oriental, develop group-psychologies as sharply con- \nTHE PSYCHOLOGY OF GROUP-TRAITS 415 \ntrasted in traits of mind and habit of response as in ap¬ \npearance and custom.", "chunk_index": 1025, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1026", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The individual both naturally \nshares in, and acquires, the traits of his group and class; \nand the range and composition and mode of expression \nof his traits are determined by such participation. “John \nSmith” is each and all of these influences merged and \nmassed, individualized and modified, yet more generically \ncomposed in accordance with the type-forms of traits that \naffiliate him to others of his kind. Endowment does not \nretire but is overlaid in its expression, conventionalized in \nits application, standardized in its issue. Through such \nconsiderations, the analysis of the sources of human qual¬ \nity leads to an applied psychology of human values, as \nnatural temperament is embodied in environmental char¬ \nacter. \nCHAPTER VIII \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT \nThe statement that life is character in action finds its \ncomplement in the condition that conduct is ever set in \ncircumstance.", "chunk_index": 1026, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1027", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Endowment summarizes the subjective, en¬ \nvironment, the objective, determinants of conduct. In the \ntemperamental aspects of expression endowment is central \nin life as in presentation; character as the reflex of \nthe environment is now to be made the focus of considera¬ \ntion. The environment is primarily a biological setting; \nfor animal life it is conclusively so. The instincts of wild \nanimals carry the stamp of environmental adjustment; \ndomestication is man’s readjustment of them. In the hu¬ \nman kind the natural environment combines with the man- \nmade artificial one of extended scope, which at higher \nlevels becomes commanding.", "chunk_index": 1027, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 644, "length_words": 97 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1028", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For present-day conditions \nthe environment is substantially what the community— \nthrough the heritage of previous communities—has made \nit; it includes the reconstructed material and economic \nbases of life, and more distinctively the intellectual, esthetic, \nand moral atmosphere—the conventional and institutional \nintercourse—in which modern men have their being. Yet \nthe physical aspects of circumstances continue to exert a \nvast influence, to favor or hamper the issues of endowment \neven under the complex reconstructions. \nIn primeval conditions the environment acts as a direct \npressure. Climate and habitat originally condition adapta¬ \ntion; the physical surroundings apply a stress that encour¬ \nages the trends best adapted to prevail in the struggle for \nexistence, and compels adjustment through penalty of loss \nor retirement.", "chunk_index": 1028, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 845, "length_words": 118 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1029", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The best adapted individuals and groups \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 417 \nsurvive; through such favored members the race prevails \nas a whole, by virtue of a favorable composite of traits. \nThe stream of heredity carries the entire range of qualities; \nenduring superiority is possible only through the assurance \nof a progeny to inherit and continue the favoring traits. \nThis eugenic argument illuminates backward as well as \nforward. With conditions primitive and constant, advan¬ \ntage fell more directly to reproductive superiority. The \nstronger, the more influential, those who satisfied the tribal \nstandards best, prevailed; and their descendants likewise. \nAt all levels is it true that any type of superiority that is \ntoo seriously offset by a lowered reproductive vigor cannot \nmaintain itself [1]. Heredity and environment are the \noriginal forces of selection. Adaptation and elimination \nproceed together.", "chunk_index": 1029, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 923, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1030", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The consciousness of racial integrity and \nthe maintenance of racial tradition pervade the practices of \nprimitive cultures. There is obviously no explicit compre¬ \nhension—such as is available to our generation—that race \nimprovement must proceed upon such control of heredity \nas may be practicable. The appreciation of the sanctity of \nnatural forces is directly, if naively, expressed in the loy¬ \nalty to tribal custom and tradition. Practices become estab¬ \nlished, based in part upon sensibilities or prejudice, sup¬ \nported by the belief that conformity strengthens, and that \nviolation of tribal custom weakens racial vigor and sta¬ \nbility. Such beliefs become effective in the assertive racial \nconsciousness that unites generations and preserves their \ncontinuity. In the same cultural medium there is de¬ \nveloped a regimen of training directed to the mastery of \nthe environment and adjustment to it.", "chunk_index": 1030, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 914, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1031", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The organization \nof primitive society shows conclusively—in addition to the \ninfluence of physical environment—the powerful “psy¬ \nchological” regulation of conduct by customs and beliefs. \nThe dual source of environmental influence underlies the \ncourse of development of civilization, and of the qualities \nwhich civilization selects and fosters. \n418 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nWhile distinctive in his power to react upon the environ¬ \nment, man, in common with other organisms, found life de¬ \ntermined by physical conditions; in this aspect the food- \nquest was directive. Man’s omnivorous diet facilitated his \nadaptability to varieties of habitat; he became a dweller \nanywhere from the arctic zone to the tropics, a migratory \nexploring animal, predatory by the exercise of wit rather \nthan of natural armament.", "chunk_index": 1031, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 821, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1032", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Just how the process of adapta¬ \ntion was carried on, how far climatic severities eliminated \nthe unfit, how far the habitat brought forward traits to \nfuller expression and fixed the range of human or racial \nendowment, is uncertain. The continued play of like forces \nmay be observed in all stages of culture in limited, indirect, \nrefined measure. It may plausibly be argued that the dif¬ \nferentiation of race itself, like the conspicuous derivative \nracial traits, represents an original specialized adjustment \nto climate, to the physical environment, and to the mode \nof life thus outwardly conditioned. The vigor, resource¬ \nfulness, venture, of Northern races contrast with the less \nenterprising unconcern, the leisurely softer qualities of the \nSouthern ones.", "chunk_index": 1032, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 770, "length_words": 117 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1033", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "More specifically and despite the equaliza¬ \ntions of modern life, the chill gray skies of England con¬ \ntinue to affect the stern reserve and orderly industry of \nthe British character, as the blue skies of Italy’s balmy \natmosphere induces an easy-going direction of life. In \nsuch issues physical conditions join with and play upon \nnatural inclination. The abundance of semi-tropical climes \nmakes way for dreamy contemplation and a mystic emo¬ \ntionalism in one aspect, and in another for easy-going leis¬ \nure and a taste for the amenities of life; courtesy, affability, \nsympathy, combining with traditional benefits of culture, \ndevelop a psychological expansiveness, as they reflect a \nclimatic exuberance.", "chunk_index": 1033, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 715, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1034", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That, in further contrast, the leisure \nthus developed becomes an accepted privilege and industry \nretires to a modest place in the scheme of life, while in \nmore rugged environments leisure or idleness is looked upon \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 419 \nas a shirking of obligation, is a social-moral by-prodnct in \nideals. Shiftlessness may be the economic price of the one, \na restless unadjusted energy and sensationalism of the \nother. Circumstances do not rigidly determine but invite \nthese issues. Once set, the qualities favored by circum¬ \nstance, are further favored by social ideals, by conformity \nto tradition, by approved patterns of conduct. \nAdjustment to condition plays a constant part in the de¬ \ntermination of conduct and character alike. Adaptability \nis itself a quality of adjustment, in satisfaction of the de¬ \nmand asserted by the environment.", "chunk_index": 1034, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 870, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1035", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The changeable un¬ \ncertainty and seasonal variation of northern climates impose \nrequirements of vigor in one response, of industry and fore¬ \nthought in another, to meet the stresses of nature’s severer \nmoods. A meteorological adaptation persists as a favor¬ \ning condition in psychological expression. A susceptibility \nto climate still inheres in the nervous organization, and for \nmany a temperament makes work under unadapted climatic \nconditions trying and shorn of its best issues. Extreme \ncold obstructs favorable effort; extreme heat prostrates the \nnervous resources. Despite the artificial control of this \nlarge factor of temperature, men still seek the conditions \nthat agree with their nervous systems—a climate hot or \ncold, exacting or temperate, of high altitude or low, moist \nor dry, changeable or equable.", "chunk_index": 1035, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 828, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1036", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It remains a temperamental \ndecision whether the equability that relieves the necessity \nof the seasonal adjustment and the vicissitudes of weather, \nleads to a steady output of energy or to a general relaxing \ndisinclination to effort. The daily and seasonal routine \nmust be adapted to the exigencies of climate. Custom and \ntradition embody the wisdom of experience in such as in \nother adaptations. The regularity of employment and its \nmonotony, as may be demanded by economic ends, cannot \nsafely ignore psychological and physical condition. The \npsychical influences of weather may be traced statistically \nin the progress or the refractoriness of school-children, in \n420 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nthe fluctuations of insanity and of suicide—greater in the \nlate spring when the unaccustomed heat sets in and great¬ \nest in mid-summer—and in many other types of fluctua¬ \ntions.", "chunk_index": 1036, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 887, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1037", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Meteorological sensibility is suggestive of a subcon¬ \nscious, organic type of response—a survival of what \noriginally may have played a more directive part in secur¬ \ning adjustment. \nIn individual susceptibility directly, and indirectly in \ncollective achievement, the impress of physical condition is \nfelt. In extreme contrasts the influence is marked; life in \nthe arctic regions, and hardly less so in the tropics, is in¬ \ncompatible with a favorable intellectual development; the \nclimate is too exacting, too decisively controlling. Climate \nin its typical effect loses its controlling direction and com¬ \nbines with other environmental factors of a complex civiliza¬ \ntion to modify the closer details of adjustment, and through \nthem moderately affects the character of communities and \ncareers. The frequent necessity of finding adjustment un¬ \nder effort may dispose to the making of effort, which habit \nbecomes available as a psychic trait directed to all manners \nof employment.", "chunk_index": 1037, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1038", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The seasons change disposition and in¬ \nterests alike; winter and summer by contrast enhance the \nappeal of each and supply a wider range of incentive. An \nadjustment through habit and the play of temperament may \nequalize vantage and disadvantage; in the larger statistical \nrun the influence tells. The great cultural movements \nstanding in closer relation to modern occidental civiliza¬ \ntions, as well as the centers of present-day economic ini¬ \ntiative and intellectual progress, belong to the peoples \ndwelling in temperate zones. Historians trace the potent \ninfluence of climate and habitat upon the stream of events, \nas upon the characters of peoples participating in them, \nbut emphasize as well the economic and sociological en¬ \nvironment as the efficient medium of their expression [2]. \nThe joint issues of natural and artificial condition supply \nthe more pertinent and convincing illustrations.", "chunk_index": 1038, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1039", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 421 \nfrontier represents not merely a type of physical environ¬ \nment, attracting and developing selected qualities, but \nequally an economic situation, likewise a sociological and a \npsychological one. The physical life, and the associated \ninterests, attitude, standards, develop together and consist¬ \nently. Dwellers in mountain fastnesses or in the open \nplains find their activities determined, as is their physical \nhorizon, by the prospect that confronts them. The sea \nmolds occupation and character alike. The insularity of \nGreat Britain comes to be a psychological rather than a \ngeographical trait. All local habitations worthy of a \nname—and not abused Boston alone—come to be states of \nmind rather than positions on the map. However broadly \nthe term is extended, the original environmental influence \nmust ever be considered, of which climate and topography \nare typical.", "chunk_index": 1039, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 923, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1040", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Such environment not alone determines the \nconditions of existence, and thereby develops selected ranges \nof quality, but in what it supplies and in what it demands, \nfurther directs the growth of the slighter artificial read¬ \njustments which are distinctive of the civilized, organized \nlife. Man is above all the animal that makes or remakes \nhis environment; he changes the face of nature, but more \ndistinctively the conditions upon which nature yields a live¬ \nlihood. What is true of his physical environment becomes \nstill truer of his mental one. Cave-dweller or cliff- \ndweller, or pitching his tent as he wanders, he repeatedly \nshapes his habitat to his needs, and secures control of na¬ \nture to facilitate the satisfaction of his desires. Nomad, \nshepherd, or tiller of the soil, he acquires an economic status \nthrough the fact that he does not inertly accept but reacts \nupon the environmental conditions.", "chunk_index": 1040, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1041", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the adjustment of \nendowment to environment lies the clew to his cultural \ndevelopment. \nThe natural food-supply is a comprehensive condition. \nV hen food is abundant without effort, man may vegetate; \nwhen the struggle for existence is severe, the food-quest \n422 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nmay absorb and exhaust all energies. Luxury enfeebles \nand breeds vices in nations as in individuals. Yet more \nfundamentally the release from too constant exertion is nec¬ \nessary to secure the leisure for the development of the arts \nof life. The wealth of nations is indispensable to intel¬ \nlectual triumphs. Civilization develops needs following \nupon the facilities for their satisfaction. The increased \ncontrol of natural forces sets new standards of living; the \nconformity to such standards and the ability to use the ac¬ \nquired resources make the process of adjustment increas¬ \ningly more complex and more artificial.", "chunk_index": 1041, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1042", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Education, casual \nor formal, is the means of acquiring fitness for the environ¬ \nmental demands, always more exacting psychologically than \nmaterially. Furthermore, the environment ceases to be \nwholly or even largely local; contact with other peoples \nleads to compacts as well as to feuds; if extended, it creates \nthe world of barter and exchange. Industry adds artificial \nresources to the natural ones; wealth grows in hand-made \nproducts as well as in natural property. From the days in \nwhich the stone or shell was fashioned to use or ornament, to \nthe age of metals following upon the Stone Age, to the age \nof machinery and scientific technique, the path of invention \nand manufacture developed a growing control of material \nand process. By its encouragement of invention, the eco¬ \nnomic life placed a tremendous emphasis upon a derivative \nset of qualities, retiring those vital in a more primitive ad¬ \njustment, to a secondary but never negligible place.", "chunk_index": 1042, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 970, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1043", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Yet al¬ \ntered conditions of life radically change the direction and \nthe perspective of their exercise. However transformed the \nenvironment, adjustment to it must build upon the native \nvigor of primary traits, reshaping the relative emphasis of \nqualities and their employment, but not too radically alter¬ \ning their nature. The environment offers to the constant \ntraits of endowment new and more versatile outlets. It \ndoes so in part through the stimulus of natural resources; \nit does so eventually, in far greater measure, through the \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 423 \ncontributions of favored individuals for the benefit of them¬ \nselves and their associates. These, first devised as special \nadjustments to circumstance, through the dissemination of \nthe advantages which they confer, become social-environ¬ \nmental forces changing the mode of life. Through their \ndissemination as communal possessions, progress results.", "chunk_index": 1043, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 934, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1044", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Obvious advantage once experienced creates an attitude fa¬ \nvorable to the encouragement of invention, and extends to a \ngeneral alertness of mind in all the details of adjustment of \nwhich the individual life consists. Nature and nurture \ncombine and interact, but in the issue as it touches the \nhigher cultural interests, the artificial redirection becomes \ncommanding, though never exclusive. \nThe natural conditions the economic environment; and \nthe economic reacts upon the sociological environment, one \nphase of which becomes dominant as the intellectual en¬ \nvironment. These terms are not adequate; each presents a \ndistinctive nucleus of a set of composite influences; yet for \nconvenience of reference they may stand for the whole. \nThe natural environment includes climate, soil, topography, \nresources—and these in due course with reference to com¬ \nmercial availability and prospects.", "chunk_index": 1044, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1045", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Countries are rich or \npoor in one or another contributing factor to property; \ntheir wealth shapes their development. Agricultural, in¬ \ndustrial, mining, seafaring, manufacturing facilities de¬ \ntermine the trends of life; such development assures and \nfurther directs the cultural, social and political relations. \nSocial condition and environment react upon one another; \nunless civilization has proceeded far enough to discover, \nutilize, and require the resources, they are practically non¬ \nexistent. A primitive hunting people lives on the same \nland as the mining or lumber-cutting pioneers who succeed \nthem; and their descendants turn to agriculture when the \nland is cleared. The resources are such only to those who \ncan discover and use them. All this is elementary, and \nmoreover retires in significance in presence of yet more \n424 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nartificial aspects of environment.", "chunk_index": 1045, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1046", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The physical environ¬ \nment persists, yet may be quite submerged as an influence \nin the transformed and transforming mode of life, which, \nas cause and as effect, assumes a commanding position in the \ndetermination of the qualities required for adjustment. \nFurthermore, as we apply these considerations to our \nown advanced status, we appreciate that the economic rela¬ \ntions which determine their being and value, also more and \nmore equalize their rating. Facilities of intercourse mingle \nand disseminate the economic and the cultural products, \nthus making artificial environments less distinctive than in \nearlier times when geographical barriers and the strong \nbent of tradition which they furthered, had fuller, com¬ \npleter sway. Similarly the economic environment expands \nto include the entire range of institutional growths which \nfacilitate, protect, and extend the organized relations of \nmen in society.", "chunk_index": 1046, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1047", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Though made real in an incorporated em¬ \nbodiment, such products are psychological; they are main¬ \ntained by an indwelling spirit. There may be ultimate ap¬ \npeals to physical power in peace or war, but right prevails \nmore and more in the spirit of right. Yet more compre¬ \nhensively, institutions reflect views, attitudes, beliefs, de¬ \nsires, sentiments, sensibilities. Their existence, even in \ntheir direct economic relation, is due to the intellectual de¬ \nvelopment which is their source and support. In view of \nthe prominence in such environmental influences of the ra¬ \ntional products of science, arts, and the culture of mind, we \nmay call it the intellectual environment. In view of the \nfact that such relations serve a social purpose and hold to¬ \ngether masses of men and their interplay of interests in a \nsocial organization with all its manifold radiations of atti¬ \ntude and intercourse, we may call it the social or sociological \nenvironment.", "chunk_index": 1047, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1048", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In view of the fact that this massive influ¬ \nence is primarily effective in redirecting the native qualities \nof men, we may call it more generically psychological. \nMoreover, as the standards and ideals thus resulting are \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 425 \nformulated, recorded, and made authoritative, in custom, \nin morality, in tradition, in religion, we may call it moral \nor spiritual. Of the three—natural, economic, and the \ncombined sociological, intellectual, psychological, moral, and \nspiritual forces—the last dominates in complex environ¬ \nments, does so indeed in one manner or another in all but \nthe most primitive stages of human progress; by virtue of \nsuch dominance it becomes the center of theoretical interest \nand of practical consideration.", "chunk_index": 1048, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 767, "length_words": 115 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1049", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Such are the cumulative influences for which the environ¬ \nment stands in present human society; they are maintained \nin and by institutional provisions, conditioned by economic \nand sociological circumstances, furthered by educational \nmeasures, set in a psychological atmosphere more or less \nconsciously effective. The same cluster of composite and \ninteracting influences shape human careers and thereby de¬ \ntermine the interests and expressions of men, through which \nare interpreted the issues of endowment in traits of char¬ \nacter.", "chunk_index": 1049, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 540, "length_words": 77 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1050", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Two parallel lines of argument must be maintained: \nthat generically the environment plays the same part, exer¬ \ncises the same order and direction of influence upon human \ntraits at whatever level the development, as upon the traits \nof organisms under natural surroundings; that the process \nof adjustment is in type similar throughout, and that such \nprimary type of adjustment persists, though restricted in \nscope, modified in its range; furthermore, that the environ¬ \nment for the human organism is distinctive through the \nartificial factors introduced by the control of natural re¬ \nsources, and most comprehensively by the reflex influence \nof the psychological molding forces as expressed in attitude, \nbelief, conduct, desire, and the rationalized, systematized, \nconventionalized direction of endeavor, individual and col¬ \nlective. \nA helpful analogy to the transformation of the human \nenvironment by the hand and the mind of man lies in the \ndomestication of animals.", "chunk_index": 1050, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1051", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Both involve a transformation \n426 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nof traits and their application. The traits of animals avail¬ \nable for such reeducation find their source—the original \nnature of the animal paralleled by the original nature of \nman—in adaptation to natural condition; the reconstructed \ntraits show the same tendency of limitation through ances¬ \ntral fixation. The social and institutional forces act upon \nthe individual man as an environmental influence of im¬ \nposed origin, much as the utilities of animal traits for hu¬ \nman purposes impose upon the domesticated animal the \ndirection of its native qualities. Animals are chosen for \ndomestication because of their adaptability to new condi¬ \ntions. They have in part laid aside their feral nature; \nthose that have resisted the human overtures reflect the \nstronger organic loyalty to their natural history.", "chunk_index": 1051, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1052", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The bars \nof a cage, not unlike those of a prison-cell, express the re¬ \nbellious rejection of the rules of conduct enforced by hu¬ \nman institutions. It would be unfair to infer from such \nrefractoriness a lesser psychological capacity as tested by \npursuits suitable to the natural order of existence. The \ncapacity for domestication, like that for civilization, is an \nuncertain clew to intelligence. It is but one factor in a \ncomposite, which for the human kind comes to be momen¬ \ntous; yet the pacification of the human race is not accom¬ \nplished, and is not likely to be universal until the lion and \nthe lamb lie down in peace together. Civilization repre¬ \nsents man’s partial conversion of his own impulses by a \ngradual control through a social-moral environment, in the \never-widening pursuit of increasing purposes.", "chunk_index": 1052, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 830, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1053", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In his do¬ \nmestication of animals he enlists the animal capacities in a \nsimilarly conditioned service; in the reconstructed world, \nfor animal and man alike, acquired purpose determines the \nstandards of value [3]. \nIn turning the traits of animals to his uses, man has fol¬ \nlowed a composite method of selection and training, which \nnatural forces and his distinctive reaction upon experience \nhave developed in his own “domestication.” In this \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 427 \nprocess traits developed in one habitat to meet recurrent \nnatural conditions persist and are turned to other uses in \nrelated situations of artificial status. The strength of the \nwhose subjection to the yoke formed a momentous step \nin agriculture was developed in the mighty contest for \nsupremacy among the leaders of the herd.", "chunk_index": 1053, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 816, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1054", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The fleetness \nand long-windedness of the horse, which met the herds¬ \nman's needs, and have survived to satisfy man’s sporting \nnature, were developed to enable the horse to outdistance \nthe wolves on the open plain. The donkey’s mountaineer¬ \ning skill was the result of his search on the rough hillsides \nfor shelter from the beasts of prey, with no reference to \nlater service as a pack-animal. The generous udder of the \ncow, that has become the alma mater of the human race, \nwas developed to meet the needs of the calf while the mother \nroamed for fodder, which in further adjustment to condi¬ \ntion she learned hastily to incorporate and later more leis¬ \nurely to digest. The sheep acquired its coat of wool (and \npresumably shed it, though now dependent upon a shear¬ \ning by human hands) as a protection against the cold of \nhigh altitudes. The dog’s loyalty to the pack has been \ntransformed into a fidelity to man and his belongings.", "chunk_index": 1054, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1055", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Dogs may be trained to retrieve and point because allied \nhabits nave an instinctive place in the canine nervous sys¬ \ntem. The pig that is used by French truffle-hunters to \n“point” their prized delicacy, learned under severe condi¬ \ntions of existence to find roots or die. The animal-traits \nthus developed in adjustment to environment, man has fos¬ \ntered and selected, in return providing by his own efforts \nand ingenuity a secure livelihood in the service of which \nthese animal qualities are given a place. \nThe persistence of other traits which happen to be of no \nservice to man and may indeed be a disservice, he has either \ntolerated, or, despite his selective breeding, has failed to \neradicate or control.", "chunk_index": 1055, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 719, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1056", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The horse shies at a newspaper flut¬ \ntering by the roadside, because a crouching and quickly \n428 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nmoving form in the grass might have originally indicated \nthe presence of such an enemy as a snake; and when fright¬ \nened, he runs, panic-stricken, to regain the protection of \nthe herd; the innocence of the newspaper and the absence \nof the herd are powerless to check the fright or its expres¬ \nsion. They persist sporadically and yield slowly to the new \nadjustment; blinders that contract vision are not as perma¬ \nnently effective as an altered “character” that is not sub¬ \nject to needless fright. The pony bucks, if this impulse \nhas survived, because such violent contortion would have \ndislodged a beast of prey that had jumped upon his de¬ \nfenseless back. Original nature continues in service or dis¬ \nservice alike. Horses may be shod with an iron shoe be¬ \ncause of the toughness of hoof, developed through ages of \nadaptation to hard and irregular ground.", "chunk_index": 1056, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1057", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The horse’s gait \nis elastic, not in order to afford a comfortable seat for his \nrider, but to ease the shock to his own organism in travel \nover rough ground; and his versatile pace is an adjust¬ \nment to different forms of locomotion adapted to different \nkinds of soil. The donkey is free from the tendency to shy \nbecause his original mountainous habitat offered no such \ndangers as surrounded the horse. Traveling in small \nherds, his more solitary life made him accustomed to look \nout for himself; his persistency—in human estimate, ob¬ \nstinacy—was a useful trait in that it kept him going under \nlong marches untired, and conferred a strength of will \nwhich his latter-day master may find undesirable.", "chunk_index": 1057, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 710, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1058", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A dog \nresents interference when feeding, because in the hunt by \nthe pack when once the “kill” was made, his share of the \nspoils depended upon the defense of his bone from the on¬ \nslaughts of his mates; it is on such occasions that his fight¬ \ning instincts—which man breeds for protection or sport— \nwere formed. The dog’s submission to the whip is a deriva¬ \ntive trait of his submission to the leader of the pack. His \npointing habit goes back to an instinctive strategy that re¬ \nstrained his seizure of the bird while hunting with com- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 429 \npanions. The wagging of his tail in pleasure is a trans¬ \nformation in expression from the pleasurable excitement in \nthe chase, when the erect tail in the bush as well as the \njoyous bark was a sustaining signal of excitement to the \nrest of the pack.", "chunk_index": 1058, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 832, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1059", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The stolid placidity of the cow has its \nplace in bovine psychology and does not express an inclina¬ \ntion to the subjection to the yoke; nor is the East Indian \nbullock’s imperturbability in drawing a gun-carriage into \naction anything other than the issue of the old habit of the \nherd to stand firm with horns ready, when even the boldest \nbeast of prey feared to attack. The same animal driven to \nbay shows the pugnacious quality which man has used by \nmaking a sport of the bull-fight. \nNo differently from the manner in which man has turned \nthe stock of the animal qualities to uses serviceable to hu¬ \nman needs, has he also built upon and modified the human \nqualities fostered in the primitive human habitat and ex¬ \ntended them to vastly increased and refined service.", "chunk_index": 1059, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 780, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1060", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In \nneither case has he, in the relatively short period of civiliza¬ \ntion or domestication, introduced or devised new qualities, \nbut by selection, natural and artificial, strengthened and \neradicated, encouraged, discouraged and redirected one or \nanother of the original composite traits. The transformed \nemphasis is indeed to present interests far more compre¬ \nhensive, yet hardly more radical for the human range than \nfor the animal qualities. In the latter case presumably the \nstock of ancestral habits and the modifiability are more \nlimited; yet the community of method by which the trans¬ \nformation has been accomplished is instructive, particularly \nin its simpler types, and at its lower levels. \nThese considerations propose the problem of the original \nand the transformed nature of man—the cultural history of \nthe transformation of human instincts.", "chunk_index": 1060, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1061", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Civilization like \ndomestication places old traits to new service; it checks \ntraits that prove undesirable in the altered environment, and \nreenforces others desirable for more adequate adjustment \n430 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nto it. This process is never complete, but finds limitations \nthrough the persistence of older tendencies. Such “sur¬ \nvival” of traits is variously suggestive; it gives the clew to \nthe conception of value, through which a virtue or func¬ \ntional aid in one condition becomes a vice or functional dis¬ \nservice in another; education is a process of selecting traits \nfor survival or retirement. \nFundamentally the original nature of man, which con¬ \ntinues to serve his redirected purposes—however refined or \ninvolved—was established in adjustment to far simpler cir¬ \ncumstances and in them found its justification.", "chunk_index": 1061, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 848, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1062", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Like the \nstrength of the ox, the fleetness of the horse, the sure-foot- \nedness of the donkey, the basic human proficiencies and the \nfundamental human intellectual habits present traits of ad¬ \njustment vital or favorable to survival in the primeval \nhabitat [4]. In tracing the relations of racially old to \nracially new types of service, the persistence of animal \ntraits in use and limitation serve as suggestive clews. The \ntractability of the horse, the placidity of the cow, the com- \npanionability and fidelity of the dog—all as exhibited to¬ \nward man—may be traced to an original serviceability \nwithin the group of their own kind; and no differently the \nanimal qualities which by reason of man’s prejudiced view \nhe rates as faults, become intelligible as survivals from older \nstages to altered conditions in which their utility is re¬ \nduced, possibly quite eliminated.", "chunk_index": 1062, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 884, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1063", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The horse shies, the \ndonkey is obstinate, the dog is pugnacious, the cat is a \nnocturnal prowler—all to human discomfort; but discount \nthe “human” bias, and these qualities become virtues in the \noriginal status of the animal environment. The changed \nenvironment is responsible for the human estimate of ani¬ \nmal traits. The braying and general asinine conduct of \nthe donkey on city streets, the silly imitativeness and \npanicky unrest of sheep in a protected inclosure, the sense¬ \nless behavior of geese in the barnyard, may reflect the un¬ \nsuitability of such response to the enforced change of habi- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 431 \ntat. On the mountain-sides, on the plains, or in the \nmarshes, these several forms of behavior doubtless were \nwholly suitable. Nature places no premium on folly, but \ndetermines the conditions under which action is folly or \nwisdom from the point of view of the welfare of the organ¬ \nism.", "chunk_index": 1063, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1064", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is obviously unfair to judge creatures even mod¬ \nerately out of their element; obviously so to test fish out \nof water. Yet in applying the lesson to human kind, we \nare mindful that the medium of adjustment is more deli¬ \ncate, more variable, and more psychological. When we \ncomment upon the occasional or frequent futility of hu¬ \nman behavior, we may, in charity, consider how far the \nresponse is due to the unwonted circumstances rather than \nto inherent incapacity. As a Spanish proverb observes: \nthe most stupid man is more conversant in his own house \nthan the wise man in a strange dwelling. The primitive \nman is wholly out of his element in the institutions of civ¬ \nilization. The rustic is at a disadvantage in the city, as is \nequally the foreigner in a strange land, and the landsman \nat sea. Tolerance of judgment is compatible with the criti¬ \ncal appraisal of quality.", "chunk_index": 1064, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1065", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Yet the conviction remains that \nadaptability is itself a quality of supreme value, indis¬ \npensable to the demands made upon the human adjustment \nto circumstance. As the test of adaptability is applied \nwithin comparable ranges of adjustment, and as these fall \nmore narrowly within the field of artificial environments of \nmodern civilization, the comparison regains much of its \nvalidity. Men in general, like animal species, and groups \nand individuals in special circumstances, are entitled to \njudgment in terms of a suitable environment; traits become \nvices or virtues when judged by the suitability of means to \nends; the original environment and natural ends determine \nthe range of native suitability.", "chunk_index": 1065, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 713, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1066", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The survival of traits \nforms a suggestive clew to the effect of an altered environ¬ \nment, in transforming vantage into disadvantage through a \nshifting condition [5], \n432 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nIt is evident that the simpler cosmic or local environ¬ \nmental conditions act less directly, less cogently, upon the \nhuman endowment. The environment does not yield, it is \ntrue, but neither does the human mind. Man both selects \nthe environment and adapts it to his uses. In this respect \nthe great step was taken when man not only foraged but \nplanted or cleared the ground for his needs, not only hunted \nbut bred animal life or preserved it. In all environments \nhis adaptability served him. Fearless of fire, he learned to \ncook his food; his constructive talent made shelters from the \nelements and protection for his body. He rose superior to \nthe grosser demands of physical environment. His distinc¬ \ntive mode of adjustment appears in contrast to those em¬ \nployed by animal organisms.", "chunk_index": 1066, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1067", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "As against the cold, man \nneither became an annual migratory creature, summering \nin the North and wintering in the South (and this from \npractical considerations of locomotion, which now for the \nfavored few are overcome by having a winter home in \nFlorida and a summer one in Maine) ; nor did he grow a \nhairy coat and shed it like the original sheep; nor yet re¬ \nsort to hibernation as do still lower forms of life; but he ac¬ \nquired acclimatizing adjustments and appropriated the \nfurry hide of animals, whose possession of such coat evi¬ \ndences the form of adjustment suitable to their habitat and \norganization. Still more characteristically he learned to \nbuild a fire, and eventually discovered coal; his house be¬ \ncame as artificial as his clothes and his mode of life.", "chunk_index": 1067, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 782, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1068", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "He \nanticipated the seasons’ alternation in his granary or his \nwoodpile; it is only the primitive Esquimau who lays on \na slight accumulation of fat in addition to gathering and \nsalting similar nutriment from the provisions made in re¬ \nsponse to a like impulse by the walrus. Civilized man made \nhis storehouse, and not his organism, the repository of his \ngoods; still more artificially he deposited his savings in a \nbank to be drawn upon as needed. He even, bear-like, \nrobbed and then cultivated the hoardings of bees that had \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 433 \ndeveloped a similar habit, and used these instinctive sav¬ \nings to satisfy his sweet-tooth. But most characteristic is \nthe intellectual response, the prudential habit that provided \nfor a rainy day or a lean year. Such is the human adjust¬ \nment, directing long-range efforts based upon foresight, \nupon the comprehension of the sequences of nature, and \nupon the possession of an adequate imagination.", "chunk_index": 1068, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1069", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is the \ncognitive and rational habits of man that form his domi¬ \nnant equipment, and determine his mode of adjustment to \nthe demands of a variable and complex environment. \nThe conclusions thus surveyed remain in the background \nof consideration. The foreground is to be occupied by the \nsocial-psychological agencies: which means that what I as \nan individual, or we as members of a common social group \ndo, and how we feel and desire, is far more directly deter¬ \nmined by considerations of our common and respective im¬ \nmediate and intimate sociological and intellectual environ¬ \nments—and of their developmental history—than of the \neconomic and physical ones, basal as the latter may be or \nmay have been in preparing and supporting the influences \nwhich the latter now exert. For our further purpose two \nexcursions into interesting realms of psychology will be \nhelpful.", "chunk_index": 1069, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 884, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1070", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The first traces the mode of action of the primi¬ \ntive group-mind; the second considers the media through \nwhich the compositely sociological, psychological, and \nspiritual forces thus established are manifested and main¬ \ntained. \nThe source of the psychology of the mass expression— \nthe collective psyche—lies in the gregarious habit of the \nhuman kind. Men in groups think otherwise, act other¬ \nwise, and are moved otherwise than are the component mem¬ \nbers in their individual responsiveness and capacity. The \naspect of mind that makes it a socially responsive organ \nof adjustment intimately affects the entire range of re¬ \nsponsiveness ; the individual psyche is transformed by mem¬ \nbership, by absorption, it may be, in a group.", "chunk_index": 1070, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 742, "length_words": 115 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1071", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The psychic \n434 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nhabit of the group—the crowd, the mob, the collective con¬ \nsciousness—affords a clew to the more primitive orders of \nmentality, to the generic racial mind, through whose opera¬ \ntions the fundamental achievements of primitive humanity \nwere wrought. The collective mental responsiveness pro¬ \nceeds upon the elemental, communal traits of human na¬ \nture ; it reflects the indispensable, the more nearly original \nin mental evolution. It fuses individual differences; it \nmerges divergent trends; it neutralizes variant peculiari¬ \nties. Like the composite photograph—which in the mech¬ \nanism of its operation it parallels—it emphasizes the com¬ \nmon features and subdues the scattered divergences. The \npsychology of crowd-reactions touches the fundamental, the \nelemental, the natural; its expression takes the mind back \nto the primitive stages of the intellectual life.", "chunk_index": 1071, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 919, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1072", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The group-mind—like the child-mind—has but a vague \nawareness of its own motives and trends. The source of its \nmovement is deep, and often incalculable even to a judg¬ \nment conversant with its nature. For a like reason is it \ndifficult to predict what will prove to be popular. In the \nindividual, though emotion and sentiment are urgent, yet \nthe still small voice of reason and the mentor of personal \nrestraint obtain a hearing; the collective reaction is exposed \nfar more unreservedly to the primal sway of emotion and \nsentiment. Argument enters to influence conduct, but \nmust be simplified to its lowest terms; it must be per¬ \nsuasive in tone, soothing in mood, oratorical in manner [6]. \nThe appeal must also be made real and tangible—crystal¬ \nlized in precept, sanctioned by custom, worked upon by \nprimary psychic motives. Tradition is so potent a guide \nbecause it sets a rigid example, makes reflection unnec¬ \nessary, and substitutes for it the warm loyalty of tribal cus¬ \ntom.", "chunk_index": 1072, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 996, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1073", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Fashion does the same in a more superficial zone \nof influence. It regulates negatively by restraint—even \nmore powerfully than in its positive form as command¬ \nment—in the institution of the taboo (the unfashionable as \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 435 \n\"well as the unsanctioned), where fear of violation operates \nas a more tyrannical force than the obligations of conform¬ \nity. In both aspects—conformity and taboo—the individ¬ \nual reaction is a reflex of the social one. The communal \nstock of ideas is small in extent, simple in form, strong in \nits message; the psychic constitution under which they \noperate is correspondingly primitive. The collective men¬ \ntality is uniformly of a lower type than that which its con¬ \nstituent members are capable of attaining. \nThe intellectual appeal, when effective, is so largely \nthrough the imagination, through ideas strongly emotional¬ \nized, and dramatically set—a “fairy-tale” stage of interest.", "chunk_index": 1073, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 953, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1074", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In practical prudential matters it is the concrete, the actu¬ \nally presented, and the dramatic that arouses conviction; \nfor primitive man was a close observer of facts, if a feeble \nand sentimental interpreter of their meaning. Myth is a \ncharacteristic issue of the action of the two tendencies; it \ndevelops a detailed yet fantastic realism as the medium of \nits representation. Every people makes its own Heaven \nand its own Hell imaginatively, and fills them with the \nvivid details of experience. To the medieval populace, \nHell, no differently than the Hellenic Hades, had a familiar \nreality in pictures of ready meaning; fiery-tongued and \ncloven-hoofed monsters with human victims tortured in \nflaming cauldrons, carved in realistic stone, satisfied the \nsense of reality, however imaginative the motive. The man \nof the people, like the people collectively, demands an im¬ \nmediate, strong, vital, direct impression.", "chunk_index": 1074, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1075", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Whether in regal \npomp and show, or in the gory contests in the arena, or in \nthe drastic presentation of the judgments of religion, the \nimpression is created by a forcible, trenchant, sensational \neffect. A like susceptibility obtains even among the most \nrationally developed groups of mankind. Statistics are un¬ \nimpressive in their slow, drop-by-drop aggregate, and their \ncold, colorless abstraction. A calamity of heroic propor¬ \ntions compels attention and arouses action. The sweeping \n436 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nhorror and distress of a plague bring home the lessons of \nsanitation, and the overpowering catastrophe of the Titanic \nthe peril of a mad pursuit of speed on the high seas. \nThe collective mind is suggestible, and the momentum of \nits movement grows by contagion. This conforms to the \nlaw of emotionalism; it applies equally to laughter and to \ntears. The jest that in a small company raises a ripple of \na smile, in a crowd creates a gale of merriment.", "chunk_index": 1075, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1076", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The pa¬ \nthetic tale that momentarily depresses when read alone, in \nthe larger thrill of the public theater compels the free flow \nof tears. The quick impressionism makes for prompt ob¬ \nlivion as well; out of sight is out of mind. A crowd is at \nonce fickle and obstinate; difficult to move by virtue of in¬ \ngrained prejudices, yet suggestible through the sway of the \nsimple stock of prepossessions that have gained a foothold. \nSuggestible by virtue of the readiness to yield to the pass¬ \ning impressions—once the opposition set by momentary \nprejudice or by deeper feelings is allayed—the crowd may \nbe carried with a rush on the superficial current of a dra¬ \nmatic enthusiasm. The prompt acceptance and equally \nquick rejection when the first impulse is spent and use dulls, \nappear in the pursuit of fashions and fads, in the vogue \nof phrase and habit of dress or action that strikes the pop¬ \nular fancy.", "chunk_index": 1076, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 916, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1077", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The pursuit is eager while it lasts, but transi¬ \ntory in its hold and readily displaced by a newer rival. In \nthe proneness to extremes lies the hysteria of crowds, lack¬ \ning the steadiness and the restraint which the individual \nconduct finds in consideration and in the check which social \ndisfavor provides for individual waywardness. From such \ncheck the crowd is free, in that it is big enough to create \nits own sanction. Its mechanism is ever the same—the \nabsence of restraint releasing impulses of a cruder nature. \nSuch impulses may emerge in the privacy of secret indul¬ \ngence, or appear boldly in the license of bacchanalia, or the \nunreserve of carnival, or the brutal pillage of war. \nThe lack of initiative in the mass-consciousness makes \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 437 \nnecessary leadership to give the aggregate mind a set di¬ \nrection. The crowd demands a leader; his central place \nas the focus of loyalty is prone to make a hero of him.", "chunk_index": 1077, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 963, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1078", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \nchieftain becomes a god, abjectly followed, or in recollec¬ \ntion shrouded in myth and glorified; the persecuted become \nmartyrs. Prestige is a more general and milder expression \nof the same tendency. The doings, the sayings, the person¬ \nality of the leader are invested with exalted significance. \nOffice, station, hereditary rank, momentary exaltation are \nall adequate to create such uncritical aggrandizement. Dis¬ \ntance, actual or psychological, magnifies ; the leader must \nnot be too familiar, not too much one of the crowd, much as \na man is not a hero to his valet, or as prophets are without \nhonor in their own land. Prestige attaches to the un¬ \nknown, the mystic, as well as to the brilliantly advertised \nand notorious, to a foreign celebrity, and to show and cere¬ \nmony. Yet more intimately the leader creates his own fol¬ \nlowing among his kind; the orator, the propagandist must \nnot be too different, too remote, from his audience.", "chunk_index": 1078, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1079", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \nsympathetic appeal depends on a fellow community. The \nalien looses the communal touch, and cannot arouse the \ngenius loci by which the collective consciousness is per¬ \nmeated. \nIn a measure the primitive psychology of man may be \nreconstructed from the collective psychology that still comes \nforward in the appeal to the masses.", "chunk_index": 1079, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 336, "length_words": 53 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1080", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Simple in ideas sim¬ \nply expressed—whence the power of emblems, slogans, \n“isms” and catch-words—emotionally swayed by the mo¬ \nmentary impression, more suggestible to manner than to \nmatter, mediocre and fixed in a limited body of preposses¬ \nsions, suggestible and subject to the spread of contagion, \nrequiring strong direct address when the avenues of ex¬ \npression have been cleared but adroit circumvention to al¬ \nlay prejudices or opposition, prone to glorify or crucify, \nloud in demand when aroused and eagerly led to excess, \nthe crowd-mind is at once a prey to the professions of the \n438 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nunprincipled and equally the resource of the great enthusi¬ \nasms of mankind. It is in some such medium of the fixa¬ \ntion of beliefs, of the foundation of intellectual loyalty, \nthat folk-psychology has wrought its slow evolution, and \nshaped the institutions of men.", "chunk_index": 1080, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1081", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is with reference to \nsuch a complex of mental habit that the group-traits of \nmind must be interpreted. \nGroup psychology has its distinctive varieties, its en¬ \nvironmental conditions. What may be generally true may \nbe specifically inapplicable. Crowds are crowds the world \nover; but an American crowd, an English crowd, a Ger¬ \nman crowd, a French crowd, an Italian crowd, an Oriental \ncrowd, no less than a city crowd and a rural crowd, behave \ndifferently under parallel situations. The natural genius \nand training emerge even in the simpler responses. The \nforeign spokesman finds himself at a loss to gauge the effect \nof his words, through ignorance of the psychic reaction of \nan audience whose traditional temper he imperfectly under¬ \nstands. The foreigner in the crowd is unmoved by the ag¬ \ngregate response, the Stimmung, which he observes but \nthrough the different set of his sensibilities fails to absorb.", "chunk_index": 1081, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1082", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The nature of the bond that unites, as of the prejudice that \nseparates, carries a psychology of its own. The group is \nmore than an aggregate; the components must acquire a \nunity of spirit, a community of outlook and interest, a mu¬ \ntual sympathy and comprehension. Assemblages, however \nheterogeneously composed, must be amalgamated on the \nbasis of similarity of psychological traits, before concerted \nfeeling or action is possible. The story of Babel is truer \nwhen interpreted as a confusion of minds than of tongues. \nThe collective consciousness assumes more and more the as¬ \npect of an artificial solidarity, yet is the more readily estab¬ \nlished when a temperamental community like that of race \nunderlies it.", "chunk_index": 1082, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 723, "length_words": 115 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1083", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "As an aspect of group-consciousness, the race \nfactor stands as a general psychic disposition favoring cer¬ \ntain expressional trends, but is largely modified by circum- \ny \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 439 \nstance, standardized by tradition; it commonly comes for¬ \nward compositely as a national, local, or communal senti¬ \nment. Psychic community as observed is typically an in¬ \nstitutional amalgamation through the tradition of the en¬ \nvironment; it is shaped by accepted but not necessarily \nrigid or explicit codes of behavior, by prevailing custom \nand established usage. Yet a racial factor—like a congenial \ntemperament—if present may strongly cooperate or even \ndominate [7]. The issue in complex civilizations is com¬ \nplex and variable. This original but variable factor ex¬ \nplains why the Americanization of an Italian or a Negro \nor a Syrian proceeds differently, why each finds distinctive \nlimitations.", "chunk_index": 1083, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 922, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1084", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The varied loyalties, the conflicting mentali¬ \nties of the group-components condition the mode of response \nto the group-trait as environmentally fashioned. \nThe underlying similarity of the collective mind, as of \nthe human individuals of which it is composed, appears in \nthe similarity of the essential modes of operation, in \nits fundamental constitution, in its natural outlets of ex¬ \npression; it appears compositely in the communal institu¬ \ntional products of peoples and their generic comparability. \nTransferring the argument from the mode of responsive¬ \nness of the communal mind to its achievements, we observe \nthat the general outlines which the earlier stages of human \ndevelopment have followed are strikingly similar.", "chunk_index": 1084, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 737, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1085", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \nmaterial development in terms of invention, the mode of \nsatisfying needs, social organization, tribal custom, myth, \nreligion, art, family life, ceremonials, castes, privileges, in¬ \nstitutions, military, industrial, economic, and educational \nprovisions—all arise as expressions of common demands \nand common solutions, appealing to the common needs, \nsensibilities, aptitudes, as collectively expressed. Their ex¬ \ntent and variety does not conceal their significance as the \nproducts of a similar emotional, intellectual, and social na¬ \nture. The divergences, both in extent and direction, and \nin their peculiar issues and distinctive details are obvious \n440 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nand become momentous as we approach them in the com¬ \nparative spirit of the anthropologist, the sociologist, the \nstudent of culture and the historian of civilization.", "chunk_index": 1085, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 866, "length_words": 120 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1086", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Viewed \nas expressions of dominant psychological traits, traditions \nand institutions are significant as the embodiments and re¬ \nenforcements of the collective spirit which is favored by \naffiliation of endowment, but flourishes by the favor of tra¬ \ndition. As organizations and traditions become compre¬ \nhensive, such a spirit reaches its most typical expression \nin a national character, the genius of a people. It finds a \npowerful and stable medium in the arts—notably in the \nmore permanent communal achievements of architecture; in \nliterature; primitively in myth, saga, poetry, drama; in \nreligious beliefs and rites; in ceremonial observances; in \nfamily loyalty; in moral sentiment; in the ministrations \nand observances of daily life; in legal forms and political \nestablishments; in codes and practices. Such achievements \nare at once historical manifestations and psychological ex¬ \npressions notably determined by the contributions of priv¬ \nileged individuals.", "chunk_index": 1086, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1087", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Achievement thus becomes an index of \nthe national spirit—a composite result of the dominant \nforces playing upon, and becoming articulate through, the \nbasal qualities of man. Its direction, emphasis, perspective, \nits “soul,” reflects the character of the psychological en¬ \nvironment surrounding the individual as formative influ¬ \nences of development [8]. \nThe formulation thus reached is that the social-psycho¬ \nlogical setting acts as an environment for the individual. \nTo the embodiment of such collective psychic trends \nthe individual responds; to them he finds adjustment; in \ntheir medium he expresses his personality. This psy¬ \nchological environment includes the “family” or clan \nsetting, the local atmosphere, the larger cultural and na¬ \ntional ideas incorporated in institutions; it includes par¬ \nticularly the inculcated principles of conduct and the con¬ \nventional direction of endeavor.", "chunk_index": 1087, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1088", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Together these form an \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 441 \nall-comprehensive system of influences, a cluster of forces \nwhich mold the individual and set the patterns of his con¬ \nduct. For the individual, education is the process of learn¬ \ning to employ the institutional system for self-expression. \nFor the environment, the system is a network of positive \nand negative invitations and restrictions, imposing itself \nupon the native qualities of the individual and directing \ntheir unfoldment by supplying the media of response and \nthe direction of effort and ambition. The institutional \nforms of these psychological forces merit further consid¬ \neration. \nInstitutions—as intellectual products—are developed \nfrom the intellectual resources of a people, yet with a sub¬ \ndued measure of explicitness or deliberation.", "chunk_index": 1088, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 823, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1089", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "They pro¬ \nceed under a generic preferential guidance by sentiment \nmingled with insight, under a selective feeling for what is \ncongenial, and a slow achievement of expression, which is \nrepeated in the individual before adjustment to the institu¬ \ntional genius is real and secure. This relation forms the \nsympathetic bond between social and individual psychology; \nthis amalgamation makes the individual a member of the \nsocial structure. When brought about by adoption—an \nartificial “naturalization”—it becomes a more explicit, but \nmore superficial process, lacking the virgin quality of a \nbirthright. Such is the Americanization of the foreigner— \na huge experiment in psychological colonization in which \nthe qualities of the America of the future are at stake. \nThe natural history of institutions underlies the formulated \nhistorical movements.", "chunk_index": 1089, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 856, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1090", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The historian of humanitarian in¬ \nterests finds above the story of material conquest, migra¬ \ntion and intercourse, extension of dominion, expansion of \ncommerce, industry, and technique, the real story of hu¬ \nmanity in the assertion of the cultural gains of mankind. \nThe psychologist finds in this story the revelation of the \nqualities of men matured under the stress of the physical \nand the institutional environment. Both views interpret \n442 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ninstitutions by reference to intent and the situations of \nearlier cultures which marked intermediate and progres¬ \nsive stages. An institutional conservatism parallels an or¬ \nganic conservatism; survivals, conventions, traditions—as \nconservative forces—are characteristic of both. Through \nusage and the dominance of social sanction once established, \nsuch institutional forces may assume a distorting or usurp¬ \ning place.", "chunk_index": 1090, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 904, "length_words": 127 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1091", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The streams of environmental influence are \nmassive, imbedded in traditional sentiment, moving by a \nslow, organic growth; in the individual as in the body so¬ \ncial the psychological current flows subconsciously, below \nthe surface as well as on it. Conduct is maintained, traits \nare developed by the impressionism and sentimentalism that \nappear so prominently in the analysis of individual psy¬ \nchology. This prominence indicates the minor part as¬ \nsigned in the order of nature to explicit appreciation of \nends in contrast to the driving force of impulse; it con¬ \ntributes an uncertain factor to all human undertakings, \neven to those guided dominantly by reason. \nAn illuminating example of the mode of operation of the \nsocial forces is supplied by the fixation of conduct through \nthe medium of morality.", "chunk_index": 1091, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 816, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1092", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The institutional aspect of mo¬ \nrality is developed in the mores, the customs, usages, forms, \netiquettes, observances, codes, which surround the individ¬ \nual response and secure approval and adjustment when \nconduct conforms to the mores, and lead to disapproval and \ndifficulty when the mores are infringed upon or neglected. \nUnderlying most such customs is a plain measure of con¬ \nsideration—it may be a superstition, a prejudice, a token \nof loyalty, an observance of respect, or a slight altruistic \nregard—together with the artificial expression which sur¬ \nvives by the conserving sanction of usage. As one custom \nof many, it finds a place in a system fairly artificial and \nfull of minor inconsistencies.", "chunk_index": 1092, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 717, "length_words": 111 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1093", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "These may be in the nature \nof irrelevant survivals more pertinent to past conditions; \nthey may be due to the inevitable conflicts of standards of \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 443 \nbehavior derived from the different phases of a complex \nsystem, which though in general mutually supporting, in¬ \ntroduce complications and alternatives. Hence the fine art \nof social intercourse and the perplexities of moral deci¬ \nsions; hence also the need of recognized and standardized \nready-made solutions in forms and conventions. Conven¬ \ntions represent the institutional aspect of regulation and \nmay be learned and accepted mechanically, yet are prac¬ \nticed more intelligently when guided by an insight—itself \na sympathetic quality—into their meaning and value. The \npsychological habit chiefly responsible for their maintenance \nis the tendency to conform, which is in turn an issue of the \nsocial-gregarious habit and of its development.", "chunk_index": 1093, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 938, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1094", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The tend¬ \nency to conform supplies the groundwork of response, as \nconvention supplies the pattern of its expression. Yet \nequally to be considered is the assertion of the individual \nmotive and impulse tending to other and opposed action; \ntherein consists the conflict of the individual and the col¬ \nlective motive, the personal and the larger social will. The \nsubordination of the former to the latter may proceed upon \ndirect compulsion; but normally it involves an acceptance \nof the imposed standards through the development of a con¬ \nscience. Conscience proceeds upon the individual reaction \nof fear, or shame, or psychical discomfort of some sort; it is \na restraining force, setting up irritations and perplexities; \nit is also at once a guide and an assurance in that the re¬ \nsistance of the personal invitation replaces the uneasy feel¬ \ning by the satisfaction of conformity, and the sense of duty \nperformed.", "chunk_index": 1094, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1095", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The individual aspect of the process has been \nadequately considered: the tendency of impulses to find an \nobjective outlet, the emotional development of the satisfac¬ \ntion, its elevation to a sentiment, the influence of sugges¬ \ntion and contagion, the socializing and the intellectualizing \nof the product, the resulting atmosphere of congenial ad¬ \njustment and established habits of response. Institution¬ \nally the psychology of conformity develops collective forces \n444 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nfor its operation in a system of beliefs, customs and tradi- \ntions. ' \nFashion fashion in personal appearance conspicuously \n-projects the products of conformity concretely. It does \nso the more saliently when the custom (to our remoteness \nIrom its psychological basis) violates the trend of nature \nor the dictates of reason. Conformity then to our eyes be¬ \ncomes deformity. The attempts to modify or improve upon \nthe bodily contour offer a comprehensive example.", "chunk_index": 1095, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 973, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1096", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \nflattening, binding, and “ beehive ” distortion of the head \n(Chinook, Peruvian, and others) ; the expansion of the ear¬ \nlobes or of the lower lip (Brazil, Eskimo) ; the binding of \nthe feet among Chinese women; the filing and staining of \nthe teeth (African, Malay) ; the cultivation of long, curl¬ \ning finger nails. (Siam); the piercing of the nose (Aus¬ \ntralia) ; the varieties of tattoo marks, from the elaborate \ndecoration of the entire body (Polynesia) to the single \nbrand that forms the “Tracht” of local allegiance (Kabyle \npeople of North Africa); the uniform “dress’’ of the hair, \nlike the pig-tail of the Chinese men; these represent more \npermanent and conservative fashions. When fashion is \ntransferred from the body to its investiture, its scope is \nenlarged.", "chunk_index": 1096, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 785, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1097", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The national and local costumes of old-world \npeoples offer a varied picture of interesting conformities \nmaintained under a social system allied to that of caste, \nand rapidly disappearing under the cosmopolitan uniform¬ \nities which displace the older and local loyalties. The in¬ \nherent conservation of the tribal cult is more persistent in \nleligious and similar observances, which do not come so \nreadily into competition with other institutional establish¬ \nments of similar import, and are indeed retained to em¬ \nphasize the peculiar, the favored, the esoteric quality of the \ntribal ceremonial. Fashion in a developed culture_like all \nphases of such culture—reaches into the sphere of conscious \nsanction and is played upon by the increasing complexities \nof the social regulative system [9]. Yet the dominant mo- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 445 \ntives determining its sway are of much the same order at all \nstages of expression.", "chunk_index": 1097, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 944, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1098", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The tribal, the ancestral, or other \nlocal motive is a large and conservative factor; the deco¬ \nrative motive is another source of direction; the emphasis \nof natural distinctions is yet another; superstition, his¬ \ntorical or commemorative motives, social considerations, and \ncontinuously the satisfaction in conformity, carrying the \nsocial sanction of tribal duty (later the social sense), co¬ \noperate to shape custom and enforce obedience. Under \nrigid social systems such conformity is inexorably exacted; \nits violation or neglect takes on the aspect of desecration— \nthe act of a traitor to a common interest. Under advanced \ncultures and the freer intercourse of peoples with cosmo¬ \npolitan standards, and under the growing realization of the \nfoundations of the social sanction, conformity loses its arbi¬ \ntrary rigidity, and finds a more reasonable place among the \nvaried interests which the consolidated social purposes di¬ \nrect.", "chunk_index": 1098, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1099", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is only in mature and liberal cultures that th6 \nfreedom of individual expression becomes a prized ideal— \nthe most difficult apparently to establish, the slowest to \ncome to its own in the national consciousness. The labori¬ \nous efforts, the slow advances, the painful sacrifices, the \nburning hatreds, the fierce prejudices, the cruel persecu¬ \ntions, the ingrained intolerances, the disastrous mental stag¬ \nnation, which the story of social progress records, form a \nsadly comprehensive evidence of the iron rule of conform¬ \nity, and the dead hand of the past.", "chunk_index": 1099, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 569, "length_words": 89 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1100", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Not alone religious \nwars and trials for heresy and the persecution of the non- \nconforming, but the imposition of authority to shackle the \nspirit of inquiry, the crushing rule of absolutism to impose \na foreign tyranny, the minor ostracisms and losses of caste, \nthe exclusion from preferment and the subtle intrusions of \nprejudice, have all combined to obstruct the course of hu¬ \nman progress and continue to delay the age of reason and \nthe sway of sympathy. Such is the cost of conformity. \n446 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nReturning to a more neutral aspect of the play of con¬ \nformity, we readily take the objective view of the cultures \nand the customs of other peoples, much as we look with idle \ncuriosity and a superior wonder at the mementos of their \nproducts displayed in a museum of ethnology. These \nlabeled specimens of (to us) lifeless motives make a mute \nappeal.", "chunk_index": 1100, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 883, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1101", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is more convincing to survey the living instances \nof conformity—in which we form the specimens—though \nthey concern trivial and incidental regulations. Yet some \nof these are of close kin to the cruder customs above cited. \nThe wasp-like waist, the high-heeled, pointed, tight shoe, the \nchanging styles that vary the contour of the human figure- \nall aim to accentuate features of sex, and are followed pri¬ \nmarily not by virtue of an esthetic judgment of approval \nnor yet in ignorance or disregard of hygiene or comfort, but \nin a conscious, or it may be a complacent or a blind accept¬ \nance of style, and the satisfaction of following it. More \nnegatively and more charitably expressed, fashion exacts \nits toll because of a lack of initiative or moral courage to \nrefuse it.", "chunk_index": 1101, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 785, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1102", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Changes of fashion seem arbitrary and ca¬ \npricious ; in highly civilized communities they follow a com¬ \nplicated system of prestige—such as the label of “Paris,” \nadoption by royalty or leaders of fashion—and an equally \ncomplex and organized esthetic movement, not to mention \nthe satisfaction of novelty, the pride of wealth, display, \nand joy in change for its own sake. Conformity with a \ntinge of rationality is the rule; conformity legitimized by \nreason, or convenience, or consideration is quite as com¬ \nmon. The prejudice against long-haired men and short- \nhaired women has a natural basis, yet persists by reason of \nthe tendency to accentuate sex-differences. The differentia¬ \ntion of clothing is one of its results, that of manners and \ncodes of behavior another.", "chunk_index": 1102, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 780, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1103", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The decorative instinct of \nwoman is not merely an expression of the desire for beauty \nas a sexual and social attraction—because such attraction \nis part of woman’s technique—but takes its particular im- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 447 \npress from the inculcated emphasis of this factor in femi¬ \nnine psychology, which sentiment and tradition establish \nand favor. The hair and the head-dress—more incidentally \nand more modernly, also the hat—form a distinctive setting \nfor the beauty of face. By its natural conspicuousness as \na trait of womanhood, the hair becomes a pride of sex. For \nmost women, the enforced deprivation of the hair would be \nfelt as a degradation; while yet a deliberate renunciation \nof the adornment might express a rebellious assertion of \nliberation from the bonds of social (or sex) conformity.", "chunk_index": 1103, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 829, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1104", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The essential point is that back of custom lies the psy¬ \nchological or moral or hygienic or esthetic defense which \ngives it a slight or a conspicuous place in a defensible sys¬ \ntem of values. Etiquette proceeds upon sensibilities; and \nthe education of the sensibilities—adequately discussed in \nan earlier chapter—is more and more directed upon the \nartificial basis, now recognized as the social-environmental \nmolding force. In pursuit of such enforcement the stand¬ \nard psychological process is to establish a feeling of pride \nin conformity, a feeling of shame in violation—in general, \na conscience—which, guided in its finer issues by sensibility, \ndirects conduct and forms traits of character. Such traits \nare at once the common expressions of the molding influ¬ \nence of the environment and of the common susceptibility \nto them inherent in the underlying qualities of human na¬ \nture.", "chunk_index": 1104, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1105", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The institutional aspect of the process is shown in the \ntyrannical force which convention may assume. In the \nprimitive setting its type is the taboo, which may go so \nfar as to regulate to great inconvenience and disadvantage. \nThe use of articles of dress, or of manufacture, may be ta¬ \nbooed; the use of words, particularly of names, may be \ntabooed; food taboos are extremely common; the uses of \ncertain paths or roads or localities may be tabooed; contact \nwith certain persons may come under the taboo. That the \nprohibition may be imposed for a variety of reasons (for \n448 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nreasons of sacredness, of pollution, of respect, of fear— \nmainly fear of evil spirits), does not conflict with the com¬ \nmon factor that the enforcement exercises the same order \nof psychological pressure.", "chunk_index": 1105, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 817, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1106", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the end, however brought \nabout, an established range of prohibitions or injunctions \ndetermines the restrictions of conduct, and in its massive \naggregate constitutes the system of social organization. \nGood form, propriety, etiquette, consists of “Dont’s” as \nwell as of “Do thou thus and so.” Thus on the one hand \na set of avoidances—partly intelligible or definable, but \nonly partly so and variable—and, on the other hand, an \nequally extensive system of conformities of like status con¬ \ntinue to surround the individual and to impose conventional \nresponses. Of peculiar moment in the maintenance of these \nenvironmental products is the fact of survival—the per¬ \nsistence through one stage of culture, or by mere inertia, \nof a custom long after its basis in reason or other defense, \nhas changed or lapsed. The general consequence is an un¬ \nthinking adherence to established usage, an absorption in \nroutine, and a shrinking from innovation—a fear of \nchange.", "chunk_index": 1106, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 973, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1107", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "An intellectual conservatism parallels a conserv¬ \natism of custom and becomes a momentous force. An apt, \nif extreme, instance, is cited by Tylor: the Dyaks of Borneo \nwere not accustomed to use the M-shaped cut when chopping \nwith an ax and showed their scorn of the white man’s inno¬ \nvation by levying a fine upon any native who would use \nit; yet they were so convinced of its advantage that they \nemployed it secretly or when they could rely upon the con¬ \nfidence of companions. Survivals are ordinarily not so \nbare or so simple; they exert a resistance to innovation \nmore subtly. The set of habit and the force of tradition \nembody a like influence. \nThe pressure of the institutional environment is more \nrigidly expressed in simpler, earlier cultures than in those \nof later level, for the very reason that the more developed \nmores embody complex social influences and a larger regu- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 449 \nlation by rationalized systems [10].", "chunk_index": 1107, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 969, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1108", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Intermediately a con¬ \nsiderable group of practices, beliefs, and habits of thought \nsurvive from earlier to later cultures, with, however, a loss \nor change of their original aspects and bearing; they come \nto persist with a sort of tolerance and indulgence which the \nconservative tendency offers as a token of respect. In this \ndomain practices somewhat removed from the sway of rea¬ \nson and repeating the simpler interests and occupations of \nthe mind, exhibit the conservative environmental impress, \nas do the simpler orders of mental products. Games, \nproverbs, riddles, greetings, seasonal customs, forms of ad¬ \ndress offer examples; though under the desire for novelty \nsubject to innovation, these folklore products of popular \nculture have a large vitality in the conventional intercourse, \nattitudes, relations of daily life.", "chunk_index": 1108, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 839, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1109", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Such customs as raising \na hat to a lady, or offering an arm, of proposing toasts and \ndrinking healths, of saying “God bless you” when one \nsneezes, of regarding certain happenings as of ill omen and \nothers as of good omen, of touching wood to escape dis¬ \nastrous consequences; the semi-beliefs in lucky days; the \nflirting with palmistry and similar systems, are all tenden¬ \ncies which in their persistence reflect the type of influence \nthat invites a complacent acceptance and yet approaches \nthe intellectual pattern by which more serious types of ad¬ \nherence are propagated and maintained. A superstitious \natmosphere makes the individual readily superstitious; the \nseverity of the intellectual as of the moral spirit of the \ncommunity or the class determines the logical habits of the \nindividual. The behavior of mind in class and mass is as \ncharacteristic as that of the mores of ceremony and cus¬ \ntom.", "chunk_index": 1109, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1110", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "More serious attitudes, inclinations, conduct, follow \na similar bent, but fall more consciously under the dominion \nof reason, or at least of rational defense. They flourish by \nvirtue of the system of thought in which they are imbed¬ \nded, by which they are supported [11]. \nThere is a parallel—indeed a close kinship—between the \n450 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ncontrasted mental procedures which enter into individual \nconduct and those which direct the collective regulation \nwhich the environment supplies. In the individual, the \ndominant responses proceed upon primary, instinctive, emo¬ \ntionalized, and vaguely conscious impulses; upon these as \na derivative, secondary product are developed more explicit, \nmore conscious, more reasoned, more variable, more indi¬ \nvidual orders of response.", "chunk_index": 1110, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 801, "length_words": 115 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1111", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Similarly in society there is the \nearlier, the folk-way, ” the collective, the subconscious, the \ntribal, the traditional, the nearer-to-nature regulation im¬ \npressed by the psychic environment and sanctioned by the \nmores in which it finds expression; and in complement \nas well as in opposition there is the later, more explicit, \nmore analytic, more critical, formulated, acquired regula¬ \ntion, which comes forward in policies, principles, codes, and \nsystems. Intermediately a vast range of social regulation \npartakes of both aspects, and in its shifting phases reflects \neach of the two attitudes traceable in the general evolu¬ \ntion. Both orders of influence affect particularly the social \nmind, the collective environmental background in which \nthe individual is enveloped. When the influence inclines \nmore to a feeling tone—a Stimmung—it is called public \nsentiment; when inclining to a reasoned statement, public \nopinion.", "chunk_index": 1111, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 938, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1112", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Public sentiment and opinion are commonly con¬ \ncerned with issues near the surface of interest; while set¬ \ntled conviction and deeply organized faiths dispose of the \nfundamental regulations in an unquestioned directness \nof habit. In equally typical relations, customs, manners, \nconventions, as well as minor sentiments and popular ver¬ \ndicts are at once loyal to the earlier, unreflective accept¬ \nance, while yet they move toward the later aspects of \ndeliberate regulation. Custom is not altogether unrea¬ \nson [12], though in its slower adjustment to environmental \ndemands it may appear as irrelevant and as futile as the \nsurviving habits of animals out of relation to their radically \naltered surroundings and needs. Law itself, as eodified \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 451 \nsentiment and opinion, lags behind the actually accom¬ \nplished stages of progress. Because conduct reflects the \npast and progress awaits the break from it, is adjustment \na living force.", "chunk_index": 1112, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1113", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The movement which matures social changes and shifting \nenvironmental stresses is spiral in character. The spring \nforward and upward proceeds from the impetus of varia¬ \ntion congenial to the individual, explicit, analytic temper. \nThe curve of recoil binds it with the past by the security of \nan accomplished adjustment, and confers the bond of con¬ \ntinuity of proved experience, along with the natural ven¬ \neration of the merely venerable. Law, like custom and all \nestablished conformity, is in this view a compromise in the \ninterests of stability. The pivotal issues of the hour, the \nday, the generation, absorb the conscious energies. They \ngive rise to articulate controversies and explicit inquiries; \nthey form the turning points of the historical movement \nthrough which the environment shows its vitality—its ca¬ \npacity to receive the impress of personality as well as to \nimpose it.", "chunk_index": 1113, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1114", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Much as present history is past politics, so more \ntruly because more comprehensively, is present sociology \npast psychology; each outgoing generation is old-fashioned \nto the next. The rate of cultural movement is most irregu¬ \nlar. The fixity of cultural stages seems the largest fea¬ \nture of early periods; the violent changes and reconstruc¬ \ntions are often conspicuous in recent ones. Periods of re¬ \ntardation and stagnation, as well as periods of illumina¬ \ntion, renaissance, and expansion, emerge above the more \nordinary, routine advances. The revolution of the indus¬ \ntrial world by the spread of machinery is no more compre¬ \nhensive than the revolution of the intellectual world by \nthe discovery and dissemination of the laws of evolu¬ \ntion and the insight into the working forces of which the \nindividual and society are alike experimental specimens. \nIdeas and the systems which they support become as \nreadily antiquated as tools or processes.", "chunk_index": 1114, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1115", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Both are out- \n452 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ngrown and are replaced by others more in keeping with \nthe newer demands. The acceptance of the psychological \nenvironment is as essential in fixing the standard of living \nas are the economic considerations which more directly em¬ \nbody it. Every stage of culture is as unitary as a per¬ \nsonality, and reflects in manners and industry, in art and \nscience, in morality and in religion, the dominant spirit of \nthe collective environment, as it has been shaped by the re¬ \nsponses of the genius of a people to its physical surround¬ \nings and its social-historical heritage [13]. \nThe two opposed massive forces of the environmental \nmovement—seemingly static for the moment and the indi¬ \nvidual, but dynamic in a wider survey of social progress— \nhave not received accredited names. The one is more inher¬ \nent, like nature; the other more acquired and imposed, like \nnurture.", "chunk_index": 1115, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1116", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The one is conservative and secures adjustment \nby the fixity of habit; the other is variational and secures a \nfiner adjustment by the readier adaptation to a changing \norder. The one operates dominantly below the surface, is \ndeep, subconscious, pervasive, like an emotional undertow; \nthe other is the surface agitation, the tentative ripples of \nan intellectual intrusion. No phase of cultural progress \nis free from the combined influence; conservatism and lib¬ \neralism are collective as well as individual traits. The con¬ \ntrast between the leaders and the led, between the states¬ \nman-philosopher-reformer-inventor type of individual and \nthe man of the people is largely centered about this divid¬ \ning point of influence. Each tendency is apt to be over¬ \nstated ; each has its qualities of value as well as of danger.", "chunk_index": 1116, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 830, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1117", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Extreme radicalism and an assertive rebellion against \nthings as they are, and a contempt for usage and the estab¬ \nlished routine, are as common and as dissociated from the \ninsight or the wisdom of the responsible reformer, as are \nthe complacent acceptance of the status quo, the conven¬ \ntional subservience of the ordinary mind, and the dog-in- \nthe-manger attitude of the privileged classes. In the psy- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 453 \nchological aspect the distinctive contrast pertains to the \nphases of conduct and attitude in which the one or the other \nmovement characteristically dominates. Popular move¬ \nments must always follow the deeper, conservative, temper; \nthe spirit of advance must get into the blood as well as be \nin the air before it is effective.", "chunk_index": 1117, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 777, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1118", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Quite commonly in the \ncourse of development, there arises a conviction or a senti¬ \nment that the two orders of influence should be held apart: \nthe one esoteric for the initiated few, the priestly class, \nthe illuminati, and the other for the masses—the people \nfixed in folk-ways and limited in opportunity and outlook. \nThe belief in the gods and the fates and the traditional \nmythology for the many, but a superior untrammeled \nphilosophical enlightenment for the elect, is not an excep¬ \ntional incident of Greek culture, but is typical in all stages \nin which the genius of progress—the elan vital of the race \n—is alive. And the fate of Socrates—the seemingly volun¬ \ntary but in reality imposed cup of hemlock, no differently \nthan the enforced retraction of Galileo—is typical of the \nsacrifice of the variational to the conservative trend, of the \nindividual to the social dominance when invested with \npower, political or spiritual.", "chunk_index": 1118, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1119", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It may well be emphasized that the one tendency is \ncharacteristic of the collective mind and conservative in \ntrend, that the other is distinctive of the individual asser¬ \ntiveness and variational in trend. The individual is more \nan individual when he protests than when he conforms, \nmore when he goes his own way than the way of the crowd. \nIt takes courage to vote “No” when the majorfly votes \n“Aye”—it may be, the courage of a martyr’s fate. Yet \nequally is there the pride of individuality, the membership \nin the minority not of the defeated but of the superior and \nthe elect. It is however when the same set of forces are at \nwork not heroically or tragically or even dramatically, but \nin the commonplace setting of the everyday issues, that \nthey exert their most characteristic influence.", "chunk_index": 1119, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 803, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1120", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Certain \n454 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nphases of the conduct of life and the conduct of mind fall \nas naturally to the collective conservative influences, as \nothers proceed upon the individual, variational impulses. \nIn the individual nature there is a basis for the complacent \nconformity in the gregarious sociability, and an equal basis \nfor the assertive, even rebellious individualism in the \negotistical, will-to-prevail, self-interest. In the sophisti¬ \ncated attitude of a modern educated man, there is a more \nor less conscious acceptance of the established conventions \nof a polite society in manner, custom, observance; but \nequally an insistence, born of a slow maturing privilege of \nliberty of conscience and spirit of tolerance in all really \nvital matters of intellectual decision.", "chunk_index": 1120, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 799, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1121", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "However mixed may \nbe the two streams of influence in determining his religious \nor his political affiliations or other adherences of similar \ncomplex antecedents, the twentieth-century man is free to \ndecide what he shall believe in the realm of fact or science \nby the conviction of such evidence as he is able to under¬ \nstand. In reality he frequently depends upon the expert \nknowledge of others, and is as often swayed by sentiment \nand prejudice, by what he likes to believe and by the satis¬ \nfaction of affiliation with congenial minds, as by the logic \nof events or the objective contemplation of data. He falls \nback upon the accredited beliefs of his kind, and in so far \nreverts to the security of the collective sanction. The \npractical adjustment of the individual in this realistic re¬ \nlation has come to be the measure of his intelligence—the \nmost comprehensive gauge of temperament and character \nyet. evolved.", "chunk_index": 1121, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 930, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1122", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "By his intellectual, esthetic, and moral \naffiliations is the nature of the individual man revealed. \nIn the general consideration there may be discerned a \nrather constant set of influences which set the stamp of the \nsocial organization in all societies, and cooperatively deter¬ \nmine the major outlines and even the minor variations of \nthe psychological environment. Such is the physical en¬ \nvironment, a type of the influence from without; and the \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 455 \nspirit of conformity, which is an inherent influence from \nwithin. Apart from these, there are certain recurrent man¬ \nifestations of the social-environmental forces which, de¬ \nspite the varieties of cultural products, confer a fair uni¬ \nformity of appearance and function. First in the group is \nthe inevitable stratification of society. When pronounced \nand developed it gives rise to systems of caste.", "chunk_index": 1122, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1123", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Whether \nrecognized and formulated, or more democratically subdued \nand discountenanced, it none the less exists everywhere and \ndetermines the range and manner of environmental influ¬ \nence to which the individual responds. Class-distinctions \nmay follow more rigidly hereditary privilege; they may be \naffected by wealth as well as station; they may attempt to \nrecognize natural talents and the qualities of an intellectual, \nartistic, or professional order. They are commonly ex¬ \npressed in economic relations, of which that of master and \nservant, employer and employee, become typical. As an in¬ \nevitable consequence social traits are formed, which are \nquite as characteristic in their psychological manners and \nattitude as in dress, appearance, habit, or prestige. The \ndifferent manners in which national ideals express caste- \ndistinctions form one of the most characteristic aspects of \nthe psychology of peoples.", "chunk_index": 1123, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1124", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "We think of the rigid and ven¬ \nerable castes of India, or again of the binding distinctions \nof the feudal system; we are apt to regard democracy as it¬ \nself a statement of opposition to such social contrasts, and \nfind in the doctrines of socialism a theoretical denunciation \nof their right to exist. But societies both inherit and \nfashion class-distinctions, however subdued in expression, \nor modified by consideration, because human nature invites \nthem. Different forms of behavior, of speech, of manner, \nall complicated by results of education, arise and continue \nby the operation of the same type of psychological forces as \nare responsible for other institutional expressions in earlier \ncultures and in later ones.", "chunk_index": 1124, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 729, "length_words": 114 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1125", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Over and above the stratification of society which in a \n456 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nmeasure holds men apart or at least in their several places, \nwhile yet it gives them a conventional uniformity, there is \nthe supporting spirit of the age, the prevalent collective \ngenius, the Zeitgeist. As an initiative it is apt to proceed \nfrom or reflect the tone of the leading classes in the social \nsystem; it spreads by its congenial appeal to the entire \ncommunity, and is itself responsible for the class differ¬ \nentiation through which it operates. For a following im¬ \nplies leadership; and in each phase of activity standard \nforms of behavior become established. The patterns of en¬ \ndeavor, however stereotyped, are inevitably diversified by \nthe variety of interests and the differentiation which the \nsocial environment reflects and creates.", "chunk_index": 1125, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 849, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1126", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The Zeitgeist \ncomes forward in the tone of enterprise and attitude, in \nwhat men do and think and desire; and however humble \ntheir part, something beyond the mere stress of livelihood \nor routine of employment, permeates to the mental habits of \nmen and makes them men of their day and generation as \nwell as of their class and local conditioning. Men are com¬ \nmercial in a commercial age and nation, and religious in \na religious atmosphere. It is when such a spirit finds sa¬ \nlient and articulate expression and receives an historical bap¬ \ntism that it becomes recognized as a molding force. In the \nAmerican environment such an historical attitude is Puri¬ \ntanism. There is no difficulty in recognizing to how large \nan expression of the imposing environmental attitude there \nclings the Puritanic flavor.", "chunk_index": 1126, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 814, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1127", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is a social-environmental \nforce; it is an inheritance from the past, surviving not \nmerely by the inertia of establishment but by the force of \nvital belief which supports the central attitude which it ex¬ \npresses; it colors the slighter reactions and spreads its in¬ \nfluence widely if no longer deeply. In completer control, \nit imparts a stern severity of conduct, a serious acceptance \nor moral responsibility, an outlook that discourages indul¬ \ngence and keenly resents the encroachment of frivolity as \nakin to sin; that in its overstatement it becomes a dis- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 457 \ncourager of the arts as well as of the lighter recreations of \nmind and body is an inevitable by-product. It affects the \ntemper of a community even when it is obsolescent; it is \nsafe to say that the popular conceptions of propriety in the \ntypical American community bear the marks of such an¬ \ncestry.", "chunk_index": 1127, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1128", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It asserts its sway not alone in regard to observ¬ \nances close to its own religious expression, but equally in \nregard to all expressions of custom and manner which must \ninevitably be regulated by a larger Kulturanschauung—a \nfundamental view of life. \nA more ‘ ‘ institutional ” illustration is supplied by feudal¬ \nism, which is also a social, collective, conservative attitude, \nstill effective in human relations. Subserviency and defer¬ \nence on the one side, arbitrary and complete expression of \npower on the other, may become as real in the industrial re¬ \nlations as in the historical ones which the term records. \nIn all such regulative systems the inherent principle which \nthey express cooperates with tradition to determine present \nattitudes and pursuits. Different principles and emphases \nfind distinctive expressions within the social structure.", "chunk_index": 1128, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 864, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1129", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The military spirit is one such expression and represents \nthe primal resort to force and the organization of enforce¬ \nment as the criterion of the right to prevail. Militarism \nis equally an attitude and an organization, an ideal and a \nfact. The adjustment of the relations of Church and \nState is an expression of the part assigned to each of these \ninstitutions in the social-spiritual environment. Conflicts \nof ideals are as real and may be as disastrous as conflicts of \nmaterial interests; and the problem of the amalgamation \nof peoples in a total national structure is always as much \nin the nature of a psychological achievement as of a political \none. The inherent dissensions of race and tradition mean \nthat people believe differently, entertain different senti¬ \nments, feel different loyalties, are accustomed to different \nways, speech, standards of living.", "chunk_index": 1129, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 875, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1130", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "All this makes the im¬ \nposition of a foreign rule and an alien genius an aggressive \n458 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \neven though a missionary advance. In course of time \npolitical absorption effects a psychological amalgamation; \nbut the older local loyalties, inherent qualities, and tradi¬ \ntional fealty, may persist and create problems. The Ger- \nman-American, the Italian-American, the Slavic-American, \nexpress a dual allegiance which is psychological rather than \npolitical, and recedes rapidly in a few generations. Such \ndivided fealty persists more strongly when the original ties \nare not broken. The problem of the Irish in Great Britain \nis complex by reason of just such psychological antago¬ \nnisms ; while such historic reconstructions as the unification \nof Italy and the amalgamation of Austria and Hungary \npresent allied problems of reconciliation of varying tradi¬ \ntions.", "chunk_index": 1130, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 893, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1131", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Colonization is a like process; the affiliations of the \nracial esprit and national temper—representing the older \ntype of collective conservative forces—remain as effective \nas political treaties, ententes and alliances. \nThe third factor in the psychological environment is the \nlocal genius—that aspect of the environmental influence \nwhich achieves an immediate loyalty to the smaller group \nand the direct tradition. It gives local distinctiveness to \ncommunities and represents the social esprit de corps, not \ndetached from the larger influences to which the community \nresponds, but imparting to it a distinctive coloring; As \nconduct is composed of small decisions, so equally are con¬ \ntacts inevitably local, with the constant, recurrent, de¬ \ntailed surroundings. The influence of the home is due to \nemphatic assertion and reassertion of the local genius. \nThese experiences of intimate contact with the immediate \nenvironment were in older days far more comprehensively \nformative.", "chunk_index": 1131, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1132", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The detachment of peoples gave to communi¬ \nties a greater distinctiveness; travel, the dissemination of \nknowledge, cosmopolitan ambitions, have rapidly equalized \nconditions and given to these older considerations a slighter \nvalue [14]. The local genius is not merely of the people \nand of one’s own people; it equally reflects the special class- \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 459 \ninterest, which is a phase of the local one. It is thus char¬ \nacteristic of the minute, detailed, presentative, intimate \nbearing which such psychological forces assume before \nthey become directly effective, are bred in the bone, woven \nin the spirit of the race. It remains consistently true in all \nrelations that the individual reacts to the immediate, local, \npresentative, recurrent experience.", "chunk_index": 1132, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 787, "length_words": 118 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1133", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Conversely is it true \nthat the course by which principles and ideas and the \nformulation of doctrines are imposed—however ardent and \nvital the reforming increment—is more indirect, and be¬ \ncomes even more remote as principles become detached \nfrom practice, and by such psychological distance are less¬ \nened in effect. Hence the need of definite ritual and con¬ \ncrete observance in religion, as well as positive precepts in \ncodes of morality, rules of behavior and sanctioned customs, \nto give the tangible, visible feeling of conformity, and \nthereby carry the lesson of the indwelling spirit as far as \nit may. Hence also the danger of lip-service, from the \nburnt offering to the subscription list, the prayer machines \nand the telling of beads and recital of creeds and mummery \nof sentiment with feeble support in practice. Yet how¬ \never feeble the comprehension, conformity breeds loyalty.", "chunk_index": 1133, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1134", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Compositely such practiced and sanctioned observances per¬ \nmeate to every phase of the local environment, and become \na psychic climatic influence, an atmospheric pressure, sensi¬ \ntive to the coarser and the slighter fluctuations of the col¬ \nlective spirit. It is with this conservative trend that the \nvariational moods of reformation have constantly to con¬ \ntend. \nThe fourth consideration, everywhere operative in the \nsocial environment, relates to the dominant regulative sys¬ \ntems. These become more explicit and elaborate in de¬ \nveloped cultures, but may be traced backward to the very \nbeginnings of organized society. Their earliest expressions \nfollow the clew of social stratifications. It is through them \nthat the tribe is organized, that family relations are estab- \n460 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nlished, and the proprieties of conduct between classes are \nfixed. Customs are older than laws, but naturally lead to \nthem.", "chunk_index": 1134, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1135", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Thus codes arise, principles are stated, traditions \nbecome articulate. Of the several systems effective in the \nintellectual realm, that of religion may in turn be said to \ndominate in the historical perspective; for its “social” pur¬ \npose is to afford an all-embracing, spiritual as well as prac¬ \ntical guide to life. It provides sanctioned decisions, confers \nuniformity, unites divergent interests. Its relation to the \nethical system is originally intimate, and in that relation \ntypical [14]. Law, justice, and the political regulations \nform other interpenetrating comprehensive systems, con¬ \ntrolling both the social and the personal relations, and de¬ \nvelop vested and sanctioned rights conferred by the total \nsocial structure. Each system, though asserting a limited \nsovereignty, becomes in a measure a rival of the others. \nIn due course the scientific system, which justifies itself by \nproof and practical efficiency, acquires a large place.", "chunk_index": 1135, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1136", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Men \ndefend conduct by reason, and in such reason make appeal \nto the orderly interpretation of nature as well as of human \nexperience. Men discover not only what works but why it \nworks. The establishment of such a system of regulation \nrepresents the most stupendous achievement of the human \nmind. Its path is a laborious one; it begins with a super¬ \nnaturalism, proceeds through ages of superstition and the \npursuit of false leads; it is expressed in systems of beliefs \ninevitably formulated under the auspices of religious tenets \nand political establishments. The authority of the high \npriest, the divine right of kings, the supremacy of the \northodox faith, the power of excommunication or ostracism, \nare all examples of the survival of religious and political \npower into the domain of intellectual truth. Truth like \nright has to make terms with might.", "chunk_index": 1136, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 866, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1137", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Knowledge comes to \nits own slowly, and may excite a suspicion or distrust sug¬ \ngestive of the attitude of the medieval populace toward the \npractitioner of the black arts. As the central principle \nCHARACTER AND THE ENVIRONMENT 461 \nunderlying the growth of control over nature as over so¬ \nciety, rationality makes its slow and devious progress. Its \npartial establishment under a composite allegiance has often \nbeen the chief obstacle to the further extension of its do¬ \nminion. \nThe joint issue of these several forces upon the constitu¬ \ntion of the social-psychological environment may be sum¬ \nmarized under the comprehensive rubrics of standards and \nideals.", "chunk_index": 1137, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 669, "length_words": 104 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1138", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For as a fact both in the larger outlook and in the \nnearer prospect, the actual regulation of individual con¬ \nduct by the collective sanction takes the concrete form of \nstandards of behavior; when the rules as well as the prac¬ \ntices of life are animated and justified in some measure by \nthe more deliberate understanding and approval of sup¬ \nporting principles, there arise ideals of desirable ends and \njustifiable means. Practically, as the direct impress of the \nenvironment, standards prevail; ultimately ideals rule. \nEach affects the other, and the two must find a congenial \nrelation. Ideals are supplied by the imagination and the \nindividualized expression of the few; they are conveyed \nand embodied in standards of attitude and conduct for the \nmany; through these the solidarity of a national conscious¬ \nness and the special loyalties of class are expressed.", "chunk_index": 1138, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1139", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In retrospect the consideration of the psychological en¬ \nvironment furnishes the clew to the survival value of the \nqualities of men as expressed in the prevalent systems of \nculture. It presents them as modified adaptations of \noriginal or ancient impulses to modern requirements. \nThus considered the survival of qualities is an issue of na¬ \nture. Yet values are developed and retained by securing \na place for such natural qualities, or by extending their \nfunction in the actual arena of social competition. Con¬ \ncretely the direction of quality to expression and the place \nof any one quality in the total social structure are embodied \nin standards accepted and maintained, and selected and fa¬ \nvored as well. As each individual responds to the environ- \n4G2 CHARACTER1 AND TEMPERAMENT \nmental system he develops a personal equation, an individ¬ \nual rendering of the general perspective of values.", "chunk_index": 1139, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 908, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1140", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Sup¬ \nporting the individual and the collective determination of \ninodes,^ directions and standards of response, there enters \nthe guiding principles under which systems are developed, \nthe ideals under which qualities reach their fullest expres¬ \nsion. . There emerges a Lebens-philosophie that carries the \nindividual through the more conscious and deliberate situa¬ \ntions of life, and constitutes the final phase of the amalga¬ \nmation of character and temperament, and the equally ma¬ \nture and conclusive expression of the individual, the local, \nthe national, and the generic cultural appraisal of the \nqualities of men. \nCHAPTER IX \nTHE QUALITIES OF MEN \nThe analysis of the sources of human qualities finds its \nconsummation in the appraisal of their value as determiners \nof conduct in the service of purpose.", "chunk_index": 1140, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 819, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1141", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Endowment and \nenvironment interact; human qualities mature and receive \ntheir finer direction in adaptation to condition; condition \nbecomes the increasing complication and specialization of \nthe artificial environment created by the industrial, social, \neducational, and institutional provisions of organized com¬ \nmunities. The environment becomes a consolidation of in¬ \nfluences even more than a set of conditions. Artificial \nselection is imposed upon natural selection, and both act \nupon original and derivative qualities to their readjustment. \nEncouragement and discouragement act as rewards and \npunishments of limited range but decisive bearing. The \nselection of qualities proceeds through the favor of adapta¬ \ntion in one direction or another, in major or minor measure, \ncentrally or incidentally. Qualities become rivals as well \nas mutual supports; their emphasis by and in the environ¬ \nment introduces a changing perspective of value.", "chunk_index": 1141, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1142", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "With in¬ \ncreasing complication, advantage is no longer simple; it is \nof many kinds and degrees, with compensations and off¬ \nsets—themselves in the nature of nicer adjustments to more \nspecialized conditions. A quality conferring relative ad¬ \nvantage in one environment may prove of relative disadvan¬ \ntage in another; one of major significance may retire to a \nminor service; virtues and vices, despite the constancy of \ntheir standard relations, may change places under altered \ncircumstances. \n464 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nParallel with the complication of situation is the compli¬ \ncation of qualities, characteristically through the transfer of \na trait particularly adapted to a primary situation, to other \napplications and related outlets of expression. There is \nalso the rivalry of traits, making the issue: which trait shall \nprevail for a given type of situation.", "chunk_index": 1142, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 881, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1143", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Cumulatively the \ncomplication attaches to the environmental reconstruction; \nfor through it primary traits are redirected, are supplied \nwith new outlets, and transformed. Briefly they are over¬ \nlaid by the products of civilized life. The net issue is the \nestablishment of standards and ideals; in terms of adjust¬ \nment to these, the redirected traits are appraised. This \ncollective institutional encouragement and discouragement \noperates as a system of values. It confers vantage and \ndisadvantage as did originally the more direct rewards and \npunishments of nature; in further analogy, it brings into \nplay ever slighter variations and apter adjustments of \nselected traits to specialized environments. \nA principle of large moment issues from this evolutionary \nprocess.", "chunk_index": 1143, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 780, "length_words": 112 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1144", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It sets forth that the central effect of civilization \nis to make small differences count; in another formulation it \nindicates that we live upon the most highly differentiated \nphases, upon the upper ranges of our qualities; such is the \nlaw of specialization. The biological emphasis, whether of \nsex or race or other differentiation, is itself a specialization, \na superiority or particular fitness of adaptation to function \nor condition. In the field of ordinary endowment it is a \nmatter of degree and manner; it summarizes the fact that \nwhat many groups of men, races, nations, communities, \ncan do, some can do better than others and all do differ¬ \nently: some predominantly by the support of one set of \nqualities, others predominantly through other qualities, in \npart related, in part contrasted. What is done and how it \nis done reflect the support of achievement in the range of \nendowment.", "chunk_index": 1144, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 905, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1145", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The economic specialization of service is de¬ \npendent upon the biological one of quality; unskilled labor \nTHE QUALITIES OF MEN 465 \nproceeds upon the common aptitudes of men; skilled labor \nupon their divergences. The divergence expresses the fact \nof emphasis: the fitness of the one is but a higher degree of \naptitude common to the many. What one man does well he \ndoes for others, receiving in turn the benefit of others’ spe¬ \ncial gifts or applications. Yet individuals and communi¬ \nties compete by a composite of qualities; such dependence \nupon groupings of traits and the inherent correlation be¬ \ntween them fixes the limit of specialization; versatility re¬ \ntains its value. In simpler conditions each individual ex¬ \nercises a larger range of common functions; and communi¬ \nties like individuals are more self-sufficient.", "chunk_index": 1145, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 838, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1146", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The complica¬ \ntion of the social institutions develops the specialized crafts¬ \nman ; society provides useful outlets for the specialized en¬ \ndowments by creating careers for their possessors. Such \nendowments have a natural basis, a place in the composite \nequipment of the human individual for the normal demands \nof an adequate life. Endowment is not developed for \ncareer, but career is shaped to endowment. The place of \nwhat comes to be a directive quality may be central in sur¬ \nvival value, or it may be more or less derivative—a by¬ \nproduct of a trend of the whole. Men are energetic, ac¬ \nquisitive, masterful, as well as combative and lustful for \npower and control, because that set of qualities has a direct \nsurvival value in many a situation. The application of the \nquality expands and differentiates widely for different or¬ \nders of environment. Similarly, the fact that there are \nartists among men is an issue of the inherent esthetic trait \nin all men.", "chunk_index": 1146, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1147", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The artist, and no differently the soldier and \nthe captain of industry or the political “boss,” thrives upon \nhis specialized qualities. \nThe principle of specialization sets forth not alone that \nthe soldier or the organizer of industrial competition or the \nartist has one set of qualities highly developed, and that in \none race or nation military ability, organizing ability, or \nartistic ability may be marked above others, but that slight \n466 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ndifferences in the degree and manner of such specialized \nquality become more and more momentous; to such slight \ndifferences the social differentiation attaches increased \nvalue. As a consequence in the exercise as in the appraisal \nof the artistic gifts, finer distinctions, delicate superiorities \ncount decidedly as standards become more critical.", "chunk_index": 1147, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 829, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1148", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "By vir- \ntu'e of the law of distribution the number who can meet an \nexacting standard rapidly diminishes as the standard is \nmade more rigid; the highly superior are few in any call¬ \ning; hence the saying that there is always room at the top. \nIt seems fair to assume that the greatest of present-day \nAmerican painters—to choose a specialized order of ability \nadequate to a career—has but a slight superiority above his \nnearest competitors; yet such added quality at the top may \nalmost place him in a class by himself. Lower the qualifica¬ \ntions for admission to a national academy of art, and you \nadmit scores and hundreds of decided ability; lower the \nstandards once again and by only a slight step, and thou¬ \nsands may rightfully enter.", "chunk_index": 1148, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 749, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1149", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A slight increase in quality \nimplies rapid elimination of large numbers of competitors; \nin the surviving group finer and finer distinctions must be \nmade, more careful and balanced judgments be exercised \nbefore the prize is awarded; and the best of those who \nlose may xose by a hair s breadth. Selection proceeds \nwithin a selected group; in the upper ranges social selec¬ \ntion becomes decisive, and the establishment and main¬ \ntenance of standards becomes an expert service. Com¬ \npetency becomes a matter of very fine differences, in which \nthe compensation of one variety of quality must be meas¬ \nured against another [1].", "chunk_index": 1149, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 632, "length_words": 102 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1150", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Expressed in biological terms, the shifting of values in \nthe process of adjustment indicates that with the necessities \nonce satisfied, the struggle for preferment is transferred to \nthe specialized superiorities, all of them derivative prod¬ \nucts of qualities that owe their existence to phases of serv¬ \nice in the original types of situations, for the standard func- \nTHE QUALITIES OF MEN m 7 \ntions of the human organism. The esthetic satisfaction it¬ \nself illustrates the principle. Under severe conditions \nesthetic considerations are feebly developed; they cannot \nassert themselves above urgent and immediate necessities. \nThough a by-product of luxury, the esthetic quality blos¬ \nsoms under the slightest favoring condition, thus proving \nthe inherent tendency for the perspective of endowment to \nexpand and transfer its base. Art is an ancient expression, \nthe art-impulse an early, inherent trait of man.", "chunk_index": 1150, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 920, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1151", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The shift¬ \ning center of adjustment in human evolution is a movement \nof several components. Urgency sets the earlier scale of \nvalue; and later tendencies, however altered the orbit de¬ \nfining the sphere of their action, cannot too radically de¬ \npart from the patterns determined by use. But man does \nnot live by bread alone. With the major needs satisfied, \nthe adjustment is transferred to the mode and manner of \nthe minor satisfactions; and art has its chance. The primi¬ \ntive expression of an original quality exerts its sway; con¬ \ncomitantly, a cluster of derivative qualities develops and \nbecomes the focus of the shifted adjustment, the transferred \norder of satisfaction. An original limited trend gives rise \nto an ever extending series of derivative trends. The com¬ \nplications of the environment invite a transfer of value to' \nthe derived and transformed expansions of the original \ntraits.", "chunk_index": 1151, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1152", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Under such transformation the expressions of the \ndistinctive qualities of men absorb conscious consideration; \nin such terms the resemblances and differences of men are \nfelt and acted upon. \nThe issue that the finer qualities count because signifi¬ \ncance is attached to them, is as saliently illustrated in the \noperations of the differences as of the resemblances of men. \nThe statement that birds of a feather flock together ex¬ \npresses the natural influence of common standards and \ntemperamental congeniality. Slight differences of habit or \nappearance are enough to estrange; the psychology of preju¬ \ndice here finds its source. The advocates of the brother- \n468 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nhood of mankind rightly contend that in the larger aspects \nall men are essentially alike; but for actual human relations, \nthese similarities are not adequate, because the congeniality \nof intercourse depends upon the slighter differentiations, \nthe upper ranges of quality.", "chunk_index": 1152, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1153", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Such divergences, though \nartificial, develop upon a natural basis. Through this psy¬ \nchologically altered perspective of significance, broad and \neven fundamental similarities are obscured and minute and \nsuperficial differences emphasized. Not alone in the con¬ \ntacts of sharply contrasted races, but even in the intercourse \nbetween foreign peoples of like cultural standards, mis¬ \nunderstandings arise and approaches are difficult. Cul¬ \ntural differences, which in nature’s scheme of values are \nskin-deep, engage attention and direct response by the \nconstant assertiveness of their surface appearance. In an \nAmerican’s intercourse with a Japanese, he is steadily \naware of persistent psychological differences, despite the \nconsiderable adoption by the latter of the Occidental man¬ \nners.", "chunk_index": 1153, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 800, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1154", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Even in his relations with a sympathetic German or \nFrenchman, or a still more closely affiliated Englishman, \nthe difference of manner, speech, training, mode of \nthought, perspective of importance to be attached to one \nset of considerations or another—the i ‘ foreignness ’ ’_occu¬ \npies a much larger place than it intrinsically merits. Yet \nthese slighter differences have acquired a status as means of \nadjustment to the specialized environments which Ameri¬ \ncan, German, French and English life have established; they \nenter into the national standards and ideals which these di¬ \nvergent forms of culture maintain. Social stratification \nproduces the same result. One does not readily feel at \nhome among groups of other social training; embarrass¬ \nments and restraints, suspicions and antagonisms arise.", "chunk_index": 1154, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 814, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1155", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A member of the “intellectual” classes if set in his mental \nhabits, may find almost nothing to say to a man of the \npeople; neighbors at a dinner-table may bore one another, \nwhile a discerning redistribution of the guests may provide \nTHE QUALITIES OF MEN 469 \nfor each a stimulating congeniality of interest. Social tact \nconsists largely in the management and minimizing of the \nestranging restraints of slighter psychological divergences, \nin easing the rapprochements of divergent mental attitudes. \nThe distinctiveness, the intimate appeal of one’s own cul¬ \nture and the alien nature of another’s, leads to a derogatory \nview of the other and an implied superiority of one’s own. \nTo the Greek other peoples were “barbarians”; to the Jews \nthose of other faiths were Gentiles; to the Christian, heath¬ \nens; the delicate ( Note 12, page 231. A practicable scheme for the classifica¬ \ntion of the sentiments is the following: Sentiments are (1) gen¬ \neral emotional; (2) intellectual; (3) esthetic; (4) moral; (5) in¬ \nstitutional; (6) special complexes.", "chunk_index": 1338, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 818, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1339", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Many of the sentiments result \nfrom the interaction of the tendencies which these gTouji-lieadings \nspecify, and accordingly belong to or spread across several \ngroups; sub-types are readily distinguished. \n(1) The general emotional elaborations are represented by \nthose reviewed. Their central reference is to the welfare of the \nself; their most constant application is in the standard contacts \nof men in “social” intercourse; they grow more directly out of \nprimitive relations and present significant stages of develop¬ \nment. Jealousy, pride, sympathy, solicitude, humility, love, hate, \nrevenge, joy, sorrow, despair, repugnance, etc., are its forms. \n(2) The intellectual sentiments represent an emphasis, the di¬ \nrective play of a function present in sentiments in general; there \nare similarly no purely intellectual sentiments but many domi¬ \nnantly intellectual ones. The type-form is cunosity} an attitude \nof motive interest in the pursuit of knowledge.", "chunk_index": 1339, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 969, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1340", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The satisfac¬ \ntions of consistency, logicality, and the several allegiances and \nenthusiasms characteristic of the scientific temper are examples \nof its play. The presence of the intellectual flavor in sentiments \nelsewhere centered is notable. \n(3) The esthetic sentiment bears the general name of the sense \nof beauty. It dominates in all the arts, and subdivides finely as \nthese arts develop special techniques. The picturesque, the dra¬ \nmatic, the comic, the tragic, the sublime, the romantic, are dom¬ \ninantly (or even exclusively) esthetic. They merge readily with \nNOTES TO CHAPTER IV 541 \nintellectual, and, in a different issue, with the moral sentiments. \nThe esthetic quality frequently plays the part of contributing \nthe form, tone, color, or manner of the sentimental regulation, \nwhen the content is contributed by another (typically, the intel¬ \nlectual) phase of human interest. \n(4) Morality is rich in sentimental products.", "chunk_index": 1340, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1341", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is itself in \nsuch close relation to emotions and their social expression that \nthe sentiment is its characteristic issue, though its formulation in \nprinciples requires intellectual support. Conscience summarizes \nits attitude. It may claim truthfulness, chastity, altruism, revei- \nence, loyalty, justice and other virtues; sin, guilt, indulgence, \nbrutality, covetousness, insolence, cruelty and other vices. The \nvirtues of morality and the graces of beauty are frequently al¬ \nlied. \n(5) Institutions as naturally develop sentimental specializa¬ \ntions as they grow upon them. Justice as fair dealing is a \nmoral sentiment, but is conceived and practiced under institu¬ \ntional provisions. Such sentiments as conservatism, patriotism, \ndemocracy, socialism, are strongly institutionalized. The same \nmay be said of courtesy and similar formal regulations.", "chunk_index": 1341, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1342", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "(6) This division is strictly unnecessary, as all sentiments not \nreferable to one or another of the groups enumerated may be \nreferred to variations, combinations and derivative forms of the \nothers. Yet it may be useful to indicate the comprehensiveness \nof such sentiments as gentlemanliness; the “gentleman” is both \nan ideal, an emphasis of sentiments, and an institution. Chiv¬ \nalry, piety, religiosity, individualism, Christianity, Puritanism, \nHellenism, Americanism have similar bearings. Selecting a typ¬ \nical quality from each group, we may reach an ideal of human¬ \nity as a sympathetic, discriminating, conscientious, just, refined \ngentleman. \nSentimental fusions abound. Fastidiousness is esthetic and \nmoral; mysticism, pessimism, liberalism, tolerance, epicureanism, \nasceticism, stoicism are intellectual, moral, and, it may be, es¬ \nthetic. Wonder, awe, surprise, admiration, are intellectual and \nsocial in the first instance.", "chunk_index": 1342, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 948, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1343", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The ancestral sentiment is general \n(pride), institutional, and social. Democracy is a composite \nsentiment, as are also charity, opportunism, the esprit de corps \nof professions, Language develops sentimental associations with \n542 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nwords and usages; in the attempt to analyze the basis of offense \nin non-conformity to usage in speech, manners, fashions, we \ncome upon the compositeness of sentimental regulation. To ex¬ \nplain the status of nobility, vulgarity, Philistinism, ceremonial¬ \nism, Chauvinism, slavery to fashion, sensationalism, requires a \nreference to the several type-forms of sentiment. The spirit of \ndifferent ages, communities, movements, proceeds upon distinctive \npeispectives of sentimental components. \nNote 13, page 234.", "chunk_index": 1343, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 774, "length_words": 105 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1344", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The social sentiment determines the at¬ \ntitude toward offenses as toward criminals, and it is thus itself \ngauged by the general cultural status in which it finds a place \nMedieval tortures seem to us inconceivable and to disclose the \nimperfect moral advance of the days in which they flourished. \nThey seem at once cruel and unenlightened. Social sentiment in \nits composite reflects the place of the several sentiments in the \nsocial structure; the ordering of life indicates which types of \nsentiment are supported and which slighted, and how each group \ncomes to expression. It is also pertinent to add that such social \nsentiment is not of one order or stratum, but promptly subdi¬ \nvides along the distinctive lines of the social organization. The \nsentiment of one class diverges in part from that of another; \neach group imposes upon its members the code and the power of \nits traditions.", "chunk_index": 1344, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 898, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1345", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "There is honor amongst thieves; and the attitude \nof the offender toward the machinery of justice as well as toward \nthe social establishments which he slights or attacks, must also be \ntaken account of in the psychology of criminality. It is in these \naspects that the social sentiment develops and may be considered \nas the traits of organized groups of individuals. See Chapter \nVII. \nNote 14, page 239. It is neither possible nor desirable to \nsupply a survey of the psychology of the rational processes. Of \nthe accounts available in psychological treatises, that of Lloyd \nMorgan: “Introduction to Comparative Psychology” may be \nrecommended in connection with the present exposition. The \ntype-forms of thinking and the place of thought in the securing \nof control are on the whole but few.", "chunk_index": 1345, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 797, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1346", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is the delicacy and \nintricacy of their application and the enormous consequence of \nthe thought-processes in securing a rational control of nature’s \nways and resources and of an understanding of human behavior, \nNOTES TO CHAPTER IV 543 \nthat makes the world of reason so dominant in the shaping of \nthe world as we see it and respond in it and to it. See Chapter \nVIL \nNote 15, page 241. The similar bearing of intelligence and \nsensibility (Chapter II) should be recalled. It leads to the dis¬ \ntinction between dullness of perception and stupidity in adjust¬ \nment—the imperviousness to relations. The primary service of \nthe intellect is in differentiating situations; and this process con¬ \ntinues to ever-increasing accuracy and refinement, in classifica¬ \ntion, association, systematization, and in the association of their \nproducts with proper responses or preparatory attitudes. In \nsuch primary service the intellect is greatly aided by sensibility.", "chunk_index": 1346, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1347", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The intellectual specialization thus initiated leads to far-reaching \nconsequences in the reconstruction of the human estate. \nNote 16, page 243. It will not escape attention that the \ndevelopment of concepts and the introduction of standards and \nideals, of attitude and belief, and of the systems of thought \nand institutions in which all these are embodied, play the largest \npart in the actual measures of establishing social control. \nNote 17, page 247. The omission of the moral sentiments \nin the lineage of the higher phases of psychic control may ap¬ \npear to be as fatal as the omission of Hamlet from the play. \nPerhaps the simplest of the sentiments clearly moral in stature \nis justice; to find a place for it in original nature or in its early \nderivative issues is far from simple. Its growth is substantially \na social product. Why society should aim at justice is clear; \nwhy the individual should be so inclined is not.", "chunk_index": 1347, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 937, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1348", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For these and \nrelated reasons it is better to review this problem in connection \nwith the mature products of the moral sentiments in the social \nfabric of the environment. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER V \nNote 1, page 248. An application of the recent reconstruc¬ \ntions of the theories of heredity would be premature. A critical \npoint is the determination of the unit-character. Are there such \ncharacters, and what are they? In how far are such qualities \nas musical ability, or a refined color-sense, or a general intellectual \naptitude, or a special mathematical gift, or a moral sense, or man- \n544 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nual skill, comparable to tallness, eye-color, early aging, mus¬ \ncular strength, longevity, a tendency to gout, to adipose tissue, \nbaldness or other failing? What is the clew to the alphabet of \nheredity? These questions are imperfectly answered. An impor¬ \ntant aid to their comprehension is afforded by the heredity of \ndefects and extreme variations.", "chunk_index": 1348, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 975, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1349", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Idiocy and genius, color-blind¬ \nness and musical incapacity, neurasthenic and hysterical as well as \nphthisical and diabetic dispositions, mental and physical signs of \ndegeneracy, illustrate the scope of hereditary factors, and through \ntheir presence in families and stocks reveal a similarity of mecha¬ \nnism. A somatic unit-character is a tendency toward a definite \nmode of response. Temperament as a special disposition is \nhereditary; and psychic abnormality is the exaggeration of a \nmarked temperamental trend. See Chapter VI. \nNote 2, page 252. Gross defect is rarely enlightening. One \ndoes not speak of the temperament of the idiotic or feeble¬ \nminded, because the term is reserved for the middle scale of \npsychological variation. Idiocy may be viewed as the extreme \nstage of the inert, apathetic, phlegmatic temperament, with sensi¬ \nbilities, impulses, emotions, coordinations, severely reduced, or even \ndistorted.", "chunk_index": 1349, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1350", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For the feeble-minded and the high-gTade idiot, the \nformula is not so simple; and it may require expert tests to re¬ \nveal the departure from normality. Disproportion and limita¬ \ntion of development both enter. In a comparable sense genius \nrepresents the extreme variation of a temperamental trend. It \nfollows as a rule a strong, specialized disposition, based upon \nnative endowment. Excess offers more complicated departures \nfrom normality than does defect, yet in its extreme departure \napproaches the abnormal. The alliances of genius, in its major \nand minor exemplars,, to the liabilities and assets of the nervous \ntemperament, have ever attracted attention. The problem is con¬ \nsidered more fully in Chapter VI. \nNote 3, page 256. Products of deductive psychology such \nas this scheme embodies must be accepted with caution. Their \ngeneral validity may be granted; their application is a matter of \njudgment. They tell a partial story only, and often distort rela¬ \ntions.", "chunk_index": 1350, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 986, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1351", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Promptness and vigor and scope and nice adjustment of \nreaction are not indicated in the bare emphasis upon the vigor of \nthe process, which, however, remains significant. Sensibility and \nNOTES TO CHAPTER V 545 \naction are neither coordinate nor so strictly separable as are the \nterms of an equation. Classifications serve as clews or memo¬ \nranda; they must not be imposed upon the exposition or replace \nit, but direct attention to its truer, finer conclusions. \nNote 4, page 258- It is a proper deduction that the sen- \nsitive-active and the sensitive-active types are more strictly \nrepresentative temperaments and contrasted ones, than those \nassuming a comparable or like presence of the two qual¬ \nities. The conclusion is sound. The emphasis upon sensibility \ndetracts from action, and upon action detracts from sensibility. \nEven in the older delineations “melancholic” and sanguine \nfigured more distinctively than the other groups.", "chunk_index": 1351, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 944, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1352", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "There is a \ncertain strain in interpretation in bringing the other tempera¬ \nments within the necessary formula, something of a shift in the \nvalues of the component factors of the equation. One who really \ncombined the strong points of both temperaments would have a \nsuperior advantage. The “choleric” is not the equivalent of this \nrelation; the added implication is that the emphasis is possible \nonly by limitation of the field of application. Similarly the \n“phlegmatic” may be said to combine the weak points of both \ntemperaments, but by that fact to be saved from the risks of the \nmore pronounced developments. It is in view of this relation \nthat a “balanced” temperament, not answering strictly to any \nof the four usually scheduled, is recognized and may well repre¬ \nsent the standard relation. It combines the middle-range pres¬ \nence of the components common to all the temperamental for¬ \nmulae. The average is always the most common. \nNote 5, page 261.", "chunk_index": 1352, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 970, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1353", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A corollary may be added, suggested by \nthe adage that the child is father to the manyet prediction is \nfar less secure than retrospection. In anticipation judgment \nmust decide how far conspicuous traits are developmental and \ntransitory—like milk teeth—in due course to give way to the \nmore permanent qualities, as yet obscured by immature expres¬ \nsion. How far they are temperamental and developmental cu¬ \nmulatively, the more permanent stamp, persisting in altered rela¬ \ntion through the transformations of childhood and adolescence, \nalone decides. It is easier, as parents and intimate friends tes¬ \ntify, to go back and find the reflections or suggestions of mature \ncharacter in childhood traits than to predict mature from im- \n546 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nmature responsiveness. The problem is germane to the practical \none of adjusting training to disposition.", "chunk_index": 1353, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 877, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1354", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It also involves the \nproblem of the play of reenforcing and of antagonistic factors, \nall temperamental, but shifting in assertiveness: those of sex, \nage, constitution, heredity, specific bent, emotional trend. Such \ncomplex forces make the determination of leading factors or con¬ \nsistent composites of character a matter of insight—the insight \nthat makes mankind the proper study of man. \nNote 6, page 265. Even biography, the most individual of \nstudies, accepts the 'Type\" view. It does not attempt to give an \nexhaustively complete description of the subject’s personal \ntiaits, but to characterize them; to give them a setting and rela¬ \ntion in a generic view of life and lives. Comparative biography, \napart from attempting a mutual illumination by comparison and \ncontrast of related interests, products and careers, would in a \nsense form the complement of differential psychology by in¬ \nductively reaching the type-traits through a study of notable ex¬ \nemplars. \nNote 7, page 266.", "chunk_index": 1354, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1355", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Temperament may be viewed as an im¬ \nposed psycho-physiological budget. The body-machine takes its \ntype of efficiency from its metabolism, its adaptability of output \nto income; and this is reflected in the emotional tone as well \nas in the order and quality of achievement. Under this view \ntemperaments whose incomes exceed the drafts upon them, which \nexpend their resources cautiously, are saving (anabolic) in their \nphysiological and psychological economy; the converse, generous \nor extravagant temperaments, expend freely, are catabolic. The \nsanguine, like children, are impulsive; they assimilate and express \npredominantly through excess of nutrition, have quick reactions \nbut not deep or durable ones. In them slight incentives release \nresponses and prompt a brief sporadic strenuousness; they crave \nnew excitements—ever up and doing—because old ones, having \nspent their force, are dismissed and forgotten. They have a \nshort-lived budget of quick returns, but large ones.", "chunk_index": 1355, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1356", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The budget \nof the phlegmatic is perforce arranged on the opposite plan; they \nare living simply, even meagerly, with fewer needs, upon a fixed \ncapital; income and outgo are both reduced. The choleric bud¬ \nget makes a fitful splurge, goes bankrupt, again expands on \nslight capital, alternates between periods of normal and of ab- \nNOTES TO CHAPTER V 547 \nnormal activity—is irregular in its accounts. The nervous bud¬ \nget is difficult mainly because of the adjustment in manner and \ndirection of expenditure; the mechanism of exchange is involved; \nobligations are complex, and discharged uncertainly—some with \nconscientious avidity, others with painful effort. The “budget” \nview suggests a phase of temperamental regulation, but inade¬ \nquately reflects the involved relations. The budget here con¬ \ncerned deals in quality. Face-values are not decisive; the influ¬ \nences that maintain values above and below par are complex.", "chunk_index": 1356, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1357", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The budget is real; mental output is conditioned by physiological \nsupplies. But the condition is only one of many, and in many \ncases a subordinate consideration. The quality of the product is \nan inherent complication. \nNote 8, page 267. The advantage of the term Arilage is \nthat it implies, as no English word in common use adequately \nsuggests, the aptitude in terms of sensory or intellectual power \nalong with the emotional disposition, inclination, susceptibility; \nit might be rendered as “aptitude of disposition.” \nNote 9, page 275. In simple hoarding the actual glitter \nand weight and size of the piles of gold offer a tangible satisfac¬ \ntion for which the contemplation of a bank-book is but a feeble \nsubstitute. Yet gold and bank-account alike are socially and rep¬ \nresentatively effective. Credit, and the repute of wealth, the \nsolace of thrift, the contrast with less fortunate fellow-men, be¬ \ncome the avenues through which self-assertion comes forward.", "chunk_index": 1357, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1358", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Furthermore, it is the inability of other appeals to gain a hearing \nand thus reduce the indulged satisfactions to a proper place in the \nperspective of values, that makes possible the trait of niggardli¬ \nness. The sources of the tendencies that make for thrift and the \ntendencies that make for extravagance have each a place in orig¬ \ninal nature, and may be directed to a valuable motive in the \nsocial life. Most of us are saved from miserliness by the merely \npartial hold which any one trend exercises in the composite \npsychic regulation. We are all susceptible to the satisfactions of \nthrift, and practice petty economies that are more serviceable in \ngiving a sense of satisfaction and in correcting the natural ex¬ \ntravagance of reckless unconcern, than in their true thriftiness. \nIn cultured and disciplined persons ideals direct the adjustment, \nand establish a rational perspective of motives to replace impulses.", "chunk_index": 1358, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 930, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1359", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "548 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nWe may indulge the hoarding trait by collecting anything from \npostage-stamps up or down, and give such interests a deeper hold \non our energies and attention than their intrinsic worth merits; \nbut in so doing we present the redeeming quality of a disinter¬ \nested motive, an “amateur” love of the pursuit and its object, \nthat makes the bare expression of acquisitiveness in the two cases \na merely incidental resemblance. The diagnosis must reach psycho¬ \nlogical realities and appraise symptoms by their place in such a \nsystematic interpretation. Symptoms derive their significance frdm \nthe complex in which they are set. It is such setting and propor¬ \ntion that makes them innocent or dangerous, significant or trivial. \nNote 10, page 278. Studies of this nature have extended \napplied psychology toward the “vocational” analysis of endow¬ \nment.", "chunk_index": 1359, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 885, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1360", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For the groundwork of musical capacity see Seashore on \nthe “Measure of a Musician” in “The Psychology of Daily Life” \n(Conduct of Mind Series). Compatibilities are quite as likely to \nbe generic as specific. The psychology of painters and that of \nmusicians overlaps in so far as both are expressions of the artistic \nendowment; they diverge in the media of their expression and \naccordingly in the proficiencies of endowment. It is the contrast \nof endowment between musician or painter and that of captain of \nindustry or military leader that is fundamental in the direction of \nspecialization. See Dauriac: “Psychologie du Musicien” (1891); \nFeiss: “Genealogie und Psychologie der Musiker”; Arreat: “Psy¬ \nchologie du Peintre” (1892). \nNote 11, page 287. The senses of smell and taste contribute \nbut modestly to the intellectual callings. Their chief role is in \nthe appreciation of the composite zests of life; their direction of \nappetite is typical.", "chunk_index": 1360, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1361", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "They help to shape the satisfactions of exist¬ \nence, the euphoria of being. Good appetite and good digestion \nmake for sanity of mind as well as of body; the control that en¬ \njoys their wholesome activity yet releases from too tyrannical a \ndependence, is the established normal relation, the product of a \ntrained will. Esthetic sensibility is distinctly enriched by its \nolfactory flavor. Individual differences in these respects are most \ndifficult to formulate; they shade over into idiosyncrasies and \ncaprice. Variability is proverbially recognized in the statement \nthat tastes differ. Psychology does not give up the hope of ac¬ \ncounting for them. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER V 549 \nNote 12, page 297. The standardized tests of mature at¬ \ntainment are largely of an academic status, the things that edu¬ \ncated persons of certain stations are expected to know or to be \nable to do; that is, they test familiarity and a certain power of \nacquisition under encouragement and instruction.", "chunk_index": 1361, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1362", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The experimen¬ \ntal method aims so far as possible to eliminate or allow for this \nelement by testing the power to form new acquisitions—reactions \nto the unfamiliar—also to find collateral evidence in the rate and \nmanner of acquisition. A significant clew lies in the prompt and \nefficient transfer from the solution of problems by the method of \ntrial to the method of rational insight into principles. \nTests for normal development and the determination of the de¬ \ngree to which backward or defective children are retarded (Binet- \nSimon tests) reflect both capacity and familiarity. These tests \nare empirical and must be presented in terms that are readily un¬ \nderstood. The fact that they yield useful differentiations shows \nthat even data of this order may be valuable under proper inter¬ \npretation. \nA more specific difficulty should be noted.", "chunk_index": 1362, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 856, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1363", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "When an answer \nto a question is ready because the data are familiar, the solution, \nwhich is the test, is of one psychological status; when ready, \ndespite the unfamiliarity, it is evidence of a different psycho¬ \nlogical proficiency. If I have once been taught the solution or \ntold the answer, I merely recall it when put to the test; by direct \nor indirect clew I remember; memory is, then, the quality chiefly \ntested. If I work it out freshly without aids, my logical capacity \nis tested. Once more the inference of capacity from achieve¬ \nment becomes uncertain. We do not doubt that college seniors \nhave larger intellectual proficiencies than freshmen; yet most \nseniors would have difficulty in passing their entrance examina¬ \ntions. And the specific difficulty still applies; that the qualities \nconstituting the progress may be put down as intellectual without \nindicating their type.", "chunk_index": 1363, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1364", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In brief, capacity and attainment move in \noverlapping and yet dissimilar orbits; furthermore, while we may \ndevise tests to show what individuals can do or what they know, \nthe tests are adequate only when they indicate as well how they \ndo it and by what steps the knowledge is sustained, the process \ncarried on. \nNote 13, page 303. The limitations of the programme of in- \n550 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ndividual psychology on the emotional side are quite as marked \nand of a similar nature. The laboratory tests cannot supply the \nproper situations to engage or test the strength and quality of \nemotion as it is effective in conduct; for this nothing less real and \nless adequate than the situations of life itself suffices. Psycho¬ \nanalysis is an experimental method that aims at once to deter¬ \nmine the intellectual play of psychic elements in general and of \ntheir emotional hold specifically.", "chunk_index": 1364, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 904, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1365", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For the most part emotional \ntlends aie included in the survey of individual nature by the \nmethod of the questionable asking for self-analysis, or by the \nmethod of observation and impression or judgment of the compe¬ \ntent observer. No measure of a man is at all complete or funda¬ \nmental which does not fully recognize the standard importance of \nthis aspect. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI \nNote 1, page 304. The field of mental abnormality has been \nstudied mainly in the interests of mental disease; abnormal psy¬ \nchology attempts an interpretation of the abnormal phenomena_ \nin part common to psychiatry and in part distinct—for the inter¬ \nests of psychology. It emphasizes the minor deviations in dis¬ \nposition and in psychological manifestation, and looks upon the \ngrosser disorders as the terminal issues of trends related to the \nliabilities of the normal.", "chunk_index": 1365, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1366", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The human mind is subject to dis¬ \ntinctive forms of loss and impairment by reason of the natural \ndemands made upon the psychic endowment, and of the complex \nsystems of impulses which it harbors to meet them. Its failures \nand aberrations are significant to the psychologist; hence the in¬ \nterest in the abnormal tendencies of mind, which forms the sub¬ \nject of this chapter. Such tendencies are set within the normal \nrange of variation; and the interpretation embraces both the in¬ \ncipient tendencies and the extreme issues. \nNote 2, page 305. A peculiarly instructive illustration is \nthat of the periodical fluctuation hi the mental life of women in \ndirect response to a rhythmical physiological liability.", "chunk_index": 1366, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 716, "length_words": 115 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1367", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The emo¬ \ntional tone, the mental impressionability, the self-control, the ener¬ \ngies, vary characteristically at such periods; even crimes and sui¬ \ncides and offenses against the social order show a striking' increase \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 551 \nin relation to this aggravating organic factor of instability. “A \nwoman always lives on the upward or downward slope of a \ncurve; men, though likewise not uniformly at their best or at their \nworst, live more on a level of efficiency. The susceptibility to \nabnormal mental disturbances in women is organically related to \nthe periodic factor and to the reproductive function of which it \nis the primary expression.” See Havelock Ellis: “Man and \nWoman,” chapter XI. \nIt is because the sexual factor is more pervasive and more im¬ \nperious (as well as organically more distinctive) in the feminine \ncycle that its liabilities at critical periods are fraught with greater \nrisks.", "chunk_index": 1367, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1368", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Here belong the wayward lapses of adolescent hysteria; \nhere belong also the abnormal liabilities of the later period of \nsexual wane, the significance of which is so commonly overlooked. \nIn every large community there occur baffling instances to which \nthis factor supplies the clew. It may be the case of the mother \nof an only child who develops delusions regarding her son’s pecca¬ \ndillos, falls for some months into a true melancholia, and in due \ncourse recovers. It may be the case of a highly esteemed, capable \nmother of a family who develops the delusion that a bachelor of \nmature years is paying undue attention to her. Or it may be the \ncase of an unmarried woman who magnifies the congenial interest \nof a male associate in intellectual or other enterprise into an im¬ \nplied, more serious attention.", "chunk_index": 1368, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 816, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1369", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In yet other cases there occurs a \nperiod of reckless extravagance for finery or other forms of dis¬ \nplay, or of restless dissatisfaction with interests hitherto absorbing \nand adequate, without marked irregularity, yet distinctly verging \nupon the abnormal. What is significant throughout is the subtle \ninvasion of the psychological realm, wherein the accredited traits \nof character are displayed, by a deep-seated physiological unrest, \nwhose surface tendencies are apt to attach themselves with some \nmeasure of accident to one or another phase of the emotional life, \nand through such attachment to disguise their true origin. Of \nsimilar import are the sporadic hysterical incidents in late ado¬ \nlescence—a single kleptomaniac outbreak, a single venture in the \nfield of improprieties—in an otherwise normal life. \nNote 3, page 311.", "chunk_index": 1369, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 841, "length_words": 125 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1370", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "A distinction must be drawn between de¬ \nprivation of the convenient avenues of sense-discrimination re¬ \nsulting in blindness or deafness, which involve substantially no in- \n552 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nlierent defect of sensibilities so far as their reports reach the \nbrain, and the subnormal reception of such messages for which \nthe instruments of transmission may be fairly normal. The blind \nand deaf, despite their handicap, attain a development in all es¬ \nsentials parallel to that of the seeing and hearing, though they re¬ \nflect in their derivative qualities the issues of their deprivations. \nThe feeble-minded are cut off from all but a small measure of de¬ \nvelopment. It is thus evident that the mental impressionability \nand responsiveness form the basal qualities of the nervous en¬ \ndowment that make or mar the possibilities of development; they \nuse the sense-equipment in this process, in turn adjusting employ¬ \nment to endowment.", "chunk_index": 1370, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1371", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is accordingly an extreme subnormality \nof nervous sensibility—not of sensory function—that is to be con¬ \nsidered as vital. It is this fundamental defect, or its distorted \nrelation, that constitutes idiocy, doubtless conditioned by a specific \norganic abnormality of the nervous system. See Goddard: “The \nKallikak Family” (1912), and Goddard: “Feeble-mindedness” \n(1914). \nNote 4, page 312. The psychology of minor mental defect \nis beginning to receive a more careful attention. Backwardness, \narrest of development, premature decline as well as simple stu¬ \npidity are phases of its appearance. Surveys of children of \nschool-age indicate that at least two in a hundred are feeble¬ \nminded; and presumably three, four, five, or six in every hundred \nare subnormal to such a degree as to remove them from full par¬ \nticipation in the training provided for the average mind.", "chunk_index": 1371, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1372", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "By the \nlaw of distribution of mental qualities, it follows that for every \nclistinetive case of defect, there must be several times as many \ncases of less pronounced deficiency of the same order. It is thus \nestablished that a considerable number of the persons employed \nin the simpler occupations are mentally below par; the arrange¬ \nments of life must be simplified, or even made “fool-proof,” to \npermit of their adjustment to them, much as the sheltered environ¬ \nment of an institution is alone possible for the truly feeble¬ \nminded. It is not so much the democratic distribution of stupid¬ \nity or its relation to the strain of the environment that is here \npertinent as the insight into its nature.", "chunk_index": 1372, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 709, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1373", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Mere insensibility is in¬ \nvolved ; likewise lack of observation, feeble impressionability, \nshortness of memory, inability to hold much at a time in the mind, \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 553 \nlimited interests, a mechanical responsiveness, disregard of dif¬ \nferences, lowered energies, are all factors in the psychology of \nstupidity, in the complex that makes the mental movement stale, \nflat, and unprofitable. The liabilities of defect mingle with those \nof distortion; they thus complicate the types of mental impair¬ \nment and disability and make the analogy between the pronounced \nforms of disease and the deviating trends of temperament uncer¬ \ntain and limited.", "chunk_index": 1373, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 665, "length_words": 101 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1374", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The fact that development may proceed nor¬ \nmally to a given point and then disclose its inherent limitations \nor abnormal tamt, is shown in cases of childish precocity and \npeculiarity, promising marked if uncertain intellectual capacities, \nwhich at adolescence reveal their true basis in a deviation that \nthen turns to what is substantially a high-grade feeble-minded¬ \nness. \nNote 5, page 314. In the typical choleric action, it is not \nthe bare excess of action but as well the limitation of the type \nof action and attitude which it favors, that makes it choleric. \nThe excess and the limitation go together. Moreover the same \ntype of issues—violent explosions of anger, and of other primary \npersonal emotions like grief, passion, hatred—are such catholic \nforms of psychic excitement that they may appear in any tem¬ \nperamental setting. Hysterical persons give way to outbursts \nthat are choleric.", "chunk_index": 1374, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 908, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1375", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Yet when the energetic and expansive disposi¬ \ntion directs the enterprise, the choleric outburst is more typical; \nthis in the extreme is in line with the maniacal symptoms. Like \nsymptoms occur in different temperamental liabilities. \nThe dominance of action on the sanguine basis is again to be \ndifferentiated from the action of choleric type. A differently dis¬ \nposed range of sensibility underlies it. Excitement, folly, wild \noats, extravagance, and the open temptations of sport, venture, \ncontagion, together with a limited sway of the restraining moral, \nintellectual, esthetic considerations, give the setting under which \nthe liability to excess operates. It may be akin to mere weakness \nof character; it may be low taste and vulgarity. It is the \nformula of intoxication acting upon favoring disposition, in \nwhich the exuberance of ready action invites, and excitement \nfurther leads on, and restraints are by nature weak.", "chunk_index": 1375, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 938, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1376", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Vigor is \nitself a temptation as well as a resource, as weakness may be a \nprotection against excess. The manner of expression of the \n554 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nexcited (erethic) temperament is likewise characteristic, and em¬ \nphasizes the oj3timistic trend of the energetically endowed. \nNote 6, page 316. Dr. G. R. Wilson in Journal of Mental \nScience, Jan., 1892. \nNote 7, page 317. Such terms as sensitiveness, perception, \nimagination, are readily transferred from the sensory to the \nemotional field. “Sensitiveness” applies ordinarily to the sus¬ \nceptibility to the slight encouragement and disparagement of \nself-esteem. The fine “touch” of the pianist combines both the \nsensory and the emotional order of affect. Similarly, morbid sen¬ \nsitiveness may be of the sensory order, as hyperesthesia of touch, \nsensitiveness to sounds; but even in these cases the sensitiveness \nis associated with the emotionally disturbing (or soothing) char¬ \nacter.", "chunk_index": 1376, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 963, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1377", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For the most part the quality that is involved in the ab¬ \nnormal tendencies is an emotional hyperesthesia in the realm of \nthe self-centered emotions. \nNote 8, page 320. The types of normal temperaments and \nabnormal disorders are but partly parallel. The term “diath¬ \nesis” expresses the fact of an hereditary trend toward a certain \ndisorder. “Hysterical” is a term readily carried over from the \nabnormal, where it originates, to the normal, where it expresses \na diathesis. \nNote 9, page 323. The contrary statement is often made; \nthere is no real contradiction. With neurasthenia as a general \nnervous disorder, hysteria becomes one of its varieties, and the \ngroup as a whole, including hysteria, becomes more common in \nwomen. Neurasthenia as a specific disorder is distinctly more \ncommon in men.", "chunk_index": 1377, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 807, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1378", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "This is but one way of saying that when the \nmasculine nervous system breaks down, it tends to break down in \none way, the neurasthenic way; and when the woman’s nervous \nsystem breaks down, it breaks down in its typical way, the hysteri¬ \ncal way. It seems far better to specialize the terms since they \nrepresent divergent tendencies and sources. There are characteris¬ \ntic phases in each as well as common liabilities: neurasthenia pros¬ \ntrates, hysteria tends to action. The phobias that paralyze, like \nthe fear of social contact, of open places, of contamination, are \nneurasthenic; the manias, like kleptomania, or other inordinate \ntendencies, are hysterical. The confusion is also due to the fact \nthat in concrete cases the two groups of symptoms overlap. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 555 \nNeurasthenics quite commonly exhibit some hysterical symptoms, \nbut may be free from, them; the converse is true of hystericals.", "chunk_index": 1378, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 922, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1379", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Also hysteria in men assumes a neurasthenic color, neurasthenia \nin women an hysterical color. \nThe prostration of the neurasthenic is the persistent obstacle in \nthe regaining of poise; the vagrant uncertainty and sporadic lapse \nof the hysterical marks the course of conquest. The neurasthenic \nlearns to become less alarmed and disturbed by the recurrence \nof symptoms; the hysterical, fairly oblivious of symptoms, learns \nto summon the greater resisting power of reacquired habits to \nward off periods of tense temptation. Both dispositions repre¬ \nsent bad mental habits nurtured upon a nature offering positive \ninvitation to the formation of such vicious trends. Hysteria is as \nmuch outgrown as cured. It leaves a scar, but a very different \nkind of a scar from that of neurasthenia. \nNote 10, page 326. The impediment may be more charac¬ \nteristically a motor or a sensory one.", "chunk_index": 1379, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 887, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1380", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The phobia, worry, self- \nconsciousness may dominate, or the difficulty become acute only \nwhen action is demanded. A decided interference with intel¬ \nlectual work may occur because of a subjective dwelling on the \narticulatory images. In one such instance a lawyer could not \nplead his cause because of the dominance in bis consciousness \nof the sound and “feel” of his own articulation. The manner \nof psychic impediment varies widely; but it remains true to the \ntype,—namely, an overabsorption in the realm of sensibility and \nemotion, a consequent hesitation and entangled action. \nNote 11, page 328. Stammering and stuttering furnish \npointed examples of the inducing occasions of nervousness.", "chunk_index": 1380, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 700, "length_words": 107 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1381", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "There are many persons disposed to this type of motor insta¬ \nbility (and the most secure of speech hesitate under nervous ten¬ \nsion) who have outgrown or conquered the impediment for ordi¬ \nnary occasions; but in whom fatigue, strain, excitement, worry, \neven the departure from established routine, will bring back the \ntrouble in slight or marked measure. In some cases the degree \nof excitement that will induce it—and the degree of its presence \n—becomes a reliable index of nervous condition, almost a diag¬ \nnostic clew to nervous tone. Such specific irregularities demon¬ \nstrate bow a physiological condition plays upon the most sensi¬ \ntive and highly developed portions of the nervous mechanism. \n556 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nNote 12, page 330. It is undesirable to carry a point too \nfar; yet the fact that hysteria permeates to the minutest details \nof expression, forms part of the conception.", "chunk_index": 1381, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 910, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1382", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Thus the readiness \nto use a louder, higher-pitched voice than is necessary, to laugh \nmore boisterously than convention approves and to be unable to \nstop, to follow a statement with a slight guttural sound of ap¬ \nproval, may readily reveal the hysterical tendency, because these \nare all miniature instances of slight motor impulses overflowing \ntheir confines; they show the absence of clear-cut, well poised \nreactions. Of themselves they are trivial, but combined with \nother symptoms they are corroborative. It is this type of diag¬ \nnosis that leads to the early detection of abnormal tendencies, and \nthus practically to treatment and prevention of more serious de¬ \nvelopments. It also differentiates one type of defect from others \nallied to it. \nNote 13, page 331.", "chunk_index": 1382, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 776, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1383", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The naming of a temperament by the \nrisk which it entails has no other justification than the sugges¬ \ntiveness of the term and its convenience; yet the procedure has \nthe special warrant that in the contemplation of the natural \nliabilities, the distinctive qualities of the venture come to the \nfore. The temperament is the positive reality, the condition of \nachievement, and the neurasthenia is one of its risks made real. \nThe neurasthenic risk may be, yet need not be bound up with \nan unusual degree of the valued qualities of the “nervous” tem¬ \nperament. It will take but a slight oversensibility to precipitate \nthe disasters of neurasthenia or of hysteria when the powers \nof resistance are slight, the heredity enfeebled. Many quite \nordinary minds succumb to neurasthenia; still more of the same \ncaliber to hysteria. The mode of their succumbing commonly \nreflects the strain of their psychological nature.", "chunk_index": 1383, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 920, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1384", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "What re¬ \nmains true and characteristic is that the neurasthenic risk ob¬ \ntains in cases of sensitive adjustment to complex intellectual \nsituations, and that out of such sensitiveness may issue, and have \nissued, the rarer and finer products of the human mind. Dis¬ \nqualifications may come to many and in much the same terms; \nfor each has something to lose, and in such loss suffers similarly. \nIt is just this similarity of symptom under loss that is significant, \nthough not necessarily indicative of a like possession, beyond \nthe fundamental similarities of endowment. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 557 \nNote 14, page 331. The analogy in natural child-traits may \nbe summarized. Its foremost condition lies in the undeveloped \ncontrol.", "chunk_index": 1384, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 734, "length_words": 117 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1385", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The irritability, the passionate anger, the quick changes \nof mood, the ready forgetfulness, the caprice of taste and pre¬ \ndilection, the guidance of action by feeling, the subjection to the \ninterests of the moment, the prompt fatigue, the need of new \nstimuli, the eager absorption when occupied, the ready imagina¬ \ntion, find a place in the earlier stages of mental growth, but in \ntheir disproportionate development furnish the basis of hysteria. \nNote 15, page 333. Hysterical tendencies, even if fairly \npronounced, are commonly remote from the disorders of hysteria \nas standardized in the medical literature. The bodily symptoms \nare important in diagnosis. Hysterical patients may present \nareas of anesthesia often strictly defined, or curious limitations \nof vision. Paralyses may be present that show their psychic \norigin by their disappearance under distraction, and their limi¬ \ntation to actions requiring voluntary control.", "chunk_index": 1385, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1386", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Symptoms indicat¬ \ning disturbances of nutrition and circulation are common. With \nthese may be associated the tendencies in milder hysteria that \nresult in blushing, ticklishness, giggling, spasmodic action (hic¬ \ncough, globus, choreic movement, uncontrollable tears and laugh¬ \nter). The interpretation of these symptoms varies; the point \nat issue is whether they are primarily psychic in origin, forming \npoints of fixation in the physiology of disowned or marooned \nphases of consciousness; or whether they are primarily physio¬ \nlogical and the actual instigators of the hysterical dissociation \nin the mental realm. What is unmistakable is that organic fluc¬ \ntuations and mental ones go together.", "chunk_index": 1386, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 705, "length_words": 102 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1387", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The patient is in one \nmental condition, is in one mood, is indeed one personality, \nwhen the anesthesias or paralyses are present, and is another per¬ \nsonality when they disappear; there may be several cycles of \nsuch sensory and motor (psychic) defect, and concomitantly \nwith them shifts of personality, with different tastes, resources, \nexpressions. Characteristic are the rifts and bridges of memory \nseparating and yet bridging the several personalities. Such \nmanifestations, physiological and psychological, are the extreme \nissues of hysterical disintegration. They seem remote from the \nlesser liabilities, yet are connected by manifold resemblances \narguing a common source. \n558 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nThe dissociation which is responsible for a large range of the \nsymptoms may be imposed, accepted, encouraged, and even, it \nhas been suggested, assumed. Yet one must proceed cautiously.", "chunk_index": 1387, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 906, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1388", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "As belief and make-belief, self-deception and intentional decep¬ \ntion are often uncertainly divided, so may hysterical incidents \nsuggest one or the other interpretation. Yet the practical reality \nof the conflicting state finds its evidence in the amnesias and \nanesthesias, in the struggles and fusions that mark the course \nof the disorder and its treatment. The hysterical nature of the \nfunctional malady gives it a distinctive status in the abnormal \nrealm where truth and falsity, subjective and objective, lose the \nordinary sharpness of their boundaries. \nIt would lead too far afield to dwell more explicitly upon the \ngenesis of conflicting personality. In the extreme case it is the \ndepth of dissociation and its complete organization that is strik¬ \ning.", "chunk_index": 1388, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 769, "length_words": 118 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1389", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The disruption is then disastrous in that it affects mem¬ \nories, tastes, attitudes, habits, social relations, conduct in all its \nphases; divorce is impossible since both organized trends occupy \nthe same tenement of clay, are bound to the same nervous and \nmuscular system for their expressions. “Personality One” in¬ \ndulges in tastes abhorrent to “Personality Two,” plays pranks \nby which the “Other” suffers, loses her property, plots her un¬ \ndoing, forgets her commissions, taunts her for remissness, ousts \nher from the ascendancy momentarily gained, is bold where the \n“Other” is shy, is strong where the “Other” is weak, is gay where \nthe “Other” is morose, is frivolous where the “Other” is sedate, \nis conscientious where the “Other” is irresponsible, is kind where \nthe “Other” is spiteful.", "chunk_index": 1389, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 803, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1390", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The evidence, though complex, is con¬ \nvincing that the detached psychic cluster of trends and qualities \nis organized about some central assertion of motive; that it is \npartial in its invasion, handicapped in its composition, rebellious \nin its attitude; and particularly that it is related to the dominant \nor more stable consciousness in the manner of a subconscious \nsecession, and carries on a peculiar intercourse with it. It is this \nintercourse that forms at once the clew to treatment and fusion \nby a sort of psychical surgery, and establishes the entire com¬ \nplex as a form of deep “suggestive” product similar to the \naltered personalities that may be obtained in hypnosis, sleep¬ \nwalking, and allied trance-states.", "chunk_index": 1390, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 730, "length_words": 116 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1391", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Altered, detached, warring, \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 559 \nhandicapped personalities are brought into relation with the \nmany manifestations of hysteria, of cultural and historical sig¬ \nnificance (oracles, witches, somnambules; victims of contagion, \ntantrums, obsessions, delusions, etc.), and thus complete the inter¬ \npretation of extreme hysterical liability. The physiological \nsymptoms—anesthesia, pseudo-paralysis, loss of sensory or mo¬ \ntor proficiencies, peculiar susceptibilities—deserve special con¬ \nsideration and often afford a clew to the disorder. A brief re¬ \nview of the subject together with the citation in abstract of \ntypical cases will be found in my volume on “The Subconscious” \n(1906), especially Part Two, Chapter V. \nNote 16, page 334. The suggestion that hysterical natures \nare such as incompletely mature, proposes the pertinent query: \nWhat is implied in being psychologically adult*? It is not so sim¬ \nple a question as it appears.", "chunk_index": 1391, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1392", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "On the intellectual side it implies a \nripening of powers of insight and application, and a command \nof resources. One grows intellectually so long as his powers do \nnot begin to fail; the adult stage is launched when mature and \nconsistent purpose directs the enterprise. A writer may so out¬ \ngrow his earlier outlook (and he, or any of us, outgrows tastes \nand inclinations) as to look upon his youthful writings as alien \nto his present personality; yet they formed a stage in his develop¬ \nment. Experience promotes the ripening medium; desire and \npurpose support the mind's fruition. Fundamentally, to be \nadult is mainly an emotional matter, a balance and poise of the \nself-centering impulses. Allowances are made for childhood \nand, in different terms, for youth, before the onset of years of \ndiscretion. The undue persistence of the youthful fluctuations, \nthe belated coming to one's own, forms a significant factor in the \ngenetic life-history.", "chunk_index": 1392, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1393", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Varying widely in its normal expression \nthrough temperament, circumstance, opportunity, encouragement, \nit assumes characteristic deviations in its abnormal course. The \nhysterical temperament (though not it alone) is the persistently \nyouthful one, the dominantly adolescent character, the personality \nthat never grows up. Even the youthful appearance of the \nmore fortunately hysterical types impresses the observer; they do \nnot show their years. Such generalization is, however, hazard¬ \nous. There are fortunately normal ways of keeping young by \nretaining wide interests, by richly sustained energies, by living \n560 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \neagerly upon genuine sympathies; yet the gift is primarily a \ntemperamental asset and forms a compensation of the hysterical, \nor more generally, of the nervous type.", "chunk_index": 1393, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 818, "length_words": 114 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1394", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The view, accepted for \nits suggestive value, yields as a conception of psychological ma¬ \nturity, the attainment of that in which those hysterically handi¬ \ncapped conspicuously fail: the acquisition of a depersonalized \nattitude, the pursuit of objective interests in life. To be “grown \nup” means to achieve an adjusted poise of the self-centered emo¬ \ntional economy, to have an objective system of interests and \nactivities, a reflective and independent outlook upon the world, \na sane and sobered view of self: to see life steadily and to see \nit whole. Doubtless this is too exacting a criterion to be indis¬ \ncriminately applied; but with a charitable leniency in gauging its \nfulfillment, it may serve to indicate the true nature of the matur¬ \ning process in complex individuals. In such manner does the \nview of the abnormal reflect upon the understanding of the \nnormal mental life, and present the abnormal as a deviation from \nits standard course or issue. \nNote 17, page 335.", "chunk_index": 1394, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1395", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In accord with such a view of the hys¬ \nterical liability is the conclusion that a large number of “candi¬ \ndates” for its snares successfully avoid them. Brilliant examples \nof suppressed and controlled hysterical tendencies are available \nfor those who have the insight to discern them, or the necessary \nconfidence of their victims to entice the confession of the private \nbattle and the unrecorded victory. Possibly the most fortunate \nof such temperamental victims are those who occasionally yield \nto a rush of impulse, a passionate tantrum, a geyser-like out¬ \nburst of pent-up tension, an emotional “jag,” and then return \nto periods of composure. But by its very temperamental set¬ \nting hysteria, even in its mildest form, is not apt to be simple, \nnot barely violent, but subtle, disguised, circuitous, evasive, elab¬ \norate. In trend it is abnormal, though a commonplace tempta¬ \ntion.", "chunk_index": 1395, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1396", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the average nature, either because the emotional tide \ndoes not run as strongly, or because the controlling dams are \nbuilt more solidly, adjustment ensues even to difficult crises, \nthough at the cost of severe effort. Hysterical tendencies are \nas often overcome as expressed. Circumstance plays its part. \nVacancy of employment, the mischief that the devil of undisci¬ \nplined impulse finds for idle hands or neurotic minds to do, may \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 561 \ntempt a repressed emotionalism to wayward expression, where \nwholesome interests would drain the flow innocently. Undue \nstress may overthrow the natural defenses, which are strong \nenough to weather the ordinary storm. Overrestraint as well as \nindulgence may precipitate disaster. Morality and the varied \nchecks that social organization erects in the interests of sanity, \nhave to reckon with the hysterical temperament.", "chunk_index": 1396, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 890, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1397", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Character, the \nembodiment of personality, is an achievement; consistency is a \njewel, yet a jewel, though not flawless, possessed by most and \nunconcernedly worn. The hazard of hysteria is often present, \nbut successfully avoided. Many a personality owes its emergence \nto the overcoming of the hysteria that threatened its undoing. \nIt may then continue to profit by the assets of its endowment, \nand feel confident that the further career will be undisturbed by \nthe uncertainties of urgent impulse. Part of the compromise is \ndue to the waning of impulse consequent upon the settling \nprocess of years. \nNote 18, page 339. The argument and the evidence are in¬ \nvolved. The religions of lower culture abound in symbolic and \nceremonial expressions of the sex-relations from direct cult of \nthe passion to all manners of indirect usages reflecting its per¬ \nvasive influence.", "chunk_index": 1397, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1398", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "As religion develops the institutional means of \nexercising control over impulse, it becomes more refined and \nspiritualized, but even in its highest stages reveals the strength \nof the hold of the earlier ones. What is more significant to the \npresent argument is that a considerable portion of the expres¬ \nsions upon which hysteria builds may also come forward in \nreligious interests and their expression. The psychology of con¬ \nversion and extreme religious devotion has been interpreted in \nthis light. Revivals, camp-meeting phenomena, spiritualistic \nseances, the experiences of mystics, the selection of adolescent \nmaidens as oracles, certain aspects of the witchcraft delusion, \nthe growth of peculiar sects, the contagion of motor manifesta¬ \ntions in ecstatic rapture or religious absorption, as well as minor \ndevotions and “possessions” have been reviewed as partial, way¬ \nward or complex outlets of hysterical tendencies.", "chunk_index": 1398, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 939, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1399", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See Star- \nbuck: “The Psychology of Religion”; Hall: “Adolescence.” \nThough readily overstated, the thesis unmistakably includes a \nreal relation, which cannot be ignored in determining the nature, \n562 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nthe assets and liabilities, of the religious temperament and the \nreligious sentiment. The tendency to fanaticism and excess in \nconnection with so powerful and absorbing an emotional expe¬ \nrience as religious feeling is the natural liability. The entire \nseries of experiences thus referred to forms an important con¬ \ntribution to the data of abnormal psychology. \nNote 19, page 345. One of the most remarkable examples \nin recent times—remarkable because of its actual influence in \nshaping the beliefs of a large constituency—is the role of fear \nin the personal history of Mrs. Eddy and in Jthe doctrines of \nChristian Science, in which the “fear-thought” plays the part of \nbogey. Mrs.", "chunk_index": 1399, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 922, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1400", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Eddy’s delusions were focused upon “malicious \nanimal magnetism,” the product of her own abnormal brain. Of \nthis practice she accused others ; the precautions which she exer¬ \ncised to avoid its menace are typical of morbid fear, though her \nmental vagaries have a more specific and complex basis. See my \narticle in Hampton’s Magazine, 1911. \nNote 20, page 349. The pathological aspects of the “love” \npassion seem to come forward more characteristically in the ag¬ \ngressive “jealousy” complex than in the subdued setting of ten¬ \nderness and longing and devotion, though the latter also develops \na “complex” allied to the plaintive mood of sorrow and pity, \nyearning and affection. It is suggestive that the one group of \nemotions is congenial to the ancient setting of courtship as con¬ \nquest, while the other places it in the modern atmosphere of per¬ \nsuasion, romance, and appeal.", "chunk_index": 1400, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 890, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1401", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The challenge and the duel reflect \nthe hostility of anger; the rivalry motive appears in the saying \nthat all is fair in love and war. In the by-products that enter \ninto its abnormal expression, the two phases may merge or al¬ \nternate. Jealousy reflects the tender as well as the aggressive \nsource. Yet it seems to act more directly in feeding anger, and \nin arousing the attacking impulse to action. Jealousy goes out \nto the off ending rival and to every aspect of his offending pres¬ \nence. It turns to hatred; it affiliates with vindictiveness and \nrevenge. The added pang that one’s own loss should be another’s \ngain is the counterpart in the jealous setting of rivalry, of the \nadded zest of triumph that one’s own victory should debase the \nrival. Jealousy thus becomes a passion of violence and follows \nthe clew of anger. Merging with revenge, it feeds the fires of \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 563 \nfeuds through generations of Montagues and Capulets.", "chunk_index": 1401, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1402", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Even¬ \ntually it is lost in hatred and prejudice that crowd out all other \nconsiderations, and give rise to the emotional excesses of antag¬ \nonism and persecution. The point of interest is the common \ntendency of such passions to carry away the defenses of the \nmind and lapse back to primitive violence of expression. The \nresult may also be expressed by saying that the “love” complex \nand the “rivalry” complex, the “anger” complex and the “re¬ \nvenge and hatred” complex, have overlapping fields of applica¬ \ntion. The fact that such developments may spread to a group, \nand give rise to racial and social enmities gives them a momen¬ \ntous place in the history of man's emotionalism in its pathological \nphases. \nNote 21, page 355. To cite a single instance: A medical \nstudent experimenting with a dose of hashish was overcome by a \ncompelling sense of expansion of personal worth.", "chunk_index": 1402, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 888, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1403", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "His route \nhomeward from the scene of the experiment was by way of the \nstreet-car; he felt impelled to remark to the conductor upon the \nstrength and the beauty of his own person, and advised the of¬ \nficial to eject the other passengers as unworthy to ride with so \naugust a personage as himself. He was able to reach his home \nsafely; the portal of the modest dwelling seemed grand, the set¬ \nting palatial, his wife a great lady. Then followed a series of \ndelusions of distorted rather than of exalted value; for the drag, \nlike most such “psychic” poisons, releases now one and now \nanother of the constitutent “centers” that jointly regulate feeling \nand thought. Such abnormal liabilities are the issues of the se¬ \nlective stimulation of the brain-centers, as the drug plays upon \nthe stops of the mind.", "chunk_index": 1403, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 812, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1404", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The “psychic poison” weakens the checks \nwhich the control of experience has gradually established, and in \nso far leaves the higher centers, which are the custodians of \nsanity, at the mercy of the direct stimulation of the lower ones. \nIt allays the critical powers to see things as they are, to use \nmemory, judgment, knowledge, for the control of impulse and \nimagination. The loss of the muscular sense of effort and the \nfurther loss of mental impediment and of moral hesitation are \nallied, in that they represent different phases of control. In the \ntirelessness of pursuit effort vanishes; the controls of desire are \ndismissed, and the natural friction of fatigue is reduced. Mania \n564 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nimplies intensity of impulse, excitement, inconsiderate action or \nillusory, contemplative satisfactions; monomania emphasizes the \nnarrowness of the mental movement. The critical adjustment \nfades away.", "chunk_index": 1404, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1405", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The pretense and the delusional state attract atten¬ \ntion in the maniacal exaltation of insanity. The patient is to \nhimself a king, a man of might, controlling destinies, holding \ndominion over hordes; the owner of fabulous wealth, extrava¬ \ngant, indulgent, arrogant, honored, feared, splendid in mien and \nmanner; yet his surroundings are of the plainest, and he defers \nto an attendant. The “alcoholic” behavior presents similar incon¬ \ngruities in miniature. \nNote 22, page 358. The significant aspect of degeneracy \nof the atavistic trend biologically considered, is the strong asser¬ \ntion of traits characteristic of lower stages of development. \nThe bad heredity of a defective stock appears in the inability \nto meet the established standards of normality, in the succumb¬ \ning to primitive tendencies and unrestrained passion.", "chunk_index": 1405, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 838, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1406", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The un¬ \nremitting effort that is the price of social safety demands a cer¬ \ntain standard brain-development to balance and restrain the older \ntendencies of primitive man; the reassertion of these in primitive \nstrength, with an inability to use the established cultural ma¬ \nchinery for their adjustment to modern needs, constitutes the \ndefect. Insanity as well as criminality is conspicuous for the \ndegenerative trends which it exhibits; refinements disappear, sen¬ \nsibilities are lost; there is a marked dropping to a lower plane \nof existence. Degeneracy thus lays bare the underman, yet ex¬ \nposes the undeveloped psychic powers to the stresses and strains \nand temptations of a complex social system. It exposes the \nold vices to new sins. It plays a large part in social pathol¬ \nogy- \nNote 23, page 359. The pathological liabilities of the sex- \nimpulse in the warping of the mind are many-sided.", "chunk_index": 1406, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 908, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1407", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The sub¬ \njection to the love-passion engenders an emotional erethism favor¬ \nable to the abnormal. The imperiousness of its sway subordi¬ \nnates all interests, judgment, restraint; in that way lies madness \nas well as strength and inspiration. The relation to mental in¬ \nstability, from aggravation of chronic liabilities to outbreaks \nof pronounced insanity, sufficiently demonstrates the vital part \nof sex in psychic determination. When sex monopolizes thought \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VI 565 \nand motive, the victim of the monomania becomes the picture \nof the enslavement that makes insanity, the degradation of the \npsychic nature when reduced to one incessant round. The fur¬ \nther relations of sexual depravity and the morbid expressions of \nthe impulse to degenerative tendencies is likewise a notable factor \nin its psychopathology. See Havelock Ellis: “Studies in the Psy¬ \nchology of Sex.” \nNote 24, page 360.", "chunk_index": 1407, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 916, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1408", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is also characteristic that the ex¬ \npressions of abnormal emotionalism and of the sensibilities \nunderlying them may incorporate the acquired phases of the \nsensitive life. On the one hand the loss of sensibility and the \nlapse back to primitive, cruder, coarser tolerances and expres¬ \nsions appears in the abnormality of defect; and on the other \nhand the extremes of sensibilities and the harassing subjection \nto the finer maladjustments appear in the excesses of neurasthenia \nand hysteria. Of the acquired sensibilities, the attitude toward \npollution or taint, as the excess of the hygienic response, is char¬ \nacteristic. The transfer of disgust, and the refinements of its ex¬ \nercise in the avoidance of unpleasant, contacts, brings about a mor¬ \nbid reaction—a constant fear of contamination, an incessant \nwashing of the hands, a suspicion of pollution.", "chunk_index": 1408, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 869, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1409", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The sensory \nbasis combines with a sensitive emotional shrinking from the un¬ \npleasant: an hyperesthesia that resents even the contacts of ten¬ \nderness, and may also develop in an atmosphere of self-accusa¬ \ntion, or self-pity, and move toward the complex of a depressed \nmood or of religious exacting overconscientiousness and sense of \nunworthiness. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VII \nNote 1, page 369. Traits and their objects merge; if we \nsay that men are conceited and women vain, we may regard \nthe two as different expressions of the same trait—the desire for \nesteem, and the satisfaction in its evidence, being the common \nquality; or we may find it desirable to enumerate these traits as \ndistinct, because of the difference in expression. Traits must be \nconsidered primarily as to their source, secondarily in relation to \ntheir natural outlets in expression and the situations arousing \nthem.", "chunk_index": 1409, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 896, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1410", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "566 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nPrimitive stress emphasizes both the primarily human and pri¬ \nmarily “sex” traits, affording lesser play to the as yet feebly de¬ \nveloped, derivative traits. Civilization tends to reverse the per¬ \nspective by giving men and women larger ranges of (derivative) \nconduct within which to express their distinctive trends. Other¬ \nwise expressed, this means that primitive societies emphasize pri¬ \nmary traits and through these the contrast of men and women; \nbut primitive men and women are strongly alike in the expression \nof common primary traits. Civilized men and women are strongly \ncontrasted in the derivative fields. \nNote 2, page 375. Anthropologists are not agreed upon the \npositions of the patriarchal and the matriarchal dominance in the \nevolution of societies.", "chunk_index": 1410, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 808, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1411", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That such institutions, along with the \nmany other embodiments of social contrasts in the customs and \nobligations of sex, express the inherent issues of the psychology of \nmasculinity and femininity, remains the common conviction. The \nposition of Thomas in “Sex and Society,” is followed in the inter¬ \npretation here given. \nNote 3, page 378. From the economic to the literary dis¬ \ncussions of “woman’s sphere,” opinions vary widely; facts are \nchallenged by counterfacts, experiences and judgments favorable \nopposed by contrary ones. Similar emotional judgments abound \nin history and lead to adoration and idolatry of the feminine, and \nto suspicion and denunciation as well as renunciation, to gallantry \nand contempt, to prejudices crystallized in customs, that surround \nand bind the expression of femininity, and lead to varied efforts to \nsecure emancipation from the (largely masculine) views and \nstandards.", "chunk_index": 1411, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1412", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "For a more systematic survey, see Gross: “Crim¬ \ninal Psychology,” pages 300 to 364; Havelock Ellis: “Man and \nWoman.” \nNote 4, page 379. Two modern American contributions to \nreligious movements present the contrast conspicuously: those of \nMas. Eddy and of John Alexander Dowie. What is character¬ \nistic is the personal form of expression: the constant leaning of \nMrs. Eddy upon the support of men, the passive acceptance of \na “mother-worship,” the peculiar personal timidities, the absorp¬ \ntion in a mystical-emotional phrasing of doctrine and a “sex” com¬ \nplement of ritual; the bombastic vehemence of assertive denunci¬ \nation of Dowie, his bold ventures and large projects, his master- \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VII 567 \nful dominance of men, and insistence upon personal influence \nthrough threat, abuse, intimidation. \nNote 5, page 381.", "chunk_index": 1412, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 841, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1413", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The degree of confirmation of sex-differ¬ \nences to be expected of an experimental test among men and \nwomen of the ordinary range of sensory, intellectual, emotional, \nand volitional capacities may be said to be well met by the data \naccumulated. Miss Thompson presents comprehensive data in \n“The Mental Traits of Sex.” The marked superiority of men \nis in physical strength and the qualities of motor response as¬ \nsociated with a greater muscular development and control; \nwomen show a greater readiness in acquiring novel motor re¬ \nsponses. The marked mental superiority of women is in mem¬ \nory. Minor differences in other fields occur, but leave undeter¬ \nmined how far they result from the different educational tradi¬ \ntions and stresses of men and of women. It is entirely to be \nexpected that in tests of facilities largely derivative in status, \nthe two sexes should show comparable proficiency.", "chunk_index": 1413, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 908, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1414", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In a review \nof recent literature (Psychological Bulletin, October, 1914) the \nsame author (Mrs. Woolley) finds corroboration of the more sig¬ \nnificant differences in a fair proportion of the results. Sug¬ \ngested generalizations are that girls develop more rapidly than \nboys; that boys excel girls in rapidity of movements under fixed \nattention, with the reverse the case when the attention is shifting; \nthat tactile and color sensibility are better in women, pressure- \nsense (lifting) and sense of space-areas in men; that women \nexcel in rote memory, men are better in free associations, women \nbetter in practiced systems; men somewhat excel in tests of \njudgment and reasoning; in schools there are more accelerated \ngirls than boys, more retarded boys than girls; boys excel in per¬ \nspective drawing and girls in decorative drawing. In a large \nnumber of general and miscellaneous mental tests no significant \ndifferences appear. See Havelock Ellis: “Man and Woman” (re¬ \nvised edition).", "chunk_index": 1414, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1415", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Note 6, page 382. The greater variational tendency of man \nis a fact of the widest significance. Despite exceptions in de¬ \ntails, the fact grows in certainty and scope since Darwin indi¬ \ncated its import. The greater tendency to abnormality—of de¬ \nfect and excess alike—is a comprehensive expression of the qual¬ \nity. Its derivative consequences in the psychic nature are like- \n568 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nwise momentous; in this respect also exceptions will occur in re¬ \ngard to expressions of derivative status not closely connected \nwith primary significance. Psychologically the greater varia¬ \ntional tendency of men, as likewise the greater conservative tend¬ \nency of women, radiates to every distinctive aspect of their con¬ \ntrasted natures and expressions.", "chunk_index": 1415, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 775, "length_words": 117 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1416", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "“The center of gravity is \nlower in women and less easily disturbed.,, This is fundamen¬ \ntally a biological, not a sociological or more narrowly political \ndistinction; the transference of the conception from the one \nfield to the other is hazardous, yet not impertinent, since the \ndivergent tendency is a major clew to the psychology of mascu¬ \nlinity. See the chapter in Havelock Ellis’s “Man and Woman” \non “The Variational Tendency of Men.” \nNote 7, page 386. Any such characterization of feminine \npsychology is so obviously eclectic that its only purpose is to \ndirect attention to the salient and typical distinctions, and thus \nto suggest a correct perspective of interpretation. See Havelock \nEllis: “Man and Woman,” especially the chapter on “The Af¬ \nfectability of Woman.” \nNote 8, page 395. The origin of human races is bound up \nwith the origin of the human race in its divergence from a pre¬ \nhuman ancestry.", "chunk_index": 1416, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1417", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It has been suggested that along with the in¬ \ncrease in size of the simian ancestor and the tendency to descend \nfrom his arboreal habitat, came an increased adjustment to the \nvertical position; hence a larger skull and brain-mass could be \ncarried; the foot, losing its equal prehensibility with the hand, \ncould be shaped for adequate support, and the released hand \nfurther specialized. Thus was man started on the career of \nhomo sapiens. In this view the differentiation of races is a mat¬ \nter of subordinate magnitude. \nThe dominance of a psychic order of adjustment in the human \nkind appears saliently in contrast with that of the animal world. \nIf by some “sport” an individual of the intelligence of “Br’er \nRabbit” should really appear in a rabbit colony, he might profit \nindividually by his shrewdness, and extend his benefits slightly \nto the group. The next generation of rabbits would be unaf¬ \nfected by his exploits.", "chunk_index": 1417, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 937, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1418", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Animals live more strongly upon their \ngroup-qualities; their individualized expression remains merely \na fact of variation. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VII 569 \nNote 9, page 400. Civilization, ancient or modern, is not \nthe product of the genius of a single people. The historical \nstages show the widest borrowing and mutual influence of cul¬ \ntural products. The talent for rapid assimilation seems in this \nview the determining trait, and in such adaptability may lie \na true source of racial emergence. The modem experience of a \nhighly evolved race meeting and dispossessing a primitive one \nclearly presents a superlative contrast, whereas in primitive times \nthe degrees of superiority were decidedly more moderate, and \nassimilation of the less developed race a far more likely issue \nthan extermination.", "chunk_index": 1418, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 803, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1419", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "If the negro stocks, which the North Amer¬ \nican and the South American nations have attempted to assim¬ \nilate by such divergent methods, and those which the white Mo¬ \nhammedans of North Africa have incorporated, are comparable, \nthe vast importance of mode of treatment, of esteem or prejudice, \nof intermarriage or exclusion from equality of opportunity, is \ndemonstrated. However strongly by personal inclination the \nprepotency of the racial endowment—the elan vital of race— \nis favored, the difficulties which that view encounters must be \nfaced. If it be argued that the half-century career of the en¬ \nfranchised negro in the United States could be no other than \nit is by reason of his racial quality, other experiences must be \nconsidered to offset this verdict. There are no direct means of \nconverting this contrast, however inevitable it may be, into terms \nof differences of inherent racial ability. Galton is inclined to \njudge races by their ability to produce great men.", "chunk_index": 1419, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1420", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In this view \nhe places the Greeks of the fifth century before Christ as much \nabove the dominant races of to-day as the latter rank above the \nNegro. The validity of the criterion is disputable. \nNote 10, page 402.", "chunk_index": 1420, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 215, "length_words": 39 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1421", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Thomas says: “It is probable that \nbrain efficiency [speaking from the biological standpoint] has \nbeen, on the average, approximately the same in all races and in \nboth sexes since nature first made up a good working model, and \nthat differences in intellectual expression are mainly social rather \nthan biological, dependent upon the fact that different stages of \nculture present different experiences to the mind, and adventi¬ \ntious circumstances direct the attention to different fields of in¬ \nterest.” We shall thus be led to “reduce very much our usual \nestimate of the difference in mental capacity between ourselves \n570 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nand the lower races, if we do not eliminate it altogether; and we \nshall perhaps have to abandon altogether the view that there has \nbeen an increase in the mental capacity of the white race since \nprehistoric times.” \nNote 11, page 403.", "chunk_index": 1421, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 896, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1422", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "“The European and Mongol have the \nlargest brains; the European has a small face and a high nose— \nall features farther removed from the probable animal ancestor \nof man than the corresponding features of other races. On the \nother hand the European shares lower characteristics with the \nAustralian, both retaining in the strongest degree the hairiness \nof the animal ancestor, while the specifically human development \nof the red lip is developed most markedly in the negro. The \nproportions of the limbs of the negro are also more markedly dis¬ \ntinct from the corresponding proportions in the higher apes than \nthose of Europeans.” (This citation, as well as the others in the \ntext, is from Boas: “The Mind of Primitive Man.”) While other \nwriters make out a stronger case for the correlation of cultural \nachievements with structural development, the case remains un¬ \ncertain at best.", "chunk_index": 1422, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 891, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1423", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In such a view all traits are not of equal value; \nthe argument follows the more significant traits, but finds diffi¬ \nculty in determining significance. The consideration of the order \nof descent from the presumptive animal ancestor, might yield a \nclew in the most generalized, least specialized human type; this \nmay be the less markedly colored (Mongolian) type, from which \nthe darker races (Negro) on the one hand, and the lighter races \n(White) on the other, may have been differentiated in adapta¬ \ntion to environment. \nNote 12, page 404. Professor Boas presents a considerable \nrange of evidence for changes in bodily form of European-born \nand American-born emigrants of like racial affiliation—and that \nfor such different races as those of Southern Italy and the Jews \nof Russia. The change suggests an approach to the American \ntype. In brief, the circumstances that affect variations also af¬ \nfect variability, so that the fixity of structure loses much of its \nunequivocal prestige.", "chunk_index": 1423, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1424", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Mixture of races complicates the issue. \nPure races of whatever grade of capacity or culture may be more \nuniform than mixed ones; we cannot observe like races under \nradically different conditions, or unlike races under comparable \nones, nor in so doing correlate the contrast more with the factor \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VII 571 \nof race or more with that of condition. We must also remember \nthat physical qualities, no less than mental ones, require the \ndifferentiation between factors determined primarily by inheri¬ \ntance, and factors largely amenable to environmental stress. \nEven so apparently structural a character as height, or propor¬ \ntion of skull, may receive its more definite impress (which deli¬ \ncate measurements reveal) at a relatively late stage of develop¬ \nment. This would mean that the heredity brings the structure \nin a more or less plastic determination to the stage at which it \nis subject to the play of condition.", "chunk_index": 1424, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1425", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The laws of physical \nheredity and the variations due to them serve as suggestive clews \nfor the interpretation of the parallel relations in the mental \nworld; but the special conditions affecting the latter alone re¬ \nmain decisive in the argument here followed. \nNote 13, page 405. This is one of the cases in which we \ncan, in a measure, offset the argument of race by that of en¬ \nvironment as represented by climate. There is a fair range of \nevidence that the inhabitants of tropical and semi-tropical climates \nmature earlier than those of temperate and frigid ones. But \nrace seems to outweigh climate; for the primitive inhabitants of \nthe arctic regions show a comparable precocity of function with \nthose of the South and a contrast with the cultured peoples of \nthe North. The fact seems to throw the decisive influence back \nupon the stress of the habit of life.", "chunk_index": 1425, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 875, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1426", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Furthermore, the data for \ngauging precocity vary considerably in their availability and may \nhave a variable significance; those most commonly employed are \nthe appearance of sex maturity in girls, the age of walking in \nchildren, the onset of the infirmities of years. \nNote 14, page 406. The one type is furnished, as nearly as \nconditions approximate, by the Chinese. With a high racial \nunity and a distinctive cultural expression, the Chinese for many \ngenerations developed an independent national life. In that \nconsummation the great masses of the people appear to show a \nfairly stagnant, limited, mediocre endowment. That much of \nthis expression was due to an imposed conservative system can¬ \nnot be doubted; that the race was able to produce leaders who \ncould maintain the system and organize it as well as direct the \nlarge intellectual and technical progress under it, is also estab¬ \nlished.", "chunk_index": 1426, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1427", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Yet in recent years the evidence that the Chinese mind \n572 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ncould adopt a western point of view and go forward rapidly in its \napplication, came with a sense of surprise. The ready conclusion \nthat the Chinese were an inferior race had to be revised. Ac¬ \ncustomed to our own standards of expression, we appreciate the \nmental endowments of other peoples only when they turn to \nsimilar ends by similar means. Professor Thomas’s statement \nmay be added in corroboration. \n“The Chinese afford a fine example of a people of great nat¬ \nural ability letting their intelligence run to waste from lack of \na scientific standpoint.", "chunk_index": 1427, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 652, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1428", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "As indicated above, they are not defec¬ \ntive in brain weight, and their application to study is long con¬ \ntinued and very severe; but their attention is directed to matters \nwhich cannot possibly make them wfise from the occidental stand¬ \npoint.” He adds prophetically: “But when this people is in \npossession of the technique of the western world—a logic, general \nideas and experimentation—we cannot reasonably doubt that \nthey will be able to work the western system as their cousins, \nthe Japanese, are doing, and perhaps they, too, may better the \ninstruction.” \nThe opposite type of instance is furnished by the Jews. An \nunorganized, scattered people, living among scores of different \nnations under wholly different institutional conditions, yet main¬ \ntaining a high degree of racial purity through restrictive mar¬ \nriage traditions, they present a rare approximation to the scien¬ \ntifically desired status. What distinctive qualities they have \nmust be largely racial.", "chunk_index": 1428, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1429", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Individually and in groups, the expres¬ \nsion of such racial traits comes under the influence of the several \nenvironmental conditions and ideals, to which, however, they \nbring the superimposed capacities and distinctive ideals, which \nthey have maintained in a spiritual medium of culture with¬ \nout outward embodiment. There can be no doubt that the racial \ncapacity of the modern Jew is of a high order—in the broad \nterms of the present comparison, of an unmistakably higher or¬ \nder than obtains among most, if not all, of the peoples among \nwhich this race has found a dwelling place. Their history is \nlong; their conditions have, with few exceptions, been unfavor¬ \nable, frequently overwhelmingly so. To have maintained them¬ \nselves against such severe hostility, such heavy cultural odds, is \nitself an evidence of superiority.", "chunk_index": 1429, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 839, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1430", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Taken in its ensemble the his- \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VII 5 73 \ntory of the Jew forms the most convincing evidence of the po¬ \ntency of race—an evidence the more convincing by reason of the \nvaried types of excellence which the members of this race have \ndisplayed when opportunities were favorable. \nNote 15, page 407. In his study of noteworthy fam¬ \nilies derived from about four hundred members of the Royal So¬ \nciety, Galton finds that to have a father thus distinguished makes \none’s own chance of being “noteworthy” 24 times as great as \nthat of the average individual without such notable kin; with a \n, brother thus noteworthy, the chances rise to 31 times as great \nas those of the undistinguished average; for a grandfather they \nfall to 12, for an uncle to 14, for a male cousin to 7. Ob¬ \nviously no special significance attaches to these precise numbers; \nthey express approximately a relation of hereditary intimacy.", "chunk_index": 1430, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1431", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The degree of noteworthiness of this group, though not extra¬ \nordinarily high, is high enough to be recognizable; it carries an \neven great directness of application because the qualities con¬ \ncerned are so closely related to the common bases of the group- \ntraits of men. \nThe intimate as well as the specialized nature of the heredi¬ \ntary factor appears in the comprehensive resemblances of those \nmost closely sharing a common inheritance—brothers, sisters, \nand most of all, twins—and the dominance of a common trend in \nthe family heredity, however variable the traits of the individual \nmembers in other respects. \nNote 16, page 410. The psychology of the “genius” group \nhas developed a notable literature. Facts are accessible in re¬ \ngard to illustrious and eminent men which are not ordinarily \navailable for average persons, unless specifically collected for \ncomparative study.", "chunk_index": 1431, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1432", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The view that the man of genius is an “ab¬ \nnormal” variation does not indorse the notion that “genius” is a \ndisease, nor does it regard insanity as the mental condition which \nholds the clew to its comprehension. Insanity is significant as \nthe risk that is run; it is the “Nemesis” of genius, but nothing \nmore. Feeble-mindedness and genius, statistically considered, \npresent common traits, the clew to which is again in essence that \nthey represent abnormal variations. Both are more common in \nthe male; both are more common in the eldest and in the youngest \nchild (son) ; both are more common in children born to parents \n574 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nwith considerable discrepancy of age; both show an uncommon \npercentage of weakly infancy; both show a difficulty in achieving \nordinary adjustment to the average situation. Like every tem¬ \nperament, its fortes must be paid for in risks and defects. The \ngeneral position of Mr.", "chunk_index": 1432, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 940, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1433", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Havelock Ellis (“A Study of British \nGenius”), from whose work are cited several of the above con¬ \nclusions, is particularly to be commended. \nNote 17, page 411. In regard to the hereditary factor in \nthe genesis of crime, Lombroso is so convinced of the abnormality \nof the criminal class as to regard every physical variation which \nthe class presents as a sign of degeneracy; he forgets how common % \nare the same types of stigma and variations in the normal, or at \nleast, the non-criminal classes. The truer view places in the first \norder of consequence the fact of defect—which is unmistakably \nhereditary—and looks upon the crime as a significant incident in \nthe ensemble, a direct issue of the defective character. The hered¬ \nitary affiliations of such defect are particularly well established.", "chunk_index": 1433, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 806, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1434", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The experiment of contrast is shown in the case of the “Kallikak” \nfamily; for the progenitor of this stock presenting such a heavy \ncriminal and defective record, has also a legitimate posterity, which \nis normal and includes many examples of creditable achievement. \nStatistically expressed, in the illegitimate line of descent there \nwere 143 of 480 persons known to be feeble-minded, and only 46 \nknown to be normal (the rest unknown); in the legitimate line, \nof 490 persons all were normal so far as records are available. \nOf 41 matings in which both parents were feeble-minded, there \nwere 222 feeble-minded children and only two ranked as normal. \nRecent investigations indicate that under favorable circum¬ \nstances it is possible to obtain a statistical demonstration of the \nhereditary character of such a quality as a “bad temper.” It \ncomes forward in the mass of contributory factors to social way¬ \nwardness and irregularity of conduct.", "chunk_index": 1434, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1435", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Similarly, good and bad \nqualities alike show the strong tendency to “run” in families when \nadequate data are available. Sir Francis Galton showed the \n“run” of like qualities in prominent English families. Mr. \nWoods has carefully shown the parallel conclusion among royal \nfamilies, indicating further the correlation of mental and moral \nqualities of good and bad type. Sommers has traced through \nseveral generations the reappearance of special strains of ability. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VII 575 \nSuch conclusions suggest how very different would be the natural \nhistory of “John Smith,” if he had happened to be a Hapsburg \nor a Bach, a Soldan or an Edwards. The family strain, in its \ndetermination of the dominance of qualities, determines the group \nto which the individual belongs by virtue of similar traits, \nwhether of bad temper or criminality, of musical ability or men¬ \ntal or moral superiority. See F. A.", "chunk_index": 1435, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 917, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1436", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Woods: “Mental and Moral \nHeredity in Royalty” (1906); Robert Sommers: “Familien- \nforschung und Vererbungslehre” (1907). \nNote 18, page 412. Within the field in which native trends \nand applied proficiencies combine, group-traits of any desired \ndegree of refinement may be distinguished.", "chunk_index": 1436, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 289, "length_words": 40 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1437", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It would be possible \nto develop a “group-psychology” of any of the professional or \nindustrial classes: of doctors or lawyers, of professors or minis¬ \nters, of bankers and officials, of artisans and craftsmen, of clerks \nand subordinates, of day-laborers and odd-job men; or, adding \nthe environmental conditions, of farmers and villagers, of cosmo¬ \npolitan and provincial, of seamen and landsmen, of mountain folk \nand dwellers on plain or seaside, of North and South, of equable \nand changeable climates, in deserts or in fertile lands, of woods¬ \nmen and ranchmen, of the frontier and the old-settled regions; or \nconsidering the further complications of the intellectual heritage, \nof aristocracy and bourgeoisie, of extreme conservative economic \nregulation and the free opportunity of newer democracy or colo¬ \nnial development, of pious orthodoxy or liberal tolerance of belief, \nof the educated and the uneducated, of the poor and the rich or the \nfavored middle classes, of the ambitious struggling climbers and \nthe arrived settled possessors of station.", "chunk_index": 1437, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 1067, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1438", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "All these groups have \namong themselves something in common; and although the classi¬ \nfications cross one another’s tracks and yield varied composites \nof allegiance, they are subject to a moderately definite delineation. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VIII \nNote 1, page 417. Statements so summary are inevitably \npartial. Selection is exercised by the environment, by sex, by \nsocial forces. Survival stands closer to sex-selection. The fact \nthat this is not freely exercised but itself comes under the sway \nof custom and tenet and the stratification of society, gives its \noperation an uncertain trend. In the extreme case—as amongst \n576 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nseals—the males are gradually eliminated by successive combats, \nand the pugnacious victor becomes the progenitor of the rookery. \nValor is thus given a supreme reproductive advantage.", "chunk_index": 1438, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 843, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1439", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "As an \nopposite extreme amongst human kind, there may arise an order \nof voluntary celibacy which would leave the future to those un¬ \naffected by its appeal. In high-grade communities in which in¬ \ndividual worth has a larger value for the social status, quality \ncomes to its own; small families of high quality may offset re¬ \nproductive vigor. The argument of the birth-rate is always final, \nand the question of what persons are to be born no less so; but \nin the actual complexities of modern life the play of these bio¬ \nlogical forces is so largely redirected by sociological ones, that the \nbearing of the argument is altered as well as complicated. Eu¬ \ngenics sets an explicit ideal to the goal of selection. \nNote 2, page 420. “Let us remember that practically noth¬ \ning of invention, art, literature, science or constructive leadership \nhas come from the untold millions of our own race who have been \nborn and bred and spent their languid lives within the torrid heat. \n. . .", "chunk_index": 1439, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1440", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "This uncounted toll of the dull, monotonous never-ending \nheat—how different would history have been had our race been \nborn to withstand its merciless suppression.” (A. G. Mayer: “A \nHistory of Tahiti,” in Popular Science Monthly, Feb., 1915.) \nFor a presentation of the data indicating the statistical fluctu¬ \nations of mental processes under meteorological changes, see Dex¬ \nter: “Weather Influences: An Empirical Study of the Mental and \nPhysiological Effects of Definite Meteorological Conditions.” \nNote 3, page 426. In the plant world the analogy of proc¬ \ness diminishes; the more radical measure of selective control \nemphasizes a common factor in the transformation of qualities. \nAs man finds the seeds in the “natural” orange inconvenient, he \nalters their arrangement and grows a navel orange. In the cac¬ \ntus the spininess is in the order of nature a plant virtue; for \nhuman edible use it is a nuisance (which Mr.", "chunk_index": 1440, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 931, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1441", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Burbank accordingly \neliminates) and is such because the plant’s mode of protection ap¬ \nplies against man as well. Similarly, hardy varieties, late and \nearly blooming varieties, may be developed in adaptation to cli¬ \nmates. To breed a “shyless” horse offers a more complex prob¬ \nlem; nature might accomplish it with or without human aid. \nFearlessness and hardiness in human kind are similarly qualities \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VIII 577 \nthat may be selected and encouraged; but they at once encounter \na far more complex range of qualities with which they must con¬ \ntend. The medium of enforcement and encouragement becomes \npredominantly psychological, the similarly efficient agency being \nof human origin. Men cannot be changed so quickly nor so \nradically as plants, not alone because removed from the possi¬ \nbility of experimental breeding, but because of the vast compli¬ \ncation of human qualities and of the varied play in the mainte¬ \nnance of normal adjustment.", "chunk_index": 1441, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 972, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1442", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "“In the same way the exigencies of natural selection and of hu¬ \nman need have divided the qualities inherent in the equine race \nbetween the hardihood of the Shetland pony, the strength of the \nClydesdale or Shire horse, and the speed and mettle of the thor¬ \noughbred racer. No one animal could possess the qualities of \nall three.”—Whetham. \nNote 4, page 430. Human nature in its general outlines re¬ \nceived its set at an early period; the brain as its instrument was \nevolved slowly, but in all essentials reached a stage comparable \nto its present endowment, when the prehistoric ancestor acquired \nhuman traits.", "chunk_index": 1442, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 618, "length_words": 103 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1443", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "“It is probable that brain efficiency (observed \nfrom the biological standpoint) has been, on the average, ap¬ \nproximately the same in all races and in both sexes, since nature \nfirst made up a good working model; and that differences in intel¬ \nlectual expression are mainly social rather than biological, de¬ \npendent upon the fact that differentiations of culture present dif¬ \nferent experiences to the mind, and adventitious circumstances \ndirect the attention to different fields of interest.”—Thomas. \nFrom the environmental aspect the varied cultural products \nemphasize the divergences of race, while yet the fixity of culture \nstamps the acquisitions with the security of tradition and by that \nvery process lowers the capacity to respond to other invitations.", "chunk_index": 1443, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 771, "length_words": 116 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1444", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It thus makes a great difference in the final contrast of races \nwhether the intellectual capacities actually present were exercised \nin a favorable direction, or were wasted in false leads and in sat¬ \nisfying the requirements, even the restrictions and oppressions of \ntradition. Such considerations project the individual quality as \na mastery over the environment, a refusal to yield to circum¬ \nstance whether in the form of fortune or convention. The as¬ \nsertive dominance of primitive regulation made such emergence \n578 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \ndifficult; the single fact of tribal allegiance determined the entire \nlife, regulated its every significant act and issue. \nNote 5, page 431. This is clearly not the whole of the story. \nThe persistence of “undesirable” traits in the human kind—- \npartly also in the higher animals—results from the uncertain re¬ \nlease of impulse in complex situations, and the resultant conflict \namong the contending impulses for the mastery.", "chunk_index": 1444, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1445", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "If it be urged \nthat the one set of impulses represents tendencies more closely \nrelated to primitive condition, and the other tendencies artificially \nnurtured by education, the argument returns to the influence of \nenvironment in retiring or reenforcing traits. \nNote 6, page 434. The classic example in the field of ora¬ \ntory is the address of Marc Antony: at first allaying distrust, \nthen covertly inviting sympathy, later appealing for support, and \nat the last arousing to rebellion. Political shrewdness has been de¬ \nveloped largely upon a practical mastery of crowd-psychology, \nfavored by mass meetings and the collective method of conduct¬ \ning a campaign. The catering to the prepossessions of the people \nis the generally acknowledged instrument of persuasion, whether \nin seeking political favor, in selling goods, in enlisting interest, \nin overcoming opposition of any type.", "chunk_index": 1445, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1446", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is as much at the serv¬ \nice of the promoter and the “confidence man” as of the reformer \nand worthy advocate. Yet the psychology of persuasion like the \npsychology of advertising (which is one of its aspects) develops \nspecialized techniques according to the type of response aimed at, \nand yet more distinctively according to the phases of response \nrepresented by the particular character—which comes to mean the \nreaction to the social environment—of those to whom the appeal \nis addressed. \nNote 7, page 439.", "chunk_index": 1446, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 516, "length_words": 84 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1447", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "“It is because persons belonging to the \nsame race have certain definite characters in common that the}’' \nare capable of thriving in the same conditions of climate, in the \nsame mental and moral atmosphere, of undertaking the same \nclass of labor, of resisting the same diseases.” (Whetham: \n“Heredity and Society.”) The application of the argument, as \nof the fact which it expresses, is twofold: it indicates the basis \nupon which the differentiation of class has proceeded, each doing \nbest that which it is called upon to do in the increasing differen¬ \ntiation of social needs; and it indicates that the environmental \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VIII 579 \ncollective forces are also responsible for the specific expression of \nthe needs, the mental and moral atmosphere, even the orders of \nlabor which win distinction and reward.", "chunk_index": 1447, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 826, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1448", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That the responsibility \nis referable to such influences rather than to the adjustment to \nclimate and resistance to disease, is obvious, and further empha¬ \nsizes the distinctive relations of cause and effect that apply to the \npsychological environment. \nNote 8, page 440. The individual response sets a condition \nto the action of the psychic environment. Primary in develop¬ \nment is the direct gregarious susceptibility, the tendency to take \non sympathetically the mood of others; cumulatively there arises \nthe emotional contagion that is characteristic of children and so \nreadily takes hold of a crowd to its enthusiastic uplift or its \ntemporary undoing. A popular charitable subscription or a pub¬ \nlic indignation meeting, even a mob on lynching bent, in so far as \nfeeling runs high, proceeds upon a common psychological nature. \nSuch social responsiveness is as primary for the collective mind \nas for the individual component.", "chunk_index": 1448, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 941, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1449", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Upon a like basis there ap¬ \npears the imitativeness which is the expression of the like trend \nin the intellectual field. In mature and calm situations a truer \nand more conscious sympathy arises which is more in the way \nof an acquisition and is fostered by precept and influenced by \nexample. It combines with suggestibility, docility, educability, \nall of which are thus the instruments of adaptation, yet by no \nmeans to the extinction of desire, rather as a guide to its ex¬ \npression, and a medium for its application. \nThe individual is sensitized to the psychic environment by his \nsensitiveness to the esteem and good opinion of others. This \npersonal reaction directs the spirit of conformity, yet does so \nwith the cumulative force of other allied motives and tendencies \nwhich are equally an integral part of the (social) human nature.", "chunk_index": 1449, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 848, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1450", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The transfer of traits is involved, the earlier helplessness, com¬ \nplacency, suggestibility are carried over to more mature and so¬ \ncial situations; similarly the esteem nurtured in the sex-relation \nis carried over to relations in general, and gives the feminine ex¬ \npressions of conformity to the collective sanction a peculiar \nflavor. The environment supplies the unfolding impulses with \nappropriate objects, substituting the fear of infringement for \nthe fear of pain, the satisfaction of approbation and compliment \n580 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nfor the satisfaction of direct sensory pleasure. The environment \ndetermines what it is that one is proud of, though ever along the \nline of the natural incentives of pride. The sense of conformity \nmay thus be presented as very complex development of the social \nconsciousness of the individual, reflecting each and all of its \nvaried stages.", "chunk_index": 1450, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1451", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The individual is not a savage and society is not \na mob, largely because society can surround the individual with a \ntraditional system of restraints and guidance. \nNote 9, page 444. The expression of ideals and sentiment \nthrough dress is interesting. The garb of religious orders is \ncharacteristic; in the garb of monk or nun it becomes a sign of a \nlife of renunciation. It may be refined to the cut or the black¬ \nness of the cloth, or find its last vestige in the whiteness of a \nnecktie. It may express a protest against the vanity of dress in \nthe gray garb of the Society of Friends (Quakers). The use \nof dress for class distinctions as well as an evidence of official po¬ \nsition is still current, and in a democratic society open to pro¬ \ntest as well as approbation. The same conventional evening- \ndress is worn by the guests and by the waiters; the dress is a \nlivery or a symbol of social adequacy, according to the manners \nof the wearer.", "chunk_index": 1451, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 956, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1452", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In many parts of the United States housemaids \nrefuse to wear a cap, while trained nurses accept it as an hon¬ \norable badge. Policemen, conductors, and other officials must \ncarry the sign of their authority conspicuously when on duty; at \nother times they may prefer to retire to a civilian obscurity. In¬ \nteresting is the reenforcement of custom by intentional differen¬ \ntiation, making boy and girl and man and woman as unlike as \npossible. Every slight detail of costume acquires a feminine or a \nmasculine touch. Even so purely conventional a matter as but¬ \ntoning a left button-hole over a right button, which is the way of \nmale attire, is reversed for women’s garments. Obviously a series \nof customs so elaborately considered and so conspicuously exposed \nto the social influences, are certain to assume complicated conven¬ \ntional forms; which means that they respond to a variety of psy¬ \nchological motives.", "chunk_index": 1452, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 923, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1453", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "But through the network of motives, esthetic, \neconomical, hygienic, distinctive, runs the thread of conformity; \nthe simpler complacency that accepts the feeling of satisfaction in \nthe “stylishness,” the consolation of “correct” adjustment that di¬ \nrects behavior. To express social value through dress, individual- \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VIII 581 \nity amidst conformity, a general conformity to style along with \nthe particular conformity to the fashion of one s own class, \nmakes the art of dressing a tine art indeed. Yet the more philo¬ \nsophic eonformer cares only to avoid conspicuousness either by \nmarked neglect or by extreme pursuit of the latest departure. \nNote 10, page 449. The Biblical record of a people living \nunder a system of established tribal rule offers the most familiar \nexample. The rite of circumcision became the act of covenant of \na chosen people with their God. To the dietary laws was \nattached the solemnity of a religious prescription and proscrip¬ \ntion.", "chunk_index": 1453, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1454", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The cleanliness thus inculcated was as much spiritual as \nhygienic. To a believer the partaking of forbidden food aroused \nthe emotional sense of guilt or sin, which remains the standard \nmedium of enforcement of moral regulations. The ceremonialism \nof Oriental life develops an elaboration of ritual in and out of \nthe religious domain. It presents also the tendency to extreme \nenforcement and literal application. It develops a symbolism of \ncustom and representation, itself satisfying the sense of literal \nconformity. The prohibition presents the most definite and the \nmost intense appeal, acquiring the sanctity of a taboo, while its \nviolation became a desecration. The verbal taboo appears in the \nprohibition of the utterance of the sacred name of Jehovah. In \nthe Biblical code, agricultural, hygienic, economic, social, and re¬ \nligious regulations were consolidated in a communal system, \nfusing the sanction of law, usage, morality, and religion.", "chunk_index": 1454, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1455", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "To \nminute conformity to the rich ritualistic, symbolic tradition was \nattached the unitary tribal approval, and to transgression a like \ndisapproval, converting the sense of violation to one of personal \nguilt. The individual conscience, even in the more elastic social \nsystems of the present day, takes its direction almost entirely \nfrom the reflex of the social system of obligation. \nNote 11, page 449. The variable play of the social en¬ \nvironment in shaping conventions appears in the use of gestuie. \nThe Italian, and the Latin races of Europe generally, use it \nfreely; the Anglo-Saxon uses it sparingly and is offended by any \nintrusion of it, even to the useful habit of pointing to insure at¬ \ntention. Yet all this is a natural issue of the ideal underlying \nthe proscription.", "chunk_index": 1455, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 791, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1456", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Restraint, repression, even to the extinction of \nany emotional play that intrudes upon another’s attention, follows \n582 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nfrom the idea of consideration to others; it counsels a low voice \nand a modest address, and makes any assumption a rudeness \nWhether and when it goes too far is not for the moment relevant \nIhe Anglo-Saxon ideal is consistent with a desire for privacy and \na regulation of social contacts, just as obvious in the manners of \nthe street or the arrangements of house and garden, in the develop¬ \nment of a public cafe-life in one country and its total uncon- \ngeniality to the ideals of another.", "chunk_index": 1456, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 643, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1457", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "If one considers such customs \nas the giving of fees, the prominence of the dowry and the ar¬ \nrangement of marriages by parents, the respect for old age and \nthe attitude of young to old, the dread amongst women of becom¬ \ning old maids, the (American) habit of “treating,” one has ample \nopportunity to note the varieties and the vagaries of fashion, yet \never with a consistent reference to a system of appreciations es¬ \ntablished or highly regarded in the one milieu and less so or differ¬ \nently m another. Inconsistencies are not absent: it seems strange \nto the American, sharing so many ideals with the Englishman, that \nthe latter should permit and even expect his guests to pay his \nprivate servants. That economic conditions are responsible for \noome of the differences in attitude and observance just cited is \nobvious; that they move with as well as reflect the spirit of the \ncommunity in which they are observed, is equally so.", "chunk_index": 1457, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1458", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "No more \nsuggestive index to such standards and the principles underlying \nt lem is available than in the minor infringements of propriety \nThe freedom of speech permits the German to say, “Ach Gott!’> \nor the Frenchman, “Mon Dieu” to express mild consternation. A \nsimilar appeal in English would be warranted only by tragic \ndespair. \nNote 12, page 450. The utility of convention will readily be \nunderstood. Mere uniformity is useful, as in determining the \nfule. of tile road> or the adjustment of the fittings of the table \nto right-handed usage. It dispenses with the need of initiative \nand settles once for all in modern society how a man may dress \nlor formal appearance. So usage determines good form in \nspeech and manners. The tendency for such obvious utility-in \nsuch instances perfectly consistent with a dictatorial finality—to \nencroach upon weightier and more disputable matters is one of \nthe serious dangers of convention.", "chunk_index": 1458, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1459", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "When thus extended, far \nrom being a utility, convention may become a millstone and \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VIII 583 \ndrag the victim through a weary round of ceremonial etiquette \nwith little profit and much trial. The elasticity of social forms \nin thus providing for freedom and initiative is a rather signifi¬ \ncant mark of the measure to which the spirit of conformity is \nunderstood, and the letter assigned to its proper and subordinate \nplace. Not unrelated to the same appreciation or lack of it is \nthe vulgarian notion that etiquette consists in such routine ob¬ \nservance—as it does in small part—and may be adequately \nlearned out of a book. The very fact that manners depend upon \nappreciation gives them a value in the social regulation. It is al¬ \nways a mixed product, partly of tradition, partly of an under¬ \nlying consideration defensible in its bearing as an expression of \na valued quality.", "chunk_index": 1459, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 906, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1460", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Manners are no more arbitrary than speech, \nthough both contain an arbitrary factor; they involve an appreci¬ \nation of the genius of the people that set the standaids, and \ntheir inculcation must ever remain an important part of a liberal \neducation. The differentiation of social classes is certain to pro¬ \nceed upon the manners, speech and considerations to be expected \nor tolerated or excused because of lack of opportunity and social \nconnections. Thus conformity comes to express the response of \nthe individual to the selective pressure of the environment; it \nexpresses his conformity along with his individuality; for he \nselects the specific type and order of manners of his own class. \nNote 13, page 452. The attitudes and observances expected \nof women reveal the cultural tone unmistakably. Supporting such \ncustom is the idea of modesty and retirement.", "chunk_index": 1460, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1461", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It may proceed to \nthe Oriental extreme of the inviolate harem, to the ultimate sac¬ \nrifice of the suttee, the absolute dictation of marriage, the disgrace \nof even the slightest exposure of the person. Outwardly the veil \ncomes to be its symbol, a concealment of the face. It survives in \nthe use of the bridal veil and again in the ceremonies of the \nchurch, in “taking the veil” as a renunciation of the worldly life, \nas also in the veil of widowhood. That like a fan or a lattice it \nmay become both a screen and a shelter, and direct attention in \nesthetic mood to the facial charm, shows how divergently custom \nmay reflect principles. Quite the same is true of the conventional \nacts of devotion. The contact of the lips is the act of love, and \nis introduced in the administration of the oath in kissing the \nBible, or in the sign of devotion or subjection or veneration to a \n584 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nsuperior power, spiritual or political.", "chunk_index": 1461, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1462", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The lover beseeches upon \nbended knee, which is also the attitude of the devout in church. \nlticss and manner as the outward index of attitude carry \na special significance. Modesty, vulgarity, station, age are all \nindicated by dress, but ever under the shifting ideals of one view \nof life or another. Jewelry and ornamentation are as carefully \nscrutinized in expression of individual quality as speech or \naction, cosmetics and the aids to beauty carry a like implication \nfrom a mere conventional habit to the motives of “the painted \nlady.” The index of coveted leisure and station may be as obvi¬ \nous in the manicured hand as in the inch-long finger nails of \nSiamese ladies or in the tortured foot of Chinese ladies. The \nage of powdered wigs and lace for men inevitably expressed a \ndifferent perspective of the social system.", "chunk_index": 1462, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 836, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1463", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "But to return to the \nfeminine embodiment: such a custom as the ride-astride habit \ncould prevail only because of its support in the greater freedom \nof feminine behavior already established. The significance of \ndetails is derived from their place in the larger system of which \nthey form a slight part; that significance in turn is derived from \nthe ideals and principles which direct approval. The system is \nalways but partially logical and in its adjustment meets with \nshifting standards; none the less it is by such adherence saved \nfiom caprice, and saved for a useful function in the effective sol¬ \nidarity of the communal spirit. \nNote 14, page 460.", "chunk_index": 1463, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 660, "length_words": 109 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1464", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The cosmopolitanism of modem occiden¬ \ntal life and the directive leadership of the centers of culture, \nthe free interchange of ideas, the formulated political relation¬ \nships and interchanges of institutions, have all conspired to im¬ \npart a universality to modern life in notable contrast to the dis¬ \ntinctive, isolated, and self-sufficient insularity of older conditions. \nThe tendency to lose the local distinctiveness has led to the re¬ \naction in favor of various national movements in language, \nliterature, customs. The assimilation of divergent stocks seems \nthe inevitable issue of the massive trends of modem civilization. \nAll this makes it difficult for the humanitarian sociologist to \nreconstruct the local quality of allegiance to standards and tra¬ \nditions. Yet the assertiveness of race or nation persists, and \npersists quite too commonly in the assumption of superiority \nand a prejudiced indifference to the divergent qualities of other \nNOTES TO CHAPTER VIII 5 85 \nraces.", "chunk_index": 1464, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1465", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "That culture consists in a certain magnanimity of outlook \nis not an unfair deduction for present-day considerations. Yet \nthe adjustment of one’s loyalties to the several phases of the en¬ \nvironmental influences responsible for the opportunity to live \nthe life of one’s consummation, is a practical problem; its solu¬ \ntion lies in nothing less comprehensive and irrevocable than the \nexperiences of life itself. \nNote 15, page 460. The regulative value of the religious \nsystem is of the highest significance in the historical consideration. \nSupreme by the nature of its authority, it may determine di¬ \nrectly the total range of life and interests, and become biologically \nsignificant in that it directs the customs of marriage and dictates \nwhich order of qualities shall prevail and continue in the race \nor people.", "chunk_index": 1465, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 824, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1466", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The perspective of older cultures is that of a unitary \nregulative system in which the religious features form the cen¬ \ntral moments; all other regulative systems must make terms with \nthis supreme direction and either receive its sanction or extend \nits dominion. With Church, State, and Society as one, the re¬ \nligious sanction dominates as the expression of the superior \nsource of influence, a tutelary protection by divine powers. In \nthis aspect the central function of religion is to provide a super¬ \nnatural sanction for the restraint of individual impulse and for \nits subjection to the collective will. Loyalty, sacrifice, devotion be¬ \ncome duties prescribed by custom, at times dominantly political, \nyet more commonly religious in type of obligation imposed. \nIncidentally in this relation may be traced the environmental \naspect in the dominance of the natural phenomena or of social \norganization in the color and mood of the religious cults.", "chunk_index": 1466, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1467", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The \nrelation of the original religious mood to the dominance of moun¬ \ntain and sea, forest and desert, thunder and windstorm, and the \nmighty forces of nature, is direct; it has brought it about that \nreligions have been conceived and wrought to expression in soli¬ \ntary and impressive places, and that they change their character \nand wane in importance under the dominance of the crowded \nartificial habitations of men. In changing the emphasis of the \nrelation to be regulated from that of man to nature and to na¬ \nture’s God, to that between man and man, and man and society, \nthe regulative system inevitably comes into rivalry—it may be, \ninto conflict—with other systems; and the gods acquire a nar- \n586 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nrower tutelary, tribal character. The regulation of man’s rela¬ \ntion with nature through science represents the limitation of the \nolder views in the first aspect.", "chunk_index": 1467, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 907, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1468", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The reconciliation of the several \nsystems as of their practical interests, is a constant and signifi¬ \ncant problem. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER IX \nNote 1, page 4GG. It is clear that artists cannot be graded \nin any such mechanical manner, because each expression of the \nartistic gift is or may be specialized, and present yet finer dis¬ \ntinctions; merits and excellences are variously combined and \nhave shifting values in a critical appraisal. One painter excels \nin the handling of color, another in truth of drawing, another in \noriginality of conception, another in skill of composition. The \nP in a specialty—dominance of the qualities that \nmake the portrait painter, the landscape painter, the decorative \npainter, the animal painter—is itself an expression of the nicer \nadjustment of talents to chosen tasks, under the influence of \ntastes, opportunities or circumstance. \nExacting careers require a favorable social environment as well \nas specialized endowments.", "chunk_index": 1468, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 968, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1469", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The psychology of skill illustrates \nthe relation. In coarse movements, like scrubbing a floor or \ndigging a ditch, it matters little whether the movements vary a \nfew inches one way or the other; in the handling of the artist’s \nIn ush or pencil, in the jeweler’s or the surgeon’s craft, the slightest \ndeviation is disastrous. Artists, jewelers, and surgeons must be \nmore carefully selected than scrubbers of floors and diggers of \nditches. Their finer fitness involves a nicer adjustment of condi¬ \ntions ; it takes less to throw them out of condition. The sensitive¬ \nness of the finer callings to delicate fluctuations is but another as¬ \npect of the effect of civilization to make finer differences count. \nNote 2, page 473. The citation of the advertising process \nis for the single purpose of indicating the specialized nature of \nthe appeal, which in other phases incorporates general laws of \nattention, interest, motive, persuasion, etc.", "chunk_index": 1469, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 949, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1470", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It is a highly spe¬ \ncialized psychological art; hence inference and generalization \nare. hazardous. Advertising may pay for economic reasons; \nbusiness may be good enough to make the purchaser able to pay \nboth for the article and for the advertisement; the independence \nNOTES TO CHAPTER IX 587 \nof a local market, the need of a widely distributed one, may \nsupport or require publicity. Yet in the end, the place of per- \nsuasibility, though exercised as an individual response, is reflected \nfrom the socially acquired phase of responsiveness, which is al¬ \nways of a specialized order. \nNote 3, page 476.", "chunk_index": 1470, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 609, "length_words": 99 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1471", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "In the socializing of the emotional regu¬ \nlations of the individual response (see Chapter IV) nature \nsupplies inherent tendencies to fear, to be ashamed, to love, to de¬ \nsire, to expand the self, to be stimulated or depressed, but \nthe social environment steps in to determine what shall be \nfeared and what shall induce shame, what shall be desired \nand thus develop self-esteem, and cause joy or grief. So strong \nis the acquired habit that the bare opinion of one’s neighbors, \nhowever unjust, is enough to induce a sense of guilt or shame. \nPride is similarly socially acquired, and esteem becomes a potent \nforce in the redirection of quality. The environment as the \nmedium of operation determines the objects that stimulate se¬ \nlected qualities: hence the shifting ideals of the desirable and \nthe undesirable; and hence also the responsibility of the leaders \nof men in attaching the rewards of social esteem to the qualities \nof men. \nNote 4, page 476.", "chunk_index": 1471, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 965, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1472", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The tests of life differ from the inevi¬ \ntably artificial tests of the school, for the very reason that prefer¬ \nment in the open is exposed to the sum total of the social influ¬ \nences that exert a strong hold upon the sentiments and judgments \nthat award success. It would be foolish to suppose that a mem¬ \nber of the black race competes upon equal terms with a white \nman in the desirable careers for which he may have a special \nfitness or training. Discrimination is inevitable, though its de¬ \ngree and manner vary with the attitude assumed by the dominant \nrace toward those of other lineage. Prejudice is subtle and per¬ \nmeates to all the finer appraisals that practically form aids or \nhindrances to success.", "chunk_index": 1472, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 720, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1473", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Every factor counts; and no platform of \nequal opportunity will remove the disqualifications attaching to \na social-sentimental exclusion from the spontaneous admission to \n“one’s own kind.” Similarly, women do not and cannot compete \non like terms with men in the professions to which they have \ngained access. Allowances and considerations for sex intrude, \nfavorably or unfavorably; the avenues of preferment, though \n588 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \nostensibly open, are really barred by invisible barriers of social \nprejudice. The suppressed play of such influences appears in \nthe slighter and often resisted prejudices of a dominant caste \nagainst the foreigner or the descendant of an alien stock. There \nare castes within castes, loyalties within loyalties, all of which \nplay upon the composite of qualities that lead to success. Such \nis the role of circumstance in the intricacy of the social organiza¬ \ntion; such is the difficulty of adjusting reward to endowment.", "chunk_index": 1473, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1474", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The favored swim with the current and rise to positions above \ntheir merits; the less favored struggle against the current and \nreach stations below their attainments. It takes but a slight \ndifference in circumstance to divide the issue. Each social milieu \nestablishes its peculiar perspective of importance of one set of \nqualities or another. Failure in one respect may disqualify; for \nmen compete and prevail with the composite of their qualities, \nwhile the environment may determine that they shall be called \nby one dominantly. \nNote 5, page 485. The congeniality of the intellectual cli¬ \nmate is a factor of prime importance in the issues of endeavor. \nHappiness lies in the adjustment of task to inclination as well \nas to capacity. An uncongenial climate is the most irritating, \nas it is the most constant disturber of endeavor.", "chunk_index": 1474, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 842, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1475", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Content is in¬ \ndispensable; like interest in one’s work, it is a psychological \nfactor that disappears in the records of hours or product, and \nyields only to the finer appraisals of quality. It is indeed pre¬ \ndominantly a temperamental matter, but is none the less keenly \nsensitive to the approvals of social esteem. One of the most \npractical methods of making men efficient is to make them happy. \nBut content, like all else, becomes a more delicate adjustment \nwith the complication of nature and task and condition. The \nprovision of an environment stimulating to the choicest forms of \nendeavor thus becomes the true social mission. To neglect or \ndisregard this vital factor in encouragement is most impractical. \nSocial esteem in its operation may at least attain the negative \nvirtue of removing distinct hindrances in false standards of ap¬ \npraisal.", "chunk_index": 1475, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1476", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The more positive creation of a congenial milieu re¬ \nquires the placing of control in the hands of those fitted to the \npoietic callings, together with a sensitive elevation of the social \nappreciation. \nNOTES TO CHAPTER IX 589 \nNote 6, page 485. Standards of approval, as instruments of \nsocial selection, respond to supply and demand. Society rewards \nthe qualities which it needs. With increased refinement and \ncomplexity of needs, the basis of selection alteis. Critical ap \npredations and ideals determine the scale of value attached to \nthe qualifications for service. Qualities cherished in one social \nenvironment may actually become a handicap is another less \ndeveloped in appreciation. A candidate may be too good as \nwell as not good enough for the place. Such consideration is \nreal, though often irrelevant to account for failure.", "chunk_index": 1476, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 846, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1477", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Communi¬ \nties compete upon similar terms; in the freer competitions of \nmodern times, men select among communities those that offer \nthe opportunities and appreciations congenial to their parts. \nAdjustment is always mutual between the basis of selection and \nthe selection itself. \nNote 7, page 497. The adjustment of esteem to performance \nappears in the judgments and the values attaching to the prac¬ \ntical idol of success. Incomes determine standards of living and \nthus exert a considerable influence upon all manners of apprecia¬ \ntions. An exclusive, or crude, or irrelevant use of such a \nstandard impedes spiritual welfare more obstinately than any \nother single influence.", "chunk_index": 1477, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 685, "length_words": 104 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1478", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "It diverts the energies of men un¬ \nduly from pursuits indispensable for social welfare and ap¬ \npealing in vain to the highest types of ability; it obscures the \ntrue value of the poietic endeavors; it requires of them either to \njustify themselves in terms wholly foreign to their character, or \nintrudes a false perspective of the relations of means and ends. \nIt leads to a ready support of applied science and a grudging \nrecognition of the spirit of research from which all application \nproceeds. It substitutes popularity for distinction and leads \nto a confusion of appreciations. What it overlooks is that the \nstandard by which success is conferred is as much judged m the \nverdict of success as is the person or performance thus approved. \nThe succes d’estime precisely indicates the distinction and pro¬ \nvides for the critical sense.", "chunk_index": 1478, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 846, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1479", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Reputations are the most deceptive \nof encomiums—like personal testimonials—because their value \ndepends wholly upon the standards of those who confer them. \nThe holding of office is unthinkingly accepted as a mark of abil¬ \nity. Money, office, reputation are the inevitable outward indices? \n590 CHARACTER AND TEMPERAMENT \npresumptive evidences and no more, of the attainment of a cer¬ \ntain standard of success. But the standards themselves must be \nciitically examined, are indeed most critically considered m the \nnicer judgments of men, before verdicts inspire confidence. Suc¬ \ncess may properly please but should not dazzle; it may en¬ \ncourage but should not confuse. Hence the constant pertinence \nof the gospel of appreciation. \nNote 8, page 499. As a popular choice or social appreciation \ncan be exercised only among available or presented candidates, \nsuccess in terms of sales, box-receipts, or circulation—shows \nwhat people will accept, rather than what they want.", "chunk_index": 1479, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 980, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1480", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "Such ac¬ \nceptance, however, tends to fix the standards of taste and to \nmake further substitution difficult. Yet taste improves precisely \nby rejecting what it formerly accepted; in this sense, inertia \nand complacency, though efficient, are negative forces. Through \nresponse to new enterprises, to more critical appeals, is the eleva¬ \ntion of opinion made possible. \nA statement of the same relation in individual terms indicates \nthat mental, moral, social or esthetic growth means the constant \noutgrowing of older standards. What once gave satisfaction is \nnow neutral or decidedly objectionable. The “ages of man” rep¬ \nresent not alone a change of interests but of standards. Experi¬ \nence, if combined with the capacity to grow, means the develop¬ \nment of a more critical sense, and the elevation of sentiment. \nSuch change forms the actual sujDport of all movements for \nbetterment. \nNote 9, page 501.", "chunk_index": 1480, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 913, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1481", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "The theme of the closing portions of \nthis chapter, together with a proper introductory survey of the \nsource and play of human endowment, is developed in a volume \nissued under the title, “The Qualities of Men” (Houghton, Mifflin \n& Co., 1910). That “Essay in Appreciation” is intended to make \na more general appeal and a more practical one. For the rea¬ \nson that the Qualities of Men” (to which the reader’s attention \nis indulgently invited) provides an expansion of the present \ntheme, is its statement reduced in the present connection to a \nbrief indication of its message. \nINDEX \nAbility; mathematical, 17 \nmusical, 16, 409 \nSee also Traits, esthetic; \nTraits, intellectual \nAbnormal tendencies of mind, \n238, 277, 304 ff. \nand age, 307-310, 559-560 \nand criminality, 574 \nand defect, 311, 544, 552-553, \nand deviation, 361 ff., 565 \nand disproportion, 314 ff., 358 \nff.", "chunk_index": 1481, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1482", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "and excess, 312 ff., 317 ff., 345 \nff., 533, 556, 564-565 \nand excitation, 315 ff., 353 ff., \n563-564 \nand genius, 363, 410, 573 \nand organic condition, 304 ff., \n550-551 \nand perversion, 359 ff., 411 \nand the normal, 310 ff., 342 \nAffective. See Emotions; Traits, \nesthetic \nAllen, Grant, 510 \nAltruism, 208 ff., 213, 237, 537- \nAnger, 106, 107, 124 ff., 132, 140, \n143, 144, 191, 262 \npathology of, 347 ff. \nAnimal traits. See Traits, trans¬ \nformation of, in animals \nArreat, 548 \nBain, 508 \nBinet-Simon, 549 \nBoas, 570 \nBurbank, 518, 576 \nCannon, W. B., 521 \nCharacter and Temperament, ix \nand psychology, 1 \nas a general inquiry, 7 \nCharacter and Temperament \nhistorical aspect of, 2, 507- \npractical aspect of, 57, 510 \nCharacter reading, ix, x, 7 \nCharacter training, ix, x, 578 \nChinese, 572 \nCholeric. See Temperament. \nCivilization, x-xi, 211, 464 ff., \nCommunity of traits. See Traits, \ncommunity of \nComplex, 53, 311, 319 \nConduct, the emotions and.", "chunk_index": 1482, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 961, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1483", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See \nEmotions \nConformity, 443, 447, 502, 503, \n515, 579-582 \nSee also Group-mind \nConscience. See Morality. \nConvention. See Conformity \nCooperation. See Socialization \nCorrelation. See Endowment \nCriminality. See Abnormal tend¬ \nencies of mind and perver¬ \nsion \nCrowd. See Group-mind \nCuriosity, 49, 152, 155, 186, 240 ff. \nCyrano de Bergerac, 361 \nDarwin, 139, 140, 141, 144, 531, \nDauriac, 548 \nDegeneracy. See Abnormal tend¬ \nencies of mind and per¬ \nversion \nDe Quincy, 318 \nDessoir, 507 \nDexter, 576 \nDifferences, human, 10 ff., 23 \nSee also Temperament \nDisgust, 108, 115, 141, 510 \nDistinction. See Traits, intel¬ \nlectual; Emotions, and in¬ \ntellect \n592 INDEX \nDomestication, 152, 211, 426-431 \nDowie, 566 \nEddy, 562, 566 \nEllis, Havelock, 383, 390, 551, \n565, 566, 567, 568, 574 \nEmotionalization, 97, 116 \nEmotions, 104 ff.", "chunk_index": 1483, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 837, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1484", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "aggressive, 109, 128, 130, 132 \nff., 188, 222 ff., 354 \nand conduct, 113 \nand instinct, 118 ff., 124 ff., 151 \nff 532 \nand intellect, 155 ff., 195 ff., 216 \nff., 239 ff., 532 \nand object, 156, 159, 199 \nand sensibilities, 112 ff., 523, \nand situation, 122 ff., 126, 128 \nff., 131, 134 ff., 527 \nand will, 244 ff. \nas motive, 111, 113, 225 \nas personal quality, 169 ff., 205 \nas zest, 109 ff. \nclassification of, 527-528 \ncomplexity of, 114 ff., 117, 146 \nff 999 ^ \nderivative, ’ll7 ff., 138, 150 ff., \n171, 208 ff., 229 ff., 535 \ndevelopment of, 533-534 \nexpression of, 106, 121 ff., 123 \nff., 126, 138, 139 ff., 164 \nff., 515, 521 ff., 529-531, \nfunction of, 106 ff., 127, 131, \n522-523 \nluxurious, 110 ff. \norganic aspect of, 106 ff., 126, \n172, 185, 520 ff. \npathology of, 356 ff. \npreliminary and active stages \nof, 13i ff., 148 \nprimary, 104, 118, 119 ff., 134 \nff., 170, 525, 536 \nretreating, 109, 120, 128, 130, \n132 ff., 184 ff., 227 ff.", "chunk_index": 1484, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1485", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "sensory inlet of, 121 ff., 141, \n520-521, 526, 527 \nsocial, 52, 109, 130, 133, 146 \nff., 163, 177 ff., 181 ff., 191 \nff., 534 \nSee also Socialization \nEmotions, \nspecialization of, 153 \ntransformation of, 117 ff. \nurgency of, 106 ff'. \nEndowment, 408 \nand achievement, 296 ff., 399 \nff., 469 ff., 577, 589 \nand the psychic environ¬ \nment, 471 ff., 474 ff., 486 \nff., 501 \nand will, 297 ff. \nconstancy of, 12, 175 \ncorrelation of, 287 ff. \nintellectual, 285 ff., 290 ff. \nmotor, 286 ff. \noriginal, 175, 576-577 \nsensory, 282 ff., 511 \nEnergy. See Will \nEnvironment, \nadjustment to, 420 ff., 432 ff. \nand heredity, 46. See also \nHeredity; Group-traits, \nand the environment \nand institutions, 425, 440 ff., \n447 ff., 457 ff., 459 ff., 578- \n579, 584-585, 588 \nand race, 418 \nartificial, 419, 451, 463 \nas biological emphasis, 416 \nas conserving, 452 \neconomic, 423 \neffect of, 44 \nphysical, 417, 420 ff., 576 \npsychological, 423 ff.", "chunk_index": 1485, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 930, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1486", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "transformation effected by, 425, \n576-577 \nin animal life, 426 \nEsthetic. See Traits, esthetic \nExcitation. See Abnormal tend¬ \nencies of mind and excita¬ \ntion \nExpression, 45, 54 \nof emotion. See Emotions, ex¬ \npression of \nof traits. See Traits, expres¬ \nsion of \n“Family” situation, 128 ff., 200 \nFashion, 434, 444 ff., 446, 580- \n581. See also Group- \nmind \nINDEX 593 \nFear, 108, 115, 119 ff., 124 ff., \n132, 190, 229 ff., 262, \n343 ff., 524-525, 539, 540 \npathology of, 343 ff., 555, 562 \nFeeling. See Sensibilities; Emo¬ \ntions; Affective \ntender. See Sympathy \nFeeling-value, 64, 73, 89 \nFeiss, 548 \nFood-sensibilities. See Sensibili¬ \nties \nFood-situation, 78, 128 ff. \nFouillee, 508 \nFreud, 336, 337, 338, 339, 351 \nGalton, 407, 573, 574 \nGenius. See Abnormal tenden¬ \ncies of mind and genius \nGoddard, 552 \nGregariousness. See Socializa¬ \ntion ; Sympathy \nGrief, 135 ff., 143 \npathology of, 350 ff.", "chunk_index": 1486, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1487", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See also Pain \nGross, 566 \nGroup-mind, 433 ff., 579 \nand public sentiment, 450 ff., \n471 ff. \nas local genius, 458, 493 \nas Zeitgeist, 456 \nconstancy of, 439 \nvarieties of, 438 ff. \nGroup-traits, \nand family, 408 ff., 573, 574- \nand heredity, 407 \nand the environment, 412 ff. \nand the individual, 365, 366 \nand vocation, 414, 482, 575 \nderivative, 377-382, 390-393 \nfeminine, 386-390, 566, 567 \nmasculine, 382-386, 567-568 \npathological, 372-374 \npsychological, 374-376 \ninterrelation of, 406 ff. \nof race, 393 ff., 568 \nand achievement, 399 ff., 569, \nand precocity, 404 \nand primitive type, 402, 570 \nand variability, 403 \nderivative, 397 \nGroup-traits, \nof sex, 367 ff., 566, 567 \nbodily, 370, 371 \npsychology of, 365 ff. \nSee also Group-mind \nHall, G. S., 561 \nHeredity, 8, 15, 543-544, 571, \n574-575 \nand environment, 46, 417 \nSee also Environment \ntraits of.", "chunk_index": 1487, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 865, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1488", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See Traits, heredity \nof \nHonor, 52 \nHypochondria, 324 \nHysteria, 328 ff., 553, 554-555 \nand shock, 351 \nminor traits of, 330 ff., 556, \n557, 559, 560, 561 \nIdeals and standards, 55, 461, \n476 ff., 490, 496, 539, 583- \n586, 589 \nSee also Standards \nIdeo-motor, 537 \nIdol, of interest, 4, 5 ff. \nof the practical mind, 3, 5 ff. \nImitation, 195 ff., 537 \nImpressionism, 87 \nImpulse. See Emotions and in¬ \nstinct \nIndividual differences. See Tem¬ \nperament \nand group-traits. See Group- \ntraits and the individual \nIndividuality, 445, 453, 493 \nInstinct. See Emotions and in¬ \nstinct \nInstitutions. See Environment \nand institutions \nIntellect. See Emotions and in¬ \ntellect \nIntellectualization, 160 ff., 176 ff., \n186, 215 ff. \nIntelligence, general. See En¬ \ndowment, intellectual \nIntoxication. See Abnormal \ntendencies of mind and ex¬ \ncitation \nIreland, 356 \nIrresolution, 318 ff. \nIrritability.", "chunk_index": 1488, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 898, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1489", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See Anger \nIvan the Terrible, 356 \n594 INDEX \nJames, 205, 520, 527 \nJealousy, 124 ff., 181 ff., 203 \npathology of, 349 ff., 502 \nSee also Anger \nJews, 572 \nJoy, 135 ff. \nSee also Pleasure \nKaffir, 46 \nIvallikak, 552, 574 \nKeller, Miss, 518 \nKinetic, 487 \nKnowledge-value, 04, 73, 89 \nLange, 520 \nLanguage. See Sensibilities, lan- \nguage- \nLevy, 508 \nLombroso, 574 \nLove, 202, 208 ff., 214. See also \nSympathy \nLudwig of Bavaria, 356 \nMacDougall, xii, 520, 525, 527, \nMalapert, 508 \nManners. See Fashion \nMayer, A. G., 576 \nMegalomania. See Abnormal \ntendencies of mind and \nexcitation \nMelancholic. See Temperament \nMesmer, 387 \nMeyer, Max, 519 \nMilitarism, 457 ff., 479 ff. \nMill, J. S., 50(8 \nMind, primitive.", "chunk_index": 1489, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 711, "length_words": 112 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1490", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See Group- \nmind \nMiser, traits of, 274 ff., 547 \nModesty, 227, 538-539 \nMood, 113, 262, 268, 301, 305 \nMorality, 442 ff., 449, 543 \nMores, 442, 444, 449, 581-582 \nSee also Morality; Fashion; \nConformity \nMorgan, Lloyd, 542 \nNeeds and their satisfaction, 25 \nNervousness, 62, 317 ff., 327 ff., \n343 ff., 555 \nNeurasthenia, 320 ff., 554-555 \nminor traits of, 323 ff. \nPains, 59 ff., 105, 144 \nPalmistry, 2 \nParalysis, general, 315 ff. \nParmalee, 519 \nPaulhan, 508 \nPersecution, 52 \nPersonality, 188, 222, 558. See \nalso Hysteria \nPerversion. See Abnormal tend¬ \nencies of mind and per¬ \nversion \nPhlegmatic. See Temperament \nPhobia. See Fear \nPhrenology, 2 \nPhysiognomy, 2 \nPlay-situation, 128 ff., 146, 177 ff., \nPleasures, 59 ff., 105 \nPoietic, 487, 491, 505 \nPresentative, 68 ff., 158, 161, \n526-527 \nPride, 45, 223 ff. \nProblem-solving, 50, 240 ff., 292, \nSee also Curiosity \nPsychic control, 174 ff. \nPsycho-analysis, 550 \nPsychology, 35 \nSee also Character and Tem¬ \nperament \nPugnacity.", "chunk_index": 1490, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 992, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1491", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See Anger \nPunishment, psychology of, 48, \n233 ff. \nQualitative method, 14, 509 \nQualities of men, 463 ff., 590 \nencouragement of, 489, 495, \n498 ff \nSee also Traits \nQuantitative method, 9 ff., 12, 14, \n17, 508, 509 \nRace, traits of, 13 \nRepresentative, 6'8 ff., 158, 161 \nResemblances, human, 23 \nRibery, 508 \nRibot, 508, 512, 520, 527 \nSanguine. See Temperament \nSeashore, 548 \nSelf-esteem, 48 \nINDEX 595 \nSensibilities, 58 ff. \nand conduct, 66 \nand discrimination, 40 \nand emotions. See Emotions, \nand sensibilities \nand feeling, 512 \nand intellect, 73, 78, 99, 520, \ncomposite nature of, 93, 95, \n511, 518, 519 \ndelicacy of, 62, 76 ff., 87 ff., 100, \nderivative, 102, 519 \ndevelopment of, 91 \nfood-, 81 ff. \nfunction of, 64, 70, 91, 94, 97 ff.", "chunk_index": 1491, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 748, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1492", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "hygienic, 74 ff., 514 \nlanguage, 83 ff., 517 \norders of, 63 \norganic root of, 59, 105, 513- \n514, 518 \noverlay of, 67, 516 \nregulation by, 79, 96, 517, 519- \nspecial-sense, root of, 59, 512, \n513, 514, 518, 548 \nstandards of, 80, 516-517 \nsupporting sense of, 91 ff., 514 \nSentiments, 49, 199, 208 ff., 215, \n220 ff., 228, 534 \nsystem of, 51 ff., 231 ff., 540- \nSex, traits of, 13, 49, 115, 200- \n202, 213, 337 ff., 367 ff. \nShame, 234 ff., 538 ff. \nSee also Modesty \nShand, xii \nShyness, 184 ff., 187, 188, 203, \nSituation. See Food; Family; \nPlay \nSkill. See Endowment, motor \nSocialization, 131, 149, 163, \n176 ff., 196, 203 ff., 206, 587 \nstages of, 177ff.,536-537 \nSociety, stratification of, 455 \nSee also Environment, and in¬ \nstitutions \nSommer, 575 \nSpecialization.", "chunk_index": 1492, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 774, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1493", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "See Traits, spe¬ \ncialization of; Emotions, \nspecialization of \nStandards, 461 \nSee also Ideals and standards \nStarbuck, 561 \nSuggestion, 195 ff., 203, 578 \nSuppression, psychic, 336 \nSee also Hysteria \nSympathy, 108, 145, 149, 189 ff., \n207 ff., 536 \nSystem. See Sentiments, system \nof; Environment, and in¬ \nstitutions \nTaboo, 443, 447 ff., 515, 581 \nTaste. See Traits, esthetic \nTemper. See Anger, pathology \nof \nTemperament, \nand age, 251 ff., 259 ff., 546 \nand emotion, 271 ff. \nand esthetic susceptibility, \n267 ff. \nand fixed bent, 258 ff., 270, \n272 ff. \nand heredity, 250 \nand individual differences, \n281 ff., 548 \nSee also Endowment \nand primary traits, 253 \nand sex, 250, 252 \nand temperamental traits, 252, \n266 ff., 272 ff., 278 ff.", "chunk_index": 1493, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 746, "length_words": 116 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1494", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "budget view of, 546-547 \nemotional emphasis of, 256 \nintellectual emphasis of, 256 \nmelancholic, 266 \norganic conditioning of, 248, \nsanguine, 265 ff., 553 \ntypes of, 249 ff., 255 ff., 545 \nSee also Character and Tem¬ \nperament \nThomas, 382, 566, 569-570, 572, \nThompson, Miss, 567 \nThorndike, xii, 9, 187, 509, 511, \n518, 529, 539 \nToglak, Mohammed, 356 \nTraits, \nand the nervous system, 20, \n40-42 \nbiological aspect of, 28, 466 \n596 INDEX \nTraits, \ncommunity of, lOff. \ncompatibility of, 279 ff. \nderivative, 22, 24, 25, 37 ff. \ndirective trend of, 42, 44 \ndistribution of, 17-19 \nencouragement of, 55, 56, 588 \nesthetic, 30 ff., 43, 60, 65, 67, \n70, 82 ff., 85 ff., 267 ff., \n512, 518 \nevolution of, 43, 45, 51, 71 \nexpression of, 40, 42, 44 \nfunction of, 22, 83 \ngroup-. See Group-traits, psy¬ \nchology of \nheredity of, 15 ff. \nintellectual, 34 ff., 51, 99, \n195 ff., 218 ff., 240 ff., \n\\ 288 ff., 510, 542, 549 \nmaturing of, 38, 43 \nnational, 467 ff. \nnature of, 19 ff., 27 \norders of, 21 ff.", "chunk_index": 1494, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "character_temperament_chunk_1495", "book": "character_temperament", "content": "persistence of, 42 \nprimary, 20, 523 \nracial. See Race, traits of \nsex. See Sex, traits of \nsources of, 8 ff. \n' specialization of, 36 ff., 45 465 \n470, 586-587 \nTraits, \ntemperamental. See Tempera¬ \nment \nti ansfer of. See Transfer, \nprinciple of \ntransformation of, 426 ff 429 \n482 ff., 506, 578 \nin animals, 427 ff., 430-433 \nvalue of, 24, 55, 484 ff., 492 \nTransfer, 43, 48, 583-584 \nprinciple of, 162 ff., 211, 481, \n510-511 \nUtopia, 485 ff. \nValue, 231 \nof traits. See Traits, value of \nVanity, 45 \nVeblen, 515 \nVocation. See Group-traits and \nvocation \nWallas, xii \nWatson, 519 \nWhetham, 577, 578 \nWill, 244 ff. \nSee also Endowment and will; \nEmotions and will \nWilson, G. R., 554 \nWoman, status of, 474 ff. \nWoods, P. A., 575 \nWoolley, Mrs., 567 (1).", "chunk_index": 1495, "total_chunks": 1496, "metadata": { "source": "character_temperament.txt", "book_title": "Character Temperament", "length_chars": 758, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_0", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "From:\nSnapshot-Content-Location: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67472/67472-h/67472-h.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\nSubject: =?utf-8?Q?How=20to=20Pick=20a=20Mate:=20The=20Guide=20to=20a=20Happy=20Ma?=\n=?utf-8?Q?rriage,=20by=20Clifford=20Adams=20and=20Vance=20Packard=E2=80?=\n=?utf-8?Q?=94A=20Project=20Gutenberg=20eBook?=\nDate: Mon, 22 Sep 2025 09:25:39 +0530\nMIME-Version: 1.0\nContent-Type: multipart/related;\ntype=\"text/html\";\nboundary=\"----MultipartBoundary--lmXeSoLlaXcBOfisHPlQ8IRKukwsEny31F8sRmsGXp----\"\n------MultipartBoundary--lmXeSoLlaXcBOfisHPlQ8IRKukwsEny31F8sRmsGXp----\nContent-Type: text/html\nContent-ID:\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable\nContent-Location: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67472/67472-h/67472-h.htm?utm_source=chatgpt.com\n=20\nHow to Pick a Mate: The Guide to a Happy Marriage, by Clifford Adams =\nand Vance Packard=E2=80=94A Project Gutenberg eBook\n=20\n*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 67472 ***\nTRANSCRIBER=E2=80=99S NOTE\nThe cover image was created by the transcriber and is placed in the publ=\nic domain.\nHow to Pick a Mate\nHOW TO\nPICK A MATE\nTHE GUIDE\nTO A HAPPY MARRIAGE\nBY\nDR.", "chunk_index": 0, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1127, "length_words": 96 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_1", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "CLIFFORD R. ADAMS\nAssociate Professor of Psychology and Direc=\ntor\nof the Marriage Counseling Service, Pennsylvania\nState College. Member of the American\nAssociation of Marriage Counselors. Director\nof the Woman=E2=80=99s Home Companion Marriage\nClinic.\nAND\nVANCE O. PACKARD\nStaff Writer, The American Magazine\nNEW YORK\nE. P. DUTTON & COMPANY, INC.\nCopyright, 1946, by E. P. Dutton &=\nCo., Inc.\nAll rights reserved.", "chunk_index": 1, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 415, "length_words": 63 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_2", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Printed in the U.S.A.\nFIRST EDITION\nNO PART\n=\nof this book may be reproduced\nin any form without permission in writing\nfrom the publisher, except by a reviewer\nwho wishes to quote brief passages in connection\nwith a review written for inclusion in\nmagazine or newspaper or radio broadcast.\nTo\nOUR TWO DAUGHTERS\nand\nOUR TWO SONS\nWho Have Yet to Pick Their Mates\n[7]\nContents\nPAGE\nList of Tests=\nForeword\nCHAPTER\nI.\nWhy Marry, Anyhow?\nII.\nYour Chances of Getting a Mate Y=\nou=E2=80=99ll Like\nIII.\nAre You Ready for Married Love?<=\n/span>\nIV.\nIs It Love=E2=80=94or Infatuatio=\nn?\nV.\nGrowing Up Sexually\nVI.\nSex Adventuring\nVII.\nDo You Frighten Possible Mates A=\nway?\nVIII.\nAttracting the One You Want\nIX.\nIs the One You Want the One You =\nNeed?\nX.\nCrucial Traits for a Happy Marri=\nage\nXI.\nTest Your Mate and Yourself\nXII.\nNow, See How You Match as a Coup=\nle!\nXIII.\nBeware of Mixed Marriages\n=\nXIV.\nNine Dangerous Characters\n=\nXV.\nPeople Who Should Not Marry at A=\nll\nXVI.\n[8]=\nspan>\nWill a Job Undermine Your Marria=\nge?\nXVII.\nThe Veteran as a Mate\nXVIII.\nSo You Agree to Marry: What Next=\n?\nXIX.\nGetting Ready for Married Intima=\ncy\nXX.\nGetting Off to a Good Start\nAfter Thoughts\nAppendix A: Selected Bibliograph=\ny\nAppendix B: Marriage Counseling =\nAgencies\nIndex\n[9]\nList of Tests\nCHAPTER\nPAGE\nII.\n1.\nWhat Is Your Expectancy of Marriage?\nIII.\n2.\nAre You Old Enough to Marry?\nIII.\n3.\nAre You Grown Up Emotionally?\nIV.\n4.\nAre You Really in Love?\nVI.\n5.\nAre You Warm or Cool by Nature?\nVII.\n6.\nDo You Have a Negative or Positive Personality?\nVIII.\n7.\nWhat Traits to Look for in Mates (check list)\n=\nX.\n8.\nTen Basic Background Questions\nXI.\n9.\nSociability\nXI.\n10.\nConformity\nXI.\n11.\nTranquillity\nXI.\n12.\nDependability\nXI.\n13.\nStability\nXI.\n14.\nStandards and Ideals\nXI.\n15.\nSteadiness\nXI.\n16.\nFlexibility\nXI.\n17.\nSeriousness\nXI.\n18.\nFamily Background\nXI.\n19.\nPrediction of Individual Marital Happiness (Compos=\nite)\nXII.\n20.\nDo You Match?\nXII.\n21.\nAre You Well Mated?\nXIV.\n22.\nAre You Too Jealous?\nXV.\n23.\nIs the Mate a Neurotic?\nAppendix A.", "chunk_index": 2, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 2038, "length_words": 371 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_3", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Books You May Wish =\nto Read\nAppendix B. Marriage Counseling=\nAgencies\n[10-11]\nForeword\nAs far as we know this is the first time anyone has w=\nritten a book\nattempting to put mate selection on a sensible basis, despite the fact\nthat sooner or later almost everybody selects one.\nA good many people resent the idea of an outsider telling\nthem\nhow they should pick a mate. They think it smacks of meddling.\nMarriage is something sacred and personal. It should not be done\naccording to rules. We heartily sympathize.\nUnfortunately, however, marriages are\nnot\nmade in Heaven.\nUsually people marry by hunch or impulse ... or because their\nparents think it is a good match ... or because they get themselves\nso deeply involved romantically that marrying seems the only proper\nthing to do.\nToo frequently such methods merely mess up a couple of people=E2=80=99s\nlives. More than a third of all the millions of marriages undertaken\nin the last ten years are in trouble.", "chunk_index": 3, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 961, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_4", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many are already dissolved.\nMany more soon will be.\nA great deal of research and counseling has now been done in\nthe field of marriage, and the findings validated. At Penn State, for\nexample, hundreds of couples who were tested before marriage at\nthe Marriage Counseling Service are checked periodically after marriage\nto find how they are making out. Of all the marriages which\nthe service predicted would be successful, not one has yet ended in\ndivorce or separation.", "chunk_index": 4, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 469, "length_words": 79 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_5", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Most of the people who went ahead despite\nthe clinic=E2=80=99s cautions are already in serious trouble or have been\ndivorced.\nAs a result of many such investigations, reliable information is\n[12]\navailable on the kinds of people who make the best mates, and on\nthe causes of marriage success and failure.\nIn this book we have tried to include those findings which should\nbe most helpful and interesting to all people involved in love or\nmarriage=E2=80=94but particularly to people who sooner or later will be\ntaking unto themselves a mate. It is not our intention to lay down a\nset of rules for people to follow. But we hope that after reading this\nbook you will be more enlightened in your hunches than you might\nbe otherwise, and be a much happier and more desirable mate\nyourself!\n[13]\nHow to Pick a Mate\n[14-15]\nChapter I\nWhy Marry, Anyhow?\nMating is as old as Eve. In fact it is the oldest and=\nmost popular\ncustom ever devised by mankind.", "chunk_index": 5, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 944, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_6", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Even in the most isolated tribes\nthat explorers have uncovered on this globe adult males pair up\nwith females to live together as man and wife.\nIn many areas of the world, it is true, marriages are still arranged\nby the elders, often at a neat financial profit to the bride=E2=80=99s pare=\nnts.\nFreedom of choice in mating is a newfangled idea. And in Madagascar\nthe groom is warned at the wedding that he can beat the\nbride all he pleases, but if he breaks any bones or gouges any eyes\nshe has a perfect right to go home to mother. Yet even there mating\nis popular.\nThough marriage is the most universal institution known to man\nincreasing numbers of Americans are shunning it by divorce or\notherwise. About ten per cent of our marriageable men have become\nunbudgeable bachelors. The number of women who are choosing\ncareers to marriage is soaring. Moreover there are 1,500,000 men\nand women in America who tried marriage and are now living\napart in divorce.", "chunk_index": 6, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 959, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_7", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many others were divorced, then remarried.\nThus =E2=80=9CWhy marry, anyhow?=E2=80=9D is today a fair question. So l=\net=E2=80=99s\nface right at the start the main reasons why people do not marry,\nor stay married.\nMany people do not marry because they don=E2=80=99t relish the idea of\ngiving up their freedom, their independence. Some men do not like\nthe idea of being =E2=80=9Csaddled=E2=80=9D with family responsibilities an=\nd being\n=E2=80=9Ctied down=E2=80=9D to one woman. Likewise, some women have become\nso accustomed to living alone=E2=80=94and are so reluctant to give up\n[16]\ncareers=E2=80=94that they hesitate to give up their independence, until it =\nis\ntoo late.\nMany other girls and men do not marry because they are too particular.\nOften they have a =E2=80=9Cphantasy ideal=E2=80=9D of the mate they want\nand can=E2=80=99t find such an interested party in real life.", "chunk_index": 7, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_8", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Girls for exa=\nmple\noften sigh that they want a man =E2=80=9Ctall, dark and handsome=E2=80=94an=\nd\ngraying at the temples.=E2=80=9D Without realizing it at least a quarter of\nall girls yearn for a man who looks like their own father. And a\nquarter of the men pick someone who looks vaguely like their own\nmother.\nThere are still other people who don=E2=80=99t marry because they lack a\ndecent opportunity. Girls who choose nursing as a career, for example,\ncut their marriage prospects at least fifty per cent. It is much\nthe same for librarians and social workers. In fact a girl can reduce\nher chances of marriage merely by going to a girls=E2=80=99 college.\nThen there is a large group who do not marry because they have\nbeen disappointed in love=E2=80=94perhaps an early love affair ended in\ndisappointment or grief. It produced a psychological scar that prevented\nthe person from achieving happiness through marriage with\nanyone else.", "chunk_index": 8, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 939, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_9", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The death of Ann Rutledge shook Abraham Lincoln\nso profoundly that though he finally married years later, for appearances=\n=E2=80=99\nsake, he was a miserable husband. A boy who imagines himself\npassionately in love and then is jilted by a girl who doesn=E2=80=99t\neven let him down gently may lose faith and crawl into a psychological\nshell in his relations with other women.\nOne college girl became enamored, during her sophomore year,\nof a prominent man-about-campus. She came from a fine Philadelphia\nfamily and was an attractive, sincere girl. But she was very\nna=C3=AFve. This man began rushing her. He took her to parties at his\nfraternity, took her for several moonlight rides in his roadster, and\ntold her she was the girl he had always dreamed of. Within three\nweeks she had lost her virginity. In a few more weeks he had lost\ninterest and was off to make new conquests, and she came to the\nsickening realization that he had merely been exploiting her love\nfor physical pleasure.", "chunk_index": 9, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_10", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Disillusioned, she had to change colleges to\nkeep from facing her friends. She did not tell this story to the counselors=\n[17]\nat the Penn State Marriage Counseling Service (=E2=80=9CCompatibility\nClinic=E2=80=9D) until two years later. During those two years she\nhad been so crushed and full of bitterness that she had not let another\nman touch or even kiss her.\nOccasionally men and women do not marry because they have\nfamily responsibilities=E2=80=94perhaps a widowed mother or younger orphane=\nd\nbrothers and sisters=E2=80=94which make them feel they can=E2=80=99t\nafford, or have no right, to take on a mate.\nStill others have physical handicaps. There are some handicaps,\nof course, that are severe enough to be a real handicap, like the loss\nof both arms, but more often the handicaps are not serious in themselves.\nThey are serious because the possessor magnifies them in his\nmind and begins feeling inadequate and inferior. The same applies\nto a person who thinks he is ugly.", "chunk_index": 10, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_11", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Irregular facial features in themselves\nare never a serious handicap if their possessor has self-confidence\nand a pleasant personality.\nThe main reason why people do not marry, however, is that they\nhave an unhealthy attitude which makes it virtually impossible for\nthem to adjust themselves happily to thoughts of marriage. They\nare full of fears about the obligations that marriage may bring.\nSome are too selfish or too egocentric to be able to compromise;\nand in marriage as in any partnership the partners must be able to\nsacrifice their private desires for the common cause. Marriage is no\nplace for prima donnas.\nOther poorly adjusted persons are incapable of accepting the many\nresponsibilities that go with marriage.", "chunk_index": 11, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 725, "length_words": 117 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_12", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Perhaps their mother or\nfather tied them down so closely as a child that they never had a\nchance to develop their own feeling of self-sufficiency and independence.\nThere are parents who cannot turn their children loose.\nThey object to dating until the youngsters have become so old that\nlearning to get along with the other sex is difficult.\nSuch children have a fixation for the parents and cannot see\nanother person entering the picture as a possible substitute or replacement=\n.\nThis is called the Oedipus complex and it is no bogey\ndreamed up by psychologists. A boy may not marry because he is\nstill jealously in =E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D with his own mother. A girl may n=\not marry\n[18]\nbecause she is in =E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D with her father.", "chunk_index": 12, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 747, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_13", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This kind of fixa=\ntion is\nmade more acute when the parent is selfish or lonely and builds a\nnetwork around the child which makes escape impossible.\nThere are some people who are suspicious or jealous by nature.\nTheir emotional instability usually frightens away prospective mates.\nMany other people, particularly girls, have an unhealthy attitude\ntoward marriage because they are frightened by the physical intimacies\nthat go with marriage. A 29-year-old wife who had been\nmarried four years confessed recently that she dreaded the thought\nof physical intimacy with her husband. She had moved to another\nroom and was in a rebellious mood. This wife unconsciously revealed\na clue to her coldness when she related remarks her mother\nhad made to her during girlhood. The mother had talked of her\nown agonies during the girl=E2=80=99s birth and had told how the process\nhad injured her internally. The mother had talked of physical intimacy\nas one of the burdens a wife has to bear.", "chunk_index": 13, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 979, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_14", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "One night, when the\ngirl had been thus conditioned, a date stopped his car on a side\nroad and tried to caress her. She was terrified. Now, twelve years\nlater and formally married, she was still on guard.\nThe war gave many young people an unhealthy attitude toward\nmarriage. A desire for a =E2=80=9Clast fling=E2=80=9D impelled many of them=\nto\npromiscuous behavior that has left them with psychological scars.\nSome men saw so many =E2=80=9Cloose=E2=80=9D women near their stations and\nembarkation ports (and frequently had affairs themselves with such\nwomen) that their attitude toward all women was cheapened.", "chunk_index": 14, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 610, "length_words": 98 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_15", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Other\nyoung people=E2=80=94both male and female=E2=80=94were separated so long fr=\nom\ncontact with the opposite sex that they developed=E2=80=94or feared they\nhad developed=E2=80=94unnatural feelings toward members of the same\nsex; or thought they lost the knack of making themselves seem\nattractive to girls or men, whichever the opposite may be.\nA good many veterans saw so much of war and its destruction\nthat they became cynical of human life and pessimistic about the\nfuture. This put them in an extremely poor mood to think of mating.\nYet to millions of other veterans war made marriage seem terribly\nattractive. After leading a shifting existence where nothing seemed\nreal or permanent, the lasting, unchanging things in life appeared\n[19]\nmore significant than ever before. Marriage, ideally, is one of the\nmost permanent things in life. It gives a person a chance to sink\nroots.\nThis brings us to the other side of the picture: why people\ndo\nmarry.", "chunk_index": 15, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_16", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There are thirty million married couples in America today,\nand they didn=E2=80=99t get married just because it is the customary thing\nto do.\nMarriage\nmust\nhave something to offer. If you doubt it consider\nthese facts:\n=E2=80=94Married people normally live longer than single people. Accordi=\nng\nto the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company report of 1937, twice as\nmany single men from thirty to forty-five die as married men in the\nsame age bracket. For women between thirty and sixty-five the married\nwomen have a ten per cent advantage over the single women.", "chunk_index": 16, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 559, "length_words": 92 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_17", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Twice as\nmany widowers die as do men who remain married.\n=E2=80=94Fewer married people go to jail than single people.\n=E2=80=94Fewer go crazy.\n=E2=80=94Fewer commit suicide.\nThese facts would certainly indicate that married people are happier,\nbetter adjusted persons than unmarried persons, despite all\nthe tales about henpecked husbands and browbeaten wives.\nThen there are some very practical, hard-boiled reasons why it\npays to marry.\nFor one thing it is cheaper for two people to live together than to\nlive separately. It costs only two-thirds as much.\nBy marrying, a man becomes a better employment risk. Married\nmen usually are regarded as more steady, more trustworthy employees\nthan single men. This is logical. Marriage exerts a stabilizing\ninfluence on most men.", "chunk_index": 17, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 773, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_18", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "An employer can assume that since a married\nman has taken on the responsibilities of a family he is a better\nrisk than a man who has shown no ability to assume responsibilities.\nAnother point is that the married man is less apt to leave a good job\nthan a single man.\nFurthermore a married person is regarded more favorably socially\nthan a bachelor or spinster. This is not just a =E2=80=9Cganging up=E2=80=\n=9D of\n[20]\nspouses against anyone not similarly coupled, though that may be\na factor. It=E2=80=99s a fact that there is a greater feeling of belongingn=\ness\nto the community for the married person than for the bachelor or\nspinster. A married man is better able to entertain acquaintances\nin his own home. And right or wrong most people feel there is\nsomething a bit unnatural about an adult remaining unmarried.\nPsychiatrists agree that except in exceptional cases women who live\nalone will become neurotic and frustrated. Living alone is an abnormal\nstate for a woman.", "chunk_index": 18, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_19", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "(She overcomes this hazard only by\naccepting her fate realistically and setting out intelligently to find\nenrichment and satisfaction in life.)\nMarried people are less lonely than single people because they\nhave someone with whom to share life=E2=80=99s dull as well as exciting\nmoments and to share their problems and hopes and ambitions.\nAlso married couples who raise families frequently have an insurance\nagainst old age=E2=80=94the knowledge that in their growing children\nthere will be someone to take care of them if necessary.\nLife is also more comfortable if you are married than if single,\nat least for a man. It provides him with home cooking in his own\nhome and someone to keep his socks in order.\nA basic argument for marriage is that it offers a logical division\nof labor.", "chunk_index": 19, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 786, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_20", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Imagine how much more complicated and inconvenient\nlife would be if men had to do their own cooking and sewing, and\nwomen=E2=80=94all women=E2=80=94had to compete with men for a livelihood!=\np>\nFinally marriage offers a legalized way to achieve sexual satisfaction.\nMen and women can receive relief from their bodily tensions\nwithout the terrible feelings of guilt, anxiety and remorse that often\naccompany unmarried love. That=E2=80=99s something. Modern psychology\nrecognizes that sexual satisfaction is more than a physiological\nprocess of reproducing one=E2=80=99s kind. It is a psychologically satisfyi=\nng\nactivity and releases many nervous tensions as well as tensions\nbrought about by hormonal or glandular needs.\nThose then are the obvious, practical reasons why marriage is so\nuniversally popular.", "chunk_index": 20, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 807, "length_words": 119 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_21", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But beyond those are some important but less\nunderstood cravings which marriage satisfies.\n[21]\n=E2=80=94Beyond the desire for sex satisfaction, for example, is the yea=\nrning of\nboth men and women to share the love and affection of somebody of the\nopposite sex, someone who takes a genuine interest in them. This sometimes\nis called a need for sexually colored companionship. This is why\nmarried people don=E2=80=99t feel the need to run around to shows and parti=\nes\nthe way single people do. They have their own companionship within\nthe family. Mark Twain, in his amusing =E2=80=9CExtracts from Adam=E2=80=99=\ns Diary=E2=80=9D\nshowed the bond created by such companionship when he quoted Adam\nas reminiscing:\n=E2=80=9CAt first I thought Eve talked too much but ... after all these =\nyears\nI see that I was mistaken about Eve in the beginning. It is better to live\noutside the Garden with her than inside it without her....", "chunk_index": 21, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_22", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Wheresoever\nshe is, there is Eden.=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=94A desire for mastery on the part of most men and a desire to be=\nled\non the part of most women is another psychological motive that is satisfied\nby marriage. It is the thrill of mastery that causes a youth to careen\ndangerously down the highway at eighty miles an hour or to ride a horse\nat a break-neck gallop.\n=E2=80=94There is a desire for pride that is satisfied by saying =E2=80=\n=9Cmy husband,=E2=80=9D\nor =E2=80=9Cmy wife,=E2=80=9D or =E2=80=9Cmy oldest kid.=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=94There is a desire for security, a need both real and psychologi=\ncal,\nthat afflicts all of us. We all like to know that there is someone who will\nlook after us when we are sick, someone to comfort us when we are\ngrieved, someone to help us when we are weary. Women particularly\nfeel this need for security.", "chunk_index": 22, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 843, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_23", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In fact some observers who work a great deal\nin testing the reactions of women to the problems of life say that in\nwomen this yearning for security overshadows everything else. Women\nfeel the need for security so much more keenly because, if nothing else,\nthey are the =E2=80=9Cweaker=E2=80=9D sex. They are more dependent on men f=\nor their\nlivelihood.\nOur returning veterans feel an intense need for another kind of\nsecurity which marriage can give. After years of uncertainty, shifting,\nand tearing down of life and property they desperately want to\nget a hold on something permanent, and to many of them marriage\nlooks like the very best way to do it.\n=E2=80=94For much the same reasons veterans want to raise families. Afte=\nr so\nmuch destruction they want to build, they want to create life, life bearing=\n[22]\ntheir own likeness, life that will continue after they are gone.\nWatching and guiding one=E2=80=99s own children while they grow up is one o=\nf\nthe greatest pleasures of marriage.", "chunk_index": 23, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 996, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_24", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A couple who deliberately abstains\nfrom having children is a selfish couple. Surveys show they mostly do it\nout of selfishness, the desire of the wife for a career or =E2=80=9Cdislike=\nfor children.=E2=80=9D\nThese reasons are those we would expect from maladjusted people.\nCertainly by voluntarily remaining childless they miss one of the greatest\nchances to achieve a happy marriage.\nBy achieving a happy marriage and having children many people\nmake up for the frustrations and disappointments they have received\nfrom life, their dissatisfaction with their job and their own childhood.\nChildren bring them compensation for their own failures.\n=E2=80=94Finally, marriage enables two people to work together in settin=\ng up\ncommon goals and=E2=80=94by dreaming, planning, struggling=E2=80=94to achie=\nve those\ngoals. Perhaps the goal is to build a home or take a vacation trip to\nSouth America together or to put a son through college. The specific\ngoals are not important.", "chunk_index": 24, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 973, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_25", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The enrichment comes from the two people=E2=80=99s\nmerging their hopes and efforts toward one mutually-desired goal.\nGetting married is one of the biggest steps a person takes in life. In\nfact, for most people life boils down to coping with three big problems:\n=E2=80=94Learning to get along with people.\n=E2=80=94Choosing a career and succeeding in it.\n=E2=80=94Picking a mate and living happily thereafter.\nThe three are interdependent. Marriage counselors have noticed\nthe significant fact that the individual who makes friends readily,\nwho likes his work and is successful in it, is also the person who\ntends to choose an excellent mate for himself and work out with\nthat mate a happy marriage.\n[23]\nChapter II\nYour Chances of Getting a Mate You=E2=80=99ll Lik=\ne\nFirst, you might ask, what are your chances of gettin=\ng a mate of\nany kind? If you are a man, and are interested, you can be almost\none hundred per cent certain you will marry.", "chunk_index": 25, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_26", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "More than ten per\ncent of the eligible men today won=E2=80=99t marry, but that will largely b=\ne\ndue to the fact that they prefer to remain bachelors.\nIf you are a girl the chances that you will marry are not quite as\ngood. At the start of the war about thirteen per cent of the girls\nwere failing to marry. The prospect now is that for several years\nafter the war about fourteen or fifteen per cent will fail. It will be a\ngood market for men.\nGirls in some age brackets will be hit harder than others, and we\nsympathize with the girls past twenty-five who feel they were passing\nthe peak of the eligibility curve for marriage while many of the\nbest male prospects were still away in the armed forces. These girls\nhave cause for concern. The surplus of grown women over men=E2=80=94which\nis something new in our population=E2=80=94has been increased by\nwar casualties.", "chunk_index": 26, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 869, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_27", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And the number of men who prefer bachelorhood\nis apt to increase from ten per cent at present to perhaps fifteen per\ncent because the older a single man becomes the less he thinks about\nmarriage. This war has created a great many =E2=80=9Cold=E2=80=9D single me=\nn.\nIt is estimated that between two million and five million of the\nmarriageable women in America today will never marry. Sociologists\nare already worrying about this =E2=80=9Clost generation=E2=80=9D of our wo=\nmen\nbetween twenty and thirty-five, with those in their late twenties\npresumably hit the hardest.\nYou may ask when a girl reaches the peak of her eligibility for\n[24]\nmarriage.", "chunk_index": 27, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 651, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_28", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In normal years the peak is between nineteen and twenty-one,\nand the curve declines markedly after the twenty-fifth birthday.\nHere are the chances for men and women to marry by certain ages:\nCHANCES OF WHITE MALES AND WHITE FEMALES BEING\nMARRIED BY VARIOUS AGES (1940 CENSUS)\nBy Age\nChances of\nBeing M=\narried\nChances of\nBeing M=\narried\nChances of Marrying a=\nt Some\nParticular Year of Age\nMen\nWomen\nMen\nWomen\n1\nin 1000\nin 1000\nin 1000\nin 1000\n2\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n3\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n7\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n21\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n54\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n109\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n190\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n272\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n371\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n457\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n531\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n592\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n650\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n694\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n738\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n748\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n790\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n791\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n814\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n828\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\n=E2=80=9D\nThe odds for men show that only about one in ten marries be=\nfore\nhe is twenty-one; one in three marry at ages twenty-one to twenty-five;\nabout three to ten marry between twenty-five and thirty, and\nabout one in ten marries between thirty and thirty-five.\nA factor unfavorable to the older girls, past twenty-five, is that as\nmen become older they tend to marry increasingly younger girls.\nNormally, for example, a man of twenty-five will marry a girl of\ntwenty-two, whereas a man of thirty-one will probably marry a girl\nof twenty-five.", "chunk_index": 28, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1853, "length_words": 273 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_29", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "That=E2=80=99s why girls in the present twenty-five to thir=\nty-five\ngroup may be hardest hit by the war. One encouraging possibility,\n[25]\nhowever, is that veterans are looking for more wisdom and\nmaturity in their brides than civilians of the same age usually do.\nThere have been a good many reports of veterans marrying girls\nfive and ten years their senior.\nIdealistically, the best age for a girl to marry is from twenty-one\nto twenty-seven, and for a man from twenty-five to thirty.\nOf all women who do marry, about fifty-six per cent are married\nby their twenty-fifth birthday, about eighty-four per cent by their\nthirtieth birthday and about ninety-five per cent by their thirty-fifth\nbirthday. After thirty-five a woman has to get busy if she wants to\nmarry!\nThirty-five is when an unmarried woman can no longer consider\nherself a =E2=80=9Cyoung maid.=E2=80=9D\nThe marriage prospects for girls today would not be quite so unfavorable\nif our men would all seek mates.", "chunk_index": 29, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 975, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_30", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "As it is, with from ten\nto fifteen per cent preferring to remain single, at least a million girls\nwill not have an opportunity to marry. As far as we can gather the\nreason behind this masculine perversity is that boys, unlike girls,\nare not indoctrinated with the idea that marriage should be one of\ntheir big goals in life.\nBut why, you may ask, are there more eligible girls than men in\nAmerica? The imbalance caused by the war is not the only reason.\nHere are some other reasons for the shortage of males that looms:\n=E2=80=94Men die younger than women. The =E2=80=9Cweaker sex=E2=80=9D is=\nactually the\ntougher sex when it comes to reaching a ripe old age.\n=E2=80=94Our male surplus of immigrants has been about used up. Immigrat=\nion\nis a form of pioneering and has been considered primarily a task of\nman. When the flow of immigrants was heavy it accounted for many\nthousands of our male surplus.", "chunk_index": 30, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_31", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Now the flow has dwindled to a trickle.\n=E2=80=94America is no longer a =E2=80=9Cyoung=E2=80=9D nation. And of c=\nourse the older our\npopulation becomes, the more feminine it becomes for the reasons mentioned\nabove. There are still more boy babies born in America than girl\nbabies (about 105 boys per hundred girls) but because the males die\nfaster=E2=80=94both by natural causes and by accidents=E2=80=94the males sl=\nip into the\nminority now after the age of twenty-five.\nWar affects marriage in very peculiar ways. During the initial\n[26]\nphase of World War II, marriages increased at a spectacular rate.\nThis probably was due to the increasing prosperity (prosperity increases\nboth marriages and divorces!) and by the psychological\nincentives to mate as a result of war.", "chunk_index": 31, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 774, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_32", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "These include not only the\nimpulses to elude the draft, but the yearning of a boy to keep some\nvisible contact with home and the yearning of the girl to have some\nconcrete commitment from a man when so many of them were\nleaving the community to go to war.\nBy 1942, 1,800,000 marriages took place in the country, the highest\nnumber in history. Then the rate started dropping off as men\nbecame more scarce, so that by 1944 the number of marriages was\nonly 1,440,000. In 1945 the trend was changing. Judging from events\nafter World War I, the postwar years will see a spurt in marriages\nthat may take the rate to nearly two million a year for a couple of\nyears. But that won=E2=80=99t change the fact that a good many girls still\nwill not have a chance to marry.\nBut even if you do marry, what are the chances you will get a\nmate you like?\nThe answer depends a great deal on who you are. We can assure\nyou that such mates will not come automatically.", "chunk_index": 32, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_33", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Right now there\nare at least a million married couples who are waiting to get a\ndivorce. Millions of other couples tolerate each other but are not\nhappy by any standards we could apply to them.\nMany of the unsuccessful matches were =E2=80=9Cwar marriages=E2=80=9D ha=\nstily\nmade. A study made after the first war, of marriages hastily contracted\nfrom 1916 to 1920 show that those marriages were less happy\nfor both men and women than those contracted before the war.\nAnother study showed that the marriages undertaken immediately\nafter men came back from World War I were not=E2=80=94on an average=E2=80=\n=94as\nhappy as they would have been normally.", "chunk_index": 33, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 650, "length_words": 108 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_34", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The same will be true\nfor many of the hurriedly contracted marriages in 1946 and 1947.\nThese studies substantiate the fact that much greater likelihood\nof mismating exists when marriages are hastily contracted, and especially\nwhen contracted at a time of high emotional excitement.\nAs this book is written one marriage in five is ending in divorce=E2=80=\n=94and\nas we get further into the postwar years the rate will probably\n[27]\nrise to at least one failure in every four marriages. Furthermore, if\nthe long-range trends continue the divorce rate will be one divorce\nfor every two marriages by 1975! Hollywood stars, and physicians\nin some states, are already close to that rate. That=E2=80=99s pretty depre=\nssing\nto contemplate when you consider that fifteen years ago the rate was\none failure in fourteen marriages.\nPerhaps the one encouraging aspect of the growing male shortage\nis that it may slow down the divorce rate. Divorces occur most frequently\nwhen men are plentiful.", "chunk_index": 34, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_35", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "When men are scarce women tend\nto hang on to what they have and need to be provoked before they\nwill fly off to Reno.\nWhy is the divorce rate rising at such an ominous rate? Admittedly\nthere are deeper reasons than the war for the trend. Civilization,\nin becoming more complex, puts greater strains and stresses on\nmarriage. Unhappy married couples are not held together as much\nas they used to be by fears inspired by hell-and-damnation religion.\nOur movies and soap operas present marriage in a fantastically\nunreal light. Finally, it seems that our standards for marriage\nhappiness are now so low that people assume a couple is happy as\nlong as the husband doesn=E2=80=99t beat his wife openly.\nYou may be interested to know that all the trends indicate that\nmore divorced men remarry than do divorced women. In spite of\nthe fact that each divorce separates a couple, in 1940 there were\ntwice as many feminine divorcees who had not remarried as there\nwere unmarried male divorces.", "chunk_index": 35, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_36", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The records also disclose the interesting\nfact that only about ten per cent of the women getting divorces\nask alimony, and that only six per cent get it.\nYour chances of getting a mate you will like are even affected by\nyour sex. If you are a girl your chances are not as good as if you\nwere a man. This is largely due to the fact that a girl cannot gracefully\ntake the initiative in stalking a mate who looks attractive to\nher. Women enjoy being pursued, but men still don=E2=80=99t! They don=E2=80=\n=99t\nwant anything that seems too easy to win. If the woman takes the\ninitiative=E2=80=94at least if she takes it conspicuously=E2=80=94the world=\nwill\nthink her aggressive, and unladylike. She will be thought =E2=80=9Ccommon,=\n=E2=80=9D\nfor instance, if she goes to the phone and asks a boy for a date or if\n[28]\nshe proposes marriage. Despite the progress of feminine emancipation\nduring this century, and especially during World War II, this\nis still a man=E2=80=99s world.", "chunk_index": 36, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_37", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And probably feminism will be on the\ndefensive after the war when the veterans return and many of the\nwomen will be expected to retire gracefully to the kitchens. At any\nrate, our present moral standards apparently make it much more\ndifficult for a girl to win some possible mate who interests her than\nit is for a man.\nFew of our younger people realize it but there are also a host of\nother factors that often limit the number of acceptable mates they\nare able to choose from.\nMarriage counselors use the phrase =E2=80=9Cassortative mating=E2=80=9D =\nto describe\nthe way two people of the opposite sex pair up on the basis\nof being pretty much like each other and living in much the same\nneighborhood. The term was first used to describe the way animals\nmate on the basis of similar size and color.\nToday=E2=80=99s men and girls often set up criteria in selecting a mate\nthat narrow their possible choices more than they realize.", "chunk_index": 37, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 930, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_38", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A man\noften has some pretty specific ideas on the kind of girl he wants to\nmarry, and the girl has similar ideas about her husband-to-be. The\nchances of a person getting a mate he will like becomes less and less\nas he raises his qualifications.\nIn the early days of American life, when civilization was much\nsimpler than it is today=E2=80=94and when people differed less in their\nsocial and economic status=E2=80=94a girl or man usually could find among\nfive acquaintances someone suitable for marriage. The situation is\ndecidedly different today. One authority in this field estimates that\na girl, for example, needs to know twenty or twenty-five young men\nin order that she may have sufficient range to find someone eligible\nfor her needs.\nLet=E2=80=99s look at some of the little-considered factors that limit y=\nour\nchoice.\nHow Old Must Your Mate Be? Many people who are looking for\na mate think it is bad for the bride to be older than the groom.", "chunk_index": 38, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 951, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_39", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The\ngirl is especially sensitive about this because she feels she may be\n[29]\nlosing prestige. Actually such marriages usually turn out to be happier\nthan average because the girl is usually more eager to prove\nherself a good wife and is less apt to be a clinging vine; but that\ndoesn=E2=80=99t change the fact that some people still frown on such marria=\nges.\nSociety also frowns on matches where there is a great difference\nin age. For example marriages where the man is ten years older are\nviewed with alarm. For reasons not too well understood, marriages\nin which the husband is from four to seven years older than his bride\nare less happy than those involving any other age differences.", "chunk_index": 39, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 691, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_40", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "However,\nif the man is eight or more years older, no special handicap\nseems to be involved.\nTaken as a whole the happiest=E2=80=94and most socially approved=E2=80=\n=94marriages\nare those in which the man is one to two years older.\nHow Educated Must Your Mate Be?=\nAll the studies that have\nbeen made of marriage show that as one=E2=80=99s educational level rises,\nan individual tends more and more to make a rational=E2=80=94and less\nemotional=E2=80=94choice of a mate. The educated man has a greater range\nof choice than the educated woman, because he is much more\nwilling to marry under his educational level whereas a woman=E2=80=94again\nfor reasons of prestige=E2=80=94is usually reluctant to do so. If she\ngoes to college, she feels she has no choice but to restrict her selection\nto college men. By so confining herself and by leading a more\ncloistered life than her cousin who never went past high school,\na college girl definitely reduces her chances of marrying.", "chunk_index": 40, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_41", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Whereas\nin the past nearly ninety per cent of our women have married, it\nis estimated that only about seventy-five per cent of college women\nhave married!\nHow Much Money Must Your Mate H=\nave?\nIf you have money\nyourself or have it in your family you are more apt to make a hard-headed\nchoice for a mate than one who has little money. He will\nmarry more spontaneously. If you think back you may remember\nthat during the depression of 1929-33 people of high economic status\npostponed marrying until more stable times whereas the people with\n[30]\nsmall incomes went right on marrying, if they could possibly manage\nit.\nGenerally people tend to marry pretty much into their own economic\nclass. The girl who was raised in the poor section of town\nand is now working as a sales clerk in a five-and-ten store may\nyearn to marry a sophisticated man from a wealthy family, but that\nis not the kind of mate she needs.", "chunk_index": 41, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 907, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_42", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is doubtful that she could be\nhappy with him because their differences are too great.\nThere are exceptions, of course. Occasionally we all read about,\nand cheer, a news report of a modern Cinderella but we usually\nfrown when we read of the opposite: of a rich girl marrying a poor\nman. That somehow seems abnormal to us. The girl may lose caste.\nA man of moderate means who himself married a debutante expressed\nhis views on such arrangements however when he said to us:\n=E2=80=9CNever marry for money.", "chunk_index": 42, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 505, "length_words": 90 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_43", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But it=E2=80=99s just as easy to fall in lo=\nve with a\nrich girl!=E2=80=9D\nHow About the Mate=E2=80=99s Na=\ntional Background and Religion?\nAre you an American of Italian extraction who would not consider\nmarrying a girl of Swedish background? Or are you a Catholic\nwho would not think of marrying anyone but another Catholic?\nYou may have good reasons for your exclusiveness but the fact\nremains that your field has been narrowed.\nHow Is Your Job Affecting Your =\nProspects?\nPeople tend to marry\nmates who live conveniently near and who have similar interests.\n(About a fifth of all married couples meet each other at work.)\nA school teacher, for example, is much more likely to know school\nteachers of the opposite sex than to know physicians of the opposite\nsex. Yet many occupations are such that far more of one sex enter\nthem than is true of the other.", "chunk_index": 43, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 858, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_44", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For example, there are normally\nnearly five women teachers to one man teacher; seven or eight\nfeminine librarians to one male librarian; some twenty-five or thirty\nwomen in nursing to each man in somewhat similar work. Is it any\nwonder that the rate of marriage among school teachers, librarians\nand among nurses is much lower than average? Girls who choose\n[31]\nnursing for a career cut their marriage prospects by at least 50\npercent.\nFinally, How Is Geography Affec=\nting Your Prospects for Mates?\nThough the conditions of World War II broadened the matrimonial\nhorizon of many men and girls as they moved about the\ncountry the fact remains that location is an important factor in confining\nthe choice of millions of people.\nIn a study of several thousand marriages in Philadelphia it was\ndiscovered that four out of five young people there selected their\nmates from within their own city.", "chunk_index": 44, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_45", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In one out of three of the marriages\nthe couple had lived within five blocks of each other before\nmarriage.\nLooking at the country as a whole, some towns and sections offer\nbetter marriage prospects than others. This is a little known fact.\nFor example, the cities of New England offer the poorest possibilities\nfor young women to marry of any section of the country. This\nis mainly because the textile industries in that area attract so many\nmore women than men. Of the thirty United States cities offering\nthe poorest opportunities for marriage for women, twenty-two are\nin New England.", "chunk_index": 45, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 588, "length_words": 101 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_46", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And of the thirty offering the best opportunities\nfor women, about half are in Michigan, Ohio and Northern Indiana,\nwhere the automotive industries=E2=80=94which attract far more men\nthan women=E2=80=94are located.\nIt is interesting to note that during World War II the marriage\nrate increased very rapidly in areas with new war industries requiring\na great number of men=E2=80=94shipbuilding, aircraft, metal working.\nIn Baltimore, the marriage rate went up nearly forty per cent; in\nHartford, important in aviation, it went up twenty-five per cent.\nAreas that consistently favor girls by providing a surplus of eligible\nmen are the Far West and the Southwest, particularly Texas.\nThe Deep South is much less favorable.\nWhere does your state stand on the ratio of eligible men to eligible\nwomen? The typical American male marries at about twenty-five\nand a half and the typical female at twenty-two and a half, or about\n[32]\nthree years earlier.", "chunk_index": 46, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_47", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Thus perhaps the fairest comparison would be\nto take the single men between twenty-three and twenty-eight and\nthe single women between twenty and twenty-five. The following\ntable shows how each state rates in such a comparison. It is based\non the 1940 census.\nNUMBER OF SINGLE WHITE MALES 23-28 YEARS OLD FOR EAC=\nH\n100 SINGLE WHITE FEMALES 20-25 YEARS OLD\nNevada\n177.21\nIndiana\n97.96\nWyoming\n164.66\nGeorgia\n97.56\nIdaho\n130.61\nIllinois\n95.42\nCalifornia\n128.01\nMinnesota\n95.41\nArizona\n127.09\nDelaware\n94.29\nMontana\n125.49\nMissouri\n94.28\nWashington\n121.78\nMississippi\n94.20\nDist.", "chunk_index": 47, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 577, "length_words": 90 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_48", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "of Col.\n119.20\nMaine\n93.20\nOregon\n116.82\nAlabama\n93.17\nNew Mexico\n113.19\nIowa\n91.83\nFlorida\n111.39\nNew Jersey\n91.12\nTexas\n109.17\nOhio\n90.92\nVermont\n107.50\nNew York\n90.46\nVirginia\n106.64\nPennsylvania\n90.17\nMaryland\n106.18\nTennessee\n90.03\nNorth Dakota\n105.76\nNebraska\n89.56\nColorado\n102.59\nUtah\n89.23\nMichigan\n101.68\nNew Hampshire\n89.14\nLouisiana\n101.61\nKansas\n88.66\nKentucky\n100.98\nConnecticut\n88.57\nWisconsin\n100.82\nSouth Carolina\n87.55\nArkansas\n99.24\nNorth Carolina\n86.35\nWest Virginia\n99.12\nMassachusetts\n83.25\nSouth Dakota\n98.32\nRhode Island\n82.61\nOklahoma\n97.99\nNevada leads the list as the paradise for girls since there=\nare 177\nmen there for each 100 girls. At the other end of the scale Rhode\nIsland is over-populated with females (due to its many textile mills)\nand so is an unpromising place for girls to find a mate but a fine\nplace for men.", "chunk_index": 48, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 852, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_49", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There are one hundred girls for every eighty-three\nmen.\nNotice that all of the first nine states offering the best possibilities\nfor girls are in the West, and that the five most favorable states for\nmen are in the East. Perhaps the old slogan =E2=80=9CGo West, young man,\n[33]\ngo West=E2=80=9D might be revised to read =E2=80=9CGo East, young man; go W=\nest,\nyoung woman.=E2=80=9D\nThere is another age range that needs consideration. That is, the\ngroups who have not married by the time most people marry. These\ngroups are the men between thirty and thirty-five and girls between\ntwenty-five and thirty. Both these groups need to get busy because\nthey face a very definite possibility of becoming crusty old bachelors\nor disgruntled spinsters. Since men past thirty tend to marry women\nwho are more than three years younger than themselves it might\nbe valid to compare the number of girls twenty-five to thirty to the\nmen thirty to thirty-five.", "chunk_index": 49, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_50", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Here again the West is the great land of\nopportunity for girls while the Carolinas and the New England\ntextile states are still less inviting to girls.", "chunk_index": 50, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 151, "length_words": 27 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_51", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "One interesting thing is\nthat in the Southern states of Kentucky, Virginia and Louisiana a\ngirl=E2=80=99s ratio is pretty favorable up to twenty-five years but after =\nthat\nthey become definitely\nnot\ngood places to find a husband.\nIf we take all single men as a whole and compare them to the\nsingle women, without regard to age, here is how the states seem to\nshape up:\nThe Ten Best for Women\nan=\nd Poorest for Men\nThe Ten Poorest for Women\nand Be=\nst for Men\nWyoming\nMassachusetts\nMontana\nRhode Island\nIdaho\nConnecticut\nWashington\nNew Hampshire\nArizona\nNew Jersey\nCalifornia\nNew York\nNorth Dakota\nPennsylvania\nOregon\nOhio\nSouth Dakota\nNorth Carolina\nNevada\nMissouri\nOf the ten best states for women all are west of the Missis=\nsippi,\nand of the best states for men all but one is east of the Mississippi.\nWhile the states themselves are pretty good guides as to where to\ngo to pick a mate, the location within a particular state may be of\neven greater importance.", "chunk_index": 51, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_52", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For example, in Virginia, Norfolk rates as\na fine place for a girl to find a husband but Richmond rates way\n[34]\ndown the scale. Here is a comparison of the number of white, single\ngirls in the twenty-five to thirty age group and of the white, single\nmen aged thirty to thirty-five in our 106 cities having a population\nof fifty thousand or more. (In such a comparison, incidentally, virtually\nall of our cities show a surplus of older girls over older men\nwhen those two age groups are compared. Here, however, we are\ninterested only in the\nrelative\ndesirability of cities.)\nThe Twenty Best Cities for\nWomen=\nand Poorest for Men\n(in order)\nThe Twenty Poorest Cities for\nWo=\nmen and Best for Men\n(in order)\nSan Diego, Cal.\nMadison, Wis.\nSan Francisco, Cal.\nLincoln, Neb.\nNorfolk, Va.\nDes Moines, Ia.\nMiami, Fla.\nJackson, Miss.\nLong Beach, Cal.\nEvanston, Ill.\nLos Angeles, Cal.\nMinneapolis, Minn.\nPhoenix, Ariz.\nWichita, Kans.\nOakland, Cal.\nSt.", "chunk_index": 52, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_53", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Paul, Minn.\nTacoma, Wash.\nNashville, Tenn.\nSacramento, Cal.\nWinston-Salem, N. C.\nSan Antonio, Tex.\nKnoxville, Tenn.\nHouston, Tex.\nGrand Rapids, Mich.\nDetroit, Mich.\nFort Wayne, Ind.\nBaltimore, Md.\nSalt Lake City, Utah\nPueblo, Colo.\nNew Haven, Conn.\nPeoria, Ill.\nOmaha, Nebr.\nMobile, Ala.\nCleveland, Ohio\nTrenton, N.", "chunk_index": 53, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 315, "length_words": 47 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_54", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "J.\nSpringfield, Ill.\nJacksonville, Fla.\nMontgomery, Ala.\nColumbus, Ga.\nHartford, Conn.\nGirls on farms and in small towns may fret to get to the bi=\ng cities\nbut their chances of marrying will be better in their rural communities,\nwhere there are 104 men for every hundred women, than in the\ncities where the ratio is ninety-six men per hundred girls.\nWomen=E2=80=99s colleges and all-male colleges may have their advantages\neducationally but they can deprive you of the chance for normal\ncontacts with the opposite sex, and thus reduce your chances of\nmarrying.\n[35]\nTo get a fairly accurate idea of just what your marriage expectancy\nis, considering all factors, you should take the test reproduced with\nthis chapter on =E2=80=9CWhat Is Your Marriage Expectancy?=E2=80=9D\nIf your expectancy rating is low do not become pessimistic. That=E2=80=\n=99s\nthe worst thing that could happen. Rather decide what you want in\na mate ... find where such a mate exists ...", "chunk_index": 54, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_55", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "establish friendships\nthat will lead to introductions ... make yourself attractive to possible\nmates by studying their wants and needs and appearing to fill\nthem. This is a formula that will get almost anyone a mate if he or\nshe really wants one.\nWHAT IS YOUR EXPECTANCY OF MARRIAGE?\nThis test should show pretty clearly whether your chances of marrying\nare good, or not so good.", "chunk_index": 55, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 379, "length_words": 66 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_56", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Be honest with yourself.\n1.\nDo you sometimes compliment a person, ev=\nen though it is not deserved?\nYes\nNo\n2.\nDo you prefer =E2=80=9Cdifferent=E2=80=\n=9D or unconventional people?\nYes\nNo\n3.\nDo you often become involved in heated a=\nrguments?\nYes\nNo\n4.\nAre you a good dancer and a good mixer?<=\n/td>\nYes\nNo\n5.\nDo your parents generally like the peopl=\ne you date?\nYes\nNo\n6.\nDo your good friends include both men an=\nd women of about your own age?\nYes\nNo\n7.\nDo you take an active part in two or mor=\ne sports such as tennis, swimming, golf or bowling?\nYes\nNo\n8.\nDo you seem to get about your share of i=\nnvitations to mixed parties?\nYes\nNo\n9.\nDo you and your dates frequently spend y=\nour evenings with other couples?\nYes\nNo\n10.\nHave you ever had a chance to become eng=\naged?\nYes\nNo\n11.\nDo you seem to make a pretty good first =\nimpression?\nYes\nNo\n12.\nDo you weigh between 100 and 140 if a gi=\nrl and 130 and 180 if a man?\nYes\nNo\n13.\nAre you generally in good health?\nYes\nNo\n14.\n[36]<=\n/span>\nIs your home cheerful and open to all of=\nyour friends?\nYes\nNo\n15.\nHave you\nmet\nat least 20 member=\ns of the opposite sex in the past three years who seemed like conceivable m=\narriage risks?\nYes\nNo\n16.\nDo your friends visit you frequently?\nYes\nNo\n17.\nDo you live in a town or area that seems=\nto have as many young people of the opposite sex as it has of your own?\nYes\nNo\n18.\nDo you usually get along with the parent=\ns of the people you date?\nYes\nNo\n19.\nAre you under 27 if a girl and under 30 =\nif a man?\nYes\nNo\n20.\nDo your friends seem to think of you as =\ncheerful and sociable?\nYes\nNo\n21.\nDo you visit other towns three or four t=\nimes a year?\nYes\nNo\n22.\nWhen you meet someone you know, do you u=\nsually speak first?\nYes\nNo\n23.\nDo you usually remember names and faces =\nof people you meet?\nYes\nNo\n24.\nDo you like to entertain a date at home?=\nYes\nNo\n25.\nAre you friendly or affectionate with pe=\nrsons you like?\nYes\nNo\n26.\nWould you marry a person three years you=\nnger or older than you are?\nYes\nNo\n27.\nDo you date fairly often?\nYes\nNo\n28.\nAre you a good listener?\nYes\nNo\n29.\nDo you find it easy to talk to strangers=\n?\nYes\nNo\n30.\nIs your voice pleasing and modulated?\nYes\nNo\n31.\nDo you frequent places where members of =\nthe opposite sex are?\nYes\nNo\n32.\nDo you like to watch baseball, football =\nor boxing?\nYes\nNo\n33.\nHave you =E2=80=9Cgone steady=E2=80=9D w=\nith two or more persons?\nYes\nNo\n34.\n[37]<=\n/span>\nIf a girl do you live west of the Missis=\nsippi or if a man do you live in the East?\nYes\nNo\nThe correct answer to the first three questions is\nno=\nem>, and to all the\nremaining thirty-one questions\nyes\n.", "chunk_index": 56, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 2613, "length_words": 542 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_57", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you answered twenty-five or=\nmore\nof the questions correctly then you have a high =E2=80=9Cexpectancy=E2=80=\n=9D rating. If\nyou answered only eight or less of them correctly then your chances of\nmarrying are definitely poor unless you take action to improve your\neligibility.\n[38]\nChapter III\nAre You Ready for Married Love?\nThe answer to this question is deceptively simple. Yo=\nu are ready if\nyou are old enough. But how old are you?\nThere are several yardsticks besides the calendar for measuring\nyour age. Educators enjoy telling the story of the wise young orphan.\nWhen a sweet old lady leaned over and asked him his age the\nyoung man removed his glasses, polished them thoughtfully for a\nminute and then replied:\n=E2=80=9CMy psychological age, Madam, is twelve years; my moral age is\nten years; my social age is eight years; my anatomical and physiological\nages are respectively six and seven; but I have not been\ninformed of my chronological age.", "chunk_index": 57, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 956, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_58", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "That, I understand, is a matter\nof comparative insignificance.=E2=80=9D\nWhen we ask you if you are old enough to marry, we mean\nmature enough. And maturity, as it bears on your readiness for\nmarriage, can be measured in at least five ways: physiological, mental,\nvocational, sexual and emotional maturity. By these standards\nsome people are not old enough to marry when they are thirty-five!\nHow Old Are You Physiologically?\nThe adoles=\ncence of the early\nteens is characterized by rapid bodily growth=E2=80=94growth in height,\nweight and sexual development. By eighteen, however, you are\nnearly as tall as you will ever be. Sexual growth, while not complete\n(especially for a girl), has reached a point where reproduction is\npossible. General growth slows down considerably and by twenty-four\nhas just about stopped. For purposes of marriage the average\nperson is =E2=80=9Cmature=E2=80=9D physiologically by the age of twenty.", "chunk_index": 58, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_59", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Bu=\nt some\nrequire more time, because of glandular disturbances.\n[39]\nHow Old Are You Mentally?\nWe do not mean what is your I.Q.,\nwhich is a measure of your capacity to learn, but rather the accumulation\nof your learning. In short, how wise are you? Normally a\nperson must live twenty-one or twenty-two years before he has seen\nenough of life through schooling and practical experience to take\non the responsibilities that go with marriage. If you have led a\nsheltered or one-sided life it will probably take longer.\nHow Old Are You Vocationally?=\nspan> A man, certainly, is not mature\nuntil he has established that he can earn a living. A college degree,\na license to practice medicine, to teach, or to practice barbering are\nnot enough.", "chunk_index": 59, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 738, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_60", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There must be a successful work record and that cannot\nbe present until a person has used his vocational knowledge to\nmake a living for a period of not less than one year.\nOnce it was thought that girls needed no special training vocationally\nbut that notion is pretty well outdated now. Modern women\nlike to feel independent, and frequently their ability to earn money\nis called into use. Perhaps the husband is a disabled war veteran, or\nperhaps the wife feels she needs a career to earn money.", "chunk_index": 60, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 496, "length_words": 89 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_61", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "At the\nleast, the girl entering marriage should already be capable of managing\na home=E2=80=94and that requires skill and knowledge that can=E2=80=99t\nbe learned in a night club.\nSince some occupations require many more years of education\nand training than others, vocational maturity can fall anywhere\nbetween eighteen and twenty-six, but for most people it doesn=E2=80=99t com=\ne\nuntil about the age of twenty-two.\nHow Old Are You Sexually?\nSexual maturity implies far more\nthan the ability to beget or bear a child. Most morons can do this.\nSexual maturity is largely determined by childhood and it is something\nmost people either have or don=E2=80=99t have.\nA youngster who was reared by parents who were well balanced\nemotionally, who were ready listeners to his problems, who explained\ncomprehensively the magic and mystery of sex functions\nto him, will usually be ready to face the problems of sexual adolescence.\nDuring adolescence he will be subjected to many strains.", "chunk_index": 61, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_62", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He\nwill undergo many glandular changes and begin to have sexual\n[40]\ncapacity. The reproductive apparatus approaches maturity between\nthe ages of twelve and fourteen. The boy has emissions. The girl\nbegins to menstruate. Both often are disturbed or even frightened\nby these new functions, unless the parent has been wise enough to\nprepare them for the changes.\nDuring adolescence they start =E2=80=9Cdating,=E2=80=9D which at first i=\ns done\nself-consciously and awkwardly.", "chunk_index": 62, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 473, "length_words": 72 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_63", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Their state of mind is made more\nnervous if the parents tease or ridicule these first steps in courting.\nWhen the boy and girl emerge from adolescence about the age\nof eighteen, they have achieved sexual maturity if all has gone well.\nIf so:\n=E2=80=94There is freedom from repression and inhibitions concerning sex=\n.\n=E2=80=94There is no disgust or aversion as far as sex is concerned.\n=E2=80=94Likewise there is no\nabnormal\ncuriosity or longing for=\nsexual information\nor experience.\n=E2=80=94He or she may still be shy or self-conscious at first when in t=\nhe\npresence of someone of the opposite sex but both soon get over it when\nthey find activities to share.", "chunk_index": 63, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 664, "length_words": 113 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_64", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This is normally easy because by eighteen\nyoungsters have acquired skill in dancing, card playing, sports, hobbies,\nand conversing.\nIf by eighteen or twenty a person hasn=E2=80=99t acquired sexual maturit=\ny\nin the sense described, it might be a good idea to consult a marriage\ncounseling bureau, a college psycho-educational clinic, a psychologist\nor some other person trained in helping normal people achieve\nnormal adjustments.\nHow Old Are You Emotionally? This is by far the most significant\nof all your ages in determining your readiness to marry! Most\nof the research on marriage indicates that people who lack =E2=80=9Cemotion=\nal\nmaturity=E2=80=9D rarely achieve a happy marriage.\nWhat is emotional maturity, you may ask? It=E2=80=99s a state of mind\nthat includes ability to get along with people ... ability to find\nsatisfaction and reward in work ... ability to recognize and solve\nproblems which involve your relations with others ...", "chunk_index": 64, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_65", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "and finally\nit includes freedom from instability and neuroticism.\nAs in sexual maturity (which is closely related to emotional maturity)\n[41]\nthe first ten years of life are apparently the most important\nin determining if you will be emotionally stable. Certainly by the age\nof eighteen a person should have a pretty firm hold on his emotions.\nIf he has not acquired such balance by twenty-one or twenty-two\nthe outlook is not too promising, and he should deliberately set out\nto achieve better control of himself.\nA stenographer of twenty-four came to the Penn State Marriage\nCounseling Service for advice after she had had a dozen promiscuous\naffairs with men. She came from a broken home where her parents\nhad taken only an erratic interest in her and she showed serious\nsigns of emotional instability, as do virtually all promiscuous\ngirls and men.\nHere is the verbatim report that was written on Sandra.", "chunk_index": 65, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 908, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_66", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It provides\na classic picture of emotional instability:\nSandra feels inferior, does many unconventional things, has few\nstandards or ideals. Badly maladjusted, she flits from one boy to another,\nseeking new thrills. Quite promiscuous and highly sexed, she has had\nsexual affairs with 12 or 13 men. Somewhat popular while in college,\nwith attractive face and nice figure, she was dated by many boys, none\nof whom even went with her for more than four dates.", "chunk_index": 66, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 456, "length_words": 76 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_67", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Easily persuaded\nto any course of action, she could readily excuse any breach of behavior.\nChangeable and selfish, but anxious to be known as a =E2=80=9CCampus Queen,=\n=E2=80=9D\nshe openly sought dates and a sort of dubious and short-lived popularity.=\np>\nBecause of her instability, total lack of standards, ideals and morals,\nand her selfishness and shallowness, she is unlikely to marry unless she\ncatches a rich =E2=80=9Csucker.=E2=80=9D She is in six =E2=80=9Cdanger zone=\ns=E2=80=9D on her Audit Profile.\nMay the Lord help the poor man who is inveigled into marriage.", "chunk_index": 67, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 573, "length_words": 91 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_68", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "No boy\nhas ever proposed marriage to her, a fact that has hurt her vanity.\nTo pin emotional maturity down more specifically, here side by\nside are eight traits, one or more of which are frequently noted in\npersons who are considered =E2=80=9Cemotionally immature,=E2=80=9D and eigh=\nt\nnoted in mature persons.\nIMMATURE\nMATURE\n1.\nIs aggressive and domineering.\n1.\nGets along with people.\n2.\nIs rebellious and =E2=80=9Cbullheaded.=E2=80=9D\n2.\nHas satisfying home life.\n3.\nIs full of hates and prejudices.\n3.\nProfits from his mistakes.\n[42]\n4.\nIs often victim of illusions.\n4.\nIs successful in his work.\n5.\nHas many phobias, inhibitions.\n5.\nRespects authority and customs.\n6.\nIs victim of imaginary pains, stuttering,\nhysteria,=\ntremors, insomnia.\n6.\nHe faces his problems.\n7.\nIs high-strung.\n7.\nAccepts responsibility for own acts.\n8.\nIs often indecisive and anxious.\n8.\nHe is consistent and predictable.\nA person can be emotionally unstable and not show all of th=\nose\nsymptoms but he undoubtedly will show some of them.\nWhat can anyone do to improve his control over his emotions, and\nthus achieve greater emotional maturity? Here are a few suggestions:\n=E2=80=94\nTry to look at yourself objectively.\nTry to do so espe=\ncially in connection\nwith your relations with others.", "chunk_index": 68, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1273, "length_words": 208 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_69", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Are you reasonable rather than\nprejudiced? Can you recognize that a man may be a fine person even\nthough he is a Republican or a Democrat, that he is a good person even\nthough he may be a Protestant or a Catholic? Do you honestly try to\nmake decisions on the basis of facts rather than on the basis of feelings,\nor imaginary facts that are more agreeable to you? Sit down every few\nweeks and try deliberately to look at yourself as others must see you.\nWould you like yourself if you were someone else?\n=E2=80=94\nLearn to laugh at yourself.\nThe person who can laugh a=\nt himself,\nor who can laugh at the things he loves and continue to love them, is\nthe person who is most likely to have insight into himself. And that\ninsight is important in emotional maturity. If you have a sense of the\nridiculous you can see fun in many of your own activities, and in doing\nso are able to relax and feel happy. You learn to laugh at your troubles,\nyet at the same time do your best to improve the situation.", "chunk_index": 69, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 192 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_70", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This ability\nto see the ridiculous side acts as a cushion and helps you maintain your\nstability, even when things are most exasperating.\n=E2=80=94\nSet up a confidential relationship with some other person.<=\n/em> Telling\nyour problems to another person helps you define the problem in your\nown mind, it furnishes relief from the tensions you have built up, and\nit brings another person=E2=80=99s point of view into the picture. One of t=\nhe\nbiggest single values in marriage is the fact that it provides husband\nand wife a confidant in each other, and gives them the confidential relatio=\nnship\nthat is so important to mental integration.\n[43]\n=E2=80=94\nSeek work that satisfies you.\nNothing will prevent you=\nfrom getting\na hold on your emotions more than being confined every day to work\nthat is disagreeable to you. If you find it is uninteresting or doesn=E2=80=\n=99t\nchallenge you or doesn=E2=80=99t offer any opportunity as a stepping stone =\nto\nmore challenging work, change jobs.", "chunk_index": 70, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_71", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But do it intelligently, because the\nperson who is a frequent job-jumper is not a good marriage risk.\nRecently we talked to a man who is forty-four years of age. He\nhad been divorced once, is now unhappily living with a second wife,\nwants to divorce her and marry a third woman. His job record\nshows that he has held thirty-nine different jobs in his life. Is it any\nwonder that he is unlikely to find happiness or stability in life? He\ndoes not know what he wants, can=E2=80=99t learn from experience, and is\npursuing a will-o=E2=80=99-the-wisp.\n=E2=80=94\nWhen you have a problem face it squarely.\nDefine the p=\nroblem, get\nall the facts, and line up alternative solutions in case the first course i=\nsn=E2=80=99t\nsuccessful. Many people seem incapable of defining their problems. When\nthey are faced with a frustrating situation, they frequently are unable\nto vary their attack upon it.", "chunk_index": 71, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 888, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_72", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "When a girl can=E2=80=99t get her way she cri=\nes.\nCrying may bring her some reduction of tension, but it does not solve\nthe problem. The emotionally mature person can keep his head, figure\nout something to do, but the immature person gives up or cries or gets\ndrunk.\nWe have devoted so much more space to your emotional age than\nto the other four ages=E2=80=94physiological, mental, vocational and sexual=\n=E2=80=94because\nit is so fundamental to marriage success.", "chunk_index": 72, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 465, "length_words": 78 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_73", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you find after\nreading this chapter you want to know more about developing your\nown maturity, you will find further suggestions in the chapters\n=E2=80=9CGetting Along with the Other Sex,=E2=80=9D =E2=80=9CAttracting the=\nOne You\nWant,=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9CCrucial Traits for Marriage Happiness.=E2=80=9D=\nWhen all the five =E2=80=9Cages=E2=80=9D are taken into consideration it=\nwould\nseem that a girl should not consider marriage until she is at least\nnineteen or twenty and the man should not before he is twenty-one\nor twenty-two. Those are minimum ages for normal men and girls.\nThose who develop slower than average in any of the five ages\nshould try to wait a year or two longer before deciding about marriage.\n[44]\nARE YOU OLD ENOUGH TO MARRY?\nYour chronological age is not as important as some of your other ages\nin determining whether you are ready for marriage.", "chunk_index": 73, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 875, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_74", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The informal check\nbelow may give you a rough idea of your maturity for marriage.\nPhysiological Maturity\nAre you 20 years old or older?\nYes\nNo\nAre you in general good health?\nYes\nNo\nAs far as you know is your glandular bal=\nance normal?\nYes\nNo\nMental Maturity\nDid you finish the eighth grade without =\nrepeating more than one grade?\nYes\nNo\nDo you read the news daily?\nYes\nNo\nBy age 20 had you completed at least two=\nyears of college or earned your own living for 2 years?\nYes\nNo\nVocational Maturity\nAre you prepared by education or experie=\nnce to make a living in a specific occupation, or in managing a home?  =\n;\nYes\nNo\nHave you attained your 22d birthday?\nYes\nNo\nDo you have a job doing work for which y=\nou have prepared?\nYes\nNo\nSexual Maturity\nHave you been dating at least once a mon=\nth since age 16?\nYes\nNo\nAre your attitudes toward sex free from =\ndisgust or aversion?\nYes\nNo\nWere your parents easy to talk to about =\nsex?\nYes\nNo\nEmotional Maturity\nDo you get along well with people?\nYes\nNo\nDo you trust people and do they trust yo=\nu?\nYes\nNo\nDo you usually do today what is supposed=\nto be done today?\nYes\nNo\nGive yourself one point for each\nyes\nanswer.", "chunk_index": 74, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1169, "length_words": 231 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_75", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You s=\nhould have a total\nscore of at least twelve and should have no less than two\nyes\nansw=\ners in\neach category if you are to be judged old enough to marry.\nARE YOU GROWN UP EMOTIONALLY?\nMore than almost anything else, your rating on =E2=80=9Cemotional maturi=\nty=E2=80=9D\nreveals your chances of achieving a happy marriage. Here is a more detailed\ntest of your rating on this crucial trait.", "chunk_index": 75, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 394, "length_words": 71 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_76", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Answer\nyes\nonly if you\nare sure.\n[45]\n1.\nCan you accept criticism without having =\nyour feelings hurt?\nYes\nNo\n2.\nAre you normally free from jealousy?\nYes\nNo\n3.\nWhen you have differences with people ca=\nn you usually work out compromises that satisfy you and don=E2=80=99t leave=\nhard feelings?\nYes\nNo\n4.\nDo you behave yourself because it seems =\nthe natural thing to do and not because you fear the consequences of misbeh=\naving?\nYes\nNo\n5.\nDo you think most people are honest, dec=\nent and worth while?\nYes\nNo\n6.\nAre you happy most of the time=E2=80=94a=\nnd free from violent emotional outbursts?\nYes\nNo\n7.\nBefore beginning a new project or making=\na final decision do you honestly weigh the arguments for and against it?=\ntd>\nYes\nNo\n8.\nCan you be away from the place you live =\nfor a month without getting homesick?\nYes\nNo\n9.\nDo you willingly abide by established au=\nthority and the customs of your community?\nYes\nNo\n10.\nCan you make your own personal decisions=\nwithout depending on friends and relatives to help you make up your mind?<=\n/td>\nYes\nNo\n11.\nAre you free from vague aches, nail biti=\nng, flustered stammering?\nYes\nNo\n12.\nCan you postpone something you want to d=\no now in order to have greater enjoyment later?\nYes\nNo\n13.\nAre you living zestfully in the present =\ninstead of bragging about past deeds?\nYes\nNo\n14.\nDo you go to sleep easily and normally s=\nlumber without nightmares?\nYes\nNo\n15.\nDo you get along well with your parents,=\nrelatives, and close friends?\nYes\nNo\n16.\nWhen things go wrong do you find the cau=\nse and correct\n[46]\nit instead of blaming others or lamenting your bad break=\ns?\nYes\nNo\n17.\nAre you living up to the responsibilitie=\ns which go along with the privileges given to you?\nYes\nNo\n18.\nHave you friends among both sexes, some =\nolder and some younger than you are?\nYes\nNo\nIf you honestly answered\nyes\nto fourteen of these =\nor more you are\nmore mature emotionally than the average person.", "chunk_index": 76, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1931, "length_words": 362 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_77", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you answered\nyes\nto sixteen or more you should have an exceptionally good chance for a\nhappy marriage.\n[47]\nChapter IV\nIs It Love=E2=80=94or Infatuation?\n=E2=80=9CLove=E2=80=9D is unquestionably the most abu=\nsed word in the English\nlanguage. People =E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D puppies, or they =E2=80=9Clove=E2=\n=80=9D ice cream. Women\ncommonly close their letters to acquaintances with the word =E2=80=9Clove=\n=E2=80=9D\nas do all relatives when they write to one another. Boys trying to\nget a kiss from their girl friends mumble something about love.\nThat=E2=80=99s to make the giving easier for the girl.\nThen there are different kinds of genuine love. A mother loves\nher two-year-old baby just as wholeheartedly as she loves her husband.\nAnd she loves her husband now just as much as she did as a\ngirl eight years ago when she =E2=80=9Cfell=E2=80=9D in love with him, but =\nthe love\nis different. She was more misty-eyed then.", "chunk_index": 77, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_78", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "She didn=E2=80=99t realize it b=\nut\nthe earlier love was heavily flavored by sexual attraction. Now sex is\nstill present in her regard for her husband but the bond is primarily\na deep feeling of comradeship. And with the baby, of course, true\nsexual feelings are not involved at all.\nIn all three of the cases, however, she had developed a deep concern\nfor the welfare of the loved one; and in all three of the cases\nthe loved one had similar feelings of attachment to her. Right here\nyou have the gist of true love, whether parental, conjugal or romantic.\nStill, it is often difficult to know if your =E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D is t=\nhe real thing.\nTwo out of five of the girls who come to the Penn State Marriage\nCounseling Service for advice about their affairs think they are in\nlove but aren=E2=80=99t sure.\nOne girl was really confused. She reported that she was terribly\nin love with two different men at the college. One was on the\n[48]\nbasketball team. The other played in a campus orchestra.", "chunk_index": 78, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 179 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_79", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "She did\nnot know which one she loved the more and wanted to be told\nwhich to choose. Tests soon established beyond a doubt that she\nhad the warmest kind of physical feeling for both men. But the\ntests also showed that she was primarily fascinated by them as\n=E2=80=9Ccatches.=E2=80=9D She wasn=E2=80=99t actually in love with either,=\nand was so informed.\nShe was the victim of double infatuation. How can you tell love\nfrom infatuation? Dr. Henry Bowman of Stephens College offers\nthese points of distinction:=E2=80=94\nInfatuation may come suddenly but loves takes time.\nInfatuation can be based on one or two traits (usually including sex\nappeal) whereas love is based on many traits.\nIn infatuation the person is in =E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D with love, wherea=\ns in love, the\nperson is in love with another person.\nIn infatuation the other person is thought of as a separate entity and\nemployed for self-gratification.", "chunk_index": 79, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_80", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In real love there is a feeling of identit=\ny\nwith the other person.\nInfatuation produces feelings of insecurity and wishful thinking\nwhereas love produces a sense of security.\nIn infatuation you suffer loss of ambition, appetite, etc., whereas in\nlove you work and plan to please the other person.\nThe physical element is much more important in infatuation than in\nlove.\nInfatuation may change quickly but love lasts.\nIn general you can be surer that it is really love if it has developed\nover a period of time rather than if it comes all of a sudden.\nBut, you may ask, how about those couples who are =E2=80=9Cmeant for\neach other=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9Cfell in love at first sight.=E2=80=9D Both=\nare nice romantic\nnotions, but both have little validity in fact.\nThere is\nno\none person in the world for anyone. We don=E2=80=99=\nt expect\nhappily married couples or happily engaged couples to believe that\nbut all the evidence indicates it is true.", "chunk_index": 80, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 948, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_81", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There are hundreds, indeed\nthousands, of people that you could fall in love with and be happily\nmarried to. (And there are, of course, thousands and perhaps\nmillions of people you would be miserable with as mates.) The\n[49]\nonly sense in which there can be a =E2=80=9Cone and only=E2=80=9D for you i=\ns that\nthere may be only one good prospect within your range of possible acquainta=\nnceship.\nIt is the multitude of good possible mates that sometimes\nmakes it difficult for a girl to choose between two men.", "chunk_index": 81, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 508, "length_words": 90 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_82", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is\nthe multitude of possibilities that produces triangular situations after\nmarriages; and it is this multitude of available mates in America\nthat makes it possible for a girl to find and love a man in her own\ncommunity rather than to have to go from Maine to California to\nmeet a =E2=80=9Cone and only.=E2=80=9D\nAs for instantaneous love, a girl has about as much chance of\n=E2=80=9Cfalling in love at first sight=E2=80=9D as she does of becoming Ci=\nnderella.\nAt times couples experience =E2=80=9Cinfatuation at first sight=E2=80=9D wh=\nich may\nor may not later mature into love. And ordinarily the infatuation\nis based about eighty per cent on sexual attraction. =E2=80=9CLove at first\nsight=E2=80=9D also often occurs when you come across someone who happens\nto match your =E2=80=9Cphantasy ideal=E2=80=9D for a mate.", "chunk_index": 82, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 824, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_83", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you have alwa=\nys\ndreamed of a bride with large brown eyes, a turned-up nose and a\nshapely figure=E2=80=94and you are ripe for mating=E2=80=94you fall for the=\nfirst\ngirl matching that description. It is a mighty hazardous way to\ntry to pick a mate.\nOther people think they fall in love =E2=80=9Cat first sight=E2=80=9D be=\ncause they\nare desperately anxious to have some one to hold to, and clutch\nat the first person who comes along. They suffer from feelings of\ninsecurity. This was particularly true of girls during the war. One\ngirl who came to the Penn State clinic was rapturous about her\ncoming marriage to an army lieutenant stationed temporarily at\nthe college. Why did she love him? She was pretty vague about\nthat and seemed to resent the question. What did they have in\ncommon in the way of interests and ideals? The only thing she\ncould think of was that they both liked to bowl.", "chunk_index": 83, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 896, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_84", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It soon developed\nthat what she was in love with was the idea of getting married.\nShe was twenty-seven and nervous about her future. That she was\nsincerely convinced she was in love with the man was a tribute\nto her own powers of self-deception. She realized that she\nshould\nin all decency be in love with the man she was going to marry,\nand convinced herself that she was.\n[50]\nFrequently two people fall so madly in =E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D soon after=\nmeeting\nthat they feel they must marry immediately. This tendency is so\nwell known that most marriage counselors rightfully question if a\nstate of true love exists when the two people feel they will die if\nthey don=E2=80=99t get married tomorrow or next week.", "chunk_index": 84, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 712, "length_words": 125 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_85", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Real love can wait.\nIt can make sacrifices; it is not something that has to be rushed.\nThe more urgent the desire to get married immediately, the greater\nthe likelihood that it is infatuation and that the infatuation may\ndie out as abruptly as it sprang into being.\nBut why, you may ask, is love at first sight so improbable? Why\ncan=E2=80=99t you fall in love as easily immediately as you can after weeks\nof knowing each other?\nHere we get to the essence of love, which Webster=E2=80=99s dictionary\ndefines as: =E2=80=9CDesire for, and earnest effort to promote the welfare\nof, another.=E2=80=9D Love is not a trap you fall into. It is a state of re=\nspect\nfor and comradeship with another that has developed from the fact\nthat you both have similar tastes, ideals and yearnings.", "chunk_index": 85, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 780, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_86", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Such comradeship\ncannot come as a result of one date.\nCynics have said that =E2=80=9Clove is of all feelings the most egoistic=\nand\nconsequently is, when crossed, the least generous.=E2=80=9D That assumes\nlove is possessive and selfish. Genuine love as we understand it today\nis the medium through which the fullest development of the personalities\nof a man and woman may take place. And it involves\na keen desire for the welfare of the loved person.", "chunk_index": 86, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 450, "length_words": 76 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_87", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There is nothing\negoistic about real love!\nHere briefly are some conditions that are usually present before\nlove can develop:\n=E2=80=94The two persons have had experiences together that have caused\neach to react favorably to the other.\n=E2=80=94They have each found present in the other qualities, standards =\nand\nideals which they admire.\n=E2=80=94Their sexual feelings have been so favorably conditioned, witho=\nut\ntheir realizing it, that they find great pleasure just in being in each\nother=E2=80=99s presence.\n=E2=80=94Each one in some way fulfills some of the motives that are of i=\nmportance\n[51]\nto the other, such as desire for social approval or, with a man,\nmastery.\nThere are many people for whom it is utterly impossible to fall\nin love. For a few this is due to physical inadequacy. But to most\nit is a result of unfavorable conditioning that has made them\nselfish or afraid of contact with the opposite sex.", "chunk_index": 87, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 922, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_88", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "How does a person\nget the ability to fall in love? From a physical standpoint certain\nhormones pour into the blood stream of a man or woman\npast puberty that create sexual tension. But that only starts to explain\nthe complexity of the love relationship.\nYour ability to fall in love depends for the most part on your own\nprevious experience as far back as childhood. In the beginning,\nfor example, your mother met all your needs. Every time you cried\nyour mother rushed to you, to feed you, to give you a drink, to\nchange your diaper or to remove a pin that was sticking in you.\nGradually in your mind the mother becomes associated with everything\npleasant, with eating, the relief of thirst, the elimination of\npain. You probably became attached to her with a depth of love\nand affection that lasted for many years.", "chunk_index": 88, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 816, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_89", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Similarly your mother received\npleasure from hearing your coos when she gave you relief\nfrom pain, she received the approval of your father for bearing you\nand the admiring comments on you from the neighbors; and she\nsatisfied her motive of mastery by having something (you) under\nher control. Her love deepened for you.\nIt has been observed in the South, where the nursemaids may\noften spend more time with the child than the mother does that\nthe child becomes more favorably conditioned to the nursemaid\nthan to the mother.", "chunk_index": 89, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 525, "length_words": 90 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_90", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "That illustrates that love is a\nlearned\nproces=\ns.\nAs you grew older and began playing with children you learned\nto like those with whom playing was fun and you learned to dislike\nthose where your association was marked only by dissatisfaction\nand unpleasantness.\nSimilarly if your early associations with those of the opposite\nsex were all marked by unpleasantness and nervous tension you\n[52]\ntended to stick to those of your own sex; but if they were marked\nwith pleasure you turned more and more to the other sex.\nEven the appearance of the girl that a young man likes is due to\npleasant associations with other persons who had one or more of\nthe characteristics that his girl has.", "chunk_index": 90, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 685, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_91", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is not just accident that girls\nare more likely to fall in love with boys who have characteristics\nresembling their own fathers than they are with boys who don=E2=80=99t.\nSimilarly a boy is more likely to fall in love with a girl who resembles\nhis own mother than with a girl who doesn=E2=80=99t.\nIf your early life has been marked by strife in the home and\ntension in your relation with people your own age, then you have\nbeen poorly conditioned for the comradeship married love can\nprovide. And you probably will have the greatest difficulty finding\nhappiness in marriage.\nBut if your relationships with people have been relatively serene,\nyou will find it easy to learn to love someone of the opposite sex.\nYou will find that when you do certain things you receive approval\nby way of happy smiles and rewards. Gradually you learn to put\nyour best foot forward.", "chunk_index": 91, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 866, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_92", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You and your date both are conditioned to\nbe on your best behavior and if you have many things in common\ndevelop a deep friendship with each other.\nThen, if the conditioning during the friendship is quite favorable,\nyour mutual feeling of appreciation and affection for each other\ngrows and finally ripens into love. There you have it.\nIn your love for each other you will both gradually become\nsexually vibrant and you both will begin to feel a need for sexual\nexpression through each other. As this need becomes increasingly\nstrong, you both begin to think of engagement and marriage. Ideally\nwhen your need for each other becomes so strong that it can no\nlonger be denied, you are married.\nARE YOU REALLY IN LOVE?\nThe first thing many counselors like to find out when people come\nto them about the possibility of marrying is to find out whether they\nare actually in love.", "chunk_index": 92, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 874, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_93", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Here are some questions which quickly disclose\nwhether a person is afflicted with the real thing or is just infatuated by<=\nspan class=3D\"pagenum\">\n[53]\ngood looks and sex appeal.", "chunk_index": 93, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 179, "length_words": 29 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_94", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Answer each question truthfully regardless\nof what you\nthink\nthe correct answer should be.\n1.\nDo you have a great number of things tha=\nt you like to do together?\nYes\nNo\n2.\nDo you have a feeling of pride when you =\ncompare your friend to any other you have known?\nYes\nNo\n3.\nDo you feel you need to apologize for ce=\nrtain things about him?\nYes\nNo\n4.\nDo you suffer from a feeling of unrest w=\nhen away from him or her?\nYes\nNo\n5.\nHave you a strong desire to please him o=\nr her and are you quite glad to give way on your own preferences?\nYes\nNo\n6.\nDo you have any difficulty carrying on a=\nconversation with each other?\nYes\nNo\n7.\nEven when you quarrel do you still enjoy=\nbeing together?\nYes\nNo\n8.\nDo you actually want to marry this perso=\nn?\nYes\nNo\n9.\nWould you be afraid to trust him or her =\nin the presence of another attractive person of your own sex for an evening=\n?\nYes\nNo\n10.\nDoes he or she have the qualities you wo=\nuld like to have in your children?\nYes\nNo\n11.\nDo your friends and associates mostly ad=\nmire this person and think he, or she, would be a good match for you?\nYes\nNo\n12.\nDo you ever wonder if he, or she, is fai=\nthful?\nYes\nNo\n13.\nDo your parents think you are in love? (=\nThey are very discerning about such things.)\nYes\nNo\n14.\nHave you started planning, at least in y=\nour own mind, what kind of wedding, children, and home you will have?\nYes\nNo\n15.\nAre you conscious of being jealous of hi=\nm, or her?\nYes\nNo\n[54]<=\n/span>\n16.\nIs this person attractive to you not onl=\ny in appearance but in the way he talks, acts and thinks?\nYes\nNo\n17.\nDo you approve generally of each other=\n=E2=80=99s friends?\nYes\nNo\n18.\nDo you wonder if he, or she, is being si=\nncere in what he tells you?\nYes\nNo\n19.\nDo you have a wealth of things to discus=\ns and do together?\nYes\nNo\n20.\nWhen outside trouble develops for one of=\nyou does the crisis tend to pull you together rather than apart?\nYes\nNo\n21.\nAre there many things on which you disag=\nree?\nYes\nNo\n22.\nDo you find that in thinking of the futu=\nre it is always in terms of two rather than of yourself alone?\nYes\nNo\n23.\nCan you imagine how he or she will appea=\nr at 40 and still feel as deeply attached to him as before?\nYes\nNo\n24.\nDo you have serious doubts about your lo=\nve for him?\nYes\nNo\nIf you have a perfect score you answered every third question (3, 6,\n9, 12, 15, 18, 21, 24) with\nNo\nand all the others with\nYes\n.", "chunk_index": 94, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 2383, "length_words": 495 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_95", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Did you\nhave twenty or more =E2=80=9Ccorrect=E2=80=9D answers? If so, we would judg=\ne you to\nbe solidly in love. If you did not, you should be skeptical until you\nreceive further proof.\n[55]\nChapter V\nGrowing Up Sexually\nYour ability to undertake marriage successfully has a=\nlready been\ndetermined in large part before you even start. It has been determined\nby experiences you have had with sex generally and with\nthe opposite sex particularly. Possibly you are already seriously\nhandicapped by repressions and fears on the subject.\nTo ignore or fear sex is no more sensible than to ignore any\nof the other emotions you possess. Sexual desire is a natural desire.\nWithout it your personality would become impoverished. Without\nit there would be few marriages. Without it there would be few\nchildren and few homes. Sex is nothing to be ashamed of or be\nwhispered about.\nYou can have love without sex and sex without love but neither\nalone is very satisfying or enriching.", "chunk_index": 95, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 972, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_96", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For example many men are\ncapable of sexual activity with women for whom they could find\nno pleasure in social associations. Were it not for this fact there\nwould be no prostitution. Likewise it is true there are many wives\nwho love their husbands and engage in sexual activity with them,\nbut without feeling any sexual urge whatsoever and without feeling\nany physical satisfaction.\nThe ideal arrangement, however, is that in which the two people\nhave genuine love and affection for each other and at the same\ntime have strong sex desire for each other and find sexual satisfaction\nin each other.\nA very large proportion of the fears, repressions and anxieties\nthat people suffer from involve sex one way or another. Many of\nthese repressions are revealed in such things as frigidity and impotence.\n[56]\nThe individual who is ashamed and afraid of sex will be\nrepressed in married life unless the attitude is corrected, and will\nfind it difficult to adjust to marriage.", "chunk_index": 96, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 968, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_97", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "When such persons are married\nthe feelings of shame or guilt about sex may prevent sexual\nsatisfaction. This lack of satisfaction, and the tension that goes with\nit, may produce nervousness, aches and pains and even nervous\nbreakdowns.\nMany married people, particularly wives, suffer from repression.\nWhile sexual maladjustment is not the only cause of unhappiness\nin marriage it does play a significant part. It is estimated that one-fifth\nof all married people turn to masturbation as one of the ways\nto reduce the sexual tensions not satisfied through intimate relationships\nwith the mate.\nHow do these so-called repressions develop? Where do we learn\nabout sex?\nOur sex experiences=E2=80=94whether good or bad=E2=80=94started when we =\nwere\nbabies. We reacted in a very favorable way to the fondling, caressing\nand other skin stimulation of our mothers.", "chunk_index": 97, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 857, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_98", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Love and affection\ncame to be associated in our minds with fondling and stroking.\nSometimes as the baby grows older the parent lavishes too much\naffection on the child because the mother is hungry for affection\nwhich is not forthcoming from her husband. This excessive love-conditioning\nmay cause the child to become intensely attached to\nthe mother and makes it difficult for the child to break away as\nit grows up. Not only this, but in addition the excessive fondling\nand favorable attention may cause the child to have an excessive\ndesire for sympathy and social approval. Ergo, we have a =E2=80=9Cspoiled\nchild.=E2=80=9D This spoiled child grows up feeling very sorry for himself\nand insecure when he is not receiving sympathy. In marriage, he\nor she becomes quite possessive because he or she wants to be the\nconstant center of attention.\nBut to get back to when you were a growing child.", "chunk_index": 98, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 894, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_99", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many of the\nfeelings of guilt, shame or fear that people suffer from concerning\nsex begin then.\nPerhaps the child is detected in the act of exploring his sex organs.\n[57]\nIt is probably normal curiosity but the parents punish him so\nseverely that the child feels exceedingly guilty about it.\nPerhaps the child hears a four-letter Anglo-Saxon word. Proud\nof this new acquisition he comes home and uses it with his parents.\nThe parents are dumfounded, show their intense disapproval, and\nmay wash the child=E2=80=99s mouth out with soap.\nOr perhaps the child asks how babies are made and the parent\nmay rebuff the child or act so mysterious that the child concludes\nhe has done something for which he should be ashamed.\nOn the other hand, if as a child you had a confidential relationship\nwith your parents and found that when you took such problems\nto them they would try to give you answers you could comprehend\nyou developed a normal, healthy attitude toward sex.", "chunk_index": 99, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_100", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Repression\nusually occurs only when something happens to us for which we\nfeel ashamed or guilty or fearful.\nIt would seem to us that no child should be permitted to reach\nthe age of five or six without knowing where babies come from.\nIt furthermore seems to us that no child should reach the age of\nten without knowing what produces or causes babies.\nNow we come to the period that affected you most profoundly\nin your sexual development, puberty.", "chunk_index": 100, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 447, "length_words": 80 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_101", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Can you remember how your\nlife and body were changed from the time you were twelve to\nfourteen?=E2=80=94that is, when you were first endowed with sexual capacity=\n.\nWhether you were a boy or girl, your sex glands (gonads)\nbegan pouring their hormones into the blood stream in great quantities.\nPerhaps you did not realize it at the time but you began\nfeeling more tense, more energetic, and began exhibiting what might\nbe called =E2=80=9Canimal spirits.=E2=80=9D Farmers shake their heads sadly=\nat their\nyoungsters during this period and resign themselves to the fact that\nthe youths won=E2=80=99t be over =E2=80=9CFool=E2=80=99s Hill=E2=80=9D unti=\nl they are sixteen.\nIt probably was during your early teens that you had your first\ngreat =E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D affair, if you were normal. Puppy love is one =\nof the\nsweetest loves that one ever has.", "chunk_index": 101, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 852, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_102", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It usually makes its appearance\nat about the time the girl begins to menstruate and the boy becomes\ncapable of having sexual emissions.\n[58]\nThis first love of yours was romantic and idealistic. Probably you\n=E2=80=9Cfell in love=E2=80=9D with a girl in the next aisle, passed notes =\nto her and\npicked flowers on the way to school for her. You walked home\ntogether after school and if you did manage to conquer your embarrassment\nand kiss, it is a kiss you will never forget.\nYou did not realize that those hormones pulsing through your\nbody were responsible for this =E2=80=9Ccrush=E2=80=9D and did not realize =\nwhy you\nwere more tense and energetic. To reduce the tension, though, you\nlooked at each other and something about your past conditioning\nmade each of you find something appealing in the other.", "chunk_index": 102, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 808, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_103", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Sometimes\nthese first =E2=80=9Cloves=E2=80=9D endure but more likely you are soon bot=\nh in\n=E2=80=9Clove=E2=80=9D with new =E2=80=9Cflames=E2=80=9D that suddenly appe=\nared more appealing.\nPuppy love, you see, is an early version of infatuation.\nAs a child your sexual feelings were diffused over the body surface\nbut with puberty those feelings came more and more to be\nlocalized in certain sensitive areas of the body, called =E2=80=9Cerogenous\nzones,=E2=80=9D if you had normal contacts with the other sex. In the case\nof girls whose contact with sex is carefully guarded, however, it\nis quite possible that sex desire may remain diffused until marriage\nand the loss of virginity.\nThe appearance of the menstrual discharge can be a profoundly\nfrightening event for a girl unless she has been prepared to expect\nit.", "chunk_index": 103, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 818, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_104", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Often it marks the beginning of fears that carry over even into\nmarriage.\nTake the case of Alice, a school superintendent=E2=80=99s daughter, who\nwas reared in a stern atmosphere of morality. When she asked where\nbabies came from her mother first rebuked her and when she persisted\nin inquiring the mother said they were brought in the\nmedical bags of physicians. When she reached the age of menstruation,\nfor which her mother had not prepared her, she thought a\nterrible calamity had befallen her. She na=C3=AFvely believed for several\nmonths that she was having a baby. Later the only information she\never acquired on sex was through bull sessions with other girls\nat college, and there the information was misleading. She was fearful\nof sex and when, during her freshman year, a boy tried to kiss\nher she reacted very strongly. She felt that she must not be a nice\n[59]\ngirl or a boy would not think of trying to kiss her.", "chunk_index": 104, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_105", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Her mother\nhad told her that nice girls did not kiss boys.\nToday Alice is twenty-nine and still not married. Furthermore\nshe seems like a very poor prospect. She has reacted frigidly to all\novertures of grown men to kiss her even though she feels she should\nmarry. To her =E2=80=9Csex=E2=80=9D is animal passion and its only rightful=\nfunction\nis reproduction. She has so many repressions about sex that she\ncannot act normally in the presence of someone of the opposite sex.\nHere is how the repressions operate with Alice. She does her best\nnot to think about sex. She avoids situations or circumstances that\nwould involve sex by staying away from people of the opposite\nsex, by not going to dances and by refraining from doing things\nthat would in any way bring sex to mind. Her life is a desperate\nhide-and-seek with sex. Furthermore her repression is so effective\nthat she won=E2=80=99t even admit that a sexual problem exists for her.\nSometimes direct fear conditioning may occur.", "chunk_index": 105, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_106", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In one girl who\nwas referred to the Penn State clinic there was an intense fear of\nbeing with well-educated people. When all the facts were learned,\nit was discovered that in her early teens the girl had been detected\nmasturbating by her mother. To frighten her out of the habit the\nmother told her that such a practice would change her facial appearance\nso much that any educated person looking at her would know\nshe was a masturbator. The girl, already ashamed of her habit, felt\nso much guilt that she started avoiding anyone who had a college\neducation because she believed such people could see her secret in\nher face.", "chunk_index": 106, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 623, "length_words": 112 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_107", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It took many months of treatment to get her to the place\nwhere she could associate with college people with ease.\nIt is our opinion that much of the sexual maladjustment of the\nworld is brought about by parents giving their children the impression\nthat sex is shameful, disgusting, fearful or nasty.\nOne young man came into the psychological clinic complaining\nof severe indigestion, heartburn and excruciating stomach pains.\nWhen asked what he thought the trouble was he said it probably\nwas caused by his habit of drinking a couple of beers three or four\ntimes a week. He had made many efforts to stop drinking the beer,\nbut in vain. The companionship of the other young men with whom\n[60]\nhe drank, the feeling of tension reduction that he felt while drinking,\nthe partial release of some of his inhibitions under alcohol\nall prevented him from breaking the habit.", "chunk_index": 107, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 867, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_108", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He had never been\ndrunk yet he was sure that the half-dozen glasses of beer a week\nwere causing his stomach trouble and would ultimately lead to\nulcers or cancer.\nIn working with this young man it was found that he had begun\nmasturbating in adolescence. His father had discovered this and\nhad severely denounced him for the practice. The boy could not,\nor did not, give up masturbation and was in constant fear that\nhe would go insane because his father told him that continued\nmasturbation always led to insanity. In reading an old-fashioned\nbook on sex which his father gave him, the boy ran across a statement\nto the effect that alcohol weakened the sex drive. He was so\nanxious to reduce his own drive, for fear of insanity, that he began\ndrinking beer habitually. He was so sure the alcohol was reducing\nhis sex drive that he stopped masturbating.", "chunk_index": 108, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 852, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_109", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Actually, of course, the\nsex drive was still present and his repression and anxiety were transferred\nfrom masturbating to beer drinking, with the physical symptoms\nalready described. By helping the young man understand how\nhe had become unfavorably conditioned to masturbation (which,\nwhile an inferior or substitute adjustment, is a natural act) he lost\nall of his stomach symptoms and gained a wholesome attitude\nabout sex.\nHow can sexual inhibitions and repressions be =E2=80=9Cunlearned?=E2=80=\n=9D The\nbest thing to do of course is consult a good clinical psychologist\nor competent psychiatrist. Extensive psychotherapy may be needed.\nBut here are some things that an individual can do that may help:\n=E2=80=94Develop a friendly confidential relationship with some other pe=\nrson\nwho can be trusted and bit by bit unburden yourself of your fears,\nanxieties, problems and frustrations. Simply getting things out of one=E2=\n=80=99s\nsystem brings tension release.", "chunk_index": 109, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 965, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_110", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Not only that but as one talks about his\nproblems and feelings toward them, he begins to define the problem\nand see possibilities of attacking and solving the problem himself. And\nthe friend may have some helpful suggestions.\n=E2=80=94Deliberately associate with people of the opposite sex as much =\nas\n[61]\npossible if repression is present. Gradually this will help reduce tensions\nas you become used to them and if the conditioning is favorable you\nmay achieve wholesome and normal reactions to the opposite sex.\n=E2=80=94Acquire adequate information about sexual behavior. Good books\nare available today in the field of sex (\nnote\nbibliography\nin the back of\nthis book\n).\n=E2=80=94Even bull sessions can be helpful though much of the informatio=\nn\nyou will hear may be erroneous or inadequate.", "chunk_index": 110, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 797, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_111", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The freedom of expression\nin the sessions and the opportunity to talk help one feel less\nrepressed and more natural when sexual matters come up.\nAll young unmarried people should realize that the sexual emotion\nis just as much a hunger as a hunger for food and that in\nmarriage their personality is enriched when the sexual hunger is\nsatisfied.\nWhile all this association with the opposite sex is going on, the\ngirl or young man is learning what kind of a mate he wants in\nmarriage. It is only through these experiences (starting with puppy\nlove) that they begin to set standards and qualifications of the\npersons they would like to marry. The typical boy or girl needs\nto date a good many persons before they know the kind they would\nlike to have as a mate, to decide upon the minimum standards\nthey wish.\nIn going with one girl the boy learns to appreciate music and\ndecides he wants a wife who can play the piano.", "chunk_index": 111, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 916, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_112", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In going with another\ngirl he finds he wants a girl who is brunette, who is reasonably\ntall, who is relatively slim. In going with a third girl he discovers\nhe wants a person who has as much education as he does and who\nis interested at least politely with mechanical things, which happen\nto be his passion. In going with still another girl he discovers that\nit is important to him for her to have control of her temper, to\nbe friendly to people, to be gracious in manner, to be kind and\nconsiderate. And so it goes. It is only through such experiences that\na man gradually learns what he wants in a wife and what is important\nto him.\nIn contrast, it is ignorance of what one wants that may prevent\nyou from ever achieving a happy marriage. Not knowing what you\n[62]\nwant or need, you may marry the first person with whom you become\ninfatuated.\nToday there are nearly twenty-five thousand different occupations\nin the country.", "chunk_index": 112, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_113", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "More people are completing high school=E2=80=94and college=\n=E2=80=94than\never before in history. The radio and automobile have broadened\nman=E2=80=99s horizon. Thus for the man today a selection of a wife\nfrom among a half-dozen girls whom he has known would be a\nhazardous selection. As we have said before, he would need to\nknow at least twenty-five eligible single girls=E2=80=94and date at least a\ndozen of them=E2=80=94before he could be fairly sure of finding one that\nwould meet his wants and needs.\n[63]\nChapter VI\nSex Adventuring\nIn the course of looking over the field for mates a l=\narge part of our\nyoung people become involved in bodily petting and complete\nintimacy. How widespread are such premarital sex relations? All\nthe factual studies would indicate that there has been a steady increase.\nDr. L. M.", "chunk_index": 113, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 819, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_114", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Terman, whose book\nPsychological Factors in\nMarital Happiness\n, published in 1938, reports a study he made of\n792 couples, concludes:\n=E2=80=9CThe trend toward premarital sex experience is proceeding with\nextraordinary rapidity.=E2=80=9D\nOf older couples who married around 1910, he found fifty per\ncent of the men and eighty-seven per cent of the women had been\nvirgins at the time of marriage. In contrast, of those who married\nabout ten years ago only fourteen per cent of the men and thirty-two\nper cent of the women were virgins at marriage. Dr. Terman predicted:\n=E2=80=9CIf the drop should continue at the average rate shown ...\nvirginity at marriage will be close to the vanishing point=E2=80=9D for mal=\nes\nmarrying after 1955 and for girls marrying after 1960.\nIt=E2=80=99s a rare high school nowadays that doesn=E2=80=99t have an oc=\ncasional\npregnant girl, unmarried, in its midst. In one city more than two\nhundred such pregnancies occurred last year.", "chunk_index": 114, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_115", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Most of the sexual\nexperiences today=E2=80=94especially for girls=E2=80=94are with people they=\neventually\nmarry. But even in this respect the trend indicates that more\nand more young people are having intercourse with persons they\ndo not marry than has ever been true before in our history. The\ntrend is more pronounced for men than it is for girls. This can\n[64]\nbe understood in view of the fact that it is the woman who gets\npregnant, and not the man.\nOf couples marrying today, a relatively high percentage have\ncomplete physical intimacy before the wedding night.", "chunk_index": 115, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 569, "length_words": 95 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_116", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The rate\nseems to be higher among the lower economic classes than in the\nhigher levels.\nThis does not mean the morals of the upper classes are higher\nbut probably is due to the fact that girls in the upper group=E2=80=94who\nhave lived at women=E2=80=99s or other colleges=E2=80=94have more inhibitio=\nns.\nAfter marriage they often have greater trouble having climactic\nsexual experience than girls who only went to high school, because\nof these inhibitions.", "chunk_index": 116, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 457, "length_words": 74 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_117", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Probably less than one-third of such wives\nregularly experience orgasm.\nWhy has premarital intimacy become more widespread in recent\nyears? There appear to be several major explanations:\n=E2=80=94The tensions of two wars and a major depression which led to\npostponement of marriage but not necessarily to postponement of gratificati=\non.\nAlso during the war many girls threw their ideals to the wind\nin an attempt to find or give happiness on a friend=E2=80=99s last furlough=\n.\n=E2=80=94Religion is not as much concerned with sexual taboos today as i=\nt\nwas a generation ago.\n=E2=80=94We have removed chaperonage and parents generally are more\ntolerant of their children=E2=80=99s behavior and build in them fewer repre=\nssions\nthan in past years.\n=E2=80=94The widespread dissemination of birth-control information and\nthe improved techniques in preventing venereal disease have reduced the\npenalties of indulgence.\n=E2=80=94Our people are more mobile today so that it is possible for a y=\noung\ncouple to experiment sexually with less likelihood that their parents\nwill find out about them.", "chunk_index": 117, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1091, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_118", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Boys have access to automobiles in which\nthey can take girls to secluded spots. Hotels have relaxed their restrictio=\nns\nabout verifying the =E2=80=9CMr. and Mrs.=E2=80=9D of couples who register.=\nTourist\ncamps rarely had any restrictions to start with. Finally the war took\nmillions of our young people away from their home communities.\nIn short, the old controls of society have relaxed or are in the\nprocess of breaking down. The same is true in Great Britain where\n[65]\nstudies during the war indicated that one out of every three births\nwas conceived prior to marriage.\nWhile young men engage in intimacies because of the hormones\npulsing through their bodies and because it makes them feel more\n=E2=80=9Cgrown up,=E2=80=9D girls engage for somewhat different reasons, th=\nough\nthrill is a factor. Girls in their teens do not have nearly as high\na sex drive as boys of the same age.", "chunk_index": 118, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 888, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_119", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Whereas a man reaches the\nheight of his sexual vigor at around eighteen, a girl does not reach\nhers until around twenty-eight. This is largely because of the different\nconditioning boys and girls get. Girls lead more sheltered,\nguarded lives and thus develop many more repressions and inhibitions\nabout sex than men.\nMost girls who start to pet in their teens do so because they are\nafraid they won=E2=80=99t be asked for dates if they don=E2=80=99t pet. The=\ny give\nkisses as rewards to the boy for taking them to the dance. It is\nbelieved that at least one-half of female sex delinquents get little\nor no pleasure from the sex activity. They indulge primarily to get\nsomething else they want: the prestige and pleasure of having dates.\nThis behavior puts sex on a very low plane. The prostitute herself\nis rarely motivated by excessive sex feeling.", "chunk_index": 119, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 850, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_120", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Rather she does it to\nobtain certain other things she considers important, such as spending\nmoney, gowns, cosmetics, etc.\nSome girls think that because of the surplus of women over men\nthey must be aggressive if they are to get dates, and consider bold\npetting one of the most effective techniques of aggression. Actually\naggression of any kind usually has an adverse effect on a man,\nand the emotions generated in the girl by petting may lead to a\nsense of insecurity and a feeling of frustration.\nIt would be pointless to advise that young people should never\nneck or pet, because the facts show that the vast majority of young\npeople engage in necking and petting to some extent. But what can\nbe said for and against unmarried couples practicing complete physical\nintimacy before marriage? What arguments have been advanced\nin favor of it?\nFirst we have heard it said that premarital sexual relations assist\nin the wise choice of a mate. You know what you are getting.", "chunk_index": 120, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_121", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You\n[66]\nwill know better whether you and the mate would be compatible\nsexually. One religious sect in this country takes a unique view on\npremarital experience. Couples do not marry until a child is conceived.\nIn this way the groom-to-be can rest assured his bride-to-be\ncan bear him children. The trouble here is that many premarital\nsex experiences of the modern couple are engaged in under circumstances\nthat are hardly favorable to the flowering of sexual desires\nand their satisfaction. When intimacy is accompanied by feelings\nof fear or guilt or shame=E2=80=94as is frequently the case in premarital\naffairs=E2=80=94permanent scars are left on the participants.", "chunk_index": 121, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 669, "length_words": 106 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_122", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Usually a per=\nson\ncan get just as accurate a clue of what married love would be\nwith a specific individual by petting and conversation rather than\nby complete intimacy with its usual aftermath of shame and guilt.\nAnother argument often mentioned in favor of premarital sex\nrelations is that it is dangerous to one=E2=80=99s health to wait. This arg=\nument\nis based on the well-known fact that most young people are\nmature enough physically to marry several years before economic\nfactors make marriage advisable. So why wither away while waiting?\nThey point to the spinsters who shrivel up for lack of love.\nThis is only a half truth because, as you will see later in this chapter,\nthere are other outlets for sexual feeling available in addition\nto coitus. These may not be as pleasurable but they are virtually\nas effective.", "chunk_index": 122, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 826, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_123", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The withered spinsters are that way because they employ\nno outlets whatsoever.\nOn the other side=E2=80=94the reasons why complete intimacy is ill-advis=\ned\nbefore marriage=E2=80=94we have first of all the fact that society\nfrowns on such intimacy. Even though the practice is widespread it\nis still illicit love, with all the psychological problems it involves.\nThe idea that the bride and groom be virgins at the start of their\nmarriage is the product of the experience of most civilized peoples.\nThat in itself should mean something. Undisciplined sexual expression\nhas always been found to be destructive to the social group\nthat permits it to take place.\nNext, while it can be seriously debated whether complete intimacy\nhurts or helps an engaged couple planning early marriage,\nthere is no question how it affects persons indulging on a casual\n[67]\nbasis. We have authoritative information on this point.", "chunk_index": 123, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_124", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In one carefully\nconducted research, the records of twenty-five girls were picked\nat random=E2=80=94girls who, according to their test scorings, were unconve=\nntional\nand generally unstable emotionally. These girls were\ncarefully interviewed. Of the twenty-five, twenty-one admitted to\nthe counselors that they had been intimate with one or more men\nduring the preceding two years! That is persuasive proof that\npromiscuous persons are usually also unstable emotionally.", "chunk_index": 124, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 470, "length_words": 67 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_125", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And being\nunstable emotionally they are very poor prospects for marriage.\nFinally here are some specific dangers that every person considering\ncomplete intimacy before marriage should be aware of:\n=E2=80=94Possible pregnancy, and a forced and hasty marriage.\n=E2=80=94If the child is aborted the possibility of permanent sterility =\nor other\ninjury must not be forgotten.\n=E2=80=94The probability that the illicit relationship may become known =\nto\nmembers of your social group, if not to your parents.\n=E2=80=94Probability that even though temporary relief from sexual tensi=\non\nis achieved you may suffer from feelings of shame, guilt, or remorse.\n=E2=80=94Possibility that your future spouse may discover that you have =\nhad\nsexual relations with another person.", "chunk_index": 125, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 765, "length_words": 115 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_126", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It may prey on his or her mind\ndespite the fact that he goes through with the marriage.\n=E2=80=94The possibility that the intimacy is practiced under conditions=\nso\nnerve-racking and undesirable that they cheapen the meaning of the act.\n=E2=80=94The risk of venereal disease.\n=E2=80=94The possibility=E2=80=94if you are a girl=E2=80=94that the rela=\ntionship is exploitive.\nPerhaps the man is seeking his own satisfaction with little regard for\nthe girl or her feelings.\nAfter those warnings regarding complete intimacy are given\nwe would like to make it clear that premarital kissing and petting\ndo have a legitimate function. Recently a nurse trainee came to the\nPenn State clinic; she was overwrought. She said her current boy\nfriend had laid his hand across her breast. Had she been prudish in\nbecoming upset? She was assured that she hadn=E2=80=99t been. But she\nwas urged not to let the incident drive her to aloofness.", "chunk_index": 126, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_127", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Frigidness\ncan wreck one=E2=80=99s chances for a happy marriage just as surely as\npromiscuity.\n[68]\nIt is entirely natural for a mutually attracted young couple to\ndesire to caress each other. It is one of nature=E2=80=99s techniques for e=\nncouraging\nmating. Without it we would have fewer marriages=E2=80=94and\nchildren. It is harmful only when the attachment between the\ntwo people is completely sexual and they rush into an early marriage,\nor into intercourse without marriage.\nTake for example Dorothy and Bob, who wanted some last-minute\nadvice before marrying. Obviously they were crazy about\neach other. To them a kiss or embrace was a way to convey their\nadoration. Everything pointed to their being truly in love and the\ntests showed them to be well-matched.", "chunk_index": 127, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 768, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_128", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "To deny them such expression\nof affection when together would not only frustrate their love\nbut might even impair their adjustment in marriage.\nTheir kind of innocent petting however should not be confused\nwith the =E2=80=9Cexploitive=E2=80=9D kind practiced by a student we=E2=80=\n=99ll call Hale.\nHe said quite casually that he =E2=80=9Cloves =E2=80=99em and leaves =E2=80=\n=99em.=E2=80=9D Investigation\nshowed that was precisely what he did. And while he was\napparently not as irresistible as he implied, he did find some girls\nto join him in his sex adventuring. Some na=C3=AFvely fell for his line.\nOthers joined in quite frankly for the thrill involved in exploring\neach other. Both Hale and two of the promiscuous girls involved\nshowed in their tests strong traces of emotional instability which\nwould make them poor marriage prospects.", "chunk_index": 128, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 843, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_129", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Before a girl becomes\ninvolved in any petting she should make sure in her own mind that\nit is not the =E2=80=9Cexploitive=E2=80=9D kind.\nCaressing or petting becomes definitely dangerous when physical\ncontact and stimulation become ends in themselves. In the case\nof an engaged couple in love the intimacy is not just an end in\nitself but an expression of affection. The important thing is that\nsexual feeling should develop and grow out of the friendship and\ncourtship of two people, it should not be the initial basis for it.\nThere is likely to be exploitation involved if a couple feel impelled\nto engage in petting during the first few dates.", "chunk_index": 129, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 646, "length_words": 111 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_130", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Petting is progressive\nand can carry a couple much further than they intend to go.\nThat is the big danger.\nIdeally a couple should marry when their friendship and courtship\n[69]\nhave developed in them such strong sexual feelings toward\neach other that there is a physical and psychological need for satisfaction=\n.\nThis is why society is more tolerant of petting after a couple\nbecome engaged. It is nature=E2=80=99s preparation for marriage. The\ntrouble of course is in the serious lag involved between the time\na couple may be ripe physically for marriage and the time they are\nprepared vocationally and emotionally to marry. We still have our\nchild brides in backwoods areas but most modern Americans do\nnot consider it feasible to marry until they are well in their twenties.\nAnd in our civilization that is proper.", "chunk_index": 130, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 819, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_131", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But it does impose serious\ntemptations on the people who have to wait.\nFrom the time they pass out of adolescence young people=E2=80=94especial=\nly\nmen=E2=80=94need outlets for the sexual tensions building up within\nthem. There seems little doubt to us that refraining from any sort\nof sexual expression does impair one=E2=80=99s psychological balance and\nmental health. Personality can be damaged and physical health may\nbe damaged. But if we rule out climactic sexual relations with another\nperson what alternatives are left? There are three major forms\nthis can take.\n=E2=80=94Climaxes in the dream world. This is most common with men and\nproduces their nocturnal emissions.\n=E2=80=94Substitution. This usually means masturbation. Many people thin=\nk\nthat masturbation is a sin, that it will produce insanity, that it leads to\nskin blemishes or pimples, that it is something disgusting or filthy, that\nit stunts your growth. All the evidence indicates that none of these is\ntrue.", "chunk_index": 131, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_132", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A noted psychiatrist, O. Spurgeon English, recently said: =E2=80=9CMo=\nst\nall psychiatrists, psychologists, and educators today regard masturbation\nas a normal phenomenon ... indulged in to some degree by all human\nbeings during the course of their development.=E2=80=9D As we see it, mastu=\nrbation\nis a relatively harmless method of reducing tension providing feelings\nof guilt and shame are not connected with it and providing of\ncourse that it is not done excessively.\n=E2=80=94Sublimation. You =E2=80=9Csublimate=E2=80=9D a sexual hunger, o=\nr handle it on a\n=E2=80=9Chigh=E2=80=9D socially approved plane by such things as dancing an=\nd associating\na great deal with persons of the other sex. A young person is greatly\nhelped in this if he is permitted to date at an early age (fifteen is not t=\noo\n[70]\nyoung) and encouraged to bring his date to his home.", "chunk_index": 132, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 862, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_133", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Sublimation cannot\nreduce sexual hunger but it helps to take your mind off it.\nIf there is no outlet for these feelings through normal and natural\nassociations with the opposite sex and if parental instruction on sex\nhas been inadequate, really abnormal sex behavior may result.\nThe most common form of maldevelopment probably is homosexuality.\nIt was once believed that homosexuals were =E2=80=9Cborn that\nway.=E2=80=9D But now it is known that the great majority of them, male\nand female, are normal in a bodily sense. Their abnormal behavior\nis clearly the result of unfortunate conditioning. Perhaps a boy was\npampered too much as a child and has had little chance to mingle\nwith the other sex, and then is rebuffed when he attempts to make\ndates because he seems namby-pamby or effeminate. While being\nforced away from associating with girls the hormones are being\npoured into his blood stream. The boy becomes tense without realizing\nwhy and without any outlet to reduce the tension.", "chunk_index": 133, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_134", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Bit by bit\nhe may turn to persons of his own sex for sexual satisfaction, first\nperhaps through mutual masturbation and finally through homosexuality.\nIt is known that there is much more homosexuality in girls=E2=80=99 or\nboys=E2=80=99 schools than there is at co-educational institutions. One stu=\ndy\nshowed that one-third of married women have had at some time\nin their unmarried days intense emotional relations with other\nwomen, even though some did not recognize the behavior as sexual\nin character. There is every reason to believe that more women\nengage in homosexual behavior than is true of men. This is understandable\nin view of the fact that expressions of affection between\nwomen are much more acceptable than is true of expressions\nof affection between men. Nobody thinks anything of two women\ngreeting each other with a kiss, walking hand in hand or with arms\nclasped about each other.", "chunk_index": 134, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 899, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_135", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Men would be looked upon suspiciously\nif they engaged in any such behavior.\nStill other abnormal outlets sexual feeling will take if it is not\nprovided with normal or acceptable forms of expression are:\n[71]\n=E2=80=94\nVoyeurism\n, or =E2=80=9CPeeping Tom=E2=80=9D behavior, =\nbrought about by curiosity\nabout sexual behavior of other individuals because the person is repressed\nand lacks sexual information himself.\n=E2=80=94\nFetishism\n, which produces an unnatural sex attachment =\nto objects\nrather than persons. The objects may be shoes, hair curls, wearing apparel.\nThe possession and fondling of such articles create arousal and\nsatisfaction of sex feelings.\n=E2=80=94\nPedophilia\n, or unnatural attachment for children, perh=\naps because\nit offers them a =E2=80=9Csafe=E2=80=9D way to inspect and caress human ana=\ntomy.\n=E2=80=94\nSadism and masochism.\nThe first feeling comes from inf=\nlicting pain\non another, the second from having pain inflicted on one=E2=80=99s self.", "chunk_index": 135, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_136", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Th=\nis\ninvolves the sensual feeling of pleasure-after-pain which we have already\nmentioned.\nBut to get back to the problem of finding socially approved outlets\nfor sexual feeling before marriage. We would advise couples rigorously\nto refrain from direct sexual stimulation and other below-the-shoulder\npetting until marriage is fairly imminent if they hope\nto abstain from intercourse before marriage. The excitation of such\npetting is apt to swirl a couple into complete intimacy despite their\nbest intentions not to go that far.\nWe would not undertake to advise young people how far they\nshould go in their petting, but feel that every young person=E2=80=94as a\npart of his or her personal philosophy of life=E2=80=94should decide just\nwhat his limits should be. When the limit is set here are some hints\non how to make it stick.\n=E2=80=94Reserve even your good-night kisses for people you are genuinel=\ny\nfond of.", "chunk_index": 136, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 916, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_137", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A girl should not cheapen them by letting a casual date lead\nher to the davenport to collect a reward for taking her out. And don=E2=80=\n=99t\nfall into the error of thinking that free-and-easy petting will increase\nyour popularity. It won=E2=80=99t except with people who would make unstabl=\ne\nmates anyway.\n=E2=80=94Limit carefully the time you are alone with a person of the oth=\ner\nsex under romantic conditions. It is almost a =E2=80=9Crule of love=E2=80=\n=9D that the\nlonger a couple are alone with nothing much to do, the greater the\nlikelihood they will pet. Several college girls tell us they never agree\nfinally to a date until they are sure there will be something definite to d=\no=E2=80=94go\nto the movies, dance or play gin rummy. If parents or school authorities\nset a time limit for you to be home they are really doing you a favor.\n[72]\n=E2=80=94Learn to sense when either is becoming physically aroused and\nstop.", "chunk_index": 137, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_138", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Again college girls tell us that when they recognize the danger\nsignals they suggest to the man that they dance, go for a soda or take\na walk.\n=E2=80=94Learn that alcoholic beverages may relax your inhibitions to th=\ne\npoint where you will go much further than you intended. That is why\nsome people wisely refrain from drinking or limit themselves severely\nwhile on a date.\nARE YOU WARM OR COOL BY NATURE?\nSome people respond to their mates with a greater intensity of emotion\nthan do others.", "chunk_index": 138, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 492, "length_words": 88 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_139", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This test should reveal your own responsiveness.\n1.\nWere you reared in an affectionate famil=\ny?\nYes\nNo\n2.\nDo you become excited at a close footbal=\nl or baseball match?\nYes\nNo\n3.\nAre you strongly moved by sentimental mu=\nsic or a romantic movie?\nYes\nNo\n4.\nWhen friends are away a week do you feel=\ntheir absence a great deal?\nYes\nNo\n5.\nDo you have a wide circle of acquaintanc=\nes and friends?\nYes\nNo\n6.\nDoes it help you to take your troubles t=\no friends? And do you want them to bring their troubles to you?\nYes\nNo\n7.\nAre you fond of children?\nYes\nNo\n8.\nDo you compliment others frequently=E2=\n=80=94and sincerely?\nYes\nNo\n9.\nDoes it distress you to see someone in p=\nain?\nYes\nNo\n10.\nDo you feel you are\nactively\naf=\nfectionate with the person of the opposite sex that you like best?\nYes\nNo\n11.\nDo you fed you are free from repressions=\n?\nYes\nNo\n12.\nWhen your feelings are hurt do you get o=\nver the hurt quickly?\nYes\nNo\n13.\nDo you participate in two or three socia=\nl organizations?\nYes\nNo\n14.\nDo you find it easy to mix with casual a=\ncquaintances?\nYes\nNo\n15.\n[73]<=\n/span>\nIn associating with people of the opposi=\nte sex are you open and natural rather than stand-offish?\nYes\nNo\n16.\nDo you consider yourself well-adjusted s=\nexually?\nYes\nNo\n17.\nDo you like to look after a sick person?=\nYes\nNo\n18.\nWere your own parents affectionate?\nYes\nNo\nIf you answered\nyes\nto fifteen or more of these yo=\nu are a warm, ardent\nperson and should be able to work out a satisfying sexual adjustment in\nmarriage.", "chunk_index": 139, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1501, "length_words": 294 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_140", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you answered\nyes\nto nine or less you appear to be res=\nerved\nand cool by nature. Your best chance in marriage will be with a person\nof similar disposition.\n[74]\nChapter VII\nDo You Frighten Possible Mates Away?\nGetting along with the other sex is one of the most i=\nmportant\nskills you will ever learn=E2=80=94if you do learn it.\nIf you fail to achieve a good adjustment it will show up in other\naspects of your life. Failure to get along with others is undoubtedly\none of the biggest reasons why people fail at their jobs. Far more\npeople are dropped from their positions or are passed over in awarding\npromotions because of personality inadequacies than are\ndropped because of technical incompetence. The person who can=E2=80=99t\nget along well on a job is usually not a good risk in marriage.", "chunk_index": 140, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 797, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_141", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And\nthe person who cannot get along with acquaintances is usually not\na good risk for a job or for marriage.\nLikewise, when you find a happily married person you will also\nusually find a person who is happy in his work and in his social\ncontacts. And whether or not you get along with people=E2=80=94particularly\nof the other sex=E2=80=94depends primarily upon the sort of training\nyou had in childhood. Professor Terman found that happily married\npeople were people whose own parents had been happily married ... were\npeople who had a great deal of love and affection for\ntheir parents ... were people who had been punished only mildly\nand infrequently by their parents and had been disciplined firmly\nbut not harshly.", "chunk_index": 141, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 719, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_142", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is not impossible to replace bad traits with good\nbut it will become increasingly difficult with each passing year.\nHow do you impress people of the other sex? Did you ever stop\nto ask yourself that? To find the answer you will have to adopt the\nattitude Socrates is alleged to have recommended: =E2=80=9CKnow thyself.=E2=\n=80=9D\nHave you ever stopped to make an inventory of your assets and\n[75]\nliabilities? Perhaps you have traits which you have lived with\nso long that you aren=E2=80=99t aware of them, but which greatly annoy\npeople you want to know better. Or perhaps the traits are not downright\noffensive but weaken your appeal. The test in this chapter,\n=E2=80=9CDo You Have a Negative or Positive Personality?=E2=80=9D may help =\nyou\nin making an inventory.\nIf you feel something is holding you back from popularity with\nthe other sex try to get to the root of your trouble.", "chunk_index": 142, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 887, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_143", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If people do not\nask you out, why don=E2=80=99t they? If some dislike or avoid you, what is\nthe explanation? If some people seem merely to tolerate you, what\nis the trouble? If you feel you do not have as much influence in\nyour group as you would like to, what is undermining your influence?\nBelow we are going to point out a dozen of the major\ntrouble-making characteristics. Perhaps some of them may apply\nto you.\nDo You Feel Uncomfortable in th=\ne Presence of the Opposite\nSex?\nPerhaps you are haunted by deep feelings of inferiority, feelin=\ngs\nwhich may come from your lack of association=E2=80=94compared to\nother persons your own age=E2=80=94with the opposite sex, or perhaps you\nhave been thrown into a more =E2=80=9Csophisticated=E2=80=9D group than you=\nwere\naccustomed to. Another possibility is that you lack the knowledge\nto intermingle suavely. Perhaps you still feel clumsy=E2=80=94and must\nwatch your feet=E2=80=94while dancing.", "chunk_index": 143, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 944, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_144", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Perhaps you dread the ceremony\nof introducing people because you are vague on the etiquette involved.\nPerhaps you are not sure you are dressed appropriately for\nthe occasion. Perhaps you don=E2=80=99t know when to use the right fork\nor spoon. Perhaps you are not quite sure how to act in saying good\nnight to a date, or how to thank a hostess for a delightful evening.\nThe answer to this type of problem is simple. If you feel ill at\nease because you feel you are a poor dancer, then learn to be a better\ndancer. Take lessons, or simply practice on your own living-room\nfloor. If it is etiquette that bothers you read any of a dozen books\non the subject, and watch carefully how others around you behave.\nOne more thing=E2=80=94if you are haunted by feelings of inferiority, learn\nto do some one thing superlatively well, even if it is only table\n[76]\ntennis or gin rummy.", "chunk_index": 144, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 872, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_145", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This will bring you recognition from the\ngroup and ease your feelings of self-consciousness.\nGeneral Eisenhower has said that self-confidence is the greatest\nasset one can have in the world. John Powers, originator of the\nfamed Powers Model Agency, tells his new models that the biggest\nthing they have to learn is self-assurance, and he quotes to them\nGeneral Eisenhower=E2=80=99s remark.\nAre You Aloof?\nMany youn=\ng people, after they have been bruised\na couple of times in their early contacts with the opposite sex, wrap\ntheir ego up in a protective shell so that no one can hurt them again.\nOther people, particularly girls, want to be dated so badly and feel\nso anxious about not being dated more that they =E2=80=9Cfreeze=E2=80=9D wh=\nen anyone\napproaches them for a date. They are anxious not to appear over-anxious,\nand again aloofness results. Finally, girls who teach often\nfrighten men away through their aloofness.", "chunk_index": 145, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_146", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The teacher often carries\ninto her dating, unconsciously, the reserve she develops in the\nclassroom for disciplinary reasons.\nWhatever the source of the aloofness, the attitude is interpreted\nby the opposite sex as coldness and indifference. Possible dates are\nfrightened away because you appear unapproachable and perhaps a\nbit haughty.\nDo You Have a =E2=80=9CLow Boil=\ning Point=E2=80=9D Emotionally?\nSome of\nus have built up emotional habits that prevent us from getting along\nwith persons of the opposite sex. We habitually lose our tempers,\nact rudely, show our anxieties, or go to pieces. They lead inevitably\nto quarrels with our boy friends or girl friends. If you are easily\nupset by frustrations or anger you find yourself involved in temper\noutbursts and profanity, both of which are highly repelling to anyone\nin the opposite sex interested in you.\nDo You Daydream Frequently? The daydreaming itself does not\nannoy others, but daydreaming holds you back from appearing\nat your best.", "chunk_index": 146, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_147", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Daydreaming is usually simply the imaginary representation\nof satisfactions you do not achieve in real life. When you let\nyour daydreams become a substitute for real achievement, your\n[77]\npersonality is definitely slipping and the outcome may be dangerous.\nIf you must daydream, make it planful.\nDo You Often Complain About You=\nr Health?\nIt is bad enough\nfor your marriage prospects to appear unhealthy. It is even worse\nif you complain of your aches and pains. You not only bring the\nother person=E2=80=99s attention even more on your short-comings, but revea=\nl\nyourself to be something of a hypochondriac, who is defined\nin Webster=E2=80=99s dictionary as a person suffering from =E2=80=9Ca menta=\nl disorder\ncharacterized by morbid anxiety as to the patient=E2=80=99s health....=E2=\n=80=9D\nDo You Blame Your Troubles and =\nMistakes on Others?\nThis\nis one of the most vicious mental habits one can get into.", "chunk_index": 147, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_148", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Psychologists\ncall it the habit of =E2=80=9Cprojection.=E2=80=9D You project your failure=\ns\nupon somebody else. The boy says he is not able to get along with\ngirls because his father will not let him have the car. The girl\nblames her failure to have dates upon her mother for not giving\nher the right kind of clothes. Such a habit is much more serious\nthan first appears. In the first place, one=E2=80=99s listeners are not foo=\nled\nby such projections, and in the second place the individual who\ngets into such a habit fails to profit by his mistakes. Thus he loses\nopportunity for making improvement.\nAre You Intolerant of People Wh=\no Are Not Like You?\nBroadmindedness\nor tolerance is a trait we must have if people are to\nlike us. To be broadminded or tolerant, you usually need to be\nboth intelligent and well informed. Intolerance and bigotry are\neither based on ignorance of other people or on a mind that knows\nthe facts but is all twisted up.", "chunk_index": 148, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_149", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "One should not confuse broadmindedness\nwith low standards and ideals. A broadminded person may be\ntolerant of an individual whose own standards are low even though\nthe broadminded person tries to live by practical, realistic and\ndecent standards. You can be an unchanging believer in a particular\nreligion or be an invariable follower of one political party, but\nat least you should keep from ramming your personal views down\nthe throats of others. When you voice intolerances you usually\nantagonize acquaintances who are startled by your narrow views.\n[78]\nAre You Argumentative?\nM=\nany persons, because of their biases\nor prejudices or emotional tension, constantly want to argue. They\nhope by arguing to convince others of the correctness of their own\nviews. The louder they shout the more persuasive their argument=E2=80=94so\nthey think. Actually, arguing rarely ever convinces anyone. And\nthe one sure result is that it will create hard feelings, if engaged in\nvehemently.", "chunk_index": 149, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_150", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "As long as a discussion can remain good humored and\nconsiderate, with nobody raising his voice or becoming agitated,\nworth-while ideas may be exchanged.\nDo You Bore People by Your Talk=\ning?\nDo you chatter inanely or\ndo you annoy people by constantly talking =E2=80=9Cshop?=E2=80=9D One can t=\nalk\nabout one=E2=80=99s job without talking =E2=80=9Cshop.=E2=80=9D The importa=\nnt difference\nis that he talks about those aspects of his occupation that will interest\nan outsider with normal curiosity. And he talks about his\njob only if the listener shows by smiling or nodding his head\nthat the subject intrigues him. Being able to talk is not nearly\nso important as being able to talk in a\ncongenial way\n. The congeni=\nal\nperson sees that conversations cover only topics that are mutually\ninteresting, and he avoids talking too much. Further, he is sensitive\nenough to catch the mood of the other person and is flexible\nenough to join in that mood.", "chunk_index": 150, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_151", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Finally, the congenial talker is sensitive\nenough to lead the conversation away from subjects that will\nonly bring conflict.\nAre You Self-centered?\nP=\nerhaps you were =E2=80=9Cspoiled=E2=80=9D as a child or\nare so richly endowed with physical charm or with talent you feel\nyourself to be the center of the universe. For example, the girl may\nhave temper tantrums in public, she may humiliate her escort by\nbiting sarcasm or devastating scorn. Often her escort simply serves\nas a foil for her =E2=80=9Cbrilliance=E2=80=9D or good looks. She frightens=\nher man\naway because he sees himself going through life as a planet in\nher orbit. Such a girl is not seeking a husband as such; what she\nwants is a background for her own personality.", "chunk_index": 151, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 734, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_152", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "After being hurt\nby her a few times a man runs away and seeks a girl who will pour\nbalm on his injured ego.\nAre You Aggressive?\nA ma=\nn may offend decent girls by being\n[79]\naggressively =E2=80=9Con the make.=E2=80=9D A girl may be aggressive by bei=\nng\na =E2=80=9Cgold-digger,=E2=80=9D and scare men away by being both expensive=\nand\ninconsiderate. Or she may be aggressive simply in the sense that\nshe is worried about the shortage of males and sets out grimly to\nget a man before it is too late. In match-making, man is jealously\nproud of his role of pursuer and does not want his traditional role\nusurped by the skirted sex. Thus most men resent overt signs of\naggression by a girl.\nAre You Repelling Physically?=\nspan> Most girls like to have a man\nwho is taller than they are.", "chunk_index": 152, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 782, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_153", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Feelings of prestige are involved.\nPoor health, extreme tallness or shortness, extreme obesity or\nthinness, very dark or very light complexion, poor motor co=C3=B6rdination,\nseriously impaired vision, impaired hearing, unbecoming teeth,\nbody odor, a general appearance of being weak and easily tired\ndetract greatly from one=E2=80=99s personality. Other things that detract\nare bizarre features such as tattoos, the appearance of being under-sexed.\nIn general a person should never be more than twenty per\ncent over or under the weight for his height.\nIn these days of modern medical science, plastic surgery, orthodentistry=\n,\ndermatology, etc., a girl or man can get rid of most\nirregular features. And those that can=E2=80=99t be removed can be overshad=\nowed.\nThe physical paralysis of the late President Roosevelt\ndid not influence people negatively because of the great personal\ncharm of the man.", "chunk_index": 153, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_154", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The impairment of hearing of Thomas Edison\ndid not diminish the respect and liking that people had for his\ngenius.\nOdor is tremendously important in the impressions that one\nmakes on others. It is believed that one of the reasons men like\nwomen and women like men is that their respective odors are agreeable\nto each other. Halitosis, perspiration odors, clothing odors resulting\nfrom wearing clothing in places of work where the air is\nredolent with manufacturing processes, may ruin your chances\nfor marrying the one you want.", "chunk_index": 154, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 528, "length_words": 88 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_155", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Almost any girl or man who is\nin good health, who is willing to take care of his teeth, who avoids\nwearing clothing saturated with occupational odors and who is\n[80]\ncareful to avoid perspiration smells can be wholesome and fragrant.\nPerfume should be used to enhance the true natural body\nodor of the individual and not to mask unpleasant ones.\nActually, physical appearances rarely need hurt seriously a person=E2=80=\n=99s\nchances of marriage providing they retain self-assurance. The\ntrouble is that a person with a prominent nose or big feet is so\nconcerned about the specific defects that he convinces himself he\npresents an ugly appearance.", "chunk_index": 155, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 646, "length_words": 107 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_156", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He develops feelings of inferiority,\nand that is where the real trouble begins.\nThe person who holds his head up, who can look you straight\nin the eye, whose face is animated when he talks, is better looking\nand better liked than the individual who does not do these things.\nThe\nrestful\nphysical position, the alert face and animated express=\nion\nconvey to others the feeling that you are poised. Poise and\nself-confidence make up a large part of =E2=80=9Cgood looks.=E2=80=9D\nAssuming that after reading this chapter you have concluded\nyou have some bad habits that are hurting your chances of getting\na desirable mate, how can the habit be broken? It is not easy. There\nare two major thoughts to keep in mind in trying to break a habit.\nFirst, once you decide to break the habit, you must not let any\nexception occur.", "chunk_index": 156, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 819, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_157", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The reforming drunkard who has trouble walking\npast bars knows that just one nip will set off a chain of violations.\nThe longer he can keep from drinking the weaker the urge to drink\nbecomes and soon he can pass bars without any trouble at all, and\nin fact with scorn. The second idea in breaking a habit is to substitute\nsomething in the habit=E2=80=99s place. A person wants to stop eating\nsweets. Several years ago one of the cigarette manufacturers sold\nmillions of cigarettes by proposing that a person with a sweet-tooth\nshould reach for a cigarette instead of a sweet. This was the principle\nof substitution. A substitute for a boy who bites his fingernails may\nbe something like this. He can reason:\n=E2=80=9CI have a desire to bite my nails but I have a bigger desire not\nto bite my nails. While it is difficult not to bite my nails it is much\nmore important that my nails look acceptable if I am to get dates.", "chunk_index": 157, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 919, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_158", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "I\nwould rather have dates than bite my fingernails.=E2=80=9D Such a bigger\n[81]\ngoal may help you break any habit that offends people you want\nto impress.\nGirls probably are more concerned about the impression they\ncreate than men. Here is some advice to women that one investigator,\na man, offered after making a study of the habits of women:\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t wear styles that men consider queer.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t neglect the romantic illusion. Men are disillusio=\nned by such\nthings as hair curlers, awkward positions and postures, unattractive\nsounds in the throat, making up in public.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t fail to answer a man, and promptly, when he addre=\nsses you;\nhe may feel slighted by inattention.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t nag a man. Men flee to office, club, other women=\n=E2=80=94anywhere\nbut where the nagger is.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t tell off-color stories or use coarse language. Mo=\nst men resent\nthem in women.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t show jealousy.", "chunk_index": 158, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 979, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_159", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "All men abhor a jealous woman.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t compare your male companion unfavorably with anot=\nher man.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t giggle, shriek or otherwise be loud to attract hi=\ns attention.\nDO YOU HAVE A NEGATIVE OR POSITIVE PERSONALITY?\nSubtract five points for each of the\nrepelling\ntraits you posse=\nss.", "chunk_index": 159, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 317, "length_words": 48 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_160", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "(Be\nhonest.) And add five points for each of the\nappealing\ntraits you =\ncan\nhonestly claim as a consistent part of your personality.\nRepelling Traits\nAppealing Traits\n1.\nJealous\nBroadminded\n2.\nIrritable\nLoyal to friends\n3.\nUnbecoming teeth\nTruthful\n4.\nUnpleasant body odor\nTolerant\n5.\nIntolerant\nConsiderate\n6.\nUncomfortable in groups\nAffectionate\n7.\nFull of anxieties\nOptimistic\n8.\nHot-tempered\nGood humored\n9.\nInclined to daydream\nTactful\n10.\nRude\nGenerous\n11.\nBlame others for mishaps\nEnthusiastic\n12.\n=E2=80=9CGo to pieces=E2=80=9D when upset\nAbility to accept criticism\n13.\nBite your nails\nAdmit mistakes\n14.\nLoud in talking\nDon=E2=80=99t make excuses\n15.\n[82]\nProfane habitually\nDress appropriately\n16.\nLaugh at mistakes of others\nPossess good health\n17.\nFlaunt your knowledge\nFriendly\n18.\nTalk about your bad health\nModulated voice\n19.\nArgumentative\nReasonable\n20.\nBrusque\nCongenial conversationalist\n21.\nAggressive\nNeat\n22.\nUnco=C3=B6perative\nClean\n23.\nLack confidence in self\nCorrect use of English\n24.\nDomineering\nGood posture and carriage\n25.\nSelfish\nHigh ideals\n26.\nCrude\nConsistently dependable\n27.\nEgocentric (conceited)\nNaturalness\n28.\nGossipy\nFrankness\n29.\nUnpredictable\nAttractive teeth\n30.\nEnvious of others\nUnselfish\nIf you ended up with a negative score you can feel fairly s=\nure that you\nare being handicapped in your association with the other sex by an unattrac=\ntive\npersonality.", "chunk_index": 160, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1404, "length_words": 210 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_161", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In fact if you checked more than eight of the\nrepelling\ncharacteristics (regardless of the number of\nappeali=\nng\ntraits\nyou checked) you have grounds for concern about the impression you\ncreate. However, if you checked five or less of the\nrepelling\ntrai=\nts and\nended with a total positive score of more than one hundred you apparently\nhave an unusually appealing personality.\n[83]\nChapter VIII\nAttracting the One You Want\nWill You marry the\none\nperson you have met w=\nhom you would\nlike most to marry, will you have to be content with a second choice,\nor will you have no choice at all? The answer will depend on how\nappealing a person you are. And frequently that appeal can be\nenhanced by knowledge of techniques for winning the romantic\ninterest of persons of the other sex.\nThe person who wants to win a mate must put three thoughts in\nthe prospective mate=E2=80=99s head. You must make that person feel the\nneed of a mate ... that you are the person who can best fit that\nneed ...", "chunk_index": 161, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 986, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_162", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "and that the time is ripe for marriage.\nFirst, let=E2=80=99s consider some of the things a girl can do to get a =\nman\nthinking along those lines:\n=E2=80=94She should talk about the man=E2=80=99s basic needs in a subtle=\n, impersonal\nway by discussing such things as good food, comfortable furniture, fireplac=\nes,\na place where one can bring friends. She gets his ideas on the\nstyle of home he likes, and gets his ideas about children. She does all\nthis in a friendly, optimistic way and avoids discussing some of the disadv=\nantages\nthat marriage often entails. Veterans are particularly responsive\nto such an approach because their shifting, destructive life as fighting\nmen has filled them with a profound desire to settle down to a comfortable,\ncreative life.\n=E2=80=94She appeals to the man=E2=80=99s yearning for mastery (which ev=\nery man\nhas) by giving him the opportunity to do most of the talking.", "chunk_index": 162, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 907, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_163", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "She follows\nhis words with genuine interest and tries to fall in with whatever\nmood he is in. And she enthusiastically accepts his ideas about places\nto go on dates and things to do.", "chunk_index": 163, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 182, "length_words": 34 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_164", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Definitely, she minimizes any mistakes\nthat he may make, blames him for nothing and keeps her complaints to\n[84]\nherself, or lets them come out only as friendly, constructive suggestions.<=\n/p>\n=E2=80=94She makes herself physically appealing.\n=E2=80=94She does not discuss any poor physical health she may have, nor=\ndoes\nshe discuss any bad breaks or her possible knack for always getting into\ntrouble.\n=E2=80=94She lets him get the impression that other men are interested i=\nn her,\nbut makes it plain that they do not interest her nearly as much as this\nparticular man.\n=E2=80=94She does not run down other girls.\n=E2=80=94She makes it clear that she is sure he must be popular, and ver=\ny successful\nin his work.\n=E2=80=94She talks casually about her married friends and gets across th=\ne idea\nthat they are terribly glad they married.\n=E2=80=94She strives to make every occasion with this man an enjoyable o=\nne.\n=E2=80=94Finally she is not afraid to let him know that she likes him an=\nd that\nhis feelings toward her matter a great deal.\nIn short, the girl constantly sets up conditioning situations which\nmake the man feel good inside for having been with her.", "chunk_index": 164, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1167, "length_words": 198 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_165", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Soon\nhe=E2=80=99ll start thinking that it would be nice to have that good feelin=\ng\ninside for the rest of his life. That is the mood in which proposals\ngerminate.\nWhat are some of the things a man can do to get a girl in a\nreceptive mood for a proposal? Here are a few:\n=E2=80=94If he is a shrewd, practical psychologist he can detect the chi=\nef\nsource of her feelings of inferiority. Most girls feel inferior about somet=\nhing,\nusually something about their appearance since that looms so\nimportant to them. Perhaps they are acutely conscious of big hands or\nthick ankles or mouse-colored hair. In such cases the man should reserve\nhis most enthusiastic compliments for those sites of anxiety.", "chunk_index": 165, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 696, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_166", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He does not\nneed to mention them specifically, but he should word the compliments\nin such a way that those features are obviously included in his admiration.\nThe girl will be so grateful that she will want to be with the man as\nmuch as she can just to hear him say such nice things.\n=E2=80=94The man should be =E2=80=9Cromantic=E2=80=9D if it kills him. H=\ne should remember\nthat women inherently are much more sentimental than men. If it weren=E2=80=\n=99t\nfor feminine sentiment there never would have been a Valentine=E2=80=99s Da=\ny.\nThe actual sex urge is not as strong in girls as it is in men, so they are<=\nspan class=3D\"pagenum\">\n[85]\nmuch more interested in the\nforms\nof courting than in sex expressi=\non\nitself. They want to be told again and again that you adore them.\n=E2=80=94The man, if he is adept, can play effectively on the girl=E2=80=\n=99s feeling of\ninsecurity.", "chunk_index": 166, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 881, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_167", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Security is the most important thing in the world to women.\nThough girls can make their own living nowadays, most of them still\nfeel their greatest chance for real security lies in marriage. How can the\nman play on these feelings of insecurity?=E2=80=94by talking to the girl in=\ndetail\nabout her job, about her aspirations, her plans for the future. He can\naccomplish the same result by the reverse technique of talking casually\nand impersonally about all the things that stand for security in a\nwoman=E2=80=99s mind.", "chunk_index": 167, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 518, "length_words": 87 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_168", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He can analyze house plans in a magazine with her; he\ncan talk about his own future at his job and the prospects that some day\nhe will have a job commanding respect and a substantial income.\n=E2=80=94The man should be self-assured with the girl and just a bit mas=\nterful.\nDespite all the feminine emancipation of the past few decades,\nwomen admire he-men and sometimes yearn to be swooped up, whisked\naway and relieved of all their problems.\n=E2=80=94He should be considerate and gentle with the girl and be carefu=\nl\nthat he observes all the amenities of politeness. Women are more impressed\nby etiquette than men.\n=E2=80=94He should be careful not to reveal any anxieties he has about h=\nis job\nor his future generally.\n=E2=80=94He should let the idea seep out that he is now in a marriageabl=\ne state\nof mind and that other girls seem interested in him.", "chunk_index": 168, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 857, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_169", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Girls have a more\nfiercely competitive spirit in their mate-seeking than men.\nFor people who are still a little baffled about the whole business\nof courtship, we can pass on a tried and true formula for winning\na mate. We have seen it work wonders in scores of cases.\nThe amusing thing is that it was not designed for snaring mates\nbut for snaring customers for American products such as refrigerators.\nIt is sometimes called the AIDA advertising formula, named\nfrom the first letters of the formula=E2=80=99s four key words=E2=80=94Atte=\nntion,\nInterest, Desire, and Action. To get a person to buy a refrigerator\nyou must first attract his attention, then generate an interest, instill\na desire to own the refrigerator, and then give him the final prod\nthat will impel him to go in and lay down his hard-earned money\nfor the machine.\n[86]\nWhen applied to your situation, it involves these four stages in\nwinning a mate: First, the prospective mate=E2=80=99s attention must be\ndirected toward you.", "chunk_index": 169, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_170", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Upon noticing you, he must see something\nthat will arouse his interest. Then he must be stimulated to have a\ndesire to know you better. When desire is aroused sufficiently, action\n(agreement to marry) results.\nThere are, of course, many approaches to attracting a person=E2=80=99s\nattention. A man has more liberties here in making himself seen\nthan a girl but let=E2=80=99s consider some of the socially-approved approa=\nches\na girl can make. She can arrange for relatives, friends and\nsocial and business acquaintances to introduce men to her. In this\nher role can appear passive. Or she can use the be-where-men-are\napproach by attending parties, meetings and community affairs\nwhich by their very nature bring her into contact with men.\nAfter winning the person=E2=80=99s attention=E2=80=94whether you are a m=\nan or\na girl=E2=80=94the best way to arouse his or her interest is through conver=\nsation=E2=80=94and\nnot just any conversation. Here out of the whole\nuniverse is one person before you.", "chunk_index": 170, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1000, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_171", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "What kind of person is he or she?\nWhat are his or her interests? Unharness your curiosity and ask\nfriendly, tactful questions. And you should make it clear that you\nregard the person=E2=80=99s answers as worth-while. Emphasize the\nyou=\nem>\nwith such questions as =E2=80=9CWhat do\nyou\nthink about ...=E2=80=\n=9D or =E2=80=9C\nYour\nidea is the most sensible I=E2=80=99ve heard yet.=E2=80=9D Whether you are =\nmale or\nfemale, learn to be a\ngood listener\n, or rather a\ngood interrog=\nator\n.\nLead the person into topics he or she seems to relish discussing,\nand if you see frowns or looks of discomfort change the subject.\nJim may be very much interested in photography. He will like\nyou if you ask him questions about his photography, whether he\ndevelops his own pictures, the kind of camera he has, the unusual\npictures he has taken. However, you must use insight.", "chunk_index": 171, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 860, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_172", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Nana may\nbe an expert stenographer but may not be very proud of her vocation\nand so would be more appreciative of questions about her\ntaste in clothes, about the different places she has lived, the books\nshe has enjoyed reading, the movie stars she likes, the places she\nhas visited.\nIf you are a congenial conversationalist you have undoubtedly\n[87]\ngone a long ways toward arousing the interest of this person whose\nattention you have. Now if you are still interested, begin asking\nmore personal questions about the person=E2=80=99s background. Perhaps\nthis does not come until after several dates. The aim is to arouse\nin this person a desire to know you still better. Tell him the things\nyou admire in the opposite sex. Intimate that you are sure he must\nbe very popular.", "chunk_index": 172, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 775, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_173", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "By attributing such a personality to him, you create\nin him a desire to know you better! Once this desire is firmly created,\na courtship has begun that may very well lead to the altar.\nWhat traits do people especially look for in mates? One study\nof college women and college men found these traits to be mentioned\nmost often:\nGIRLS WANT IN MEN\nMEN WANT IN GIRLS\nCongeniality\nIntelligence\nIntelligence\nBeauty of form and figure\nCompanionship\nCongenial companionship\n=E2=80=9CHandsome=E2=80=9D form and features\nNeatness\nWit\nAppealing dress\nGood nature\nGood sportsmanship\nNeatness\nModesty\nSincerity\nGood morals\nDependability\nSincerity\nGood sportsmanship\nWit\nSex appeal\nSense of humor\nFlexibility\nSex appeal\nGood morals\nHonesty\nHonesty\nTruthfulness\nGood manners\nFriendliness\nAt Penn State students were asked for the qualities they we=\nre\nlooking for in their future mate and a quite different list resulted.\nThey wanted their mate to have:\nHonesty\nGood health\nAffection\nLove for children\nCleanliness\nSame religion\nSense of humor\nNeatness\n=E2=80=9CGood background=E2=80=9D\nHave character\n[88]\n=\np>\nStill another survey shows that if mature men are asked what\nkind of woman they want for a wife, the majority will state that\nthey want a girl who is dark, reasonably slender, intelligent, with\na reasonably good figure, and is average to tall in height, and is\naffectionate in disposition.", "chunk_index": 173, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1385, "length_words": 219 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_174", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The emphasis here is on physical appearance.\nHowever, only 10 per cent of the men insist that the girl\nmust be =E2=80=9Cpretty.=E2=80=9D Only about fifteen per cent insist that t=\nheir wife\nbe a blonde, despite the glamorizing of the blonde, and thirty-three\nper cent of the men say that they do not want blondes under any\ncircumstances. Even the plump girl has a chance. About seventeen\nper cent of the men want a wife who is plump to solid.\n=E2=80=9CLooks=E2=80=9D certainly are a factor in one=E2=80=99s attracti=\nveness to the opposite\nsex, particularly with girls. But actually almost any girl can\nappear attractive to men if she has only one or two really attractive\nfeatures, providing she is intelligent enough to capitalize on them.\nShe may be flat-chested or knock-kneed but the men scarcely notice\nthat because she designs herself so that her bad features are not\nseen. The eye is directed to the good features, whether they be\nlustrous hair or luminous eyes.", "chunk_index": 174, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 970, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_175", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Some of the most famous stars in\nHollywood are either knock-kneed, thick-ankled or big-footed. The\nonly really ugly girls in this world are the freaks, the crude girls,\nthe girls who appear sexless, and the girls who look unhealthy.\n=E2=80=9CGood looking=E2=80=9D girls are the ones who make a good\nfi=\nrst\nimpression,\nand have such attractive personalities that the impression\npersists. There you have an important distinction. =E2=80=9CLooks=E2=80=9D =\nare important\nin attracting the possible mate=E2=80=99s attention. There is a psychologic=\nal\nfactor involved. For reasons of prestige a man usually\nwants to prove to his friends that he has picked a =E2=80=9Clooker=E2=80=9D=\nwhen he\nshows off his new girlfriend.", "chunk_index": 175, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 718, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_176", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But once the attention is secured,\nlooks for either a man or girl become decidedly secondary considerations.\nFrom then on a person stands or falls on his personality.\nA man can be an Adonis or a girl can be symmetrically perfect.\nYet they can bore you and you can=E2=80=99t get them out of your sight fast\nenough.\nWhat is the normal physical appearance of a man and woman?\nOne physician has found that the average woman has a height of\n[89]\nabout five feet four inches and weighs approximately 132 pounds.\nFor every inch of additional height she may add five pounds; for\nevery inch less of height she should subtract five. The man, on the\nother hand, has an average height of about five feet seven inches,\nor three inches higher than the girl. He should weigh about 142\npounds.", "chunk_index": 176, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 777, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_177", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For every inch of height more or less a man can add about\neight pounds, if he has his clothes on.\nSome women want their men to be =E2=80=9Ctall, dark and handsome=E2=80=\n=9D\nbut statistics would seem to indicate that only about one man in\ntwo hundred attains the height of six feet.\nSometimes young people develop terrible inferiority complexes\nbecause of specific ugly features they have. Since a feeling of confidence\nand poise is so important in winning a mate it might be\nadvisable for one with a bad nose, for example, to have a plastic\nsurgery operation. As everyone knows, plastic surgery made tremendous\nstrides in the recent war. A good plastic surgeon will\nremake your nose for a price averaging about three hundred dollars.\nThe operation itself requires less than an hour, and you may be\nout of circulation for only a couple of weeks. Such an operation\nleaves no scars because it is performed through the nostrils rather\nthan from outside.", "chunk_index": 177, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_178", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many other operations of this kind are possible:\noperations that will eliminate scars, that will improve a bad chin,\nthat will give the lips a configuration, etc. The operation may be\nworth while if it is the only way to remove a source of anxiety. In\nthese days of modern medical science, plastic surgery, orthodentistry,\ndermatology, etc. almost any person can rid himself of really abnormal\nfeatures. And once you have achieved fairly harmonious\nfeatures your personality is what counts.\nIt is significant that in defining a truly beautiful woman John\nPowers, the model agent, listed these four things as being in the\ntop ten ingredients of beauty:\nA radiant personality\nIntegrity of character\nComplete self-assurance\nIntellectual curiosity\n[90]\nOne Hollywood columnist wrote in his column the following\ntwo sentences that should cause anyone to think: =E2=80=9CBeauty is a drug\non the market.", "chunk_index": 178, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 896, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_179", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Personality can command any price.=E2=80=9D\nComplete self-assurance (tempered by modesty of course) is\nundoubtedly the most helpful characteristic anyone can have in\ncompeting for mates. The person who has an inferiority complex\nmay have developed it because of physical features which prey on\nhis mind, or because of some inadequate behavior in the past. He\nmay have made poor grades in school or not have been able to\nearn a letter in athletics.", "chunk_index": 179, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 447, "length_words": 73 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_180", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There are many ways to acquire self-confidence.\nHere are some:\nStarting a savings account\nGoing to the =E2=80=9Cright places=E2=80=9D\nParticipating in amateur shows\nDressing as well as you can\nOwning a good collection of books or classical records\nJoining a fraternity or fraternal organization\nTaking part in church activities\nBuying property or organizing a business\nBecoming a Scout Leader\nBut one of the best of all possible ways to rid yourself of an\ninferiority complex and to develop self-confidence is to become\nskillful in social activities that young people frequently enter into.\nLearn to be expert at tennis or golf or Ping-pong or bridge or\ncanoeing, or swimming or bowling or skeet-shooting or gin rummy,\nor saxophone playing, or being an amateur magician. Nothing\nbuilds up confidence faster than to possess a secret skill that interests\nor amuses people of the opposite sex. Most important of all, learn\nto be a skillful dancer.", "chunk_index": 180, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 944, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_181", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you can float about a dance floor it instills\nconfidence in you, and admiration in your dancing partner. Besides,\nyou will enjoy yourself more. And a person who knows how\nto enjoy himself is attractive to other people.\n[91]\nChapter IX\nIs the One You Want the One You Need?\nThe average young person considering his or her prosp=\nects of marriage,\nwe find, thinks only in terms of what he wants in a mate.\nBut actually anyone facing realistically the problem of selecting a\nmate should realize that three things, not one, ought to be considered:\n1. What you want. 2. What you need. 3. What you can get.\nPerhaps the ideal in your mind of the mate you want is not only\nsomething you can=E2=80=99t get but also something you have no need for.\nWhat you want may be unattainable in the community in which\nyou live.", "chunk_index": 181, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 810, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_182", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For example, if a girl would not marry a coal miner though\nshe lived in a small coal-mining community, she might either have\nto modify her standards, move to a different community, or become\nan old maid.\nOrdinarily you might think that the kind of mate you might\nwant would be the kind you would need. But it often happens\nthat a person=E2=80=99s desires are based on frivolous or impractical consi=\nderations;\nor upon the desire merely to =E2=80=9Cmarry into money.=E2=80=9D\nDuring the past several years, students in Penn State=E2=80=99s psycholo=\ngy\nclasses on preparation for marriage have been asked what amount\nof money they would consider an absolute minimum on which they\nwould be willing to marry. The girls consistently specified more\nthan the men. The average for the boys is $2,450, and for the girls\n$2,950. More than ten per cent of the girls have specified that they\nwill not marry until their groom has an income of more than five\nthousand dollars.", "chunk_index": 182, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_183", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Obviously such girls are insisting on incomes\nwhich are more than they need and almost certainly more than they\ncan get.\n[92]\nTake the case of Miriam, who specified that her man must be\nearning at least four thousand dollars a year before she will consider\nmarrying. She set the figure that high because she says she\nknows nothing about cooking or managing a home so will have\nto hire someone else to do that. This man she will be willing to\nmarry must be of =E2=80=9Csuperior intelligence=E2=80=9D (even though her i=\nntelligence\nis barely average), he must be six feet tall, be dark and handsome,\nbe a good dancer; he must have broad shoulders and a =E2=80=9Cstrong\nface.=E2=80=9D He must be a good Culbertson bridge player; he must smoke\na pipe; he must come from a =E2=80=9Cdistinguished=E2=80=9D family and must=\nbe\neither a physician or lawyer.", "chunk_index": 183, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 850, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_184", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Finally, she wrote, he must be a man\nwho will put her on an altar and worship her.\nMiriam has thought vaguely of children but thinks they should\nbe put off for at least five years so that she may follow a dancing\nor theatrical career if something should develop. It is conceivable,\nof course, that she can find such a man, but considering her background\nand talents we doubt that she could interest him in marriage.\nOften what we want in a mate is based upon our wants at the\nmoment rather than upon basic or long-range needs. A couple in\ntheir early twenties may insist that each be a good dancer as one\nof the main qualifications for marriage. They dance so much that\ndancing looms large in their life.", "chunk_index": 184, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 704, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_185", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But ten years from now, when\nthey will probably dance only a few times a year, it may be an\nunessential qualification while the ability to manage finances may\nadd to the total family income and help weather a serious depression.\nQualities that may make a boy or girl a wonderful date are not\nnecessarily the qualities that will make a wonderful mate. The two\ncan be profoundly different. A girl wants a date for a party or dance.\nShe wants a man who can dance, who will be admired as =E2=80=9Cgood\nlooking,=E2=80=9D who will be a =E2=80=9Cgood mixer,=E2=80=9D who may be a =\n=E2=80=9Ccatch,=E2=80=9D perhaps\na football star or a radio actor. While these may be qualities\nneeded for a date or dance, they probably will not be important\nqualities she will need in a mate for happiness in marriage.", "chunk_index": 185, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 795, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_186", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Don=E2=80=99t\nconfuse a =E2=80=9Cgood date=E2=80=9D with a =E2=80=9Cgood mate,=E2=80=9D f=\nor what you want in a\ndate may be far removed from what you need in marriage.\n[93]\nToo many times people fall in love with glamorous traits in the\nother. A girl =E2=80=9Cfalls in love=E2=80=9D with Bill because she loves h=\nis flattery\nor his dancing or his car or his taste in clothes. They cast such a\nhalo effect that the girl gives little thought to the fact that Bill is\na chronic heavy drinker. If she could see that his drinking will\nprobably wreck any marriage he undertakes, she could spare herself\nmuch heartache.\nSome people set their =E2=80=9Cmate goals=E2=80=9D so high that they wou=\nld rather\nremain unmarried than marry anyone below these standards.", "chunk_index": 186, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 756, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_187", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Years\nlater they may be terribly disappointed and frustrated as a result.\nIn the summer marriage classes at Penn State, which are largely\nmade up of unmarried school teachers, many have confessed that\nthey could have married when younger but somehow the man\ndidn=E2=80=99t seem quite good enough. Now, too old to hope to marry,\nmost of them wish they had been more practical in their middle\ntwenties and not have had to wait until the late thirties or futile\nforties to see their error.\nWe know of young men today who would seem to be excellent\nprospects for mates=E2=80=94and they actually favor the idea of marrying=E2=\n=80=94but\nwe would be willing to predict that they will be bachelors.\nThey are too fussy.", "chunk_index": 187, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 711, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_188", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They find something in every girl they go with\nthat does not conform to their idea of an ideal mate.\nHow do we come by our ideals for mates? During adolescence\nand childhood both boys and girls form in their mind some kind of\na =E2=80=9Cdream hero or heroine,=E2=80=9D a sort of =E2=80=9Cphantom lover=\n.=E2=80=9D He or she is\na composite of all the qualifications they want their future mate to\nhave. No such paragon ever exists in real life and the mental image\ndoes undergo some modifications as the individual grows older.\nOften this ideal has the qualities of some of the people we\nidolized in earlier years. Sometimes the qualities seem to be those\nof a favorite movie star, or of a heroine of literature. Sometimes\nthey are inspired by qualities of an admired parent or older brother\nor sister. If you were brought up in a home by an adored and deeply-loved\nmother, your =E2=80=9Cphantasy ideal=E2=80=9D may have almost all the good\nqualities of your mother.", "chunk_index": 188, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 965, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_189", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But if you were brought up in a home\nwhere you and your mother were in constant conflict, then you\n[94]\nmay be interested in avoiding in a mate all the qualities you associate\nin your mind with your own mother.\nPeople who cling to their phantasy ideal after they are grown up\ndo so largely because they cannot distinguish between what they\nwant and what they need. They are convinced that their wants\nand needs are identical. Their families and friends may try to show\nthem the difference but their immediate wants are all that they\ncan see.\nMost of us who are married can look back and can see that the\ngirl or man we yearned to marry at twenty would not be the kind\nof mate we need now. We thank Heaven that we did not marry\nthat one.\nThen what are the things we need in a mate? There are certain\nqualities that almost everyone would accept as desirable=E2=80=94qualities\nsuch as good health, sense of humor, fairness, dependability, unselfishness=\n,\npatience.", "chunk_index": 189, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_190", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And there are some traits that are so fundamental\nthat we will take them up in the next chapter under =E2=80=9CCrucial Traits\nfor a Happy Marriage.=E2=80=9D\nHowever, most all authorities are agreed that in considering\npossible mates you should in general seek someone who is roughly\nnear your own age, who has about the same education that you\nhave, who comes from approximately the same social-economic\nlevel that you do, and who is of the same nationality, race and\nreligion.\nIntelligence is important only in a relative sense=E2=80=94relative, tha=\nt\nis, to you. Feebleminded persons tend to marry feeble-minded persons.\nWhile geniuses cannot always marry geniuses, they do tend\nto marry highly intelligent people. The average man marries a\nwoman who is slightly less intelligent than he is. That=E2=80=99s why many\nbrilliant women never marry. They do not come in contact with\nsufficiently brilliant men, or fail to disguise their brilliance in order\nto win a man of somewhat less intelligence.", "chunk_index": 190, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_191", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "College males tell us\nthat they want a girl for a wife who is =E2=80=9Cintelligent,=E2=80=9D but =\nmakes\nthem feel they are still more intelligent!\nAnother thing we must concede: some people have wants which\n[95]\nare so intense that they become needs. We have a letter from a\nveteran, a young major. The girl he has long considered proposing\nto has everything he wants except beauty. He has gone with her for\nfour years. He is thirty-one, she is twenty-seven. She is sweet, understand=\ning,\naffectionate, is well educated and supporting herself. She\nis a good cook and an excellent companion. She is neat and clean\nand plain. But she is not pretty. He knows she loves him and he\nthinks he loves her but every time he thinks of proposing he is held\nback because she isn=E2=80=99t attractive. Perhaps he should not marry this\ngirl if her lack of beauty is going to gnaw at him the rest of his\nlife.", "chunk_index": 191, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 896, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_192", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "One alternative=E2=80=94and we suggested it=E2=80=94was that he sugge=\nst to\nher somehow that she take a course with a =E2=80=9Ccharm school.=E2=80=9D A=\nnother\nthought we suggested was that most beauty comes from within and\nthat ten years from now this girl would probably have a more\nappealing face than many of the so-called beauties of her own age\ntoday.\nIn considering what you need in a mate it might be helpful to\nconsider what are the important things to your happiness in life.\nA marriage will be good for you only if it helps you satisfy these\nbasic needs.\nThese needs=E2=80=94after you have achieved subsistence\nthrough food, shelter and clothing=E2=80=94are primarily psychological.\nIn considering whether any particular person would be a good\nmate for you, ask yourself these seven questions, based on the psychologica=\nl\nneeds you will want to satisfy:\nWill This Mate Bring You Social=\nApproval?\nYou will want a\nmate that other people will like, that other people will admire and\nrespect.", "chunk_index": 192, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1002, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_193", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You thus need a mate who is adept at getting along with\nother people. Will your friends like him and will the mate=E2=80=99s friend=\ns\nlike you? Will your parents think approvingly of the marriage?\nCan This Mate Offer You Securit=\ny?\nThis desire for security is a\nvery fundamental one, especially with girls. It is based upon the\nbodily need for food, shelter and clothing but is much more complex.\nWill this mate be kind and considerate and give you a feeling\nof confidence and stability? Will this mate refrain from gambling,\n[96]\ndrinking and other things that might imperil the security of your\nfuture home and children? In short, will this mate bring you a\nfeeling that you have an anchor that will keep you steady?\nWill This Mate Help You Get Ahe=\nad?\nThis involves the desire\nfor mastery, which is a universal human motive, particularly with\nmen. It produces the urge to succeed, to excel, to overcome obstacles,\nto keep on fighting, to master situations.", "chunk_index": 193, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_194", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is this desire for mastery\nthat makes a husband take a correspondence course which may\nlead to a job promotion. The girl wants a mate who will be\nambitious and the man needs a wife who will show initiative, who\nwill read books on how to prepare tasty dishes and how to rear\nchildren according to the best principles of child care, and who\nwill not become easily discouraged or frustrated.\nWill This Mate Embarrass You by=\nNonconformity?\nThe man\nwants a wife who will not act unbecomingly in public, who knows\nhow to say and do the right thing when other people are present,\nwho will conform to the customs that will cause the neighbors to\nthink well of her.", "chunk_index": 194, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 660, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_195", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The girl wants a man who is not discourteous or\nsloppy, who will get to work at the time he is supposed to report,\nwho will not embarrass her in public by doing things that will\nmake them criticized by others.\nWill This Mate Be Affectionate =\nWith You?\nWe all want to be\nappreciated, to be approved by our own mate, to be given spontaneous\ntokens of affection, to be told that we are loved. It is tied\nup with our desire for praise and recognition. The man wants his\nwife to cherish him, to build him up, to show him in many little\nways that she loves him, that she is close to him, and that she needs\nhim. And the wife, perhaps to an even greater degree, needs to feel\nshe is important to her husband, that he loves her and shows that\nlove in many little ways.\nWill This Mate Satisfy You Sexu=\nally?\nThere are many ways\nyou can detect before marriage whether such satisfaction can be\nachieved with this particular mate.", "chunk_index": 195, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 920, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_196", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Beware a person who shows a\nneurotic tendency, unconventional behavior, a craving for excitement,\n[97]\nan urge to be constantly on the go. Beware of both the prudes\nand of persons who seem preoccupied with sex. Beware of indications\nof jealousy and possessiveness. These symptoms suggest that\nthis person may not be able to find sexual satisfaction in marriage\nnor bring it to you.\nFinally, Can This Mate Talk Thi=\nngs Over With You?\nThis\nability, in our opinion, is one of the biggest single values in marriage.\nBeware of suspiciousness, of demands for explanation, of resentment,\nof continual criticism of others. These things suggest you\nmay be entangled with a nagger and a complainer who will constantly\ntry to improve you stead of dealing with you as a partner.\nYou will find it difficult to talk to such a person, to discuss your\nmutual problems.", "chunk_index": 196, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 853, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_197", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Being able to talk things over with another person\nwithout restraint=E2=80=94which psychologists call mutual psychotherapy=E2=\n=80=94is\nprobably one of the greatest things you can get out of marriage.\nIf a couple have confidence in each other, can confide their hopes,\nand their ambitions, can encourage and stimulate each other when\nfrustrated, then such a couple can go far in satisfying the basic\nneeds in their lives.\n[98]\nChapter X\nCrucial Traits for a Happy Marriage\nThus far we have talked about what young people think=\nthey want\nin their mates and about the basic needs, which a good mate should\nfill. But we still haven=E2=80=99t discussed the big question. What are the\nactual traits you should have and your mate should have if you are\nto achieve happiness in marriage? What makes a marriage happy\nor unhappy?\nA few years ago no reliable answer was available.", "chunk_index": 197, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 871, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_198", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But within the\npast few years a great deal of illuminating data has been turned up\nby investigators as a result of an upsurge of scientific interest in\nmarriage.", "chunk_index": 198, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 161, "length_words": 29 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_199", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This interest was aroused by the frightening rise in\nmarital bankruptcy as shown by the divorce trend.\nWhat are the characteristics actually found in happily married\nmates and unhappily married mates?\nTerman delved into the lives of 792 married couples and came out\nwith these conclusions about the qualities that usually go with both\nkinds of mates:\nHAPPY WIVES\nUNHAPPY WIVES\nHave kindly attitude toward\nothers\nOften have feelings of inferiority\nLike to help underdogs\nTend to be defensive or aggressive\nTend to be conventional\nEasily annoyed, irritated\nAre co=C3=B6perative\nOften join clubs only to get an\noffice or recogniti=\non in them\nStrong urge to save money\nExtreme in their views\nAre optimistic about life\nMore likely to be neurotic\nDo not take offense easily\nLose tempers easily\nLess interested in social\nactivities such as dances=\n[99]\nImpressed by thrilling situations\nLike to teach children\nSeek spectacular activities\nPut less importance on clothes\nWant to be on the move\nAre systematic homemakers\nShow little interest in housework\nDo less daydreaming\nNow how about the husbands? Here is what Terman found\nabout them:\nHAPPY HUSBANDS\nUNHAPPY HUSBANDS\nHave greater stability\nOften have feelings of inferiority\nAre co=C3=B6perative\nCompensate by browbeating\nwife and subordinates\nGet along well with business\nassociates\nDislike details\nAre somewhat extroverted\nMore radical about sex morality\nAre more conservative in\nattitudes\nInclined to be moody\nWilling to take initiative\nAre more argumentative\nTake responsibility easily\nLike recreations that take them\naway from home\nDo not get rattled easily\nApt to be careless about money\nAnother approach Terman made was to find out what husbands =\nand\nwives complain about most in their mates.", "chunk_index": 199, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1747, "length_words": 276 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_200", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He found that unhappily\nmarried couples were overflowing with complaints while happily married\ncouples voiced few criticisms. Here are the complaints he heard\nmost often:\nCOMPLAINTS FROM\nHUSBANDS\nCOMPLAINTS FROM\nWIVES\nWife=E2=80=99s feelings hurt too easily\nInsufficient income from husband\nWife too critical\nIn-laws\nTrouble with in-laws\nImpatience of husband\nWife nervous or emotional\nHusband=E2=80=99s poor management\nof income\nIncome managed poorly\nHis tendency to be critical\nHe has no =E2=80=9Cfreedom=E2=80=9D\nHis preferences in amusements\nWife has poor taste in\namusements\nHis failure to talk things over\nWife is a nagger\nHis failure to show affection\nWhen Terman had accumulated all of his findings, he devised=\n[100]\na =E2=80=9CPrediction of Marriage Happiness Scale=E2=80=9D by means of whic=\nh an\nunmarried person could determine his own chances of finding\nhappiness in marriage.", "chunk_index": 200, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 890, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_201", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This has nothing to do with the other person\ninvolved but simply tests your own capability of becoming a good\nmate for someone. He found what we have already indicated=E2=80=94that\nyour background largely predetermines your ability to be a successful\nmate. Of the factors he found most significant in predicting\nhappiness in marriage, ten stand out as most essential to success.\n1.\nAre your parents happily married?\n2.\nDid you have a happy childhood?\n3.\nWere you free from conflict with your mother?\n4.\nWas your childhood discipline firm but not harsh?\n5.\nDid you have a strong attachment to your mother?\n6.\nDid you have a strong attachment to your father?\n7.\nWere you free from conflict with your father?\n8.\nWere your parents frank with you about sex?\n9.\nWere you punished infrequently and mildly?\n10.\nIs your attitude toward sex free from disgust or avers=\nion?\nTerman says that any person who has all ten in his favor is=\na\nconsiderably better than average marriage risk.", "chunk_index": 201, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_202", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He gives emphasis\nto this by saying that any one of the ten factors seems to be more\nimportant to marriage happiness than does virginity of the individual\nat the time of marriage.\nAt Penn State, where the first all-college marriage counseling service\nin America was founded, an adaptation of Dr. Terman=E2=80=99s prediction\nscale is used, by special permission of Dr. Terman, along with\nthe Guilford-Martin Personnel Inventory I and other tests. But\nthe main device the Penn State clinic uses in building an over-all\n=E2=80=9Cindex=E2=80=9D of a person=E2=80=99s prospects for a happy marriag=\ne is the Adams-Lepley\nPersonal Audit, which was a product of Penn State=E2=80=99s own\ninvestigations.", "chunk_index": 202, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 695, "length_words": 109 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_203", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This Audit not only discloses your potentialities for\nbeing a good mate, and the potentialities of your possible mate, but\ngoes on to match your two profiles to see if you are compatible.\nThe happiest marriages, the clinic has found, are between persons\nwho not only are good prospects for marriage individually but who\nhave markedly similar personalities. The clinic calls this compatibility.\n[101]\nIt has found that\nopposites\nmay attract each other but it is the\nlikes\nwho achieve the happiest marriages together.\nIn the process of perfecting this Audit, the clinic not only tested\nit on thousands of persons and couples but followed up hundreds\nof those couples who later married, to find out how well the predictions\nbore up after the couple had been living with each other\na year or so as man and wife. (They bore up very well indeed.)\nNow the clinic believes it knows just what traits are crucial for\nmen to possess and what ones are crucial for women.", "chunk_index": 203, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_204", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "(They sometimes\ndiffer.)\nThe Audit measures you for nine separate and distinct traits of\npersonality=E2=80=94sociability, conformity, tranquillity, dependability, s=\ntability,\nidealism, steadiness, flexibility, and seriousness. A personality\ntrait has two extremes, just as height has the two extremes of tallness\nand shortness. These are the opposite poles for the nine traits\njust listed:\nReserved=E2=80=94Sociable\nBold=E2=80=94Fearful\nAgreeable=E2=80=94Nonconforming\nBroadminded=E2=80=94Idealistic\nTranquil=E2=80=94Irritable\nCalm=E2=80=94Emotional\nDependable=E2=80=94Evasive\nRigid=E2=80=94Flexible\nThoughtful=E2=80=94Frivolous\nLet=E2=80=99s consider these nine traits, and their signifi=\ncance when found\nin a mate. (You can also apply them to yourself.)\nTrait I.", "chunk_index": 204, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 766, "length_words": 85 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_205", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Is He Reserved or Soci=\nable?\nAnother way to put it is\nthis: =E2=80=9CIs he introverted or extroverted?=E2=80=9D The reserved pers=\non is\nusually quiet, ambitious, serious, agreeable with intimates and confines\nhis socializing to close friends. Sociable or extroverted people\nare extremely social and aggressive. They are talkative and carefree\nand sometimes show little regard for other people=E2=80=99s rights. They ar=\ne\nthe =E2=80=9Cglad-handers.=E2=80=9D Perhaps the man is a salesman, or the g=\nirl is a\nsorority president.\nThe Penn State investigators found, surprisingly, that the happily\nmarried men tended to be just a bit more impulsive, to be more\nsociable, to be more talkative and to have broader interests than did\nunhappily married men. Women on the other hand could tend to\n[102]\nbe either reserved or sociable and still be happy, as long as they were\nnot extreme introverts or extreme extroverts.\nTrait II.", "chunk_index": 205, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 924, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_206", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Is He an Agreeable So=\nrt, or Is He an =E2=80=9CIndividualist=E2=80=9D?\nThe agreeable person tends to conform to the norms set by society.\nHe is usually poised, co=C3=B6perative, can concentrate easily and tends\nto wholesome recreations. The individualist enjoys the idea of being\n=E2=80=9Cdifferent,=E2=80=9D is apt to hurt people=E2=80=99s feelings by hi=\ns brusqueness and\nimpatience with things that bore or irritate him. In extreme cases\nhe is bullheaded and argumentative.\nTrait III. Is He Tranquil or Ir=\nritable?\nThe tranquil person has\nan even disposition, works methodically, is patient, gets along well\nwith folks. The irritable person tends to =E2=80=9Cfly off the handle,=E2=\n=80=9D to be\neasily annoyed, to find fault, to be erratic and peevish.\nFor men tranquillity is a\ncrucial\ntrait, the Penn State investi=\ngators\nfound. The happily married man is less easily annoyed, less irritable,\nless peevish, less critical than the unhappily married man.", "chunk_index": 206, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_207", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "To a\ngirl this means she should be careful about marrying a man who is\nirritable. While it is desirable for the girl to be even-tempered too,\nthis trait is not as important for a girl as for a man. However, it\nwas found that when one of the two mates tends to be irritable and\nannoyed it is highly desirable for the other mate to be even-tempered.\nWhen you get two irritable persons under the same roof the explosions\nsoon force one to beat a retreat, sometimes into divorce.\nTrait IV. Is He Frank or Evasiv=\ne?\nThis is probably the most\ncrucial trait for marriage happiness that we know. The dependable\nperson is frank and truthful and conscientious. He gets along harmoniously\nwith others, is willing to accept responsibility, is stable\nand co=C3=B6perative. The evasive person is unwilling to face reality or\nto accept responsibilities. He =E2=80=9Cpasses the buck=E2=80=9D or project=\ns the blame\nfor things onto others. He exaggerates and often lies.", "chunk_index": 207, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 955, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_208", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He is easily\ndepressed and lacks integrity.\nPersons who rate high in dependability consistently are the ones\nwho are happiest in both marriage and their work. This one trait\nis at least as crucial to happiness in marriage for a girl as is the\n[103]\nentire complex of traits measured by Terman=E2=80=99s Prediction Scale.\nWhile it is most crucial for girls in marriage, it is also crucial for\nmen. For a girl it is unquestionably the most crucial trait we know.\nThis means that in considering any possible mate you should be\nparticularly careful to notice whether he or she is dependable or not\ndependable. Does he keep appointments, tell the truth and work\nconscientiously?\nTrait V. Is He Bold or Fearful?=\nThe =E2=80=9Cbold=E2=80=9D person is confident\nto the point of cocksureness. He is willing to carry out responsibilities,\nusually is carefree, stable, self-sufficient, and a bit dominant.\nThe unstable, or fearful, person is shy and changeable.", "chunk_index": 208, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_209", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He may\nseem withdrawn and rarely evinces qualities of leadership.\nThis trait is crucial for women and fairly important for men.\nA woman, to have a happy marriage, needs to show strong indications\nof stability, because in running her household alone she must\nbe self-assured and independent in emergencies when outside help\nisn=E2=80=99t available. A man should beware a woman who is exceedingly\nnervous or fearful, jittery or afraid. For the man it is important that\nhe be fairly stable, but without being reckless.\nTrait VI. Is He Broadminded or =\nIdealistic?\nThe broadminded\nperson is tolerant, flexible, practical, realistic. His temperament tends\nto be pleasant and smooth. The idealistic person shows strong attitudes.\nPrejudice, often disguised as =E2=80=9Chigh=E2=80=9D standards, may be pres=\nent.\nInferiority and peevishness are often found here.\nStop and think. The girl you want to marry is the one you hope\nwill be the mother of your children.", "chunk_index": 209, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 955, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_210", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You want her to instill reasonably\nhigh standards and ideals in the children. You want her to be\nconventional and not do things that will bring criticism. The happiest\nmarriages are those in which the wife has high standards and\nideals but not ones that are so stiff and unyielding that she can never\nsee any justification for a slip-up now and then. Unhappy marriages\nare those where the wives have standards that are very low and who\nbehave in unconventional or questionable ways. Our society encourages\nhigher standards and ideals for women than it does for\nmen. The man can be tolerant and easygoing but should have standards\n[104]\nsufficiently high so that he considers it important to be faithful\nto his wife, and does not waste his money in drink or gambling.\nTrait VII. Is He Calm or Emotio=\nnal?\nCalm persons have =E2=80=9Cnormal=E2=80=9D\nways of thinking. Their feelings are not intense.", "chunk_index": 210, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_211", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Persons whose\nwork requires objectivity and courage=E2=80=94such as surgeons and military\nleaders=E2=80=94score high at this level. Emotional people, in contrast,\nusually think in unorthodox ways. They are usually sensitive. Their\nfeelings are volatile and deep-seated. Interests in writing, drama,\narts, literature are often found here. Individualistic, creative work is\npreferred, and the person may appear temperamental or eccentric\nto others. Repression and sexual conflicts are common.\nSince the emotional person is intense and usually not too well\nadjusted, marriage may not prove too satisfactory. The trait of coolness\nor steadiness is much more crucial for men than for women.\nThe happiest married men seem to be those who are steady and free\nof excess emotion.", "chunk_index": 211, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 770, "length_words": 115 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_212", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This enables them to be objective in their work.\nA girl should be wary of selecting a mate who is very emotional,\nwho is too much interested in sex or who works in the movies or\nother work where there is a great deal of glamour and excitement.\nTrait VIII. Is He Rigid or Flex=\nible?\nThis is more important in\nmen than in women, and the man=E2=80=99s age determines whether he\nshould score high in rigidity or in flexibility. If the man is under\ntwenty-five it is well for the couple=E2=80=99s future happiness if he scor=\nes\nquite high in flexibility because marriage requires a great deal of\nadjusting and a certain amount of trying out new jobs is healthy\nfor a young man. However, flexibility in a man past thirty should\nmake a girl seriously question the advisability of marriage to him\nbecause he is apt to be permanently a =E2=80=9Cwill-o=E2=80=99-the-wisp=E2=\n=80=9D; his characteristics\nare pretty well set.", "chunk_index": 212, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_213", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A man in his thirties who changes\njobs frequently, who is not =E2=80=9Csettled,=E2=80=9D is not a good matrim=\nonial bet.\nTrait IX. Is He Thoughtful or F=\nrivolous?\nBeware of the girl\nwho is frivolous. She will be shallow and discontented; she will\nhave many unsettled problems; she will be worrying about her past\nas well as her future; she will have trouble making up her mind\n[105]\nand will seem to be at loose ends. She may nag and complain. For\nwomen, thoughtfulness ranks second only to dependability in importance\nto marriage happiness.\nThere you have the nine traits. As you have probably noticed, it is\nmuch more crucial for women to have the right personality traits\nthan for men. This is due largely to the fact that marriage looms\nmuch larger in a woman=E2=80=99s life than it does in a man=E2=80=99s. A wi=\nfe has\nto do the larger part of the =E2=80=9Cadjusting=E2=80=9D to marriage. She u=\nsually\nhas to give up her name, her job, her residence, and many of her\nfriends.", "chunk_index": 213, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 984, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_214", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The man can go on pretty much the same as he did before\nmarriage.", "chunk_index": 214, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 65, "length_words": 14 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_215", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The wife must spend the greatest part of her day being\na wife (homemaker) whereas the man serves actively in the role\nof husband only a few hours a day.\nIn summing up, what advice would we give the young man in\norder that he can select a mate who will be happy in marriage and\ncontribute to his happiness in marriage? Ideally, he might well\nlook for a girl:\nWho is frank and dependable,\nWhose family background has been such that she was reared in a\nhappy home,\nWho is thoughtful and not beset by conflicts revolving around her\nadjustments to the opposite sex,\nWho is stable and self-sufficient and free from neuroticism,\nWho is objective and free from excessive sensitiveness,\nWho is friendly, kindly and considerate,\nWho is co=C3=B6perative in her relations with others,\nWho is flexible and adaptable,\nWho is steady and free from emotional behavior,\nWho is tranquil and not easily irritated,\nWho has average to high standards and ideals,\nWho can be influenced by people who have sound ideas,\nWho is somewhat extroverted and carefree.\nAll of these traits of course are not vital but it is advisable that she\nfit into the general pattern outlined above.\nNext, what should a girl look for in a young man? Ideally, he\nshould be a man:\n[106]\nWho is tranquil and not easily irritated,\nWho is dependable and frank,\nWho is objective and has feelings that are not easily hurt,\nWho gets along easily with others,\nWho is co=C3=B6perative in group projects and likes to help people,\nWho is cool and free from emotionality,\nWho is concerned about what other people think of him,\nWho was reared in a happy home,\nWho is free of cares and has broad interests,\nWho is fairly well contented with his lot in life,\nWho can be influenced by others when their reasoning is sound.\nThe big question is how you can know if you and any prospective\nmate have qualities that make you good marriage risks.", "chunk_index": 215, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1878, "length_words": 336 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_216", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You will\nfind in the next chapter ten tests that should provide the answer.\nThey will record your rating on the nine traits we have just discussed,\nplus a rating on your family background.\n[107]\nChapter XI\nTest Your Mate and Yourself\nNow you are going to take ten tests that will record =\nhow well\nqualified you are to marry. Your over-all score will indicate your\nchances of achieving a happy marriage, with whomever you may\nmarry. These tests can be taken by either men or girls. And we\nsuggest that after you take the tests you have your favorite date\ntake them too. Then in the next chapter you can see how well you\nare matched.\nIn addition to scoring your desirability as a mate, the tests will\nhelp unveil for you your own personality. They will present you as\nyou appear to other people. Be honest with yourself. There are no\ncatch questions.\nIf you wish you can get a piece of paper to write your answers\non.", "chunk_index": 216, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 916, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_217", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you do this you will not mark up the book, nobody will know\nhow you answered, and any other person taking the tests will not\nbe influenced by your answers.\nDon=E2=80=99t look up the correct answers until you have finished all th=\ne\ntests. After you have completed all ten tests you can then see how\nthey should be scored. Some of these traits are more important to\nmarriage happiness than others, and some are more important for\none sex than the other. Be sure not to talk over any of the questions\nwith anyone until after you have taken all the tests.", "chunk_index": 217, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 555, "length_words": 104 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_218", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Now go ahead,\nand work rapidly.\nTRAIT I (Sociability)\nIndicate the degree of your liking for each of the following activities\nby drawing a circle around\nM\nif you would like it a great deal, ar=\nound\nS\nif you would have some liking for it, around\nL\nif you would have a=\nlittle\n[108]\nliking for it, around\nN\nif you would have practically no liking fo=\nr it.\n1.\nIntroducing strangers at a party.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n2.\nEntertaining a group of friends.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n3.\nRaising money for a charity.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n4.\nTaking part in some athletic contest.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n5.\nGoing on a picnic.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n6.\nPlaying games like golf, tennis, croquet, or =\ndarts.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n7.\nReading the sporting section of the newspaper=\n.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n8.\nPlaying games like bridge, pinochle or Monopo=\nly.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n9.\nKeeping a pet, such as a cat or dog.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n10.\nAttending a masquerade party.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n11.\nPerforming on the radio.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n12.\nBeing a delegate to a convention.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n13.\nMaking long-distance telephone calls to frien=\nds.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n14.\nPreparing for an examination by studying with=\nclassmates.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n15.\nHelping a stranded motorist change a tire.\nM\nS\nL\nN\nTRAIT II (Conformity)\nFifteen experts, each of whom had won success in a different field,\nwere asked to give an opinion of the statements below.", "chunk_index": 218, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1257, "length_words": 265 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_219", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "At least eight\nor more of the experts marked each statement below as true. Read each\nstatement, and if you agree with the experts that the statement is true,\ndraw a circle around\nA\n. If you agree but only with reservations, d=\nraw\na circle around\nR\n.", "chunk_index": 219, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 250, "length_words": 49 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_220", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you disagree with the experts, draw a circle\naround\nD\n.\n1.\nShows with scantily dressed performers should=\nnot be permitted.\nA\nR\nD\n2.\nNo cultured person would ever use profanity.<=\n/td>\nA\nR\nD\n3.\n[109]=\nThe right to vote should be given to persons =\nof 18 years of age.\nA\nR\nD\n4.\nNo person except a law officer should be perm=\nitted to own a pistol.\nA\nR\nD\n5.\nNo acceptable excuse can ever be made for sui=\ncide.\nA\nR\nD\n6.\nChildren owe their parents more than their pa=\nrents owe them.\nA\nR\nD\n7.\nFew people would be better off dead than aliv=\ne.\nA\nR\nD\n8.\nRich people are no happier than poor people.<=\n/td>\nA\nR\nD\n9.\nNatural resources should belong to individual=\ns rather than to the government.\nA\nR\nD\n10.\nParents can decently support and educate two =\nchildren in a city of 5000, with a total income of less than $200 per month=\n.\nA\nR\nD\n11.\nParents should be permitted to punish or whip=\ntheir children.\nA\nR\nD\n12.\nStealing cannot be excused on any grounds.\nA\nR\nD\n13.\nAnything injurious to the human body, such as=\ntobacco, should be outlawed.\nA\nR\nD\n14.\nHighly intelligent people are just as happy a=\ns average people.\nA\nR\nD\n15.\nThe average person needs more mathematics tha=\nn the eighth grade provides.\nA\nR\nD\nTRAIT III (Tranquillity)\nBelow is a list of the common annoyances which affect most people to\nsome extent.", "chunk_index": 220, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1314, "length_words": 266 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_221", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Indicate your degree of annoyance for each of them by\ndrawing a circle around\nM\nif it annoys you much, around\nS\n=\nif it annoys\nyou some, around\nL\nif it annoys you a little, and around\nN\nif it never\nannoys you.\n1.\nTo have stop light turn red as you drive up t=\no it.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n2.\nTo drop an article when you have your arms fu=\nll.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n3.\nTo have to stand up in a streetcar or bus.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n4.\n[110]=\nTo have to talk when you don=E2=80=99t feel l=\nike it.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n5.\nTo be interrupted when reading a very interes=\nting story.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n6.\nTo have a casual visitor outstay his welcome.=\nM\nS\nL\nN\n7.\nTo be detained when you are in a hurry.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n8.\nTo listen to radio when static is bad.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n9.\nTo have someone break an engagement at the la=\nst minute.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n10.\nTo be interrupted when you are talking.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n11.\nTo have someone read over your shoulder.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n12.\nTo miss a streetcar or bus.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n13.\nTo have movie film break at an exciting point=\n.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n14.\nTo burn your mouth or tongue with hot food or=\nbeverage.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n15.\nTo be accidentally locked out of your car or =\nhome.\nM\nS\nL\nN\nTRAIT IV (Dependability)\nOf the statements below, draw a circle around\nT\nfor the ones yo=\nu believe\nto be usually true; draw a circle around\nD\nfor the ones whose trut=\nh\nyou doubt; and draw a circle around\nF\nfor the ones usually false.<=\n/p>\n1.\nProhibition encouraged many people to drink w=\nho had never drunk before.\nT\nD\nF\n2.\nAn unpopular person could often become popula=\nr by lowering his standards of conduct.\nT\nD\nF\n3.\nPeople who date a great deal before marriage =\noften make poor marriage mates.\nT\nD\nF\n4.\nStudents who are always taking the lead in cl=\nass discussions are usually trying to get attention.\nT\nD\nF\n5.\nPolicemen =E2=80=9Cbawl out=E2=80=9D people l=\nargely to satisfy their own sense of importance.\nT\nD\nF\n6.\n[111]=\nPeople of high ideals usually have fewer frie=\nnds than individuals whose ideals are not of the highest.\nT\nD\nF\n7.\nA person is often a failure because of very h=\nigh ethics.\nT\nD\nF\n8.\nThe very pretty girl with little ability ofte=\nn is more successful than the plain girl who has real ability.\nT\nD\nF\n9.\nWhat you know is not so important to success =\nas whom you know.\nT\nD\nF\n10.\nGetting the breaks is more important to succe=\nss than being well qualified.\nT\nD\nF\n11.\nFew employees would loaf on the job if they w=\nere paid sufficient wages.\nT\nD\nF\n12.\nMan is powerless in the hands of fate.\nT\nD\nF\n13.\nPeople often try to impress others by saying =\nthat they are very fond of =E2=80=9Chighbrow=E2=80=9D music and books.\nT\nD\nF\n14.\nThe law is harder on the poor man than on the=\nrich man.\nT\nD\nF\n15.\nThe good =E2=80=9Cbluffer=E2=80=9D succeeds n=\nearly as well as the person who can deliver the goods.\nT\nD\nF\nTRAIT V (Stability)\nBelow is a list of the common fears that most people experience to some\nextent.", "chunk_index": 221, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 2832, "length_words": 606 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_222", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Indicate your degree of fear for each of these things by drawing\na circle around\nM\nif you would usually have considerable fear, aro=\nund\nS\nif you would usually have some fear, around\nL\nif you would have a =\nlittle\nfear, and around\nN\nif you would usually feel no fear.\n1.\nBeing buried alive.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n2.\nBeing bitten by a snake while walking alone i=\nn the woods.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n3.\nBeing drowned at sea or while swimming.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n4.\nFriends losing confidence in you because of u=\nntrue rumors.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n5.\nWalking past graveyards alone late at night.<=\n/td>\nM\nS\nL\nN\n6.\nHaving friends learn about your worst faults.=\nM\nS\nL\nN\n7.\nTouching mice, rats, worms, or lizards.\n[112]\nM\nS\nL\nN\n8.\nLosing your wife or sweetheart to somebody el=\nse.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n9.\nGetting too deeply in debt or having financia=\nl misfortune.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n10.\nLooking down from the edge of a precipice.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n11.\nBeing punished in the next world.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n12.\nElevator falling while descending from the to=\np of a skyscraper.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n13.\nLosing your mind or becoming insane.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n14.\nLosing your eyesight.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n15.\nListening to radio horror story late at night=\nwhile alone.\nM\nS\nL\nN\nTRAIT VI (Standards and Ideals)\nIndicate the degree of your dislike for each of the following activities=\nor\nthings by drawing a circle around\nM\nif you would dislike it a grea=\nt deal,\naround\nS\nif you would dislike it some, around\nL\nif you wo=\nuld have a\nlittle dislike for it, and around\nN\nif you would have no dislike f=\nor it.\n1.\nA person who brags about his achievements.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n2.\nIndividuals who always put the blame on someb=\nody else.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n3.\nStorekeepers who never make mistakes except i=\nn their favor.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n4.\nExtreme pessimists or people who always expec=\nt the worst.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n5.\nA girl who is a gold-digger.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n6.\nThe person who =E2=80=9Cforgets=E2=80=9D to p=\nay his share of the check.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n7.\nPeople who are never on time for appointments=\n.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n8.\nPeople who have little control over their tem=\npers.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n9.\nThe girl who uses excessive make-up.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n10.\nPeople who cheat on examinations.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n11.\n[113=\n]\nIndividuals who are careless and indifferent =\nabout dress.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n12.\nRadicals or reactionaries who impose their vi=\news upon you.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n13.\nIndividuals who are always bored and never ha=\nve a good time.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n14.\nA person who gambles for money.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n15.\nListening to scandalous gossip.\nM\nS\nL\nN\nTRAIT VII (Steadiness)\nEach word in capitals is followed by four words.", "chunk_index": 222, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 2465, "length_words": 525 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_223", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Draw a circle around\nthe word that seems to you to go most naturally with the word in capitals.\nMark only one word in each line.\nFor example:\nTRAVEL\nboat\nship\ntrain\ncar\nHere\ncar\nhas been encircled. There are no right or=\nwrong answers.\nWork rapidly.\n1.\nPAST\nyesterday\nforget\nsorrow\nhidden\n2.\nSLEEP\nrest\ndream\nneed\ntogether\n3.\nIMMORAL\nvulgar\nperson\nvile\ncriminal\n4.\nDREAM\nvision\nnight\ntrance\nromance\n5.\nLOVE\nadore\nesteem\nworship\nyearn\n6.\nBABY\nhome\nfuture\nunwanted\ncost\n7.\nLONELY\nsolitary\nfriendless\nmiserable\nforsaken\n8.\nDEBT\nobligation\nweight\nnecessary\nnightmare\n9.\nSWEETHEART\nlove\nengaged\nwistful\nlost\n10.\nMONEY\ncurrency\npay\nlack\nurgent\n11.\nENEMY\nfoe\nhated\ndangerous\ndestroyed\n12.\nFILTHY\ndirty\ndisgusting\nmind\nbody\n13.\nPARENT\nhome\nlove\ndepend\nstrict\n14.\nSIN\nwrong\nvice\nguilt\nblack\n15.\nREVOLTING\ndistasteful\nrepulsive\nloathsome\ndegrading\n[114]\n=\nTRAIT VIII (Flexibility)\nBelow is a list of activities or things.", "chunk_index": 223, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 911, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_224", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you feel about the same way\ntoward them now that you did three or four years ago, draw a circle\naround\nS\n. If you have partly changed your feelings toward them, dr=\naw\na circle around\nP\n.", "chunk_index": 224, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 190, "length_words": 40 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_225", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If your feeling now is considerably different f=\nrom your\nfeeling three or four years ago, draw a circle around\nD\n.\n1.\nPacifism.\nS\nP\nD\n2.\nLabor unions.\nS\nP\nD\n3.\nLess governmental supervision of business.\nS\nP\nD\n4.\nOld-age pensions.\nS\nP\nD\n5.\nSit-down strikes.\nS\nP\nD\n6.\nSocialization of medicine.\nS\nP\nD\n7.\nEmphasis that colleges place upon activities.=\nS\nP\nD\n8.\nThe Soviet Union.\nS\nP\nD\n9.\nDistribution of wealth.\nS\nP\nD\n10.\nCapital punishment.\nS\nP\nD\n11.\nSterilization of the feeble-minded.\nS\nP\nD\n12.\n=E2=80=9CWork-or-starve=E2=80=9D relief legis=\nlation.\nS\nP\nD\n13.\nNeed for polls like the Gallup or\nFortu=\nne\npolls of public opinion.\nS\nP\nD\n14.\nBasing taxation on the ability to pay.\nS\nP\nD\n15.\nPreferences for styles of homes.\nS\nP\nD\nTRAIT IX (Seriousness)\nBelow is a list of topics which people consider to some extent at one\ntime or another.", "chunk_index": 225, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 837, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_226", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Will you indicate the degree of thinking you have given\neach of them during the past year by drawing a circle around\nM\nif =\nyou\nhave done much thinking; around\nS\nif you have done some thinking;\naround\nL\nif you have done a little thinking; and around\nN\n=\nif you have\ndone no thinking.\n1.\nResponsibilities that parents and children sh=\nould share.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n2.\n[115]=\nProper training of children.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n3.\nImmoral influences of movies on children.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n4.\nSmoking of cigarettes by girls and women.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n5.\nImportance of regular saving of part of incom=\ne.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n6.\nUse of the atomic bomb in warfare.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n7.\nRegular attendance of religious services.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n8.\nThe way or place to spend your vacation.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n9.\nStricter censorship of books and magazines.=\ntd>\nM\nS\nL\nN\n10.\nLearning to dance, ski, skate, etc.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n11.\nPunctuality on a job or regular class attenda=\nnce.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n12.\nGetting better grades at school or working fo=\nr a promotion.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n13.\nThe cost of living.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n14.\nLife after death.\nM\nS\nL\nN\n15.\nAutomobile accidents caused by reckless drivi=\nng.\nM\nS\nL\nN\nTRAIT X (Family Background)\nBe absolutely truthful in taking this test; try to be objective and hone=\nst\nwith yourself.", "chunk_index": 226, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1209, "length_words": 254 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_227", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Answer\nYes\nor\nNo\nif possible; if you can=\n=E2=80=99t decide\nYes\nor\nNo\n, then circle the question mark.\n1.\nWere your own parents quite happily married?<=\n/td>\nYES\n?\nNO\n2.\nDid you have a happy childhood?\nYES\n?\nNO\n3.\nDid you have a great deal of love and affecti=\non for your mother?\nYES\n?\nNO\n4.\nDid you have a great deal of love and affecti=\non for your father?\nYES\n?\nNO\n5.\nDid you get along well with your mother witho=\nut any serious conflict?\nYES\n?\nNO\n6.\nDid you get along well with your father witho=\nut any serious conflict?\nYES\n?\nNO\n7.\n[116]=\nWas your home discipline firm but not harsh?<=\n/td>\nYES\n?\nNO\n8.\nWas the punishment that you received both mil=\nd and infrequent?\nYES\n?\nNO\n9.\nIs your present attitude toward sex free from=\ndisgust or aversion?\nYES\n?\nNO\n10.\nWas at least one of your parents easy to talk=\nto, and frank, about matters of sex?\nYES\n?\nNO\n11.\nWere you reared in either the country, a smal=\nl town, or the suburbs of a city?\nYES\n?\nNO\n12.\nDo you go to church three or four times (or m=\nore) every month?\nYES\n?\nNO\n13.\nAre you regularly employed?\nYES\n?\nNO\n14.\nDo you have many friends of your own sex?\nYES\n?\nNO\n15.\nDo you belong to three or more social organiz=\nations?\nYES\n?\nNO\nDirections for Scoring Your Tests\nDo\nnot\nread these scoring directions until after you have taken\nthe tests.", "chunk_index": 227, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1306, "length_words": 269 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_228", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "When you have marked the tests according to the directions,\nthen you are ready to score them. Because all the tests are\nnot scored in the same way, be sure you score them very carefully.\nAfter having done so, then turn to the\nfurther\ndirections, some of\nwhich apply to a man, some of which apply to a girl.\nTest for Trait I.\nFor ea=\nch item that you have marked\nM\n, give\nyourself three points; for each one that you marked\nS\n, give yourse=\nlf\ntwo points; for each item that you marked\nL\n, give yourself one\npoint. Items marked\nN\nare counted zero. Then add these numbers\nup for your\ntotal\nscore on Trait I. For example, if you marked fou=\nr\nof the fifteen items\nM\n, that would give you twelve points; let us\nsay you also marked five items\nS\n, that would be five times two\npoints, or ten more points; if you marked three items\nL\n, that woul=\nd\nbe another three points. That would leave three items that you\nmarked\nN\nfor which you get no credit.", "chunk_index": 228, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 189 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_229", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Your total score on Trait I\nwould then be 12 + 10 + 3 =3D 25 points.\n[117]\nTest for Trait II.\nFor e=\nach\nA\nyou marked, you get two points and\nfor each\nR\nyou get one point. Items that you answered\nD\na=\nre\ncounted zero. Add these up for your total score.\nTest on Trait III.\nThe s=\ncoring is reversed on this test from that\nused for Trait I. On Trait III,\nM\nis scored zero, each\nS\n=\ngets credit of\none point, each\nL\ngets credit of two points, and each\nN\ng=\nets credit\nof three points.\nTest on Trait IV.\nYou ma=\nrked the items on this test either,\nT\n,\nD\n,\nor\nF\n. Those you marked\nT\nare scored zero.", "chunk_index": 229, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 594, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_230", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For each\nD<=\n/em> answer you\nget one point, and for each\nF\nanswer you get two points.\nTest on Trait V.\nEach ma=\nrked\nM\ngets zero credit, each\nS\ngets one\npoint, each\nL\ngets two points, and each\nN\ngets three poin=\nts.\nTest on Trait VI.\nEach <=\nem>M gets three points, each\nS\ngets two points,\neach\nL\ngets one point, and\nN\nreceives no credit.\nTest on Trait VII.\nThis =\nis the test in which four words come after\neach word in capitals. The first of the four words gets three points\nif circled, the second gets two points, the third word gets one point,\nand the last word receives no credit. Take the word PAST. If you\nmarked it\nyesterday\n, or the word in the first column, you get thre=\ne\npoints; if\nforget\nis circled instead you would get two points. If =\nyou\nmarked it\nhidden\n, you get no credit for that word. Add all your\npoints for your total score.\nTest on Trait VIII.\nThe =\nitems in this test were marked\nS\n,\nP\n, or\nD\n.\nItems marked\nS\nget no credit.", "chunk_index": 230, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 951, "length_words": 198 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_231", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For each item marked\nP\n, giv=\ne yourself\none point credit; for each item marked\nD\n, give yourself two\npoints credit.\nTest on Trait IX.\nEach <=\nem>M gets three points; each\nS\n, two points;\neach\nL\n, one point, each\nN\ngets no credit.\nTest on Trait X.\nIn this=\ntest you were asked to mark your answers\neither\nYes\n,\n?\n, or\nNo\n. For each\nYes\n, giv=\ne yourself ten points; for each\nquestion mark, credit yourself with five points. You receive no\ncredit for any question that you answered\nNo\n.\n[118]\nIf you have followed carefully the directions that have been given\nyou, you now have ten separate raw scores, one for each of the ten\ntraits on which you were tested. We are now ready to see what these\nscores mean.", "chunk_index": 231, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 706, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_232", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Using the little outline below, put down your scores.\nYOUR RAW SCORE\nTrait\ni\nTrait\nvi\nTrait\nii\nTrait\nvii\nTrait\niii\nTrait\nviii\nTrait\niv\nTrait\nix\nTrait\nv\nTrait\nx\nNOW FIND YOUR ADJUSTED SCORE\nIf you are a man\nIf you are a woman\nTrait\ni\n(Repeat raw score)\n(Repeat raw score)\nTrait\nii\n(Repeat raw score)\n(Repeat raw score)\nTrait\niii\n(Double raw score)\n(Repeat raw score)\nTrait\niv\n(Double raw score)\n(Multiply raw score by 4)\nTrait\nv\n(Repeat raw score)\n(Double raw score)\nTrait\nvi\n(Repeat raw score)\n(Repeat raw score)\nTrait\nvii\n(Double raw score)\n(Repeat raw score)\nTrait\nviii\n(Repeat raw score)\n(Repeat raw score)\nTrait\nix\n(Repeat raw score)\n(Double raw score)\nTrait\nx\n(Repeat raw score)\n(Repeat raw score)\nTotal Score\n(add the 10 scores)\nTotal Score\nThus, if you were a man you repeated all of your original =E2=80=9Craw=\n=E2=80=9D\nscores except in traits III, IV, and VII where you doubled the raw\nscore. For example if your raw score on III was twenty-eight your\nadjusted score should be fifty-six.", "chunk_index": 232, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_233", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Likewise if you were a girl you\nrepeated your raw scores in all but IV, V, and IX. You quadrupled\nthe score on IV and doubled each of the other two.\nInterpretation of Your Final Adjusted Scores\nTrait I.\nIf your score w=\nas thirty or above you would seem to be a\nvery sociable person, quite fond of the company of others, one who\nhas very broad interests, and who will probably enjoy talking things\n[119]\nover with your mate. A score of twenty-five is about average. If your\nscore is twenty or less, you are probably cautious about making\nfriends, have rather specialized interests, and are not very talkative\nunless the topic is quite interesting to you. It may be wise, if you\nhave a low score, to try to develop more friends, have more of a\nsocial life, and to get out of your shell.\nTrait II.\nIf your score =\nwas fifteen or more you are probably a conforming\nperson, agreeable and poised.", "chunk_index": 233, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 891, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_234", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You tend to be co=C3=B6perative\neven though you are positive and firm when your mind is made up.\nA score of eleven is average. If your score was eight or less, you\nmay be bullheaded, domineering, and argumentative. It may be\nwise, if you have a low score, to try to remember that the other\nperson has a right to his own opinion and that you may lose friends\nand make enemies unless you act more diplomatically.\nTrait III.\nIf your score=\nwas fifty-six or more if a man, or twenty-eight\nor more if a girl, you are probably a tranquil person who is\nnot easily irritated or annoyed. You rarely =E2=80=9Cfly off the handle=E2=\n=80=9D or\nbecome impatient; this is particularly important if you are a man.\nA score of forty-six for a man or twenty-three for a girl is typical or\naverage. If your score is thirty-six or less if a man or eighteen or less\nif a girl, you are probably an irritable person who is easily annoyed.\nYou may lose your temper too easily and stay peeved too long.", "chunk_index": 234, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_235", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You\nshould make an effort to control your temper and to think before\nyou speak, especially when you are annoyed or provoked.\nTrait IV.\nIf your score =\nis fifty or more if you are a man, or one\nhundred or more if you are a girl, you would seem to be a frank,\ndependable person who makes few excuses and who tries to face\nreality and do a good job. A score of forty for a man and eighty for\na girl are average. If you are a man and have a score of thirty or\nless or are a girl and have a score of sixty or less, you tend to blame\nyour mistakes on others, may shirk your responsibilities, exaggerate\nand daydream too much. If your score was low, you should try to\nimprove, especially if you are a girl for whom this trait is quite\n[120]\ncrucial in marriage happiness.", "chunk_index": 235, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 764, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_236", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Try to be more honest with yourself\nand others; be less unreasonable, and stop being suspicious and\nresentful of people who do not think and act as you do.\nTrait V.\nIf you are a ma=\nn and have a score of forty or more, or are\na girl and have a score of eighty or more, you would appear to be a\nstable person, confident, and responsible. You can work with others\nor can work by yourself without getting lonely and depressed. An\naverage score is thirty for a man or sixty for a woman. If you are\na man and have a score of fifteen or less, or are a girl with a score\nof thirty or less, you may be unstable, nervous, and fearful. You may\nfeel inferior at times and get blue and discouraged. You need to\nraise your opinion of yourself.", "chunk_index": 236, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 730, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_237", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Acquire more social skills, train\nyourself to be very good or expert in something like a sport or a\nhobby.\nTrait VI.\nIf your score =\nwas thirty or above, you would seem to have\nextremely high ideals and standards, especially if you are a man.\nWhile this is generally desirable, don=E2=80=99t permit yourself to become\ntoo intolerant or prejudiced about others. A score of twenty-five\nis average. A score of twenty or less is low and may indicate that\nyou are too broadminded, too flexible and expedient in your standards\nand ideals. Watch this because you are not the sort of person\nwho should let himself go. Keep a firm grip on yourself, and\nremember it is easier never to begin a bad habit than it is to break\none.\nTrait VII.\nIf your score=\nis eighty or more if you are a man, forty or\nmore if you are a girl, you are probably a very objective person who\nthinks like most other people think.", "chunk_index": 237, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 894, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_238", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You are probably quite steady,\nlook at things dispassionately, and are neither repressed nor hypercritical=\n.\nA score of seventy for a man, or of thirty-five for a girl\nis average. A score of sixty or less for a man or of thirty or less for a\ngirl may indicate that you are temperamental and emotional. You\nmay, at times, appear peculiar and odd to your friends. You may be\nrepressed. Associate as much as possible with others. Don=E2=80=99t be the\nfirst to suggest something different or the last to give in.\n[121]\nTrait VIII.\nIf your scor=\ne is twenty-two or more, you would seem\nto be a person whose attitudes and interests are flexible and adaptable\nespecially if you are in the twenties. If you are in the thirties\nor forties a high score is probably less desirable than an average\nscore. A score of thirteen is average.", "chunk_index": 238, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 825, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_239", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If your score is eight or less,\nyou would seem to be a very persistent person whose attitudes and\ninterests are so fixed and rigid that you may find it difficult to adjust\nreadily in marriage. Especially would that seem to be the case if you\nare in the twenties.\nTrait IX.\nIf you are a m=\nan and your final score is thirty or above;\nor if you are a girl whose adjusted (doubled) score is sixty or more,\nyou would seem to be a thoughtful person who has done considerable\nthinking about marriage and its responsibilities. Particularly\ndoes this seem to be true of women. Attitudes toward marriage\nwould appear to be wholesome and concerned about making the\nmarriage a success. A score of twenty-four for a man or of forty-eight\nfor a girl is average.", "chunk_index": 239, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 748, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_240", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A score of eighteen or less for a man or of\nthirty-six or less for a girl is low and suggests that you may be\nimmature in your thinking and that you have not given much consideration\nor thought to the responsibilities of marriage.\nTrait X.\nThis test measu=\nred your family background to see if you\nhad been reared in the kind of home in which parents and circumstances\nwere favorable to developing traits and attitudes essential to\nhappy marriage. If you scored 120 or more, and remember the\nhigher the score the better, your family background was conducive\nto your happiness in marriage. A score of one hundred is average.\nIf you scored eighty or less, it would seem that your family background\nwas not one that tended to develop in you the traits and\nattitudes necessary for happiness in marriage.\nSummary\nYou took a total of ten tests. If you followed the directions, you\nhave scored them correctly.", "chunk_index": 240, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_241", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "(If you were a man, you doubled your\nscores on Traits III, IV, and VII before you interpreted them. If\nyou were a girl, you doubled your scores on Traits V and IX and\n[122]\nquadrupled, or multiplied by four, the score you earned on Trait\nIV.) After having made these adjustments, you then read the interpretations\nand saw how you compared with other people of your\nown sex. Perhaps your prospective mate also took the tests and both\nof you now know how you stand as individuals.\nWe hope you and your mate made average to high scores on all of\nthese tests. But now you want to know if you are the sort of person,\nand if your mate is the sort of person, who will be happy in\nmarriage.\nGo back to your final adjusted scores on the ten tests. Add all ten\nof these test scores together if you have not already done so to see\nwhat the total is.\nIf you are a man, and your total is 450 or above you would seem\nto be the sort of person who has an excellent chance of finding\nhappiness in marriage.", "chunk_index": 241, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 195 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_242", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This is particularly likely to be the case if\nyou also made high scores on Traits III, IV, VII, and X. If you\nmade a score of about 350 you would seem to be a person who has\nabout an average chance of achieving marriage happiness. If you\nmade a score of 265 or less, you will need to use great care in selecting\nyour mate and be willing to work very hard at making your\nmarriage happy.\nIf you are a girl and if your score is five hundred or more, you are\nthe kind of person who would seem to have an excellent chance of\nbeing happy in marriage. Especially is this likely to be the case if\nyou made high scores on Traits IV, V, IX, and X. If you made a\nscore of about four hundred, your chances would seem to be about\naverage that you will find happiness in marriage.", "chunk_index": 242, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 766, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_243", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A score of three\nhundred or less is not too favorable to happiness in marriage.\nIn our next chapter you are going to be able to compare your\ntesting partner with yourself and see if the two of you would be\nlikely to be happy (if you married\neach other\n). So far we have jus=\nt\ntried to find out if you, or if your mate, is likely to be happy in whateve=\nr\nmarriage is entered upon. In this next chapter we want to find\nout if you\ntwo\npeople are likely to be happy in your marriage to\neach other. You will have need for the final (adjusted) scores on\n[123]\neach of the ten tests, as well as your final or total score you calculated\nby adding the ten separate scores.", "chunk_index": 243, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 665, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_244", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "With these scores for both\nyourself and your mate, plus the answers to several other questions,\nyou will be able to find out if the two of you are likely to be happy\nwhen you marry each other.\n[124]\nChapter XII\nNow, See How You Match as a Couple!\nIn the last chapter you=E2=80=94and perhaps a testing=\npartner=E2=80=94took ten\ntests to determine your individual chances of achieving happiness\nin marriage. The tests recorded your rating on nine important personality\ntraits and on your family background.\nNow we will see how well matched you are.", "chunk_index": 244, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 546, "length_words": 94 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_245", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is possible that you\ncan get a rough idea how well you are matched to an absentee\nperson without having him take any of the tests in these two chapters.\nSuggestions for procedure in such a case are given at the end\nof this chapter.\nHowever, it is much more desirable, if you want\na really accurate picture, to have the other person take the tests and\ndo the matching with you.\nThe matching of you two will be based not only on the scores you\nmade in the ten tests just taken and your total score on the tests, but\nalso on ten other factors which we have found are important in\npredicting marital success. They include such things as age, education,\nlength of courtship and tendency to quarrel. These factors\ntogether with your test results will present an accurate over-all\npicture of your compatibility for marriage, or lack of it.", "chunk_index": 245, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 835, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_246", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And incidentally\na =E2=80=9Cmatching=E2=80=9D of two people is not as important when both\nthe man and the girl made a\nhigh\nscore (above four hundred) in the\nten tests just taken as it is if one made a low score and the other\na high score, or if both made low scores.\nFirst of all let=E2=80=99s pair up your scores on those ten tests in the=\nlast\nchapter to see what your scores mean on each trait when they are\npaired together.\nTrait I is a sociability factor. You can see how two people, one\n[125]\nwho is sociable and something of a gadabout and the other a home-body\nwho isn=E2=80=99t sociable, might not be well matched. Both should be\nsociable and like to go out and be with people, or both should be\nfireside toasters, home-loving souls who enjoy being alone with each\nother.\nTrait II is a measure of conformity, of agreeableness to others,\nand conscientiousness.", "chunk_index": 246, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_247", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "While it is better for both to score high on\nthis trait, if one scores low, it is better that the other score high.\nTrait III is a measure of tranquillity or lack of irritability. While\nit is better for both to score high, if one scores low, it is important\nthat the other should score high, or there may be considerable bickering\nand angry feelings.\nTrait IV is a measure of dependability, frankness, and willingness\nto accept responsibility. This trait is of\ngreat importance\nto hap=\npiness\nof both men and women, and it is especially important that a\ngirl score high here. Both should score high, but if one scores low,\nit is quite important that the other score high.\nTrait V is a measure of stability. Our research shows that it is of\nthe greatest importance that the two people make about the same\nscores on this test.", "chunk_index": 247, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 824, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_248", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "While it is better for both to be high, it is more\ncrucial that the girl make a high score, be very stable, than it is for\nthe man.\nTrait VI is a measure of standards and ideals. Both should have\nhigh scores but it is more important that the man have a good score\nthan the girl because girls have been trained to have higher ideals\nthan men. If one mate has a very low score, then the other by all\nmeans should have a high score. That combination will provide a\nbalance wheel.\nTrait VII is a measure of steadiness and freedom from excess\nemotionality. While more important that the man score high, because\nin most cases he will be the income earner, both should make about\nthe same scores.\nTrait VIII is a measure of flexibility and adaptability. While average\nto high scores are important, and while agreement or about the\nsame scores are desirable, if one must score low it is better for the\nman to do so than for the woman.\n[126]\nTrait IX is a measure of thoughtfulness and consideration.", "chunk_index": 248, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 991, "length_words": 186 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_249", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This\nis a much more important trait for women than for men, yet at the\nsame time, marriage happiness is definitely promoted by both making\nabout the same scores.\nTrait X is important for either the man or the woman, because\nit measures the family background of both people. It is important\nthat both score as high as possible on this trait. It is even more\nimportant for the girl to score high than it is for the man. But\nif either mate should score low, it is most important that the other\nscore high.\nTo sum up, it is important that both people make about the same\nscores on sociability (I), conformity (II), dependability (IV), stability\n(V) idealism (VI), flexibility (VIII) and seriousness (IX),\nand the higher the better.", "chunk_index": 249, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 727, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_250", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If one scored low on the other three\n(tranquillity, steadiness and family background) it is important that\nthe other score high.\nBut how can you get a more detailed, concrete picture of your\ncompatibility, or lack of it? On the following pages you are going\nto see your degree of compatibility emerge from a series of twenty-one\nfigures. When those twenty-one figures are totaled you will\nhave your answer.\nInstructions\nFirst glance over these =E2=80=9CDo You Match?=E2=80=9D tables on the ne=\nxt few\npages to familiarize yourself with them. In the twenty-one blocks\nyou will match yourselves on the ten traits already tested, you will\nmatch your\ntotal\nscores on those traits and then in the last ten w=\nill\nmatch yourself on ten other factors.\nTake the very first item, =E2=80=9CTest I.=E2=80=9D This matches you on =\nsociability.\nSuppose the man had an adjusted score of twenty-seven when he\ntook the sociability test in the last chapter and the girl had a score\nof twenty-four.", "chunk_index": 250, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 980, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_251", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Look over the five alternative combinations to see\nwhere such a scoring fits. It fits in combination (d) so you should\nwrite a credit of three points in the block on the right. On =E2=80=9CTest\nII,=E2=80=9D suppose the man made an adjusted score of eighteen and the\n[127]\ngirl of seven. That=E2=80=99s a big difference. Since no such combination\nis shown, write a zero in the block.\nDO YOU MATCH?\nTest\ni.\na. Both scored 30 or above, give credit of 10 points=\ntd>\nb. One scored 30 or above, other scored 25-29, credit =\n5 points\nc. Both scored 25-29, credit 5 points\nd. One scored 25-29, other scored 21-24, credit 3 poin=\nts\ne. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\nii.\na. Both scored 15 or above, give credit of 8 points\nb. One scored 15 or above, other scored 11-14, credit =\n4 points\nc. Both scored 11-14, credit 2 points\nd. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\niii.\na. Man scored 56 or above, girl 28 or above, credit 12=\npoints\nb.", "chunk_index": 251, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_252", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Man scored 56 or above, girl 23-27, credit 10 point=\ns\nc. Man scored 46-55, girl 23 or above, credit 8 points=\nd. Man scored 37-45, girl scored 23 or above, credit 5=\npoints\ne. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\niv.\na. Man scored 50 or above, girl 100 or above, credit 2=\n0 points\nb. Girl scored 100 or above, man scored 40-49, credit =\n15 points\nc. Girl scored 100 or above, man scored 31-39, credit =\n10 points\nd. Man scored 40-49, girl scored 81-99, credit 8 point=\ns\ne. Man scored 31-39, girl scored 81-99, credit 5 point=\ns\nf. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\n[128]\nv.\na. Man scored 40 or above, girl 80 or above, credit 15=\npoints\nb. Man scored 31-39, girl 80 or above, credit 12 point=\ns\nc. Man scored 21-29, girl 80 or above, credit 10 point=\ns\nd. Man scored 40 or above, girl 60-79, credit 8 points=\ne. Man scored 31-39, girl 60-79, credit 5 points\nf. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\nvi.\na. Both scored 30 or above, give credit of 10 points=\ntd>\nb.", "chunk_index": 252, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 194 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_253", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "One scored 30 or above, other scored 25-29, credit =\n5 points\nc. Both scored 25-29, credit 5 points\nd. One scored 25-29, other scored 21-24, credit 3 poin=\nts\ne. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\nvii.\na. Man scored 80 or above, girl 40 or above, credit 12=\npoints\nb. Man scored 80 or above, girl 35-39, credit 10 point=\ns\nc. Man scored 71-79, girl 40 or above, credit 8 points=\nd. Man scored 71-79, girl 35-39, credit 5 points\ne. Man scored 61-69, girl 40 or above, credit 3 points=\nf. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\nviii.\na. Both scored 22 or above, credit 10 points\nb. Man scored 22 or above, girl 13-21, credit 8 points=\nc. Man scored 13-21, girl scored 22 or above, credit 5=\npoints\nd. Man scored 13-21, girl scored 13-21, credit 3 point=\ns\ne. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\nix.\na. Man scored 30 or above, girl scored 60 or above, cr=\nedit 15 points\nb. Man scored 24-29, girl scored 60 or above, credit 1=\n2 points\nc.", "chunk_index": 253, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 963, "length_words": 185 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_254", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Man scored 19-23, girl scored 60 or above, credit 1=\n0 points\n[129]\nd. Man scored 30 or above, girl 48-59, credit 8 points=\ne. Man scored 24-29, girl scored 48-59, credit 5 point=\ns\nf. Any other combination receives no credit\nTest\nx.\na. Both scores 120 or above, credit 20 points\nb. One scores 100-119, other scores 120 or above, cred=\nit 15 points\nc. Both score 100-119, credit 10 points\nd. One scores 120 or above, other scores 81-90, credit=\n8 points\ne. One scores 100-119, other scores 80 or less, credit=\n5 points\nf.", "chunk_index": 254, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 521, "length_words": 98 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_255", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Any other combination receives no credit\nTOTAL TEST SCORE\n(Total of all ten tests as scored in Chapter XI)\na.\nMan 460 or above, girl 500 or more, credit 25 points=\ntd>\nb.\nMan 400-459, girl 500 or more, credit 20 points\nc.\nMan 460 or above, girl 425-499, credit 15 points\nd.\nMan 400-459, girl 425-499, credit 10 points\ne.\nMan 350-425, girl 400 or above, credit 5 points\nf.\nAny other combination receives no credit\nNow score your compatibility on the ten additional factors following\nand fill the proper credits in the blocks just as you have been doing. On\nfactors 7, 8 and 9 bear in mind that you cannot count as a part of your\nacquaintanceship, courtship or engagement any period of time of three\nmonths or longer when you did not see each other, as is the case where\na man was overseas.\n1.\nParents\na. Both sets of parents happily married, credit 1=\n5 points\nb. One set of parents happy, other set average, c=\nredit 10 points\n[130]\n<=\n/td>\nc.", "chunk_index": 255, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_256", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Both sets of parents average in happiness, cre=\ndit 8 points\nd. One set happy, other set not happy, credit 5 p=\noints\ne. Any other combination receives no credit\n2.\nSchooling\na. Both members of the couple have had education =\nbeyond high school, credit 10 points\nb. Both have completed high school, credit 8 poin=\nts\nc. One has some college, the other has finished h=\nigh school, 5 points\nd. Any other combination receives no credit\n3.\nReligion\na. Both regularly attend the same or similar chur=\nches, credit 15 points\nb. Both are Jews, Catholics, or Protestants, cred=\nit 10 points\nc. Although basic religions differ, both have abo=\nut the same views, credit 5 points\nd. Any other combination receives no credit\n4.\nParental Approval\na. Both sets of parents approve this match, credi=\nt 12 points\nb. One set approves, the other is not opposed, cr=\nedit 10 points\nc. One set approves, one set opposes, credit 5 po=\nints\nd. Any other combination receives no credit\n4.\nAge Comparison\na.", "chunk_index": 256, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_257", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Both people are within 3 years age of each oth=\ner, credit 10 points\nb. Girl is three or more years older than man, cr=\nedit 5 points\n[131]\nc. Any other combination receives no credit\n5.\nYears of Age\na. Man is at least 25 years, girl at least 22, cr=\nedit 10 points\nb. Man is at least 23 years, girl at least 20, cr=\nedit 5 points\nc. Man 22 years or older, girl at least 19, credi=\nt 3 points\nd. Any other combination receives no credit\n7.\nAcquaintanceship\na. Have known each other six years or more, credi=\nt 20 points\nb. Have known each other 3 but less than 6 years,=\ncredit 15 points\nc. Have known each other 2 but less than 3 years,=\ncredit 10 points\nd. Have known each other 1 but less than 2 years,=\ncredit 5 points\ne. Any other combination receives no credit\n8.\nDating\na. Have been dating and going steady 3 years or m=\nore, credit 20 points\nb. Have been dating and going steady 2 but less t=\nhan 3 years, credit 15 points\nc.", "chunk_index": 257, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 190 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_258", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Have been going steady 1 year but less than 2 =\nyears, credit 10 points\nd. Have been going steady 8 months to 1 year, cre=\ndit 5 points\ne. Any other combination receives no credit\n9.\n[132]\nEngagement, if Any\na. Have been definitely engaged for over 2 years,=\ncredit 20 points\nb. Have been definitely engaged 18 months to 2 ye=\nars, credit 15 points\nc. Have been definitely engaged 12 months to 18 m=\nonths, credit 10 points\nd. Have been definitely engaged not less than 6 m=\nonths, credit 5 points\ne. If engaged less than 6 months, no credit\n10.\nQuarrels\na. There have been no quarrels to speak of during=\ncourtship, credit 20 points\nb. Any misunderstandings have been quickly settle=\nd by mutual agreement, credit 15 points\nc. While there have been conflicts, no one was so=\nserious that the couple did not see each other regularly, credit 10 points=\nd. Misunderstandings have been infrequent and hav=\ne been settled by one or the other giving in, credit 5 points\ne.", "chunk_index": 258, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_259", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Any other answer receives no credit\nTotal Final Score\nNow, you have twenty-one scores and a Total Final Score. Le=\nt\nus see what this score means.\nIf the Total Final Score for you two is 250 or above, then you\nwould seem to be very well matched. Furthermore, it would appear\nthat you two people should be quite happy in marriage. If there\nare no unfavorable factors present such as poor physical health, or\ninability to make a living, and if you two people are really deeply\nin love, then your marriage should be a happy one.\nIf the final score is 200 to 249, you would still seem to be fairly\n[133]\nwell matched. If there are no unfavorable factors, if both of you\nare old enough for marriage, if both of you are determined to make\nit work, you should be happier than is the average couple.\nIf your final score is 150 to 199, the outlook would not seem to\nbe too favorable. Your marriage might not be as happy as that of\nthe average couple.", "chunk_index": 259, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 941, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_260", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Why not wait another six months? Give yourselves\ntime to see what some of your problems are. Do something\nactive about them. It may help you to talk things over with a marriage\ncounselor, or with your minister, or somebody else whom\nyou trust and who is mature enough to help you analyze the situation.\nIf your score is 149 or less, then it would seem that you two people\nshould put off marriage for six months or perhaps a year or longer.\nYou can be sure there are some factors present that should make\nyou stop, look, and listen. Perhaps both of you are not well adjusted\nas separate personalities, or to each other. Maybe you are of radically\ndifferent religions, or your parents are opposed to your marriage.\nPerhaps you need to have a much longer period of courtship or\nengagement. Whatever the reason, you should talk the matter over\nwith some person competent to advise you. See a good marriage\ncounselor or psychologist who specializes in guidance.", "chunk_index": 260, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 956, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_261", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Talk things\nover with your minister, rabbi, or priest. You don=E2=80=99t want to make\na mistake and have an unhappy marriage that might terminate in\nseparation or divorce.\nOf course you can say, and correctly, that you have little or no\nresponsibility for some of the factors, such as the lack of happiness\nin your parents=E2=80=99 marriage. Even though this may be the case, you\nhave been affected or influenced by the presence or absence of happiness\nin your own home.\nWhat are some concrete suggestions that may help you bring\nabout a happy marriage even though one of you, or the two of you,\nmay not have made scores typical of young couples who get married\nand are happy? These suggestions may be of help to you:\n1. If you are introverted (unsociable), you should increase the\nnumber of social skills that you have. Oftentimes we find that our\n[134]\nenjoyment from association with other people is increased greatly\nwhen we learn to do some of the things they do, such as dance,\nbowl, swim, etc.", "chunk_index": 261, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1000, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_262", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Try to be outstanding in something.\n2. Acquire a philosophy of life. What are your beliefs and\nviews? Are you a conservative or a radical in politics, religion,\nethics? Are there some guiding principles in your life? If you aren=E2=80=\n=99t\nsure, sit down with yourself and try to figure out what you believe\nin and practice. Check it against your own behavior. Do you say\none thing and do another? Are your family and friends rather sure\nabout what you believe in, or do they have trouble predicting what\nyou will do next?\n3. Is your temper explosive, unruly, and peevish? Why do you\nget angry? If it is because you feel inferior, why do you feel inferior?\nCan=E2=80=99t you do something about it? Do you honestly try to\ncontrol your temper?\n4. Are you unstable, fearful, nervous? Why? Is it because you\nfeel you are unattractive or ignorant, or are you carrying around\nfeelings of guilt and uneasiness about something you feel ashamed\nof? If it is your physical health, see your physician.", "chunk_index": 262, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 991, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_263", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If it is your\nmental health, see a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist. Develop a\ntrusting confidential relationship with someone, preferably an older\nperson, with whom you can feel free to unburden yourself.\n5. Are your standards and ideals too low, or too high, when compared\nto your behavior? Perhaps you are an intolerant and prejudiced\nperson who is too narrow-minded and prudish. Are you critical\nand gossipy about many of the things your acquaintances do?\nDo you know whether you have set your standards impossibly high;\nso high that you have a constant feeling of frustration because you\nare always falling short?\n6. Are you an emotional person, always going off on a tangent,\nnever able to keep a steady course? Is it because you aren=E2=80=99t in the\nwork you want to do? Can=E2=80=99t you change jobs? Perhaps you are\nconfused in your thinking, disturbed about religion, morals, things\nthat are right or wrong.", "chunk_index": 263, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 923, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_264", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Have you asked your friends their ideas?\nDo you keep busy? Have you talked things over with your pastor?\nIs there some serious frustration always hanging over your head?\n[135]\nWhy don=E2=80=99t you sit down, take stock of yourself? It is only by an\ninventory of ourselves, accompanied by a searching analysis, that\nwe discover what is wrong and see ways to clear things up.\n7. Are you so set in your ways that you cannot see that =E2=80=9Ccircums=\ntances\nalter cases?=E2=80=9D Do you earnestly try to adapt yourself to people\nand new situations or do you expect all the adaptation to come\nfrom somebody else? Perhaps you are smug, never have a new\nidea. Try reading a Republican newspaper if you never read anything\nbut a Democratic paper. Go to a different church. Get out\nof the rut you are in. Listen to other people=E2=80=99s ideas for a change.\nDon=E2=80=99t be so cocksure that you are always right and the other fellow\nalways wrong.\n8.", "chunk_index": 264, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_265", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Do you ever sit down and think? Reflect about yourself, your\nfriends, your activities, your responsibilities? Do you stop and ask\nyourself if you are selfish and inconsiderate? Do you sympathize\nwith others, try to avoid saying things that may hurt somebody=E2=80=99s\nfeelings? Do you build up people rather than tear down? Do you\ngo out of your way to help others?\n9. If you and your prospective mate are constantly quarreling,\nhave you stopped asking whose fault it is and started doing your\nbest to prevent conflicts? Unless you two people settle your problems\nby compromise and mutual give-and-take, your marriage future\nlooks dark.\n10. Did you get engaged shortly after you first met? In most\nreal love, an engagement rarely occurs before the couple have known\nand dated each other regularly for at least a year or longer.\n11.", "chunk_index": 265, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 831, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_266", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Are you sure it is love? Could it be just loneliness, a desire\nto escape an unpleasant environment? Are you sure it isn=E2=80=99t a\n=E2=80=9Cphantasy ideal?=E2=80=9D\n12. Why don=E2=80=99t your parents approve this marriage? After all,\nthey may have something. Look back in the past=E2=80=94weren=E2=80=99t they\nright many times then when you thought they were wrong? Unless\nyour friends warmly approve this marriage, your parents are\nprobably right in urging you to wait.\n13. Do you really know your mate? What makes one a good\ndate doesn=E2=80=99t usually make one a good mate. Although an hour=E2=80=\n=99s\n[136]\nenjoyment of dancing, going to the movies, etc. may be wonderful\npastime, it may be far from what you need in a mate. Are you\nsure what you want in a mate is what you need? Are you sure\nthat what you have found is what you\nneed\nin a mate?\n14.", "chunk_index": 266, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 856, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_267", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Last but not least is this prospective mate going to be the\nsort of parent you want your children to have?\nWhen you have finished asking yourself these questions, you\nwill probably have some good ideas what to do if you and your\nmate didn=E2=80=99t make a score above average. Take your time. It is easie=\nr\nto get married than it is to get separated or divorced, and much\neasier on one=E2=80=99s disposition in the long run. You want to marry but\nwe want you to make a good choice and to find in marriage all\nthe happiness and contentment that it can bring.\nProcedure If You Are Doing the Matching Alone\nSome readers may wish to see how they match with another\nperson but would prefer to do the matching without consulting\nhim. That can be done, though of course it will be much less\naccurate. Use the =E2=80=9CDo You Match?=E2=80=9D tables in this chapter, j=\nust as\ncouples working together did.", "chunk_index": 267, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 898, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_268", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You won=E2=80=99t have much trouble scoring\nthe last ten of the twenty-one items since they are based on\nknown facts. Your greatest problem will be in estimating the scores\nyour mate would make in the ten tests on personality traits. Your\nestimates will necessarily be rough approximations; but if you have\nknown this person for several months you may have a fair idea\nhow he would answer the various questions in those tests and\nestimate scores for him accordingly. Be rigidly honest when you\nimagine the answers this person would make. You can double-check\nyour compatibility with such an absentee person by taking\nthe following short test. It is a greatly abbreviated check on compatibilit=\ny.\nARE YOU WELL MATED?\nHere is a final check-list on compatibility, primarily for a person who\ntook the tests in Chapter XI by himself.", "chunk_index": 268, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 829, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_269", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This test, which can be taken\nby either a man or woman, provides you with a rough gauge for determining\n[137]\nwhether the person you are dating might make a good mate for\nyou.", "chunk_index": 269, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 175, "length_words": 34 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_270", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you are a man, change questions to read =E2=80=9Cshe=E2=80=9D inste=\nad of =E2=80=9Che.=E2=80=9D\n1.\nAre you two about equally sociable? That is, =\nare you both either gadabouts or both stay-at-homes?\nYes\nNo\n2.\nAre you both stern-minded, with high ideals, =\nor else are you both broadminded and practical?\nYes\nNo\n3.\nDoes he find satisfaction and reward in his w=\nork?\nYes\nNo\n4.\nIs he over 20, under 40, and not divorced?\nYes\nNo\n5.\nIs he regarded by acquaintances as a solidly =\ndependable person not given to excuse-making and sly lies?\nYes\nNo\n6.\nHave you been dating steadily for two years o=\nr longer?\nYes\nNo\n7.\nHas your dating been relatively free from qua=\nrrels?\nYes\nNo\n8.\nDo you and your mate have much the same belie=\nfs and attitudes about religion?\nYes\nNo\n9.\nDo both sets of parents favor this marriage?<=\n/td>\nYes\nNo\n10.\nDid he attend Sunday school regularly until h=\ne was at least 18?\nYes\nNo\n11.\nIs he in good physical health?\nYes\nNo\n12.\nDo you two have about the same emotional resp=\nonsiveness or warmth of passion?\nYes\nNo\n13.\nWas he free of conflict with his parents and =\ndid they discipline him firmly but not harshly?\nYes\nNo\n14.\nWere his parents happily married?\nYes\nNo\n15.\nIs he free of jealousy and suspicion?\nYes\nNo\n16.\nDoes he have a calm, even temperament, especi=\nally if you are one to fly off the handle quickly?\nYes\nNo\n17.\nDo you both have a healthy attitude toward se=\nx? (That is, are you neither disgusted nor morbidly concerned with it?)\nYes\nNo\n18.\nIs he a temperate person not given to heavy d=\nrinking?\nYes\nNo\n19.\n[138=\n]\nAre you two fairly close together somewhere i=\nn the broad middle zone between being timid and reckless?\nYes\nNo\n20.\nDo you both think you want children?\nYes\nNo\nIf each had sixteen\nyes\nanswers or more to the above questions,=\nthen\nyour romance would seem to be on fairly solid ground.", "chunk_index": 270, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1840, "length_words": 352 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_271", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "However, after\nyou have taken the test, then go back and compare the two sets of\nanswers on all the questions. If each had seventeen\nyes\n=E2=80=99s =\nor more, and\nif there was mutual agreement, that is, if both had the same\nyes\nanswers to at least fifteen of the questions, then it would appear that\nyour marriage is not so mixed that it cannot be made to work.\n[139]\nChapter XIII\nBeware of Mixed Marriages\nThe =E2=80=9CMixed=E2=80=9D marriage is any marriage =\nin which great differences\nexist between the husband and wife, particularly differences of\nculture or religious training. You also have a =E2=80=9Cmixed=E2=80=9D marr=\niage\nif there are decided differences of personality, of intelligence, of\neducation, of age, of race or nationality, of social culture or of economic\nstatus.\nSuppose there are great differences. That=E2=80=99s what makes life inte=\nresting,\nsome people say.", "chunk_index": 271, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 887, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_272", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Differences may be =E2=80=9Cinteresting=E2=80=9D but if\nthey are really fundamental they can form a gulf between the two\nmates that will make happiness difficult to achieve. It is the conviction\nof the authors=E2=80=94based upon a study of hundreds of happy\nand miserable marriages=E2=80=94that the more a man and girl have in\ncommon the more likely they will enjoy being married.\nOne of the factors that seems to have great importance in making\na marriage work is the congeniality of the two persons. This congeniality\nmust be built upon the things they have in common.\nThe more things they have in common and the fewer the differences,\nthe greater the likelihood of congeniality. And the greater\nthe ease with which the two can talk over their mutual problems\nfully, frankly, and understandingly. The success of a marriage depends\nupon the total adjustment the two personalities can make\nto each other. Even where couples are highly compatible far-reaching\nadjustments must be made.", "chunk_index": 272, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 984, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_273", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "When to the normal differences you\nadd fundamental differences of background, the sheer problems of\nadjustment will add a severe strain to the union.\nSuppose the two people do bridge the gulf between themselves.\n[140]\nThere will be great differences between their two sets of parents\nthat may present problems. And there will be the differences between\ntheir two sets of friends. No couple lives completely alone.\nTwo mates not only take each other for better or worse but also\nthey must take with them the parents and friends of the other.\nTake two cases with which we are familiar. They are typical\nof the cases in the files of any marriage counselor. (Their real names,\nof course, are not used.)\nJohn is forty-two years old, a Catholic, a Democrat and had a\nhigh school education. His young bride, Margaret, is twenty-four,\nhas had three years of college at a fashionable finishing school. She\nis a Baptist and a Republican. These two people think they are in\nlove. Perhaps they are.", "chunk_index": 273, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 986, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_274", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But on the other hand Margaret was attracted\nto John chiefly for his =E2=80=9Cmaturity,=E2=80=9D his handsome appearance=\n, the\nvery nice compliments he paid her, and the success he has made\nof himself. She likes the idea that he is a self-made man. (He is the\njunior partner in a business, and his income is about six thousand\ndollars a year.) John is fussy and parsimonious in his habits and\nthinks that going to the movies once every month or two is enough\nfor anybody. He is not very sociable and would rather stay at home\nand read some thrilling mystery story than go out. He lives with\nhis parents and has specified that Margaret come and live with\nthem as his mother is not in too good health. Margaret is vivacious,\nfull of life and energy, very much interested in parties, dancing and\nsports.", "chunk_index": 274, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 801, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_275", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "She is warmhearted, and since she was accustomed in her\nown home to having servants, she is careless where she puts things.\nAfter she finishes dressing her room looks as though a Kansas\ncyclone had struck it.\nJohn was attracted to her despite her =E2=80=9Codd=E2=80=9D ways because=\nshe\nhad given him considerable appreciation for the progress he has\nmade without much formal education. She is the most attractive\ngirl who has ever shown an interest in him, and he subconsciously\nfeels that her social position in the community will be an asset to\nhim in the success of his business. Despite their present professions\nof love it is hard for us to believe these two will find lasting happiness\nin marriage. They have too many points of difference.\n[141]\nJim and Mary, in contrast, are what we could call compatible.\nJim is twenty-eight, a college graduate in business, and is a junior\nexecutive in an office-supply firm.", "chunk_index": 275, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 919, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_276", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He is a sociable person, likes the\nmovies, wants to go to an occasional dance and has many friends\namong both sexes. Mary also likes to dance, has many friends, enjoys\nparties and sports. She was graduated in liberal arts in college\nbut in addition took a secretarial course. He is a Methodist, she a\nPresbyterian. He is an independent in politics though reared in\na Republican home. Although Mary has voted the Republican\nticket she tends to be something of a liberal, politically. They became\nacquainted in their senior year at college and now both are\nworking at the same firm. If they go through with their marriage\nwe predict they will find a great deal of happiness in it. They have\nso many things in common.\nIn the last few chapters we have already pointed out how crucial\nit is for a couple to have compatible personality traits.", "chunk_index": 276, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 837, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_277", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Studies have\nshown that unhappy couples frequently disagree on their friends,\nmatters of recreation, the way they demonstrate affection, the way\nchildren should be reared and other things that are a vital part of\nmarriage. The research of the Marriage Counseling Service at Penn\nState has shown that the couples who disagree most are the couples\nwhose personalities are least alike. Take the great difference of\nideals in the case of the son of the traveling salesman who is rushing\nthe daughter of a clergyman. She is almost spiritual in her\nideals and at home learned to restrain all manifestations of affection.\nThe young man is handsome and dashing, a fast talker and a social\nbutterfly. He likes to tell dirty stories and to get drunk.", "chunk_index": 277, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 740, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_278", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is unlikely\nthat their romance will progress far enough to contemplate marriage,\nbut if they should get married, the radical differences in traits\nwill produce a great unhappiness.\nWhat are the other factors besides personality traits that can\nproduce mixed marriages? Here are the main mixtures to watch\nout for.\nAre There Fundamental Differenc=\nes of Religion?\nIf the couple\nare of different religious beliefs their philosophies of life may be\n[142]\nso deeply different that they may be liable to constant friction.\nOne German study showed that the fewest divorces were in\nmarriages between Jews and that the largest number of divorces occurred\nwhen a Catholic married a non-Catholic. In Maryland, twelve\nthousand young people were asked the religious affiliations of their\nparents and also asked if their parents were living together, divorced\nor separated.", "chunk_index": 278, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_279", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Here were the percentage of broken marriages found\nin different groupings:\nWhen both parents Jewish\n4.6%\nWhen both parents Catholic\n6.4%\nWhen both parents Protestant\n6.8%\nWhen religions mixed\n15.2%\nIn other words, a mixed marriage is two or three times more\nlikely to end in unhappiness than when the marriage is not mixed\nreligiously!\nAnd in inter-marrying some combinations seem to be more explosive\nthan others. Below are three possible combinations in descending\norder, with the bottom combination least likely of all to produce\na happy marriage.\nProtestant to Jew\nProtestant to Catholic\nJew to Catholic\nCatholics have the greatest difficulties in inter-marriages presumably\nbecause their church takes a sterner view of inter-marriage\nthan do the other churches. Another factor may be that they are\ntaught not to use birth control devices (though family spacing\nthrough =E2=80=9Crhythm=E2=80=9D is condoned).\nSuppose that a Catholic and Protestant do marry.", "chunk_index": 279, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 961, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_280", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There are thousands\nof couples who have achieved happiness in spite of religious\ndifferences. You can achieve it, perhaps, but both of you should\nface the problems involved in such an inter-marriage before, not\nafter, the wedding. If possible one should agree to embrace the\nreligion of the other. You should also definitely agree on the church\nin which the children are to be reared. You should even discuss\n[143]\nthe size of the family desired because that may become a point of\ndifference. If both refuse to budge from their religion they must\nface the likelihood of disharmony developing after marriage, particularly\nas children come along and decisions must be made about\ntheir religious training.", "chunk_index": 280, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 702, "length_words": 116 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_281", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Religious inter-marriages are particularly\ndifficult when one or both are deeply religious and feel very strongly\nabout holding to their particular faith.\nAre There Significant Differenc=\nes of Intelligence?\nA wife can\nbe somewhat less intelligent than her husband and they can still\nbe happy, but almost any other variations in intelligence are apt\nto produce problems, especially if the differences are pronounced.\nStudies have shown that husbands and wives usually are much\nmore alike in intelligence than in physical characteristics. People\nin general tend to select mates whose mental ability is about the\nsame as their own. When two people of vastly different mental\nequipment marry, the less-endowed mate is apt to develop very\nstrong feelings of inferiority, and the two may find it very hard\nto select interests and activities to share.", "chunk_index": 281, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 845, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_282", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The more intelligent one\nunconsciously may develop a superior attitude that may be patronizing\nor impatient.\nAnother thing they are bound to disagree on is how to spend\ntheir leisure time, the kind of friends that they will have, the social\nethics they will have, and in fact their whole philosophies of life.\nThe brighter mate reads serious magazines, listens to symphonies\nand forums, reads little or no light fiction. The less intelligent mate\nis interested in the spectacular radio programs, reads the more\nfrothy magazines, has few deep intellectual interests. It is the\nglamorous, exciting things that appeal. Also they do not share\nambitions. Two such people cannot talk over with each other\ntheir hopes and ambitions, their frustrations. There is no sharing.\nOne feels aloof from the other.\nAre There Four or More Years Di=\nfference in Formal Education?\nThere can be wide differences in schooling but only as long\nas the two people=E2=80=99s interests and attitudes are about the same.", "chunk_index": 282, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_283", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And\nin these days of wide reading, radio information, night schools and\n[144]\ncorrespondence courses, two people may differ greatly in formal\neducation but differ little in their informal education.\nHowever, it does appear to be a fact that the happiest marriages\nseem to be those in which the two people met each other on a\nschool campus, took similar curricula, lived in the same academic\nbackground.\nAre There Wide Differences in Y=\nour Economic Background?\nThis is closely related to the social differences. Mothers have encouraged\nwide differences in economic background by teaching\ntheir daughters to marry =E2=80=9Cup=E2=80=9D the economic scale. They are =\nurged\nto make =E2=80=9Cgood catches.=E2=80=9D It is only human for a mother to wi=\nsh\nthat her daughter will not have to scrimp as she has had to in her\nmarriage.", "chunk_index": 283, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 827, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_284", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It also enhances a family=E2=80=99s social prestige if a daughter\ncan marry =E2=80=9Cup.=E2=80=9D However when there are wide differences in =\nthe\nincomes of the two sets of parents, those differences are accompanied\nby differences in social background which are often hard\nto reconcile. Added to this is the factor of acceptance that invariably\narises when either a girl or man marries way above his\nown economic level. The parents and friends of the wealthy mate\noften assume that the other married for money. That may produce\nserious tension and create a lasting in-law problem.\nIs There a Wide Difference in A=\nge?\nOne study has shown that\nthe least happy marriages are those in which the husband is six\nto eight years older than the wife.", "chunk_index": 284, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 743, "length_words": 127 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_285", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Perhaps it is not the difference\nin age itself so much as the fact that people that far apart in age\nwill be unlike in other respects which creates the strain on marriage.\nThe happiest marriages\nfor wives\nseem to range from one extreme\nwhere the wife is four years older than the husband to the other\nextreme where the wife is four years younger than the husband.\nThe happiest marriages\nfor husbands\nseem to be those in which\nthe husband is from one year older than the wife to where the\nhusband is four years older than the wife. When all the evidence\nis analyzed it would seem that the happiest marriages\nfor everybody\nconcerned\nare those marriages in which the husband and wife\nare within one to two years of each other.\n[145]\nAre There Differences in Your S=\nocial Culture?\nHere is a girl\nwho has been reared in the South.", "chunk_index": 285, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 826, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_286", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "She was taught to be a lady,\nto be waited upon, not to work because she would have servants.\nHere is a man brought up in Nebraska, reared in a home where\nhis own mother was hardworking, not only did the housework\nbut occasionally helped milk the cows and helped do other chores\nfor her farmer husband. With the Southern girl there has been\na tremendous emphasis upon =E2=80=9Cfamily,=E2=80=9D on social prestige, on=\ndoing\ncertain things in certain precise ways. In the case of the Nebraska\nman, little of this formality has been present. Instead the emphasis\nhas been upon hard work, upon thriftiness, upon a wife sharing\nheavily the responsibilities of earning a living. Two such widely\ndiffering philosophies are likely to produce grief in marriage. The\nwar, with its tremendous shifts of population, produced a great\nmany of these interregional marriages.", "chunk_index": 286, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 859, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_287", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They are certainly not\ndoomed but the couples should face frankly the problems involved\nin a mixing of cultures.\nThose, briefly, are the main types of mixed marriages. You should\nenter into them carefully, if at all. In any case where there are\nserious differences of background, the couple should compare\nthemselves carefully, see just what the differences are, be realistic\nabout those differences, ferret out the special problems that those\ndifferences will create (as in the rearing of children), agree on\nways to attack the problems and solve them. Only then is there\nhope that the marriage can be a success. The difficulty is that couples\ntend to gloss over differences that exist. They refuse to identify\nthem, to admit their existence. They put off facing them.", "chunk_index": 287, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 769, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_288", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Then\nlater in marriage the problems can no longer be avoided and by\nthen they have become so acute that reconciliation becomes very\ndifficult.\nFor example, if a Catholic wants to marry a Protestant, it is far\nbetter for the couple to see the problems that will exist from such\na mixed marriage before they are married than after they are\nmarried.\n[146]\nChapter XIV\nNine Dangerous Characters\nThere are some prospective mates who will survive all=\nthe tests\nwe have given you thus far and in fact look like ideal partners,\nand yet will bring you grief every time in marriage.\nIn studying marriage failures it has been found that again and\nagain certain types of mates make a marriage seem intolerable.\nWe=E2=80=99ll introduce you to nine of the worst troublemakers.", "chunk_index": 288, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 763, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_289", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They\nare hard to detect, but usually you can spot them if you have had\nseveral months really to know them before you commit yourself\nto marriage.\nThe Jealous Mate.\nPerhap=\ns a man becomes excessively jealous because\nhis young wife is attractive to other men or because she\nhas been accustomed to traveling with a more sophisticated crowd\nthan he has. On the other side perhaps the wife=E2=80=94with little cause=\n=E2=80=94becomes\ninsanely jealous of her husband=E2=80=99s secretary.\nWe know from investigation that jealousy causes at least one\nout of every five quarrels that occur between American husbands\nand wives. And furthermore, in divorce cases jealousy turns up\nas a factor in almost half of all divorces. That is not hard to understand\nbecause a jealous person inevitably becomes a difficult person\nto live with. He or she is usually suspicious, quick-tempered\nand disagreeable.", "chunk_index": 289, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 888, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_290", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is hard to love a person who is jealous of you.\nYou lose your respect for him, and you can=E2=80=99t be natural with him.=\np>\nWhen you do try to be natural he will set you on your guard\nby some snippish and unprovoked remark and will question you\nawkwardly at length to check on your movements. Frequently\n[147]\nhe will fly into temper outbursts or sink into black moods.\nPsychologically jealousy is a feeling of frustration, which in turn\nproduces anger and dejection. The person is frustrated because he\nfears he is losing the love of the mate or fears that the mate is\nbeing unfaithful.\nJealousy may be real or imaginary. Evidence uncovered at the\nPenn State clinic would indicate that frequently it is the latter. In\nreal jealousy the mate knows, or suspects correctly, that the other\nperson is flirting or acting in a questionable manner. In imaginary\njealousy the jealous person is that way simply because he lacks\nconfidence in himself.", "chunk_index": 290, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_291", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He would probably be jealous of anyone\nhe married, because he has strong feelings of inferiority and is\nusually unstable emotionally.\nAny prospective mate who is habitually in such a mental stew\nwithout real cause would make an extremely poor husband or wife.\nThe Mate Who Wants to Improve Y=\nou.\nThere is sound psychology\nbehind the thought in the marriage ceremony that you\ntake your spouse =E2=80=9Cfor better or for worse.=E2=80=9D At the wedding =\neach\nmate should be accepted for what he is with no reservations for\nthe future.\nMarriage is a partnership in the true sense and if one partner\ntakes it upon himself to teach or improve the other, that relationship\nis sorely disturbed. One starts feeling superior and the other\neither inferior or indignant or both.\nIt is terribly easy for some new husbands and wives=E2=80=94after the\nglamour has worn off=E2=80=94to see flaws in their mates that should be\ncorrected immediately.", "chunk_index": 291, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_292", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Their intentions may be kindly but soon\nthey are continually criticizing and imploring the mate to change\nhis or her ways.\nA constant urge to improve a mate is closely akin to nagging.\nIn fact nagging means oral pressure, and when applied to a spouse\nit invariably produces discord. The nagger in marriage is one of\nthe major troublemakers.\nIf the attempts to improve a mate are made in public=E2=80=94as they\nfrequently are=E2=80=94the affronts then clearly become intolerable. Nothin=\ng\n[148]\nproduces greater resentment. Even if the aggrieved partner\ncan absorb such criticism without slashing back he will seethe inwardly\nand seek revenge for such an assault on his dignity.\nLet=E2=80=99s look at the =E2=80=9Cimprover.=E2=80=9D It has been found =\nthat such a person\nis rarely the happily adjusted, emotionally mature person.\nRather he could stand some self-improvement himself.", "chunk_index": 292, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 883, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_293", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Usually he\nis trying to improve the other either because of his own underlying\nfeeling of inferiority, or because it gives him a mean, petty\nadvantage over the other.\nIf after reading the above you still feel that your own mate or\nprospective mate has faults that could well be improved, why don=E2=80=99t\nyou try one of these tacks?\nFirst, remember that if you maintain high standards yourself\nyour mate will gradually rise to them. Set a good example. Couples\ngrow more alike every day they are married.\nIf you are anxious to have immediate results, use indirect rather\nthan direct suggestions. A wife, for example, might say to her\nhusband that she appreciates the fact that he has been more considerate\nof her during the past few days. This may be hokum.\nBut even though he has not been any more considerate, the compliment\nwill encourage him to be more considerate in the future.\nOr suppose that a man thinks his fianc=C3=A9e shows appalling taste\nin her clothes.", "chunk_index": 293, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 968, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_294", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A frontal criticism would wound and probably infuriate\nher. But if he starts out by complimenting her on the few\npresentable things she wears, he can use them as springboards for\ngetting across to her the kind of clothes she should wear to make\nherself most appealing to him. Few women can resist such suggestions.\nThe =E2=80=9CNervous=E2=80=9D M=\nate.\nMany wives neglect their husbands, and\nmany husbands quarrel with their wives, because they are emotionally\ninsecure. They are at loose ends with themselves. In scientific\nlanguage, they are maladjusted or neurotic.\nMarriage in itself rarely cures an emotionally unstable person.\nIn fact it may aggravate his trouble by adding new frustrations.\nA person who is unstable before marriage is apt to find that the\n[149]\nincreased responsibilities and decreased liberty under marriage impose\nnew burdens.", "chunk_index": 294, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 852, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_295", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "His frustrations become aggravated.\nEvery marriage counselor knows from experience that unhappily\nmarried couples usually present difficulties that can be traced to\nthe emotional maladjustment of one or both of the mates. Perhaps\nthe husband flies into a rage if supper is late or if his pipe rack\nhas been moved. But any psychologist knows such tantrums are\nmerely symptoms, symptoms of the man=E2=80=99s basic maladjustment\nto life. They will appear when he meets any sort of frustration.\nIf the wife is careful to have supper on time and keep the pipe\nrack in the same place the eruptions will appear somewhere else.\nThey will appear, that is, unless the husband can get hold of himself\nand grow up emotionally.", "chunk_index": 295, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 714, "length_words": 120 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_296", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This may require help from an\nexperienced psychologist who can get at the roots of the man=E2=80=99s\ndifficulties.\nHere are some other thoughts for easing a situation where one\nor both of the couple are high-strung.\nWhen either mate is upset the other should make it easy for\nhim to talk his troubles out. Talking things over dispassionately\nis a wonderful way to ease tensions. Psychologists now realize its\nimportance and refer to it as mutual psychotherapy.\nSometimes the tensions are produced by physical and mental\nfatigue. Perhaps one or both mates are working too hard and\nrelaxing too little. If so they should try to modify their routines to\nget in more rest, sleep and relaxation.\nThe Financial Critic.\nMo=\nney is not the root of all evil, but it\ncertainly is at the root of a lot of marriage unhappiness. All studies\nthat have been made concerning the reasons why married couples\nquarrel agree that financial arrangements cause more friction than\nany other one phase of marriage.", "chunk_index": 296, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_297", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For example, couples quarrel five\ntimes as much over money as they do over the rearing of children,\nwhich is a well-known troublemaker. One half of all divorced\ncouples say that financial problems were a part of their difficulties.\nUnless the couple is really poor, the lack of money doesn=E2=80=99t caus=\ne\nthe troubles as much as bad management of it. The average couple\n[150]\nshould be comforted to know that too much money causes trouble\nalmost as much as too little money.\nA girl considering marriage with a man who has an irregular\nor uncertain income should face frankly the fact that the situation\nmay become the source of bitter quarreling if the two aren=E2=80=99t carefu=\nl.\nRegularity of income and job security seem to be more important\nthan the size of the income.", "chunk_index": 297, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 778, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_298", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Couples who save money are happier\nthan those who don=E2=80=99t, other things being equal.\nBoth girls and men selecting a future mate should be wary of\npeople who are disorganized in their personal lives or are prone\nto carping. Those two types of people are most apt to inspire or\nprovoke quarrels over money.\nThe main grievance of wives financially is that their husbands\nare too tight and the main complaints of husbands are that their\nwives are too extravagant or too chaotic in their budget-keeping.\nHusbands, interestingly, complain much more about the extravagance\nof their wives than wives complain about extravagance of\nhusbands.\nThe Alibi Artist.\nBeware=\nof the excuse-maker. Alibi-making is not\nmentally healthy. In fact it is one of the early signs of emotional\nconfusion and mental deterioration.", "chunk_index": 298, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 809, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_299", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If a man or girl sees in the\nother during courtship indications that excuse-making is an ingrained\nhabit, he would do well to break off the courtship and seek\na mate elsewhere.\nThat may sound like a harsh way to deal with the purveyor of\n=E2=80=9Clittle white lies=E2=80=9D and excuses but it has been clearly est=\nablished\nthat such a person is a very bad marriage risk. The individual usually\nexcuses his own lack of accomplishment or ability by projecting\nthe blame for his failures on other people. Bit by bit this projection\nbecomes devastating.\nContinued excuse-making gradually brings the individual closer\nand closer to the gulf that divides the real from the imaginary, the\nsane from the insane. In its most pronounced form it is paranoia,\na type of insanity.\nThe alibi artist has little respect for the truth, cannot be predicted,<=\nspan class=3D\"pagenum\">\n[151]\nevades his obligations and is generally not dependable.", "chunk_index": 299, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_300", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The\ntest designed to measure this tendency to alibi, which psychologists\ncall =E2=80=9Ctendency to rationalize,=E2=80=9D has already been discussed.=\nThe victim\nrationalizes or excuses his own conduct. The amazing thing is\nthat this one test is an extremely accurate device to predict, by\nitself, marriage happiness or failure. Investigations have established\nthat persons obtaining low scores in that one test have consistently\nproved to be unsatisfactory mates in marriage.\nNo husband ever gets conditioned to excuses for the lateness of\nmeals, the unmade beds, the buttons that have not been sewn on.\nHe doesn=E2=80=99t resent the inconveniences as much as he resents the\nwife=E2=80=99s constant excuses for failure to show some improvement.\nThe Escapist.\nThe escapi=\nst is a close relative of the alibier, but somewhat\nmore honest. He finds himself unable to cope with his everyday\nproblem of living in a modern world so he turns and flees\nfrom them. This flight may be physical.", "chunk_index": 300, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_301", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "That is, he may become\na hermit or may go into the armed forces where he can shed all\nresponsibilities for directing his own life. But more often nowadays\nthe flight is into a dream world, via narcotics or alcohol.\nHeavy drinking is steadily becoming more serious. Many distillers\nare even urging moderation in their advertisements. It is not\nmerely on a moral basis that marriage counselors will warn you\nto shun the heavy drinker. As a husband or wife he=E2=80=99s a hard person\nto live with. And marriage rarely cures dipsomania or any other\nmania.", "chunk_index": 301, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 551, "length_words": 96 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_302", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "So don=E2=80=99t think you can cure a fianc=C3=A9 or fianc=C3=A9e wh=\no habitually\ntipples.\nThe causes of drunkenness are not too well known but one thing\nis sure: the habitual use of alcohol is just a symptom of the person=E2=80=\n=99s\nbasic maladjustment to life, and not the cause of the maladjustment.\nIn alcohol he forgets his problems, or imagines that\nhe has found brilliant solutions for them.\nThe person who drinks excessively is always a psychological\nproblem and an amateur cannot hope to be too successful in tackling\nit. Even a sanatorium cure brings only temporary relief unless\nthe basic conflicts that impelled him to drink are resolved. Usually\n[152]\nvery careful counseling of the alcoholic is necessary to uncover his\ntroubles and help him work out a solution for them.\nThe Disorderly Mate.\nTo =\nbe successful in marriage or almost\nanything else in life, a person must keep his affairs in a fair degree\nof order.", "chunk_index": 302, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 930, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_303", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You should be wary if you find that a person you are\nconsidering for marriage is sloppy in his or her appearance or\naffairs.\nIf a girl=E2=80=99s apartment looks like an unmade bed, you can consider\nthat a fairly accurate forecast of how she would manage your home.\nOr if a man is habitually late for dates or shows up without a tie\nor with unshined shoes, you can be sure he would be even more\nsloppy and inconsiderate as a husband.\nNeatness, of course, can be overdone. One wife we know objects\nto her husband sitting in certain chairs until he has changed his\nclothes. Another will not permit her husband to enter the living\nroom=E2=80=94which she prizes=E2=80=94until he takes off his shoes, unless =\nthere\nare guests.\nSome people are fastidious about the way they dress and yet are\ndisorderly in organizing their lives. Others are the other way\naround.", "chunk_index": 303, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 856, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_304", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But when disorderliness becomes general an intolerable\nstrain is imposed on a marriage.\nThe Mate with Clinging Relative=\ns.\nStatistically, in-laws cause\nabout as much marriage woe as drinking. Many a promising marriage\nhas been marred by them.\nIn the past six months, more than ten per cent of the troubled\nmarried couples consulting the Penn State Marriage Counseling\nService had problems aggravated or initiated by their in-laws. We\nread recently a letter from a young wife who bewailed the fact\nthat her husband=E2=80=99s mother insisted on going along with them on\ntheir honeymoon. She had told her son she needed a vacation and\nwould like to go with them.", "chunk_index": 304, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 660, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_305", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Without consulting the bride he agreed.\nThe bride lamented:\n=E2=80=9CI spent far more time alone with my mother-in-law than I did\nwith my bridegroom!=E2=80=9D\nLiving with in-laws at any time creates a hazard for most couples\n[153]\nand should be avoided if possible, but it is particularly irritating\nduring the first few months of marriage. Those months are crucial\nbecause of the adjustments the two people are making. It is then\nthat they get fully acquainted, adapt their habits, work out compromises.=\np>\nAny person contemplating marriage shows lack of foresight if\nhe fails to consider the attachments his prospective mate may have\nto close relatives, or if he fails to weigh the chances that these\nrelatives will ever live with the couple, and the outcome if they do.\nOne little-known aspect of this is that some in-laws in a couple=E2=80=\n=99s\nhome cause more trouble than others.", "chunk_index": 305, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 887, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_306", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The husband=E2=80=99s mother, for\nexample, is apt to produce more difficulties than the wife=E2=80=99s mother\nbecause it is the wife who must spend the most time with the\nwoman.\nThe husband=E2=80=99s mother often becomes a rival of the wife for the\nhusband=E2=80=99s attentions and=E2=80=94as the husband=E2=80=99s own mothe=\nr=E2=80=94may become\nhead of the household.\nLikewise a wife=E2=80=99s father in the household presents more difficul=\nties\nthan the husband=E2=80=99s father.\nIt is not necessarily fatal to live with in-laws. In fact the hazards\nare relatively small if the man and wife are both grown up emotionally\nand very happily married.\nIf you do find yourself eventually living with an in-law in the\nhome, remember most of all to keep all financial arrangements\nclear-cut, and abide by them even more scrupulously than you would\nif they involved total strangers.", "chunk_index": 306, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 877, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_307", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Further, don=E2=80=99t borrow money from\nthem.\nThe Flirt.\nWhether male =\nor female, the person with the roving,\naggressive eye is a poor prospect for marriage. The flirt is a poor\nprospect because he is basically a shallow, conceited, inconsiderate\nperson, incapable of genuine love.\nHe will prove a difficult, unsatisfying person to live with as a\nmarriage partner, because the wedding ceremony will not change\nhis fundamental characteristics. You will have trouble establishing\na give-and-take relationship with him. Then, when the glamour\n[154]\nof the wedding wears off and the normal difficulties of marriage\nadjustment confront him, he will find this humdrum and start\nrecalling his premarital conquests. Soon he may be flirting again\nand you may find yourself with a triangle on your hands. Triangles\nare responsible directly or indirectly for at least a fourth\nof all divorces.\nARE YOU TOO JEALOUS?\nEvery person is a little jealous of his or her mate.", "chunk_index": 307, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_308", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But there is a poin=\nt\nwhere the jealousy becomes excessive=E2=80=94and dangerous.", "chunk_index": 308, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 82, "length_words": 12 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_309", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Whether real or\nimaginary, the jealousy puts you in such a dark mood that anything you\ndo may harm rather than improve the relationship.\n1.\nDo you feel this potential mate of yours negl=\nects you?\nYes\nNo\n2.\nDo you want and need considerable attention a=\nnd praise?\nYes\nNo\n3.\nDoes he turn and look at other girls (or does=\nshe seem to relish the attention of other men)?\nYes\nNo\n4.\nDo you ever try to =E2=80=9Cget even?=E2=80=\n=9D\nYes\nNo\n5.\nIs your temper easily aroused?\nYes\nNo\n6.\nDoes it upset you to have somebody disagree w=\nith you in public?\nYes\nNo\n7.\nDo you keep close tabs on him (or her) when b=\noth of you are at a party?\nYes\nNo\n8.\nDo you feel envious of certain other persons =\nof your own sex that you know?\nYes\nNo\n9.\nDo you ever quarrel with this person after re=\nturning from a party?\nYes\nNo\n10.\nHas he, or she, learned\nnot\nto prais=\ne other people of your own sex in front of you?\nYes\nNo\n11.\nDo you like to listen to gossip?\nYes\nNo\n12.\nDo you sometime feel alone when in a crowd?=\ntd>\nYes\nNo\n13.\nDo you want this person to wait on you a good=\ndeal?\nYes\nNo\n14.\n[155=\n]\nDo you think most people of the opposite sex =\nwill bear watching?\nYes\nNo\n15.\nWhen this mate is late do you want an explana=\ntion?\nYes\nNo\n16.\nDo you ever have it out with a person who say=\ns untrue things about you?\nYes\nNo\n17.\nWould you be considered a =E2=80=9Cpossessive=\n=E2=80=9D person?\nYes\nNo\n18.\nHave you ever suspected that some friend=E2=\n=80=99s mate was misbehaving and have\ncontrived to let the friend know a=\nbout it?\nYes\nNo\nIf you answered fourteen or more of these with\nyes\nyou are a vi=\nctim\nof extreme and unhealthy jealousy.", "chunk_index": 309, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1623, "length_words": 331 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_310", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If however you answered less than\nfour with\nyes\nyou apparently don=E2=80=99t even love the person.=\np>\n[156]\nChapter XV\nPeople Who Should Not Marry at All\nEvery time the Marriage Counseling Service at Penn St=\nate has\noffered its course on the preparation for marriage, the class has\nbeen asked to list the qualifications they think a person has to have\nbefore he should undertake marriage.\nIt was interesting to note that the girls in the class consistently\nvoted for higher qualifications than the men.", "chunk_index": 310, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 504, "length_words": 86 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_311", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "We have averaged\nthe responses of the many hundreds of students and present below\nthose qualifications mentioned by at least fifty per cent of the\nstudents:\nQualifications for Marriage=\nPercentage\nVoting for =\nThem\nFreedom from venereal disease\n100%\nFreedom from feeble-mindedness\n(If sterilized, 24% =\nwould permit marriage)\n99%\nFreedom from insanity\n97%\nFreedom from criminality\n94%\nFreedom from dipsomania\n91%\nFreedom from drug addiction\n85%\nFreedom from neuroticism\n76%\nProof by groom that he can support bride\n(This incl=\nudes evidence of occupational proficiency\nand at least $150 in savings)<=\n/td>\n69%\nRecord of no more than one divorce, if any\n50%\nOther qualifications suggested but receiving less than fort=\ny-five\nper cent of the votes were freedom from tuberculosis, cancer,\nepilepsy and fatal heart disease, freedom from sterility and from\n[157]\ninherited physical defects.", "chunk_index": 311, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 886, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_312", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "About ninety-seven per cent of the students\nthought that both men and women should have premarital\nphysical exams that would determine freedom from venereal\ndisease.\nWe feel that there is a great deal of merit to the qualifications\nraised by the students. With those as a starting point we have prepared\nnine questions which you should ask yourself=E2=80=94and be able\nto answer\nyes\n. They are\nminimum\nqualifications for marria=\nge. We\nfeel you should have serious doubts about the advisability of marrying\nanother person if you answer\nno\nto even one of the questions.\nHere they are:\nIs Your Mate Sane and from a Fa=\nmily in Which No Insanity is\nPresent?\nExcept in pronounced forms, psychoses are not easily\ndiagnosed. The borderline between sanity and insanity is no more\ndistinct than is the line between black and white. All shades of\ngray exist.", "chunk_index": 312, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 849, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_313", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many paranoidal persons roam the streets of our country\nand in many cases are able to carry the responsibilities of normal\nlife, at least until they encounter continued frustration which will\nbring the insanity into an easily recognizable form. Insanity is not\neasily detected unless there is uncontrolled behavior or pronounced\nincompetence in obeying normal standards of behavior. In a recent\nbook issued through the National Committee for Mental Hygiene\nthere is a statement that one out of twenty-five persons reaching\nadulthood should be confined. Another four out of twenty-five are\nseverely neurotic and another eight are handicapped by milder\nneurotic disturbances.", "chunk_index": 313, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 673, "length_words": 102 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_314", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "On the basis of these findings at least one\nperson in four is severely maladjusted and at least one in two is\nmaladjusted to some extent.\nIf you are concerned about the mental balance of any possible\nmate, you might ask yourself these questions:\nHas he been confined at some time in a mental institution?\nHas he been rejected or released from military service because of outrig=\nht\nmental disturbances?\nDoes his family have a history of insanity?\nIs he free from syphilis?\n[158]\nHas he ever suffered from severe injury damaging the brain?\nDo you know if he has shown extreme aberrations on any psychological\ntests to measure abnormalities of mental function?\nHas he failed to discharge the responsibilities of life in a legal, comp=\netent,\nconventional manner?\nHas he any record of uncontrollable rages resulting in injuries to\nothers?\nDoes his family physician question his sanity?\nWhile it is possible that he might be sane though you answered\nyes\nto some of these questions, the odds are against it.", "chunk_index": 314, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1002, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_315", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "You shoul=\nd\nkeep in mind however that many boys discharged from this past\nwar as neuropsychiatric cases are not insane and most of them will\nbe able to settle down within a few months after their discharge\nand earn a livelihood and live a normal life.\nIs Your Mate Law-Abiding, Does =\nHe Have a Record Free of\nCriminal Offenses and are His Parents Likewise Law-Abiding?\nMany employers, including the federal and state governments, hesitate\nto employ a person with a criminal record. The habitual criminal\nis not easily cured. Certainly three or more convictions for\ncriminal offenses should indicate a personality pattern adverse to\nmarriage happiness. In New York State, four convictions for\ncriminal offenses automatically result in life imprisonment.\nIs Your Mate in Fairly Good Phy=\nsical Health Generally and\nFree from Venereal Disease?\nMost of the states have passed\nlaws providing statutory protection against syphilis.", "chunk_index": 315, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_316", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "These states\ncontain about three-fourths of the total population of the country.\nIt is interesting that about one person in a hundred taking premarriage\nblood tests is found infected with syphilis. In these days\nof the miracle sulfa drugs and penicillin, cures of venereal disease\ncan be effected in a matter of weeks. Syphilis is a blighting disease\nwhich, if uncured, will wreck any marriage sooner or later. Anyone\nwho is in chronic bad health due to other ailments adds a\nsevere burden to any marriage.\nIs Your Mate Free from Using Dr=\nugs Such as Morphine or\nHeroin or Marijuana?\nAddiction to the traditional drugs is not\n[159]\na serious problem in this country but a great many young people\nhave been taking to marijuana for quick =E2=80=9Cjags=E2=80=9D under the im=\npression\nthat such jags are not dangerous. Musicians particularly often\nuse this drug.", "chunk_index": 316, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 860, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_317", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But it is a dope just as surely as opium is, its effect\ncan be just as vicious, and it is used only by persons who are unstable\nemotionally and thus poor marriage risks to start with.\nIf Your Mate Drinks, is He Temp=\nerate in the Use of Alcoholic\nBeverages?\nThe dipsomaniac is an alcohol addict just as the opium\nsmoker is a dope addict. He is characterized by an uncontrollable\ncraving for alcohol. In some people alcohol produces a temporary\nfeeling of well-being and elation, sometimes called euphoria. Because\nit does, people sometimes turn to drinking as an escape from\ntheir unsolved problems. Bit by bit the habit of drinking is built\nup. The person who marries a mate who is an excessive or habitual\ndrinker in the expectation of reforming him is due for a bitter\nawakening. Marriage rarely cures drinking or any other abnormal\ncondition. Expert treatment is needed. In skilled hands the drunkard\nis sometimes cured=E2=80=94if he really convinces himself that he wants\nto be cured.", "chunk_index": 317, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_318", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But the cure is long and arduous and the proportion\nof relapses is still great.\nIs Your Mate Intelligent Enough=\nto Earn a Living and Discharge\nthe Responsibilities of Life Competently?\nThere is no\ndoubt that feeble-mindedness is inherited. Individual intelligence\ntests usually indicate that any person is feeble-minded who scores\nan IQ of seventy or less. (One hundred is average.) Even when\nsterilization of a feeble-minded person is performed it still does\nnot seem reasonable to permit that person to marry since he can\nrarely contribute to the success of a marriage and often cannot\nearn a living.\nIs Your Mate Fairly Stable, Wel=\nl-adjusted and Able to Get\nAlong with People?\nThere are many shades of nervous disorders\nranging from neurosis through psychoneurosis. The neurotic has a\nminor nervous disorder. The psychoneurotic has some ailment=E2=80=94without\norganic basis=E2=80=94which may involve hysteria, a paralysis or\n[160]\ncramps.", "chunk_index": 318, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_319", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many so-called miracle cures take place with persons who\nactually have no physical disabilities but have the disability in their\nmind.\nIn July 1945 such a =E2=80=9Cmiracle=E2=80=9D cure occurred at a militar=\ny canteen.\nA 20-year-old soldier was walking painfully around on crutches.\nOne of the junior hostesses asked him half-seriously if he would\nlike to dance. He stated that he would but that he couldn=E2=80=99t even wa=\nlk.\nShe replied that she was a big strong girl who could hold him up.\nThe soldier laughed, pushed his crutches under the table, stood\nup shakily, clung to a chair, then to the hostess. Getting started\nwas difficult and he stumbled a time or two. Slowly they began\nto dance. Amazingly the soldier began having less and less trouble\nwith his legs. They danced all through the evening and when the\nsoldier left to take her home he was walking perfectly and left\nhis crutches as a memento of his cure.", "chunk_index": 319, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 923, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_320", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "As a result of a shrapnel\nwound he had become convinced he would never walk again.\nUnder the stimulation of music, and the eagerness of a young girl\nto dance, the soldier forgot his crutches. So it goes with psychoneurotics.\nThey are convinced that their neck is paralyzed, that they\ncannot hear or cannot see. Many such cases show immediate improvement\nonce the war is over and the frustrations and fears of\nwar lift from them. But others retain their bodily symptoms of\npsychological disturbance throughout their lives.\nIn this postwar world, marriageable girls will have to be concerned\nabout the mental disturbances of some ex-service males.\nThey should be sensible about these defects and realize they are\nmerely a product of war-imposed frustrations. But they should\nbe sure that they recognize the defects and are prepared to live\nwith them.", "chunk_index": 320, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 848, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_321", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "About twenty per cent of all war casualties returned\nto this country have been mental cases, and the fighting was so\ngrueling in some theaters of war, such as the Solomons, that the\npercentages of psychological casualties have been known to rise\nat times to as high as forty per cent of all casualties.\nA neurotic or psychoneurotic needs skillful treatment from a\npsychiatrist or clinical psychologist. A girl should hesitate to marry\nsuch a person at least until a medical authority has pronounced\n[161]\nthat he is competent to make the adjustments that a marriage entails\nand to fill the role of a mate successfully.\nIs Your Mate a Person Who Has N=\not Been Divorced from Two\nPrevious Marriages?\nEven a person with one divorce to his credit\nis a hazard when he remarries. A person with two divorces should\ndefinitely be shunned, if you hope to achieve a lasting and happy\nmarriage.\nDivorce is not inherited, but it does run in families.", "chunk_index": 321, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 938, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_322", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It is known\nthat persons whose own parents are divorced are much more likely to\nseek divorce than those whose parents were not divorced. Divorce\nis marriage bankruptcy, and any person who has failed twice in\nmarriage is unlikely to succeed in a third. A person with a record\nof two divorces should have his right to marry anyone seriously\nquestioned. A bank would certainly hesitate to lend a man money\nwho had failed to pay a previous loan, and certainly would refuse\na loan to a person who had gone bankrupt twice before.\nThe couple that marries in haste frequently divorces in haste.\nThus one reason for many of our wartime divorces.", "chunk_index": 322, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 636, "length_words": 113 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_323", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Likewise the\ncouple that takes plenty of time before marriage rarely has to seek\na divorce, especially if that marriage results in children.\nWill You and Your Mate Be Able =\nto Support Yourselves?\nThis\npresumably will mean that before undertaking marriage one of\nthe mates=E2=80=94preferably the man=E2=80=94should demonstrate through a\nwork record that he is capable of earning a living. Under normal\ncircumstances, about one wife in six or seven works to supplement\nthe earnings of her husband. It is probable that not less than\none wife in fifty is the sole support of the family. The best way\nto demonstrate ability to earn a living is for one of the mates\n(again preferably the man) to demonstrate occupational proficiency\nby at least one year of gainful employment.\nIt is also important that no couple should marry without a cash\nreserve after the costs of the wedding. Sickness, possible pregnancy,\nthe furnishing of an apartment and other factors make some emergency\nfund advisable.", "chunk_index": 323, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_324", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The Penn State students thought this saving\n[162]\nshould amount at least to ten per cent of the estimated expenses\nfor the first year.\nIn making sure you are both physically fit for a happy marriage\nwe recommend that you submit to a premarital physical examination.\nIn fact some couples like to have two premarital exams, one\njust before they become formally engaged, and the second just\nbefore they marry. It seems to us that if physical factors are found\nwhich might seem undesirable to either member of the couple, or\nto their families, it would be best that such conditions be discovered\nbefore the formal engagement, to avoid embarrassment.", "chunk_index": 324, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 645, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_325", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The second\nexam would be token just before the marriage because the\nlaws of many states require that the physical exam be taken within\nthirty days of the marriage date.\nWhether you plan one or two exams, there should be one\nthorough one, far more comprehensive than that required by law.\nThe typical physician, in order to keep the exam reasonable in price,\nusually examines only far enough to find if the couple meet the\nlegal requirements, which are primarily concerned with freedom\nfrom venereal disease. Here are some things that a comprehensive\nexam should cover:\n1. Physical defects that may be crippling or later impair the\nability of the individual to earn a living or make a home.\n2. The hereditary history of each family should be checked for\nthe possibility of insanity or feeble-mindedness or other inherited\ndefects that might be transmitted to offspring even though not too\napparent in the person being examined.\n3.", "chunk_index": 325, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_326", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Because most couples will want children, the reproductive\napparatus should be examined to see if reproduction is possible\nand that the individual is free from defects that would make conception\nimpossible or childbirth hazardous. (This would mean\npelvic measurements for the female.) The possibility of sterility or\nimpotence should be checked and any physical factor that might\nimpair or prevent normal sexual relations should be treated.\n4. There should be an investigation of the integrity and normal\nfunctioning of the heart, respiratory apparatus and the central\nnervous system.\n[163]\n5. Freedom from venereal disease, both gonorrhea and syphilis,\nshould be ascertained.\nThe physical exam gives the physician an unusually good opportunity\nto allay any fears regarding sexual adjustment that either\nperson may have. At the examination just prior to the wedding,\nthe physician can give the girl instructions in the role of the female\nin physical intimacy.", "chunk_index": 326, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_327", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There should be an explanation of orgasm,\nand if desired, there can be instructions about birth spacing.\nEven though some factors may be adverse that does not mean\nyou should refrain from marrying. It simply means that both of\nyou go into marriage with your eyes open. Furthermore, most\nphysical defects can be corrected, often even sterility.", "chunk_index": 327, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 343, "length_words": 57 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_328", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Much of the\nimpotence among young men is caused by psychological rather than\nphysical factors.\nIS THE MATE A NEUROTIC?\nAnd while you are at it you might ask yourself whether you are too.\nAnswer\nyes\nor\nno\n.\n1.\nIs he or she easily fatigued?\n2.\nDoes he or she have many headaches?\n3.\nDoes the mate often feel blue?\n4.\nDoes he feel unhappy much of the time?\n5.\nDoes he frequently seem to feel lonely?\n6.\nDoes he often complain that he feels nervous =\nand shaky inside?\n7.\nDoes he often seem to feel miserable?\n8.\nDoes he seem to find it hard to trust people?=\n9.\nDoes it bother him to talk to strangers?\n10.\nAre his feelings easily hurt?\n11.\nDoes he often have the feeling that the whole=\nworld is against him?\n12.\nIs it apparently difficult for him to keep hi=\ns mind on what he is doing?\n13.\nIs he troubled frequently with indigestion or=\nheartburn?\n14.\n[164=\n]\nDoes he say that he sometimes gets so discour=\naged he feels like giving up?\n15.\nDoes he often feel weak or as though he were =\ngoing to faint?\n16.\nDoes he often have pains in his hip or back?<=\n/td>\n17.\nDoes he think that people talk about him behi=\nnd his back?\n18.\nDoes he think he has had a great deal of hard=\nluck in his life?\n19.\nDoes he say that people frequently play mean =\ntricks on him?\n20.\nDoes he worry about many things?\n21.\nDoes he have trouble getting along with peopl=\ne?\n22.\nDoes he complain of being frequently troubled=\nwith long periods of insomnia or restless sleep?\n23.\nDoes he often appear listless, indifferent or=\nuninterested in life around him?\n24.\nIs he suspicious of some of his acquaintances=\nor friends?\n25.\nAre his habits of eating or sleeping irregula=\nr and peculiar?\nAn affirmative answer to any one of these questions does not mean\nthe person is a neurotic by any means.", "chunk_index": 328, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1768, "length_words": 341 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_329", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But a pattern of neuroticism is\napparently present in the person if he answered ten or more with\nyes.\nHe appears to be maladjusted to life. Ideally every question should be\nanswered\nno\n. If you feel you don=E2=80=99t know the person well en=\nough to\nanswer some of the questions, score only those you are sure of. Then, if\ntwo out of five of your answers are\nyes\n, it would appear that the =\nperson\nmay be maladjusted. And incidentally, how did you make out yourself?\n[165]\nChapter XVI\nWill a Job Undermine the Marriage?\nThe Only thought couples usually give to their respec=\ntive careers\nat the time they decide to marry is whether there will be enough\nincome to support them. Actually, the\ntype\nof work the groom\ndoes may produce irritations that may ruin the union. Or if the\nbride wants to continue her career after marriage, that may cause\ntrouble if not handled carefully.\nLet=E2=80=99s take the problem of the bride first.", "chunk_index": 329, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_330", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Should she continue h=\ner\ncareer or devote all her energy to managing a home? There is,\nof course, no final answer. We know of many married couples who\nhave worked out excellent relationships while the wife continues\nher career. But we also know that such an arrangement is not\nnormal and that it often produces difficulties because of psychological\nfactors. It is apt to be a blow to the husband=E2=80=99s sense of\nmastery of his own home if the bride decides that he can=E2=80=99t support\nher properly on his salary. It deprives the wife of the opportunity\nto win the husband=E2=80=99s affection and appreciation for her homemaking\nskill. Believe it or not, one very important appeal of marriage\nto a man is to have his favorite dishes home-cooked and\nwaiting for him when he comes home from work. If the wife\nhas a career, the couple usually ends up eating out or eating\nwarmed-up delicatessen specials.", "chunk_index": 330, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 906, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_331", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Finally a career makes it difficult\nfor a wife to bear and rear children, and children are another of\nthe big values of marriage that hold couples together.\nHomemaking is a definite career, and if there are children, a full-time\ncareer. There is far more to making a home than the housekeeping\nend of it.", "chunk_index": 331, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 304, "length_words": 55 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_332", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A homemaker is a physician when the husband\n[166]\nor child is sick; she is an interior decorator; she must be a good\ncook and dietitian; she must be an expert on clothing repair; she\nmust be a good teacher and an expert on the psychology of handling\nchildren; she must often be a judge in settling arguments; she\nmust be an expert purchasing agent because she will spend at least\neighty per cent of the family=E2=80=99s income; she must be some sort of\nbookkeeper if she keeps the budget and pays the bills; she must\nbe a repair man who can replace a fuse, repair an electric light\ncord, put oil on a squeaking hinge.\nIf the average husband gave as mediocre a performance on his\njob as many wives do as homemakers he would be fired.", "chunk_index": 332, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 732, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_333", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Unquestionably\none of the reasons why divorce is on the increase\nis that careers and other diversions prevent wives from giving as\nmuch attention and care to the art of homemaking as they once did.\nWhy do married women work? Here are the main reasons:\n=E2=80=94Pure necessity.\n=E2=80=94To enable themselves to have more luxurious and extra comforts\nthan the husband=E2=80=99s income alone could afford.\n=E2=80=94Because marriage is not too satisfying to them and they are bor=\ned.\n=E2=80=94Because they do not want children.\n=E2=80=94Because they want to be independent financially.\n=E2=80=94Because they would rather hire somebody to do the housework tha=\nn\nto do it themselves.\n=E2=80=94Because they want an independent career.\nVirtually all studies made show that the happiest married women\nare those who do not work after marriage. In the study by Dr.\nG. V.", "chunk_index": 333, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 861, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_334", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Hamilton,\nA Research in Marriage\n, only forty-five per ce=\nnt\nof the women working after marriage had a =E2=80=9Csatisfactory=E2=80=9D to=\n=E2=80=9Cvery\nsatisfactory=E2=80=9D marriage compared to some fifty-five per cent of the\nwomen not working after marriage who were happy in marriage.\nOnce a wife starts working, she may resolve to stop at the end\nof a specific period, but by the time the deadline arrives she usually\nfinds a reason why she should continue a little longer. Frequently\nshe and her husband have bought things like an automobile that\nprevent them from attaining enough stability financially to permit\n[167]\nher to stop working. She continues to work, thereby putting off\nhaving children and perhaps never has them.\nBut now let=E2=80=99s take up the greater=E2=80=94and less understood=E2=\n=80=94dangers\ninvolved in the types of work the groom does.", "chunk_index": 334, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 867, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_335", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many wives today\nthink they are dissatisfied with their husbands when actually they\nare dissatisfied with his working habits or his job.\nFor example, some jobs carry more social prestige than others.\nHere are some twenty-four occupations rated by college students\n(1940) on their prestige, with those with the highest prestige at the\ntop and those with the least prestige at the bottom:\n1.\nPhysician\n13.\nFarmer (owner)\n2.\nClergyman\n14.\nInsurance agent\n3.\nLawyer\n15.\nSalesman\n4.\nCollege professor\n16.\nBookkeeper\n5.\nManufacturer\n17.\nMachinist\n6.\nBanker\n18.\nCarpenter\n7.\nArtist or author\n19.\nBarber\n8.\nMan of leisure\n20.\nFactory operative\n9.\nEngineer (college trained)\n21.\nBlacksmith\n10.\nFactory superintendent\n22.\nSoldier\n11.\nSchool teacher\n23.\nTruck driver\n12.\nStorekeeper\n24.\nDitch digger\nRichard O. Lang, as a graduate student at the University of\nChicago, made a study of marriage happiness based upon ratings\nmade by acquaintances of more than seventeen thousand married\ncouples.", "chunk_index": 335, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_336", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "On the basis of his findings here is how fifty different\noccupations rated on the descending scale of marital happiness. The\nhappiest are at the top and the least happy are at the bottom.", "chunk_index": 336, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 187, "length_words": 34 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_337", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Here\nis the approximate order:\n1.\nChemical engineers\n26.\nFactory foremen\n2.\nMinisters\n27.\nGarage owners\n3.\nCollege professors\n28.\nMail clerks\n4.\nTeachers\n29.\nInsurance salesmen\n5.\nEngineers\n30.\nBrokers\n6.\nWholesale salesmen\n31.\nElectricians\n7.\nChemists\n32.\nDruggists\n8.\nAccountants\n33.\nClerks\n9.\nCivil engineers\n34.\nSalesmen, auto, etc.\n10.\nOffice workers\n35.\nRailroad office workers\n11.\nPhysicians\n36.\nRailroad workers\n12.\nBankers\n37.\nFarmers\n13.\nNewspaper workers\n38.\nBond salesmen\n14.\nGovernment workers\n39.\nSkilled workers\n15.\n[168]=\nspan>\nCo=C3=B6perative officials\n40.\nBarbers\n16.\nArchitects\n41.\nGas station employees\n17.\nLarge business owners\n42.\nTruck drivers\n18.\nLawyers\n43.\nMusicians\n19.\nStore salesmen\n44.\nReal estate salesmen\n20.\nContractors\n45.\nPlumbers\n21.\nPrinters\n46.\nAuto mechanics\n22.\nBookkeepers\n47.\nCarpenters\n23.\nDentists\n48.\nGeneral mechanics\n24.\nBank employees\n49.\nTraveling salesmen\n25.\nSmall store owners\n50.\nLaborers\nOne interesting statistic is that while eighty per cent of =\nthe clergy\nhad happy or very happy marriages (as assessed by their friends)\nonly forty per cent of salesmen had marriages at least as happy\nor very happy, again as assessed by friends.", "chunk_index": 337, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1188, "length_words": 184 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_338", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Only eleven per cent of\nthe clergy seemed to be really unhappy in marriage while thirty-six\nof the salesmen were.\nObviously education is not the determining factor in an occupation=E2=80=\n=99s\nhappiness quota because physicians, lawyers and dentists,\nwho require more schooling than almost any other group, are definitely\nless happy in marriage than engineers, teachers and ministers.\nMusicians rate very low, coming between truck drivers and real\nestate salesmen, apparently because of the mobility and impermanence\nof their jobs.\nThere are seven types of work that seem to be the major vocational\ntroublemakers. They don=E2=80=99t need to produce trouble. In fact\nif both the man and wife are aware of the potential dangers involved\nand act accordingly trouble rarely occurs. But if they don=E2=80=99t posses=\ns\nsuch awareness, they may find it increasingly difficult to find happiness\nthrough marriage. Both will be resentful without knowing\n[169]\nwhy.", "chunk_index": 338, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 955, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_339", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "We don=E2=80=99t advise girls to avoid marrying men in these types\nof work. That would be ridiculous. But we do suggest that they\ntake the job into consideration. Then, if they go ahead and marry\nthe man, they will do it with their eyes wide open and with a plan\nto remove the danger by normalizing their married life as much\nas possible despite the job.\nWith that thought in mind let=E2=80=99s take up the seven big troublemak=\ners.\nThe Man Who Travels a Lot. This includes not only the traveling\nsalesman, whose reputation for waywardness has a great deal of\nbasis in fact, but also traveling entertainers, truck drivers, professional\nsoldiers, casual laborers, railroad workers, air pilots. There\nare also multitudes of others whose work requires stopovers or\nprolonged stays away from home. It is the mobility of the job\nrather than the fact that unreliable characters work in them that\nproduces the trouble.", "chunk_index": 339, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_340", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Lonesome and dissatisfied, the mobile person\nseeks substitutes which create strife at home when they are learned\nof, and feelings of guilt with the man even when they aren=E2=80=99t. Such\na mobile person is more likely to come in contact with other women\nwho may seem very attractive to him since he is denied the companionship\nand daily affection of his family. There seems to be\nabsolutely no doubt that those occupations which are somewhat\nfixed, that is, which require little or no traveling, provide happier\nmarriages, other things being equal.\nWives can counteract the danger by frequently arranging to\naccompany the husbands on trips they may make. Even though the\nwife may have children, there are many trips on which she can\naccompany her husband.", "chunk_index": 340, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 756, "length_words": 126 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_341", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In most cases the husband, far from resenting\nher presence, welcomes it because he does get lonely and bored\ntraveling in strange towns.\nEven though the wife is busy she should take time out to accompany\nher husband over his entire territory so that she sees some\nof the problems he faces and meets some of the people he has to\nwork with. In doing this she serves two purposes: she is better able\nto talk to her husband intelligently about his work if she knows\n[170]\nthe operation and the people involved. This will encourage him\nto unburden his occupational problems to her rather than think\nshe is just a dumb housewife and take them elsewhere or brood\nover them.", "chunk_index": 341, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 666, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_342", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The second purpose is that by letting his associates on\nthe route see her she makes them more aware of the fact that\nhe is a happily married man and they will thus be less likely to\nput temptations in his way.\nIn taking normalizing actions such as these, a girl can more\nsafely choose a mate whose work keeps him mobile and with less\nfear that the marriage will be hazardous.\nThe Man Nobody Knows.\nIf=\nthe groom earns his income outside\nthe community where you will live and is seen very little there,\nhe will feel less desire for social approval of his conduct. To put\nit in sociological terms, he will not be under close =E2=80=9Ccommunity\nscrutiny.=E2=80=9D Thus he is more susceptible to the temptation of heavy\ndrinking, gambling, or other women than the man whose job\ndoes come under community scrutiny. Examples of the latter are\nteachers, ministers, storekeepers, and town officials.", "chunk_index": 342, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 891, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_343", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "These men all\ncome into a great deal of daily contact with the members of the\ncommunity and thus are more concerned about =E2=80=9Ckeeping up appearances=\n.=E2=80=9D\nOther things being equal, the greater the degree of social\ncontrol exerted, the greater the happiness of the marriage.\nIf a girl does marry a man who doesn=E2=80=99t come under this scrutiny,\nshe can to some extent bring him under it by being seen with her\nhusband at many public places, encouraging him to join with her\nin participating in many community activities, by introducing her\nhusband to many different people and letting them know the kind\nof work he does.\nThe Man Who Works at Abnormal H=\nours.\nDuring the war we\ncame to hear a lot about the swing shifters. But in war or peace\nthere are millions of men who keep unusual hours=E2=80=94policemen,\nnewspapermen working on morning newspapers, bartenders, night\nwatchmen, etc.", "chunk_index": 343, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_344", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They can make it difficult for a wife, particularly\nif she is a mother, to adapt her daily routine of living to the shifting\nhours of work. This is destructive to happiness because husband\n[171]\nand wife have too little opportunity to be with each other. Furthermore\nnot many men can change their hours of sleep from week\nto week without becoming irritable. If he has children he is denied\nthe normal opportunities to play with them. All the evidence we\nhave indicates that occupations which require working late are not\nas likely to be associated with marital happiness as those occupations\nwhich permit working during the daylight hours.\nIn one case a couple married seven years were on the verge of\ndivorce within four months after the husband took a night job.\nHe had become lonely because he missed all his normal associations\nand finally had fallen in love with a waitress at an all-night lunchroom\nwhere he ate.", "chunk_index": 344, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_345", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Happily the wife kept her senses and instead\nof agreeing to the divorce merely asked for a postponement of the\ndecision for a few months. Meanwhile she got busy and made\na greater effort to make home a more appealing place to him.\nShe rearranged the schedule of the children so they could be with\ntheir father an hour every day, she began paying more attention to\nher own grooming and arranged her own schedule so that she\ncould sleep at the same time her husband did two days a week.\nSoon the husband lost interest in the other woman.\nThe Man Whose Income Is Irregul=\nar.\nThis includes all salesmen\nworking on commission, free-lance writers, small business owners,\nseasonal workers, lawyers, physicians, brokers, plumbers, architects,\netc. One fact that has been noticed repeatedly in marriage studies\nis that regularity of income has a considerable influence upon marriage\nhappiness.", "chunk_index": 345, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 885, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_346", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Apparently couples having regular incomes are\nbetter able to plan their expenditures and savings, to be neither\nflush at one time nor impoverished at another, and are better able\nto work out long-term financial plans. At any rate there seems to\nbe a good deal less bickering where the income is regular. To live\nhappily with a man with a fluctuating income the mates need to\nshow the wisdom of the Biblical Joseph, by saving during fat\nmonths for lean months, and by keeping an unusually rigorous eye\non the accounts. If they can save up a real backlog, and can take\na philosophical attitude toward the whimsies of his income, they\n[172]\nshould have no more trouble than the average couple. The savings\nwill provide a psychological cushion as well as a real one.\nThe Man Whose Work Is Dirty or =\nNerve-racking.\nWe know a\nfarmer who says his wife is so annoyed by his dirty clothes that she\nwon=E2=80=99t touch them and won=E2=80=99t let him inside her house until h=\ne\nputs on dress shoes.", "chunk_index": 346, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_347", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Such wives should remember that dirt is an\nhonorable mark of a farmer=E2=80=99s, a mechanic=E2=80=99s, or a coal miner=\n=E2=80=99s occupation.\nAnd perhaps if approached good-naturedly, he can be persuaded\nto change to clean clothes before leaving the site of his\nwork.\nOther husbands have jobs whose work is noisy, tense, or exacting.\nThis includes steeplejacks, tunnel builders, foundry workers,\npilots, etc. The jobs leave the husband emotionally exhausted and\nhighly irritable. The wife of such a man will find herself involved\nin repeated quarreling and sniping unless she realizes the husband=E2=80=99=\ns\nstate of mind when he comes home and sees to it that he has a warm\nbath and an hour of rest and relaxation before she disturbs him\nor approaches him with any family problems.\nThe Man Who Feels Insecure in H=\nis Job.\nJob security, like regularity\nof income, is an important factor in marriage happiness.", "chunk_index": 347, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_348", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A\nnumber of studies have shown that the most contented and satisfied\nmen are those who feel secure in their job. The assurance of\npermanence enables the man to be serene. When a man feels insecure\nin his job he is more likely to change jobs frequently, hoping\nto improve his tenure. This constant changing of not only jobs but\nthe accompanying new neighborhoods and school systems for the\nfamily produce frayed nerves and many annoying problems. Loss\nof work, even though it is temporary, brings worry over where\nthe next meal is coming from, brings in the possibility of public\nrelief, lowers the man=E2=80=99s self-respect and may decrease his wife=E2=\n=80=99s\nconfidence in him as a worth-while husband and provider.", "chunk_index": 348, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 719, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_349", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Undoubtedly\none of the reasons for the rise of the divorce rate after\nthe great depression was the tension engendered by threat of unemployment\nwhich placed great strains upon family living.\nIf a girl marries a man in such a status she should be prepared\n[173]\nto help her husband by not being critical of his work and by not\nthrowing it up to him that he is unable to get a permanent job.\nShe can even encourage, and sympathetically help him get some\nspecialized training that may prepare him for a better job which\noffers greater security. Perhaps he can do it at night or by correspondence\ncourses. Far more men than do would seek to improve\ntheir vocational skills if their wives would encourage and inspire\nthem to become more competent.\nThe Man Who is Not Proud of His=\nJob.\nSocial prestige of an\noccupation is an intangible factor that nevertheless has a great deal\nto do with marital happiness.", "chunk_index": 349, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_350", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A man is more likely to work out\na happy marriage when he is engaged in work that is approved\nand respected by the community. If the man is a gravedigger or\nbill collector or dogcatcher the wife, and particularly the children,\nmay be sensitive about the lack of prestige involved. If such a marriage\nis to succeed, the wife must realize that her man is performing\nan essential function in the community. Further, she should\nrealize that if such a family seems to live happily together, if they\nare active in church and community affairs and lead respected\nlives, they will be accepted for what they are and not for what\nthe man=E2=80=99s occupation happens to be. One of the happiest, most\nrespected men we know is the garbage collector in a New England\ntown.\nWe repeat, the seven types of men we have just discussed are not\nnecessarily to be shunned as mates.", "chunk_index": 350, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 860, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_351", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But girls marrying them should\nrealize the problems that may be involved.\n[174]\nChapter XVII\nThe Veteran as a Mate\nMost of the marriages from now until 1955 will involv=\ne veterans\nof World War II. It is probable that at least eight million veterans\nwill marry by then. During these years our marriage rate is expected\nto be the highest in our history.\nFor this reason, if for no other, it is pointless to make any special\nproblem of the veteran, as so many people are trying to do. It is\ntrue that war changes men, but it also changes the girls who stayed\nat home=E2=80=94and for that matter the men who happened to stay at\nhome.", "chunk_index": 351, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 630, "length_words": 118 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_352", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "There is no need to discuss the question, =E2=80=9CShould a girl\nmarry a veteran?=E2=80=9D because most girls will marry veterans anyhow,\nand there is no reason why they should hesitate.\nBut what we will do now is point out some of the changes that\noccurred while the man was away so that the veteran and the girl\ncan understand each other better.\nIn many ways the veteran is a better prospective mate than when\nhe went away. He may have acquired some good habits in the\nArmy: getting up on time, taking care of personal belongings,\norderliness. His horizon may have broadened and he may have\nlearned to be more tolerant. He probably has matured beyond his\nchronological age. He has learned a great deal about loyalty to a\ncause, perseverance and patience, all of which will help make him\na better mate. Often he has achieved a needed emotional independence\nfrom home and mother.", "chunk_index": 352, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 879, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_353", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He has become practical and\nvery realistic.\nMost important of all, perhaps, he learned while away to appreciate\nthe value of marriage and the home. He yearns more than\n[175]\nanything to settle down in some quiet place with a nice girl and\nraise a family. He has had enough running around and being at\nloose ends.\nThe veteran, of course, has lost and gained certain skills, he may\nseem crude and he may appear to have lower ideals and standards.\nHe worries a great deal about the future, is somewhat unsure of\nhimself in some civilian situations. Ernie Pyle the late, famed war\ncorrespondent pointed out some of these changes when he wrote:\nOur men can=E2=80=99t make the change from normal civilians into warrior=\ns\nand remain the same people. Even if they were away from you under\nnormal circumstances ... they would not come home just as you knew\nthem.... They are bound to be different people from those you sent\naway.... They are rougher.... Killing is a rough business....", "chunk_index": 353, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_354", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Language\nhas changed from mere profanity to obscenity.... They miss\nwomen.... They expressed longings.... Their whole conduct show\ntheir need for female companionship.... Money value means nothing\nto them.... A man learns to get what he needs by =E2=80=9Crequisitioning.=\n=E2=80=9D\nIt isn=E2=80=99t stealing, it=E2=80=99s the only way to acquire certain thi=\nngs.... War\nputs old virtues in a changed light. We shall have to relearn a simple\nfundamental or two when things get back to normal.\nThe standards of fighting men are those of men living without\nwomen, of men who have lost many of the moral values of our\nnormal living. If they hadn=E2=80=99t lost them they wouldn=E2=80=99t have =\nbeen\ngood killers. Some of them have feelings of guilt and remorse from\ncheap women they have known.", "chunk_index": 354, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 792, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_355", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Others are shy and withdrawn\nbecause they have had long periods of isolation away from women.\nAs a result of the war many veterans have open or subconscious\nconflicts involving weakened morals, shattered values, duties to\nothers, =E2=80=9Cdebt=E2=80=9D the government owes them, opportunities they=\nhave\nmissed, war injuries or handicaps they incurred. They are bothered\nabout whether to return to school ... whether to go back to the\n=E2=80=9Cold=E2=80=9D sweetheart ... whether to remain in the Army. Some ha=\nve\nfeelings of inferiority as they try to make their way into a strange\nworld or return to an almost forgotten world. In the Army or\nNavy they learned to let others take the responsibilities and the\ninitiative. They made fun of the =E2=80=9Ceager beavers=E2=80=9D and learne=\nd to\n[176]\nregard =E2=80=9Cgoldbricking=E2=80=9D (evading hard work) as a virtue.", "chunk_index": 355, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 869, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_356", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But =\nin\ncivilian life, ambition and hard work are two of the great virtues.\nIn addition to all these issues to worry them, they face the job of\ndeciding what to do. In one survey of soldiers, about seven per cent\nsaid they would return to school on a full-time schedule with or\nwithout government aid. Another twenty-eight per cent said they\nwould go back to school if government aid was provided. That\nmakes thirty-five per cent who hope to go to school. (But many of\nthem probably won=E2=80=99t.) Most of these hoping to return were under\ntwenty-five. About half of all the men hoped to return to their old\njob or to a new job in their same community.\nThe average veteran has four alternatives of action: He can go\nback to school; he can go back to his old or a similar job; he can\ngo into a job for the first time; he can select a new field of work.\nMost of them want a vacation, a wife, and a job, though not necessarily\nin that order.\nSome of the men will have feelings of insecurity.", "chunk_index": 356, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 190 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_357", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Some of them\nhave never worked before. They are asking themselves: Can I get\na job? Will my old job be waiting for me? (This particularly disturbs\nmen who are being released relatively late.) Is my girl going\nto marry me? Was she loyal to me while I was gone?\nIf you are a girl considering the possibility of marrying a veteran,\nhere are thoughts you might keep in mind.\n=E2=80=94You must assume he is a normal person and treat him like one.\nEven if he doesn=E2=80=99t seem to be he should make the adjustment to civi=\nlian\nlife within a few months.\n=E2=80=94Don=E2=80=99t confess any =E2=80=9Cmisdeeds=E2=80=9D of your ow=\nn=E2=80=94they will only upset\nhim and add nothing either to the present adjustment or future happiness.=\np>\n=E2=80=94Talk out your problem, your futures, carefully and in detail.", "chunk_index": 357, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 803, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_358", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "T=\nhis\nwill help both of you be sure of the responsibilities you face in marriage\nand will cause both of you to plan systematically and not haphazardly\nabout the future.\n=E2=80=94If you agree to marry, go ahead and be married in church with a\nconventional ceremony with all the trimmings. Unless he is terribly\n[177]\nopposed, don=E2=80=99t be contented with less than a church or home wedding\nwith the friends and families of both present. Studies have shown that\nmarriages that took place within the sanctity of the church tend to be\nhappier than those that do not.\n=E2=80=94In dealing with him during the first few weeks don=E2=80=99t te=\nll him what to\ndo or where to go. Make him feel relaxed, encourage him to wait on\nyou, make him feel useful.\nIf you are a returning veteran you should accept the fact that you\nare going to find your girls different from when you left. And it\nwon=E2=80=99t be all aging.", "chunk_index": 358, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 910, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_359", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They have been working in greater numbers\nthan ever before and on the surface are more independent. In spite\nof this, remember that girls want to be treated gently and considerately.\nThey still love soft lights and sweet music, they want to hear\nyour compliments, they want that tender good-night kiss if they\nlike you, and that romantic conversational interplay.\nYou must not forget that you have been away a long time. You\nmay find your feminine psychology rusty. Girls are still soft and\nsentimental, still wanting to be made love to, still wanting to marry\nand make homes and have your children. Don=E2=80=99t let the inhumanity\nof war make you cynical. Such an attitude would keep you from\nfinding the mate with whom you can be happy.\nWill you pick your mate or will she pick you? Because of the\nsurplus of women over men now you can do the picking. You don=E2=80=99t\nhave as much ground for wondering whether you will marry as the\ngirls do. But will you pick your own mate? Probably not.", "chunk_index": 359, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_360", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It has\nbeen said: =E2=80=9CA man rushes after a woman until she catches him.=E2=80=\n=9D\nActually, picking a mate nowadays is a mutual process; both of\nyou pick each other. It is a complicated process and probably neither\nof you knows quite what is going on. Part of the time one of you\nmay be more aware of what is going on than the other; part of the\ntime neither of you is sure.\nWhat kind of a mate should you look for? These things have been\ncovered in detail in previous chapters. However here are a few\nthoughts that take on particular pertinence when applied to veterans.\nAsk yourself:\n[178]\nWill she make me a good wife? Can she cook, sew, run a home?\nIs she the sort of girl I would like to have as a mother of my children?\nWill she wear well? Don=E2=80=99t pick her just because she is glamorous\nbecause glamour and good looks are largely cosmetic processes\nanyway.", "chunk_index": 360, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 874, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_361", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Is she selfish or is she considerate of me and my well-being?\nWhat are her good traits? What are her poor traits?\nDon=E2=80=99t marry a girl who has traits that are opposite of your own\nunless she is opposite only in good traits which you lack. For example,\nif your own parents were unhappily married, pick a girl\nwhose parents were happily married. If you feel unsure of yourself,\npick a reliant, confident girl.", "chunk_index": 361, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 413, "length_words": 74 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_362", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If you are quite irritable, be sure to\nget a mate who is definitely tranquil.\nWhat about the men who have been physically or mentally hurt\nby the war? Should a girl shun a man who has a war injury?\nIn World War II, which lasted some forty-four months, casualties\nof one sort or another exceeded one million men, with nearly three\nhundred thousand lives lost and with fifteen thousand veterans losing\nan arm or leg or more members of his body.\nTo learn how girls would feel toward marrying injured men, the\nsenior author asked five hundred girls whether they would marry\nveterans with any of thirty-three different types of war injuries. The\ninjuries included such things as loss of speech, loss of two eyes,\ncomplete deafness, recurrent malaria, loss of hair and eyebrows due\nto burns, several fingers missing, injuries to head including replaced\nnose, ear, teeth and jaw.", "chunk_index": 362, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 872, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_363", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many of the girls queried were engaged\nto servicemen.\nIt was interesting to note that older girls showed a greater willingness\nto marry injured men than the younger girls. This may be\ndue to the fact that the older girls are more concerned about their\nchances of marrying. Also, engaged girls showed a greater willingness\nthan unengaged girls. The reason for this may be that engaged\ngirls know the capabilities of their fianc=C3=A9s and can see how their\nmen could be successful at a job and marriage in spite of an injury.\nOf the thirty-three injuries, only four were checked by the majority\nof engaged girls as serious enough to impel them to withdraw\nfrom their engagements.", "chunk_index": 363, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 678, "length_words": 117 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_364", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Those four, in order were:\n[179]\nImpotence\nLoss of both arms in such a way that they can=E2=80=99t be\nreplaced with artificial arms\nMental unbalance requiring institutional confinement\nfor several months or longer\nLoss of both legs so that they are not replaceable.\nWhile, as you notice, these fianc=C3=A9es felt extremely reluctant to\nmarry a man who had lost his sexual potency, only a small proportion\n(16%) would refuse to marry an ex-soldier who had become\nsterile.", "chunk_index": 364, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 470, "length_words": 77 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_365", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Inasmuch as most of the engaged girls would not marry a\nman who had become sexually impotent it is clearly evident that\nsexual activity is regarded in a far different light than having children.\nMost of the girls would marry if they could have sex even\nthough there were no possibility of conceiving children.\nWhen the unengaged girls were queried, eight injuries were listed\nby the majority, including the four mentioned by the engaged girls.\nThe additional four were:\nLoss of speech\nLoss of one leg and one arm, when neither is replaceable\nGeneral permanent bad health\nMental instability that requires no institutionalizing.\nIt was interesting to note that neither group showed a majority\nopposing blindness. Also, note that these girls listed loss of limbs\nonly where they were not replaceable. Most girls professed willingness\nto marry men if their lost limbs could be replaced by artificial\nones.", "chunk_index": 365, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 901, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_366", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "All of the girls seem to have been deeply impressed by the\nprogress made in rehabilitating the injured. Many had seen the\namazing results with their own eyes and so had lost their fears about\nmarrying men with such injuries.\nProbably seventy-five thousand returning veterans may have hearing\nimpairments. But with hearing aids or lip-reading, most of\nthese men can be fairly normal within a few months.\nEven though a girl hesitates about marrying an impotent man,\nmuch of impotence is psychologically caused and if so is curable.\n[180]\nFurthermore the newer sex hormones science has discovered are\nwonder workers.\nHere are a couple of precautions that should be observed in marriages\ninvolving injured men:\n=E2=80=94No girl should marry a veteran because of pity.", "chunk_index": 366, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 763, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_367", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "It should be fo=\nr love.\n=E2=80=94No veteran should hesitate to marry just because he has a defec=\nt,\nproviding the two love each other, one of them (preferably he) can\nmake a living, and providing they have discussed the handicap and both\nunderstand its nature and limitations.\n=E2=80=94They should give themselves a waiting period, just as any other=\ntwo\npeople who have been separated should do, for say six months before\nmarrying.\n=E2=80=94Remember that few people are one hundred per cent perfect physi=\ncally.\nUnder usual conditions, eighteen per cent of our working population\nhas a definite physical defect or chronic disease. Of our war\nhandicapped, it is believed that some eighty per cent can be placed, by\ncareful selection of jobs, in work where they can be happy and just as\nproductive in that particular job as they would be without the handicap.\nAnother twelve or thirteen per cent will need rehabilitation before such\nplacement can be made.", "chunk_index": 367, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_368", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Another five per cent will need extensive rehabilita=\ntion\nand even then will have to be placed in =E2=80=9Csheltered=E2=80=9D work.=\np>\nWhat about the psychological casualties of war? Here we do have\na real problem. Before the end of the war a third of the Army=E2=80=99s\ndischarges were psychoneurotic cases of one form or another. But\nyou should also remember that about one-sixth of the men rejected\nby the draft, the 4-\nF\n=E2=80=99s, were rejected for neuropsychiatri=\nc reasons. The\nfact is that close to one-fourth of all the single men in this country\nare maladjusted to some extent. This helps explain the terrific rise\nin the rate of divorce.\nPsychoneurosis is a broad term covering =E2=80=9Ccombat fatigue,=E2=80=\n=9D =E2=80=9Cwar\nnerves,=E2=80=9D ulcers and other psychosomatic disturbances.", "chunk_index": 368, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 803, "length_words": 127 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_369", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In World\nWar I it was misleadingly referred to as =E2=80=9Cshell shock.=E2=80=9D Don=\n=E2=80=99t feel\nthere is something lacking in a veteran who suffered a psychological\nbreakdown because the facts show that unskilled =E2=80=9Cbad eggs=E2=80=9D =\nare\nless likely to break down than the men who had good records in\n[181]\nclerical or skilled jobs in civilian life and were exemplary in their\nmilitary conduct. Some of the factors producing breakdown in war\nservice were long-continued tension, repeated expectancy of injury\nor death, terrifying experiences, loss of comrades in war from battle,\nexcessive physical fatigue, insufficient sleep.\nPerhaps it would help you to understand the psychoneurotic if\nwe explained just how these breakdowns occur. Try to bear in mind\nthat all of us have a breaking point, which varies from person to\nperson.", "chunk_index": 369, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 843, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_370", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This breaking point is a =E2=80=9Cfrustration climax=E2=80=9D and i=\ns reached\nwhenever the person has so many frustrations piled on him that he\ncan no longer endure them. The ability to take it is frustration tolerance.\nAny one of us can break if the frustrations are intense\nenough and long continued. So when the soldier breaks, it simply\nmeans that his frustrations have been more than he can bear. It is\nnothing to be ashamed of and nothing to be hidden. In a war the\nsoldier is constantly exposed to the threat of death, and never seeing\nhis loved ones again. But in civilian life, death does not constantly\nthreaten him and normally he is not so beset by frustrations.\nImmediately after the 1918 Armistice was signed, thousands of\nsoldiers who seemed to be neurotic, shellshocked, etc., recovered very\nquickly.", "chunk_index": 370, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 817, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_371", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Why? Because their lives were no longer threatened, they\ncould return home and were relieved from the noise of battle and\nthe emotional upheavals of seeing comrades shot down.\nWhat does all this tell you? Simply this. When such a veteran\ncomes home he may seem strange and nervous. He may be cynical\nabout girls and disgusted with things in general. He may even break\nout in tears occasionally and will gripe a great deal. But he usually\nwill return to normal soon. It may take a month, three months,\neven six months. If you are his girl just be patient. Don=E2=80=99t make hi=\nm\ntalk, don=E2=80=99t ask him for harrowing details of battle. Encourage him\nto get plenty to eat, sleep and rest. Don=E2=80=99t drag him around and sho=\nw\nhim off. Give him lots of love and affection. Keep him busy and\noccupied when he is in the mood. In short, be natural with him,\nbut don=E2=80=99t pamper him too much or too long.\nAs for marriage, there is no reason why he shouldn=E2=80=99t marry.", "chunk_index": 371, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 980, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_372", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "He\n[182]\nwill usually make a perfectly normal husband if he isn=E2=80=99t exposed to\nnew, continued frustrations. If he is still unsettled certainly don=E2=80=\n=99t\nmarry yet because marriage, and the responsibilities marriage involves,\nwill certainly not help him. The best procedure would be to\nwait at least six months and then marry=E2=80=94unless his doctor or psycho=\nlogist\nadvises against it.\n[183]\nChapter XVIII\nSo You Agree to Marry: What Next?\nWe presume there are still young men who get down on =\ntheir knees\nand make formal proposals but we aren=E2=80=99t personally acquainted\nwith them. The average couple today goes about it more casually.\nIn the course of a conversation they may discuss marriage and find\nthat both like the idea.\nPerhaps the old way was better. At least it was clear-cut.", "chunk_index": 372, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 807, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_373", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Nowadays\na girl often cannot be quite sure whether she is engaged or not.\nThe young man may talk good-naturedly about =E2=80=9CWhen we get\nmarried=E2=80=9D or may give her his wings or fraternity pin without\nexactly explaining what the symbol is to mean. Most girls tell us\nthey have been engaged two or three times. Perhaps this vagueness\nis one reason why they fall in and out of engagements.\nWhen is a couple engaged? According to our thinking, two\npeople are not engaged until they definitely agree that they want\nto marry each other ... not until they inform their friends and if\npossible their respective parents that they intend to marry ...", "chunk_index": 373, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 648, "length_words": 113 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_374", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "and\nnot until the man gives the girl some symbol to display that will tell\nthe world she is engaged and off the marriage market.\nFour out of five men who become definitely engaged give their\nfianc=C3=A9es an engagement ring and that is probably most practical\nbecause a ring has been the one accepted, universal symbol of betrothal\nfor more than twenty-five hundred years. Originally the\nsymbolism was less subtle. The ring originated in the days of marriage\nby capture when the ankles or wrist of the girl were bound\nwith sweetgrass. As the bindings became purely symbolic only the\nfinger was tied up, with an engagement ring. If you decide on a\n[184]\ndiamond ring (and more than three-fourths of couples do) they range\nin price from a few dollars to many thousands of dollars.", "chunk_index": 374, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 778, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_375", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "According\nto one of the women=E2=80=99s magazines, more than half the engaged girls\nget diamond rings costing about fifty dollars.\nWhatever the symbol adopted, it should serve the purpose of taking\nthe couple =E2=80=9Cout of circulation=E2=80=9D and to provide exclusivenes=\ns for\neach other.", "chunk_index": 375, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 292, "length_words": 44 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_376", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "That is one of the basic conditions of an engagement.\nExceptions can be made if the man is away for a prolonged period,\nbut as a rule there should be no extra-curricular dating.\nHere are some of the purposes that an engagement should serve\nin addition to taking you out of circulation:\n=E2=80=94Engagement provides a period of deepening love and affection du=\nring\nwhich there is an awakening of sexual feelings which will make the\ncouple yearn for the full intimacy which marriage permits.\n=E2=80=94It serves as a period of planning for the future during which t=\nhe\ntwo plan when they will be married, the kind of wedding they will have,\nwhere they will honeymoon, the sort of housekeeping arrangement they\nwill make, where they will live, etc.\n=E2=80=94It is a period of personality adjustment, of welding the couple=\ninto\na union.\n=E2=80=94It is a period of exploring each other=E2=80=99s interests to f=\nind what activities\nexist that both enjoy and can share.\n=E2=80=94It is a time when the wise couple prepares for marriage.", "chunk_index": 376, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1031, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_377", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The ma=\nn\ngets a job, saves some money. The girl learns and perfects her homemaking\nskills in cooking, sewing, and house managing.\n=E2=80=94It is a time to decide whether they want children and how many.=\n=E2=80=94It is a time when antagonistic habits are broken and new habits\nwhich will permit a smoother married adjustment are established.\n=E2=80=94It is a time when differences are recognized about religion, ab=\nout\nparents, and solved or compromised.\nBecause of all these functions, the engagement is a period that requires\ntime.\nThe beginning of the war saw a sharp rise in =E2=80=9Cgangplank=E2=80=9D=\nor\nhasty war marriages. And the end of the war produced another\nsharp rise. Thousands of couples rushed into marriage a few days\nafter the returning veterans got off the boat.", "chunk_index": 377, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 785, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_378", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "We can appreciate the\n[185]\ndesire of some long-separated couples to marry immediately but if\nthey do they are only adding to the inevitable toll of broken marriages\nthat will result.\nHasty marriages get off to a bad start simply because the engagement\nperiod, which is the period of planning and preparation for\nmarriage, is cut short.\nIn one study that was made, forty-seven per cent of the married\ncouples who had known each other less than six months prior to marriage\nwere poorly adjusted! Of those who had been acquainted for\nfive years prior to marriage, less than fifteen per cent were poorly adjust=\ned.\nOf those who had known each other less than three years,\nabout thirty-three per cent were poorly adjusted.\nSimilarly, about fifty per cent of the couples had a poor adjustment\nif they had been engaged less than three months before\nmarriage. In contrast, less than twenty per cent had poor adjustment\nwhen their engagement period ranged from nine months to two\nyears.", "chunk_index": 378, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 979, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_379", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "And less than ten per cent of those who had been engaged\nmore than two years were poorly adjusted. In other words, the\nprospect of an unhappy marriage clearly decreases as the length of\nthe engagement increases.\nAnd incidentally the same study showed that couples were more\nhappily married if both sets of parents approved the marriage.\nParents in general are more likely to approve an orderly marriage\nthan one contracted in haste.\nMany hasty marriages are contracted secretly. These take two\nforms. First, the elopement, which is characterized by a secret wedding,\nbut not by a secret marriage. In the second type the couple\nnot only are married secretly but keep the marriage a secret. All the\nevidence indicates that either type is less likely to be happy even\nthan the hasty marriage performed in public. By their very nature,\nsecret weddings should be avoided by couples.", "chunk_index": 379, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 877, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_380", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They rarely take\nplace unless the persons are not sure they are doing the right thing.\nFor couples that involve a returning veteran, it is especially important\nthat they be engaged at least six months after the reunion before\nmarrying. This time will permit you to become reacquainted, to\nmake up your minds if you still want to marry each other, and\n[186]\nto adjust to the changes you two have had during your separation.\nIt provides the veteran time to decide what to do about his career.\nAnd it provides him with a chance to get back into the routine of\ncivilian living before he takes on the responsibilities of marriage.\nIn the Army or Navy much of his thinking was done for him. Now\nhe must think for himself and take on responsibilities.", "chunk_index": 380, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 744, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_381", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The transition\nmay be relatively short for him if he decides to go back to an\nold job; it may be quite long if he elects to continue his vocational\npreparation.\nSex is a problem during engagement, because it is accepted as a\nperiod for greater intimacy, and properly so. In courtship restrained\ncaressing may be engaged in without disturbing public morals, but\npetting as we define it should wait upon engagement. Our customs\npermit greater intimacy during engagement than during courtship\nbut frown upon complete intimacy before marriage. On the other\nhand, society relaxes chaperonage of engaged couples, permits them\nto keep later hours, to be together for longer periods of time, perhaps\nto take trips together. Under such circumstances restraint must\nbe applied if an engaged couple is to refrain from intercourse. Fortunately\na girl has more inhibitions and thus can apply restraint\nmore readily.", "chunk_index": 381, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_382", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "However, if she loves her fianc=C3=A9 deeply she is torn\nbetween two desires: whether to do or not do what she has been\ntaught; or whether to do or not do what her loved one suggests.\nIf she gives in to him, it is usually because of the tenderness of her\naffection rather than because she has great sexual desire. Each couple\nshould decide what their limits will be and stick by them. Both\nshould remember that many engagements never result in marriage.\nWhile an engagement represents an honest declaration of intention\nby the two people that they intend to marry, engaged couples\nshould feel that if there is any question in their mind about the\ncontinuance of the engagement each should feel free to call it quits.\nThey should discuss their apprehensions frankly. It is far better\nnot to go through with a marriage that may prove unsuited or\nunhappy. (However it is foolish, of course, to break an engagement\nover a quarrel.) This chance of breaking off is another reason for\na long engagement.", "chunk_index": 382, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 996, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_383", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The authors feel that everything should be\n[187]\ndone to encourage couples to be sure of each other before marriage\nis contracted. If couples were trained more for marriage and went\nthrough a longer preparatory period, then the more poorly matched\ncouples would become aware of the shoals ahead and we would\nhave far fewer broken marriages in America!\nRegardless of how badly it may hurt a mate or parents or friends,\nyou should never marry a person against your better judgment\nbecause wedlock will only aggravate an unpleasant situation. Nor\nshould you be deterred from fear that the mate will be so upset\nemotionally that he will commit a rash act. Such a fear in itself\nshould be proof that the person is not emotionally stable and so\nprobably would not make you a good spouse. (Incidentally, a rash\nact is exceedingly unlikely.)\nOne of the questions engaged people frequently ask marriage\ncounselors is how much of a =E2=80=9Cpast=E2=80=9D should be revealed by on=\ne mate\nto the other.", "chunk_index": 383, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 991, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_384", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "One general principle should be followed completely,\nnamely, that whatever is to be revealed should be revealed\nbefore\nmarriage and not afterward. A second principle is that lurid confessions\nof the past do not provide a good basis on which to begin\na marriage. In most cases, we believe, it is wiser for the young\ncouple not to tell each other things that may build resentment or\ndistrust or may create hurt or may produce problems outweighing\nwhatever might be gained through telling. Just because one becomes\nengaged is no reason why every skeleton must be rattled.\nThe only thing that a couple should tell each other are things that\nwould have a bearing on their future happiness in marriage. Such\nthings as concealed physical defects, previous marriage, legal embarrassmen=\nts,\ndebts, etc., should be told because they will come out\nsooner or later anyhow.", "chunk_index": 384, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 861, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_385", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "However, if you do feel impelled=E2=80=94perhaps\nthrough feelings of guilt=E2=80=94to reveal disagreeable aspects of your\npast, discuss it with some trusted confidant or physician beforehand\nto confirm the wisdom of doing so. And when you do make the\nrevelation, do it casually and without emotion and without making\na great fuss over it.\nEngagement is a time of growing tolerance and trust and understanding.\nFrankness characterizes it and you and your mate should\n[188]\nbe realistic with each other in facing your problems. Your major\nproblems deal primarily with the present and the future rather than\nwith the past.", "chunk_index": 385, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 619, "length_words": 99 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_386", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "One evidence that you are trying to solve them is the\nwillingness with which you freely discuss them with each other,\nwith your parents and with your trusted confidants.\n[189]\nChapter XIX\nGetting Ready for Married Intimacy\nIn the course of counseling, one occasionally encount=\ners a couple\nwhose marriage has not been attended by complete physical intimacy.\nIn one such case the two people had been married two years.\nMore astounding, neither of them was aware that complete physical\nintimacy is quite common among married couples! Both had been\nreared in extremely sheltered atmospheres. The boy was a minister=E2=80=99s\nson. The girl had been reared by maiden aunts.", "chunk_index": 386, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 669, "length_words": 109 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_387", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They were completely\nna=C3=AFve about sexual phenomena and had no understanding\nof what was giving them the feelings of frustration from which they\nsuffered.\nHow important is sex in marriage? Does it have much to do with\nthe happiness one derives from marriage? Or is sex merely important\nin reproduction?\nWhile sex may not be the most important factor in marriage, it\nfrequently makes or breaks a marriage. And a satisfying adjustment\non the level of physical love is closely associated with marital happiness.\nProbably the most important thing in making a marriage\nsuccessful is the determination of both mates to make the marriage\nwork. Companionship and the mutual working out of problems\ntogether are the fruits of happy marriages.", "chunk_index": 387, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 736, "length_words": 120 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_388", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "But couples are rarely\ngood companions if they have repressions or fears or maladjustments\nwhich thwart their achieving a satisfying unity on the physical level.\nSome experts have estimated that during the first few years of\nmarriage nearly half of marriage happiness depends on the sexual\nadjustment achieved. This does not seem unreasonable because sex\nprovides the first rush of desire that launches the marriage and\n[190]\ncontinues to integrate the couple and bring a sense of harmony to\ntheir union.\nAs the years pass couples achieve an increasingly satisfying adjustment\nand the union of their bodies at frequent intervals in\nclimactic pleasure provides a bond between them. The experience\nalso is important in reducing the tensions that develop in both mates\nduring the course of their daily living. These tensions are of many\nkinds but they include the sexual tension which results from hormones\nbeing poured into the blood streams of both the man and\nwoman.", "chunk_index": 388, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 966, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_389", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The exhilarating orgasms that come as a climax in successful\ncoitus break these tensions and produce satisfying feelings of\nrelaxation and serenity.\nOne of the misfortunes of modern marriage is that so many\nmarried couples are not able to achieve a satisfactory sexual adjustment.\nStudies have shown that at least a third of all wives rarely\nexperience orgasm and at least half of all wives do not experience it\nwith any great regularity. The major reasons for their failure are:\n=E2=80=94Most wives are more inhibited and repressed than their husbands=\n.\n=E2=80=94Most young wives have less actual sex drive than their husbands=\n.\n=E2=80=94The husbands in too many cases are inconsiderate of the wife an=\nd\nare primarily concerned in achieving satisfaction for themselves.\nToo often sex=E2=80=94instead of being a bond=E2=80=94becomes a quarreli=\nng\npoint between the couple. Both are resentful.", "chunk_index": 389, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 896, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_390", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Such feelings tend to\nincrease tension rather than reduce it.\nBecause sex is so vital to the happiness of a marriage, we suggest\nthat both you and your mate read a good book on sexual adjustment\n(\nsee\nbibliography\n) so that you wi=\nll know what to expect and won=E2=80=99t\nbe frightened by the thought of it.\nThe girl (and perhaps the man) can learn a great deal by taking\nup the matter at length when she goes for a premarital physical\nexamination a week or so before the wedding. She can ask the\nphysician questions about sexual matters and clear up any points\nthat trouble her. He can describe for her the sensations she can\nexpect to experience during the physical intimacy.", "chunk_index": 390, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 678, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_391", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "At the time of\nthe examination she can also discuss any fears she has of immediate\n[191]\npregnancy before their marriage has a chance to become stabilized.\nHe may suggest contraceptive devices or techniques to eliminate\nthat possibility and may take her pelvic measures to see if the pelvis\nis too narrow for normal childbirth. Most engaged couples want to\nknow about contraception, and the average young doctors and\nnearly all gynecologists are well equipped to give such information.\nCouples should be careful to thresh out this matter of contraception\nbefore marriage because religion sometimes causes them to have\nstrong=E2=80=94and dangerous=E2=80=94differences of opinion about it. The p=\nroblem\nof whether to have or not to have children, and when to have\nchildren, should definitely not be left to chance. Most religious\nleaders are now in agreement on that.", "chunk_index": 391, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 866, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_392", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For those couples whose\nreligion forbids contraceptive devices, the rhythm method can be\nfollowed, although this method is not recommended for couples\nwhose religion permits them to use other methods.\nAnother thing the bride-to-be may discuss with the doctor is her\nhymen, which is the traditional mark of a virgin since it stretches\nacross the entrance to her vagina. (Incidentally, the absence of the\nhymen as an obstacle is no evidence of non-virginity since it can be\ndisrupted in childhood without the girl=E2=80=99s knowledge or through\nmedical examinations.) If it is so thick that discomfort may be\nexperienced during first intercourse or if it prevents intercourse\nentirely, the doctor may prescribe a simple treatment.\nAll couples entering marriage should understand that intercourse\nis not something people do by instinct but is a learned procedure\nand that it takes about three to six months for the typical couple to\nwork out a thoroughly satisfying adjustment.", "chunk_index": 392, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_393", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many brides have all\nsorts of baseless fears that must be dispelled.\nThere are three distinct phases to a sexual experience between a\nman and woman and many of the difficulties arise because the man\nslights phases one and three.\nThe first phase is that of arousal. The husband and wife caress\neach other and become physically and psychologically ready for a\nmerging of their bodies. This first phase should not be hurried. It is\nespecially important that the husband remember this because a\nwoman=E2=80=99s passion arouses much more slowly than a man=E2=80=99s, part=\nicularly\n[192]\nduring the first few years of married life. By allowing plenty\nof time for the woman, the couple can help equalize their differences\nin sex drive. The presence of erect nipples is an indication that the\nwoman is becoming aroused and may be receptive to further\nadvances.\nPhase two is the actual coitus. In the early days of marriage this\nshould be engaged in gently.", "chunk_index": 393, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 949, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_394", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Later both may be able to enjoy the\ntumultuous vigor of unrestrained physical intimacy. The husband\nshould not forget during intercourse to tell his wife how much he\nloves her, how wonderful he thinks she is, how much delight she is\nbringing him. Nor should the wife feel hesitant or bashful about\ndoing likewise. If either can make suggestions to the other that will\nlead to greater enjoyment, both should feel free to do so. It is only\nby loving frankness and unashamed co=C3=B6peration that husband and\nwife are able to achieve the beautiful harmony and the exquisite\npleasure that only a satisfying sexual adjustment can bring them.\nIn many cases (unfortunately) the husband, because of strain and\nfatigue, will arrive at his orgasm almost immediately. The average\ncouple, after some experience, find that actual intercourse usually\nlasts about five to ten minutes. Some wives require ten minutes or\nfifteen minutes before they are able to achieve orgasm.", "chunk_index": 394, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 959, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_395", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Some men,\nperhaps one in seven, are unable to hold back ejaculation for more\nthan two or three minutes. All couples can bring their orgasms\ncloser to each other if they will try to accommodate themselves to\neach other. The ideal is for both man and wife to have orgasm\nsimultaneously.\nOrgasm for a man comes with the flooding or ejaculation of\nseminal fluid. For the woman, orgasm is marked by the sudden\nrelaxation of the muscles in her genital region. It is accompanied\nby a feeling of great tension reduction as well as great pleasure.\nNow we come to phase three, which should not be slighted. It is\na sort of postlude, an after the storm. The average wife derives\nexquisite pleasure from feeling herself and her husband relaxing.\nFurther, in this phase the wife wants to be held closely by her husband\nand to be told that he loves her.", "chunk_index": 395, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 839, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_396", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "She wants to be made to feel\nthat he loves her for what she is, all the qualities that she has, all\n[193]\nthe traits that she possesses, and not alone for the sexual thrill that\nshe has just given him. We might give the husband a practical suggestion\nat this point by telling him this. If his wife is slow in reaching\nan orgasm he can help her to reach orgasm more rapidly by\nmaking this postlude just as delightful for her as possible by being\ntender and romantic. Without realizing what is happening she will\nstrive to achieve orgasm for the pleasure she derives from his deep\nand sincere appreciation that comes afterward.\nMost young wives do not have an orgasm in the early days of\nmarriage and so should not be distressed if they do not experience\nit on the wedding night. In Terman=E2=80=99s study of several hundred\nwives, less than twenty-five per cent stated they had orgasm at first\nintercourse. Another twenty-five per cent said they experienced it\nwithin a few days or weeks.", "chunk_index": 396, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_397", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Another twenty-five per cent roughly\nstated that they experienced it sometime between the first month of\nmarriage and the twelfth month. And the remaining wives said\nthey had either never experienced it or did not experience it until\none or more years after marriage.\nIn scoring these same women on their marriage happiness, Terman\nfound that those women who did not experience orgasm within\nthe first year were significantly less happy in marriage than those\nwho had been able to achieve it within the first year. More than\nhalf of the happiest husbands and wives seemed to be those in marriages\nwhere the wife had orgasm within the first few months of\nmarriage.\nIt should be remembered however that the presence or absence of\norgasm is not necessarily a criterion of marriage happiness or unhappiness.\nWhile absence of it is clearly an obstacle for many couples\nit is not a major cause of unhappiness in marriage, providing that\nit does occur within the first year.", "chunk_index": 397, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_398", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The happiest couples seem to be\nthose where there is complete or fairly complete tension reduction\nexperienced in intercourse whether an orgasm occurs or not.\nWhat are the obstacles to happiness as far as sex is concerned?\nTerman found that many unhappy husbands complained most frequently\nabout such things as these:\n[194]\nWife shows too little enthusiasm.\nWife can not regularly reach an orgasm or is slow in reaching it.\nWife desires intercourse too rarely.\nWife not physiologically ready for intercourse.\nWife has too little regard for the husband=E2=80=99s satisfaction.\nWife does not express enough tenderness and consideration.\nIt was found that unhappy wives complained about such things\nas these:\nHusband has orgasm too quickly.\nHusband desires intercourse too frequently (or too rarely).\nHusband wants to go to sleep or get up too soon after the climax.\nHusband shows too little enthusiasm.\nHusband does not caress affectionately during the preliminary phase.\nHusband expresses too little tenderness.\nIf you wonder about the importance of physical love in marriage\nyou might remember that very few husbands and wives are unfaithful\nto each other if their passions are satisfied and if mates are considerate\nof each other=E2=80=99s needs.", "chunk_index": 398, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 1247, "length_words": 195 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_399", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The Marriage Counseling Service at\nPenn State has not found a single case of separation or divorce\namong couples who have achieved and maintained sexual harmony\nsince the early weeks of their marriage.\n[195]\nChapter XX\nGetting Off to a Good Start\nMarriage is a plunge, no matter how carefully it is p=\nlanned. The\nman takes on the responsibility of supporting someone besides himself\nfor the rest of his life. The girl gives up her name, her independence\nof action, and usually her career. Both mates must adjust\nthemselves to an entirely new existence.\nThe pattern of wedded relationship that will persist for the rest\nof your married life usually sets during the first few months. Every\nday you will take first steps. And those steps are important. You\nstart living together, planning together and sleeping together. At a\nhundred points you can make missteps that will leave scars on your\nrelationship long after the original incidents are forgotten.", "chunk_index": 399, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_400", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "That=E2=80=99=\ns\nwhy the first few months are so important.\nFor a girl, the wedding day will undoubtedly be the biggest day\nshe will experience in her life. Because of this the groom should\nhesitate before he discourages a church wedding or suggests that\nthey be married by some roadside justice of the peace. While\nbeing married in the church is not necessary for marriage happiness,\nit has been found that those couples who are serious-minded are\nmore likely to achieve happiness if their wedding is under the auspices\nof the church. Then it is planned, it is dignified, and the\nvows=E2=80=94which seem to take on added meaning in a church=E2=80=94are\nuttered before friends and relatives.\nThe bride should have the privilege of setting the date of the\nwedding. In doing this she should try to set the date so that it will\nfollow a few days after the menstrual period has ended.", "chunk_index": 400, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_401", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "She does\nthat not only because of anticipated physical intimacies, but because\n[196]\nthe menstrual period frequently makes a girl irritable and depressed=E2=80=\n=94hardly\nthe best mood for a honeymoon.\nIn planning the wedding and the honeymoon it is important to\navoid all situations that might produce tension and worry, and especially\nthe feeling of =E2=80=9Churrying somewhere.=E2=80=9D\nIf you can manage a honeymoon, take it by all means. It doesn=E2=80=99t\nneed to involve a long trip or staying at an expensive resort.", "chunk_index": 401, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 524, "length_words": 82 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_402", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Here\nare some suggestions on the site of the honeymoon that may be\nhelpful:\nIt should not be spent with friends or relatives.\nIt should be spent at a place where the couple is not well known.\nIt is better to spend it in the country or a small town rather than in\na bustling metropolis.\nIt should be spent where there will be no obligations to attend\nsocial functions or to meet definite schedules.\nIt should be spent where both will be completely free of outside\nresponsibilities, such as cooking their own food so there will be no\nlimit on the time they can be together.\nIt should be spent where there are things to do and activities to\nenjoy whenever they feel in the mood for such diversions.\nThe first adjustment faced by the typical married couple is sexual,\nfor the typical couple engages in sexual intercourse on that first\nnight. If they have discussed their attitudes on sex before the wedding\nthey have paved the way. Nevertheless many couples feel self-conscious\non their honeymoon night.", "chunk_index": 402, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_403", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Perhaps they would be even\nmore self-conscious if they realized that marriage happiness during\ntheir first few years will depend a great deal on achieving a good\nsexual adjustment.\nOften a husband can make that first night easier for a wife if he\nfinds an errand to perform while his bride is preparing to retire.\nHe may even suggest to her that he will be gone for fifteen or\ntwenty minutes, which will give her a chance to be in bed when he\nreturns. However if she seems eager for him to remain he should\ndo so because she may be a little fearful of being left alone. In any\ncase it is important that both respect each other=E2=80=99s privacy especia=\nlly\ncarefully during the first few weeks.", "chunk_index": 403, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 695, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_404", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Marriage, as we say, is an\n[197]\nabrupt step and each should strive to ease the impact of the transition\nas much as possible.\nIf the new husband is ever romantic it should be now! The bride\nis probably a bit nervous about what is to follow and this can be\nlargely dissipated if the groom is gallant and endearing and considerate.\nThis is not only the decent thing to do but is sound psychology.\nIt will build up in her a feeling of pride in him and a desire to\nshare with him everything possible.\nActual intercourse should not be launched on that first night if\nthe passions of both are not genuinely aroused. It is important that\nboth the bride and groom be completely agreeable before the first\nintimacy is experienced. If the bride remains apprehensive about it\nthey should content themselves with milder intimacies and take up\nthe matter another night.", "chunk_index": 404, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 856, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_405", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They should not feel there is some hard-and-fast\ntradition that they must have an experience that first night.\nIf the bride is a virgin and still possesses the impediment of one,\nboth should understand that some pain will be experienced during\nthe first intercourse and neither may achieve a climax.\nFurther, both should understand that sexual adjustment is learned,\nnot inherited. The initial learning may be somewhat awkward and\nnot too satisfying. It=E2=80=99s not a natural, spontaneous thing, contrary=\nto\nthe average young person=E2=80=99s notions. It is this misconception that\nfrightens many brides into frigidity when they find intimacy doesn=E2=80=99=\nt\ncome naturally to them immediately.", "chunk_index": 405, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 699, "length_words": 106 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_406", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Many feel that there must be\nsomething wrong with themselves when they don=E2=80=99t enjoy it from\nthe start.\nBut if they are patient and gentle with each other within a few\nweeks they should sense the deep thrills that lie in store for them.\nAnd within six months at most, they should have achieved a grand\nand satisfying relationship.\nIf they are to achieve anything beyond animalistic excitement, the\naim of both the man and girl should be not to receive satisfaction\nbut to give satisfaction. It is this considerateness that makes the act\nsublime and enriching. It welds them into a strong union.\nAs the honeymoon progresses, something usually happens toward\nthe end that jolts the couple back to reality. For the first time, perhaps<=\nspan class=3D\"pagenum\">\n[198]\nunconsciously, the groom starts acting like a husband or the\nbride like a wife. Usually it is the groom. Perhaps he forgets to kiss\nhis bride when he leaves her for a few hours.", "chunk_index": 406, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_407", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Perhaps she catches\nhim thinking of something else while she is confiding her love. Or\nperhaps he just refuses to get up and look at the gorgeous sunrise\nthat is thrilling her.\nThis little =E2=80=9Cbaptism=E2=80=9D comes sooner or later and brides s=\nhould\nprepare themselves for it. It signifies that the honeymoon is just\nabout over and that they are returning to the day-to-day job of\nliving together as two human beings. The bride may feel let down\nor heartsick. She may even cry a little or flare up and upbraid him.\nOr worse she may retreat into her shell. If she fails to handle the\nincident calmly and retain her sense of proportion she may develop\nan attitude that will get them off to a bad start.\nAs they get down to the day-to-day job of adjusting themselves to\nmarried life the wife will find that the major burden of the adjusting\nfalls on her. That is because the woman normally must rearrange\nher life, upon marriage, more than the man, despite the fact that\nthey are partners.", "chunk_index": 407, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 179 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_408", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "For example:\nHe stays in the same community whereas she often must leave\nhers, and her friends, to live with him.\nHe keeps his name whereas she drops hers to take his, with a\n=E2=80=9CMrs.=E2=80=9D in front of it.\nHe keeps his job whereas she usually quits hers to learn an entirely\nnew occupation=E2=80=94homemaking.\nHe continues to make his own money whereas she becomes dependent\nupon him even for spending money.\nHe lives the role of husband an hour in the morning and a few\nhours in the evening whereas she spends fifteen hours a day functioning\nas a wife.\nHe continues spending the greatest part of his energy trying to\nplease his boss, whereas she starts devoting her energy to winning\nher husband=E2=80=99s approval=E2=80=94approval for the way she cooks, dres=\nses,\nruns the home, takes care of the children, if they have them.", "chunk_index": 408, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 836, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_409", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Normally\nthe wife spends at least eighty per cent of the husband=E2=80=99s\n[199]\nincome on such things as these and naturally is anxious to convince\nhim she is using his money wisely.\nWhat adjustments must two people make in their attitude toward\neach other in order to live together happily?\nIf you were to accept the word of certain newspaper =E2=80=9Cexperts=E2=\n=80=9D on\nlove and marriage, you might get the impression that all the new\nhusband need do to make his wife happy is not to smoke in bed, to\npick up his own clothes, and to wash off the bathtub ring. Likewise\nit would seem that all the new wife has to do is remove her lipstick\nbefore retiring and avoid talking to him before he has had his\nbreakfast.\nMarriage would be simple if those sorts of things were the essentials\nof marriage adjustment.", "chunk_index": 409, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 811, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_410", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Actually the essentials are much more\nbasic.\nFor two people to live together successfully as husband and wife\nthey must be able to understand each other as only true companions\ncan.\nThey must recognize the needs of each other and be willing to\nco=C3=B6perate to satisfy them. Perhaps the girl is easily upset emotionall=\ny\nand needs her husband=E2=80=99s calm disposition to steady her. Or perhaps\nhe has feelings of inferiority which she can offset by building up\nhis ego.\nAnd they must be able to face the facts when differences arise\n(as over money), and be able to work out amicable solutions together.\nMates who haven=E2=80=99t learned to compromise differences face\na stormy future.\nIf you want your mate to be eager to please you instead of ignoring\nor defying you, learn to condition him by rewarding him with\npraise and caresses. When the husband does something that displeases\na wife she must never reward him.", "chunk_index": 410, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 920, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_411", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Likewise, for example,\nif the wife wants a new dress which is too expensive and the husband\ntries to make it clear to her that he cannot afford it, and she\nhas a temper tantrum, he should not give in and buy the dress. In\nthis case, the husband would reward her temper tantrum.\nLet this happen two or three times and thereafter she will use a\n[200]\ntantrum to get the things she wants from him. She knows he hates\nsuch scenes and will give in. It will be much better psychologically\nif the much-desired dress can be given to her as a reward for something\nnice she has done.\nWhile a husband or wife wants to feel that things are done out\nof love and for love only, the fact remains that love continues only\nif it is nourished.", "chunk_index": 411, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 725, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_412", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "If a husband snarls at his wife, never gives her a\nkind word, never rewards her and is always condemning or punishing\nher, the day will come when she will absolutely despise him.\nThere is such a thing as deathless love, but it exists only when it\nhas a firm foundation of considerateness between the two.\nAnother thing newly-weds should learn is the importance of\ntension reduction. The husband may come home from the office\nand lash out at the wife because supper is a little late. What has\nhappened, probably, is that he had some disagreeable experience at\nhis work but had to keep his temper under check there. He comes\nhome seething and explodes at the first provocation. The young\nwife may retreat to her room crying unless she senses the real reason\nfor his anger.", "chunk_index": 412, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 770, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_413", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Instead she should recognize that he is tied up in\nnervous knots, take his outburst philosophically and try to reduce\nthe tension by caressing him, by talking cheerfully and complimenting\nhim on something nice or laudable he has done.\nBy so doing, she brings pleasantness after unpleasantness and thus\nencourages him to bring his troubles to her rather than to his male\ncronies or to some other woman.\nMarried couples should also understand the importance of climactic\nsexual relations as a means of reducing tension.\nAnother psychological habit that should be helpful to newly-weds\nis the use of indirect methods to get what they want. You will have\na happier, more loyal mate if you can get him to do things you\nwant by making suggestions rather than demands. If the lawn needs\nmowing just mention how ragged the grass is getting.", "chunk_index": 413, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 832, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_414", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Usually he\nwill then mow it on his own initiative.\nOn the practical side, it is very helpful if the two can work out\nsome plan for handling the income during the early weeks of marriage\n[201]\nso that they can see just where the money goes. A simplified\nbut formal budget is helpful here.\nFurther, it is vital that the wife quickly acquire skill in managing\nthe home so that the husband will be initiated pleasantly into the\nrole of being a home-body. A messy home frequently produces irritations\nwhich disrupt cordial relations between the two mates.\nThe new wife should plan her housework so that the tasks fit into\na pattern and are taken care of in order and at specific times. For\nexample, Monday may be =E2=80=9Cwash day=E2=80=9D; Tuesday, Thursday and\nSaturday may be =E2=80=9Cshopping days=E2=80=9D; Wednesday may be =E2=80=9C=\nironing\nday=E2=80=9D; Saturday morning may be baking day.", "chunk_index": 414, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_415", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "This really amounts\nto a budget of her time and her work.\nIf they are to five happily ever after it is important that the wife\nknow her husband=E2=80=99s food likes and dislikes. The importance of food\nto marriage success is frequently misunderstood by newly-weds, and\nhighly underrated.", "chunk_index": 415, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 287, "length_words": 48 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_416", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A large portion of the husbands who take their\ntroubles to the Penn State marriage clinic disclose sooner or later\nthat their wives are poor cooks or serve them late, slapped-together\nmeals.\nWhen a husband comes home tired and harassed from his day=E2=80=99s\nwork, nothing will restore him to a genial mood as much as his\nfavorite dishes of food, expertly prepared and served soon after he\narrives.\nDuring the first few weeks of married life the wife should make\nan effort to learn something about her husband=E2=80=99s food likes and dis=\nlikes.\nSome of this should already have been gathered by observation\nduring courtship and the honeymoon by noting the foods that he\nchose in a restaurant.\nSimply knowing the husband=E2=80=99s favorite dishes is not enough.", "chunk_index": 416, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 762, "length_words": 127 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_417", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "The\nnew husband may not throw the first batch of burned biscuits at his\nwife, but if the next batch is burned too he is apt at least to throw\nsome caustic comments.\nSoon after the honeymoon there will come a time when one or\nboth of the mates may no longer be satisfied just to be with each\nother. They will become more independent of each other unless\n[202]\nduring the first few months of marriage they have explored each\nother=E2=80=99s interests and found things they can do together.\nIf he is to become anything more than the provider and she anything\nmore than the housekeeper, they must establish a sound basis\nfor companionship. How can this be done? The essentials of human\ncompanionship are pretty universal for any two people whether they\nare mates or just close friends.", "chunk_index": 417, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 781, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_418", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Comrades most frequently have these\nthings in common:\nThey enjoy talking to each other.\nMates should not feel they ha=\nve\ncompletely succeeded as partners until each regards the other as the\none person he or she can unburden himself to about anything that\nis on his mind. Each can help develop a strong feeling of =E2=80=9Cconversa=\ntional\ncompanionship=E2=80=9D in their union by being a ready and sympathetic\nlistener to the thoughts that are uppermost in the other=E2=80=99s\nmind. Both should realize that a woman=E2=80=99s interests naturally are\ndifferent from a man=E2=80=99s. After their own immediate preoccupations\nof the day, a woman=E2=80=99s interests tend more toward clothes, decoratio=\nns\nand amusements whereas the man is more interested in money,\nworld affairs and sports.", "chunk_index": 418, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 789, "length_words": 123 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_419", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "A good middle ground is their mutual\ninterests and hobbies and the activities of their mutual acquaintances.\nCompanions enjoy doing things together.\nOne of the first things\nnewly-weds should investigate, if they haven=E2=80=99t already, are the thi=\nngs\nthey can do peaceably and enjoyably together. Perhaps both get a\ngreat deal of pleasure from listening to early jazz recordings, or\nskiing, or merely playing chess or being together every night and\nsaying very little.\nVisiting friends can be fun where the two husbands are congenial\nand the two wives are fond of each other. One of the sad things\nabout marriage is that a bride=E2=80=99s best friend marries a man whom her\nhusband can=E2=80=99t stand; or the man=E2=80=99s old roommate marries a fl=\nighty,\naffected girl the wife can=E2=80=99t stand.", "chunk_index": 419, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 804, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_420", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Such antagonisms should be sens=\ned\nand the bride and groom should in such cases try to get together\nwith their old friends on an individual rather than a family basis.\nCompanions respect each other=E2=80=99s opinions and abilities.\n=\nThe shrewd\nwife keeps up with the world so that her husband will respect her\nas an individual in her own right. Wives that become completely\n[203]\ndependent on their husbands, and cling to them because they have\nno other interest, frequently lose the respect of their husband.\nIt helps if they are seeking a common goal.\nOne of the very bes=\nt\nways there is for a couple to develop a strong basis for companionship\nis to have common aspirations which both believe in and talk\nabout enthusiastically.\nThis means sharing in a long-range project. They map their plans\ntogether and carry them through. They share triumphs and disappointments.\nThey may build or remodel a home for themselves.", "chunk_index": 420, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 922, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_421", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "In\nthe process of planning, waiting and dreaming together they become\ncomrades for life.\nWhile it may be argued that building or buying a home is more\nexpensive in the long run than renting, nothing gives a couple a\ngreater feeling of solidarity than home ownership, especially when\nthey plan together in building, remodeling or furnishing it.\nEven saving money can be a common goal that will develop companionship,\nespecially if the couple are saving the money for something\nthey both want badly such as a car or a long-dreamed-of vacation\ntrip. In general a young couple earning between eighteen hundred\nand three thousand dollars a year can well aim to save at least\nfive per cent and better still ten per cent of the income. If they\nstrive for a percentage much higher than that they may find it entails\ntoo great a denial.\nSimilarly the goal of a couple may be to raise a large happy\nfamily.", "chunk_index": 421, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 896, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_422", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They plan the arrival of their children and, working as a\nteam, guide the growth and development of each child.\n[204]\nAfter Thoughts\nBy now we hope we have helped you clarify in your mind the kind\nof mate you want=E2=80=94and need. We have raised a good many thoughts\nyou should bear in mind in selecting your mate. It is doubtful that\nyou=E2=80=94or anyone=E2=80=94will find a mate who fits letter perfect into=\nall the\nqualifications we have mentioned in the course of the book as desirable\nin mates, but that is not important. What is important is\nthat your mate should fit into the general pattern of the kind of\nperson you need, and should be free from the really serious short-comings\nwe have mentioned.\nPerhaps the most important single thought we can leave with you\nis that the person you marry should be one who will give you a\nsense of well-being\n.", "chunk_index": 422, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 858, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_423", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Marriage to this person should end your vague\nfeelings of restlessness.\nWe know a young married couple who have =E2=80=9Ceverything.=E2=80=9D Th=\ney\nlive in a well-to-do suburb, belong to a country club and are not\n=E2=80=9Ctied down=E2=80=9D by children. They go to many parties and on wee=\nk-end\nexcursions and eat out whenever they feel like it. Yet they go about\ntheir rush of activities with the bored futility of a dog chasing his\nown tail.\nAnd we know another couple who are the kind some people\nwould feel sorry for. They have four whooping youngsters that\nvirtually pin them to the homestead and make outside social life\nimpossible. They must fight a constant battle with living costs to\nget ahead financially. During most of their free moments they must\nwork about their house, upholstering furniture, fixing leaking faucets\nor hanging storm windows.\n[205]\nYet these two mates are immensely happy in marriage. They have\na sense of purpose in life=E2=80=94a sense of well-being.", "chunk_index": 423, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_424", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "They are so glad\nthey are married to each other that they can shrug off the many\nirritations that beset them as unimportant. Both of them would confide\nto you that marriage is a wonderful, enriching experience.\n[206]\nAppendix A\nBooks You May Wish to Read\nI. ADJUSTMENT OF THE VETERAN (In and after war).\n1.\nAnon.\n,\nPsychology f=\nor the Fighting\nMan\n. Washington: Infantry Journal, 1943.\n2.\nBoring, Edwin G.\n(editor)=\n,\nPsychology\nfor the Armed Services\n. Washington: Infantry\nJournal, 1945.\n3.\nChild, Irvin L.\n, and\nVan de Water,\nMarjorie (editors),\nPsychology for the\nReturning Serviceman\n. Washington: Infantry\nJournal, 1945.\n4.\nPratt, George K.\n,\nS=\noldier to\nCivilian\n. New York: Whittlesey House.\nMcGraw-Hill, 1944.\n5.\nRedmond, Catherine\n,\nHandbook for Army\nWives and Mothers\n. Washington: Infantry Journal,\n1944.\n6.\nStevenson, Eleanor\n, and <=\nspan class=3D\"smcap\">Martin,\nPete,\nI Knew Your Soldier\n. Washington:\nInfantry Journal, 1945.\nII.", "chunk_index": 424, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_425", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "BASIC RESEARCH IN MARRIAGE (Technical research\nstudies).\n1.\nBurgess, E. W.\n, and\nCottrell, L. S.\n,\nPredicting Success or\nFailure in Marriage\n. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1939.\n2.\nDavis, Katharine B.\n,\nFactors in the Sex Life of Twenty-two\nHundred Women. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1929.\n3.\nDickinson, R. L.\n, and\nBeam, Lura,\nA Thousand Marriages\n.\nBaltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1931.\n4.\nHamilton, G. V.\n,\nA =\nResearch in Marriage\n. New York: Albert\nand Charles Boni, 1929.\n5.\nTerman, Lewis M.\n,\nP=\nsychological Factors in Marital Happiness\n.\nNew York: McGraw-Hill, 1938.\n[207]\nIII. CONTRACEPTION AND FAMILY SPACING (Birth\ncontrol).\n1.\nCooper, James F.\n,\nT=\nechnique of Contraception\n. New York:\nDay-Nichols, 1928.\n2.\nDickinson, Robert L.\n,\nControl of Conception. 2nd edition.\nBaltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1938.\n3.\nLatz, Leo J.\n,\nThe R=\nhythm of Sterility and Fertility in\nWomen\n. 5th edition. Chicago: Latz Foundation, 1935.\n(Recommended to Catholics.)\n4.\nWelton, T.", "chunk_index": 425, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 975, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_426", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "S.\n,\nMode=\nrn Method of Birth Control\n. New York:\nWalker J. Black, 1935.\nIV. FAMILY AND MARRIAGE PROBLEMS.\n1.\nBaber, R. E.\n,\nMarri=\nage and the Family\n. New York: McGraw-Hill\nBook Co., 1939.\n2.\nDrummond, Laura W.\n,\nYouth and Instruction in Marriage\nand Family Living\n. New York: Teachers College, Columbia\nUniversity, 1942.\n3.\nGoldstein, Sidney E.\n,\nMarriage and Family Counseling. New\nYork: McGraw-Hill, 1945.\n4.\nGroves, Ernest R.\n,\n=\nConserving Marriage and the Family\n.\nNew York: Macmillan, 1944.\n5.\nGroves, Gladys Hoagland\n, =\nMarriage and Family Life\n. New\nYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1942.\n6.\nHill, Reuben\n, and\nBecker, Howard\n(editors),\nMarriage\nand the Family\n. Boston: D. C. Heath, 1942.\n7.\nMowrer, H. R.\n,\nPers=\nonality Adjustment and Domestic Discord\n.\nNew York: American, 1935.\n8.\nNimkoff, M. F.\n,\nThe=\nFamily\n. New York: Houghton Mifflin,\n1934.\n9.\nBurgess, Ernest W.\nand\nLocke, Harvey J.,\nThe Family\n.\nNew York: American Book Company, 1945.\nV.", "chunk_index": 426, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_427", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "GETTING ALONG WITH PEOPLE (Improving personality).\n1.\nLaird, Donald A.\n, and\nLaird, Eleanor C.,\nThe Technique\nof Handling People\n. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1943.\n2.\nLockhart, Earl G.\n,\n=\nImproving Your Personality\n. Chicago:\nWalton Publishing Co., 1939.\n[208]\n3.\nMorgan, John B.\n, and\nWebb, Ewing T.,\nMaking the Most\nof Your Life\n. Garden City, 1932.\n4.\nMyers, Garry C.\n,\nTh=\ne Modern Parent\n. New York: Greenberg,\n1930.\n5.\nNewton, Roy\n,\nHow to=\nImprove Your Personality\n. New\nYork: McGraw-Hill, 1942.\n6.\nWebb, E. T.\n, and\nMorgan, John J. B.\n,\nStrategy in Handling\nPeople\n. Chicago: Boulton Pierce, 1930.\n7.\nWhite, Wendell\n,\nThe=\nPsychology of Dealing with People\n.\nRevised. New York: Macmillan, 1941.\nVI. INTERPRETATION OF MARRIAGE STUDIES (Not too\ntechnical).\n1.\nHamilton, G. V.\n, and\nMacGowan, Kenneth,\nWhat Is\nWrong with Marriage\n. New York: Albert and Charles\nBoni, Inc., 1929.", "chunk_index": 427, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_428", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "(This is a popular treatment of\nHam=\nilton=E2=80=99s\nA Research in Marriage\n.)\n2.\nHart, Hornell\n, and\nHart, Ella B.\n,\nPersonality and the\nFamily\n. New York: D. C. Heath, 1941.\nVII. MALADJUSTMENT AND NEUROTICISM (Mental hygiene).\n1.\nCrow, Lester D.\n, and\nCrow, Alice,\nMental Hygiene in\nSchool and Home Life\n. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1942.\n2.\nFink, David H.\n,\nRel=\nease from Nervous Tension\n. New York:\nSimon and Schuster, 1943.\n3.\nLouttit, C. M.\n,\nCli=\nnical Psychology\n. New York: Harper and\nBrothers, 1936.\n4.\nShaffer, Laurance F.\n,\nThe Psychology of Adjustment. New\nYork: Houghton Mifflin, 1936.\n5.\nSolomon, Harry C.\n, and\nYakovlev, Paul I. (editors),\nManual\nof Military Neuropsychiatry\n. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders,\n1944.\nVIII. PREPARING FOR MARRIAGE (Easy to read and popular).<=\n/p>\n1.\nBowman, Henry A.\n,\nM=\narriage for Moderns\n. New York:\nMcGraw-Hill, 1942.\n2.\nFolsom, Joseph K.\n,\n=\nPlan for Marriage\n.", "chunk_index": 428, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_429", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "New York: Harper\nand Brothers, 1938.\n[209]\n3.\nFoster, Robert G.\n,\n=\nMarriage and Family Relationships\n. New\nYork: Macmillan Company, 1944.\n4.\nGroves, Ernest R.\n,\n=\nMarriage\n. New York: Henry Holt, 1941.\n5.\nHimes, Norman E.\n,\nY=\nour Marriage\n. New York: Farrar and\nRinehart, 1940.\n6.\nJordan, Helen Mougey\n,\nYou and Marriage. New York: John\nWiley and Sons, 1942.\n7.\nJung, Moses\n(editor),\nModern Marriage. New York: F. S.\nCrofts and Co., 1940.\n8.\nNelson, Janet Fowler\n,\nMarriages Are Not Made in Heaven.\nNew York: Woman=E2=80=99s Press, 1939.\n9.\nPopenoe, Paul\n,\nMarr=\niage Before and After\n. New York: Wilfred\nFunk, 1943.\n10.\nPopenoe, Paul\n,\nMod=\nern Marriage\n. New York: The Macmillan\nCo., 1940.\n11.\nDuvall, Evelyn M.\nand\nHill, Reuben,\nWhen You Marry\n.\nBoston: D. C. Heath and Company, 1945.\nIX. SEXUAL ADJUSTMENT (Inception, development, guidance).=\n1.\nButterfield, Oliver\n,\nMarriage and Sexual Harmony. New\nYork: Emerson Books, 1938.\n2.\nDeutsch, Helene\n,\nTh=\ne Psychology of Women\n.", "chunk_index": 429, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_430", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "New York:\nGrune and Stratton, 1944.\n3.\nDickinson, R. L.\n, and\nBeam, Lura,\nThe Single Woman\n.\nBaltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1934.\n4.\nHaire, Norman\n(editor), <=\ncite>Encyclopedia of Sexual Knowledge.\nNew York: Eugenics, 1940.\n5.\nNovak, Emil\n,\nThe Wo=\nman Asks the Doctor\n. Baltimore:\nWilliams and Wilkins, 1937.\n6.\nStone, Abraham\n, and\nStone, Hannah M.\n,\nA Marriage Manual\n.\nRevised edition. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1939.\n7.\nVan de Velde, T. H.\n,\nIdeal Marriage. New York: Random\nHouse, 1930.\n8.\nWalker, Kenneth\n, and\nStrauss, Eric B.,\nSexual Disorders\nin the Male\n. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1941.\n9.\nWright, Helena\n,\nSex=\nFactor in Marriage\n. Revised edition.\nNew York: Vanguard Press, 1937.\n[210]\nX. SEXUAL ANATOMY (Illustrated hand atlas).\n1.\nDickinson, R. L.\n,\nH=\numan Sex Anatomy\n. Baltimore: Williams\nand Wilkins, 1933.\nXI. SEXUAL RESEARCH (Technical studies).\n1.\nLandis, Carney\n, and\nBoller, M. Marjorie\n,\nPersonality and\nSexuality of the Physically Handicapped Woman\n.", "chunk_index": 430, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 991, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_431", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "New\nYork: Paul B. Hoeber, Inc., 1942.\n2.\nLandis, Carney\net als., <=\ncite>Sex in Development. New York: Paul\nB. Hoeber, Inc., 1940.\n3.\nTerman, L. M.\n, and\nMiles, C.\n,\nSex and Personality\n. New\nYork: McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1937.\nXII. SYMPOSIUM ON WAR MARRIAGE AND ITS PROBLEMS\n(Institute addresses on =E2=80=9CPreparing for Marriage,=E2=80=9D =E2=80=9C=\nCounseling\nMarried Couples,=E2=80=9D and =E2=80=9CPreserving the Family=E2=80=9D).\n1.\nAdams, Clifford R.\n, and <=\nspan class=3D\"smcap\">Kerr, James A. (editors),\nProceedings\nof the Annual Institute on Marriage and Home Adjustment\n.\nState College: The Pennsylvania State College,\n1944.\n[211]\nAppendix B\nMarriage Counseling Agencies\nThe American Association of Marriage Counselors (Chairman, Lester\nW. Dearborn, 316 Huntington Avenue, Boston, and Secretary, Robert W.\nLaidlaw, M.D., 563 Park Avenue, New York) is a professional organization\nof qualified ethical marriage counselors.", "chunk_index": 431, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 930, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_432", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "By writing either the\nchairman or the secretary, the name and address of a capable counselor\nin your vicinity may be obtained.\nOther marriage counselors (or agencies) in colleges or universities are\nlisted below, some of whom are affiliated with the American Association\nof Marriage Counselors.\nAlabama: University of Alabama, Dr. Pauline Park Wilson=\nCalifornia: University of California (Berkeley), Dr. No=\nel Keys\nIndiana: Anderson College, Dr. Carl Kardatzke\nIowa: Iowa State College, Dr. Reuben Hill\nMassachusetts: Mt. Holyoke, Dr. Manfred H. Kuhn\nMichigan: Merrill-Palmer School (Detroit), Dr. Robert G=\n. Foster\nMissouri: Stephens College, Dr. Henry A. Bowman\nNorth Carolina: University of North Carolina, Dr. Ernes=\nt R. Groves and Mrs. Gladys H. Groves\nOregon: University of Oregon, Dr. Lawrence S. Bee\nPennsylvania: Pennsylvania State College, Dr. Clifford =\nR.", "chunk_index": 432, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 871, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_433", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Adams\nTwo nationally known reputable marriage counseling services are:\nCalifornia (Los Angeles), American Institute of Marriag=\ne Relations, Dr. Paul Popenoe, Director\nPennsylvania (Philadelphia), Marriage Counsel of Philad=\nelphia, Mrs. Emily H. Mudd, Director\n[212-213]\nIndex\nAdams-Lepley Personnel Audit,\n100-105\nAdjustment, to married life,\nAdolescence,\nAge and marriage,\nEmotional,\n40-41\nEvidence of emotional immaturity,\n41-42\nMental,\nPhysiological,\nSexual,\nVocational,\nAlcohol and marriage,\n159=\na>\nAlibi artists,\nArousal stage,\nAssortative mating,\n=\nli>\nBachelors, percentage of,\n1=\nBeauty,\n,\n94-95\nBowman, Dr.", "chunk_index": 433, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 618, "length_words": 81 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_434", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "Henry,\nChildren, as values,\n=\nCoitus,\nComplaints of husbands and wives,\nContraceptives,\nDating,\nDisorderly mates,\n=\nli>\nDivorce,\nRate of,\n26-27\nEmotional maturity,\n41-43=\na>\nEmotions, test,\n72-73\nEngagement,\nPurpose,\nRevealing your past during,\nRole of sex during,\nErogenous zones,\nEscapists,\nFetishism,\nFirst night of marriage,\n19=\n6-197\nFlirts,\nFrigidity,\n,\n,\nGuilford-Martin Personnel Inventory,\nHasty marriages,\n=\nli>\nHome making and marriage,\n1=\n65-166\nHomosexuality,\nHoneymoon,\n196-198\nHusbands, happy and unhappy,\nHymen,\nInfatuation, characteristics of,\nInferiority complex,\n<=\n/li>\nIn-law complications,\n152-1=\nJealous mates,\nJealousy, test,\n154-155\n=\nJobs and marriage happiness,\n167-168\nPrestige of,\nLang, Richard O.,\n<=\n/li>\nLaw-abiding husbands,\n158=\na>\nLife=E2=80=99s problems,\n22<=\n/a>\nLove,\nAbility for,\n51-52\nAt first sight,\nConditions necessary for,\n5=\nDefined,\n47-50\nSex and,\n[214]\nTest of love,\n53-54\nMarriage,\nBasic needs filled by,\n95-9=\nBest age for,\n,\n,\nChances of,\nCommon goals in,\n=\nli>\nCompanionship and,\n=\nli>\nCrucial traits for happiness in,\nCustoms,\nDifferences and,\n140-145=\na>\nEffects of war on,\n25-26\nExpectancy of happiness in, test,\nMixed,\nMixed personalities,\n140-1=\nMixtures to beware in,\n141=\n-145\nQualifications,\n156-164\nPrediction of happiness scale,\nProspects for,\nPsychological barriers,\n16-=\nReasons against,\n15-18\n<=\n/li>\nReasons for,\n19-20\nStabilizing influence of,\n2=\nSuggestions for marital happiness,\n133-136\nMate-matching,\n124-126\n<=\n/li>\nTest for couples,\n<=\n/li>\nMates,\nAcceptable,\n27-28\nBackground of,\nCity Census table,\n=\nli>\nCritical,\nDesirable,\n104-105\nEducation of,\nFinancial status of,\n=\nGeography favorable for,\n31=\nJob of,\nMaking over,\n147-148\n=\nli>\nRange of eligibility,\n28-31=\nShortage of,\nState age Census table,\n32-=\nMating, problems of selection,\n41-44\nProblems of selection,\n91-9=\nTraits wanted,\n87-89\nMeeting people of the opposite sex,\n83-85\nMenstruation,\nMismating, cause of,\n<=\n/li>\nNecking,\nNervous mates,\nNeurosis, test of,\n163-164<=\n/a>\nObstacles to sexual happiness,\nOrgasm, percentage experiencing,\n,\n192-193\nPedophilia,\nPenn State Counseling Service,\n147-201\nPersonality test,\n,\nPetting,\n,\n67-69\nExploitive,\nSetting limits,\nPhysical handicaps,\n=\nli>\nPhysical health,\n,\nNeed for physical examination,\n162-163\nPopularity with opposite sex,\n75-80\nSuggestions for girls,\n81=\na>\nPowers, John,\nPregnancy,\nPremarital sexual relations,\nArguments for and against,\n=\n65-67\nPercentage of,\nReasons for increase,\nPrevious divorce,\n=\nli>\nPromiscuity,\n67-68\nPsychoneurosis,\n158-160\n=\n,\n180-181\nPyle, Ernie,\nRelatives, clinging,\n152=\na>\nResponsibility in marriage,\nSadism,\nSelf-confidence, importance of,\nServices, Counseling,\n156=\na>\nSex,\nAbnormal outlets,\n70-71\n=\nDesire and its origin,\n55-5=\nDevelopment,\n56-57\nImportance of,\n189-190\n=\nMaladjustment,\n56-57\n[215]\nPeak of sexual vigor,\nRelease from tensions,\n69-7=\nRepressions unlearned,\n60-6=\nTensions,\nThree phases of sexual experience,\n191-192\nSexual adjustment,\n<=\n/li>\nTension reduction,\n=\nTerman, Dr.", "chunk_index": 434, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 3016, "length_words": 429 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_435", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "L.", "chunk_index": 435, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 2, "length_words": 1 } }, { "id": "how_to_pick_a_mate_chunk_436", "book": "how_to_pick_a_mate", "content": "M.,\n, <=\na href=3D\"https://www.gutenberg.org/files/67472/67472-h/67472-h.htm?utm_sou=\nrce=3Dchatgpt.com#Page_98\">98-100,\n=\nVeterans,\nDesire for marriage,\n=\nPrecautions to consider,\n1=\nSubconscious conflicts,\n17=\nTraits gained by war experience,\nWar injuries,\n178-179\n<=\n/li>\nVocational trouble makers,\n=\n168-173\nVoyeurism,\nWedding,\nWives, happy and unhappy,\n98=\nTRANSCRIBER=E2=80=99S NOTE\nObvious typographical errors and punctuation errors have been corrected =\nafter careful comparison with other occurrences within the text and consult=\nation of external sources.\nExcept for those changes noted below, all misspellings in the text, and =\ninconsistent or archaic usage, have been retained.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98Extensive psychotherepy =\nmay=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98Extensive psychotherapy may=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98complete physical infirm=\nary=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98complete physical intimacy=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98them such exprestion=E2=\n=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98them such expression=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98for real archievement=E2=\n=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98for real achievement=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98or saxaphone playing=E2=\n=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98or saxophone playing=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98in marriage haappiness=\n=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98in marriage happiness=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98critical and gossippy=\n=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98critical and gossipy=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98shed all responsibilit=\nes=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98shed all responsibilities=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98of mental funtion=E2=\n=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98of mental function=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98perseverence and patie=\nnce=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98perseverance and patience=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98glamorous because glam=\nor=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98glamorous because glamour=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98expertely prepared and=\n=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98expertly prepared and=E2=80=99.\nPg\n: =E2=80=98each other=E2=80=99s o=\npinons=E2=80=99 replaced by =E2=80=98each other=E2=80=99s opinions=E2=80=99=\n.\n*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 67472 ***\n<=\n/div>\n=C3=97\n------MultipartBoundary--lmXeSoLlaXcBOfisHPlQ8IRKukwsEny31F8sRmsGXp----\nContent-Type: image/jpeg\nContent-Transfer-Encoding: base64\nContent-Location: 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9wOkNvbG9yTW9kZT4zPC9waG90b3Nob3A6Q29s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\nJiN4OTsnVGV4dHVyZSc6IE5v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iwFdYsuWP5VNgLEeDwOAKpADsAc0mAqmmAjk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\nAkYdsgcCncCUoVXIFK4DS4HA5NUBE2TkEYqkxFKZSGAH51SENJI+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cid:css-7edd5a62-5de6-4e9b-89f3-7de9e5faf9df@mhtml.blink\n@charset \"utf-8\";\n.glasp_signin_btn:hover { filter: brightness(98%); }\n------MultipartBoundary--lmXeSoLlaXcBOfisHPlQ8IRKukwsEny31F8sRmsGXp------.", "chunk_index": 436, "total_chunks": 437, "metadata": { "source": "how_to_pick_a_mate.txt", "book_title": "How To Pick A Mate", "length_chars": 181771, "length_words": 3248 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_0", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "# Personality Psychology — Comprehensive Summary (Wikipedia-based)\nPrepared for rapid reading and reference. Based primarily on the English Wikipedia page\n“Personality psychology”.\n---\n## Table of Contents\n1. Overview and Scope\n2. Core Definitions and Ideas\n3. Philosophical Assumptions in Personality Theory\n4. Major Theoretical Traditions\n - 4.1 Type and Trait Theories\n - 4.2 Psychoanalytic Theories\n - 4.3 Behaviourist Theories\n - 4.4 Social–Cognitive Theories\n - 4.5 Humanistic Theories\n - 4.6 Biopsychological Theories\n - 4.6.1 Genetic Basis of Personality\n - 4.7 Evolutionary Theory\n - 4.8 Drive Theories\n5. Personality Tests and Assessment\n - 5.1 Projective Tests\n - 5.2 Objective (Self■Report) Tests\n - 5.3 Theory Assessment Criteria & Inner■Experience Methods\n6. Empirical Methods and Statistics in Personality Research\n7. Development, Stability and Change\n8. Culture, Context and Individual Differences\n9. Applications of Personality Psychology\n10.", "chunk_index": 0, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_1", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "Ongoing Debates and Critiques\n11.", "chunk_index": 1, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 33, "length_words": 5 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_2", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "Glossary of Key Terms (Quick Reference)\n---\n## 1) Overview and Scope\n- Personality psychology studies personality and individual differences—how and why people\nthink, feel and behave differently.\n- The field aims to: define personality; describe how personality develops; explain the mental\nprocesses that shape it; and offer frameworks for understanding individuals in context.\n- Work ranges from fundamental theory (e.g., trait models, psychodynamics) to applied\nassessment (e.g., tests used in clinical, educational and organisational settings).\n## 2) Core Definitions and Ideas\n- Personality can be described as a dynamic, organised set of characteristics influencing how a\nperson relates to their environment, cognition, emotion, motivation and behaviour across\nsituations.\n- The term personality derives from the Latin persona (“mask”), signalling the historical\ninterest in outward patterns as expressions of inner organisation.\n- Modern approaches recognise both enduring patterns (traits, dispositions) and situational\ninfluences (contexts, roles, demands).", "chunk_index": 2, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 1066, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_3", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "The two interact.\n## 3) Philosophical Assumptions in Personality Theory\nFive recurring questions:.", "chunk_index": 3, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 98, "length_words": 13 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_4", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "1. Freedom vs. determinism: Are behaviours freely chosen or causally determined by unconscious,\nenvironmental or biological forces?\n2. Heredity vs. environment (nature vs. nurture): To what extent do genetics/biology vs.\nexperience/context shape personality? Contemporary research supports joint influence.\n3. Uniqueness vs. universality: Do theories prioritise what is unique about individuals or\ngeneral laws applying to most people?\n4. Active vs. reactive humans: Are people proactive agents or primarily shaped by stimuli? Most\ncontemporary perspectives accept both, with traits guiding aggregate behaviour and situations\nsteering short■term actions.\n5. Optimism vs. pessimism: Can people change their personalities? Theories emphasising learning\nare typically more optimistic about change than those centred on fixed drives or structures.\n## 4) Major Theoretical Traditions\n### 4.1 Type and Trait Theories\n- Type approaches sort people into categories (e.g., introvert vs.", "chunk_index": 4, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_5", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "extravert), whereas trait\napproaches treat characteristics as continuous dimensions.\n- The most widely accepted empirical model is the Big Five (Five■Factor Model): Openness,\nConscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism.", "chunk_index": 5, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 235, "length_words": 27 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_6", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "These broad traits are stable on\naverage, show heritability, and predict life outcomes.\n- Historical contributors include Gordon Allport, Raymond Cattell (16 factors), and Hans\nEysenck (notably E–N–P: Extraversion, Neuroticism, Psychoticism).\n### 4.2 Psychoanalytic Theories\n- Rooted in Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamics: behaviour expresses the interplay of id\n(instinctual drives), ego (reality■oriented mediator) and superego (internalised norms).\nEmphasis on unconscious conflict, defence mechanisms, and early development.\n- Neo■analytic offshoots (e.g., Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Karen Horney, Erik Erikson) broadened\nthe focus to meaning, identity, social relations and lifespan development.\n### 4.3 Behaviourist Theories\n- Behaviourism explains personality through learning and conditioning.", "chunk_index": 6, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 795, "length_words": 100 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_7", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "Classic foundations\ninclude Pavlov (classical conditioning) and Skinner (operant conditioning).\n- Personality patterns are seen as habits shaped by reinforcement histories and stimulus\ncontrol.\n### 4.4 Social–Cognitive Theories\n- Emphasise cognitions (expectancies, goals, self■beliefs) and learning in social contexts.\n- Albert Bandura: observational learning and modelling (e.g., Bobo doll study). Adds\nself■efficacy and reciprocal determinism (person ↔ behaviour ↔ environment).\n- Walter Mischel: cognitive■affective units; behaviour depends on the interaction of personal\nvariables (encoding, affect, goals, self■regulation) with situations.\n- Seymour Epstein’s CEST: dual■process view—experiential (fast, emotion■driven) vs.", "chunk_index": 7, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 729, "length_words": 88 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_8", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "rational\n(slower, analytic) systems.\n- George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory: people act like naïve scientists, using personal\n“constructs” to anticipate events; repertory■grid method for eliciting constructs.\n### 4.5 Humanistic Theories\n- Stress free will, subjective experience, growth and self■actualisation.\n- Carl Rogers: person■centred approach; empathy, unconditional positive regard, focus on the\nclient’s phenomenology.\n- Abraham Maslow: studied self■actualising individuals; highlighted peak experiences,\nproblem■centred orientation, acceptance/spontaneity and democratic values..", "chunk_index": 8, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 593, "length_words": 68 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_9", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "### 4.6 Biopsychological Theories\n- Investigate biological and neural underpinnings of personality (e.g., cases like Phineas\nGage; links between brain systems and traits).\n- Modern tools: EEG, PET, fMRI; emerging field of personality neuroscience.\n#### 4.6.1 Genetic Basis of Personality\n- Behavioural genetics shows moderate heritability for major traits (twin■study evidence).\nGenetic influences interact with environments via gene–environment interplay.\n- Early “one gene—one trait” views have given way to complex polygenic and regulatory dynamics.\n### 4.7 Evolutionary Theory\n- Applies natural selection to individual differences: traits may persist if they aid\nsurvival/reproduction or social coordination.\n- Emphasises the adaptive value of dispositions such as conscientiousness, sociability and\nemotional stability in group living.\n### 4.8 Drive Theories\n- Dollard & Miller integrated drive theory and learning: personality as a pattern of habits\nbuilt on primary (biological) and secondary (learned) drives.\n- Secondary drives (e.g., anxiety, conformity) reflect learned elaborations of primary drives\nand vary with culture and social experience.\n## 5) Personality Tests and Assessment\n### 5.1 Projective Tests\n- Assume key aspects of personality are unconscious and can be revealed by responses to\nambiguous stimuli.\n- Examples: Rorschach Inkblot Test, Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).", "chunk_index": 9, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 1397, "length_words": 194 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_10", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "Scoring systems attempt\nto code content, originality, location, etc. Empirical support is mixed; validity evidence\nvaries by scale and use■case.\n### 5.2 Objective (Self■Report) Tests\n- Treat personality as consciously accessible; measured via questionnaires. In general, these\nshow higher reliability/validity than projectives.\n- Popular instruments vary in quality.", "chunk_index": 10, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 366, "length_words": 48 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_11", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "Some (e.g., certain type indicators) face critiques\n(e.g., Forer/Barnum effect, weak test–retest stability) despite wide usage.\n### 5.3 Theory Assessment Criteria & Inner■Experience Methods\n- Theory evaluation commonly considers construct clarity, empirical support, predictive power,\nparsimony, breadth, and applied utility.\n- “Inner experience” methods (e.g., experience sampling, diaries) complement questionnaires by\ncapturing real■time thoughts and feelings.\n## 6) Empirical Methods and Statistics in Personality Research\n- Personality science relies heavily on multivariate statistics: factor analysis and related\ntechniques extract latent trait structures from item covariances.\n- Typical research approaches include cross■sectional surveys, longitudinal designs (stability\nand change), twin/family studies (heritability), and neuroscientific studies (brain–behaviour\nlinks).\n## 7) Development, Stability and Change\n- Traits show relative stability from adolescence through adulthood (rank■order), alongside.", "chunk_index": 11, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 1015, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_12", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "mean■level changes (e.g., gradual increases in conscientiousness with age).\n- Social roles, goals and life events contribute to personality development across the\nlifespan.\n## 8) Culture, Context and Individual Differences\n- Personality expression depends on situational affordances and cultural norms (e.g., display\nrules, self■construals).\n- Cross■cultural work examines whether trait structures are universal or culture■specific, and\nhow measurement translates across languages.\n## 9) Applications of Personality Psychology\n- Clinical: case formulation, treatment planning, risk assessment.\n- Educational: learning styles, classroom climate, student support.\n- Industrial/Organisational: selection, leadership, team composition, safety.\n- Health: links between traits (e.g., conscientiousness) and health behaviours/outcomes.\n- Forensic/Vocational: decision■making, profiling limits, vocational guidance (e.g.,\nRIASEC/Holland Codes in career counselling).\n## 10) Ongoing Debates and Critiques\n- Person–situation debate: the relative weight of traits vs.", "chunk_index": 12, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 1056, "length_words": 128 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_13", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "contexts in predicting behaviour.\n- Measurement controversies: response styles, faking, over■interpretation of broad labels;\npsychometrics vs. popularity of type models.\n- Ethics and fairness: transparency, privacy, adverse impact, and appropriate use of tests.\n- Neuroscience and genetics: caution against simplistic mappings; shift toward complex\nnetworks, polygenic scores and gene–environment interplay.\n## 11) Glossary of Key Terms (Quick Reference)\n- Trait: A relatively enduring pattern in thinking, feeling, or behaving.\n- Type: A qualitative category that groups people by a rule (e.g., introvert vs.", "chunk_index": 13, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 609, "length_words": 83 } }, { "id": "personality_psychology_chunk_14", "book": "personality_psychology", "content": "extravert).\n- Psychodynamics: Interaction of mental forces (often unconscious) shaping behaviour.\n- Reinforcement: A consequence that increases the likelihood of a behaviour.\n- Observational learning: Learning by watching others’ actions and outcomes.\n- Self■efficacy: Belief in one’s capacity to organise and execute actions.\n- Self■actualisation: Realising one’s potential; growth■oriented development.\n- Behavioural genetics: Study of genetic/heritability contributions to traits.\n- Factor analysis: Statistical method for modelling latent variables from item covariances.\n- Forer/Barnum effect: Tendency to accept vague, general statements as personally accurate.\n---\nNote: This summary distils the main structure and claims of the English Wikipedia article\n“Personality psychology” and associated linked subtopics. It is intended for educational\nreference and further expansion with primary sources..", "chunk_index": 14, "total_chunks": 15, "metadata": { "source": "personality_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Personality Psychology", "length_chars": 905, "length_words": 116 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_0", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Begin Reading\nTable of Contents\nAbout the Author\nCopyright Page\n \nThank you for buying this\nSt. Martin's Press ebook.\n \nTo receive special offers, bonus content,\nand info on new releases and other great reads,\nsign up for our newsletters.\n \nOr visit us online at\nus.macmillan.com/newslettersignup\n \nFor email updates on the author, click here.\n \nThe author and publisher have provided this e-book to you for your\npersonal use only. You may not make this e-book publicly available\nin any way. Copyright infringement is against the law. If you\nbelieve the copy of this e-book you are reading infringes on the\nauthor’s copyright, please notify the publisher at:\nus.macmillanusa.com/piracy.\nForeword\nMany years ago, Bill Bonnstetter and his son David developed a\nrevolutionary software system based on the DISC method—a way of\ndescribing human communication and classifying behavior and the\nmethod that is used throughout this book.", "chunk_index": 0, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_1", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Sadly, Bill has since\npassed away, but David continues to run their company—TTI\nSuccess Insights—to this day. From its humble origins in rural Iowa,\nthis method of behavior profiling has now been used by businesses\nand corporations all around the world.\nIt all began with one question. A simple, specific question: Could an\nagricultural salesperson sell more seed simply by looking at a farm?\nAs a child growing up in rural Iowa, I watched my father apply the\nfoundational principles of William Moulton Marston’s Emotions of\nNormal People. At the time, my father was focused on Buyer Profile\nBlending, giving agricultural salespeople the knowledge of Marston’s\ntools to better understand themselves and their farmer customers. I\ncan still recall the earliest days, sitting at a knotty-pine table over\nmeals of hot pork tenderloins and roast corn, when my father was\nworking through his observations. “Pristine driveways and neat\ngroves? Definitely a Blue.", "chunk_index": 1, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 955, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_2", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "New and experimental livestock and\nbuildings? You’re looking at a Red.”\nAlthough we were close, our paths were incredibly different. My\nfather, a true entrepreneur and Red/Yellow in every sense of the\nphrase, was driven to build consulting firms and agencies that\nhelped salespeople refine their craft. I sought the collegiate path,\nattending university at the University of Iowa, leaning into my\nRed/Blue nature while studying accounting and computer science. I\nspent my free time in the computer lab, pouring my soul into\nprograms through my fingertips. While I was studying, my father\nperfected his wizardlike ability to understand people.\nMy father and I always remained close and spoke to each other\nmost weeks, even though we were at different milestones in our\nlives. While I was studying at the University of Iowa, my father sat\nme down and asked me about contributing to his venture.", "chunk_index": 2, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_3", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He asked,\n“What if we could couple your ability to develop software with my\nability to analyze human behavior?” I was ambitious, hungry for fun\ncoding work, and proceeded to embark on the most exciting journey\nof my life. Together, we built a software system that would produce\nreports about human behavior. This was a multiplying factor; soon\nwe were able to reach more people and reveal a person’s potential\nthrough 3.5-inch floppy disks and twenty-four-page reports. My\nfather and I built a company, TTI Success Insights, in 1984 in Iowa to\ndo just that.\nOver time, we escaped the frigid winters in the Midwest of the\nUnited States, relocated ourselves, our families, and our business to\nsunny and warm Scottsdale, Arizona. In the late nineties, we began\nusing the web for distribution of our famed assessments.", "chunk_index": 3, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 814, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_4", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Today, we\nhave a thriving business with distributors all over the world.\nUp until now, you might have wondered why you are so different.\nHuman behavior is, for the most part, complex and nebulous. In\nsome cases, the people around us are idiotic. Understanding human\nbehavior is a never-ending task, an endless pursuit to know the how,\nwhat, and why behind a person’s choices. It is both easy and\ndangerous to categorize someone who behaves differently from you\nas ignorant, wrong, or even thickheaded. Today’s world requires a\nmore sophisticated understanding where you value a person for his\nor her strengths and weaknesses.\nMy father has since passed on. But the purpose we invoked, to\nreveal human potential, continues to live on. This book is written\nabout the concepts my father applied in sales trainings and applies\nthem to an even more complex situation—understanding the idiots\nwho surround us all.\nAs you read, I think you will understand the worth of a Red, a\nYellow, a Green, and a Blue.", "chunk_index": 4, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_5", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I hope you will pull away some practical\nadvice in communicating effectively with each type. But the most\nimportant lesson that you can walk away with is that the idiots who\nsurround you are, in fact, not idiots at all. Instead, they are\nindividuals worthy of respect, understanding, and being valued.\nAnyone can use the frameworks outlined in this book to get\nahead in the game of life. And look at it this way: If you don’t\nunderstand and use the principles, you’ll continue to be surrounded\nby idiots. And nobody wants that.\n—David Bonnstetter\nChief Executive Officer\nTTI Success Insights\nIntroduction\nThe Man Who Was Surrounded by Idiots\nI was in high school when I first noticed that I got along better with\ncertain people rather than others. It was easy to talk to some of my\nfriends; in any conversation, we always found the right words and\neverything just flowed smoothly. There were never any conflicts, and\nwe liked one another. With other people, however, everything just\nwent wrong.", "chunk_index": 5, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_6", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What I said fell on deaf ears, and I couldn’t understand\nwhy.\nWhy was speaking to some people so easy, while others were\ntotal blockheads? Since I was young, this certainly wasn’t something\nthat kept me awake at night. However, I still remember puzzling over\nwhy some conversations flowed naturally, while others didn’t even\nstart—no matter how I conducted myself. It was just\nincomprehensible. I began using different methods to test people. I\ntried to say the same things in similar contexts just to see what\nreaction I got. Sometimes it actually worked and an interesting\ndiscussion developed.", "chunk_index": 6, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 596, "length_words": 98 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_7", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "On other occasions, nothing happened at all.\nPeople just stared at me as if I were from another planet, and\nsometimes it really felt that way.\nWhen we’re young, we tend to think of things very simply.\nBecause some people in my circle of friends reacted in a normal way\nthat meant, of course, that they were automatically the good guys.\nAnd so I just assumed there was something wrong with the people\nwho didn’t understand me. What other explanation could there\npossibly be? I was the same all the time! Certain people just had\nsomething wrong with them. So I simply began to avoid these weird,\ndifficult people because I didn’t understand them. Call it the naïveté\nof youth if you will, but it did give rise to some amusing\nconsequences.", "chunk_index": 7, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 737, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_8", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In later years, however, all of this changed.\nLife went on with work, family, and career, and I continued to\npigeonhole people into two groups—good and sensible people and\nall the rest, the people who didn’t seem to understand anything at all.\nWhen I was twenty-five years old, I met with a man who was self-\nemployed. Now in his sixties, Sture had founded his own business\nand built it up for many years. I was given the task of interviewing\nhim just before a new project was to be implemented. We started\ntalking about how things were functioning in his organization. One of\nthe very first comments Sture made was that he was surrounded by\nidiots. I remember laughing at the time because I thought it was a\njoke. But he truly meant what he said. His face turned crimson as he\nexplained to me that the people working in Department A were\ncomplete idiots, every single one of them. In Department B you\nfound only fools who understood nothing at all.", "chunk_index": 8, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 949, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_9", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And he hadn’t even\ncome to Department C yet! They were the worst of all! They were so\nweird that Sture couldn’t fathom how they even made it to work in\nthe mornings.\nThe more I listened to him, the more I realized that there was\nsomething very odd about this story. I asked him if he really believed\nthat he was surrounded by idiots. He glared at me and explained that\nvery few of his employees were worth having.\nSture had no issue letting his employees know how he felt. He\ndidn’t hesitate in the least to call anyone an idiot in front of the whole\ncompany. This meant that his employees learned to avoid him. No\none dared to have one-to-one meetings with him; he never got to\nhear bad news because he would often shoot the messenger. At one\nof the offices, a warning light had even been mounted at the\nentrance to the building. Discreetly placed above the reception desk,\nthe light went red when he was there and turned green when he was\naway.\nEveryone knew about this.", "chunk_index": 9, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 972, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_10", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Not only staff but even clients would\nautomatically cast a nervous glance at the light to find out what\nawaited them when they stepped over the threshold. If the light was\nred, some people would simply turn back at the door, deciding to\ncome back at a more opportune time.\nAs we all know, when you’re young you are full of great ideas. So\nI asked the only question I could think of: “Who hired all these\nidiots?” I knew, of course, that he had hired most of them. What was\nworse was that Sture understood exactly what I had implied. What I\nimplicitly asked was: Who is actually the idiot here?\nSture threw me out. Later on, I was told that what he really\nwanted to do was fetch a shotgun and shoot me.\nThis incident got me thinking. Here was a man who would soon\nretire. He was obviously a proficient entrepreneur, highly respected\nfor his sound knowledge of his particular line of business. But he\ncouldn’t handle people.", "chunk_index": 10, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 922, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_11", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He didn’t understand the most critical,\ncomplicated resource in an organization—the employees. And\nanyone he couldn’t understand was simply an idiot.\nSince I was from outside the company, I could easily see how\nwrong his thinking was. Sture didn’t grasp that he always compared\npeople to himself. His definition of idiocy was simply anyone who\ndidn’t think or act like him. He used expressions that I also used to\nuse about certain types of people: “arrogant windbags,” “red-tape\njackasses,” “rude bastards,” and “tedious blockheads.” Although I\nnever called people idiots, at least not so they could hear me, I had\nobvious problems with certain types of people.\nIt was an utterly appalling thought to have to go through life\nconstantly thinking that I was surrounded by people who were\nimpossible to work with. It would make my own potential in life so\nunbelievably limited.\nI tried to see myself in the mirror. The decision was easy to make.\nI didn’t want to be like Sture.", "chunk_index": 11, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 975, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_12", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "After a particularly toxic meeting with\nhim and some of his unfortunate colleagues, I sat in the car with a\nlump in my stomach. The meeting had been a total disaster.\nEveryone was furious. There and then I decided to learn what is\nprobably the most important knowledge of all—how people function.\nI would be encountering people for the rest of my life, no matter what\nmy profession was, and it was easy to see that I would benefit by\nbeing able to understand them.\nI immediately began to study how to understand the people who\ninitially seem so difficult. Why are some people silent, why do others\nnever stop talking, why do some people always tell the truth while\nothers never do? Why do some of my colleagues always arrive on\ntime, while others rarely manage to? And even why did I like some\npeople more than others? The insights I gained were fascinating,\nand I’ve never been the same since I began this journey.", "chunk_index": 12, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_13", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The\nknowledge I acquired has changed me as a person, as a friend, as a\ncolleague, as a son, as a husband, and as the father of my children.\nThis book is about what is perhaps the world’s most widely used\nmethod to describe the differences in human communication. This\nmethod is called the DISA—an acronym that stands for Dominance,\nInducement, Submission, and Analytic ability—system. These four\nterms are the primary behavior types, which describe how people\nsees themselves in relationship to their environment. Each of these\nbehavior types is associated with a color—Red, Yellow, Green, and\nBlue. This system is also commonly called the DISC system, where\nthe final letter of the acronym stands for Compliance instead of\nAnalytic ability.", "chunk_index": 13, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 741, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_14", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I have used variations of this tool for over twenty\nyears with excellent results.\nBut how do you become really, truly proficient at handling\ndifferent types of people? There are, of course, various methods.\nThe most common method is to research the matter and learn the\nbasics. But learning the theoretical part doesn’t make you a world-\nclass communicator. It’s only when you begin using this knowledge\nthat you can develop real and functioning competence in the field.\nJust like learning to ride a bike—you have get on the bike first. Only\nthen do you realize what you need to do.\nSince I began studying how people function and painstakingly\nstrove to understand the differences in the way we communicate,\nI’ve never been the same. I’m not as categorical anymore, judging\npeople just because they are not like me. For many years now, my\npatience with people who are the complete opposite of me has been\nfar greater.", "chunk_index": 14, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 917, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_15", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I wouldn’t go so far as to say that I never get involved in\nconflicts, just as I wouldn’t try to convince you that I never lie, but\nboth these things happen very seldom now.\nI have one thing to thank Sture for—he awakened my interest in\nthe subject. Without him, this book would probably never have been\nwritten.\nWhat can you do to increase your knowledge about how people\nrelate and communicate? A good start may be to keep reading this\nbook—the whole book, not just the first three chapters. With a little\nluck, in a few minutes you can begin the same journey I began\ntwenty years ago. I promise you will not regret it.\nOne thing to note: To simplify reading this book, I have chosen to\nuse “him” and “he” consistently when I refer to examples not\nassociated with any specific person. I know that you have enough\nimagination to insert a “her” or “she” in your thoughts where this may\nbe appropriate\nCommunication Happens on the\nListener’s Terms\nDoes that sound strange? Let me explain.", "chunk_index": 15, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_16", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Everything you say to a\nperson is filtered through his frames of reference, biases, and\npreconceived ideas. What remains is ultimately the message that he\nunderstands. For many different reasons, he can interpret what you\nwant to convey in a totally different way than you intended. What is\nactually understood will, naturally, vary depending on who you are\nspeaking to, but it is very rare that the entire message gets through\nexactly as you conceived it in your mind.\nIt may feel depressing knowing that you have so little control over\nwhat your listener understands. No matter how much sense you\nwould like to knock into the other person’s head, there’s not that\nmuch you can do about it. This is one of the many challenges of\ncommunication. You simply can’t change how the listener functions.\nHowever, most people are aware of and sensitive to how they want\nto be treated.", "chunk_index": 16, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 876, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_17", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "By adjusting yourself to how other people want to be\ntreated, you become more effective in your communication.\nWhy Is This So Important?\nYou help other people understand you by creating a secure arena for\ncommunication—on their terms. Then the listener can use his energy\nto understand rather than to consciously or unconsciously react to\nyour manner of communicating.\nAll of us need to develop our flexibility and so be able to vary our\nstyle of communication, adapting it when we speak to people who\nare different from us. Here we find another truth: No matter what\nmethod you choose to communicate with, as an individual, you will\nalways be in the minority. No matter what kind of behavior you have,\nthe majority of people around you will function differently from you.\nYou can’t just base your method of communication on your own\npreferences.", "chunk_index": 17, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 846, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_18", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Flexibility and the ability to interpret other people’s\nneeds is what characterizes a good communicator.\nKnowing and understanding another person’s style of behavior\nand method of communication will result in more educated guesses\nabout how a person may possibly react in various situations. This\nunderstanding will also dramatically increase your ability to get\nthrough to the person in question.\nNo System Is Perfect\nLet me be clear about one important point: This book doesn’t claim\nto be totally comprehensive with respect to how we, as people,\ncommunicate with each other. No book can do that, because the\nnumber of signals we constantly transmit to those around us\nwouldn’t fit into any book. Even if we could include body language,\nthe differences between male and female dialogue, cultural\ndifferences, and all the other ways to define variations in\ncommunication, we wouldn’t be able to write everything down.", "chunk_index": 18, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_19", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "We\ncould add psychological aspects, graphology, age, and astrology and\nstill not get a 100 percent complete picture.\nAccording to the American Journal of Business Education\n(July/August 2013), more than 50 million assessments have been\nmade using the DISA tool. And yet even with all this information\ncommunication remains a fascinating and puzzling topic. People are\nnot Excel spreadsheets. We can’t calculate everything. We’re way\ntoo intricate to be described in full. Even the youngest child is far\nmore intricate than anything that could be conveyed in a book.\nHowever, we can avoid the most blatant blunders by understanding\nthe basics of human communication.\nIt’s Been Going On for a While\n“We see what we do, but we do not see why we do what we do.\nThus, we assess and appraise each other through what we see that\nwe do.”\nThese words come from the psychoanalyst Carl Jung. Different\nbehavior patterns are what creates dynamism in our lives.", "chunk_index": 19, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 948, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_20", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When I\nrefer to behavior patterns, I don’t just mean how a person acts in a\nsingle instance (his actions) but rather the whole set of attitudes,\nbeliefs, and approaches that govern how a person acts. We can\nrecognize ourselves in certain behavior patterns, but other forms of\nbehavior we neither recognize nor understand. Besides, each of us\nacts differently in different situations, which can be a source of either\njoy or irritation for those around us.\nThough individual actions can, of course, be right or wrong, there\nis really no pattern of behavior that is right or wrong. There is no\nsuch thing as proper behavior or incorrect behavior. You are who you\nare, and there’s no point in wondering why. You’re fine no matter\nhow you’re wired. No matter how you choose to behave, no matter\nhow you are perceived, you are fine. Within reasonable limits, of\ncourse.\nIn a perfect world, it would be easy just to say, “I’m a particular\nkind of person and it’s okay because I read it in a book.", "chunk_index": 20, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_21", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "That’s just\nhow I am and this is how I act.” Sure, wouldn’t it be great not to have\nto mishandle your own behavior? To always be able to act and\nbehave precisely as you feel at the time? You can do that. You can\nbehave exactly as you wish. All you have to do is find the right\nsituation in which to do so.\nThere are two situations in which you can just be you:\nThe first situation is when you’re alone in a room. Then it doesn’t\nmatter how you speak or what you do. It doesn’t hurt anyone if you\nscream and swear or if you just want to sit silently and ponder the\ngreat mysteries of life or wonder why fashion models always look so\nmad. In your solitude, you can behave exactly the way you feel.\nSimple, isn’t it?\nThe second situation where you can completely be yourself is\nwhen all the other people in the room are exactly like you. What did\nour mothers teach us? Treat others as you want to be treated.\nExcellent advice and very well intentioned.", "chunk_index": 21, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 949, "length_words": 186 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_22", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And it works, too—as\nlong as everyone is just like you. All you need to do is make a list of\nall the people you know who believe, think, and act exactly like you\nin all situations. Now just give them a call and start hanging out.\nIn any other situation, it might be a good idea to understand how\nyou are perceived and to learn how other people function. I don’t\nthink I will make headlines by saying that most people you meet\naren’t like you.\nWords can have incredible power, but the words we choose and\nhow we use them vary. As you have seen from the title of this book,\nthere are different interpretations of—yes, you got it—words. And\nwhen you use the wrong word, well, maybe then you’re an idiot.\nSurrounded by Idiots—or Not?\nWhat does this actually mean? As I was writing, the following\nanalogy hit me: Behavior patterns are like a toolbox. All types are\nneeded. Depending on the occasion, a tool can sometimes be right\nand sometimes be wrong.", "chunk_index": 22, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 948, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_23", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A thirty-pound sledgehammer is great for\ntearing down walls, but it’s hardly the thing if you want to hang a\npicture in the foyer.\nSome people are opposed to the idea of sorting people into\ndifferent behavior types. Maybe you believe that you shouldn’t\ncategorize people in that way, that it’s wrong to pigeonhole people.\nHowever, everyone does it, perhaps in another way than I do in this\nbook, but we all register our differences nonetheless. The fact\nremains that we are different, and in my opinion, pointing that out\ncan be something positive if you do it in the right way. Improperly\nused, every tool can be harmful. It’s more about the person using it\nthan the tool itself. This book is your introduction to human behavior\nand dialogue. The rest is up to you.\nParts of what you are going to read I have gathered from TTI\nSuccess Insights.", "chunk_index": 23, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 845, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_24", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I would like to take this opportunity to thank Sune\nGellberg and Edouard Levit for so generously sharing both their\nexperience and their training materials.\nNo Matter How Strange It Might Seem, in Theory,\nEvery Kind of Behavior Is Normal\nNormal Behavior …\n… is relatively predictable.\nEvery person reacts in a habitual manner in similar situations. But\nit’s impossible to predict every possible reaction before it\nhappens.\n… is part of a pattern.\nWe often react in consistent patterns. Therefore, we should\nrespect one another’s patterns. And understand our own.\n… is changeable.\nWe should learn to listen, act, speak openly, and reflect in order\nto do what is relevant right now. Everyone can adapt.\n… can be observed.\nWe should be able to observe and consider most forms of\nbehavior without being amateur psychologists. Everyone can take\nnote of the people around them.\n… is understandable.\nWe should be able to understand why people feel and do what\nthey do—right now.", "chunk_index": 24, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_25", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Everyone can think about why.\n… is unique.\nDespite the conditions that we have in common, each person’s\nbehavior is unique to him. Succeed in your own conditions.\n… is excusable.\nDismiss personal jealousy and complaints. Learn to have\ntolerance and patience, both with yourself and with others.\nWhy Are We the Way We Are?\nWhere does our behavior come from? Why are people so different?\nSearch me! Very briefly, it’s a combination of heredity and\nenvironment. Even before we’re born, the foundations for the\nbehavior patterns we will exhibit in adulthood have been laid. The\ntemperament and character traits we have inherited affect our\nbehavior, a process already begun at the genetic stage. Exactly how\nthis works is still a bone of contention among scientists, but all are in\nagreement that it does come into play. Not only do we inherit traits\nfrom our own parents but also from their parents—also in varying\ndegrees from other relatives.", "chunk_index": 25, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 941, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_26", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "At some point or other, we have all\nheard that we speak like or look like an uncle or an aunt. As a child, I\nresembled my uncle Bertil—something to do with my red hair. To\nexplain how this is genetically possible would take a tremendous\namount of time. For the moment, let us just establish that this\ninheritance lays the foundation for our behavioral development.\nWhat happens once we are born? In most cases, children are\nborn impulsive, adventurous, without any barriers whatsoever. A\nchild does exactly what he wants. The child says, “No, I don’t want\nto!” or, “Sure I can!” He is immersed in the thought that he can\nmanage just about anything at all. This kind of spontaneous and\nsometimes uncontrolled behavior is, of course, not always what his\nparents wished for.", "chunk_index": 26, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 771, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_27", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Then, hey presto, what was once an original\npattern of behavior begins to transform, in the best/worst-case\nscenario, into a copy of someone else.\nHow Are Children Influenced?\nChildren learn and develop in multiple ways, but the most common is\nby imitation. A child mimics what he sees around him, the parent of\nthe same sex often becoming the model for imitation. (This is clearly\nnot an exhaustive study on how the process works, as this book is\nnot about how we influence our children.)\nCore Values\nMy core values are found deep within me, values so deeply\nembedded in my character that it’s almost impossible to change\nthem. These are the things I learned from my parents as a child or\nthat I learned in school when I was very young. In my case it was\ndifferent variations of “study and do well in school” or “fighting is\nwrong.” The latter, for example, means that I’ve never laid hands on\nanother person. I haven’t fought since third grade, and I seem to\nrecall that I lost then.", "chunk_index": 27, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_28", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "(She was really strong.)\nAnother important core value is that all people are of equal worth.\nBecause my parents demonstrated this to me during my childhood, I\nknow it is deeply wrong to judge a person based on his or her origin,\nsex, or color. All of us carry many such core values. We know\ninstinctively what is right and what is not. No one can take these core\nvalues away from me.\nAttitudes and Approaches\nThe next layer is my attitudes, which are not exactly the same thing\nas core values. Attitudes are things I have formed opinions about\nbased on my own experiences or on conclusions I have drawn from\nencounters in the latter part of my schooling, high school, college, or\nmy first job. Even experiences later on in life can form attitudes.\nA relative once told me that she didn’t trust salespeople. She’s\ndefinitely not alone in having strong feelings about salespeople, but\nin her case it resulted in comical practices. She couldn’t buy anything\nwithout returning it.", "chunk_index": 28, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_29", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A sweater, a sofa, a car—the buying process\nwas endless. Every fact had to be examined and explored. No\nmatter how much research she did beforehand, she always wanted\nto return her purchases afterwards.\nOnce I had observed the pattern, I asked her why she did this,\nand she explained the reasoning behind her attitude: Eighty-five\npercent of all salespeople were swindlers. Explaining that I too was a\nsalesperson had little effect. To this day, I don’t know if I belong to\nthe 85 percent or if I can count myself among the fortunate 15\npercent. The important thing is that an attitude can change. My\nrelative had probably been badly fooled a number of times and\ntherefore learned to distrust salespeople. However, if she had a\nnumber of positive experiences her opinion could change.\nThe Results\nBoth my core values and my attitudes affect how I choose my\nbehavior. Together they form my core behavior, the real person I\nwant to be.", "chunk_index": 29, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_30", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "My core behavior is how I act in complete freedom,\nwithout the influence of any external factors at all.\nYou probably already see the issue here: When are we ever\ncompletely free from external influences? When I discuss this\nquestion with groups of people in different contexts, we all usually\nagree: only when we’re sleeping.\nBut people are different. Some don’t care. They are always\nthemselves because they’ve never reflected upon how they are\nperceived. The stronger your self-understanding is, the greater your\nprobability of adapting to the people around you.\nHow Do Others Really Perceive Me?\nThe people around you most often see your moderated behavior.\nYou interpret a specific situation and make a choice about how to act\nbased on that evaluation—this is the behavior that others around you\nexperience. It’s all about the mask you wear to fit into a given\nsituation. We all have several different masks. Having one at work\nand one at home isn’t that unusual.", "chunk_index": 30, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 968, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_31", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And another one for visiting the\nin-laws, perhaps. This book is not an advanced course in psychology\n—but I am content to establish that we interpret situations differently\nand act accordingly.\nConsciously or subconsciously, surrounding factors cause me to\nchoose a particular course of action.\nAnd this is how we act. Look at this formula:\nBEHAVIOR = f (P × Sf)\nBehavior is a function of Personality and Surrounding factors.\nBehavior is that which we can observe.\nPersonality is what we try to figure out.\nSurrounding factors are things that we have an influence on.\nConclusion: We continually affect one another in some form or\nother. The trick is to try to figure out what’s there, under the surface.\nAnd this book is all about behavior.\nAn Introduction to the System\nAt the end of this book you will find a description of the background\nto how the DISA system emerged, but since you probably want to\ndive into its most interesting elements—how everything works in\npractice—you can just read on.", "chunk_index": 31, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_32", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Otherwise, you can always go\ndirectly to page 228..", "chunk_index": 32, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 51, "length_words": 9 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_33", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "As you can see, there are four main categories of behavior types,\neach of which is associated with a color. This book is about how you\ncan recognize them. Quite soon, as you start reading about the\ndifferent colors, various faces will come to mind. Sometimes, maybe,\neven your own.\nAbout 80 percent of all people have a combination of two colors\nthat dominate their behavior. Approximately 5 percent have only one\ncolor that dominates behavior. The others are dominated by three\ncolors. Throughout the book I focus on the single colors individually\nbecause they are the fundamental components of a person’s\nbehavior. It’s like a recipe—we need to understand all the ingredients\nbefore we bake the cake. Entirely Green behavior, or Green in\ncombination with one other color, is the most common.", "chunk_index": 33, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 793, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_34", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The least\ncommon is entirely Red behavior, or Red behavior in combination\nwith one other color.\nMany people you meet possess qualities that you sometimes\nwish you had—you may even feel jealous of these people. They\neasily master things that you struggle with. Maybe you’d like to be\nmore decisive like Reds, or maybe you wish it were easier for you to\ninteract with strangers, like Yellows. Possibly, you wish that you\ndidn’t stress so much, that you could just take it easy like Greens do,\nand perhaps you wish that you could keep your schedule in better\norder, something that’s natural for Blues.\nNaturally, it works the other way as well. You are going to read\nthings that will help you realize that you too boss others around a bit\ntoo much, just like Reds tend to do. Or that you talk way too much,\nsomething that Yellows do. It might be that you take things way too\neasy, not getting involved in anything, the Greens’ weakness.", "chunk_index": 34, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_35", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Or\nyou’re always suspicious of everything, seeing risks everywhere, just\nlike Blues. Here you can learn to see your own pitfalls and how you\ncan take appropriate measures to get around them.\nNo matter what you learn about yourself and others, take notes,\nunderline things, and engage with the material.\nRed Behavior\nHow to Recognize a Real Alpha and Avoid Getting in His Way\nWhat should we do? We’ll do it my way. Now!\nThis is the behavior type that Hippocrates in his theory of human\ntemperament called choleric. Nowadays you might call a Red person\nbold, ambitious, driven, but also potentially hot-tempered, rash, or\ndominant. You quickly notice a Red person because he doesn’t\nmake the slightest effort to conceal who he is.\nA Red person is a dynamic and driven individual. He has goals in\nlife that others may find difficult to even imagine. Since his goals are\nso highly ambitious, achieving them seems to be impossible.", "chunk_index": 35, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_36", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Reds\nstrive forward, always pushing themselves harder, and they almost\nnever give up. Their belief in their own ability is unsurpassed. They\ncarry inside them the firm belief that they can achieve anything—if\nthey just work hard enough.\nPeople who have lots of Red in their behavior are task-oriented\nextroverts and they enjoy challenges. They make quick decisions\nand are often comfortable taking the lead and taking risks. A\ncommon perception is that Reds are natural leaders. These are\npeople who willingly take command and go to the fore. They are so\ndriven that they will get through despite any obstacle in their path.\nTheir disposition is ideal in competitive situations. It’s not unusual for\na CEO or a president to have lots of Red in his behavior.\nThis form of competition is present in everything Reds do.", "chunk_index": 36, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 816, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_37", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "To say\nthat they constantly want to challenge and compete is probably not\nentirely true, but if a chance of winning something arises—why not?\nThe exact nature of the competition is unimportant; it’s the\ncompetitive element that keeps Reds running on all cylinders.\nPelle, one of my former neighbors, liked competing so much that\nhe developed entirely new interests just to compete. I like working in\nthe garden, and so I spend quite some time doing so. Pelle didn’t like\ngardening, but when he had heard people commenting on my\nbeautiful garden often enough he finally had enough. He started one\nproject after another, always with a single but very clear objective: to\noutdo me. He confounded his wife by digging new flower beds,\nplanting a rainbow of unbelievably fabulous plants, and cultivating\nthe lawn to golf-course standard. The only thing I needed to do to\nkeep him going was to merely suggest that I would purchase more\nplants.", "chunk_index": 37, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_38", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Then he would go to the local garden center quicker than you\ncould say “bad loser.”\nYou can also recognize Reds by other behavior patterns. Who\ntalks the loudest? Reds. Who goes all out when explaining\nsomething? Reds. Who’s always the first to answer a question?\nReds again. Who, during an otherwise pleasant dinner, makes\ncategorical comments on just about any topic? And who will judge an\nentire country based on something he saw on television? Reds!\nSomething is always happening in the lives of Red people. They\ncan’t sit still. Idle time is wasted time. Life is short; better get going\nimmediately. Do you recognize the type? Always on the go. So step\naside; let’s get cracking!\n“Tell Me What You Really Think—Yes, for Real.”\nReds have no problem being blunt. When asked a specific question,\nthey often say exactly what they think, without any frills. They see no\nneed to wrap things up in a bunch of empty phrases. When a\nthought pops into their heads, everyone knows it immediately.", "chunk_index": 38, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_39", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They\nhave opinions on most things, and they trot their thoughts out quickly\nand efficiently.\nA common remark is that Reds are very honest, because they\ndare to express their personal truths to people. They don’t really\nunderstand what the fuss is all about. They’ve only said things as\nthey are.\nIf you need someone with extra energy, you may want to invite a\nRed into the team or project group. They fight tirelessly along when\nothers have already given up—if they are determined to succeed,\nthat is. A task that has become humdrum or meaningless could be\ntotally ignored by a Red.\nI call this phenomenon slog or split. If the task is important\nenough, a Red will go through fire and water to complete it. If he\nfeels it has no purpose, into the trash it goes.\nCan I Win Something? In That Case, I’m In.\nSo Reds like competing.", "chunk_index": 39, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 828, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_40", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They appreciate the slight antagonism that\nis part of being competitive and the glorious moment of winning.\nThey even enjoy winning competitions that probably don’t even exist,\nexcept perhaps in their own mind. It can be passing a slow walker on\nthe street, finding the absolutely best parking spot, or dominating the\nfamily game of Monopoly—despite the fact that the purpose of the\ngame is to entertain the kids and none of the other adults are\nactually competing. For a Red, this is all natural because he sees\nhimself as a winner.\nLet me give you an example. I once worked for a company where\nthe CEO was Red. He was energetic and efficient—and\nconsequently incredibly dynamic. No meetings were as short and\nsweet as those run by this CEO. But his weak spot was the\ncompetitive element. As a young man he had played soccer, and\nevery spring at this particular workplace they held a soccer\ntournament. It was very popular, even before he joined the company.\nNaturally, he had to take part.", "chunk_index": 40, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 991, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_41", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "No other CEO before him had ever\ndone so, but that wasn’t the problem. The problem was that as soon\nas he got out on the field he became a different person. On fire with\nhis competitive drive, he flattened anyone who stood in his way.\nThis continued for a few years until someone had the guts to tell\nhim that he played just a little bit too rough—the game wasn’t\nsupposed to be that serious. The CEO didn’t understand. He\ngrabbed the latest flyer for the game and pointed out that it was\ncalled a soccer “tournament.” Tournaments are competitions, and if\nyou compete you are in it to win. Simple!\nHe competed in traffic, on the soccer field, in business. No area\nwas too insignificant not to become a competition. He even raced to\nsee how quickly he could finish reading a book. What others do for\nrelaxation he transformed into a competition.", "chunk_index": 41, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 844, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_42", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "One hundred pages an\nhour was a reasonable pace.\nHis wife had even banned him from playing a memory card game\nwith his children, who were five and six years old. Since they had\nbetter memories than he did, they won most of the time, and in his\nfrustration he intimidated them.\nBefore you conclude that this guy sounds rather unsympathetic,\nwe need to look at his intentions. This kind of intensive and\ncompetitive behavior often upsets other people because they think it\nis all about dominating and suppressing others. Nothing could be\nfurther from the truth. His intentions were almost never malicious. He\njust wanted to win.\nThis is one of the greatest challenges for Reds. It’s not\nuncommon that other people feel irritated or intimidated by them\nbecause they’re such powerful personalities. Later on in this book, I\nwill share some simple ways that you can deal with these individuals.\nTime Is Money\n“Quick” is synonymous with “good” for Reds.", "chunk_index": 42, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_43", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you are in a\nmeeting and suddenly notice that one of the other participants is\ndevoting his time to something completely different, it may well be a\nRed who has lost interest. If you look closer, you will realize that his\nthoughts are elsewhere—on the next step in the process being\ndiscussed, for example. Because Reds are quick thinkers, they\nmove on long before everyone else.\nFew things annoy Reds more than sluggishness. If a meeting or a\ndiscussion drags on, he may interrupt and ask if it’s really necessary\nto prolong the issue. “We’ve already discussed this for twenty\nminutes. Get it together! It’s only a few million in investments. How\nhard can it be?”\nIf you think about it, they’re often right. When other people may\nfind it difficult to make a decision, Reds are prepared to make quick\ndecisions in order to keep things moving. With a Red on the team,\nnothing will be discussed ad infinitum.", "chunk_index": 43, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_44", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "After all, it’s always better to\ndo something rather than nothing, right?\nThe advantage is obvious. We’re talking about people who never\nwaste time on anything that doesn’t move forward. As soon as a task\nbecomes unclear or is taking too long, a Red will ensure that the\nmomentum is maintained and spur things along. Chop-chop, done in\ndouble time.\nAbout fifteen years ago I began working for a small consulting\ncompany with about a dozen employees. It was a polished\norganization with a great spirit of entrepreneurship and excellent\nmomentum in business dealings. One of the reasons why they were\nso efficient was because the founder of the company was a Red.\nNothing could move too quickly for Björn. No meeting took longer\nthan was absolutely necessary.\nIn my second or third week in the new job, I was sitting in a traffic\njam when my cell phone rang. I looked at the display and saw that it\nwas Björn.", "chunk_index": 44, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 907, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_45", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I answered the way I’d been instructed to when I started\nat the company—with a greeting, my name, and the company name.\nImpatiently he interrupted me and spit out his question.\n“Were you looking for me?”\n“No,” I replied, and took a deep breath, ready to say something\nelse. I didn’t get the chance.\n“Okay,” he said, and hung up.\nEight seconds.\nUnpleasant? Well, at the time we didn’t really know each other.\nHowever, I must admit that the whole episode had me worried a little\n—at least on that occasion. Only three weeks at the company and\nthe big chief himself calls, and sounding irritated!\nWhen we’d gotten to know each other—and I learned that Björn\nwas Red—I asked him why he was so abrupt on the phone. Of\ncourse he didn’t even remember the call, but he said he was\nprobably just trying to find out if I was looking for him. When he\nlearned I wasn’t, there was no further need to talk.", "chunk_index": 45, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_46", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Wasting time on\npolite flowery phrases or drawn-out farewells wasn’t for him.\nBut at the same time, here was a person with a capacity to work\nfar more than normal. Björn managed to do more in an average\nworking day than most people. He still has an exceptional ability to\nmake the most of any free time. If he has a gap of five minutes in his\nschedule he manages to squeeze in an email, a phone call, and go\nthrough some meeting minutes. From the outside, this may seem\nlike an unnecessary pursuit of efficiency. But a Red detests inactivity.\nThings must happen. Add to this a sense of constant urgency, and a\ngreat deal will get done.\nThe Sky’s the Limit. Or Is It?\nFor a Red, a realistic budget is a budget for cowards. If we don’t\npush ourselves to the breaking point, we haven’t tried hard enough.\nReds love difficult tasks, so their level of ambition is usually\nboundless.", "chunk_index": 46, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 877, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_47", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The ability to manage difficult situations and challenges\nis the defining attribute of Red behavior.\nWhen a person with Red traits sets his goals, several things\nhappen. First, he wants to know how well a specific task under the\nmost favorable conditions could be performed. If all nineteen\nparameters were met and we all gave it a little extra effort the results\nwould be phenomenal. This means that anything below that\nimpossible level of excellence is boring, because there’s at least a\nremote possibility of that result being achieved.\nNothing is impossible. The impossible just takes a little longer.\nMore than likely it was a Red who came up with that expression.\nNaturally, it’s also about the type of project. It’s not enough just to\nset an impossible sales budget. If a Red doesn’t like sales, he’ll\nignore the budget. Since he prefers to make all the decisions\nhimself, he probably won’t be fooled into doing something he doesn’t\nfeel like doing.", "chunk_index": 47, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 956, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_48", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Reds set higher demands on themselves than any of\nthe other colors would. And they are always prepared to work hard. I\nwouldn’t go so far as to say that no other color works as hard as\nReds do, but I would venture to say that a Red would give anyone a\nrun for his money.\nAmbition, which is intrinsic to Reds, shouldn’t be confused with a\nlust for power. Reds have no problem taking positions of power,\nsince they are fearless. Expressions like “It’s lonely and windy at the\ntop” don’t scare them. But for a Red power is not an end in itself. It\ndoes, however, come in handy for those who like to make their own\ndecisions and avoid having to wait for others.\nA Red can, in fact, be quite unassuming. It’s true that he has a\nstrong ego, but status and prestige don’t have the same importance\nas with other colors. The reason is simple: A Red usually doesn’t\ncare what others think.", "chunk_index": 48, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 879, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_49", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’s not here for their sake—he’s here for his\nown.\nLet Me Tell You How Things Really Are\nA Red gives everything he’s got. When he has an opinion about\nsomething or if he wants the rest of us to agree with him, he pulls out\nall the stops.\nOnce, I was in a meeting with a large number of people who\ndidn’t know one another that well. It was a gathering of consultants\nwho were meeting to discuss a potential collaboration. It was in the\nmiddle of a recession, and we were all concerned about the lack of\ndirection. While we were waiting for the chairperson to arrive, we\nchatted a little about everything.\nAt one end of the table sat Elisabeth, who had strong opinions\nabout everything. In an unequivocal voice, she suddenly stated that\nthe company was still expected to earn over $50 million a week,\ndespite the recession. About fifteen consultants, all highly trained,\nreflective, and intelligent people, nodded in agreement.", "chunk_index": 49, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_50", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Just imagine\n—$50 million! Per week!\nWhile Elisabeth expanded on how the situation ought to be\nresolved in the consulting world, I began thinking about the figures a\nlittle bit. Not knowing where these figures came from, I remained\nsilent. It could be true; it could also be farfetched. I honestly didn’t\nknow. While waiting for the meeting to begin officially, I started\ncalculating how much $50 million per week would be per year. I\ndidn’t have enough paper.\nAfter the meeting, I got the answer to my speculations. I was in a\ntaxi on my way to my next meeting when the driver turned on the\nradio. In the news, it was announced that the company in question\nwas expected to earn between $2 and 2.5 million per week. I\nrealized that Elisabeth had gotten the information from the news. I\nalso understood that $2 or $2.5 million per week was far more\nrealistic than the $50 million that she had referred to.\nBut wait a minute. A little reconciliation with reality is needed\nhere.", "chunk_index": 50, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_51", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Why didn’t anyone react? No one in the room lifted a finger or\ncalled her information into question. Why?\nBecause she sounded so convincing! Her facial expression was\ndefinite; her countenance was determined, and her voice did not\nquiver in the least when she presented her figures.\nThat’s the way Reds function. When they believe something, they\nlet people know that this is the only truth that exists. Now maybe\nthere are some sticklers for detail who might claim that this is\ndeceptive, since we now know that the company earned $2.5 million\na week and not roughly $50 million. But I’m convinced that Elisabeth\nreally believed what she said. She had things turned around, no\ndoubt about that, and she was certainly not interested in details.", "chunk_index": 51, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 744, "length_words": 127 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_52", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But\nmy point is that by sounding utterly confident when she declared that\nthe company was earning six months’ revenue—per week—we all\nfell for it.\nOr, in the words of a good friend of mine: There are two ways to\ndo this—my way and the wrong way.\nOnly Dead Fish Go with the Flow\nReds are both groundbreaking and strong willed. Why not also add\n“results oriented” and “decisive” when we’re at it? For Reds, it’s not\nsufficient to do things like everyone else does. And just because it’s\ntough doesn’t mean we should avoid doing it.\nReds aren’t afraid to make decisions. When everyone else\nhesitates, thinking and weighing the risks, a Red makes the\ncontroversial decision. A Red’s determination is usually unyielding.\nOnce he’s decided, then it’s full steam ahead.\nTheir fearlessness dares them to tackle things that make others\nhesitate. This is usually evident when things get rough, and they are\nundaunted by tough choices or tricky decisions. It is no coincidence\nthat many entrepreneurs are Reds.", "chunk_index": 52, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_53", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Setting up new businesses—\nespecially if they are based on completely new business concepts—\nis, in our current economy, not for the faint of heart. It’s not a bad\nthing to have a force of nature in the driver’s seat. It takes a strong\nmind to move things forward, someone who understands that risks\nthat are part of everyday life and that everything boils down to hard\nwork from morning to night—for many years. Reds understand this\nfrom the beginning and are in no way intimidated by it.\nDo you need someone to pursue a problem in your apartment\ncomplex? Maybe you’ve gotten on the wrong side of your landlord,\nwho says that there is absolutely nothing wrong with your heat. Or\nmaybe the contractor who repaired the roof and installed the new\nelevators was negligent and won’t take responsibility for it.", "chunk_index": 53, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 806, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_54", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Any time\nyou try to get things straightened out, you’ve been brought to\nstandstill by a barricade of unanswered calls and info@ addresses.\nYou’re just about to give up when you suddenly remember the guy\non the second floor living above you. Isn’t he kind of Red? Wasn’t he\nthe one who dared to go against the super at the last meeting and\nget the trash policy changed? Yes, that’s the guy!\nThrow the guy from the second floor into the process, and then\nyou’ll see things begin to happen. You might have to motivate him a\nlittle, explaining that he has a lot to gain from it himself. But he will\nmake things happen—he’ll subdue the landlord and get the\ncontractor in line. And he won’t lose any sleep just because\nsomeone got angry with him in the process.\nGenerally speaking, a Red’s strengths are very powerful. They\nare extremely clear in their communication, and you don’t have to\nlook far to identify Red behavior.", "chunk_index": 54, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_55", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Of course, over the years many\nReds learn to restrain themselves somewhat, but it doesn’t usually\nlast very long. They’ll be back to full throttle—and all that that entails.\nIt Wasn’t Better Before. Onward and Upward.\nA Red doesn’t try to stick to his original point of view when he\nrealizes that a better solution exists. He is a quick thinker and has no\nproblem shifting his ground at short notice. One of the advantages of\nthis is that he doesn’t reject other people’s ideas if he has none\nhimself. It’s worth looking into anything that can propel development\nforward.\nSometimes decisions can come a little bit too quickly, but the will\nto constantly change creates a strong dynamism and flexibility. If\nanything has been static for a long time—maybe a few weeks—he\nwill turn things up a notch. Some people may find this stressful, but\nwhen you ask a Red why he changed something that was actually\nworking the answer could well be “Because I could.”\nNaturally, there are also downsides.", "chunk_index": 55, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_56", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Reds get bored with the\nstatus quo quickly and so they change it—the people around them\nhave no idea what will happen next. When Greens and Blues have\njust gotten used to the new organization and think they have finally\ngrasped how things are supposed to work, well, a Red will have\nalready outlined the next step.\nConclusions on Red Behavior\nSo what do you think? Do you know any Reds? Do you have any\naround you? If you want to get to know some famous Red people,\nconsider Steve Jobs, FDR, Venus Williams, or Margaret Thatcher.\nThere’s also Barack Obama and Mother Teresa.\nOh yes, it’s true. If you consider Mother Teresa’s deeds, the\nstrength she needed and whom she had to deal with—the world’s\nforemost leaders—to achieve what she did, then you’ll realize that\nshe was extremely determined and forceful.", "chunk_index": 56, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 808, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_57", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A typical Red profile.\nYellow Behavior\nHow to Recognize Someone Whose Head Is in the Clouds and Get\nHim Back to Reality Again\n“That Sounds Fun! Let Me Do It!”\nIn the Hippocratic world, we have now come to the sanguine\nperson. What other words can be used to describe him? Optimistic\nand cheerful, a person with a bright outlook on life. The thesaurus\neven suggests the epithet a man of possibilities … how about that? It\nis, in fact, an excellent description of Yellow behavior. These are\npeople who live to live, always finding opportunities for enjoyment.\nLife is a banquet, and Yellows will see to it that they savor every bite.\nThey are driven by merriment and laughter. And why not? The sun is\nalways shining somewhere.\nDo you know anyone who sees sunshine where others see dark\nclouds? Have you met anyone who can laugh even though he hasn’t\nhad any good news for months? Then you’ve met a Yellow.", "chunk_index": 57, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 903, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_58", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Have\nyou been at a party and wondered why everyone flocks around a\nparticular person, man or woman? Well, in the center of the circle\nthere’s a Yellow, entertaining anyone who wants to laugh. Yellows\nmake sure that the atmosphere is at its zenith so that every event\nbecomes a marvelous party. When something is no longer fun, they\nmove on to another place where the atmosphere is better.\nRecognizing a Yellow is easy. He’s the one who’s talking all the\ntime. He’s the one who gives answers rather than asking questions\n—often answering questions that no one has even asked. He\nanswers a question by telling a story that may or may not have\nanything to do with the issue. But it really doesn’t matter, because he\nwill put you in a cheerful mood. Besides, his unshakably positive\nattitude also makes it impossible for you to feel upset for long.\nI would even go so far as to argue that Yellows are more popular\nthan other colors. How can I say that? Look for yourself.", "chunk_index": 58, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_59", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They\nentertain, put people in a good mood, and fun things always happen\naround them. They know how to capture everyone’s attention and\nhow to keep it. They make us feel important. They are just nice to be\naround.\nThey are also very typically touchy-feely people. Like Reds,\nYellows are very willing to make quick decisions, but they can rarely\nexplain why using rational reasoning. A more likely response would\nbe, “It just felt right.” And sure, gut feelings shouldn’t be\nunderestimated. Studies have shown that gut feelings are right more\noften than we think. But that’s not the kind of gut feeling we’re talking\nabout here. Yellows often make decisions that are based on feeling\nsimply because no thought was ever involved.\nI have a sister who is Yellow. Marita is so easygoing in her\nmanner that I have never heard anyone utter a single negative word\nabout her. Never. I may be biased, but I have never met anyone who\ndoesn’t immediately like her.", "chunk_index": 59, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 951, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_60", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "She has an entirely unique ability to\nconnect with every person she meets.\nMarita always has something entertaining to say. However, some\nof these things are so peculiar that I sometimes have to ask her what\nshe was thinking when she said them. With a burst of laughter, she\nusually replies, “Thinking? I wasn’t!”\nIn many ways, it’s liberating when I visit her and her husband,\nLeif. Their almost incomprehensible ability to see bright spots in\neverything around them is so delightful that it frees my own\neasygoing disposition. I am never as happy and exhilarated as when\nI visit them. For years, I wondered why this was, and have reached\nthe conclusion that Yellow behavior is simply contagious.\nIf I say to my sister, “It looks like it is going to rain,” she simply\nreplies, “I can’t imagine that.” Pointing to the window, I say to her,\n“But look, it’s actually raining.", "chunk_index": 60, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 873, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_61", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It is quite dark out there; we could\nhave thunder before this is over.” “Sure,” she says, “but after that the\nsun will come out! Just wait and see.” Then she laughs. Again. While\nthe rain pours outside, she sits on the sofa, unabashedly having fun.\nAnd I, along with everyone else, laugh along because it’s impossible\nto resist.\n“The More the Merrier! Your Friends Are My Friends.\n…”\nPeople with lots of Yellow in their behavior are focused on creating\nrelationships. They are outgoing and can be extremely persuasive.\nThey’re enthusiastic, excited, and happy to talk about their feelings\nfor others and, not infrequently, for complete strangers.\nYellows can talk to anyone. They are not at all shy, perceiving\nmost people they meet as pleasant. They even see strangers in a\npositive light—they’re just friends you haven’t met yet.\nMany people notice that Yellows are always smiling and laughing.\nThat’s undoubtedly one of a Yellow’s strengths. Their optimism is\ninvincible.", "chunk_index": 61, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_62", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Comments about how everything is going to hell are often\nmet by remarks about “What a beautiful view we have!”\nJust like Reds, Yellows have lots of energy. They find most things\ninteresting, and Yellow individuals are the most curious people you’ll\never meet. Everything new is enjoyable, and a great deal of Yellow\nenergy is spent finding new ways of doing things\nWho gets the most holiday cards, do you think? Yellows. Most\ncontacts in their cell phone? That’s right—Yellows. Most friends on\nFacebook? You’re getting the idea—Yellows. They have friends\nabsolutely everywhere, and they are excellent at keeping in touch\nwith everyone in order to keep up-to-date. Yellows want to know\nwhat’s going on. They want to be where it’s all happening, and they\nwill make sure to be at every party.\n“Isn’t It Amazing? I Just Loooove It to Bits!”\nIf there is anything that characterizes Yellow behavior, it’s unlimited\noptimism and enthusiasm. Few things can keep their good mood\naway for long.", "chunk_index": 62, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 984, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_63", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The Yellows’ entire being is concentrated on one thing\n—finding opportunities and solutions.\nIn his day, Hippocrates called Yellows the sanguine ones. This\nsimply means optimists. Nothing is really a problem. It will all sort\nitself out. It’s neither here nor there that the world just happens to be\nfull of worries and hardships. With their incurably positive outlook on\nlife, Yellow individuals give joy to the people around them with their\ncheerful acclamations and entertaining jokes.\nI don’t know where Yellows get their tremendous energy, but it’s\nfocused on having fun and devoting themselves to social\ntogetherness. Everyone must be involved, and a Yellow will not allow\nanyone to be gloomy.\nMicke, a good friend of mine, is Yellow, and his life has included\nmore than his fair share of challenges. His wife left him, his children\nhave had problems at school, and on various occasions his\nemployers have gone bankrupt and he has lost his job.", "chunk_index": 63, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_64", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I can’t even\ncount how many times he’s had a car accident, his home has been\nburgled, or he has been robbed of expensive items. Sometimes I\nhardly dare to answer the phone when I see that Micke is calling. To\ntell the truth, Micke is the most jinxed man I have ever met.\nBut what’s so curious about him is that none of this ever seems to\nbother him. Naturally, he’s upset when accidents happen, but he\ncan’t stay upset for long periods of time. Inside, he just bubbles\nalong most of the time.\nI remember one occasion when we were both quite young. He\nhad just bought an old Alfa Romeo. It was a two-seater with two\ndoors. Painfully rusty, it was nothing short of a miracle that it even\nheld together. Micke had the car for about a week when he hit a\nlamppost and couldn’t get out on the driver’s side.", "chunk_index": 64, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 801, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_65", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When I heard\nabout the accident, I was worried and called to see if he was okay.\nHis answer? “It was fine! I just got out the other door!”\nThe Optimistic Consultant Strikes Again\nSince Yellow individuals are so positive and cheerful, they spread joy\nand warmth to those around them. With their uncontrollable\noptimism, they demolish all opposition quite effectively.\nWho can be upset when there’s someone pointing out the good\nthings all the time?\nHow could anyone fail to be inspired by a person who refuses to\nsee half-empty glasses? Who always sees the positive?\nOne of my customers is a sales director for a pharmaceutical\ncompany. Marianne worked her way up in the company via what we\ncall the long route. Her managers and coworkers all agree that she’s\nbeen so successful simply due to one thing: her amazing ability to\ninspire those around her.\nOn a number of occasions, I’ve watched her conduct sales\nmeetings.", "chunk_index": 65, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_66", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I consider myself a decent motivator, but when Marianne\ngets going you just have to take your hat off to her. Within a couple\nof minutes, the room is so inspired if she were to ask the sellers to\njump out the window they’d do it, even though they are on the fifth\nfloor. She makes everything sound so simple.\n“It’s a great idea to jump out the window! We can do this. Let’s\njump!”\nAnd the group jumps after her. With her optimism and bright\noutlook on life, she is phenomenal at getting people to achieve great\nfeats—just by closing their eyes to anything negative. With sheer\ninspiration, she can inflate people’s confidence to incredible levels.\nI once saw her dealing with an irate customer who felt mistreated\nby her organization. Not a situation most people dream about! It\nturned out it wasn’t a problem for Marianne.", "chunk_index": 66, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 823, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_67", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "By just smiling\nsteadfastly at the customer and refusing to listen to his negative\ncomments, she moved him from an angry face to a gentle smile and\nfinally to boisterous laughter. How could that happen? I don’t think\nthat even she could explain the underlying process. It simply came\nnaturally to her.\nWhat Happens If We Turn Everything Upside Down?\nYou won’t find anyone more resourceful than a Yellow. If there is\nanything Yellows have an aptitude for, it’s seeing solutions where\nothers do not. Yellows have the unique ability to twist and turn\nthings. To put it simply, they turn everything upside down and think\noutside the box. Call it what you want, but their thinking doesn’t\nalways follow any set pattern.\nThey move quickly: The Yellow’s intellect is very fast, which\nmeans that it can be difficult to keep up. Sometimes they can even\nfind it difficult to explain their wild ideas.\nA good friend of mine likes to work on his home.", "chunk_index": 67, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 939, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_68", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Everything\nrelating to interior design and garden design fascinates him. I\nsuspect that Robban would secretly rather work in design on a full-\ntime basis instead of his actual job.\nI’ve seen this for myself, but I’ve also heard from his wife how he\ngoes about things. He walks around the garden, and she starts\ncounting backwards from ten. On seven, Robban says, “Honey, I\nhave an idea.”\nThere are a few reasons for Robban’s creativity. It’s easy for him\nto think in images. He can simply “see” things in front of him long\nbefore they even exist. And he has courage; he’s not afraid to try\nnew things. Or to talk about them. Usually, his mouth works parallel\nto his mind as he discovers these ideas.\nI’ve worked with a Yellow who couldn’t even cross the street\nwithout coming up with a few really thought-provoking business\nideas—just by looking around. How does this work? I don’t really\nknow.", "chunk_index": 68, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 894, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_69", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "For a long time, we asked him to write down his proposals.\nYou’ll learn more about how a Yellow would react to that kind of\nstructure when we start talking about weaknesses.\nYellows are also helped by the fact that they rarely have any\nlimitations. A Yellow dares to go beyond the usual conventions when\nhe’s in a creative mode. Normally, of course, structure and hierarchy\nin a business are a kind of limitation, but Yellows are rarely\nconcerned about such things. In fact, they often don’t seem to know\nthat such limitations are there.\nNeed help with new suggestions or ideas? Hunt out the most\nYellow person you know. Are you stuck in the same way of thinking?\nDo you need a new perspective on an old problem? Speak to a\nYellow.", "chunk_index": 69, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 731, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_70", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You might not be able to use whatever idea scheme they\ncome up with—in fact, realism isn’t a factor for a Yellow—but one\nthing can lead to another and then all of a sudden you have\nsomething that works.\nSelling Snow to a Penguin\nWith all their energy and optimism, Yellows are very persuasive. It’s\neasy for them to get carried away, seeing opportunities and solutions\nwhere others might only see a dead end.\nIt’s often said that there is a difference between convincing and\npersuading, and many Yellows cross these boundaries. But what\nthey say sounds so good. With the help of language, they really are\nmasters at winning over people to their side.\nRegarding language: As I describe in the chapter on body\nlanguage (page 106), most Yellows have a rich and varied way of\ngesticulating, so that they can convince you not just with their words,\nbut with their entire bodies.\nBut it’s not just energy and will. Yellows have a unique way of\nexpressing themselves that sways their listeners.", "chunk_index": 70, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_71", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They often use\nvivid and colorful imagery when they speak, which appeals to all five\nsenses and creates an impression that is felt by the whole body.\nWithout even knowing it, many Yellows are skilled rhetoricians.\nThey know instinctively that their ethos, the bearer of the message,\nis just as important as the message itself. Therefore, they are\nmindful of getting through to you as an individual—usually by being\nfriendly and shaking your hand; making small personal comments;\nmaking you feel important.\nMany politicians are phenomenal at this—think of Bill Clinton, for\ninstance. He has the kind of charisma that is naturally present in\nmany Yellows—a noticeable interest in another person, the ability to\nask exactly the right questions so that others feel that they are\nimportant.\n“I Know Lots of People. All of Them, in Fact.”\nIf Yellows aren’t allowed to cultivate their relationships, they will\nslowly wither and die.", "chunk_index": 71, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_72", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Okay, this may be somewhat exaggerated, but\nthe very definition of Yellow behavior revolves around their ability to\nbuild relationships.\nThe Yellow traits are inspirational. They inspire those around\nthem, and the best way to achieve this is through building\nrelationships. A Yellow knows that by far the most important factor in\nbusiness, for example, is relationships. If your customer doesn’t feel\npositively about you, it will be difficult to make any headway.\nYellows know everyone. They have more acquaintances than\neveryone else. They like everyone. A Yellow doesn’t need to know a\nperson very well before calling him his friend. Anyone who doesn’t\nactively dislike them they consider to be a pal. Remember that when\nReds ask what is going to be done, Yellows want to know\nimmediately who will do it. This question is crucial for Yellows.", "chunk_index": 72, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 845, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_73", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If the\nteam or group does not function smoothly, a Yellow will not feel well.\nHe needs functioning relationships for him to come into his own.\nConclusions on Yellow Behavior\nWhat do you think? Have you ever met a real Yellow? Famous\npeople who exhibit clear yellow traits include Oprah Winfrey, Robin\nWilliams, Ellen DeGeneres, and, to take some fictional examples,\nPippin from The Lord of the Rings and Han Solo from Star Wars.\nGreen Behavior\nWhy Change Is So Difficult and How to Get Around It\n“How Are We Going to Do This? It’s Not Urgent,\nRight?”\nThe Green person is the most common. You’ll meet him virtually\neverywhere. What’s the easiest way to explain who he is? Well, I\nwould like to describe him as being the average of all the other\ncolors. Please don’t interpret that as something negative; keep in\nmind what this truly implies.", "chunk_index": 73, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 840, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_74", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "While Reds are stressed performance\nseekers, Yellows are creative bon vivant guys, and Blues are\nperfectionist Knights of Excel Spreadsheets (see pages 13 and 14),\nGreens are the most balanced. They counterbalance the other more\nextreme behavioral traits in an elegant way. Hippocrates called them\nphlegmatic people. The Aztecs called them earth people. Calm,\nleisurely, and easygoing are some words that could also describe\nthem.\nIt’s just a matter of stating the facts—not everyone can or should\nbe extreme; otherwise, we would never get anything done. If\neveryone were a driven leader, there would be no one left to be led.\nIf everyone were an enthusiastic entertainer, there would be no one\nto amuse. And if everyone were a detail-oriented perfectionist, there\nwouldn’t be anything to keep in order.\nThis means that Greens don’t stick out in the same way as others\ndo and they often lend serenity to a situation. Where Reds and\nYellows start off in top gear, Greens are significantly calmer.", "chunk_index": 74, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_75", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And\nwhere Blues get caught up in details, Greens try to feel their way to\nwhat is right.\nIf you have a friend who is Green, he’ll never forget your birthday.\nHe won’t begrudge you your successes, and he won’t try to take the\nspotlight off you by reeling off his own stories. He won’t try to outdo\nyou, and he will never pester you with new and drastic demands. Nor\nwill he see you as a competitor if you were ever placed in that\nsituation. He won’t take command unless he has been told to do so.\nAnd he won’t—\nJust a minute please, you might be thinking. That’s just a lot of\nthings he doesn’t do. So what does he do?\nYou can’t ignore the fact that Greens are more passive than\nothers. They’re not as driven as Reds, not as resourceful as Yellows,\nand not as orderly as Blues. This describes most of the population.\nFor this very reason, they are easy to deal with. They let you be\nyourself. They don’t demand much, and they never kick up a fuss\nunnecessarily.", "chunk_index": 75, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 185 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_76", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Children with Green features are usually described as\nbeing little angels. They eat when they’re supposed to; they sleep\nwhen they’re supposed to; they do their homework when they’re\nsupposed to.\nBut it’s not just that. Greens will not offend people if they can\navoid it. They’d rather not offend anyone at all, and they won’t talk\nback if the boss makes a strange decision. (At least not to his face,\nthat is. During the coffee break it may be somewhat different, but\nmore on that later.) They usually strive to fit in, which makes them\nmore balanced people. They’re ideal for calming down confused\nYellows, for example. And they’re excellent at warming up Blues,\nwho, on occasion, can indeed be a tad too cold.\nWe often hang out with a family where the husband is Yellow and\nloves to horse around and take center stage—he comes up with\namusing games and is more than happy to answer any questions\nhimself. Everyone else is his audience, and he never steps out of the\nspotlight. His wife is Green.", "chunk_index": 76, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_77", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Calm, composed, and as laid back as\ncan be. When he jumps around and frolics (these are middle-aged\npeople), she sits quietly on the sofa and smiles. She’s just as\nentertained as everyone else by his antics. When I ask her if she\never gets tired of her comical husband, she sometimes replies\nquietly, “But he’s having so much fun.”\nThis is a typical Green trait. They are very tolerant towards other\npeople’s more singular behavior. Is the picture becoming clearer?\nGreens are the people you might not think about—most of us, that is.\nSome Simple Basics\nGreen people are kindness personified. You can expect a helping\nhand whenever you need it. They are pronounced relational people\nwho will do everything within their power to save your relationship.\nAnd they will invest lifelong. They will keep track of when your\nbirthday is, when your partner’s birthday is, when your children’s\nbirthdays are, et cetera.", "chunk_index": 77, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_78", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It wouldn’t surprise me if they even know\nwhen your cat first saw the light of day.\nIt’s often said that Greens are the best listeners, and this is true.\nA Green will always be more interested in you than in himself, and if\nperchance he should be interested in himself he would never dream\nof showing it. You often find Greens in the public sector, where they\nhelp others, with no concern for personal gain.\nThey are also pronounced team players. The team, the group, the\nfamily, always comes before the individual, and I would even say that\nsocieties consisting of Greens will always take care of the sick and\nthe weak. They will not leave a friend in need; you can call them at\nany time. They always offer a shoulder to cry on.\nChange isn’t their greatest strength, even though change isn’t\ncompletely foreign to them. If you can simply justify the change and\ngive him enough time, even a Green will be prepared to try new\nthings.", "chunk_index": 78, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 932, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_79", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But a Green will remind you that you always know what you\nhave, but you never know what you might end up with. The grass is\nnot automatically greener on the other side, so to speak.\nThe Best Pal in the World\nAs I’ve already said, these are naturally friendly people. When they\ntell you that they sincerely care about how you’re doing, you can\ntrust that they lie awake sleepless for your sake. Just like Yellows,\nGreens are relationship people and their interest in others is genuine\nand authentic.\nIf you ask a group of people if anyone is prepared to lend a hand\nand no one steps up to help, a Green will jump in and shout,\n“Choose me!” Why? Because he didn’t want to leave you in the\nlurch. He knows that if you don’t get any help you’ll feel bad, and\neven though he can be passive, he’s always prepared to help a\nfriend.\nI still remember a young woman I worked with at a consulting firm\nyears ago. Admittedly, Maja was certainly Blue as well, but above all,\nshe was Green.", "chunk_index": 79, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 186 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_80", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Her problem was obvious: When someone asked for\nhelp, she always said yes. Every time.\nIt was difficult to find her desk due to her workload, but she\norganized everything in the end. We could always rely on her\nassistance, handling all the things the rest of us had simply forgotten\nabout. She had a warm and friendly smile, so we asked her to work\nin reception and have the first contact with new clients. She never\nfailed to serve coffee, fix the cushions, or keep track of how long\nclients had been waiting.\nMaja never forgot anyone’s birthday or anniversary (or their\nwives’ or children’s, for that matter). She frequently sent short emails\nto all of us stressed-out consultants reminding us that we had\nfamilies who also needed to be looked after. Sure, we could take\ncare of our own lives, but in her kindness and thoughtfulness Maja\nwent out of her way to help. It was natural for her, and whenever we\nasked her to take it easy and take care of herself for a change she\nalmost felt offended.", "chunk_index": 80, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_81", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "She wanted to take care of us—it simply made\nher feel good. Of course, there were limits, and Maja constantly ran\nthe risk of someone taking advantage of her huge heart. But when\nproperly balanced, this selflessness is a beautiful quality.\nGreens do this naturally. When having coffee, it’s quite normal for\nyou to ask the people with you if they would like a refill. When other\ncolors would likely take their empty cups to the coffeemaker, Greens\nwould simply fetch the coffee carafe and refill everyone’s cup.\nA Green wants to stay on good terms with everyone, so he’ll even\nhelp people he doesn’t really like that much. Otherwise, there might\nbe some kind of hullabaloo.\nHe thinks well of most people and is confident in others’ abilities.\nSometimes he does this so intensely that it ends badly, but normally\nthat’s the fault of the other person, not the Green himself.", "chunk_index": 81, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 872, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_82", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He is so\ngood-hearted that now and then others can take advantage of him.\nLasse, a good friend of mine, is a truly genuine friend. It makes\nno difference how much he has to do; if anyone needs a helping\nhand, Lasse is there, ready to support him. Sometimes, in Lasse’s\neagerness to help with other people’s work, he even forgets to do his\nown.\nOn weekends, he drives his own and others’ children everywhere\nthey want to go. He helps people move; he lends out his tools\nwithout people even needing to ask. He listens if you call and\ncomplain about something. This all takes a huge amount of time, but\nhe enjoys it.\nOnce They’ve Said They’ll Do Something, You Can\nRest Assured That It Will Be Done\nIf a Green says that he will do something, you can be confident that\nhe’ll do it. If it’s in his power to deliver, he will. It won’t be done in the\nshortest amount of time possible, but it will show up in your in-box\nroughly within the expected time frame.", "chunk_index": 82, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_83", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Greens don’t want to be\ncaught failing to deliver, as this might cause trouble for others. And\nbecause they’re good team players, they don’t want to do anything\nthat can cause problems for the team. Team comes before self, the\nteam being the company, crew, football team, or family. For the\nGreen, it’s natural to look after everyone else around them.\nThe reason why everyone works so well with Greens is a topic for\ndebate. In some situations, it’s simply because they don’t like\nconflict. Mostly, however, it’s because they’re controlled by their\ndesire to make those around them happy and satisfied. If they can\nplease you with a job well done, they’ll do it. The desire to please\nothers verges on being a driving force for Greens. It comes naturally\nand requires no effort. And this selflessness is accompanied by an\nexalted serenity that lowers the stress level of those around them.\n“We Don’t Want Any Unpleasant Surprises. It’s Good\nto Know What’s Going to Happen.", "chunk_index": 83, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_84", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Every Time.”\nYou can always count on a Green person. In some organizations, it’s\na requirement to have reliable employees. Creativity and ingenuity\nare not at the top of the wish list: In short, you simply need people\nwho understand the job and get it done without a lot of fuss or\ndrama.\nThen you hire Greens. They constitute the stable core who will do\nthe job well. They don’t have problems taking orders—as long as the\norders are formulated in an appealing fashion. Greens enjoy stability\nand a certain predictability in the workplace. Or in the home. Or with\nthe family. Just about everywhere.\nWhenever trouble is brewing—maybe due to a recession or when\nnew managers take over—we’ll see all kinds of interesting behavior\nin a group. Reds, who never listen to the whole message, just rush\noff to do what they believe needs to be done. Unless, of course,\nthey’re busy yelling at the management because they don’t agree\nwith their decisions.", "chunk_index": 84, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 944, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_85", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Yellows start wild discussions and inform\nabsolutely everyone about their take on what happened. Instead of\nworking, they’ll debate the news until it’s time to leave the office.\nBlues will sit at their desks and begin the bureaucratic paperwork,\nformulating half a million questions that no one knows the answers to\nyet.\nGreens? They just murmur. If the management has avoided\nseriously sabotaging their sense of security, they’ll trundle on without\ncomplaining. There’s no point in making a lot of fuss and bother\nabout it. Might as well keep doing what you were before. This, in\nfact, makes things much easier. We’ll get to how we help Greens to\nchange direction, but they’re great at keeping calm and carrying on.\nYou’ll always know how a Green will respond to some questions\nbecause he doesn’t change his opinion very often.\nA few years ago, I coached Greger. He had been a CEO for\nseveral years, and his management team consisted solely of Green\nmiddle managers.", "chunk_index": 85, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_86", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He used to enjoy playing a little game when\nlaunching new ideas. He wrote little notes with the answers he\nthought he would get from each person. “No” from Anna. “Yes” from\nStefan. “Maybe” from Bertil. Right every time! Greger knew them\nvery well and knew how they would react to his proposals.\nThis wouldn’t have been the case with Yellows. They don’t even\nknow how they’re going to respond when opportunities arise.\nExciting—sure, but it’s exhausting for those around them. With\nGreen associates, however, you don’t need to worry.\n“Who? Me? I’m Not Important. Forget That You Even\nSaw Me.”\nFor every Green, the group will always come first. Team before self.\nRemember that. This is a fundamental truth for a Green, and it\nshouldn’t be challenged too strongly. The working group, the team,\nthe club, and the family—all these different groups are important for\na Green.", "chunk_index": 86, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 869, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_87", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He often disregards his own needs if the group gets what it\nneeds.\nYou may think that groups consist of people and if each individual\nis satisfied the group as a whole will be content. This might happen,\nbut then the focus would be individual rather than collective. The way\na Green sees it, if the group feels good every individual also feels\ngood.\nHere the Green’s thoughtfulness becomes apparent—he has\ninfinite regard for those around him. This is partly the reason why it’s\ndifficult to get a straight answer from a Green. He’s always trying to\nsatisfy everyone else.\nLet me tell you a rather striking story. One Sunday a few years\nago, a colleague whom I didn’t know that well called me. I had only\nbeen working with Kristoffer for a few months, but I hadn’t really\nfigured the guy out yet.\nSo when he called me one Sunday morning I was surprised. I\nsaw who it was, but I had no idea what he wanted from me. He\ngreeted me pleasantly and asked what I was doing.", "chunk_index": 87, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 966, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_88", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I had just bought\na new house at that time and was busy renovating. Kristoffer asked\nwhat was on the agenda this particular Sunday, and I remember that\nI said I was worried about the boiler. It was early winter. The\ntemperature was just below freezing, and one of the circulation\npumps didn’t really work as it should. Because colder weather was\ndefinitely on the way, I wondered if the pump could cope with a major\ncold snap.\nBeing a Green, Kristoffer asked a number of questions and gave\nme lots of good advice. He’d once had a similar boiler, and besides,\nhe knew a plumber whom he might be able to ask to come by and\nhave a look—if I was interested, of course. Kristoffer and I chatted\nfor a while, and I became increasingly puzzled about why he had\nactually called me.\nHe asked me where I lived. I gave him the address, and he\npromised to write it down and give it to his plumber friend. Then, as a\nkind of “by the way,” he asked me if I had any plans to go into town\nthat day.", "chunk_index": 88, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 191 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_89", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I lived about twenty-five miles from the office and hadn’t\nintended to go to work that Sunday. I explained this to Kristoffer.\nWe chatted a little while longer, and in the end I finally asked him\nstraight out what he really wanted. Then he revealed that he was\nstanding outside the office in his T-shirt because he had accidentally\nlocked himself out when he had popped out to fetch some lunch. I\nlooked at the thermometer. Thirty degrees with light snow. We’d\nbeen talking for about fifteen minutes! I got into the car and saved\nhim from freezing to the bone.\nEveryone else is more important. A Green never asks for\nanything.\n“I Know Exactly What You Mean.”\nThey say Greens are introverts, that is, that they’re active in their\ninner world. This means that they don’t talk just for the sake of\ntalking. When you are quieter than those around you, it’s natural that\nyou listen. And Greens will listen.", "chunk_index": 89, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 901, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_90", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They are interested in you and\nyour ideas.\nUnlike Reds, who only listen when there is something to be\ngained from it, or Yellows, who usually don’t listen at all (although\nthey will normally deny this fact), Greens hear what you’re actually\nsaying. They have a genuine ear for human problems. They might\nnot offer any suggestions or solutions, but they understand what\nyou’ve told them. Don’t assume that means that they agree with you\n—but they are good listeners.\nSo far, you have probably tried to puzzle all the pieces together.\nWhere do the different colors fit in? What kind of job would be best\nfor each of them? These are good questions, even if there are no\nsimple answers. One observation that often arises when I work with\nthese issues in different organizations is that Reds, and Yellows in\nparticular, must be good at retail and selling. This is true for sure. But\nGreens are often overlooked.", "chunk_index": 90, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 906, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_91", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "We always teach salespeople to talk\nless and listen more, something Greens already do quite naturally.\nHelena was a seller I coached a few years ago. She was Green\nand very gentle in her ways. Most people didn’t understand how she\nsurvived in that daunting industry. But I have a theory. She once told\nme about a time when she met a tough chief executive everyone had\ntremendous respect for. No one in the entire company had managed\nto sell anything to him, but after a little coaching from me Helena was\ndetermined to have a go. So she arranged a meeting.\nThey ran into each other in the parking lot at the restaurant where\nthey were to meet for lunch. The stern executive cruised into the lot\nin a vintage car from the late sixties. Beautiful, shiny, and obviously\nvery special. Helena said the only thing she could think of: Wow!\n“Do you like cars?” asked the executive, before they had even\ngreeted each other. Helena nodded.", "chunk_index": 91, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_92", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Then he told her about the car,\nhow much he had spent to restore it, the paintwork and alloys, the\nengine. He showed her what it looked like under the hood. Helena\nnodded and murmured approval and hoped he wouldn’t ask her any\nquestions, since she couldn’t tell the difference between a Ford and\na Chevrolet. But she didn’t interrupt; she just listened. After that it\nwas easy. They sat down, and he asked to see the sales agreement.\nHow did she do it? By doing nothing at all except for one thing—\nlistening. He signed before the food was even served.\nConclusions on Green Behavior\nOkay. Do you have any Greens in your family? Highly likely.\nMr. Rogers, Gandhi, Michelle Obama, and Jimmy Carter are\nsome well-known people with elements of Green. And, yes, Jesus.\nThere’s a guy who knew how to help others.\nBlue Behavior\nIn Pursuit of Perfection\n“Why Are We Doing This? What’s the Science\nBehind It?”\nThe last of the four colors is an interesting fellow. You’ve probably\nmet him.", "chunk_index": 92, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 979, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_93", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He doesn’t make a fuss about himself, but he does keep\ntabs on what is happening around him. While a Green will just go\nwith the flow, a Blue has all the right answers. In the background, he\nanalyzes: classifies, evaluates, assesses.\nYou know you’ve met a Blue if you visit someone’s home and\neverything is organized in a particular way. Clear labels and names\non each hook so that the children will know exactly where to hang up\ntheir jackets. Dinner menus, divided into six-week intervals to ensure\na balanced diet, stuck on the refrigerator door. If you look at his\ntools, you’ll find that everything has its own spot and nothing is out of\nplace. Why? A Blue DIY guy always puts things back where they\nbelong.\nHe is also a pessimist, sorry: a realist. He sees errors, and he\nsees risks.", "chunk_index": 93, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 789, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_94", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’s the melancholic who closes the circle of behavior.\nReserved, analytical, and detail-oriented are some words you might\nassociate with a Blue.\n“Excuse Me, but That’s Not Quite Accurate.”\nWe all have a friend like that. Think about it: You’re sitting in a\nrestaurant with your friends. You’re discussing cats, football, or\nspace rockets. Someone throws out a random comment. It may be\nyour Red friend who claims that the Patriots have been to the Super\nBowl eleven times; it can be the Yellow who cheerfully claims that as\na child he lived in the same block as Will Smith in West Philly.\nYour Blue buddy clears his throat and in a gentle voice says that\nthe Patriots have actually only been to the Super Bowl ten times—\nwith their first appearance after the 1985 season and eight times\nsince 2001—and that Will Smith actually grew up in Wynnefield,\nwhich is well north of the block in question and a half-hour walk from\nthe lovely Centennial Arboretum.", "chunk_index": 94, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_95", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In addition, without blinking an eye,\nthe good friend adds, “It’s interesting to note that in the Super Bowl\npregame coin toss, of the past fifty-one games, the outcome has\nbeen tails twenty-seven times and heads twenty-four times. And\nbased on past statistics, the winner of the coin toss is slightly less\nlikely to win the game overall.”\nYou just have to give up, boys. This guy simply knows everything.\nHe doesn’t make a big deal about it, but his way of presenting facts\nmakes it difficult for you to call them into question. He knows where\nhe found the info and can go fetch the book to prove it.\nThat’s the way it is with Blues. They know how things stand\nbefore they open their mouth. They’ve Googled, read the owner’s\nmanual, and checked the dictionary—and afterwards they present a\nreport in full.\nBut an important thing to note: If the question doesn’t come up,\nit’s unlikely that your Blue buddy will say anything on the subject. He\nhas no need to tell everyone about what he knows.", "chunk_index": 95, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 179 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_96", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Of course, a Blue\ndoesn’t know everything; no one can. But you can usually bank on\nthe fact that what he says is correct.\nDid you notice anything about the art above? Of course you did.\nThis time I listed the different characteristics in alphabetical order—\nsomething a Blue would certainly appreciate. However, I might get in\ntrouble because I don’t discuss each and every one one of these\ncharacteristics individually on the subsequent pages.", "chunk_index": 96, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 444, "length_words": 75 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_97", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "To all Blue\nindividuals who are reading this—who have probably jotted down a\nlittle note in the margin to go to my website to look for possible\nexplanations for this blunder—I just want to say that I didn’t mean to\ncause any strife.\n“It’s Not a Big Deal—I Was Just Doing My Job.”\nHow can a know-it-all be unassuming? It’s impressively modest to\navoid making a fuss, even if you know everything.\nIt’s rare that a wholly Blue person would feel the need to stand on\nthe rooftops or to toot his own horn in order to make it clear to the\nworld who the real expert is. It’s usually sufficient that you, the Blue,\nare clear about who knows best.\nThere are downsides to this modesty. More than once I’ve stood\nin the middle of a crowd of people as we all tried to puzzle through a\nproblem together. On one such occasion, a Blue came forward after\ntwo hours and casually pointed out the answer. For him, it was never\nreally a problem at all.", "chunk_index": 97, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 932, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_98", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He knew a thing or two, but because Blues\noften miss the big picture, they don’t always act immediately. I asked\nhim why he didn’t say anything two hours earlier. And, like a typical\nBlue, he said, “Well, you never asked.”\nIt would be easy to feel aggravated by such a comment. But at\nthe same time, I understood him. It’s more my problem than his that\nhe wasn’t invited to join the discussion. He knew that he knew the\nanswer, and that was good enough.\nThere’s also no need to cheer, applaud, or call a Blue up to the\npodium when he’s done something tremendous in an amazing way.\nSure, it doesn’t really do any harm to cheer. He’ll just nod, accept the\npraise and the prize check, and then return to his desk, where he’ll\ncontinue working on the next project. But he may well wonder what\nthe fuss was really all about—he was only doing his job.\n“Excuse Me, but Where Did You Read That? And\nWhat Edition Was It?”\nA Blue can rarely get too many facts or have too many pages of fine\nprint.", "chunk_index": 98, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 189 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_99", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "People say that God is in the details, and I can imagine that it\nwas a Blue who first said that.\nNo detail is too small to be noticed. Cutting corners is simply not\nan option for a Blue.\n“Hold up,” you might say. “Not keeping track of every single tiny\ndetail isn’t really the same thing as cutting corners.” But if you ask a\nBlue it is. “Not having full control is the same thing as not having any\ncontrol at all. What do we get by cutting corners? How can you\npossibly justify it?”\nIt doesn’t work like that. Tell a Blue that he can ignore the details\nof the new contract and skip the last thirty paragraphs—there’s\nnothing important in that bit—and he’ll stare at you very attentively\nand wonder about your mental capabilities. As usual, he won’t\nnecessarily say anything.", "chunk_index": 99, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 775, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_100", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll just completely ignore what you said.\nHe would rather burn the midnight oil checking all the facts of the\ncase than miss the slightest detail.\nA few years ago, I tried to sell a leadership program to the CEO\nof a company in the packaging industry. He was Blue; there was no\ndoubting that. His emails were long-winded and a little dry, and for\nour first meeting he had set aside fifty minutes. Not an hour, not\nthree-quarters of an hour, but fifty minutes. (There was a reason for\nthis: After the meeting he would have lunch, and the dining room\nwas eight minutes away. Plus a visit to the gents for about two\nminutes. A fifty-minute meeting would get him there right in time.)\nThe first time we met, he deposited me in a specific chair by a\nspecific corner at the visitors’ desk. He didn’t ask if I had any\ndifficulty getting there—which I did; the address was totally\nimpossible—he offered neither coffee nor tea. He didn’t smile when\nhe greeted me.", "chunk_index": 100, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 956, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_101", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He examined my business card very carefully.\nAfter going through the company’s needs, I explained that I would\ngo back to my office to put a quote together. Once back at my desk, I\nbrooded about how I should go about it. Normally, my proposals\nwere ten to twelve pages long, but I knew that wouldn’t be sufficient\nin this case. Instead, I put my nose to the grindstone and wrote over\nthirty-five pages.\nI mailed a hard copy of the quote to him, since for a Blue the\nwritten and printed word means much more than the spoken—or\ndigital. After a week or so, I followed the whole thing up with a phone\ncall. They were interesting ideas, the CEO said, but he was ready to\ngo further. Could he now get the full quote? What he actually said\nwas:\n“IS THERE ANY MORE MATERIAL?”\nI remember scratching my head. In my opinion, I had described\nthe program rather well in the proposal. Each stage had an agenda,\na clear goal, and a defined purpose.", "chunk_index": 101, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 934, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_102", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I’d given some background\ninformation, references, and citations.\nAs a seller, you can’t give up, so I was back at it, adding every\ndetail I could think of. The second time, I put together at least eighty-\nfive pages: each item broken down into two-hour intervals, even\nmore background, sample exercises, analysis tools, templates, the\nworks. Details on a level that would have made a Yellow throw up.\nPleased with myself, I sent over the whole caboodle.\nIt took several weeks before I heard from the CEO. I asked if he\nwas ready to make a decision and he asked:\n“IS THERE MORE MATERIAL?”\nWell, this time he wanted to come to my office. For ninety\nminutes, we sat on the same side of the table in the conference\nroom at my office and went through … the table of contents in the\nproposal. He had drawn up the general terms and conditions (read:\nthe fine print) on legal paper, and each section was full of questions\nand notes.", "chunk_index": 102, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_103", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Afterwards, he said with a totally expressionless face that\nit was the best meeting he had been at for a long time. But what he\nreally wondered was:\n“IS THERE ANY MORE MATERIAL?”\nI sent him off and sat down for a while and pondered. More\nmaterial? No problem. I shared the whole training folder (this was\nbefore e-learning and virtual classrooms), at least three hundred\npages covering every fifteen-minute session during the fifteen days\nof training in five different stages of leadership.\nThis was all the material there was, even with information about\nwhen coffee breaks should be slotted in, exactly what questions\nshould be asked of the individuals during training, how the room\nshould be furnished, the works.", "chunk_index": 103, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 716, "length_words": 120 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_104", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I can certify—there were no gaps.\nI thought that if I took all this and rammed it down his throat he\nwould be satisfied at last.\nAfter a month, he asked if there was any more material.\nThere was not.\nA common misconception is that Blues are unable to make\ndecisions, but that’s not the case. It wasn’t that this CEO was\npushing the decision into sometime in the future or that he couldn’t\ndecide. He simply had no need to decide. For him, the process\nleading up to the decision was significantly more interesting. And he\njust wondered if there was any more material.\nWhy Some People Have to Sleep on Things for So\nLong You Wonder If They’ve Gone into Hibernation\nThe preceding example also illustrates another important\ncharacteristic Blue behavior. They’re generally very cautious. They\noften think safety first.", "chunk_index": 104, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 813, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_105", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Where a Red or Yellow would take a wild\nchance, a Blue will hold off and consider everything one more time.\nThere may be more factors to take into account, right? You need to\nget to the bottom of things before you act.\nThis can manifest itself in various ways. It’s a fact that for the\nBlue, the trip is more important than the destination, exactly the\nopposite of a Red. Obviously, this amount of caution can result in no\ndecisions being made at all, and it also means that Blues rarely take\nany major risks. Never taking any risks ensures a predictable life; we\ncan probably agree on that. I’m not saying anything about how\nexciting and inspiring it would be; I’m just stating the facts.\nSometimes a Blue can even completely refrain from starting\nsomething because he can’t assess the risks. I once met a Blue\nseller who had trained as an engineer. His motto was that the best\ndeal is often the one you didn’t make.", "chunk_index": 105, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 917, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_106", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Risk assessment is a complex\nthing, and who knows what dangers are lurking out there? A Blue\ngenerally solves everything by creating advanced systems that\nmanage the possible risks that may arise. They set three alarm\nclocks. They leave two hours early when one would be enough.\nThey check and recheck the children’s backpacks before school in\nthe morning, even though they packed them the night before and no\none has touched the backpacks during the night. They triple-check\nthat the keys are in their pocket and, of course, they are. Where else\nwould they be?\nThe benefits of this are evident. Blues won’t be taken aback by\nunexpected events in the same way others would be. And in the long\nrun, they save a lot of time.\n“It Doesn’t Matter If It’s Easier. It’s Still Not Right.”\nThings can’t be allowed to go wrong. That’s all there is to it. Quality\nis all that matters.", "chunk_index": 106, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 873, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_107", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When a Blue individual thinks his work runs the\nrisk of being shoddy or low quality, things come to a standstill.\nEverything must be checked out. Why has the quality declined?\nRunning the risk of generalizing, I would say that a fair number of\nengineers have distinct Blue traits. Accurate, systematic, fact\noriented, and quality conscious. I can’t know for certain, but I would\nimagine that Toyota, the Japanese car manufacturer, probably has a\ngood proportion of Blue engineers among its employees. They have\na policy that you must always ask “why” five times to ensure quality\nand get to the heart of the issue. I would say that this is a typical\nBlue approach (in addition to the Japanese mentality, which is very\nlong term and rather Blue in expression).\nSo let’s say someone discovers an oil stain on the floor. A Red\napproach might be to lambast the person closest to him and then\norder him to mop up the stain.", "chunk_index": 107, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_108", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A Yellow sees the stain and then\nforgets it but two days later is surprised when he slips on it. The\nGreen also sees the stain and feels a little bit of guilt because it\nposes a problem and everyone is ignoring it.\nA Blue would ask, “Why is there an oil spill?” The answer may be\nthat a gasket is leaking. This answer, of course, is unsatisfactory for\na Blue. “Why is the gasket leaking?” “Because it’s poor quality.” “Why\ndo we have poor-quality gaskets in our factory?” “Because the\npurchasing department was told to save money. We bought cheap\ngaskets instead of tight-sealed gaskets.” “But who asked us to save\nmoney and compromise on quality?” This is the way he goes on.\nMaybe the problem will resolve itself.", "chunk_index": 108, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 715, "length_words": 130 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_109", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Maybe we’ll get a report of\nwhat went wrong, but nothing is done to fix the problem.\nIn the end, the Blue solution might be to review our purchasing\nstrategies instead of just mopping up the oil on the floor.\nMy point is this: A Blue is prepared to dive deep to get everything\nexactly 100 percent correct.\nBlues argue that if they’re going to do something, they must do it\ncorrectly. And vice versa—if a task isn’t worth being done properly,\nthen it’s not worth doing at all. Furthermore, because Blues usually\nfind it difficult to lie, they will always point out the defects they\nuncover—even defects that may reflect poorly on them.\nI clearly remember discussions my parents had when I was a\nchild. We moved from time to time, and usually our house had to be\nsold, with everything that entailed.", "chunk_index": 109, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 797, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_110", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Dad—the engineer—would, of\ncourse, do all the work himself, and he managed the viewings\npersonally.\nMy mum was always upset that he began each viewing by\npointing out all the flaws and shortcomings of the house. It leaked\nhere and there, and some paint had flaked off behind the sofa. “Why\nare you telling them that?” my mother wondered. “Because this and\nthat is wrong,” Dad replied. “Sure, but do you have to tell that to the\nprospective buyers? Now they may never want to buy the house!”\nHe didn’t understand the problem. As a very honorable and\nhonest person, he couldn’t hide the faults he knew were there. He\ncould live with the fact that we rarely made a huge profit on those\ndeals. He’d been honest about the house, because that’s how it\nshould be done.\n“If the Trail Doesn’t Match the Map, There’s\nSomething Wrong with the Trail.”\nLogical and rational thinking is critical to a Blue. Out with all the\nfeelings (as much as possible) and in with logic.", "chunk_index": 110, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 959, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_111", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Of course, Blues\ncan’t turn off their feelings completely—no one can—but they like to\nsay they use rational arguments when making decisions. They value\nlogical thinking highly, but they can very easily become depressed\nwhen things don’t go their way. And depression has nothing to do\nwith logic and everything to do with feelings.\nFew people can repeat the same task an infinite number of times\nin exactly the same way like Blues can. They have a unique ability to\nprecisely follow instructions to the letter without questioning,\nprovided they understood and approved of it in the beginning.\nHow do they do this without getting bored or careless? Well, it’s\nlogical. If a particular method works, why change it? While a Yellow\nor Red would find new ways of doing something simply because they\nwere bored, a Blue repeats the same thing time and time again.\nConsider how a Blue would put together a piece of furniture from\nIKEA.", "chunk_index": 111, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_112", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If there’s a manual, then of course you have to read it\nthoroughly before you start. Reds, confident that they can easily do\nthis, start screwing and putting together the various parts without\neven looking to see what’s in the rest of the box. Yellows tear up\neverything, exclaiming that it’s going to be great fun to get the\nfurniture in place. They live in the future and can already see a clear\npicture of the new cabinet on the right wall of the bedroom with\nGrandma’s tablecloth and a lovely vase of tulips on it. They put each\npart together a little bit haphazardly, without much effort. They’ll\nscrew in a few screws where it looks logical only to skip to another\npart of the cabinet. A Green DIY guy leans the enormous box\nagainst the wall and has a coffee break. There really isn’t a hurry.\nWhat does a Blue do? He reads the instructions twice, examines\nwhat everything looks like, and confirms that the different pieces of\nthe new cabinet match the pictures in the instructions.", "chunk_index": 112, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 179 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_113", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "With a slightly\ndamp—not too wet—cloth, he carefully wipes down all the different\nparts because they are likely to be dusty. He tallies the number of\nscrews in the box so that he will not be surprised at the end if\nanything is missing (and if there are any parts left over, he may very\nwell take the whole thing apart again).\nIt may take a little extra time for a Blue to put together his cabinet,\nbut once it’s done, you can be sure that it will stand forever.\n“The Devil Is in the Details.”\nA few years ago, I wanted to renovate the patio in my yard. Because\nI like working with my hands, in contrast to just talking each day, I\nthought I would do the job myself. Or at least part of it. My dad, well\nover seventy at the time, was going to help out because he knew\nthat I was pressed for time.\nEasier said than done. To provide a sturdy foundation, we were\ngoing to lay down gravel. Dad arrived a few moments before the\ndump truck with all the gravel.", "chunk_index": 113, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 953, "length_words": 188 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_114", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He had his own wheelbarrow with\nhim, specially designed to maneuver gravel, and a special shovel\nthat he always used for similar purposes. He didn’t understand why I\nwas standing there with my regular shovel. Everyone knew that you\nhad to use special shovels for things like this.\nThe truck came and dropped a hefty pile of gravel in the\ndriveway. I imagined a few days of shoveling before me, and to be\nhonest, it made me feel a little tired. But I was still ready to take on\nthe challenge.\nMy old dad? He picked up a bit of gravel between his fingers,\nsmelled it, felt it, and assessed its quality. After grunting somewhat,\nwhich I interpreted as approval, he began to assess the pile itself.\nHe measured the height of the mound with his hand; he paced\nhow large the circumference was.", "chunk_index": 114, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 787, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_115", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I asked him what he was doing.\nHe didn’t answer but mumbled numbers under his breath.\n“One and eighty high, five meters in circumference, gradient …\nhmm … “After thirty seconds, he said that there were between 8.75\nand 9.25 cubic meters of gravel in the driveway. I confided to him\nthat it was actually nine cubic meters. Exactly.\nDad asked rather skeptically how I knew that. I pointed. “It’s\nwritten on the truck,” I said.\nDad was mildly impressed. I asked if he wanted to count each\npiece of gravel individually. He didn’t deem that to be necessary.\nFor hours, he walked around the site and packed and pressed,\nraked the gravel, smoothing everything until he thought that\neverything was in order. He used a level, plumb line, water, all the\nmeans at his disposal, so that nothing would go wrong.\nThe gravel needed to be laid at an incline of exactly one\ncentimeter per meter.", "chunk_index": 115, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_116", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Why, you ask? “It says so in the book.”\nBecause he was a construction engineer, he knew the book by heart.\nOne centimeter per meter. Exactly. Who knows what terrible\nconsequences could result if you were careless about that?\nConsider the difference between one centimeter and roughly one\ncentimeter. The former is precise; the latter is imprecise. Roughly\none centimeter—it could be up two centimeters if things went bad.\nFrom a one-centimeter to a two-centimeter gradient—that’s a\ndifference of no less than 100 percent, a huge deviation!\n(The funny thing about this story is not really the event itself, but\nwhat happened when Dad read about it in the first edition of this\nbook. He argued that that’s not how it really happened. He corrected\nthe story on several points and claimed that the truck had held\ntwelve cubic meters—not nine. He also insists that he’s not purely\nBlue, and there might just be something in that.)\nHe’s like that with everything.", "chunk_index": 116, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_117", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "At home, if there are any technical\nquestions about a television, a car, a microwave oven, or a cell\nphone, out comes the manual. He always replies, “It says here\nthat… Why do you think they wrote this stuff if it’s not meant to be\ndone that way?”\nHow do you reply to that? How do you argue with the instruction\nmanual? It’s impossible to find arguments that a true Blue will\naccept. (My dad will also stop at a red light in the middle of the night,\neven if he is the only one within a ten-mile radius. Because that’s the\nway you do it.)\nThe great value of this approach is obvious. He will never be\nfooled; he will always get what he paid for. It gives him an inner\npeace because he knows he has checked everything out very\naccurately.\nIf you know any Blues, I am sure you will agree with me. Under\nnormal circumstances, they’re very calm and balanced. Probably\nbecause they keep tabs on everything.\n“Silence Is Golden.”\nIntrovert. Enough said. I could stop there.", "chunk_index": 117, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 965, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_118", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Many Blues I’ve met don’t\nsay a single word unnecessarily. That’s just the way it is. Does that\nmean they have nothing to say? Don’t they have opinions about\nthings? Not at all, they are just very, very introverted. Blues are the\ncalm, stable individuals the Aztecs equated with the sea, the element\nof water.\nQuiet on the outside, but under the surface anything could be\nhappening. “Introverted” doesn’t mean silent; it means active in the\ninner world. But the effect of this is often quiet.\nIn general, my advice is to listen attentively when Blues do\nactually talk, because they’ve usually thought through what they say.\nSo why are they so silent? Among other things, it’s because they,\nunlike Yellows, don’t feel the need to be heard. Sitting in a corner\nand not being seen or heard makes no difference to them. They are\nobservers, spectators, more than central characters.", "chunk_index": 118, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 877, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_119", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They can find\nthemselves at the edge of a group where they observe and record\neverything that is said.\nAnd don’t forget this: According to a Blue’s values, being silent is\nsomething positive. If you have nothing to say—keep quiet.\nConclusions on Blue Behavior\nDo you know everything about Blues? Have you identified some\nBlues in your life? Bill Gates and Albert Einstein both used their\nattention to detail and meticulous nature to build their success. We\nalso have Sandra Day O’Connor and Condoleezza Rice. And of\ncourse, from the fictional world, Mr. Spock from Star Trek is the\nperfect Blue—all logic, rationality, and intellect, even if a few of the\njokes slip past him.\nNo One Is Completely Perfect\nStrengths and Weaknesses\nAs the title of this book suggests, there are individuals around us\nwho, under less favorable circumstances, we may find challenging to\nunderstand. There are others we don’t understand at all, no matter\nwhat the situation is.", "chunk_index": 119, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 955, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_120", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And the most difficult to interact with are those\nwho aren’t like us, because they obviously behave “incorrectly.”\nThe Differences Begin to Become Clear\nYou can see the general differences among the different colors. The\nillustration on page 63 shows an example of how they differ. Some\npeople are issue oriented, and others are relation oriented. While\ntwo of them (Red and Yellow) are quick to act, the Greens and Blues\nare reflective. This is often the source of everyday\nmisunderstandings, both large and small. I will come back to this on\npage 193, but I would like to take this opportunity to provide some\nnuances to the illustration of the different core behavior patterns that\neach color represents.\nI’m not saying that you would call people idiots, like Sture, who\nopened my eyes at the beginning of this book.", "chunk_index": 120, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 819, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_121", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "However, in all\nhonesty, all of us, on occasion, have just stood there, unable to\ncomprehend a comment we’ve heard or watched someone behave\nin way that is diametrically opposed to how we would have behaved.\nAnd so we believe that they’re idiots.\nThis reasoning assumes that “I am always right,” which of course\nmeans that the other person, and their form of behavior, is\nautomatically wrong. It’s a tricky question. A wise person once said\nthat “just because you’re right, I don’t have to be wrong.” We also\ntend to pay special attention to the faults and shortcomings of others.\nChild psychologists have argued that the things we find most\nshocking in the behavior of our children are the things we recognize\nin ourselves—but wish we didn’t do. So who decides what kind of\nbehavior is right and wrong?\nTime for a Real Cliché\nOn the one hand, no one is perfect. There you go, a real platitude.\nBut really, there are no perfect human beings; no one is without\nfaults or shortcomings.", "chunk_index": 121, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_122", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In my youth, I was constantly looking for a\nrole model who could become my mentor in life—that person, a man\nor woman, completely free from shortcomings—but I never found\none. I still haven’t seen any trace of this elusive perfect human. And,\nof course, that’s the way it is. We live with our shortcomings and\nmake the best of things.\nOn the other hand, when we think someone is an idiot is it really\nbecause of their faults and shortcomings or have we failed to\nunderstand them? An attribute that may be useful in some situations\nis unsuitable in others. It’s important to remember that\ncommunication usually takes place on the recipient’s terms.\nWhatever people’s judgment of me may be, that is the way they\nperceive me. Regardless of what I really meant or intended. As\nalways, it’s all about self-awareness.", "chunk_index": 122, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 811, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_123", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Good qualities can become\ndrawbacks in the wrong circumstances, no matter what the quality is.\nQuick Review of Core Behavior Patterns\nReds are quick and more than happy to take command if needed.\nThey make things happen. However, when they get going, they\nbecome control freaks and can be hopeless to deal with. And they\nrepeatedly trample on people’s toes.\nYellows can be amusing, creative, and elevate the mood regardless\nof who they’re with. However, when they are given unlimited space,\nthey will consume all the oxygen in the room, they won’t allow\nanyone into a conversation, and their stories will reflect reality less\nand less.\nThe friendly Greens are easy to hang out with because they are so\npleasant and genuinely care for others. Unfortunately, they can be\ntoo wishy-washy and unclear. Anyone who never takes a stand\neventually becomes difficult to handle.", "chunk_index": 123, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_124", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You don’t know where they\nreally stand, and indecision kills the energy in other people.\nThe analytical Blues are calm, levelheaded, and think before they\nspeak. Their ability to keep a cool head is undoubtedly an enviable\nquality for all who aren’t capable of doing that. However, Blues’\ncritical thinking can easily turn to suspicion and questioning those\naround them. Everything can become suspect and sinister.\nIn the following sections, I deal with how people might perceive\nthe weaknesses of certain behavior patterns. Naturally, this is a\nsensitive area and can be easily misunderstood. When I coach\nindividuals, this is usually where things can get messy. So as you\nread on be aware that much is in the eye of the beholder.", "chunk_index": 124, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 731, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_125", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Who is\nright and who is wrong? The behavior patterns I am talking about are\ndescribed as other people may perceive them, even if the intention\nof the person who just made a fool of himself might have been\ncompletely different.\nOne thing I know for sure regarding the different colors is that\neach color evaluates themselves in different ways. Reds and Yellows\ntend to inflate their strengths and believe that they have no\nweaknesses. They have powerful egos, and a great part of their\nsuccess can probably be attributed to the fact that they don’t get\nbogged down in faults and shortcomings but instead look for\nopportunities and good news. Clearly, this can’t be maintained over\ntime.\nConversely, Greens and Blues usually exaggerate their\nweaknesses and in certain cases even ignore their strengths. The\nconsequences are clear.", "chunk_index": 125, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 828, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_126", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When you give positive feedback to a\nGreen or a Blue, they sometimes appear to be immune to it and\nchange the subject to something that went seriously wrong.\nObviously, this is highly unproductive.\nWell—are we ready to go?\nHow Red People Are Perceived\nIf you ask other people about Reds, you might get a different picture\nfrom the one the Red gives of himself. What a surprise! My own\nprivate research shows that Reds are surrounded by more idiots\nthan the rest of us. Many people will agree with what you have read\nup to now about Reds, but I have also heard other comments.\nUsually, they express this when the Red is not in the room because\nthey are afraid of his fiery temper. You’ve heard him say that he\nwants to hear the truth. Over the years, he’s bellowed into our ears\n“Say what you think!” But as soon as you do, you find yourself in the\nmiddle of a heated discussion with an angry Red. This means that\nwhat you are going to read now will often be completely new for\nmany Reds.", "chunk_index": 126, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 187 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_127", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Not many of us have ever been able to make these\npoints to a Red before. It takes way too much energy.\nSome people say that Reds are just belligerent, arrogant, and\negotistical. They are perceived as unyielding, impatient, aggressive,\nand controlling.\nI don’t think this is necessarily correct, but I’ve even heard people\nspeak about people with Red behavior as dictatorial and tyrannical.\nSuddenly the picture isn’t as flattering. The born leader reveals his\nblemished side.\nFirst of all, let me say this: Nothing said previously would\nnecessarily bother a Red, because he is more task oriented than\nrelationship oriented. Besides, everyone else is wrong. But let’s see\nwhat everyone else has to say.\n“Why Does Everything Take So Long? Can’t You Speed Things Up a Bit?”\nWell, what can you say? A person willing to step outside any\nregulatory framework to get ahead is nothing if not impatient.", "chunk_index": 127, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 894, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_128", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When\nthe usual official channels take too long, a Red will scale over a few\nlevels of decision makers and expeditiously look for the person who\nreally calls the shots.\nThe first example that comes to mind was the traffic in my\nbeautiful capital city. Sure, many locals are in more of a hurry than\nthe national average when they sit behind the wheel—there are\nstatistics about this. But since we’re talking about Red behavior, I’d\nlike to tell you about a colleague I had a few years ago. Björn and I\nused a car as our principal means of transport in and around the city.\nIt simply took too long to use public transport. Björn lost his license\nevery so often because of his somewhat liberal approach to speed\nlimits.\nHe lived far outside the city, and the journey into the office, about\ntwenty miles away, could take about forty minutes. That was on a\ngood day; it could just as easily take an hour and a half.\nBjörn rarely felt the need to adjust his driving according to the\nflow of traffic.", "chunk_index": 128, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 992, "length_words": 184 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_129", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "His opinion was that there was no reason for him to\nfollow every single traffic rule. The posted speed limits here and\nthere—fifty, sixty, and so on—they were mostly recommendations.\nThey didn’t apply to him. They were there for people who didn’t really\nknow how to drive a car!\nOn one occasion I was sitting in the office with a few colleagues\nhaving a cup of coffee, discussing the rather serious traffic situation.\nIt felt as if the city was on the verge of a traffic infarction. Björn didn’t\nknow what we were talking about. He wasn’t aware of the problem at\nall. On the contrary, he felt that the traffic hadn’t been bad lately.\nWhen we questioned him a bit more, it turned out that he usually\ndrove in the bus lane. All the way. For over twenty miles. It was so\nmuch quicker that way. Björn even maintained that this was okay.\nYou could even get a permit for the bus lane.", "chunk_index": 129, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_130", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "That’s what he did, and\nit cost him about $140 a month.\nAbout every four weeks the police stopped him, but it was worth\nit. Just imagine how much time he saved! And all it cost him was the\nfines. He felt it was a good deal.\nThis story illustrates quite clearly how Red behavior works. They\nknow just as well as everyone else that it’s wrong to break the rules;\nhowever, since it’s quicker that way, they do it anyway. Reds are\nnotorious rule breakers. Once again, I would like to remind you of\ntheir intentions—to get the job done.\nReds have no problem taking one or two shortcuts, as long as it’s\nabout getting things done. With such a generous approach to\nregulations and rules, you’ll definitely arrive faster. I would even say\nthat a Red is often so fast that if something were to go wrong he\nwould still manage to redo the project.", "chunk_index": 130, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 836, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_131", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "At the same time, no one else\never really knows what’s going to happen.\n“I Am Not Screaming! I’m Not Angry! Aaarrrghhhh!”\nBecause the way Reds communicate is so blunt and so direct,\nmany perceive them as aggressive. This is logical, but at the same\ntime this perception varies, depending on who becomes the victim of\nthe Red’s forceful points of view. For instance, in Sweden it’s not\nacceptable to behave in the kind of confrontational manner that\nwould be fine in Germany or France. I’m not saying that people\nquarrel more in these countries, but that they have a slightly different\napproach to conflicts.\nJust imagine. In many workplaces people are encouraged to be\ncandid and “have open communication.” What does this really\nmean? It’s easy to interpret it as meaning we should all be honest\nwith one another and just say whatever we think, right? We want to\nhave open and forthright dialogue.", "chunk_index": 131, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_132", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "That’s excellent; for any\norganization to be efficient, it’s necessary to have straightforward\ncommunication about things that are important.\nSo who excels at frank communication? And can receive the\nsame without getting cranky? Answer: No one.\nBesides Reds, of course. For them, this is a nonissue.", "chunk_index": 132, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 299, "length_words": 46 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_133", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "“Why are\nwe even talking about communication? It’s obvious that you say\nwhat you think!” Many people find this stressful; to constantly have\nthe truth pushed into your face can be onerous if you have difficulty\ntaking it.\nMy goal here isn’t to define what’s right or wrong; I only want to\nestablish that all of us are different.\nSo why do we sometimes perceive Red behavior as threatening\nand belligerent? Could it be that they don’t give up right away? That\nthey like to argue and debate even small matters if they find them\nimportant? That they’ll raise their voices, glare daggers at people,\nand pound their fists on the table if it suits them? That sometimes\nthey express themselves rather rudely?\nImagine the following scenario:\nYou have a project, something that you’ve spent a few days on,\nor maybe even weeks.", "chunk_index": 133, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 817, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_134", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You begin to doubt yourself—have you\nsucceeded at your work? Is it as good as you wanted it to be? Would\nyou dare show it to the client as it is now, or should you ask for some\nfeedback from someone who you know will give you an honest\nanswer?\nJust then a Red comes sauntering by, and you take a chance.\nYou are fully aware that this colleague—spouse, friend, cousin,\nneighbor—will be honest. You ask for a frank opinion. With a degree\nof pride in your voice, you show him what you’ve accomplished, and\nyou go through your process step by step. Without you noticing, the\nRed becomes impatient because he’s already decided what his\nopinion is and he’s getting tired of you doing all the talking for so\nlong.\nWith a wave of his hand that effectively silences you, the Red\nsays, “It doesn’t look that good. I don’t really like what you’ve done\nhere. In fact, it looks pretty rough. I’m amazed that you didn’t do\nbetter than this.", "chunk_index": 134, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_135", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I think you have to redo the whole thing from start to\nfinish.”\nThen he leaves without thinking any more about it. You’re left\nthere feeling forlorn and crushed, regardless of what color you are.\nExaggerated? Can this happen in real life? At this stage, if you\nbelieve that such nasty people don’t really exist then you’ve never\nmet a genuine Red. Or the Reds you have met have essentially\nlearned how to be dishonest.\nThink about it. What’s the purpose of cutting a person down to\nsize so completely? What were the Red’s intentions? It was to do\nexactly what you asked. You wanted an honest opinion!\n“Say exactly what you think,” you said. It’s possible you even\nadded: “I won’t be angry/ sad/disappointed/suicidal.” “Be prepared,”\nsays the Red, “because here it comes.” By asking for an honest\nopinion, you released a flood of brutal candor.", "chunk_index": 135, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 843, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_136", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But you’ll survive—\nperhaps with your self-confidence a little waterlogged and your ego\nutterly drowned.\nAs a consultant, I have explained countless times that when a\nRed goes all out on an issue that’s important to him, an issue on\nwhich he does not intend to give up—well, the storm will be brutal. If\nyou’re afraid of conflict, then you shouldn’t put yourself in that\nsituation. A Red has no problem with conflict. Reds don’t consciously\ncreate conflict, but a refreshing quarrel every now and then can be a\ngood thing, don’t you think? It’s just another way to communicate.\nA little tip: The worst thing you can do once you get into a conflict\nwith a Red is back off.", "chunk_index": 136, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 671, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_137", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "That tactic can cause you serious problems.\nMore on that later.\n“What Are You Doing over There? I Can See What You’re (Not) Doing!”\nWhat’s behind the need to control? Simply put, the desire for\ncontrol is a phenomenon where an individual needs to have power\nover a situation in which either groups or individuals are present.\nThose who have control needs often feel extremely uneasy about\nhaving to adapt themselves to a group or a situation and will eagerly\ncome up with various strategies to avoid this.", "chunk_index": 137, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 505, "length_words": 88 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_138", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A common form of\nbehavior is to talk constantly, interrupting and ignoring others, in\norder to maintain control over the conversation.\nReds can probably be perceived as extremely overbearing, but\nit’s important to note they are interested in controlling those around\nthem, but not in controlling every specific detail of a situation.\n(Attention to or control over detail isn’t something we can accuse\nReds of.) But it is important for a Red to feel that he can influence\nwhat people do and how they intend to act on certain specific issues.\nAt the heart of this need for control is a belief that they know more\nthan anyone else. And because a Red feels he knows best, he will\nkeep tabs on everyone around him to ensure that they all do the right\nthing. The advantage for a Red is that he gets everything done his\nway.", "chunk_index": 138, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 817, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_139", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The disadvantage is obvious: everyone else feels controlled.\nSome people think it’s a good thing when someone else makes the\ndecisions and holds the baton, but others feel limited and just want\nto escape.\nMany years ago, I worked for a company in which one of the\nmiddle managers was quite Red. (She was also a bit Blue—see the\nsection on Blue behavior.) When she delegated tasks to the\nemployees the effect was quite amusing. She usually had no\nproblem relinquishing certain things; she was even good at\ndelegating enjoyable tasks, something many executives can find\ndifficult. However, since she was Red, she was very quick in thought\nand action. In practice, this meant that she hung around after she\nhad delegated a specific task—and if the task wasn’t done\nimmediately she would simply go and do it herself. When the\nemployee in question got to that item on his to-do list, he often\ndiscovered that it had already been done.", "chunk_index": 139, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_140", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Note: The deadline hadn’t\nbeen reached yet.\nBecause this middle manager was Red-Blue, she did a much\nbetter job than what the employee would have had he been given\nthe chance. Red means fast; Blue means high quality in\nimplementation. Unfortunately, criticism of the employee’s\nsluggishness was not slow in coming. As the Blue part of this\nmanager was precise with the details and the Red part gave criticism\nvery readily, she was perceived as quite rigid. Which brings us on to\nthe next section.\n“I Try to Care About You, but It Would Help If You Were a Little More\nInteresting.”\nHave you ever met a person completely without feelings? No, I\nthought so. Once again—Reds are not typical relational people.\nNothing wrong with that, as long as the person you are\ncommunicating with has the same focus as you.", "chunk_index": 140, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 806, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_141", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But if a Red speaks\nto a pronounced relational person, like a Yellow or a Green, he can\nbe perceived as very coldhearted or inhuman.\nLet me illustrate this with an example from my own personal\nexperience.\nI had a colleague, whom I always appreciated very much (notice\nthat I start with the positives, to avoid ruffling feathers—very Swedish\nof me) and still have great respect for as a professional but also as a\ngood friend. Okay, it’s the infamous Björn again.\nA few years ago, we were having a tough period in the company.\nFall had been a difficult and strenuous time: long days, late nights,\nand frequent weekend work. We had worn ourselves out, we had\nworn one another out, and we had worn out our respective families.\nWe were on our knees. We really deserved a quiet and restful\nholiday season.\nFor the company holiday party we went to a Japanese restaurant.\nWe had taken our shoes off and were sitting on cushions, each\nholding a glass of sake in his hands.", "chunk_index": 141, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_142", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In typical Swedish fashion, we\nlooked at the menus while, at the same time, keeping an eye on\nwhat the others were thinking of ordering. Of course, most of us\ndidn’t want to order something that no one else chose.\nExcept for Björn. He glanced quickly through the menu and\ndeclared what he had in mind. He was ready now and quickly grew\nweary of those of us who hadn’t decided yet. Needing something to\ndo, he started a conversation. At the time, my daughter had just\nchanged schools, and Björn was inquisitive.\n“How did everything go with the new school? How’s the little\nlassie doing?” Pleasantly surprised by his concern for my daughter, I\nstarted to tell him. After about twenty seconds I noted that Björn’s\neyes began to wander. He looked around the restaurant with a facial\nexpression that said: Why is he telling me this?\nHe looked at me with a smile I interpreted as You know me. You\nknow how I function.", "chunk_index": 142, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 911, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_143", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I don’t actually want to talk any more about that!\nAnd he quickly began talking about something completely different.\nOrdinarily, I should have been a little bit offended, maybe even\ninsulted. How can anyone be so insensitive? Especially when the\nother person is talking about something that he himself inquired\nabout?\nDoes this mean that Björn is coldhearted or that he cares nothing\nfor other people? Not at all. He cares just as much as anyone else,\nbut when he realized that everything was fine with my daughter he\nsimply lost interest. In usual fashion, he announced that the channel\nof communication was closed. Instead of sitting there hemming and\nhawing, pretending to be interested in more or less meaningless\ndetails, he said exactly what he felt.\nRemember that we’re talking about interpretations and\nperceptions here. The intention behind a particular behavior is one\nthing; how we as recipients perceive it is another.", "chunk_index": 143, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 931, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_144", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Personally, I just\nwanted to laugh the whole thing off, because I knew Björn very well.\nI knew that he would never dream of hurting anyone deliberately.\nWhen he tramples on people’s toes from time to time it’s never\nintentional—it just happens. In reality, he is one of the warmest and\nmost generous people I have ever met. It’s just that you have to\nknow him to understand this.\nWhat would have been the correct answer to Bjorn’s question\nabout my daughter?\n“Great.”\nIt would have been enough.\n“It Takes Strength to Be Alone, and I’m the Strongest of You All.”\nThe word “egotistic” comes from the Latin word “ego,” meaning\n“I.” My I is, therefore, my ego. Linguistically, we have consequently\nchosen to put some kind of equal sign between people with strong\negos and being selfish. Naturally, there are many people in our world\nwho are selfish and egotistical.", "chunk_index": 144, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 861, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_145", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The world is teeming with them.\nAgain, I want you to remember that we are speaking here about\nperceived behavior.\nIf we look at how a Red communicates, we can understand why\nmany perceive him as egotistic:\n• “I think we should accept this proposal.”\n• “I want that assignment.”\n• “This is what I think about it.”\n• “I have a good idea.”\n• “Will we do this my way or the wrong way?”\nAdd a sharp eye and distinctive body language and you will see\nsomeone who will take what he wants. He will fight for his interests.\nHe will tell everyone who will listen that he is capable of doing\nwhatever he undertakes. Some people, especially Greens, find that\nthis “I” form of speaking is unsettling. A Red’s “I” message occupies\ntheir minds. (They share this trait with Yellows, who also have strong\negos.)\nBut we’ve learned to take care of one another. We know that\nbeing solitary is not the same thing as being strong, that we need\none another to survive.", "chunk_index": 145, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_146", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Cooperation is the model, and I’ve preached\nthis for over two decades. So we think it’s egotistic when Reds speak\nonly about themselves. They make sure to help themselves before\nhelping others. They are often willing to trample on someone else if\nthey see an opportunity to advance themselves. They may not do\nthis consciously, but the effect is the same.\nReds often come out the winners in discussions. They see this as\na natural part of a conversation. They always know best and will\nassert that everyone else is wrong. It suits their ego to behave this\nway. The aftermath of this method is that they lose friends, people\ncan dislike them, and they are cut off from information because no\none wants them in the group. Once they’ve noticed this, they may\nwell just decide that all the other people are idiots.\nA few years ago, I was one of six people who was seated at the\ntable having an evening meal. In some anguish, a man, Green-Blue,\ntold me he was not feeling well.", "chunk_index": 146, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 972, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_147", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He couldn’t live up to the\nresponsibilities his employer laid on his shoulders. He was hard-\npressed by his burdensome workload, and he found it difficult to\nsleep at night. This caused even more stress for him because he\nknew that if he didn’t get a good night’s rest it would be even harder\nfor him to perform at work. His wife, sitting beside him, tried to hide\nher discomfort. The situation was certainly not comfortable for\nanyone in the room. Everyone at the table offered encouraging\nremarks along with cautious questions about how he thought he\nmight be able to reverse the difficult situation. We all expressed our\nsupport as far as we could.\nExcept for the Red. After ten minutes, the only Red at the table\nfinally had enough and tore into the distraught, stressed-out little\ndevil.\nThe Red’s analysis was as clear as day: “I think you complain too\nmuch. You’re just earning your salary.", "chunk_index": 147, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_148", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I’ve never been sick, and I\nthink people worry too much; I would never end up in your situation,\nand I really think you should pull yourself together.”\nWhat a dinner that was! Let’s be honest—Reds are the ones who\nalways believe they are surrounded by idiots.\nHow Yellow People Are Perceived\nFunny, entertaining, and almost divinely positive. Absolutely. Again—\nthis is their own interpretation. If you ask other people about Yellows,\nyou may well get a somewhat different picture. Many people will\nagree with what you have read up to now, but you will also hear\nother comments. It’s especially fun to ask the Blues. They will say\nthat Yellows are selfish, superficial, and overly self-confident.\nSomeone else will say that they talk too much and are bad listeners.\nCombine that with the observation that they can be distracted and\ncareless. Suddenly the picture is not as flattering.\nWhen a Yellow hears these comments, one of two things can\nhappen.", "chunk_index": 148, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_149", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Either he gets deeply distressed and genuinely hurt, or he\nsets off a ferocious argument. It depends. What’s striking is that,\nover time, none of this criticism will really torment a Yellow very\nmuch. On the one hand, he’s a bad listener, and on the other hand,\nhe has what some psychologists might call a selective memory. He\nsimply forgets the difficult bits, and with his positive ethos he finds it\neasy to say to himself that he doesn’t have any faults or\nshortcomings.\nLet’s have a look at what Yellows struggle with—even if they don’t\nalways know it.\n“Hello, Anyone There? Listen to What Happened to Me! You Want to Know,\nRight?”\nAt the beginning of this chapter, I pointed out that Yellows are\nvery good communicators. I would like to repeat that now.\nYellows are very good communicators. With an emphasis on\n“very.” None of the other colors come close to the Yellows’ ease in\nfinding words, expressing themselves, and telling a story.", "chunk_index": 149, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_150", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It comes\nso easily, so simply, so effortlessly, that you can’t help being\nimpressed. It’s common knowledge that most people don’t like\nspeaking in front of others. They get heart palpitations and sweaty\npalms, terrified of making fools of themselves. This is totally alien to\nYellows. Making fools of themselves isn’t part of the deal, and if the\nimprobable were to happen you could always laugh it off with\nanother amusing anecdote.\nHowever, it may be too much of a good thing. Regardless of what\nyou are good at, there is a limit, a time to break off. Yellows,\nespecially those without self-awareness, don’t have such a limit. It\nwould never even occur to them to wrap up; if they have something\nto say, out it comes. The fact that no one else thinks it’s important is\nneither here nor there.\nA Yellow behaves exactly like most people—he does what he’s\ngood at. And he is good at talking. There are countless examples of\nYellows who completely dominate a conversation.", "chunk_index": 150, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 970, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_151", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Then add a hefty\ndose of poor listening and an interesting (read: one-sided)\ncommunication takes place.\nMany people become hugely frustrated by this limitless verbosity.\nIt’s often perceived as egocentrism. The terms “windbag,” “verbal\ndiarrhea,” and “motormouth” were more than likely coined with\nYellows in mind.\nCountless times I’ve experienced the following: A group of people\nare sitting around a boardroom table. The top dog in the room\nexpresses an idea; it can be about anything at all. When the time\ncomes for comments, all the Yellows will reinforce the idea by\nrepeating the exact same thing, possibly with their own words. (I\nwould like to say to the women reading this that I am aware of the\nfact that this is more male behavior than female.) Why do they do\nthat? Well, first, it’s important to signal when you are in agreement,\nand second, they can say it so much better.\nA few years ago, I was with a management team studying group\ndynamics.", "chunk_index": 151, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 956, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_152", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I had just purchased a cell phone with a stopwatch. Using\nthis, I could time who had spoken in the group and for how long.\nIn the room were the CEO and his seven closest associates.\nPeter, the sales manager, was really Yellow and he had only had one\npoint of the nineteen on the agenda. Take a good look at the ratio\n1:19. This represents around 5.3 percent of the agenda.\nThe CEO opened the meeting, but pretty soon a clear pattern\nemerged. Peter had opinions about every single item on the agenda.\nI used my stopwatch and was fascinated by what I saw. He spoke 69\npercent of the time. Yes. It’s true. Thirty-one percent went to the\nother seven, including the CEO himself.\nIf you’re Yellow, you may have already charged on ahead in this\nbook, because you possibly recognized yourself and thought that\nthis was a very unfair example. Everyone else is wondering how\nthat’s even possible.", "chunk_index": 152, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 886, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_153", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "How can one person dominate the conversation\nso fully? It’s possible because Yellows have no problems delivering\nopinions, views, and advice regardless of whether they know\nanything about the subject or not. A Yellow has a generous approach\nto his own ability—when an idea pops up in his head, he simply\nopens his mouth.\nPeople say that for Reds thought and action are the same thing.\nFor Yellows, I would suggest the idea that thought and speech are\ninterrelated. What Yellows share is often completely unprocessed\nmaterial that just tumbles out of the big opening on their faces. Sure,\nit might be well thought out, but it’s usually not. What’s most\ndeceptive is that, almost without exception, it sounds very good.\nYellows know a thing or two about presenting an idea so that it\nalways sounds fantastic.", "chunk_index": 153, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 806, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_154", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you’re unfamiliar with this particular\nperson, you may very well take everything he says as true—a\nserious mistake.\nVery often a Yellow is both entertaining and inspiring, and as I\nsaid, they can inspire people to new ideas. But should you get into a\nconversation with a Yellow, you need to be observant so that when\nhe catches his breath you can quickly insert a comment. Or simply\nclose the meeting.\n“I Know It Looks Messy, but There’s a Method to the Madness!”\nA Yellow would hardly admit that he’s careless. But he has no\nnatural way to keep track of things. He finds working in a structured\nway boring. Then you have to fit the mold and follow the template. If\nthere is anything that Yellows avoid, it’s feeling controlled by fixed\nsystems.\nThe solution is to keep everything in your head, which doesn’t\nwork. It’s not possible to remember everything. So inevitably the\nYellow forgets and those around him think he’s careless.", "chunk_index": 154, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 934, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_155", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Missed\nappointments, forgotten deadlines, and half-finished projects all\nbecause once his mind has finished the task he doesn’t go\nbackwards. He goes forward. Leaps to the next project. Deals with\nother things.\nDetails. To complete a project, you usually need to be precise\nabout details. Yellows don’t like keeping track of details. I would even\nventure to say that they’re not interested in details. They paint with\nbroad strokes.\nGenerally, Yellows are very good at launching things. They’re\nresourceful, and with boundless creativity at their disposal, they can\nkick off various kinds of projects. But they’re not as good at finishing\nthings. Finishing anything 100 percent requires an ability to\nconcentrate that a Yellow rarely possesses. He gets tired and moves\non. And so we think that he’s careless. He thinks that his work is\ngood enough.", "chunk_index": 155, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 848, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_156", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "My goodness, why worry about trifles? This turned out\nquite well, after all! The fact that threads are hanging from the shirt\nor that the document is full of spelling errors is not as important as\nthinking up new things.\nThis is repeated in many different spheres. I have a few\nacquaintances who are hopeless at keeping time. They are always\npleased and excited to think things up, but they are optimists when it\ncomes to time. It makes absolutely no difference what time you\nsuggest; they will not be on time. Seven o’clock, half past seven, or\neight. It’s unimportant. They’re late regardless. And when they talk\nabout it, they haggle down their late arrival from forty-five minutes to\na little over fifteen minutes. After a while, they actually believe it\nthemselves.", "chunk_index": 156, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 770, "length_words": 133 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_157", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But it doesn’t matter—the rest of us wait patiently\nbecause their presence will be the highlight of the evening.\n“Look, I Can Juggle All the Balls at the Same Time!”\nWe need to talk a little about Yellow’s inability to concentrate.\nHe’s always prepared for new experiences. This is the downside to\nthe incredible openness Yellows have for new things, ideas, and\nimpressions. There are so many new things!\nAnd because “new” is synonymous with “good” for a Yellow, it’s\nbest that something new happens all the time. Otherwise, our Yellow\nfriend will lose focus. He can’t be bothered listening to the whole\nstory, the background, and all the details and facts that may actually\nbe relevant. It’s not interesting to him, and he will lose his\nconcentration.\nWhat does he do then? Simple. Something else. He throws up\nanother ball to juggle. The problem with all these balls is that he\nmight be able to keep them in the air for a while, but he can’t get\nthem down into the right box at the right time.", "chunk_index": 157, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_158", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Instead, he leaves the\nroom and the juggled balls tumble down right into someone else’s\nlap. In a meeting, he may very well start playing with his mobile\nphone or his computer or will start chatting to the person beside him.\nSoftly at first, thinking that no one will notice anything. It’s not true, of\ncourse; everyone gets quite irritated. But if no one says anything he’ll\njust continue. Here Yellows are like little children. They are good at\ntesting the limits. They continue until someone becomes too angry\nand puts his foot down. And, of course, then the Yellow feels hurt.\nHe just wanted to …\nThe way Yellows often quickly get bored can have far greater\nconsequences than a little disruptive behavior during meetings.\nThey’re not good at everyday trivial things like administration and\nfollow-ups. As usual, most Yellows would contest what I just wrote. In\ntheir own eyes, they are the masters even here.", "chunk_index": 158, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_159", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But if we consider\nthe ability to follow up, this could be a serious threat to the effective\nimplementation of a project.\nNew project—great! Put together a new and dynamic team full of\ninteresting people—check! Get everything going and develop ideas\nand concepts—are you kidding? Already done that! Working like\ncrazy in the beginning to really get things sped up? Yup. But then?\nFollowing up on what is actually happening or not happening in a\nproject is extremely boring. That means looking backwards; that’s\ndull, and it won’t happen. A Yellow can’t keep his concentration long\nenough to follow through. He would rather persuade himself that it’s\nimportant to have confidence in people and just trust that the project\ngets done\nA funny example happened once when I coached sales reps at a\nlarge commercial TV channel. I sat with a female seller, a clever\nyoung woman who made big business deals.", "chunk_index": 159, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 898, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_160", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "We had identified\nsome weaknesses in her behavior profile—after she had struggled to\nconvince me that even bad traits could be quite good—and now\nstarted to make a plan for how she would proceed in her personal\ndevelopment.\nIt began to fall apart on the first point: When would she begin?\nShe couldn’t start that day because it was already past three in\nthe afternoon. And tomorrow was full of meetings. It had to be next\nweek. But she was away then. Maybe the week after that; she would\ncheck her calendar and see.\nShe had lost the match before she had even begun.\n“Me! Me!! Me!!!”\nYellows aren’t necessarily more selfish than others, but they\nalways seem to be. Why? Mostly because of their dialogue, since\nthey primarily talk about themselves.", "chunk_index": 160, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 746, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_161", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And when other people are not\nsufficiently interesting and exciting, a Yellow will interrupt and guide\nthe topic towards something far more interesting—not infrequently\nhimself.\nI remember a seller I encountered during a conference with a\npharmaceutical company a few years ago. Gustav exhibited all of the\nless successful aspects of Yellow behavior, and the problem was that\nhe was completely unaware of it. He very rarely spoke about\nanything but himself and the things he had done, and he behaved as\nif he were the one who was leading the conference and not me. I\nhave my methods to deal with those boys. But it’s amusing to study\nthem for a while before I adjust their behavior with a few choice\nwords during the first break.\nA few examples: Every time I put a question to the group, Gustav\nanswered. His quick answers would have indicated engagement—if\nit had not been for the fact that he was often actually spewing\nnonsense. He simply said the things that popped into his head.", "chunk_index": 161, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 984, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_162", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He\ncouldn’t keep his thoughts in his own head, and everything just\ntumbled out. When I directed my attention to one of Gustav’s\ncolleagues instead of him, he simply leaned into my field of vision\nand continued talking.\nWhen I began directing questions to specific people in the room—\nsimply calling them by name—Gustav answered anyway. Pretty\nimpressive, right? He would speak for a while and then ask Sven,\n“That’s what you were going to say, right, Sven?” Sven just shook his\nhead. He was used to this. Gustav continued like that the whole\nmorning before I could rein in him. He just charged in whenever\nthere was a gap or a few seconds’ silence.\nHe never allowed anyone to speak and everything he said was to\nbe taken as gospel truth. He dominated the room without even\nthinking about the other nineteen people. The funny thing was that\neveryone was aware of what was going on. But no one had the\nenergy to stand up to Gustav.", "chunk_index": 162, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_163", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They just stared at me with slight\ndesperation in their eyes, hoping that I had some way of silencing\nhim.\nDuring lunch, he proclaimed far and wide, so that everyone heard\nit, that he thought the conference was going very well. By that point\nthe majority of the group hated the very sound of his voice. They\ncould barely put up with him. To save them from their suffering, I had\nto have a quick feedback intervention with him during the coffee\nbreak—something you’ll learn more about when I discuss giving\nfeedback.\n“You Never Told Me That, I Would Remember!”\nIf a Yellow is anything, it’s a bad listener. They’re really miserable\nat it, in point of fact. Many Yellows I have met say that they are very\ngood listeners—and of course supplied entertaining examples of this\nundeniable fact—but maybe it could be their memory that was at\nfault.", "chunk_index": 163, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 840, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_164", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Basically, they believe that they listen very well, but somewhere\nalong the way to the brain’s storage shelves whatever they heard\nsimply gets lost—poof!\nNo, it’s not about memory. It’s about how a Yellow is often\nuninterested in what others say because he knows he could say it so\nmuch better himself. He doesn’t stay focused; he begins thinking\nabout other things, begins doing other things. He does not want to\nlisten—he wants to talk.\nThey’re also quite childish in that they only like doing things that\nare enjoyable. If a statement or story or just a normal conversation is\nboring, then they close their ears. Of course, there’s a remedy—take\na course in entertaining rhetoric; then you may be able to keep your\nYellow friend’s, partner’s, or colleague’s attention. If you can present\nyour message in a more amusing way, he’ll at least remain seated a\nbit longer.", "chunk_index": 164, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 869, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_165", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Rhetoric isn’t the art of talking but rather the art of getting\nothers to listen.\nIf you have a good friend whom at this stage you have identified\nas Yellow, you know exactly what I’m talking about. In mid-sentence,\nhe opens his mouth and starts talking about something completely\ndifferent. Bad memory? No, you were simply being tedious. But truly\n—add a bad memory into the equation and we really are in trouble.\nMany truly successful people in society are often better listeners\nthan the general average. They don’t willingly talk as much as they\nlisten. They already know what they know, and to learn more they\nsimply have to hush up and hear what others are saying. It’s a way\nto absorb new knowledge. This is something Yellows need to\nunderstand better if they’re not to be perceived as completely\nhopeless—or just stagnant in their personal development. They\nmust, for example, listen to the message I have presented in this last\nsection.", "chunk_index": 165, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_166", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If they refuse to take it in just because it is a difficult and\npossibly a boring message, they’ll never learn anything.\nHow Green People Are Perceived\nSo what do others—other colors—think about Greens? The picture\nis ambivalent. Besides the fact that they are considered pleasant,\nfriendly, and caring, there are other opinions. A person who, out of\nfear of conflict, says yes but means no—how do you handle him?\nHow do you know what he really thinks?\nReds and Yellows especially have problems with what I call the\nsilent resistance. Remaining silent rather than speaking out. Certain\nGreens, however, tend to tell the truth behind the back of the person\nconcerned. Therefore, others can perceive a Green as dishonest,\neven though their intention is only to avoid conflict. In general,\nGreens always expect the worst and therefore tend to lie low.\nThen we have the Green’s inability to change.", "chunk_index": 166, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 894, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_167", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When a Green\nunderstands the need for change but still says no thanks, that leads\nthose closest to him to think that he is afraid of change, stubborn,\nunconcerned, and indifferent. As usual, we are talking about\nperceptions. If we ask Reds what they think about Greens, there will\nbe some heavy opinions.\nPigheadedness Will Never Be a Virtue\nWhat do you do with a person who never changes his views?\nEver? Not even when the facts indicate that it’s time to take a\ndifferent path? How do you handle someone whose resolve to\ncontinue on the present course has completely taken over?\nThe difference between Greens and Blues is that while a Blue\nholds out for more facts about an issue, Greens expect everything to\nsimply blow over, since they refuse to change their minds. They’ve\nmade a decision about something and will not concede.", "chunk_index": 167, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 831, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_168", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Why?\nBecause they don’t usually do that.\nThink about it: It may have taken you your whole life to come to a\nparticular opinion about the dangerous cholesterol in food, about\nspace travel, or about Britney Spears. Suddenly this guy comes\nalong and says that you should exchange your current opinion for\nhis.\nIt’s not going to happen. The Green is waiting for the right feeling\nto come over him before he makes any changes. If it doesn’t, well …\nthey’re often rather patient.\nLet me tell you about a young man, the son in a family I’ve known\nvery well for many years. This guy is reasonably good in school; his\ngrades are okay. He has many pals.\nAt the outset, I would like to point out that when we speak about\nyoung people, in this case a teenager, we must be careful. This isn’t\na fully developed behavior profile or character. Young people still\nhave things to learn about life in general.", "chunk_index": 168, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 891, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_169", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "All impressions are not\ndefinitive.\nSo what’s the problem?\nThis young man has his own ideas about what is true and false.\nAnd wild horses couldn’t get him to change his mind. It may be\nsomething he heard from a friend or something he saw on television\nor something he picked up in school. When this knowledge or idea,\nirrespective of its source, has been established in his consciousness,\nit can’t be dislodged. It makes no difference how often his parents\npoint out the facts or how tough they are when they present the\nevidence—his point of view is clear. It doesn’t even matter if they\npoint out the danger in this or that way of thinking; he persists in his\nbelief.\nThink about it. You supply all the available facts, and the guy says\nthat he understands. He agrees that it sounds logical. Other people\ncould feasibly do it that way, with good results. But still, he’s not\nprepared to change his point of view.", "chunk_index": 169, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 914, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_170", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Some people would call this\npigheadedness.\nWhat’s the reason for this? Excellent question. It may be a result\nof where he first got the information. If a friend says that you can\nearn just as much money collecting trash as a newly qualified doctor\ncan earn, it doesn’t really matter if it’s true or not. If the same friend\nsuggests that you can’t be arrested for drunk driving if you drive your\ncar after drinking three beers, then this becomes the truth, even if\nwe, with all the facts at our disposal, know that this is simply not the\ncase.\nIf this guy is told that he’ll get a terrific job if he just works a little\nharder at mathematics, it becomes true. If he got this info from his\nbest mate, it simply has to be true. If a Green trusts in a particular\nindividual, that individual’s word becomes law. This makes it easy to\nexploit Greens, because they can be a little naïve and gullible.", "chunk_index": 170, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 893, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_171", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And\nunfortunately, certain people take advantage of this fact.\nSometimes this obstinacy becomes a strength, no doubt about\nthat. But when those around them perceive it as pure\npigheadedness, it can create problems.\n“Why Bother? Nothing Is Worth Caring About.”\nSince Greens rarely make the first move and almost always allow\nothers to step up first, you can easily get the impression that a Green\nis not especially interested or engaged. And often that’s the case. He\nis more passive than he is active, and this has an impact on his\nbehavior. Not much is going on there.\nAnd what does it really matter? If you stay at home—nothing can\nreally go wrong then, right? What Greens fail to see is that most\nother people want to do things. They assume that everyone thinks as\nthey do and stays on the sofa. They are satisfied with doing nothing.\nAnything that upsets this standpoint becomes a threat.", "chunk_index": 171, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_172", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The result?\nEven more passivity.\nOn one occasion, I heard a Red-Yellow boss describe his\nemployees as uninspired and uninterested in their work. It tormented\nhim because no matter how hard he tried to entice and insist, they\nnever left the starting block. He presented numerous ideas—some of\nwhich were very interesting—but nothing happened. It can be like\nthat with Greens. They recognize a good idea as quickly as anyone\nelse. But, for example, while their Red colleagues sprint off with the\nbaton, a Green just sits and waits. Often they’re waiting for the right\nfeeling to convince them of an idea’s merit and if that doesn’t\nhappen, well … they wouldn’t do anything anyway, so they get what\nthey want. Why not just wait and see if the urge to act goes away?\nThis particular boss called in his employees and asked them how\nthey viewed the business. He was worried about the evident lack of\ndiscernible commitment.", "chunk_index": 172, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 917, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_173", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A couple of the men, who were lower\nmiddle age, said straight-out that they couldn’t think of anything that\nwas worth getting involved in. The boss became extremely\nfrustrated. He tried everything but got virtually no reaction.\nThis can also happen in a marriage. There are stereotypes for\neverything. Like that some women might be drawn to the strong,\nsilent type, for example. Nothing wrong with that. But after they’re\nmarried and she realizes that this is all that he is—strong and silent\n—she may not be as happy. And when she makes plans and he\nsays he doesn’t care, she gets frustrated. And so she makes even\nbigger plans. And he clutches the armrests on his favorite recliner\neven harder.\nThis is the paradox. The bigger the plans, the less likely it is that\na Green will commit. All he wants is peace and quiet.\nHere’s an example: I’ve been writing fiction for twenty years and\nreally hoped to become a published author one day. Everyone in the\nfamily knew this.", "chunk_index": 173, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_174", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Not that I made a huge deal out of it, but I didn’t\nhide my ambitions, either. One Green close to me understood how\nimportant it was for me to succeed. I have repeatedly spoken about\nmy dream, explaining how it would make me feel if I succeeded as\nan author of fiction. Yet this Green never asked how my writing was\ngoing. Maybe a comment every five years that I shouldn’t take things\nso seriously or I will only be disappointed. And when I said things\nlike: “This year it will happen. Now is the time, damn it. I’ve got to\nwork harder to succeed!” the response was: “Wow. That’s a lot of\nwork.” Lots of work is a Green’s greatest enemy, just because that’s\nexactly what it is—work. They live in a mind-set that everything\nshould be easy.\nThis form of indifference and lack of commitment can kill the\nenthusiasm of even the most inspired person. I had to learn to rely\non others to find the energy to struggle on with my writing. But a\nGreen doesn’t understand this.", "chunk_index": 174, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 966, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_175", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He doesn’t want people to be too\ninvolved, because it’s just bothersome. Instead, let’s just sit here and\ndo … nothing.\nWhat’s Thought in Secret Is Said in Secret\nGreens are reluctant to take a position on sensitive issues. They\nhave just as many views and opinions as anyone else, but they don’t\nlike shouting them from the rooftops. The reason is simple—it can\ncause a fuss.\nThe consequence of this tendency is a rather abstruse manner of\nexpressing themselves. Instead of saying, “That’s impossible,” they\nmay respond with something like, “It appears that there are a few\nchallenges in delivering that.” Sure, both statements mean the same\nthing: “We won’t manage to do it in time.” But by using a less direct\nmeans of expression, you take fewer risks. If you take a clear stance\non something, then you have to stand up for it.\nFor a Green, it’s better to be safe than sorry. By expressing\nhimself ambiguously, he avoids taking responsibility for the matter in\nquestion.", "chunk_index": 175, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 973, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_176", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He doesn’t have to risk his good name if he’s uncertain. If\nhe hasn’t taken a position in support of something, he also hasn’t\ntaken any position against something. You hear how illogical this\nsounds, right? But if you’re Green, you know exactly what I mean. A\nwoman I met once said that she believed what everyone else\nbelieved.\nBut are Greens perceived as unclear just because they want to\nsave a relationship? No, not at all. Greens just aren’t as precise as\nthe other colors. When a Red says that he absolutely hates listening\nto Eminem, a Green would say that he remembers better singers.\nWhen a Blue says that he has lost five pounds since last Tuesday\nmorning at 10:03, a Green says that he’s lost a few pounds lately.\nThis is because Greens are not as task oriented as Reds and\nBlues. Greens don’t speak about facts in the same way. They would\nrather speak about relationships and feelings, which makes it more\ndifficult to be precise.", "chunk_index": 176, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_177", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "How do you measure a feeling? Saying, “I love\nyou exactly twelve percent more than last month,” is just not going to\nwork.\n“I Know I Should Change This Immediately, but I’ll Just Think About It for a\nWhile.”\nHere we have the most difficult stumbling block. If you want to\nmake changes in a group consisting of many Greens, good luck. If\nit’s a major change, you should consider whether it’s really worth the\neffort. If it’s urgent, you can forget the whole thing. This is what\nhappens in the mind of a Green:\n• I know what I have but not what I’ll get.\n• It was better before.\n• I’ve never done this before.\n• The grass is not always greener on the other side.\nSound familiar? Sure, not all changes are for the better, but let’s\nbe reasonable! I’m not saying that it’s always wrong to express these\nsentiments, but when changes are really necessary it can be very\ndangerous.\nA classic cliché—a little worn now, I know—is to consider how\noften you change where you sit at the breakfast table.", "chunk_index": 177, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 185 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_178", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I used to ask\nthis question in the groups I met. Many smiled and said that they sat\nwhere they usually sit because it just happened. Sure, I do the same\nthing sometimes. But if someone were to point out that I was stuck in\na rigid habit (or bad habit) I would do something about it. A Green,\nhowever, doesn’t correct himself.\nWhen you look at a Green’s reaction to the question, you’ll\nunderstand that we’re faced with a problem. I’ve seen adults become\nwhite in the face, wiping their foreheads at the mere thought of sitting\non the other side of the table. I’ve even worked with a man, Sune,\nwho had such a meticulous lunchtime routine that if he couldn’t\nfollow it precisely the rest of the day was shrouded in sheer\ndarkness. Sune had a favorite lunch spot beneath a painting. He sat\nthere every day at lunchtime, week in, week out, month out and year\nin. Always the same chair.\nIf he came into the dining room and saw that his spot was\noccupied, he would stop short.", "chunk_index": 178, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_179", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If he saw this quickly enough, he’d\nturn towards his backup location, not as good but still an acceptable\nspot, near a window. If he were forced to have his soup there, he\nwould glare throughout the meal at whoever had nicked “his” spot.\nOf course, he never said anything. Instead, he just sulked the rest of\nthe day. This is another thing Greens often do—turn frustration\ninwards and feel awful so that everyone notices it. If Sune’s backup\nspot was also occupied, he would just go back into the kitchen, the\nrest of his day ruined.\nLet me give you another example. My mother—departed but\nnever forgotten; we’ll never stop loving you, our darling mother—who\nwas nothing if not Green, was always willing to help and took care of\nher grandchildren whenever needed, especially when they were\nlittle. I remember one time when my wife and I were invited to dinner\non a Friday night.", "chunk_index": 179, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_180", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I had asked my mother to watch the kids weeks in\nadvance because I knew that she needed time to mentally prepare\nherself for it.\nOn the day the dinner was to take place, the hostess called: Her\nhusband was sick, and the whole thing was postponed. When I\nphoned my mum, I explained to her what had happened. We would\nbe staying home that night. She went completely silent. I said that I\nstill wanted her to come over because the children were excited to\nsee their grandma.\nMum was very hesitant. “What will happen now?” she asked.\nI said that it would be just like we had planned originally. Because\nher bag was packed and the guest room was ready, it would be a\nperfect opportunity to spend a little time together. She hesitated. “It\nwill be completely different now: You’re at home.” She was flustered\nby the change, and she needed time to think. She promised to\nphone back.\nWhat was really Mum’s problem? Our change of plans\nnecessitated no change for her at all.", "chunk_index": 180, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 965, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_181", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "She was still going to stay\novernight between Friday and Saturday. She could still see her\ngrandchildren. She would, however, avoid having any responsibility\nfor them. I tried to convince her that we could take care of her for\nonce, instead of her taking care of us.\nThis was a completely new situation for her. We were still there in\nthe house. And that was the problem. My wife and I would be there.\nMaybe Mum had her heart set on a watching a particular show on\ntelevision. Maybe she had thought about preparing a special meal\nfor the children. Maybe, I don’t know. She never said anything about\nit, so we can’t know for sure. But the change was serious enough to\nwarrant extra thinking time for her.\n(She came in the end. A nice little side story, quite possibly\nrelated to her generation: I fetched her at half past four. She asked\nwhy I came so late. I replied that I had promised to be there at five\no’clock and that I was actually half an hour early.", "chunk_index": 181, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_182", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Her response?\nShe’d been ready since four o’clock.)\n“I’ve Never Been So Upset, but for God’s Sake, Don’t Say Anything to\nAnyone.”\nThis is the second major dilemma with Green behavior. They\ndespise a squabble. This aversion to conflict also causes many other\nchallenges, such as stubbornness, ambiguity, and resistance to\nchange. Because Greens are pronounced relational people, nothing\nis more important to them than keeping a relationship together. The\nproblem is that their method doesn’t work.\nYou can look at conflicts in two ways. The first way is called the\nharmony outlook, or striving for harmony. Everything depends on\nbeing on good terms with others. Reaching an agreement is an end\nin itself. This means that those who cause conflict are problematic\ntroublemakers. Conflicts are indicative of poor leadership, poor\ncommunication, and discord. And so we smother conflict and\npretend that it doesn’t exist.", "chunk_index": 182, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_183", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Because who wants to be acquainted\nwith a troublemaker?\nI once met a coach who used an interesting metaphor for this\nkind of behavior. She said it was like sitting at the dinner table with a\nrotting pile of trash in the middle. You know, with mold and flies and\neverything. Everyone sees that the trash is there, but no one says\nanything. You brush away the flies and pass the food across the\nliquefying banana peels without thinking anything about it. Maybe by\nthe end someone wonders if there even really is a pile of trash on\nthe table at all. Finally, one of the dinner table guests says, “We have\nto do something about this!” That person becomes an agitator,\nbecause we now have to deal with this nasty mess of garbage.\nCouldn’t she have just kept quiet?\nNowadays we know better. The aspiration of having everyone in\nagreement about everything all the time is an impossible utopia, not\neven worth trying to achieve.", "chunk_index": 183, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 920, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_184", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Someone will lift the lid off all that\ndiscord that was so effectively and hermetically sealed for such a\nlong period of time—and what happens then? It stinks from a long\nway off. In the end the harmony outlook inevitably leads to conflict.\nThe second way, and the opposite to the first, is called the conflict\noutlook. It basically means that we accept that conflicts exist—that\nit’s natural. No group exists where everyone is always in agreement\nabout everything.\nThe whole point of the conflict outlook is to deal with every little\ndissentient issue as soon as it shows its head. Reds, and also some\nYellows, do this naturally. When they see something that doesn’t\nwork, they say that it doesn’t work. This means that problems can be\nresolved at an early stage. But you have to deal with the issue\nbefore it begins to stink.\nThe conflict approach usually creates harmony.\nBut a Green will just turn a deaf ear.", "chunk_index": 184, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 913, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_185", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll do everything in his\npower to maintain that magical feeling that everyone is in agreement.\nIt’s nicer when everyone agrees, isn’t it? Wouldn’t the world be so\nmuch better if there were no conflicts?\nConsider a situation all of us have experienced at some point.\nWe’re in a meeting at work. There are maybe ten people present in\nthe room. Add or subtract from this so that you recognize the\nsituation. Someone—the boss or anyone at all—has just completed\nhis presentation and now asks what everyone is thinking. Full of\nexpectation, he looks around, waiting for feedback.\nIf there are any Reds or Yellows in the room, they will speak\nabout their views on the proposal they’ve just seen. The Reds will\nlove it or loathe it. The Yellows will speak about their own reflections\non the proposal. One or two Blues might have a few questions.\nWhat do the Greens do? Absolutely nothing. They just lean back\nin their chairs and let themselves absorb the proposal.", "chunk_index": 185, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 959, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_186", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They say\nnothing at all unless asked a direct question. They look anxiously\naround, hoping that someone will say that this proposal is, in fact, an\nincomprehensible mess. The group is too large for them to trot out\nany dissenting opinions. To say something truly dramatic or negative\nwould mean that everyone’s eyes will be on you, and that’s not going\nto happen. If they say what they are really thinking, a heated debate\nwill erupt, and since a Green doesn’t want to take part in heated\ndebates—he doesn’t even want to be in the same room as one—he\nsimply keeps silent.\nHow will the speaker respond? He’ll assume that everyone is in\nagreement, right? What he doesn’t know is that half the people in the\nroom think it was the stupidest thing they have ever heard. When the\ntruth creeps out—it has to, sooner or later—guess what happens\nthen? Exactly—conflict.\nYou can be certain that while you are standing at the coffee\nmachine and maybe even while visiting the restroom the truth will\ncome out.", "chunk_index": 186, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_187", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When Greens need to relieve the pressure of not\nspeaking out, they talk behind your back. In small groups of two or\nthree people, they will gladly vent their displeasure. And they’re good\nat it. As long as they think they can escape your gaze, they’ll\nbackbite you in ways you would never expect from a Green.\nHow Blue People Are Perceived\nEven perfectionist Blue individuals receive criticism. It can be about\nhow they are perceived as evasive, defensive, perfectionist,\nreserved, fastidious, meticulous, hesitant, conservative, lacking\nindependence, questioning, suspicious, tedious, aloof, and\ncoldhearted. Ooph! The list of shortcomings found in these bastions\nof bureaucracy often tends to be quite long.\nBut mainly, Blues find it difficult to begin anything new because\nthey want to prepare very thoroughly. Everything involves risks, and\nBlues can be almost obsessed with details. Never place too many\nBlues in the same group.", "chunk_index": 187, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_188", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They’ll plan into the next century without\never putting a shovel to the ground.\nFurthermore, many Blues are perceived as highly critical and\nalmost suspicious. They miss nothing, and they have a tendency to\ndeliver their observations in an insensitive fashion. They create\nquality work, but their hairsplitting, critical approach to almost\neverything lowers the morale of those around them to dangerously\nlow levels. These are people who consider themselves to be realists.\nWhen they—in everyone else’s eyes—are, in fact, pessimists.\n“Ninety-five Percent Right Is Actually 100 Percent Wrong.”\nLet’s be honest from the start. All this keeping track of facts and\nfocusing on details can go too far. There are limits to when it’s\nreasonable to keep researching. Do you remember the CEO who\nwanted to buy leadership training? He never left the starting block.\nBlues want to have all the information on everything, and this can\nlead to problems with those around them.", "chunk_index": 188, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 963, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_189", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "People who would be\nsatisfied with good enough simply can’t cope with hearing all those\nquestions and all this relentless poking into details. A Blue believes\nthat good enough is never really good enough.\nI enjoy working around the house—changing the decor, hanging\nwallpaper every now and then. A few years ago, we remodeled our\nkitchen, and even though I got tremendous help from my family, I did\nquite a lot myself. I worked and toiled and was quite happy when it\nwas finished. For a DIYer, I thought I managed it quite well.\nHans, a good friend of mine, came by. We’ve known each other\nfor many years, and he’s very much on the ball. He knew that I’d\nworked very hard and that I felt quite pleased with myself. When he\ncame into my kitchen, he looked around and said quietly, “New\nkitchen? Looks good. That cupboard door is crooked.”\nOkay, so maybe it wasn’t nice to hear that. But for Hans, it was\nthe highest form of logic.", "chunk_index": 189, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_190", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He observed a mistake and his sense of\nperfection meant that he couldn’t ignore it. Besides, he is not a\ntypical relational person, so he couldn’t help saying things as they\nwere. He wasn’t directly criticizing me, only something I had done.\nNamely, not fitting the cupboard door straight.\nFastidiousness can be expressed in various ways: It can be a\nperson who can’t cope with papers that aren’t perfectly aligned on a\ndesk, who rewrites an email about fifteen times to get it truly perfect,\nor who works for hours on a simple Excel spreadsheet or\nPowerPoint presentation, just giving it the finishing touches.\nThey Never Finish Anything. There’s Always More to Do.\nOnce, I was holding a communication training program for a\ngroup of people, all of who were working in the same room. The\ngroup consisted of about twenty people. The first afternoon, I handed\nout the results of the behavior analysis that each of them had taken\nearlier.", "chunk_index": 190, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_191", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Everyone read about themselves with increasing fascination,\nand most of them seemed very satisfied.\nExcept for one lady. She was extremely upset by her analysis. It\nwas, in fact, completely incorrect. After confirming with her that it\nwas okay to discuss it in front of the whole group, I asked what it was\nshe was displeased with.\n“There’s so much that’s incorrect,” she told us. For example, the\nanalysis revealed that she could be a perfectionist. She wasn’t like\nthat at all. I noticed the tiny smiles appearing on people’s faces.\nApparently, her colleagues knew something she didn’t.\nI asked her why she thought that the analysis maintained she was\na perfectionist. She had no idea. The whole thing was a complete\nmystery. It was a totally useless tool.\nRealizing that the woman was Blue, I was careful not to argue too\nmuch. She wouldn’t take me at my word. I was just some random\nconsultant who had been working with this tool for a measly twenty\nyears.", "chunk_index": 191, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_192", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What did I know?\nInstead, I asked her to give an example showing that she was not\na perfectionist. No problem, she had plenty. For example, she had\nthree children, each of who had three best pals. When she came\nhome in the evenings, there were so many shoes piled up inside the\nfront door that she had to do the high jump to get in. She began by\nshaking the dirt off the doormat and putting the shoes in order. She\nconfided in me that she used to put size 10 at the back, as those\nguys went home last, so it seemed most logical. She placed the\nsmaller sizes closest to the door in neat rows.\nThen she went into the kitchen. What did she see there? Crumbs\neverywhere. All of these youngsters had been eating sandwiches,\nand the kitchen looked like a war zone. It took her twenty minutes to\nsanitize everything, put everything back in place, sweep, wipe the\ntables and worktops. Only then could she take off her coat and relax\na little.\nHer colleagues were in stitches.", "chunk_index": 192, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_193", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The woman looked around, not\nunderstanding what the excitement was all about. That any of this\ncould even be remotely obsessive was beyond her. Her house was\nso untidy, that was her point.\nThe funny thing about this story is that a few years later I met the\nsame woman but in a totally different context. She gave me a big\nhug and said that the analysis of her behavior was 100 percent\ncorrect. Stunned, I wondered how she arrived at that conclusion.\nIt turned out that she had kept the behavior profile in her purse for\na while; the analysis had a list of behaviors and qualities, and every\ntime she found herself doing one she ticked it off on the sheet. In the\nend, she had ticked all of them off. She liked the profile. An amazing\ntool, on the whole.\n“I Don’t Really Know You, So Keep Your Distance.”\nYou’ve done it. I’ve done it. We’ve all done it. Gone up to a\nperson who seems to be a decent fellow and started talking about\nthis and that thinking you’re going to have a nice chat.", "chunk_index": 193, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 189 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_194", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "After a while,\nyou realize that you’re the one doing all the talking. If you have\nYellow traits in your behavior, you may notice that there are strange\npauses in the dialogue. If there really is a dialogue. You may notice\nthat the other person fidgets a bit, signaling that he doesn’t want to\nbe part of this conversation.\n“What’s going on? We’re just talking about the game yesterday, or\nabout what the family did last summer, or where you intend to go on\nvacation. Do we have a problem, or what?”\nYes, in fact we do, because this person doesn’t willingly speak\nwith strangers. “Wait a minute,” you may say. “We’ve been working\ntogether for three months, and by now it should be perfectly okay to\nask what his dog’s name is.” But this guy requires a lot of personal\nspace, both physically and psychologically. He needs to know a\nperson extremely well before opening up.", "chunk_index": 194, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 870, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_195", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Not like a Red, who lets\nout with whatever he feels; not like a Yellow, who reveals his darkest\nsecrets because he assumes that everyone is interested; or like a\nGreen, who can be personal, but only in small groups and in a\ncontrolled environment.\nA Blue doesn’t need small talk. He can easily give the impression\nthat he doesn’t care about other people, because he doesn’t\ncultivate any relationships. Sure, he cares, but his needs are on a\ndifferent level than everyone else’s. He likes being in his own\ncompany and with immediate family.\nThe consequence is clear for those around him: They find him\ncoldhearted and distant. That personal bubble is obvious, and it can\nbe very chilly, particularly for Yellows and Greens. And so they call\ntheir Blue friend a bore. Blues can easily make us feel ill at ease.\n“Why is he so cold and dismissive? Doesn’t he care about me at\nall?”\n“Better Safe Than Sorry.", "chunk_index": 195, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 903, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_196", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Think About it—Preferably Three Times.”\nA good family friend couldn’t leave her house without first\nchecking to see if her keys were really in her handbag, even though\nplacing them there was the last thing she had done before going to\nthe front door.\nBack in the 1980s, when I worked as a teller in the bank, I served\npeople who had waited thirty minutes in line for just one single\nreason: to check that the balance printed on the ATM receipt really\nwas correct. Much anticipation. The same computer. The same\nbalance. But you never know. Best to check. And double-check. If a\ntriple check had been possible, they would have done it.\nWhere does this need for control come from? Why can’t Blues\ntrust what other people say or just accept the information they hear?\nAnswer: They can, of course. But if they also check themselves, then\nall the risks will be eliminated, right? But the fact remains that they\ndon’t trust others. Everything has to be confirmed.", "chunk_index": 196, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_197", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And recorded,\nand documented properly.\nRemember, we’re talking here about behavior as perceived by\nothers. A Blue checks everything one extra time because it’s\npossible to check everything one extra time. When everything has\nbeen confirmed, then you just have to make a decision.\nI have a good friend who uses Excel diligently. But not like the\nrest of us. This guy has a special method. He writes a formula and\ninserts all the data. Before he sends any important files to his senior\nmanagers, he does a control check of everything using a calculator.\nWhy does he do that?! If you were to explain this to a Red, he\nwould declare that guy an absolute idiot. Explain it to a Yellow and\nhe would laugh himself to death. Any Blue will understand the whole\nthing immediately. There is a theoretical possibility that there could\nbe errors in Excel. Even though he has typed the formula himself,\nsomething may still go wrong.", "chunk_index": 197, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_198", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Better to be on the safe side.\nHow do others perceive this? Read on!\n“The Only Thing I Can Trust Is Myself and My Own Eyes.”\nThe guy who questions Excel has, of course, a problem\nexplaining himself. Many people around him have their views about\nhis method of always having to double-check and triple-check\neverything he does himself and everything everyone else does. They\nget furious when he, through his actions, clearly shows that he\ndoesn’t trust them.\nThe other tiny little problem is that everything takes a terribly long\ntime. This can be managed by working more hours. What’s more\nproblematic is the way relationships can suffer because of this habit.\nHow demoralizing is it when you go up to someone to tell him about\na possible breakthrough and the first thing the person does is isolate\nall the different components and call into question every single\npoint?\nOf course, if everyone looks long enough they will find mistakes.\nNor is it even sufficient to be right.", "chunk_index": 198, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_199", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You have to prove yourself to a\nBlue. If he considers you an authority in a particular field, he’ll be\nbetter at listening to you. The road, however, can be tricky.\nI’ve held many training courses and lectures on this subject, and\nif there are people who ask complicated questions they’re usually\nengineers, technical sales staff, or financial controllers. Maybe a\nhandful of tax lawyers. Oftentimes their color is Blue, and they’re not\nimpressed with me. Just because I have made my living doing this\nfor twenty years doesn’t mean I know what I’m talking about.\n(Remember the woman who was accused of being a perfectionist.)\nThe only thing you can do is accept that among these people, the\nstandard of proof will be much higher. Facts always remain, as we\nknow: If I have prepared well enough I can prove that what I am\nsaying is true. In time, they will trust me.\nLearning New Things\nHow to Use What You’ve Learned\nLearning something new isn’t always the easiest of tasks.", "chunk_index": 199, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_200", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It may\nseem simple, but it’s not easy. There’s always so much to do, so\nmuch to read, and so much to learn. Where do you start? This is\nalmost always determined by your personal interests. Naturally, it’s\neasier to devote more time to what you’re curious about and what\nyou’re interested in. Nothing strange there.\nFor me, it was hearing Sture’s assessment of people—his thesis\non all the idiots at the start of this book—that became the impetus for\nme to learn about people and how we relate to one another. But it’s\ntaken me many years to acquire this knowledge. I’ve read books,\nattended training, and been certified many times in different subjects.\nFurthermore, I’ve led thousands of courses on the subject. So now,\nas a middle-aged man, I believe I have a decent grasp on how\npeople function. But, in all probability, I’ve only scratched the\nsurface.\nIf We Had Endless Time, There’d Be No Problem\nAll of this learning has taken time.", "chunk_index": 200, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 939, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_201", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Maybe I don’t have the natural\ninstinct that many others have. I don’t really know. But I do know a\nbit about teaching methods and how we learn new things.", "chunk_index": 201, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 155, "length_words": 30 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_202", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And for\nme, it’s difficult to think of any subject more important than people.\nNo matter what job you have, where life may take you—you are\ngoing to meet other people.\nFor example, you can be:\n• an employee with work colleagues\n• a seller with customers\n• a project manager who leads people with different expertise\nthan your own\n• a managing director with employees\n• a middle manager with people both above and below you in\nthe organization\n• a self-employed entrepreneur finding your own sales and\norders\n• a parent with teenagers in the household\n• a spouse\n• a coach for the football team\n• a chairperson of the local home and school associations\nThere’s no limitation to how this knowledge can be applied.\nUnderstanding people will always remain a crucial factor in achieving\nyour goals in life as smoothly as possible, no matter what these\ngoals are.\nTake a look at the diagram on the next page.", "chunk_index": 202, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_203", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "This isn’t a new\nmodel, but it says a lot about how theoretical knowledge is\ntransformed into real competence. Reading a book is one thing—I’m\nglad that you are reading this one. It’s a great way to kick off your\nown learning, but it’s only the first step in learning something.\nA New Approach\nMy mission is clear—I want more people to understand this method\nof classifying behavior. So much conflict could be avoided if we just\nunderstood why the people around us behave the way they do. I\nhave nothing against conflict; it usually doesn’t bother me, because I\nknow how to handle it. But when people tear down and destroy more\nthan they build up, I believe that we should be able to find other\nways forward. Life consists of so much more than learning from your\nmistakes.", "chunk_index": 203, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 772, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_204", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Some mistakes you can avoid altogether.\nA Language like Any Other Language\nThe “language” this book discusses—DISA-language IPD (the\nInstitute for Personal Development) which is the official name—\nworks like any other language when it comes to learning. If you’ve\never studied Spanish or German in school, then you know what I’m\ntalking about. To study for your exams is one thing. To be able to\nreally speak fluently is a different matter. It’s not enough to refresh\nyour knowledge once a year just before a trip to Spain. If you really\nwant to be able to speak Spanish (more than just ordering food at a\nrestaurant) whenever you run into a Spanish speaker, you need to\npractice. It’s a perishable commodity. There are no shortcuts.\nOf course, after reading this book you can go out into the world\nand happily experiment with the people you meet. I advise you to do\nso.", "chunk_index": 204, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 870, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_205", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In the beginning, the challenge will be that you’re going to guess\nincorrectly about people’s personalities and that may result in a\ncertain degree of embarrassment. But as you become more “fluent”\nin the language of behavior, it will transform how you interact with the\npeople around you.\nBody Language: Why How You Move\nMatters\nHow Do You Really Look?\nIntroduction\nDifferent colors exhibit different types of body language. In\naddition to all things you say and do, you project a certain type of\nbody language to the people around you. People pick up on this\nbody language and use it to interpret your mood. So let’s take a\ncloser look at how we move.\n“Body language” refers to all forms of nonverbal communication,\nconscious as well as unconscious. Differences in body language\nvary both between individuals and between different groups of\npeople.", "chunk_index": 205, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 850, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_206", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Our body language also functions as a social and cultural\nmarker, even if there are common biological foundations.\nThe modern English language contains about one hundred and\nseventy thousand words, of which five thousand are used regularly.\nIn comparison, according to certain scholars, body language\ncontains almost seven hundred thousand signals. Yes, we can\ndebate the exact numbers, but that’s not the point. Just understand\nthat there are an immense number of signals, more than we may be\naware of.\nI’m not going to examine all these signals, but it’s still interesting\nto see what the differences are between different behavior profiles.\nJust remember, our state of mind, situation, and whether we feel\nsafe or unsafe can have a crucial influence on our body language.\nPosture\nIf on the one hand, you have a relaxed, natural but not slack posture,\nother people often get the impression that you are self-confidence.", "chunk_index": 206, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_207", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If\non the other hand, you have a shrunken posture, it can be\ninterpreted as resignation and disappointment. If you have an erect,\nsomewhat wooden posture, people can believe that this is a signal of\ndominance; in other words, you demand respect from those around\nyou. However, it could also be an indication that you were trained at\na military academy.\nGaze\nWe use our eyes for many different things. Shifty eyes generally\nsuggest that the person in question would rather be somewhere\nelse. Other people meet your gaze steadily, without even blinking.\nThis creates a totally different impression. It’s said that liars can’t\nlook you in the eye and they often shift their gaze to the side. But\nsince this is commonly known even among liars, the worst of them\nhave learned to stare you straight in the eyes when they are lying.\nSo nothing is that obvious.", "chunk_index": 207, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 853, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_208", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "(Someone who is repeatedly touching his\nneck is more often an indicator of a liar.) When something is awful or\nunpleasant, many lift their hands up to their faces. And when you\nneed to think, you often close your eyes for a while.\nHead and Face\nWhen speaking, we usually either nod or shake our heads,\ndepending on whether we agree or not. When we listen extra\ncarefully to a discussion, we can lean our heads to one side.\nHanging your head or wrinkling your forehead can signal sadness or\ndepression. When we’re amazed at something, we often raise our\neyebrows, while we turn up our noses at things we aren’t fond of. In\nyour face alone forty-three different muscles are concealed, and\nthese can be combined in countless ways.\nHands\nYes, this is a true classic. When greeting a person, how hard do you\nreally have to shake his hand? A simple handshake can reveal a lot\nabout a person.", "chunk_index": 208, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 885, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_209", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Limp and feeble handshakes often indicate a\nsubmissive behavior, so if you have such a handshake it might be a\ngood idea to press a little harder. If a handshake is firm it probably\nsuggests that a person is determined. Anyone who squeezes way\ntoo hard belongs more than likely to the former category but would\nprefer to belong to the latter. Clenched fists rarely mean good news,\nusually indicating aggressiveness. Certain nervous people pick at\ntheir clothes, removing hairs or threads. This often indicates they\nwould rather focus their attention on other things. Holding your\nhands clasped behind your back often expresses power and\nsecurity.\nRemember what I just said about lies? A more effective way to\nspot a liar is to notice if he puts the palm of his hand on his chest—\npreferably his right hand over his heart—and sighs indignantly when\nhe’s been accused of lying.", "chunk_index": 209, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 875, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_210", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "“Would I lie? How can you say that about\nme?” This gesture is intended to strengthen his honest intentions,\nbut it immediately puts those around on their guard, because it is so\nunnecessary and excessive. There’s definitely something fishy going\non there.\nTerritory\nIt’s very important that all people have their own personal space, as\neveryone needs an area that is his own. Among other things, this\nterritory can be the distance you maintain from people when you’re\nspeaking to them. The personal zone is generally a few feet and the\nsocial zone is three to ten feet. When we speak about the personal\nzone we mean the space when two people who know each other are\ncommunicating. “The social zone” refers to the space between\nstrangers who are communicating. But this is very much dependent\non the culture of the speakers.", "chunk_index": 210, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 823, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_211", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In the Nordic European region, for\nexample, the personal zone is definitely larger than what someone\nfrom the Mediterranean would have.\nSo What Do We Do About All This?\nHow do the various forms of behavior differ from one another? It’s\nobvious that some “well-known” facts about body language don’t\napply to every single person. Someone who is busily picking lint off\nhis sleeve might be bored or he might just be nervous. Another\nexample is how people deal with uncertainty. A Green who is unsure\nleans backwards. A Red who is unsure leans forward, as his way of\ndealing with this uncertainty is to try to dominate the conversation.\nOn the following pages, I’ve listed further examples of the\ndifferences. Try observing people in real life to see if you can find\nany of the following forms of behavior. But remember, body language\nis very individual.", "chunk_index": 211, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 851, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_212", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Sure, there are the general expressions that apply\nthroughout the entire world and among all people—a contemptuous\nstare, for example, looks similar in every country—but there are so\nmany differences that you’ll have to study your fellow mortals to\nsharpen your ability. The following short sections are intended to\nserve as a simple guide.\nRed Body Language\nSome basics to keep in mind about Reds. They:\n• keep their distance from others\n• have powerful handshakes\n• lean forward aggressively\n• use direct eye contact\n• use controlling gestures.\nAs I mentioned previously, Reds often have a clear and distinctive\nbody language. You can usually recognize a Red from a distance.\nWhen you walk through large crowds, you’ll see people swarming\naround, standing still, conversing with others, or just checking to see\nwhat all the fuss is about. Let’s say that you’re looking at a town\nsquare teeming with people.", "chunk_index": 212, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 913, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_213", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you look really closely, you will see a\nperson who is crossing the square at a brisk pace completely\ndisregarding the people standing in his way. With his gaze fixed on a\npoint a bit in front of him, the Red speeds up and crosses the square\nwithout any problem. He does not give way but makes others move\naside. His steps are decisive and powerful. He expects the rest of us\nto get out of his way.\nThe first time you meet a Red, he usually maintains a certain\ndistance. His handshake won’t be hearty, but it will be powerful.\nExpect that the Red—man or woman—will grip a little bit harder to\nshow who is in charge. (Some people consider this alpha male\nbehavior, but it also occurs in women. A Red has a need to\ndemonstrate that he is someone to be reckoned with.)\nForget overexuberant smiles. His face can be downright grim,\nespecially if you’re attending a business meeting. But even in social\nsettings, Reds maintain some reserve.", "chunk_index": 213, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_214", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A Red won’t give you a big\nbear hug (as long as he is sober; under the influence of alcohol,\nanything can happen).\nWhen things start getting tense—which usually happens rather\nquickly when Reds are involved—this guy will lean across the table\nand argue his case quite forcefully. Eye contact will be very direct,\nhis gaze fixed on you. When it comes to the language of power,\nReds have their finger on the trigger right from the start. Be prepared\nfor that.\nAlso, be prepared for a relatively limited use of gestures, but\nthose gestures that do surface can be controlling and aggressive.\nReds point at people very readily. The notion that it is rude to point at\npeople isn’t something that particularly worries him. It’s also common\nthat Reds point at you by stretching out their hand towards you with\nthe palm facing down.", "chunk_index": 214, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 823, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_215", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you want to give this a try, ask someone to\npoint at you that way, and then think about how it feels.\nYou can also clearly see that Reds—of course they are not alone\nin this—are more than willing to interrupt you. They draw their breath\ncontinuously, hoping to find gaps in the conversation. If they have to\nwait too long to speak, they’ll throw themselves into the conversation\nwith a loud voice and simply take over.\nVOICE\nWhat about a Red’s tone of voice? It’s often strong. We hear\nthese people clearly because they think nothing of raising their\nvoices to make themselves heard—as much as it takes. Of course,\neven Reds can be nervous and worried about things, but usually you\nwon’t hear this. Their voices won’t tremble that much.\nThis is one of the secrets Reds have. No matter what’s\nhappening behind the façade, Reds will sound convincing. No\nstammer, no hesitation. Finger on the trigger. If we don’t listen, they\nwill repeat it one more time, but louder.", "chunk_index": 215, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 968, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_216", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In the end, they always get\nthrough.\nSPEED IN SPEECH AND DEED\nAs I mentioned earlier, Reds are always in a hurry. Quick equals\ngood. Normally, this even applies to speech and actions. Everything\nhappens at a furious pace. Because speed is the factor many Reds\nmeasure success by, it will be all go. And a couple of sharp changes\nwhen the course needs adjusting.\nYellow Body Language\nSome simple basics to keep in mind about Yellows. They:\n• are tactile\n• are relaxed and jocular\n• show friendly eye contact\n• use expressive gestures\n• often come close.\nA Yellow’s body language is often very open and inviting. Smiles\nappear constantly, even when there’s not much to smile about. They\njoke around a lot and can be very relaxed. When visiting a neighbor\nhe doesn’t know that well, a Yellow may just stretch out on the sofa.\nBut this is typical for Yellows. When a Yellow feels secure in any\ngiven situation, you can see it.", "chunk_index": 216, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_217", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’s like an open book.\nThe similarity with Red behavior lies primarily in the tempo.\nYellows move quickly and quite distinctively. They often radiate a\nstrong self-confidence.\nPersonal space is a relative thing for Yellows. While some colors\ndon’t like having people sit too close to them, Yellows will willingly\nmove up very close. Yellows can spontaneously start hugging\neveryone around them. Man or woman, it doesn’t really matter. It\ndepends on what the feeling and the mood are that day.\nIt’s not uncommon for others to recoil when this happens, which\nYellows find very trying. But it’s not just that Yellows like hugging. It\ncan also be a simple form of physical contact. A hand placed on an\narm, a pat on the leg—with no ulterior motive. The Yellow just wants\nto reinforce what he’s said. What a Yellow perceives as something\nnatural and spontaneous others can perceive as an invitation.", "chunk_index": 217, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 895, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_218", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And of\ncourse, it can end badly.\nIn general, with Yellows there will be jokes all round and\ncountless smiles. Eye contact is no problem; it’s intense, cheerful,\nand friendly.\nVOICE\nA Yellow’s tone of voice denotes a strong commitment from start\nto finish. You hear it from afar: Laughter, fun, intensity. Enthusiasm.\nJoy. Energy.\nGenerally speaking, Yellows show empathy very clearly. They’re\nwith you either 100 percent or not at all. And this can be heard in\ntheir voice. It goes up and down; it changes tempo, vigor, and\nintensity. Yellows often have a powerful melody in their way of\nspeaking.\nNo matter what emotion has seized the Yellow at the moment, it\nwill be noticeable in his voice.\nSPEED IN SPEECH AND DEED\nTempo. Not quite the same rate of action as Reds, but a\ndecidedly fast pace. Have you met anyone who, when in a hurry to\nsay something, kind of stumbles over his words? Only half of them\nreally come out as they should.", "chunk_index": 218, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 937, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_219", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You can surmise what is being said,\nbut sometimes it’s incomprehensible. These are Yellows whose\nmouths simply can’t keep up with everything they have to say.\nGreen Body Language\nSome simple basics to keep in mind about Greens. They:\n• are relaxed and come close\n• act methodically\n• tend to lean backwards\n• use very friendly eye contact\n• prefer small-scale gestures.\nGreens are often—but not always—sluggish in body movement.\nWhen they’re completely harmonious, they have a relaxed body\nlanguage that exudes calm and confidence. No impetuous\nmovements, no sudden tossing of their heads or hands. Nice and\neasy.\nTheir gestures are often less flamboyant and well suited for\nsmaller groups. Greens don’t feel at ease in larger groups, so they\nbecome more closed and will appear reserved. Greens often have\nbody language that gives them away. They try to hide their true\nfeelings but don’t always succeed.", "chunk_index": 219, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_220", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If they’re out of balance or feel\nuncomfortable, it will be visible.\nWhen sitting around a table, you can expect that Greens will tend\nto lean backwards. This is something of a paradox, as they don’t\nreally have a problem getting close to people. Just like Yellows, they\nlike to touch others. It’s fine as long as they know the person they\nare touching. Beware, however, of touching a Green who hasn’t\ngiven a clear sign that he knows you well enough. It’s easy to cross\nthe line. They can be protective of their personal space.\nYou often notice when a Red walks across a room. Since Greens\nare the complete opposite of Reds in many things, I can say that\nGreens make discretion a point of honor. It’s not uncommon that\nthey try to make themselves invisible.\nThe reason? They don’t want to be the center of attention.\nGreens almost always have friendly faces. If not, then they’re\nquite neutral. Don’t expect any exaggerated smiles or overexuberant\ngreetings. A little expectant, that’s it.", "chunk_index": 220, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_221", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But the difference will be huge if\na Green knows you. If he thinks that you are good friends, he can be\nvery intimate and friendly. If he feels that you have just met each\nother, well then, you just have to wait.\nLet Greens come to you. Do not force yourself on them. In time,\nwhen they trust you, they’ll relax and become more natural.\nVOICE\nA Green’s voice will never be strong; it’s not likely that he will\ndrown out the group. You’ll have to make a little bit more effort. Even\nwhen Greens speak in front of a larger group (they may do this, if\nthey don’t have any choice), they’ll speak as if there were only three\nof you sitting around the table. Sometimes it may appear that Greens\ndon’t see the other hundred people in the room. The volume is\ngenerally low, and it can be difficult to hear what they say.\nBut their voice will always be soft and radiate warmth.", "chunk_index": 221, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_222", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The pace\nwill be slower and the variation not at all like when a Yellow speaks.\nSPEED IN SPEECH AND DEED\nGenerally, Greens have a slower pace than Reds and Yellows but\nnot quite as slow as Blues. Speed has no value in itself. If a\nheightened tempo risks destroying the cooperation in the group,\nGreens will reduce the speed. It doesn’t matter what the deadline is.\nThe most important thing is always going to be how people feel.\nBlue Body Language\nSome simple basics to keep in mind about Blues. They:\n• prefer to keep others at a distance\n• either stand or sit\n• often have closed body language\n• use direct eye contact\n• speak without gestures.\nThe easiest way to describe a Blue’s body language is to say that\nhe has none. Okay, maybe that is a bit simplistic. What I mean is that\nthere’s not that much to interpret in a Blue. Neither his face nor his\nbody gives much away. When I speak about body language to\nsalespeople, they usually remark that some people are impossible to\ninterpret.", "chunk_index": 222, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 184 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_223", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When I ask if these are people who sit almost perfectly still\nwithout moving even a muscle in their faces, they usually nod and\nthink this is remarkable.\nThey’re probably talking about Blues. A person who doesn’t\nexhibit much movement or even temperament reveals nothing. In\nthis case, it’s the lack of distinctive body language that tells us what\nwe need to know.\nMany Blues can make very dramatic statements with an\nexpressionless face. I once heard a blue manager say that the\ndepartment was to close and that we had to agree on a\ndecommissioning plan for three hundred employees. Not a muscle in\nhis face moved unnecessarily.\nThis is what gives people the idea that Blues lack feelings, but\nthis is, naturally, not true. Let me remind you again that a Blue is an\nintrovert, which is to say, most of his emotions simply operate\nbeneath the surface.\nIt also works the other way. Once, many years ago, I saw a lady\nwin a half a million dollars on television.", "chunk_index": 223, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 959, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_224", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Behind the camera her\nhusband was heard screaming for joy, while the lady herself sat very\nstill with a cool smile. The host smiled and waved his arms around,\nand for a while you had to wonder who had actually won. But the\nlady herself said nothing more than “Thank you, this was nice.” She\nhardly moved at all. I don’t think it was because she was already a\nmillionaire; it was because she was Blue. This is simply the way it\nworks. Beneath the surface, I assume that she was delighted with\nher winnings, but she didn’t show it outwardly. One day I will call the\nchannel and ask if they still have the recording, because it’s such a\nvivid illustration.\nWhen you see Blues speaking in front of larger groups, this\ntendency becomes very evident. Just like Greens, they have no\nneed to be the center of attention. The difference, however, is that\nwhile a Green would like to sink through the floor, a Blue will remain\nstanding.", "chunk_index": 224, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_225", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll try to whip up the masses while standing completely\nmotionless with a fixed face.\nAnother clue is that Blues require a relatively large amount of\npersonal space around them. They often feel more comfortable by\nkeeping others at a distance. Naturally, it depends on how well they\nknow each other, but this zone is significantly larger than it is for\nYellows, for instance.\nIf others come too close, Blues’ body language becomes closed.\nBoth arms and legs will be crossed, indicating that they’re keeping\ntheir distance.\nAs I mentioned earlier, Blues move less than others. When they\nstand, they stand still. There’s not that much swaying and walking.\nThey can very easily stand in the same spot for a whole hour while\ngiving a lecture. When they sit down, they remain seated more or\nless in the same position all the time.\nConsequently, they won’t use too many gestures. Imagine a\nYellow: a really outgoing and dynamic figure—and now think the\nopposite.", "chunk_index": 225, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_226", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Take away all movements that aren’t needed (most of\nthem, according to Blues) and you begin to get the picture. Stone-\nfaced, as someone once described it.\nHowever, Blues normally look others straight in the eyes. They\nhave no problem with eye contact, even if it makes others\nuncomfortable.\nVOICE\nThough not exactly weak, a Blue’s voice is restrained and\nsubdued. They don’t make much of a fuss about themselves. Their\nimpression tends to be controlled. It’s common for them to sound\nvery pensive, as if weighing every word before it’s allowed to see the\nlight of day.\nGenerally, there’s little or no variation in a Blue’s voice. He\nsounds more or less the same all the time—whether he’s reading the\nTV Guide or giving his acceptance speech to the nation after winning\nthe presidential election. Without much rhythm or melody, he just\ncontinues to say what’s on the script.\nMusicians tend to have difficulty with this. They think everything a\nBlue says flows badly.\nSPEED IN SPEECH AND DEED\nSlow.", "chunk_index": 226, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_227", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "At least if we compare it to others’. If we take a Red or even\na Yellow, he’ll speak at the speed of sound. A Blue has a completely\ndifferent pace. It will take as long as it takes. Speed is of no interest.\nA Real-Life Example: The Company\nParty—How to Understand Everyone\nYou Meet\nMany years ago, I used to work in the banking sector. It was an\ninteresting job in many ways, though it could be a little humdrum at\ntimes. However, I learned a lot by meeting many different types of\npeople, and I have many stories of funny customer meetings from\nthat period. The most interesting insights, however, I gained behind\nthe scenes.\nOne of the more startling experiences was at a branch where I\nwas working in the 1990s. A series of behavior stereotypes were\nworking there. Some of them were obvious in their behavioral\nprofiles. We had incredibly distinctive Blues and equally obvious\nGreens and Yellows.", "chunk_index": 227, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 899, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_228", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And, of course, a Red boss.\nOne spring we’d been working incredibly hard, many had been\nout sick, and we were under pressure from customers. People were\ntired, irritated, and touchy. We really needed some good news. The\nperson who got fed up with all the hard work first was one of the\nYellow advisors. One day, she came into the lunchroom and said that\nshe’d had enough of all our grumpy faces. We needed something\nfun to do, and she knew exactly what.\nIt was time to find a goal, something to look forward to. A\ncompany party would save the day! Full of enthusiasm, she told us\nthat she’d seen a very nice conference center nearby where all of us\ncould go for a weekend to have a good rest. They had a stunning\nspa and gym, snazzy hotel rooms, and a trendy restaurant that was\ntruly a la mode.", "chunk_index": 228, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 795, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_229", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In addition, she knew the owner through a friend of a\nfriend and could probably get a bargain price on the whole package.\nShe just wanted to know what we thought about the idea.\nAt first, we all stared at her, not knowing if the whole thing was for\nreal, because we suspected that she probably didn’t know the owner\nat all. With a broad smile, she continued to speak, talking about all\nthe fun we could have: We could play games, organize some friendly\ncompetitions, enjoy bubble baths, and, of course, have a monster\nparty in the evening.\nA lively discussion began, and several of us thought the idea\nsounded great. The Red bank director looked around and saw that\nhis employees liked the idea. Thankfully, he was keen on the idea.\nWe were tired and worn out, and he wanted to show his appreciation\nfor our commitment. He made the decision right there and then.", "chunk_index": 229, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 862, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_230", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "After\na five-minute discussion, he declared that there would be a party and\nhe promised to foot the bill.\nHe looked at the Yellow woman who had suggested the party and\nasked if she was prepared to organize everything. Make the\nnecessary calls and book everything. She immediately began to\ndeliver a long harangue that was nothing more than one big\nsmokescreen to hide the fact that she thought she had done her bit\nby coming up with the idea. The Red boss silenced her with a wave\nof his hand. A few Green colleagues were sitting behind him on a\ncorner of the sofa, the same corner where they always sat. The boss\ndidn’t even need to turn around to be able to call them by name. He\nasked each of them if they would help. They all agreed without really\nknowing what he’d asked. The Red boss nodded briefly and left the\nroom. He was done.", "chunk_index": 230, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 836, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_231", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "As he stood up, he forgot about the matter\nimmediately.\nExcitement burst forth, and everyone with Red and Yellow in their\nbehavior profiles began exclaiming about the party, all talking at the\nsame time. The Yellow advisor was extremely enthusiastic and\ncontinued to sell the idea, despite the fact that the decision had\nalready been made. Her proposals for the type of party we should\nhave became wilder and wilder. I remember that she started with a\nblack-tie ball and had come all the way to a toga party before\nsomeone managed to silence her.\nHowever, one person sat silently in the corner. Our Blue credit\nmanager was very concerned. When everything calmed down a bit,\nhe said with a loud voice, “But how are we supposed to get there?”\nThe only thing he had heard about the whole affair was that the\nconference center was twenty miles outside of town, and now the\nproblems were stacking up. We were faced with a significant\nlogistical challenge.", "chunk_index": 231, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_232", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Should we go by car? Or taxi? Or had the bank\nplanned to charter a bus? How would this actually be done? Endless\nobstacles were lining up. He crossed his arms and clenched his\nteeth.\nThe Yellow woman erupted and tore into him right away. How\ncould he be so negative? Here she was after coming with the best\nidea in the world and he immediately spoiled the whole thing with\numpteen trying questions. Maybe he should come up with his own\nideas for once? How did he think we should get there? He didn’t\nhave an answer; he just pointed out that there were lots of options.\nHe couldn’t make any decision or have an opinion. He only knew\nthat the whole idea was poorly thought out.\nThe Greens saved the day by saying that they were willing to take\ntheir cars and pick everyone up. Five cars should be enough, and\nthey promised to arrange everything. This announcement calmed the\ndiscussion down a little, and the Yellow woman could feel like a\nwinner again.", "chunk_index": 232, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 951, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_233", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Her party had just been saved.\nEveryone looked forward to the party, but the Yellow advisor\nnever showed up; she had accidentally double-booked that day.\nThere must have been a wedding on that same weekend. Or maybe\na relative was turning fifty. As a matter of fact, it might have been\nboth.\nWhat Happens at a Company Party When No One Is\nPaying Attention\nOnce the party started, exciting things happened. We all know that\nalcohol affects people. We also know that different people are\naffected in different ways. Nothing strange so far. If we ignore for a\nmoment that the amount of alcohol consumed is an important factor\nand assume that we’re just talking about moderate drinking and that\nno one will drive their cars that night, we can see some interesting\npatterns.\nWe had several Yellows in our branch. The four sellers who dealt\nwith private customers were very Yellow. They were jovial, positive\nentertainers right from the outset.", "chunk_index": 233, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 938, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_234", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They needed no alcohol before\ndaring to “loosen up” and become approachable. In fact, you could\neasily get the impression that they always were a bit tipsy, because\nthey had that frolicsome energy. They saw life as one long\ncelebration that should always be funny and amusing.\nBut the interesting thing is that Yellows who drink can lose some\nof this. During the company party, I observed that three of the four\nYellow salespeople became more and more silent as the evening\nwent on. As the intake of certain beverages increased and the\natmosphere became more intense, they withdrew. I remember one of\nthe guys sat down on the steps outside with a wineglass in his hand.\nI asked him what was the matter. He was moody and philosophical.\nWhat was the point of it all? Why did he go the extra mile? No one\never really thanked him for it. Perhaps the best thing to do was to\nresign.", "chunk_index": 234, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 877, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_235", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "My cheerful colleague had been transformed into a brooding\npessimist.\nFunnily enough, I found the Blue credit manager inside the party\nvenue dancing on the table while telling dirty jokes. Never before nor\nsince have I heard such dirty jokes. When I asked his colleagues\nwhat he had been drinking, they shrugged their shoulders and said\nthat he always behaved like that when he got started. If I had met\nhim for the first time that night, I would have thought that he was one\nof the Yellows at our workplace.\nIt was as if Yellows and the Blues had completely switched\npersonalities. You could conclude that a really good party consists of\nsober Yellows and Blues who are slightly under the influence.\nHowever, things became really interesting when I found our Red\nbank director, who normally was quite stern. He had a glass of\nwhisky in his hand and was standing there speaking to the Green\ngroup of administrators.", "chunk_index": 235, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_236", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He explained, a little ambiguously I hasten\nto add, that he really wasn’t a horrible person and that he liked them\nvery much. When he lost his temper at the office, they shouldn’t take\nit personally; he meant no offense, and they didn’t need to be afraid\nof him.\nThe six Greens, two men and four women, who had been\ndrinking as well, all spoke up and gave him a piece of their minds.\nThey were irritated by his behavior and explained that he was the\nworst boss they’d ever had. Each of them had been working in the\noffice for at least twenty years and when he was gone they would\nstill be there, and what did he think about that? They backed him into\na corner and gave him a proper dressing-down.", "chunk_index": 236, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 696, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_237", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The Red boss fled\nthe field and was the first to leave the party.\nEven the Reds and the Greens had changed behavior with each\nother in some strange way! I left the party with an extraordinary\ninsight—alcohol changes people, but exactly how they change is\neven more interesting.\nHowever, back in the office on Monday, everything was back to\nnormal. The Yellows told their latest jokes, and the Blue guy did not\nsay a word. The boss glowered at everyone, and the Greens just\nstared at the wall when he showed up. Order was restored.\nAgain, I cannot prove this, so you simply have to do your own\nresearch. Challenge your pals late on a Friday night and you’ll\nunderstand exactly what I mean. Just take it easy with the alcohol.\nAdaptation\nHow to Handle Idiots (i.e., Everyone Who Isn’t like You)\nNow let’s now take a look at how we can adapt to one another in\norder to work together.", "chunk_index": 237, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_238", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A man once said (admittedly with an ironic\nsmile on his face, but still) that the test of intelligence is simple: “If\nyou agree with me, then you’re intelligent. However, if you don’t\nagree with me, then you are clearly and undoubtedly an idiot.”\nI assume that you’re intelligent enough to interpret this message\ncorrectly. But seriously—all of us have wondered why some people\ndon’t understand anything. As I said in the introduction, when I was\nyoung I was often struck by the fact that people who appear to be\nvery intelligent could, at the same time, be such complete idiots.\nThey didn’t see what I saw. Some people delicately say that such\nindividuals lack the right “intellectual elasticity,” but that’s only\nbecause they’re too well bred to let the word “idiot” come out of their\nmouths.\nPeople Are Obviously Different.", "chunk_index": 238, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 826, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_239", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "So What Do You Do\nAbout It?\nHow should we handle people who are different from us when they\nreact and function in completely different ways? Can you take on\nvarious kinds of personalities in different situations? An interesting\nquestion. If it were possible to behave 100 percent like a chameleon\n—completely changing your behavior depending on whom you’re\nwith—would it be a good idea to try? It’s natural for us to be who we\nare, to exhibit our own core behavior. But for a variety of reasons, we\ncan feel the need to adapt to those around us. There’s often a lot of\ntalk about how we must be flexible and adaptable so that we can\ncope with a wide variety of situations and are able to respond to\nmany different types of people. The term has even been given a\nname—EI (emotional intelligence) or EQ (emotional quotient).", "chunk_index": 239, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 822, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_240", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "To\ncope with this constant need for adaptation, it’s important that we’re\naware that adaptation demands effort and takes a lot of energy.\nOur natural condition is to exhibit our core behavior. Our\n“unnatural” behavior is to continually adapt to others, and this\nrequires ability, training, and energy. If we’re uncertain as to what is\n“right” in a situation, if we’re untrained or lack sufficient energy to\ncope with the role that we currently believe is the right one, we will\nbe frightened, hesitant, and often stressed. As a result, we lose even\nmore energy and our core behavior becomes increasingly visible—\noften to the great surprise of those around us, who are used to\nseeing us behave in a certain way.\nIn a Perfect World\nIn the best of worlds, everyone can be themselves and everything\nfunctions smoothly from the word go. Everyone agrees at all times\nand conflicts don’t exist at all. This place is said to exist, and it’s\ncalled Utopia. But it’s not that simple.", "chunk_index": 240, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_241", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "As I said at the beginning of\nthis book, if you think that you can change everyone else, you’ll be\nvery disappointed. It would surprise me if you could change anyone\nat all.\nNo matter who you are—Red, Yellow, Green, or Blue, or a\ncombination of multiple colors—you will always be in the minority.\nMost of the people you encounter will be different from you. No\nmatter how well balanced you are, you can’t be all the types at the\nsame time. So you have to adapt to the people you meet. Good\ncommunication is often a matter of adapting to others.\nBut wait a minute, you might be thinking. That isn’t true. I can be\nmyself. In fact, I never adapt myself for anyone, anytime, and it’s\ngone very well. It’s taken me this far in life.\nAbsolutely.\nNaturally, everyone can start with themselves. That’s not a\nproblem. But then, don’t expect to get through to other people with\nthe message you’re trying to share.", "chunk_index": 241, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 904, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_242", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you can live knowing that most\nof the people you meet won’t buy what you say, well, then you don’t\nhave a problem.\nYou Already Do This, Even If You Don’t Think You Do\nYou already adapt your behavior, even if you don’t realize it. We all\nadapt to one another all the time. It’s part of the social game, the\nvisible and invisible communication that is constantly in progress. I’m\njust proposing a more reliable system. You don’t have to gamble or\nguess. You can make the right adjustment from the beginning. But\nplease note: usually. No system is perfect.\nSome people I meet don’t like the idea of deliberately adapting to\nothers. They consider it dishonest and manipulative. But again, you\ncan always abstain.\nAn Example from Real Life\nI’m going to tell you a true story about a man I met during a training\nconference many years ago, a likeable and very popular private\nentrepreneur who achieved great success in his field.", "chunk_index": 242, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_243", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "This man—let\nus call him Adam—was extremely Yellow, a real visionary with\nambitious plans that were only occasionally put into effect.\nAdam had never thought about or reflected on how he behaved\nas a person or how he was perceived by others. There had never\nbeen any reason to. Someone had persuaded him to come to this\nconference, and he didn’t really know what he was getting himself\ninto.\nThe topic that day was the same as this book; it was a full-day\nworkshop where we worked on how to understand different behavior\nprofiles. After the lunch break, I saw that something was troubling\nAdam. His face was serious, and his body language had become\nvery closed. When I started talking again and explaining the various\nprofiles, he sank deeper and deeper into his chair, and it was\nobvious to me that he was thinking about something else.\nI asked what was troubling him.\nThere was an explosion.", "chunk_index": 243, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 894, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_244", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He exclaimed, “This is wrong! How\ncould I categorize people like that? Put people into a theoretical grid\nsystem?” It turned out that he didn’t like the idea of adapting to other\ntypes of people, but not because he thought that everyone had to\nadapt to him. No, what worried him was that he saw it as a way to\nmanipulate others and he didn’t like it. Didn’t like it at all, in fact.\nEveryone wondered what the real problem was. Adam believed\nthat you couldn’t categorize people this way. That using a lot of\nmodels was just wrong. He thought that it was highly dangerous not\nto go on pure feeling.\nSomeone in the group made it clear to him that he of all people\nshould listen, since he was the one who attracted conflict. The\ndebate was soon in full swing, and after thirty minutes I had to call a\ntime-out.\nI can understand Adam’s concern, and I respect the fact that he\nraised the issue.", "chunk_index": 244, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 889, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_245", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What worried him was that it wouldn’t work: If\neveryone adapted to one another, no one would be themselves any\nlonger. In his way of thinking, that would be the greatest deception—\nnot to be yourself.\nThere’s something in what he said. At the same time, of course,\nyou can always choose how much or little you modulate your\nbehavior. The more you learn about other people, the easier it\nbecomes for you to make decisions. Join in the game, or go your\nown way? The decision will always be yours.\nFurthermore, Adam was also deeply resentful that I, as a\nspecialist in the field, could describe him in quite some detail and\ngive examples of how I thought he was wired.", "chunk_index": 245, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 665, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_246", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When he looked at the\nassessment tool that describes an individual, he went completely\nsilent.\nUltimately, after we sat down and discussed the matter Adam\ncame to understand the role and benefits of behavior assessment.\nBut he taught me to be careful with how I use this knowledge.\nHow Often Do We Follow a System Without Knowing\nIf It Works?\nNo system is perfect. There are always exceptions. This is just one\npiece in the jigsaw puzzle of human life. It’s certainly a large and\nimportant piece, but it’s far from the whole picture.\nI’ve divided up the sections on adaptation into two parts for each\ncolor. The first part deals with what you need to do to interact\nmeaningfully with another person—when you really want to get\nthrough to him and put him in a cheerful mood and make him feel\nthat you understand him. The second part deals with how you get\npeople to take your side.", "chunk_index": 246, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_247", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What each profile wants in a situation isn’t\nnecessarily the best thing to do to make progress.\nYou can do a great deal of good—if you choose to do so.\nAdapting to Red Behavior\nWhat a Red Expects of You\n“DO WHAT I ASKED OF YOU, AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE—PREFERABLY,\nEVEN FASTER THAN THAT”\nIf you ask a Red, he’ll agree that most people are too slow. They\nspeak too slowly, they have trouble coming to the point, and they\nwork ineffectively. In a Red’s world, everything simply takes way too\nlong.\nRemember what I told you about impatience in Red behavior,\nabout their constant pursuit of (fast) results. When other people turn\nthings over in their minds from morning to night, it drives a Red\ncrazy.\nThought and action are one. It has to be done quickly. If there’s\nanything Reds dislike, it’s endless discussion. It makes them flip out.\nConclusion: If you want to adapt to a Red’s tempo—hurry up!\nSpeed up! Speak and act more quickly. Look at the clock often,\nbecause that’s what a Red does.", "chunk_index": 247, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_248", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you can conclude a meeting in\nhalf the time—do it! If you have a Red with you in the car, he won’t\nbe upset if you’re a little bit over the speed limit. (If you drive too\nslowly, he might insist on taking the steering wheel.)\n“DO YOU WANT SOMETHING? SPEAK UP!”\nAs you now know, Reds are very much to the point, and they\nenjoy being with other people who also have the ability to tell them\nwhat they want—quickly. If you have a tendency to go around in\ncircles before getting to the crux of the matter, you’ll have difficulty\ngetting through to a Red. He’ll get tired if you waste your words\nwithout due cause. And he knows when he’s dealing with a\nchatterbox.\nIt’s very common for people to provide some background to a\nproblem before describing the problem itself. And maybe even some\nmore background to the solution of the problem.\nForget it. It won’t work.\nConclusion: If you want to have a Red’s full attention, cut the\nsmall talk. It’s vital that you’re clear and straightforward.", "chunk_index": 248, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_249", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Determine\nthe most essential point of your message and start there. Let’s say\nthat you’re going to present the latest financial statement. Say what’s\nwritten on the last line of the slide first—that’s what a Red is sitting\nthere waiting for anyway. Then you can get into the details.\nDon’t use a single word unnecessarily. But make sure you’ve\ndone your homework when it comes to the background. Questions\nmay come up. If a Red senses that you’re uncertain, you’ll be grilled\non the facts.\nWritten materials should be concise and, above all, well laid out.\nNo endless dissertations written by someone who loves the sound of\nhis own voice. A single line jotted down on the back of the napkin will\ndo the job.\n“I COULDN’T CARE LESS WHAT YOU DID ON VACATION.”\nReds live in the present. Everything that happens is happening\nhere and now. They have a unique ability to focus on what’s on the\ncurrent agenda. Thus, you need to stick to the topic when you speak\nto a Red.", "chunk_index": 249, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_250", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He has no problem with creativity or new ideas; this is\nalways appreciated as long as it moves you forward. But when a\nRed feels that you’ve left the agenda altogether and are beginning to\nfiddle-faddle, then conflict isn’t that far off.\nThe most effective method for a Red is to establish what the\nproblem is and then just get to work. Simple, isn’t it?\nConclusion: Stick to the topic! The easiest way is to prepare your\ncase very precisely before going into a meeting with a Red. If, in the\nmiddle of an interesting discussion, another thought pops into your\nhead, write it down and ask at the end of the meeting if it’s okay to\nraise the issue. Otherwise, schedule a new meeting.\nIf someone with lots of Red in his behavior asks what time it is,\nanswer the question with the exact time. Don’t say that there’s plenty\nof time. He’ll decide that himself. And again—don’t forget to keep up\nthe pace. For a Red, “speed” will be synonymous with “efficiency.”\nNow we’re talking business—never forget it.", "chunk_index": 250, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 1000, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_251", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Being businesslike in\nbusiness doesn’t really sound like a novel idea, but think about it. If\nyou’re a seller, you’ve probably attended a number of training\ncourses in sales where you learned that you have to build up a\nrelationship with the customer. Get to know him. Win him over to\nyour side.\nThis is good advice. Do it. Build relationships as much as you\ndeem necessary. Just don’t do it with Reds. For example, if you\nbegin a meeting with a Red whom you’ve never met before, nothing\ncould be worse than asking where he lives, where he spent his last\nvacation, or what he thought of the game last night. Nothing could be\nmore irrelevant to him. He’s not here to chat or make friends. He’s\nthere to do business. Deeply Red individuals become downright\nirritated and aggressive when they notice that someone is trying to\nbe friends with them.\nA Red is not here to be your pal. He’s only here for one reason—\nto do business.", "chunk_index": 251, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_252", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He might throw you out—figuratively speaking—if he\nperceives your attempts to be friendly as ingratiation or fawning. This\nisn’t something he would dream of doing himself, so neither should\nyou.\nAnd don’t flatter a Red if you don’t know him well. Just leave the\ncompliments at home.\nConclusion: Paradoxically, Reds are the easiest to sell to. If you\nwant to do good business, the only thing you need to do is step into\na Red’s office, present your suggestions, and then ask about a deal.\nSkip the football game yesterday. Never mind that you saw him in\nthe supermarket last week. He didn’t see you anyway. When a Red\ntrusts you and has decided that you’re a decent person who can be\nadvantageous to him, well, then he may very well start discussing\ncars, boats, or the latest politics. Play ball with him. But then and\nonly then. And don’t be surprised if the meeting ends mid-sentence.\nWhen he’s satisfied with his socializing, he concludes it instantly. It\nhas nothing to do with you.", "chunk_index": 252, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 986, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_253", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’s just tired of conversation.\n“YOU DON’T ACTUALLY KNOW? THEN WHY AM I WASTING MY TIME WITH\nYOU?”\nIt may sound like a contradiction, but a Red would also like you to\nbe determined and direct. Although he often demands that he make\nall the important decisions himself, he strongly dislikes dealing with\nvacillating people. Dancing the hesitation waltz does not instill trust.\nComments like “It’s hard to say,” “It depends,” or “I don’t really know\nwhat to say” just frustrate Reds.\nIf you have an opinion, out with it. Reds judge you on how driven\nyou are. You should listen to them, of course, but you must have an\nopinion of your own. Otherwise, you’re weak, and that’s not a quality\nthat will win you any points.\nKeep in mind that we all like people in whom we can recognize\nourselves. A Red won’t meet other Reds every day, so when he\nactually does he’s pleasantly surprised.", "chunk_index": 253, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 880, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_254", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "“An equal! Wonderful!” I\nhave met Reds who have rubbed their hands gleefully before starting\na heated debate.\nConclusion: Deliver your opinion without blinking. In the end, you\nmight have to concede, but never sell yourself short. A Red can\nrattle and rumble, stamp on the floor, raise his voice, and shake his\nfist. Many people back off in the face of this behavior. It’s not\npleasant to be shouted at, is it?\nWell, the worst thing you can do is back away and let him walk all\nover you. If a Red is permitted to walk over you, you lose something\nvery important in his eyes—respect. If he doesn’t respect you, he’ll\neat you alive. And walk over you again and again and again until you\nbecome completely and totally marginalized. You won’t be someone\nto be reckoned with in the future. A complete doormat.\nThe best thing you can do is place yourself in the center of the\nstorm, telling him that he’s wrong. When a Red discovers that you\nwon’t give in, he will turn in an instant.", "chunk_index": 254, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_255", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you know what you are\ntalking about, that is.\nYOU CAN SLEEP WHEN YOU’RE DEAD\nIf you have a boss who is Red, he will work hard, maybe harder\nthan anyone else you’ve ever met. He will have many irons in the fire\nat once, and he’ll have complete control over everything that’s\nhappening.\nA Red can live with the fact that everything won’t be right the first\ntime. But he will demand that you work hard. You should be diligent\nin everything; feel free to put in overtime if you can. I urge you not to\nbecome a workaholic—life has more to offer than work—but from the\nperceptive of a Red boss, this would be a first-class quality. He will\nhold you in high esteem if he sees your commitment in the form of\nhard work.\nConclusion: Show that you work hard. You don’t need to run into\nthe Red’s office every five minutes, informing him that last night you\nstayed at work until half past eleven—he might not even be\nimpressed.", "chunk_index": 255, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_256", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He might just ask you whether such a trifling little task\nlike that warranted the time you spent on it. But you should report\nback regularly about what you have done and present—briefly—the\nresult of your efforts.\nBe willing to take initiative. Offer suggestions that the Red didn’t\nask for. As usual, get ready for a fight, but he will like that you are\ndriven.\nPlease note the wording in the preceding sentence. It doesn’t say\nthat he’ll like you because you are driven. It says “like that you are\ndriven.” A Red boss may very well like you—that’s sometimes the\ncase—but don’t expect lots of glowing and pleasant praise.\nHow to Behave When You Meet a Red\nYou don’t have to completely adapt to how Reds want you to behave\n—that would be surrendering.", "chunk_index": 256, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 751, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_257", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "There are several other things you\nneed to keep an eye on in order to achieve the results you want.\nBecause Reds have their faults and failings but often turn a blind eye\nto them, you can help to achieve a better result if you know how.\nHere are some points to keep in mind.\n“Details … Boooooring…”\nEssentially, Reds dislike getting into details. It’s boring and takes\ntime. Thus, Reds tend to be careless about small matters. You can\naccuse Reds of many things, but meticulousness isn’t typically one\nof them. For them the destination will always be more important than\nthe journey, so Reds will do just about anything to achieve the\ndesired results. Reds won’t naturally stop to consider the small\nthings or analyze their method.\nConclusion: If you really want to help Reds do better work, try to\ndemonstrate the benefits of keeping an eye on the details.", "chunk_index": 257, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 857, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_258", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Explain\nthat the results will be better and profits larger if they just consider a\ncouple of small but crucial elements of the project.\nBe prepared for the huff and puff and a general unwillingness to\nact on your advice. But if you’re good at arguing, your advice will be\nfollowed. As we know, Reds are good at pushing themselves to the\nlimit, just as long as they make headway.\nQuick but Often Frightfully Wrong\nAs I have written several times before, everything in a Red’s\nworld is usually very urgent. You can figure out for yourself the risks\nthis entails. Putting the pedal to the metal may seem like a good\nidea, but only when everything else, and most of all everyone else, is\non the same train. Normally, Reds rush ahead of the group, only to\nget annoyed when others can’t keep pace.\nA Red needs someone who can get him to pause and realize that\nnot everyone has grasped the situation as quickly as he has.", "chunk_index": 258, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 914, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_259", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll\nnever be able to carry out all the phases of a project on his own—\neven if he believes he can and probably will attempt to. He still\nneeds to have his team with him.\nYou’ve probably heard the expression “quick and wrong.”\nConclusion: Give examples of instances where time was lost by\nbeing too hasty. Point out the risks involved in hurrying too much.\nExplain that others can’t keep up, and point out that it would be great\nif everyone knew what the project was about. Don’t give in. Assert\nthat not even he can manage everything himself. Force a Red to wait\nfor others.\nAfterwards, try to discuss the event and show clearly and\ndistinctly what was gained and how much the Red has profited by\ntaking things a bit slower.\n“Let’s Try a Few Completely Untested Ideas and See How It Goes.”\nShould we really do that? Red individuals aren’t anxious about\nrisks. Many Reds actively search for risky situations just for the thrill\nof it.", "chunk_index": 259, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 935, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_260", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In fact, what others might perceive as dangerous behavior a\nRed wouldn’t even think of as risky. “Hey, life is risky. You won’t get\nout of it alive!”\nHowever, Reds do need someone who can weigh the advantages\nagainst the disadvantages. Disadvantages are boring, of course, so\na Red individual will often simply ignore them. Since the answer to\nwhat risks you take often lies in the details, your approach should be\nsimilar to the way you handle discussing details with a Red.\nConclusion: Reds calculate risks by constantly looking at the\nfacts. Facts are something they understand. Since Reds prefer not to\nlook backwards—old and tiring—and focus on the present and the\nfuture, a plain and honest exchange of experiences may be called\nfor.\nGive examples of situations that historically were shown to be\ndangerous. It can be about business risks, going downhill skiing\nwithout a helmet, or calling the boss an idiot.", "chunk_index": 260, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_261", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Prove things with facts\nand demand that the person thinks twice before deciding to take on\na new project without first having checked the conditions.\nAs usual: You’re right—stick to your guns and don’t give in.\n“I’m Not Here to Be Your Pal. Or Anyone Else’s, for That Matter.”\nSince many Reds are less relationally focused, they’re frequently\ncriticized for insisting that all relationships must take place on their\nterms, even in private life.\nPeople around Reds frequently feel that they’re being steamrolled\nby their friends or coworkers. It’s rarely the Red’s real intention; it’s\njust something that happens. You can’t make an omelet without\nbreaking eggs, and so on.\nReds may not understand that others are avoiding them because\nthey would rather avoid conflict. This also means that Reds can be\nexcluded from important information. They may not feel excluded if\nthey’re invited for a beer on Friday evening, but it’s far worse for\nthem to feel left out of important decisions.", "chunk_index": 261, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 983, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_262", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In the worst case, this\ncan lead them to suspect the people around them are deliberately\nwithholding important information. The power struggle is just\nmoments away.\nConclusion: Reds need to understand that the road to full\ntransparency is to adapt to others. That thought may never even\nhave crossed their minds; they’re mostly focused on themselves and\ntheir own thing. But by realizing that no one can manage everything\nalone, they can be prevailed upon to pause and actually care about\nother people.\nWhen a Red understands that many people think it’s important to\nchat about their child’s first tooth, how the cabin they rented on\nvacation was furnished, and about the boat they’re dreaming of\nbuying, he can listen actively and contribute to the discussion. Once\na Red understands what all this small talk is about, the door is open.\nYou may even learn something about him.\n“What Kind of Weaklings Are You? Just Handle It!”\nReds just get angry. It can’t be said any clearer than that.", "chunk_index": 262, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_263", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Their\ntemperament is such that it detonates every now and then, causing\nmigraines for everyone around. They don’t notice it happening\nthemselves; screaming a little bit is just another way to\ncommunicate.\nNo one likes a bully, but not everyone is willing to say so. When a\nRed tramples on someone’s toes, you must tell him nicely that it\ndoesn’t work like that. He’ll put on an innocent face and pretend that\nhe doesn’t understand what you’re talking about. Secretly he’ll be\nthinking that if some people are afraid of him, well, that’s just tough.\nConclusion: You should confront his behavior immediately. Don’t\nallow any exceptions; just say loudly and clearly that you won’t\ntolerate coarse remarks, nastiness, and uncalled-for tantrums.\nDemand adult behavior, and if he loses his temper just leave the\nroom. It’s important that you never let him get his way just by barking\nhis head off.\nJust remember that this is a technique—bickering and brawling—\nthat has worked for the Red for many years.", "chunk_index": 263, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_264", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "As a child, he might\nhave gotten his way by quarreling. More than likely, his family\nexperienced his explosive temperament in his very early years. And\nyou can bet that they just succumbed to avoid the air-raid siren. Very\nfew people have confronted him about this, meaning that the\ndemand for calmer conversations could easily lead to even louder\nprotests. The one thing a Red detests more than anything else is\nbeing told that he must lower his voice.\nAdapting to Yellow Behavior\nWhat a Yellow Expects of You\n“ISN’T IT NICE BEING HERE ALL TOGETHER?”\nIn essence, Yellows are not afraid of conflict. If something goes\nwrong, they can really blow a gasket, but if possible, they prefer a\npleasant and cozy atmosphere. Yellows are at their best when\neveryone is being friendly and the sun is shining.\nA Yellow, however, can be very sensitive to whether people are in\ngood spirits or not.", "chunk_index": 264, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 885, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_265", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If the people in a group are in bad spirits and\naggression is pouring down like from a cloudburst, he won’t be\nhappy at all.\nConclusion: A Yellow functions best when he is happy and\ncontent. His creativity is at its zenith and all his positive energy flows.\nYou should strive to create a warm and friendly atmosphere around\nhim.\nSmile a lot, have fun, and laugh. Listen to his crazy jokes, laugh\nalong at all his childish remarks, and kindle the easygoing and\nhappy-go-lucky atmosphere.\nIf you do that, he’ll feel better about you and listen to you more,\nwhich is always a good thing. A Yellow in a bad mood is not much\nfun to be with.\n“I ASKED SOMEONE TO FIX THAT TINY DETAIL—I CAN’T REMEMBER WHO,\nTHOUGH.”\nKeeping a Yellow’s interest is, in all honesty, not the easiest thing\nto do. There are many things that bore the socks off a Yellow\nemployee, customer, friend, or neighbor. A foolproof method to put a\nYellow to sleep quickly and efficiently is to bring up lots of details.\nDon’t do that.", "chunk_index": 265, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_266", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A Yellow simply can’t cope with details. It just gets\nboring. Not only will he forget what you’re talking about, but he’ll also\nsimply think that he doesn’t need any of those details. His strength\nlies in the broad brushstrokes. You can easily ask a Yellow to draw\nup a vision for the next ten years, but don’t ask him to explain how to\nmake it happen.\nConclusion: If you want to keep a Yellow’s attention, strip away as\nmuch of the minutia as you possibly can. Always start with the big\nquestions. It’s perfectly fine that you know how to install the latest\nsurround sound system, but don’t tire your Yellow friend with it. It’s\nnot for him. He just wants to know how to get the music started.\nIt’s just like with Reds, if not worse. Yellows don’t care about how\nthings work, only that they work. So put away the instruction manual\n—they’ll never open it.\nFOLLOW YOUR GUT.", "chunk_index": 266, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 873, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_267", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "IT WORKS EVERY TIME.\nIf I had a dollar for every time a Yellow has explained a totally\ncrazy decision by saying that it felt right, I could be sleeping at the\nRitz. There’s a study that shows that some people make better\ndecisions if they only go on gut feeling. Whatever you do, never\nmention that to your Yellow friend or you’ll never hear the end of it.\nIt must feel right. A Yellow can readily ignore the actual facts so\nlong as it feels right. Don’t misunderstand this: A Yellow understands\nperfectly well that some people look at facts and that this is\nimportant. He’s not stupid. It’s just that he’s not interested. He wants\nto feel his way.\nDo you want to get a Yellow to make a decision? Try to put the\nExcel spreadsheets aside, lean forward, and say with a broad smile,\n“How does this feel?”\nHe will understand exactly. And you’ll get an answer.\nConclusion: Just accept that a Yellow feels his way. He has a high\ntolerance for uncertainty and isn’t overly afraid of risks.", "chunk_index": 267, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_268", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Adapt to it.\nYou can get through to him by showing him that you too follow your\ngut. No matter how wrong this might feel to you, this is the way to a\nYellow’s heart. He’ll recognize himself in you. You’ll become the best\nof friends. The sun will shine on you.\n“THIS CAR IS A PROTOTYPE? THE CONCEPT COMPLETELY UNTESTED?\nNO ONE HAS EVER DONE THIS BEFORE? PERFECT!”\nWhile a Red focuses on speed, a Yellow focuses on the latest\nand greatest. “New” is synonymous with “good.” All Yellows know\nthat. And why not? Without creativity and new inventions all\ndevelopment would simply grind to a halt, right?\nEveryone likes having a little excitement in their everyday life.\nThe difference lies in how we define “exciting.” For a Yellow, “new”\nmeans “exciting.” Yellows are so-called early adopters, the very first\nto try out new things.", "chunk_index": 268, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 826, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_269", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Check out who is wearing the latest fashion,\nwho is the first to drive a new and preferably unusual model of car.\nWho has the latest cell phone and who knows what restaurant will be\nthe newest sensation in a few months?\nHow can they keep track of all this? Don’t ask me. They probably\ndevote some of their time at work to keep au courant on all things\nnew and interesting. But they’re also early in implementing new work\nmethods and new concepts to sell goods and services. It’s just great\nfun.\nConclusion: Allow a Yellow to devote himself to the latest thing.\nHe’ll love it. If you want to sell something to a Yellow, use\nexpressions like “state-of-the-art,” “newly developed,” and “never\nbefore used.” Your potential customer will really get into gear.\n“No one else has ever tried this? I have to have it!”\nHe’ll like you because you’re so exciting and so interesting and,\nabove all, innovative.", "chunk_index": 269, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_270", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Equip yourself with lots of energy, because it\ncan be challenging to keep up-to-date, but Yellows will adore you.\nHowever, be prepared to be replaced rather quickly if they find\nsomeone else who is even more knowledgeable about newer things.\n“YOU SEEM INTERESTING. WANNA KNOW WHO I AM?”\nBy now we’ve established that Yellows like other people. They\nfunction best if they surround themselves with a crowd. Of course,\nYellows don’t like everyone they meet, but they will give the majority\na decent chance.\nYou need to show a Yellow that you are just as open and friendly\nas he is. If you’re way too closed and private, he’ll feel unwelcome.\nWhy didn’t you reply when he spoke to you? Why didn’t you smile at\nthe funny story about his dog? Why doesn’t he know anything about\nyou? What are your dreams? Insufficient personal connection can\nresult in a strong sense of insecurity, and your relationship won’t\ndevelop in a positive direction.", "chunk_index": 270, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 936, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_271", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you’re Red or Blue, you need to\nthink carefully about how to get this to work. If you want to, of\ncourse.\nConclusion: Become approachable. Demonstrate that you’re\navailable; smile a lot; be sure to have open body language. When a\nYellow wonders where you grew up, don’t just respond with “New\nYork.” Say that you lived in Chelsea, and that you loved jogging\nalong the High Line, and that a pickpocket stole your wallet once\nwhile you were walking down Fifth Avenue, and that you met the\nlove of your life when she accidentally dropped a plate of fries on\nyour pants at a restaurant. It may seem a bit unnecessary, but you\nshould definitely show interest in the Yellow as a person. Admittedly,\nit won’t be difficult to find out things about him, because he’ll freely\ntell you a great deal.", "chunk_index": 271, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 791, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_272", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But be sure to show that you are curious and\ninterested.\nAnd remember that Yellows are very susceptible to flattery.\nHow to Behave When You Meet a Yellow\nTo keep a Yellow in good spirits, you need to rub him the right way.\nThe problem will become obvious after a while. They won’t get that\nmuch work done. I’ve looked at a group of Yellows who were trying\nto solve a problem. They all spoke at the same time and had a great\ntime, and when you asked them how things were going they said,\n“Fantastic!” But nothing got written down. To really make headway\nwith Yellows, you need to do more than just create a great\natmosphere. Once you’ve tuned into their frequency, you need to do\nthe following.\nLearn to Tell Whether a Yellow Is Actually Listening\nI’m just going to say it like it is—Yellows are, beyond the shadow\nof a doubt, the worst listeners. Usually, they will never admit it. The\nvery expression itself—“awful listeners”—is something negative, and\nthey’ll do anything to avoid negativity.", "chunk_index": 272, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_273", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Many Yellows really see\nthemselves as good listeners. Who knows where they got that idea?\nIt’s simply not true. Of course, there are Yellows who listen—when it\nsuits them. Or when they’ve already gotten what they wanted out of\na conversation. But in most cases, forget about it.\nThey don’t want to listen. They want to talk. Yellows simply think\nthat they can express everything far better than anyone else. The\nproblem is that they neglect to listen to what anyone else is saying.\nConclusion: When you’re dealing with Yellows, there are certain\nthings you need to do. It doesn’t matter if you’re speaking to your\npartner about your summer vacation or to a colleague about an\nongoing project, you need a plan of action. You need to have\nprepared yourself carefully. You have to know what your message is\nand exactly what response you need from them.", "chunk_index": 273, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 849, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_274", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You must persuade\nthe Yellow, happy person to answer your questions very concretely\nand hear him say, “Yes, I will be there at four just as I promised,” or,\n“Of course I’ll notify the customer exactly what we have agreed to.”\nBut—big but—be prepared to follow up if it’s important, because\nthe Yellow didn’t write down any of it. Unless you managed to\npersuade him to write it on his calendar, of course. That would be the\nbest way. But in all other contexts, you should expect that what\nyou’ve said has gone in one ear and out the other.\nLearn How to Respond to “No Problem—That Won’t Take Long at All!”\nYellows are optimists regarding time; that’s just the way it is.\nSure, your work can be done quickly, but rarely as quickly as a\nYellow thinks. This has to do with the fact that he simply can’t plan or\nstructure his life.", "chunk_index": 274, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 826, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_275", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I’ve personally worked with people who legitimately\nbelieved that they could manage eight meetings per day, who\nthought that it only took two days to renovate an entire kitchen and\nthat it is possible to walk across Manhattan in twenty minutes.\nThese are typical manifestations of a Yellow’s optimism. The\nproblem is obvious. It’s impossible to accomplish everything a Yellow\nwants to do, particularly because he doesn’t even know how long\nanything takes. And even if he does ask someone how long it takes,\nhe doesn’t listen to what the person says, because what he’s saying\nis wrong. After all, the Yellow believes he probably knows best.\nThe other problem is that he won’t get into gear when he should.\nDo you know anyone who has taken a day off to paint the bedroom\nand at three o’clock in the afternoon, hasn’t opened the can of paint\nyet? “I’ll just do this first, then call so and so, then pop out for a bit,\nthen…” Sometimes I wonder if the people who schedule the\nsubways are all Yellow.", "chunk_index": 275, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_276", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "There’s nothing nasty in this; it’s just about a\ntotal inability to have a realistic sense of time. And a genuine belief\nthat this commodity is inexhaustible.\nI remember a dinner I went to with a few Yellow friends. The pub\nhad a policy of ninety-minute reservations, which meant that if you\ngot there twenty-five minutes late there wouldn’t be time for an\nappetizer or for dessert because the kitchen couldn’t manage it in\ntime. My partner and I arrived fifteen minutes early—we both have\nsome splashes of Blue in our profiles. We went to the table and sat\ndown to wait for the others. Time passed. Forty minutes later, twenty-\nfive minutes late, they arrived, joyfully joking about how they had\nforgotten the time. We managed to order just a main course, eat it,\nand quickly pay for it before the next guest wanted his table. The\nstrange thing was that when we spoke about the incident afterwards,\ntheir recollection was that they were just a few minutes late.", "chunk_index": 276, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_277", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They\nhad simply repressed the fact that they missed 30 percent of the\ndinner.\nConclusion: Coordinate all appointments properly with Yellows.\nSynchronize your watches. Explain very clearly that the plane takes\noff at 8:00 P.M. and that if he doesn’t show up by then he’ll be left\nstanding at the gate. Say it like it is: If he’s not in his car outside your\ndoor two hours before the plane takes off, you’ll drop down dead of a\nheart attack. Tell the Yellow that you will be deeply irritated with him\nand that your friendship could be damaged due to his continual\nslipups.\nIf the dinner is due to start at 7:00 P.M., invite everyone for that\ntime, but make it 6:30 for your Yellow friends. They’ll arrive last\nanyway. They’ll come with very well-worded excuses. Be prepared\nfor very colorful stories. But also know that Yellows will emphatically\ndeny that they are optimists regarding time. They’ll insist that they\nmost certainly kept an eye on the clock.", "chunk_index": 277, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_278", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It was just that something\nhappened on the way.\nIt Looks Like a Hand Grenade Went Off in Here\nThe most cluttered desks I have ever seen have all belonged to\nYellows. Computer screens with so many Post-it notes stuck to them\nthat you can barely see the screen. The most topsy-turvy garages\nand the most overloaded attics belong to Yellows as well. But this is\nonly the visible. Ask to look at a Yellow person’s calendar. Or\nhandbag. Don’t even think about looking in a Yellow’s closet. And\nthis is still only the purely physical.\nMeetings are moved or forgotten; things disappear; whole cars\nare lost in parking lots. Keys are gone without a trace. Furthermore,\nmany Yellows have no ability to plan their day. They can go to the\nsupermarket five times in a row and buy three things at a time\nbecause they didn’t write down what they needed. This can be\nbecause they don’t know what they want until they get there or\nbecause they’re sure they’ll be able to recall the nineteen things they\nneed to buy.", "chunk_index": 278, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_279", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "(Yellows have a very generous view of their own ability.\nThey’ll tell anyone who wants to listen that they have the best\nmemory in the world.)\nConclusion: If you really want to help a Yellow get organized,\nmake sure he gets at least some structure in his life. Help out by\ncreating a simple list. If you are going shopping: Write down\neverything yourself. Your partner or pal will forget half of the items.\nCreate a structure for him. Yellows are the ones who are most in\nneed of structure in the form of diagrams and checklists.\nParadoxically, they hate all of that. They won’t let themselves be\n“shoehorned” into a system not of their own choosing. Be diplomatic.\nIf you press too hard, you can get some powerful reactions:\n“Why does everything have to be micromanaged? Are we living in\na fascist state, or what?”\nRemember That for Yellows the Most Important Thing Is to Look Good. All\nthe Time.\n“Me, me, me.” Yellows have strong egos, just like Reds, no doubt\nabout that.", "chunk_index": 279, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 974, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_280", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They like getting attention; they throw themselves into the\ncenter of things faster than anyone else. They enjoy themselves the\nmost when they’re in the middle of where the action is. Your yellow\nfriend is a ray of sunshine, talking louder and faster than everyone\nelse and lighting up a room with his behavior.\n“Shine all the spotlight on me. See me, hear me, like me.” But this\nmeans that no one else gets any space. Many conversations end up\nwith the Yellow individual loudly and resonantly speaking about his\nexperience or his opinion. No matter what you are talking about—\nwar, starvation, dieting, cars, executives, gardens—a Yellow will\nbring up a story in which he himself is the protagonist. If he doesn’t\nhave any story, he’ll make one up.\nTheir thoughts often begin with the word “I.” “I want,” “I think,” “I\ncan,” “I know,” “I will.” It’s quite natural.", "chunk_index": 280, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 865, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_281", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They like other people, but\nthere is one thing they like even more: themselves.\nConclusion: Yellows need to understand that there are other\npeople in the room or working on the project besides themselves.\nYou can never allow Yellows to consume all the oxygen. They need\nto hear—from someone with courage and perseverance—that they\nhave to let others enter the conversation or whatever it may be.\nIt’s impossible to explain this in the midst of a conversation with\nothers present. It won’t fall on fertile ground. A Yellow can be very\noffended by such criticism. He’ll think things like, “Everyone else just\nthinks of themselves,” or, “I’m the only one who looks out for me.”\nThis type of feedback must be given discreetly and in a positive way.\nIt depends a little bit on how Yellow the person in question is, so you\nwill probably need a plan.\nBe prepared for one thing: You may very well become enemies in\nthe process. You’re definitely taking a risk here.", "chunk_index": 281, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_282", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Hearing that you are\negocentric and self-centered is extremely unflattering. Yellows will\nunderstand this; they’re not stupid. But they will just think that your\nanalysis is wrong. So you’ll have to work a lot here. Or swap pals.\nAll Talk, but No Walk\nI might as well get straight to the point here to avoid confusion:\nYellows talk more than they work. They have a penchant for talking\nabout everything they need to do rather than actually doing anything.\nEveryone who knows a genuine Yellow knows exactly what I’m\ntalking about.\nOkay, so many people have trouble getting motivated to work,\nespecially with boring tasks. But Yellows find it particularly hard to\nleave the starting block when faced with uncomfortable tasks. It may\nbe about having to call a dissatisfied customer, or getting an oil\nchange, or going to the pharmacy. If it’s dull and uninspiring, it won’t\nhappen.", "chunk_index": 282, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_283", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Their excuses for avoiding these tasks will be numerous\nand imaginative.\nBecause a Yellow’s perspective on time is based in the future,\nthey spend more time talking about the future than dedicating their\nenergy to getting there. Seldom have so many crazy plans been\ndrawn up or so many insane goals set as is done by Yellows.\nBecause they think aloud, people around them believe that these\nfantasies are going to happen: “Wow! It sounds amazing!”\nConclusion: To help your Yellow friend you need to make sure\nthat he puts his shovel in the ground and starts digging. Push him,\nbut push gently. Treat him a little bit like you would treat a child. Be\nkind but clear. If he notices that you’re becoming his taskmaster,\nthings may become difficult. Yellows hate feeling controlled. They\nneed the most help to get into gear, but that doesn’t mean they like\nit. They are free souls and don’t obey anyone else.\nSo you need to be diplomatic.", "chunk_index": 283, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_284", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Softly and gently explain the value\nof actually doing the job itself, now that he knows what needs to be\ndone. Take a moment to explain to a Yellow how the great popularity\nhe already enjoys can actually be increased even further if he just\nhappens to get finished. Everyone will love him, and he will be more\nbeloved than ever.\nDoes that sound simple? It is simple. All you need to do is\novercome your resistance to inflating someone’s ego in such an\nobvious way. But it will work.\nRealize That Yellows May See Your Lips Moving but Not Hear Anything\nYou’re Saying\nThis could very well be a subtitle to a section on bad listeners,\nbecause these things are connected to each other. All of us make\nmistakes and no one is perfect. This is obvious to everyone, even to\na Yellow. In hypothetical discussions, Yellows can agree that other\npeople really need to get a grip, sort things out, and do better. They\ncan even admit that there are no perfect people.", "chunk_index": 284, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_285", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "So far, no problems.\nThe problems arise when we try to make a particular Yellow\nunderstand that he may need to improve. This creates a conflict,\nespecially if the criticism is expressed in public.\nYellow people find it difficult to cope with criticism. They don’t like\nit because it doesn’t make them look good. Imagine, there’s\nsomeone who doesn’t like everything they do and everything they\nsay! I have individually sat down with Yellows and given them\npersonal feedback on their profiles. Everything goes fine until we get\nto the page with the heading “Areas of Improvement,” which is to\nsay, weaknesses.\nEven if we’re on good terms, the temperature in the room gets\nsignificantly cooler. Defensive walls pop up quicker than you can say\n“poor self-awareness.” Deep down the Yellow individual knows that\nhe has weaknesses; he just won’t consider talking about them.\nConclusion: If you wish to get through to a Yellow with negative\nfeedback, you need to be persistent.", "chunk_index": 285, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 969, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_286", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Create a friendly atmosphere in\nthe room and find the right tone so that your criticism lands where it\nshould.\nYou can always slam your fist on the table as hard as you can to\nreally shake him up, lay down the cold, hard truth, and give it to him\nstraight. I don’t recommend this. Better to work slowly and\nconsistently, repeating the same feedback until he understands.\nClarity is key. Make sure to be extremely well prepared, with all\npossible facts to substantiate your claims. Yellows are clever\nmanipulators. If he senses that you’re not serious in your criticism\nand that you won’t follow up, he’ll lure you off track. He is good at\nsmokescreens. Make sure you don’t get lost in the fog.\nGet real answers to your questions, and be sure that he\nunderstands the message. Insist that he writes down what you have\nsaid. Ask him to repeat your feedback.\nYou also need to set up a plan of action. But save that for the\nnext meeting. Right now, you’ve probably gotten as far as you can\nwith a Yellow.", "chunk_index": 286, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 184 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_287", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You’ll just exhaust yourself if you keep going.\nOne more thing: This doesn’t happen with positive feedback.\nThen, the Yellow will jump on the bandwagon quicker than you can\nimagine.\nAdapting to Green Behavior\nWhat a Green Expects of You\nEVERYTHING SHOULD FEEL GOOD ALL THE TIME\nSecurity will always be important to a Green. A Green worries\nabout everything that may happen. He doesn’t like insecurity and\nsolves it by hiding under the covers. If you don’t see it, then it’s not\nthere. He doesn’t want to be anywhere if it’s too insecure. He strives\nfor stability and doesn’t even want to think about wild gambles.\nYou may be thinking, The world is a dangerous place to live.\nThere’s an infinite number of dangers out there. Absolutely anything\ncan go wrong. My relationship may fall apart; I might get sick; my\nhusband [or wife] could leave me; my children might think I am an\nidiot. I can lose my job; my boss may start agreeing with my children;\nI could end up in conflict with a lot of people.", "chunk_index": 287, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 996, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_288", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "On the way to work, I\ncould have a car accident. A person can die from a tiny fish bone\ncaught in his throat!\nAll these things make life scary. Anything can happen. Many\nGreens I’ve known over the years in my role as a coach have said\nthat all these potential dangers paralyze them. They become\noverwhelmed with thoughts about these risks and dangers. They\nbecome completely powerless to act. And since they’re not\nparticularly motivated to get out in the world, it becomes easier to\njust stay at home. Nice and safe at home by the hearth.\nIt wasn’t Greens who left their homes and immigrated to America.\nThey would never have gotten on the boat, because who knows how\nthe trip would go? And if you survived the voyage itself, who could\nreally say what you would find when you got there? Those stories\nabout all those people who achieved success and wealth could well\nbe humbug from start to finish.", "chunk_index": 288, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 899, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_289", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And if you did get a job and if you did\nfind somewhere to live, who knows if you would be happy? Imagine\nif you end up even more miserable than you were at home! You\nknow what you have, but you have no idea at all what you’ll get.\nConclusion: Accept that this person doesn’t think like you do.\nAccept that he is driven just as much by fear as by anything else—\nperhaps even more. Show that you’re prepared to listen to what he is\nanxious about. Don’t say things like “There’s nothing to be afraid of.”\nIt doesn’t work because the fear itself is real. And it’s also not true.\nThere are many legitimate things to be afraid of.", "chunk_index": 289, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 624, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_290", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "We all have things\nwe’re anxious about; a Green just has more of them.\nInstead, help your Green friend to face his fear of the unknown.\nEncourage him to brave things that feel scary and still move ahead.\nJust as we learned to swim as children, despite the fact that the\nwater looked cold and dangerous, you can give support through\nsmall, gentle nudges forward.\nWhen your friend says that the grass only looks greener on the\nother side, simply take a deep breath and keep at it.\nNOTHING HAPPENED. TWICE.\nI’m sure you recall that I mentioned the Green’s passivity. Nothing\nis too big to be ignored. Being proactive and driven, having an active\nlifestyle—all these things disturb tranquility. And it won’t be\nappreciated. He won’t be happy if you’re constantly coming up with\nnew things to do.\nGreens feel better when they don’t have to be active.", "chunk_index": 290, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 845, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_291", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They come\nhome on a Friday evening so completely exhausted from spending\nthe week trying to accomplish as little as possible that they now need\nto take a good rest. I’ve met Greens whose efforts to avoid work cost\nthem more energy than actually doing the work.\nThe consequences are obvious to those around them. They don’t\nlike weekends with full schedules. Visiting the mother-in-law,\norganizing a picnic, taking his son to soccer, cleaning out the garage,\ninviting the neighbors over for dinner—everything becomes a burden\nfor him, and half the time nothing gets done at all. A Green glides\nunder the radar and disappears completely. He needs peace and\nquiet to be able to do what he does best. Peace and quiet make him\nfeel safe and content.\nConclusion: It’s important to respect this on one level. We need to\nput ourselves in other people’s shoes, knowing how stressful it can\nbe for them to be constantly on the go. In today’s society, it’s not\npossible to avoid all the bustle and activity.", "chunk_index": 291, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 996, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_292", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It means that a genuine\nGreen often feels that he is doing something wrong. He hears about\neveryone else’s weekends, their activities, how they’ve completed\none complicated project after the other. For a Green that just sounds\nexhausting.\nThe solution is to allow the Green his periods of peace, quiet, and\ninactivity. He needs to function like that. This doesn’t mean, of\ncourse, that he can sit on his butt his whole life, but he does need to\nbe allowed to do a reasonable amount of—nothing.\n“WHERE ARE WE GOING? I THINK I’LL SIT THIS ONE OUT.…”\nStability and predictability are valuable to a Green. And when you\nthink about it, it’s very logical—it’s a good thing knowing what’s going\nto happen. We probably all have some measure of control\ndependency. We simply want to know. For Greens, this dependency\nis very strong. When Reds ask what, Yellows wonder who. When\nBlues ask why, Greens want to know how.\nA Green simply needs to know what the plan is.", "chunk_index": 292, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 955, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_293", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What needs to\nhappen? When will things be taking place? What should he expect?\nJust look at how it works at home. Who always has the same spot\nat the breakfast table? I know that many of us are creatures of habit,\nbut if you snitch a Green’s since-a-long-time-ago-claimed chair, you\nunhinge his very existence and he won’t be able to get his food\ndown.\nBut their need for predictability goes further than that. It’s about\nanything that even resembles change. In our society today, the only\nthing that’s permanent is change. Nothing is totally predictable;\neverything rotates on its own axis and appears in new shapes and\nforms. And all of this is extremely stressful for Greens.\nConclusion: Since a Green won’t come up with anything on his\nown, it will be you and I who will have to handle the planning. But\nmaybe that’s okay. We can help ease Greens’ minds by explaining\nevery step of the plan.", "chunk_index": 293, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 895, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_294", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Instead of just saying that I’ve invited guests\nover for the weekend, I could explain that we will be having John and\nMary over for dinner and we’ll be offering a three-course dinner\nconsisting of an appetizer, a main course, and a dessert. I’ll fix the\nmain course while my Green partner should make the dessert and\nshould follow this recipe. I explain who is doing what. Who will buy\nthe wine, who will buy the flowers, and so on. I might even explain\nwhich day my Green partner has to do the shopping. And who\nknows, maybe I’ll write down the address of the flower shop with a\nlist of exact instructions about what should be purchased.\nDoes this sound exaggerated? Not at all. Remember, Greens\naren’t world champions at taking their own initiative. Think of your\nfamily as a company—everyone doesn’t do the same things,\nbecause we’re good at different things. If you’re better at taking the\ninitiative, do it.", "chunk_index": 294, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 912, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_295", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But make sure that your Green partner is on board.\nOtherwise, there’s a risk that he’ll run out the back door.\nHow to Behave When You Meet a Green\nOkay, now you know how your Green friends would like to be\nhandled. The result will be a calm and excellent relationship, and you\nwill be good friends for many years. Nice, huh? But you can’t stop\nthere, because unless you’re a genuine Green yourself you’ll want to\nactually do something every now and then. And you’ll need to have\nsome appropriate strategies to kick-start your stability-loving friend.\n“Why Does Everything Have to Be Such a To-do? Ugh. I’m Going to Bed.”\nI’ve said this before, but we need to spill more ink on this issue.\nGreens don’t like friction of any kind. They back off when a\ndiscussion heats up or if you frown at the wrong time. Everything\ncould be a potential conflict, and this is a very bad condition for all\nGreens.", "chunk_index": 295, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 895, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_296", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They lock themselves in and become silent and passive.\nMany years ago, I was giving a sales conference at which I\ntrained sellers in personal effectiveness. One of them was playing\nwith his cell phone unremittingly, and when I—nicely and gently—\nasked him to write his text messages during the break, he\ncompletely stiffened up and stopped speaking. He didn’t respond to\nany questions or take part in any discussions. He didn’t so much as\nlift his pen for the remainder of the day. He glared at me, and when I\nasked what the problem was he just shrugged his shoulders.\nHe gave me what is probably the worst evaluation I have ever\nreceived. Although the conference was five days long, it was that\none day that was critical to him, and he truly cut me to shreds. He\nhad never encountered such a rude and incompetent consultant. He\nfelt as if I had stuck a knife in his back.", "chunk_index": 296, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 872, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_297", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Obviously, this was a\ncompletely unreasonable reaction, especially considering that we\nhad agreed not to use our mobile phones during work sessions. But\nit didn’t matter—this guy still thought that I had wronged him wholly\nand entirely, and he punished me the only way he could: through\ntotal passivity. I phoned him afterwards and confronted him about it.\nHe admitted that it was juvenile behavior and apologized.\nConclusion: If you have a comment to make about a Green’s\nbehavior, make sure you’re careful about how you present it. For\nexample, if it involves criticism, you should deliver it in private. Make\nsure that the person you are talking to understands that you still like\nhim, but that you believe that he and the group (work team, sports\nteam, family, association) will function better if he changes certain\nthings. Don’t ask him what he can do about the behavior; just ask\nhim to do certain specific things.", "chunk_index": 297, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_298", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It may be that he knows what to do,\nbut as usual, he will not lead the conversation—you’ll need to do\nthat.\n“It Was Better Before. Much Better.”\nWhen I’m talking about change, one of my favorite exercises is to\nask everyone in the group who is afraid of change to stand up.\nOccasionally someone will stand up, but it’s more common that no\none moves.\nWhy? Because we all understand that change is inevitable and\nnecessary if we’re going to keep up with the world. Some people can\nadmit that they dislike change, but this observation is only at an\nintellectual level. And so we all sit quietly in our seats pretending that\nthere are no opponents to change to be found here. And besides, no\none else is standing up.\nAfter that, my second question is, “Who thinks that someone else\nin the group is afraid of change?” Suddenly the whole group stands\nup, and they look around quite amused. So who doesn’t like\nchange? Answer: “Everyone else.", "chunk_index": 298, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 935, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_299", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And because those other people\nare the problem, I don’t need to do anything at all.”\nThe issue is widespread. The majority of the population has\nGreen as its dominant quality. This is the main reason why we can’t\naccept change with open arms. Everything new is evil, and it should\nbe strongly discouraged.\nRapid change is the most difficult to accept. The faster it is, the\nworse it is. So the faster the wheels of society spin, the more frantic\nall those opponents of change become. We see this all the time in\nnew reports. Yellows and Reds devise constant change, Greens and\nBlues, who are in the majority, try to keep up. And the stress just\nincreases.\nConclusion: If you want Greens to accept change, you’ll have to\nequip yourself with a good dollop of patience. Break down the\nprocess into small pieces and set aside a few weeks to persuade,\nwin over, and spell out the particulars.", "chunk_index": 299, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 887, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_300", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You must describe the\nprocess in detail, and since no one is going to take any notes, you’ll\nhave to go through it again, and again, and again until the message\ngets home.\nThe group must get the chance to feel its way to the only possible\nsolution—change. Once that feeling has developed, you’re home\nfree. But the road is long and complicated. You need to know exactly\nwhere you’re heading, and you need to remind yourself constantly\nwhy you are going through all this trouble. If you are Red, every day\nyou’ll be seized by the urge to simply force your opinion on the\ngroup, but I hardly need to explain that you might as well shut the\ncompany down if you do that. It would spare everyone involved a\ngreat deal of time and suffering.\nSomeone Needs to Take the Helm If We Aren’t Going to Sink to the Bottom\nLet’s be honest—isolated from everything else Green behavior is\nnot a distinct leadership quality. Especially because oftentimes\nleadership is all about change.", "chunk_index": 300, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 968, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_301", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Fortunately, this doesn’t mean that\nthere are no good Green bosses—there are many of them out there\n—but they don’t grow on trees. They won’t step forward in the same\nway as Reds and Yellows do.\nIt’s convenient not to have to take responsibility. I think all of us\nhave a certain degree of laziness in us. It’s liberating not to have to\nthink, to avoid having to decide and just be a passenger. Of course,\nit varies depending on the circumstances, but Greens have\ndeveloped this laziness into an art form. They don’t want any\nresponsibility because a) it can lead to conflict if someone doesn’t\nagree with a decision or b) there may be lots of extra work and that’s\nnever good. And so they dodge it, for as long as possible.\nResponsibility is burdensome, requiring inner strength as well as\nan external drive to assume it. But at the same time, it’s a measure\nof maturity, and it begins with taking responsibility for yourself and\nyour own life.", "chunk_index": 301, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_302", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Greens (and some other colors on occasion) have a\ntendency to blame everything and everyone but themselves. I knew\na woman who had an entire list of things she could blame if\nsomething didn’t go her way. She blamed the government, the\nopposition, taxation, her employer, the state of the market, her\neducation, her parents, her husband, and her children. Sometimes it\nwas the weather’s fault. She blamed everything and everyone\nexcept herself.\nWhat did she gain from this? She didn’t have to take any\nresponsibility herself. Because there was always some other factor\nthat was responsible for this and that, she never had to tackle her\nown problems and really change anything. I remember that I asked\nher to explain how it was possible that she was also not on her own\nlist, but I suspect that she didn’t understand the question.\nGiven the monumental passivity a Green person can\ndemonstrate, we immediately end up with problems.", "chunk_index": 302, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_303", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If someone\ndoesn’t row the boat or take the helm, no amount of prayer will ever\nhelp. And Greens will remain seated, waiting for help. (Usually,\nsomeone comes and helps out; so, despite everything, they survive.)\nConclusion: If you want to make headway with a large group of\nGreens, you have to take command, get a firm hold on the steering\nwheel, and, in some cases, simply get into the driver’s seat yourself.\nAsking a group of Greens to solve a task is as much use as trying to\nput a brake on a canoe. They won’t get started unless you put them\non the track.\nA doggone-I-thought-they-were-adults approach will not work.\nSure, they’re adults, but they’re children when it comes to such basic\nthings like making decisions. This is because once upon a time they\nmade a decision not to make any decisions. So someone has to put\nhis foot down and just decide.\nDo it and do it now.", "chunk_index": 303, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 878, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_304", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But at the same time, do it gently.…\nAdapting to Blue Behavior\nWhat a Blue Expects of You\nIT’S BEST TO THINK EVERYTHING ALL THE WAY THROUGH FROM THE\nBEGINNING\nA Blue prepares meticulously. If you’ve planned to meet at a\ncertain place at a certain time, you can rest assured that he’ll be\nthere. A Blue will have gone through all the material, analyzed\neverything down to the smallest detail, and he’ll be prepared to\ndiscuss just about anything on the topic. He will have an alternative\nplan and a contingency plan for that as well.\nHE’S THOUGHT OF EVERYTHING, SO YOU SHOULD, TOO\nBeing Blue is a little like doing military service: No excuses will be\nallowed. If you get a flat tire, you should be prepared for it. If there’s\na puncture in the spare tire, you must have a plan for that, too.", "chunk_index": 304, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 791, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_305", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A\nBlue will have some critical questions if you say something like\n“That’s just the way it is.” The next time you meet him, his\nconfidence in you will be tarnished.\nConclusion: Make sure you can show that you’ve done your\nhomework and are well prepared. For example, when a Blue\ncustomer or policy maker has a question you should be able to pull\nout that exact folder from your briefcase. Don’t make a big deal out\nof knowing the answer. He expected nothing less.\nAnd—most important—if you don’t have the answer, just say so.\nAcknowledge that you don’t know. Don’t offer any excuse just to get\nout of the situation. When the Blue discovers the white lie—and he\nwill—you will fall out of favor.", "chunk_index": 305, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 693, "length_words": 125 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_306", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It’s not ideal to have to come back with\nthe answer the next day, but it’s definitely preferable to telling a fib.\nA car salesman I know usually says that when he meets Blue\ncustomers he knows from the outset that the customer is more\ninformed about a particular model of car than he, since as a seller he\nmight have fifty models to keep track of. Blue customers don’t ask\nquestions to find things out; they ask to confirm what they already\nknow. So the car salesman doesn’t even try to pretend anymore. If\nhe doesn’t know the answer, he acknowledges it and then finds out.\nIt’s the only way to win a Blue customer’s confidence.\nWE’RE NOT HERE TO HANG OUT AND BE COZY\nThis is a given if we’re referring to a working relationship. Stick to\nthe job. Make sure to stay focused on the task at hand. A Blue is not\nat all interested in your personal preferences or what you think about\nhis choice of car, house, sport, or anything else that is not related to\nwork. He’s there to work.", "chunk_index": 306, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 186 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_307", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Period.\nI remember once that after about five or six meetings with a\npersonnel manager in a big company I thought I had gotten to know\nhim. We had passed the stage of shaking hands every time, and by\nnow he knew how I preferred my coffee. At the seventh visit it\noccurred to me to ask him what he planned to do over the holidays. I\ndon’t know what came over me. At first his look became vacant and\nthen his anxious eyes began to wander all over the room. I ended up\nsaying some nonsense to cover up my mistake. I hadn’t told him\nwhat I had done on my holidays, either. About four visits later, he\ninformed me gently that he planned to go to Thailand over the new\nyear with his family.\nThat was the opening.\nConclusion: Stick to the task. Work with checklists where factual\nmatters are noted—things you can tick off together with the Blue. If\nyou’re Yellow, put a part of your spontaneity aside. For that matter,\nput away as much spontaneity as you can. Force yourself to do one\nthing at a time.", "chunk_index": 307, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 191 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_308", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Remind yourself that a Blue will rarely or never ask\nhow things are going or show interest in your personal problems.\nDon’t ask how things are going for him on a personal level, either.\nThe word itself would be his answer: “Personal. This is private. Stay\noff.” In time he will open up if he wants to. It’s not that he doesn’t like\nyou; he just wants to work first. Accept this and it will go well.\nNO VISION NECESSARY. LET’S ALL STAY IN THE REAL WORLD, THANK\nYOU VERY MUCH.\nYour Blue friends aren’t flying around up there in the blue, blue\nsky. They’re on the ground using their critical minds to judge whether\nthings are realistic or not. While you may think they’re boring,\nsuspicious, or downright pessimistic, they believe that they’re only\nrealists.", "chunk_index": 308, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 755, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_309", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They want to know what reality looks like, not what the world\nlooks like if you’re a dreamer or a visionary.\nI remember once when I was working in the banking world we\nwere having a kickoff event and I wanted to inspire my team to do\ngreat things, the likes of which had never before been seen. I\nfinished my rousing speech by exclaiming, “Soon we will stand on\ntop of the peak of success and look down on the market we’ve\nconquered. We, all of us, will be atop that mountain!” While both\nYellow and Red and, to a certain extent, Green employees smiled\nand were hyped up, the Blues only said one thing: “We can’t imagine\nourselves up there. How did we get up there?”\nThe Yellows shouted, “Don’t you have any vision?”\nAnd the Blues replied, “We have Excel.”\nIf a plan seems crazy, a Blue will never have any confidence in it.\nThere’s no point in playing on his feelings or trying to promote ideas\nthat are way too wild.", "chunk_index": 309, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_310", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What you say needs to have realistic\nperspectives; otherwise, you won’t get anywhere.\nConclusion: Think through what you want to say and what you\nwant to convince a Blue to believe. Put daydreams and visions\naside. It may even be worth rethinking the kind of language you will\nuse to talk about your plan. Skip all those inspirational speeches that\nYellows and Reds adore. Stick to the facts, and be clear.\nIf you have an idea that hasn’t been tested before, try to set\nreasonable goals. Don’t say that you will dominate the market within\nthree months or that the Little League team will win the\nchampionship despite having lost all of their matches so far. They’ll\nonly consider you a lunatic.", "chunk_index": 310, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 694, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_311", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you have Yellow in your own profile,\nyou should really think twice about how you interact with Blues.\nYou’re already fighting an uphill battle as far as a Blue is concerned.\nAnd be careful to avoid any overly dramatic body language.\nDETAILS: FACTS ARE THE ONLY THINGS THAT MATTER\nDetails are essential to communicating with a Blue. If you really\nwant to get through to them, you must make sure to be very exact.\nCarelessness or ignoring the details won’t be appreciated.\nMore than one seller has been turned out of a sales visit due to\nnegligence—for failing to know the nitty-gritty details. And remember\nthat it’s not a question of whether the details are crucial for a\nparticular decision or not. They may have no real bearing on the\nissue at all. But a Blue decision maker simply wants to know.\nHe also wants to know exactly. If you’re asked how much a\nparticular product costs, don’t say, “About ten dollars.” Say, “Nine\ndollars and seventy-three cents.” It’s a precise answer.", "chunk_index": 311, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_312", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A Blue is\nmore interested in an exact price than a low price. He may very well\nnegotiate, but he wants to know the precise cost.\nConclusion: Prepare yourself well. When you think you’re\nprepared and that you know all there is to know about an issue, go\nthrough it all one more time. Make sure you have answers to\nabsolutely everything. Accept that this person might want to have\nmore data to feel secure. Give him the details he needs in order to\nmove on. He’ll always wonder if there’s any more information. But\nthis way, you can keep him calm and, you hope, content.\nTHERE’S NO SUBSTITUTE FOR QUALITY\nQuality is what drives a Blue. Everything else is secondary.\nEverything else he focuses on stems from a deeply rooted desire\nthat everything must be perfect. A Blue is discontented if he’s not\nallowed to perform his work to an exacting standard. It has nothing to\ndo with what quality of work is actually needed.", "chunk_index": 312, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_313", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It’s simply due to his\nbelief that things must always be done the proper way.\nThis, of course, takes a huge amount of time. But the advantage\nis obvious—if you do it right from the beginning, you will avoid having\nto redo it. This is actually a great way of saving time. But since a\nBlue does not think in terms of hours, days, or even weeks—but\nrather in months and years—he doesn’t see the potential downside\nof his exacting standards. If a thing is worth doing, it’s worth doing\nright—and that takes time. It’s as simple as that.\nConclusion: Be particularly meticulous in your work when trying to\nimpress a Blue; otherwise, he will view you as sloppy and careless.\nYou should be on your guard about expressing yourself using\nnegative terms concerning how the Blue spends too much time just\non quality. Use words like “careful control,” “properly inspected,” “the\nimportance of quality.” Avoid criticizing Blues for taking too much\ntime or fussing over details that may be unnecessary.", "chunk_index": 313, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_314", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Instead, praise\nthem for their attention to detail and the superior work they do. Let\nthe Blue understand that you are doing quality work and that you\nunderstand its value.\nThis means that you should prepare very carefully before any\nmeetings with a Blue. He judges you by the merit of the work you\ncreate. Not by how funny you are, not by who you know, not by\nwhether or not you invite him to fancy lunches. None of this means\nanything if you are careless. When you are finished with a task—\ndouble-check it. If possible—triple-check. Have someone else look at\nit. Only then should you show it to your Blue colleague.\nHow to Behave When You Meet a Blue\nJust agreeing to a Blue’s initiative would be like driving a car with the\nparking brake on. Your task is most likely to get things moving, but\nyou can’t just hit the gas. Instead, you need to find the right lever to\npull and take off the Blue parking brake.\nA Blue has feelings like everyone else, and he appreciates\npeople.", "chunk_index": 314, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_315", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It just looks a little different. Because most of a Blue’s\nemotions are self-contained, he may seem a little cold. No facial\nexpressions to speak of, no gestures, no emotional expressions at\nall. Blues often don’t seem interested in other people and simply\nfocus on the issue at hand.\nIf we’re sitting in an accounting firm or if we’re trying to solve an\nimportant problem in the company, then this is a good approach. But\nevery time other people, especially Yellows or Greens, are involved,\na Blue’s tendency to dissociate from others can be problematic. He\nsimply doesn’t realize that other people don’t function in the same\nway. People want to feel like they can relate to this person. They\ndon’t want to feel like robots.\nConclusion: Remind him that other people have feelings.", "chunk_index": 315, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 781, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_316", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Give\nexamples of times when he bruised other people’s feelings—like\nwhen he pointed out all the flaws in the neighbor’s new house.\nExplain that he doesn’t need to express himself critically all the time.\nShow him that people can take great offense when others criticize\ntheir home, car, spouse, or children. Be clear and tell him that being\nhonest isn’t an excuse for being callous and remind him that it isn’t\nas simple as “saying things as they are.” He didn’t say things as they\nare. He only said what he thought or believed about a certain thing.\nPoint out that constant criticism rarely accomplishes anything.\nThis won’t be an easy task, because he will think that you are wrong.\nHe has every right to criticize and point out errors and flaws. If he\nsees an error, he can’t just ignore it. You might just have to tell him\nthat he’s being impossible.\nThe Devil’s in the Details\nHave you ever listened to a Blue tell an interesting story? Let’s\nsay he got a flat on the highway.", "chunk_index": 316, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 981, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_317", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll begin by saying that his alarm\nclock, a Sony, rang a minute earlier because it was Thursday and on\nThursdays he gargles a little longer with Listerine—the green kind,\nsince a taste test done by Consumers Union, the largest\nindependent consumer-testing organization in the world, in their\nbulletin issued last March clearly demonstrated that it’s preferable.\nBreakfast consisted of two seven-minute eggs and coffee.\nNespresso has a new roast, but he didn’t enjoy it. At least 9 percent\nof the beans were damaged, which made him reflect on how bean\nstructure affects the mouthfeel of the coffee. Then he fetched the\nnewspaper The New York Times, since they had made a special\noffer, 18 percent discount for three months. At the post office he\nspoke to his neighbor—who also reads The New York Times—about\nthe best way to take care of the lawn in September.", "chunk_index": 317, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 860, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_318", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "“There’s an\ninteresting website that discusses different types of autumn fertilizer,\nvery fascinating.…”\nRome Wasn’t Built in a Day!\nHaste is only for sloppy people. We can tell Blues to hurry up, but\nit goes in one ear and out the other. Speed isn’t an end in itself.\nOftentimes, Blues slow down even more when they’re feeling stress,\nsince in a high-stakes situation you really don’t have time to make\nmistakes. Better to be careful to avoid time-consuming fixes.\nThis may be true, but sometimes things are urgent, particularly in\nour fast-paced society—hurry to work, hurry at work, hurry home\nfrom the same job. Hurry in school, in traffic, in the supermarket—\neverywhere, everything is urgent. I don’t encourage any form of\nbehavior that may lead to stress-related illnesses. But sometimes\nyou have to speed up in order to stay in the race. Outwardly, the\nBlue is quite unmoved.", "chunk_index": 318, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 883, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_319", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He works at his own pace without worrying\nthat those around him may burn out from their more hectic pace.\nThey actually have themselves to blame.\nConclusion: Calmly and methodically tell the Blue that next week\nhe’ll need to work at a faster pace. Explain exactly why this is so\nimportant. Establish that you have only forty-eight hours left to\ncomplete the project. This time is precious and must be used\ncorrectly. Point to the big picture. Give him valid reasons he should\ngo against his instincts.\nYou can readily prove your point by highlighting the long-term\nplan: “We must stay on track or we’ll miss our next deadline.” If, for\nexample, you’re talking about renovating your house, it might be\nhelpful to negotiate in advance when everything will be ready. If the\nin-laws are arriving in four weeks, then the house must be done by\nthen no matter what. Calculate how many hours can be devoted to\nthe renovations.", "chunk_index": 319, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 918, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_320", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Decide which activities should be given priority.\nMake sure the Blue sticks to his schedule and keeps moving forward\nonce he’s completed each task. Otherwise, the risk is that he will\nspend five hours polishing the finer details—time that he doesn’t\nhave.\nIf you have all the time in the world, well, that’s another matter.\n“If It’s in the Book, It Must Be True”\n“Can’t we go by our gut feelings?” Try saying that to a strictly Blue\nindividual and see what happens. Gut feeling is the opposite of\nrational thought, and nothing could be more foreign to the Blue.\nWait a minute: Does this mean that you should never use your\nown intuition if you’re working with Blues? Even Blue individuals\nhave what we call a sixth sense or “nose” for what can be right. The\ndifference is that they don’t trust it because it can, of course, be\nwrong. The problem is that it’s impossible to prove anything with the\nhelp of gut feeling. The only thing that counts is the facts.", "chunk_index": 320, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_321", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And even\nthe facts might not be enough—there may be more information out\nthere that would change everything!\nConclusion: Tell your Blue friend that if he has to make a decision\nwithout all the facts, he can follow his gut. This can apply to work or\nordering at a new restaurant. Speak clearly and loudly to the Blue,\nand explain that if he doesn’t make a decision he’ll end up going\nhungry. Prove that it’s better to do something rather than remaining\nparalyzed, waiting for more information.\nPoint out that that it’s logical to use intuition in this situation\nbecause you don’t have all of the facts. Explain that the results will\nstill be good—maybe just 95.3 percent of what they could be but still\ngood. Help him to calculate risk but also to move on.\nDecisions Made Here\nBecause the Blue experiences the decision itself as less\nimportant than the path to the decision, stagnation can occur.", "chunk_index": 321, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 895, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_322", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "After\npainstakingly collecting facts and meticulously studying all available\nconditions, you finally come to the moment of truth—the decision.\nThere is a risk that everything can deadlock. On the one hand … but\non the other hand …\nA project manager I met a few years ago wanted to buy a new\ncar. For eight months he test-drove sixteen different makes. Over\nfifty different models in different combinations: different engines,\nbodies, transmissions, interiors, colors. He tried everything. Fabric\nversus leather upholstery. Gas versus diesel. Automatic versus\nmanual. He did calculations on fuel consumption and depreciation\nand gave different graphs to respective car salesmen for an\nevaluation. After considerable internal torment, he bought a Volvo\nV70, then the country’s most popular car, in metallic silver, the most\npopular color at that time. This particular model was the most tested\ncar of all by the various consumer agencies that year.", "chunk_index": 322, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_323", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You would\nthink he could have picked that car just by reading about it.\n“Why did you go and buy the most common, boring car after all\nthat research?” everyone asked. “Why not?” he replied.\nYou can help with a Blue’s decision stagnation. Provide him with\nthe crucial piece to the puzzle. Softly and gently, try to steer him in\nthe right direction or, in any case, in a direction.\nConclusion: Pay attention to when the decision process stalls out.\nSuppose, for example, two equally strong candidates have applied\nfor an opening at your company. So far, everything has gone well.\nThe Blue decision maker has submitted detailed information via\nemail and kept everyone informed about the necessary steps. The\nprocess has been followed to the letter.\nIn order to get something to happen, provide the decision maker\nwith the necessary data required for him to make a decision about\none of the candidates. Push him to make a choice. Remind him that\nthe deadline is approaching.", "chunk_index": 323, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 969, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_324", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Point out the repercussions of delaying\nthe decision—the quality of the company’s work will suffer if he\ndoesn’t hire a new employee. Explain that everything has been\nproperly considered and that, regardless of which candidate he\nchooses, all the risks have been eliminated.\nIn Conclusion\nNow you have some basic information about how you can interact\nwith the different colors so that you can get to where you want to go.\nThe first step is to try to tune into the frequency of others and then\nadapt to them. In this way, you gain their trust and they are able to\nrecognize themselves in you.\nSo the basic rule is to meet a Red with Red behavior, Yellow with\nYellow, Green with Green, and finally Blue with Blue. You may think\nthat it sounds simple. The difficulty comes, for example, if you are\nYellow and must adapt to a Blue.", "chunk_index": 324, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 828, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_325", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You might need more training here.\nIt depends on what color you are, how strong your self-awareness is,\nand how willing you are to make headway with a specific contact in\nyour everyday life. You can always do what Adam did—you can\ncontinue being yourself.\nThe next step will be to start leading the person away from\ncommon pitfalls. As you have seen, each color has its obvious\nweaknesses. Here a Blue can help a Yellow become more concrete\nand the Yellow can perhaps persuade the Blue to loosen up and be\na little more spontaneous.\nAt the risk of sounding clichéd—it’s all about working together,\nabout meeting one another in the middle. You already knew that, but\nnow you know how to do it.\nHow to Deliver Really Bad News\nThe Challenge of Speaking Your Mind\nWho looks forward to bad news? No one. And yet, every now and\nthen, we still need to break some bad news. In the world around us,\nthe unexpected can happen, and sometimes the lot falls to you to\ninform someone about something negative.", "chunk_index": 325, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_326", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Reds are the best at\ndelivering news that no one wants to hear. Rather insensitively,\nthey’ll just come out and say that you’ve been fired, before asking\nyou if you would like milk in your coffee. Tricky? No, not at all. He\nwas just finished with the task at hand.\nBut there’s a difference, of course, between bad news and bad\nnews. It’s one thing to convey a personal criticism and another to tell\nyou that your grandmother has just died. The latter is always difficult,\nand no one will receive that news well. However, the former can be\nfine-tuned and adjusted in a way that makes it easier for someone to\nreceive.\nFeedback alone is a gigantic topic. It gives many people a\nstomachache just thinking about it, and many people I meet during\nmy leadership programs find this area particularly difficult. Not only is\nit difficult to give feedback, but it also seems to be difficult to receive\nit. This is really strange, because the latter means just sitting there\nand listening.", "chunk_index": 326, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_327", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But anyone who has received some hard criticism and\nleft the room afterwards knows that sometimes you can’t utter a\nword. When delivered badly, it will leave you feeling sick.\nThe solution for many executives I meet seems be simply\nskipping giving any kind of feedback. We don’t know how to give\neither positive or negative feedback, so we ignore it. I hardly need to\npoint out why this isn’t a good solution.\nThe Downside of Just Doing Your Job\nOnce, many years ago, I had a colleague, Micke, who was\nexceptionally good at his job. Of all of us, he was the one who\nalways met his budget targets. He had won every sales contest and\nwas held in high esteem by customers. Boxes of chocolates and\nbottles of wine would arrive for him from far and wide on a regular\nbasis.\nWhat do you do with a colleague like that? You make sure that he\nstays. Easier said than done. As his boss, I wanted to show my\nappreciation for all his hard work. So, I called his wife and prepared\neverything.", "chunk_index": 327, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 979, "length_words": 184 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_328", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "One Friday, just after lunch, I summoned the team to the\nconference room. In front of everyone, I pulled Micke up and\nexplained that he was greatly appreciated and that we, as a group,\nwanted to show how happy we were to have him on our team. I said\nhe should take the rest of the afternoon off, take his wife out to\ndinner, and go to the cinema, and that I would foot the bill. I gave him\nfifty dollars—you understand that this was some years ago—and two\nmovie tickets. The babysitter was already arranged, so off Micke\nwent. We cheered and applauded a little more, and the whole thing\nbecame a big feel-good moment.\nMicke didn’t say a word. Until afterwards.\nHe took me aside and gave me one of the worst telling-offs I have\never received. How could I do that to him? Parade him out in front of\nall twenty-seven people, who just stood and stared at him! Awful! He\nwas just doing his job. He made me promise never to do anything\nlike that again. He was mad with me for a week.\nMicke was Green.", "chunk_index": 328, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 191 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_329", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Does this give you any clues?\nFeedback Immunity\nThere are many ways to give feedback, whether positive or negative,\nin the wrong way. Now I am going to share some ways you can\nproperly give feedback. The funny thing is that this approach works\njust as well whether the feedback is positive or negative. Some\npeople are immune to the first kind, others to the latter. I’ve chosen\nto focus on negative feedback, as this is typically the most difficult. If\nyou can manage to deliver that, then you can probably manage the\npositive.\nThe following advice works just as well for your private life as it\ndoes for work. The only thing you need to know is what color your\ntarget is. So it begins as usual by you analyzing what colors are in\nthe room. Once you’ve done that, you just have to set to work. The\naim is to get the person to listen to your comments and, ultimately, to\ncreate change.", "chunk_index": 329, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 885, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_330", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "All of the challenges of the previous chapter, about\nhow others may perceive the different colors, can be dealt with if you\njust know how. The next sections explain just that. Many of the basic\ntechniques in each section are similar no matter what color you’re\ntalking to, but in each case the way you approach the person will\nvary depending on who he is and how he’ll receive feedback.\nHow to Give Feedback to a Red—If You Dare\nGood news: You don’t need any great skill to give negative feedback\nto a Red. The only thing you need is a Kevlar vest and fire-resistant\nhair. Because no matter how you do it, the temperature in the room\nwill rise. If you’re prepared for it, there won’t be any major problems.\nBut if a Red doesn’t respond to what you say, then you have reason\nto worry. Either he’s ignoring you and what you’re saying or he’s\nseriously ill. But the following scenario is the most common.", "chunk_index": 330, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 901, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_331", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "So hold\non to your hat.\nDon’t Gift Wrap Things\nLet me be very clear here—when you’re conveying criticism to a\nRed, the simplest way to do so is to avoid any form of decorative\nwrapping. It’s enough of a challenge to even get through to Reds\nwith your criticism, because a Red always believes that he is right\nand you are wrong.\nMany years ago, I discussed Red behavior with a group of\nsellers, most of who were Yellow. They understood quite quickly\nwhat Red behavior was, and the Reddest person who came to mind\nat that time was their boss, the sales director. They described him as\nboorish, a bad listener, completely insensitive, manipulative,\nunrelenting, often in a foul mood, too much in a hurry, plus a whole\nbunch of other less flattering descriptors. The group was seriously\nconcerned because they suspected that he hated his staff. Sure, he\nalso worked very hard, and they respected him for that.", "chunk_index": 331, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 905, "length_words": 161 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_332", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But since he\nsometimes asked for ideas and then proceeded to lambast anything\nthat didn’t suit his own agenda, they never got anywhere. Besides\nthat, he controlled everything they did, in detail, which was probably\nthe reason he worked so hard. The whole situation sounded\ndisturbing, and the sales team would soon fall apart if nothing was\ndone.\nI called the sales director in and explained what the group had\nsaid. He listened with increasing interest but without showing any\ngreat concern. But his reaction was interesting. Once I had explained\nto him that his twenty sales reps—the most important resource he\nhad to reach his personal goals—thought that he was an insensitive\nand aggressive son of a bitch, he replied, “This is just a handful of\nanecdotes. It’s not about me. It’s their incompetence that’s the\nproblem.", "chunk_index": 332, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 823, "length_words": 138 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_333", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If they just worked harder and did a better job, I wouldn’t\nhave to push them so hard.”\nWhen I explained that his impatience was stressing the group and\nmade the sales reps insecure in their work, he replied that it wasn’t\nhis fault. Impatience wasn’t a weakness—it was a strength, for\nPete’s sake! If he were to drag his feet the same way everyone else\nwas doing in this company, nothing would get done. If they just\nbothered to increase their pace a little bit, then he could calm down\nand not be so aggressive. But the problem wasn’t really him—it was\nthem.\nGive Very Concrete Examples\nAs is often the case with Reds, everyone else was the real cause\nof the problem. Although Reds are efficient at getting things done,\nthey can also be quick to appoint scapegoats.", "chunk_index": 333, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 767, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_334", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Remember the\ncompetitive element that constantly lies in wait beneath the surface.\nMy way of getting through to this man was to break the whole thing\ndown into tiny pieces and point to specific examples.\nFor instance, I explained that when he, at nine o’clock on a Friday\nnight, called up a seller to grill him about a particular customer, he\nruined the poor man’s weekend. There was no point in saying that\nthe sales rep was a nervous wreck or that he couldn’t sleep,\nbecause this boss would just have ignored it. He wasn’t responsible\nfor how people felt. However, I was able to point out that the sales\nrep would come back to work on Monday morning completely\nexhausted by the mental effort. And then he wouldn’t be able to do\nhis job to the best of his ability. Nothing would be sold that day. By\ncoaching the sales director to give clear answers, I got him to see\nthat he would have problems if his sales team wasn’t able to\nperform.", "chunk_index": 334, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 938, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_335", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Suddenly he had a reason to rethink.\nStick to the Facts\nAnother trick to keep in mind: A Red is not that interested in the\nfeelings of others or what people think. He prefers to focus on facts\nand likes to fix things. He sees himself as an excellent problem\nsolver. I delivered my criticism by placing the boss in the position of\nthe key, the only key to the team’s success. Basically, it appealed to\nhis ego. He saw himself as the great leader whose ability to lead the\ngroup was the critical factor in creating total dominance in the\nindustry.\nBe Prepared for War\nSo, step by step, example after example, situation to situation, I\nwent through the sales team’s perceptions of him. The sales director\nprotested each time and, without exception, argued strongly against\nany hint of personal criticism. The only thing he did was his job. For\nevery example I gave, I had to repeat the same thing—it didn’t\nmatter what he thought; as long as this was what the sales reps\nthought, he had a problem.", "chunk_index": 335, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_336", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He swore and fussed and accused me of\nincompetence. He would never hire me again. No one would ever\nhire me again after the uncalled-for attack I had subjected him to. I\nwas finished in the industry.\nI refused to play along with his ranting and raving. I leaned back\nin my chair and waited for the storm to abate. The worst thing you\ncan do in such a situation is play along with the theatrics and start\nyelling and pounding your fist on the table. The Red’s natural instinct\nto win any given situation will then take over completely. He won’t be\nable to think long term and will become focused on winning right\nnow. He’ll ignore the fact that we’re working together and that we’re\ngoing to meet again tomorrow. He’s out to win in this moment, even\nif it costs him a relationship. He ignores the consequences,\naggression takes over, and the real battle begins.\nBut if you refuse to play along, you can manage Reds’ anger.", "chunk_index": 336, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_337", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "So I\nremained seated, and when he finally calmed down I simply\ncontinued to the next point, without saying a single word to indicate\nthat I had been influenced by his ranting and raving. Step by step, I\ngot him to see the impact of his conduct on the group. And little by\nlittle, he began to realize that he had to learn to control himself when\nthings didn’t go his way at work. He needed to take it easier on other\npeople, to avoid placing unreasonable demands on others, and on\nhimself, and to wait for deadlines instead of demanding delivery a\nweek early, just because he was bored.\nAsk the Person to Repeat What You Said\nSeen from the outside, this whole incident probably looks like a\nviolent quarrel, but I knew that I could make real progress if I didn’t\nlet up.", "chunk_index": 337, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 769, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_338", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "So I did what I recommend everyone trying to give negative\nfeedback to a Red should do—asked the Red to repeat what we’d\nboth just agreed on.\nSo this sales director had to obediently explain how he would act\nin the future, point by point, in certain specific situations. (I had a\nmandate from the CEO to do this, and we both knew it.) And yet\neven though intellectually he knew that I was right, he couldn’t give\nin. He crossed out one of the less important items on the list, clearly\nshowing that it was a victory for him. Somehow, he still had to win.\nConclusion: Prepare yourself extremely well and try not to give\nnegative feedback to a Red if you are not feeling strong that day. You\nneed to be full of self-confidence, so choose your opportunity\ncarefully. A Red is always strong, always full of self-confidence, so\nfor him it doesn’t matter. He will ride into battle at a moment’s notice,\nif necessary. And, prepare yourself for the possibility that he might\ntry to turn the tables.", "chunk_index": 338, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 989, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_339", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll accuse you of everything under the sun so\nthat he can feel he has the upper hand.\nDon’t fall into his trap.\nHow to Give Feedback to a Yellow—If You Have the\nPatience\nYellows are great at many things. Among their great attributes is their\nlove of change. Ideally, they’d change things all the time. You would\nthink that accepting feedback can be a way to start changing the\nthings that need to be improved. In particular, negative feedback is a\ngreat way to find out how to raise your performance to a higher level.\nBut this isn’t quite the way it works with Yellows.\nIn fact, that isn’t how it works at all. When it comes to change,\nYellows are certainly in favor of it, but only if they came up with the\nidea themselves. Criticism from the outside isn’t always well\nreceived.\nJanne, a good friend of mine, is a phenomenal entertainer. There\nisn’t a group he can’t amuse, given enough space.", "chunk_index": 339, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_340", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "His stories are\nusually fantastic, and during dinner out they come, a whole\nsuccession of jokes so that he has everyone rolling in the aisles.\nOne joke after the other, and the whole thing is extremely\nentertaining. Janne is truly funny, no doubt about it.\nBut—and it is a significant but—he dominates everyone else in\nthe room. No one else gets a word in edgeways. If you try, he stops\nand drowns you out, because he doesn’t see you as a partner in a\nconversation but rather as his audience. After a while, the laughter\nfalls silent and things start to get uneasy. Those of us who know\nJanne understand that this is due to his desire to constantly demand\ncenter stage, while, for others, it takes more time to see through him.\nAt a dinner party once, it went so far that people started talking\nabout Janne behind his back. I felt bad for him, so I decided to take\nthe bull by the horns.\nMake an Agenda—Follow It!\nThe first thing I had to do was prepare myself.", "chunk_index": 340, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 961, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_341", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Just sitting down\nwith Janne and speaking from the heart about the issue wasn’t going\nto work. He would just take over the conversation and lure me off the\ntrack. So I decided to give a few concrete examples. I also wrote\ndown exactly what effects his behavior might have on people. And I\ntried to anticipate all his objections.\nOn one occasion, Janne was helping me in my garden and\nafterwards we were sitting in the yard, sweaty and exhausted, each\nof us with a beer in hand. He had just told me about a trip he took to\nSpain and how frightened he was when the boat that was taking\nthem to the tiny island where they were staying almost capsized.\n(His wife had already told me that they hadn’t even gone by boat.\nThey had taken a small local plane.) But when he stopped for breath,\nI seized the opportunity.\n“Janne,” I said. “We need to talk about a serious problem. You\ntalk too much. And you make things up.", "chunk_index": 341, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 911, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_342", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I know that what you just\nsaid isn’t true because I spoke to Lena and she said that you flew to\nthe island. This has to stop or you’re going to end up on bad terms\nwith people.”\nJanne stared at me as if I had lost my mind. “I don’t talk too\nmuch,” he said, a little bit surprised. “And even if I did, it would be\nbecause I have lots to say. I actually remember a time when I—” I\nput up a hand in front of his face and moved it quickly back and forth.\nIt silenced him. I went straight on to the next step.\nGive Very Concrete Examples\n“At the last party we had together, you spoke more than fifty\npercent of the time we were sitting at the dinner table. I timed you.\nWe were there for two hours and you held court for more than one of\nthem.”\n“You laughed,” he said, now quite grumpy.\n“At the beginning. But if you’d been more observant, you would\nhave noticed that it was only at the beginning.", "chunk_index": 342, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_343", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And afterwards I\nheard several people commenting on your need to take center stage\nin rather a negative way.”\nThis made Janne really indignant. “What ungrateful people! There\nI was, entertaining people, and what do I get for it? Sheer hostility! A\nstab in the back!”\n“I’m not evaluating what they said,” I said, “but I noticed that they\nthought you were talking too much. Do you understand what I\nmean?”\nIt’s incredibly important to get the Yellow to acknowledge and\naccept the message. If you don’t recognize a problem, you don’t\nhave to solve it. What did Janne do? He nodded morosely. I thought\nthings were going rather well after all.\nThen something very strange happened.\nBe Aware That His Ears Might Not Be Connected to His Brain\n“I understand that you were bored,” he said. “You’re right. I’ve told\nsome of those old stories way too many times. I need to stop\nrepeating myself.”\nI shook my head in despair. He had totally missed the point.\nI said, “There’s nothing wrong with your stories.", "chunk_index": 343, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 996, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_344", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You just need to\ncut down on the number of them. Take every third one. Skip two out\nof three. The problem is that you talk too much, not that you repeat\nyourself. You have to let the other seven people around the table\nspeak.”\nBut he wasn’t listening; he began telling me a new story just to\ncheck if I had heard it before. I had to repeat the whole thing.\nExplain That You Don’t Dislike Him—Only His Behavior\nCriticizing a Yellow is difficult because they take things personally.\nIf everything isn’t ice cream and sprinkles all the time, then there\nmust be a problem somewhere. They think you’ve suddenly become\nenemies. And Janne reacted in the same way. He physically moved\nseveral inches back away from me, a clear signal that he was upset.\nSo I did what you do with little children: I explained that he was still\nmy friend—probably my best friend—and I thought he was really\nfunny. The only thing I wanted was for him to bury the blabber a little\nbit. He’d just gone overboard a bit.", "chunk_index": 344, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_345", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I told him at least ten times that I\nliked him very much.\nUnfortunately, he’s a frightfully bad listener, so I had to remind\nhim of all the fun things we had done together and that I cared\ntremendously about him. I flattered him and congratulated him on his\nchoice of a new car. I simply manipulated him. A little bit at a time, he\nbegan to thaw, and his body language became less defensive.\nPrepare Yourself for a Strong Defense Mechanism, Especially the Martyr\nComplex\nBut even that wasn’t enough. Janne came back with comments\nlike: “Nobody likes me,” “Everybody else is much more entertaining,”\n“I thought you thought that I was funny.” This was in addition to all\nthe usual defense mechanisms, of course: He was only keeping the\nparty going. It was everyone else who was quiet and boring. What\nwas entertaining about an introverted wallflower? And talking too\nmuch—how was that a problem? On the contrary, it was actually a\nvery nice quality.", "chunk_index": 345, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_346", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I pointed out that his performances left no room for\nothers to speak or participate.\nA concrete example: At the latest dinner, Janne’s wife, Lena, was\nasked a question on five different occasions and every time it was\nJanne who answered. In the end, it was almost ridiculous. Everyone\nnoticed this except Janne. Lena stopped talking completely.\n“But she took so long in answering! And I knew the answer!” He\nunderstood nothing. Or he chose to deliberately be slow on the\nuptake.\nAsk the Person to Repeat What You’ve Agreed To and Follow Up As Soon As\nYou Can\nThis is easier said than done. Both times we met right after our\nconversation, he was on the alert. At one point he remained silent\nduring the entire party. Sure, it was a childish way to point out his\nmisery, and it was clearly obvious that he was about to burst with\nfrustration. Not allowing him to talk was like denying him oxygen.\nAnd what irritated him most of all was that no one around the table\nasked why he wasn’t saying anything.", "chunk_index": 346, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_347", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Couldn’t they see that he was\nputting on this show for their sake?\nWhat happened was that his wife began speaking more, and\npeople really enjoyed her conversation because she was so\npleasant.\nAfter a while, Janne went back to his usual self. It was the easiest\nway. He saw no direct benefit from keeping quiet. And Lena fell silent\nagain. In Janne’s case, I valued our friendship more than trying to\nchange his behavior. I never took up the issue again, but sometimes\nI take Janne breaks. I simply need to have a good rest from him. If\nhe had been a coworker instead of a friend, I would have followed up\nseveral times to ensure he really made a change.\nConclusion: Despite their flexibility and creativity, Yellows are\nactually the most difficult to change. They don’t listen and only\nimplement changes that they themselves have thought of.", "chunk_index": 347, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 841, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_348", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What you\nneed to do is massage their egos as much as you can bear and put\nwords into their mouths.\nIt’s worth remembering that their short memories also apply to\nhard feelings. Although they feel awful when criticized, they soon\nforget. They simply repress everything that is difficult or unpleasant.\nSo if you can just cope with the groans and the moans and maybe a\nfew tears in between, you can continue towards your goal. Achieving\nthat change that will do you both a world of good.\nWith patience and perseverance, you’ll eventually succeed.\nHow to Give Feedback to a Green—but Think Twice\nBefore You Do\nThis is the section I would rather skip. Why? you may be wondering.\nSimple. Criticizing a Green can be cruel. They will feel bad and will\nsimply withdraw and shut down. In general, they have weaker egos\nand can often be very self-critical.", "chunk_index": 348, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 846, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_349", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You don’t want to increase this\nburden even more.\nIt’s important to note that there is a difference between being self-\ncritical and changing and being self-critical and not doing anything\nabout it. Many Greens roam through life wishing that things were\ndifferent. But they rarely have the drive to do anything about it. So\nthey continue to be dissatisfied. Sometimes I think that’s an end in\nitself, not to be satisfied. It’s a way to get some attention, to gain\nsome power. I know many Greens who control everything and\neveryone in their families by simply refusing to do anything\nwhatsoever. Psychologists call this being passive-aggressive—a\nvery apt expression.\nHowever, if you would like to give feedback to a Green, here are\nsome methods that might work. Just make sure that you’re really\ncommitted before you get started.\nGive Concrete Examples, and Use a Gentle Approach\nOf course, it’s always good to be concrete.", "chunk_index": 349, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 923, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_350", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The difference here is\nthat a Green actually listens, which both previous colors did not. A\nGreen hears what you’re saying and dislikes what he hears. But you\nhave to be concrete, and you might be able to do this in the same\nway as with Reds—but in reverse.\nWhile it doesn’t work to tell a Red that you feel bad because of\nhis behavior or that others feel ill at ease because of something he\ndid, that’s precisely what works best here. A Green is a relational\nperson and doesn’t like to offend. It may seem manipulative, but if a\ncertain form of behavior makes you sad, angry, or just generally\ndejected say that. A Green person will sense your mood, and he’ll\npick up what you are saying if you dare to be honest about it.\nBe Gentle, but Don’t Backpedal\nIt is all about clarity again. If you have any shred of humanity,\nyou’ll see how a Green falls apart the more you give him negative\ncriticism.", "chunk_index": 350, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 897, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_351", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you say to your partner that his constant habit of sitting in\nfront of the television watching sports such as football makes you\nfeel completely neglected and unloved, you’ll immediately see how\nmuch this news affects him. But then it’s important that you not\nbacktrack on your statement and say things like “Maybe it’s not that\nbad,” or “I still have some projects I’ve been wanting to work on while\nyou relax.” Dare to be clear, and go straight to the point.\nYou need to convey your message in the right way. Clearly but\nsoftly. A hand on someone’s shoulder can be enough to send a\nsignal that “we’re still friends, but I have a problem when you do this\nor that.”\nDeal with the Green’s Response “You’re Right—I’m So Stupid!”\nTotal appeasement. A Green’s reaction when you tell him how\nyou feel about his behavior is a variation on the Yellow’s martyr\ncomplex. A Green will prostrate himself, accusing himself of being all\nkinds of stupid things.", "chunk_index": 351, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_352", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Often there will be comments like “I will never\ndo that again.” Severe compliancy is sometimes unavoidable, and\ntears may flow. Greens crush themselves with additional arguments\nabout why they’re useless and stupid. They’ll kneel in your presence\nfor weeks afterwards and try to placate you in all kinds of ways that\nhave nothing to do with the issue at hand.\nI heard a story about a man who was told by his wife that she\nreally hated that every single evening he simply had to spend a\ncertain amount of time playing video games (a creature of habit). He\nadmitted that it was childish, unnecessary, and costly. (He spent a\nconsiderable amount of money buying upgrades and features for the\ngames.) He promised to be more attentive to her needs. He\npromised everything and more besides to make up for his dismal\nbehavior. The following six months, he hurried home from work to do\nthe cooking before she arrived.", "chunk_index": 352, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_353", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He bought her flowers once a week,\nand he massaged her feet without her even having to ask.\nVery sweet and very appreciated—except that he didn’t actually\ndo what she asked him to, namely, to stop playing computer games.\nHe had avoided accepting that particular detail. After all, he had\nnever promised to stop straightaway.\nBe Sure to Explain That the Behavior Is the Problem, Not the Person\nAs with Yellows, dealing with a Green is like dealing with young\nchildren—“Daddy loves you, sweetie, but can you please stop eating\nice cream on the sofa?” The risk is that the negative feedback will\ndamage your relationship with the person. But you can easily solve\nthis by quickly coming back to the person with good news and\npositive feedback. In this case, it’s not enough just to say that you’re\nonly concerned about one problematic issue. You need to show in\naction that you’re not planning to assassinate him.", "chunk_index": 353, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_354", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He must be\nreassured by what you do, not just by what you say.\nAsk the Person to Repeat What You Have Agreed On—and Follow Up!\nI’ve noticed that Greens don’t always write down what you say to\nthem, so it’s a good idea to check with them to make sure you’ve\nboth interpreted the conversation the same way. If you have a\ncolleague and would like him to be a bit more punctual, make sure\nhe understands that the only issue is his timekeeping. He may very\nwell have gotten the idea that you were actually upset about\nsomething else entirely.\nWe often assume others will behave the same way we would in\nany given situation. And because Greens can be quite vague when\nthey speak to others and often avoid talking about the real problem,\nthey frequently get the idea that you’re really talking about something\nelse. They never go straight to the point themselves, so they assume\nyou haven’t, either.", "chunk_index": 354, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_355", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "So what could you possibly be so unhappy\nabout?\nMake sure you’re both in agreement about what the problem is.\nAnd follow up. We’re talking about changing something and creating\na new pattern of behavior. And, as usual, Greens will try to solve the\nproblem by doing … nothing.\nMake sure that doesn’t happen!\nConclusion: If you’re human, which I think you are, you may have\na guilty conscience and think that you went at the Green guy way too\nhard. I remember one occasion when I argued with an employee\nbecause, in my opinion, she didn’t do what she was supposed to.\nHer reaction was to completely fall apart, and she didn’t come to\nwork for two days. When we spoke about it afterwards, it turned out\nthat I hadn’t actually asked her to do those specific tasks. I’d just\nassumed that she looked at things the way I did.\nI can admit that at the time I was an inexperienced and ineffective\nboss.", "chunk_index": 355, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 892, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_356", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I made a classic mistake—I looked at the situation through my\nown glasses and became furious when her glasses showed\nsomething else. And when I realized this later on, I felt quite\nashamed of myself. She looked so distressed and went out of her\nway to avoid meeting me. For a long time I barely dared to say much\nmore than hello and good-bye to her. She did what Greens are good\nat: She ducked down and did even less work than usual.\nMany Greens have an uncanny sixth sense that tells them when\nit’s time to take things extra easy. But here it derailed. This woman\ndid virtually nothing at all because she could sense my guilt and\nhesitation. She simply took advantage of my bad conscience to get\naway with it. I lost her completely. In the end, she was laid off\nbecause she didn’t do her job and I was severely criticized by my\nboss because I hadn’t dealt with the issue.\nMake sure that you don’t make the same mistake I did. Don’t let\nthings go too far.", "chunk_index": 356, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 955, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_357", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Address the problem while there’s still time. So\nstand up and deliver the negative feedback—even to the friendly\nGreens in your life.\nHow to Give Feedback to a Blue—but First, Just a\nWord of Warning\nBefore you try to give negative feedback to a Blue, for Pete’s sake,\nmake sure you know what you’re talking about. Let me remind you\nthat a Blue knows exactly what he’s done and he has a far better eye\nfor details than you do. So make sure you have your facts ready\nbefore the thought even enters your mind. The section that follows\ndeals with how to deliver feedback, but the biggest task here\nconsists in finding out the details of what happened before you give\nany feedback.\nIt may be a good idea to check things out with several other\npeople who are involved in the issue and to document what they say\nand the facts they offer. The Blue will be able to quote everything\nand everyone, and he’ll always have proof that what he did was\ncorrect—after all, that’s why he did it.", "chunk_index": 357, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 976, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_358", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If it had been wrong, he\nwouldn’t have done it. Make sure you’re armed to the teeth before\nscheduling the meeting.\nProvide Specific, Detailed Examples, Preferably in Writing\nIt’s not good enough coming in with sweeping phrases like “I think\nyou’re working too slowly; can you please speed up?” That’s way too\ngeneral. It doesn’t matter if you’re right or not—the phrase “working\ntoo slowly” says virtually nothing. Says who? Slowly in relation to\nwhat?\nWhat you need to do is point to specific accurate and detailed\nexamples. You need to say things like “The latest project took\nsixteen and a half hours too long.” Then add up the effects this has\nhad: “We can’t charge the customer for those sixteen and a half\nhours, which means that profitability has now fallen by $4,125 (16.5\n× $250 per hour, or whatever you charge).\nThis is a message that a Blue might take into consideration.", "chunk_index": 358, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 883, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_359", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you\nwere to present it this way to a Yellow it would never work, but for a\nBlue this is an extremely relevant piece of information. Because it\nrequires detailed feedback, it would be risky if you were just to\npresent it in a conversation. You need to have everything written\ndown. Blues have a certain degree of distrust when it comes to\npeople talking too much; the written word automatically becomes\nmore true in their eyes.\nSo write down what you want to say, but double-check\neverything. And why not actually ask someone else to check the\nnumbers before booking your meeting with the Blue slow coach?\nDo Not Get Too Personal If You Don’t Know Each Other That Well\nA Yellow and a Green boss could easily pat a Blue on the\nshoulder and be personal in the run-up to a meeting where they are\nplanning to give some tough negative feedback.", "chunk_index": 359, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 841, "length_words": 155 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_360", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The reason is\nsimple—they know that they would react very negatively themselves\nif someone were just to jump straight into criticism without softening\nthem up first. This is the worst way to approach a Blue. He’ll just get\nsuspicious and won’t listen the way you want him to.\nThink about how a Red would have done things. He would simply\nhave booked a meeting, sat down, and shoved the paper with the\nnegative result at the person. (If he had such a paper. If it was about\ngiving feedback to a neighbor about all the leaves that have blown\ninto his garden, he would simply hand him a garbage bag with all the\nleaves and ask him to count them.) A Red won’t dress things up. He\ngets straight to the point. Usually, he won’t have any problem telling\nyou that your work isn’t good enough.", "chunk_index": 360, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 784, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_361", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Having a project drag on is\ninexcusable, and because he hoped that everything would be\nfinished a day earlier and not a day too late he’s now deeply upset.\nStick to the Facts\nIf you want to get through to a Blue, you need to stick to concrete\nfacts. Each time you start feeling guilty about saying negative things\nand start speaking about how appreciated he is, you’ll confuse him.\nHe’ll wonder what you’re really trying to say. He has no ego that\nmust be inflated, and he will see right through your attempts to sugar\ncoat the criticism you really have. So stick to the facts.\nDon’t try the famous sandwich method, used quite extensively by\nmany managers and leaders.", "chunk_index": 361, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 668, "length_words": 121 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_362", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In order to defuse and soften a grave\nmessage (“you’ve lost too many customers,” “you’ve cost us money,”\n“you’ve been rude to Ben in Reception”), you should also say\npositive things (“you’re a valued employee,” “you usually do the right\nthing,” “I like you very much”) before and after the piece of criticism.\nThe problem with the sandwich method, commonly known as\n“praise and blame,” is that no one understands your message. What\ndid you really want to say? For a Blue, this will be particularly\nincomprehensible, because the positive feedback you wrapped your\nmessage up in was relational and perhaps emotional—not\nprofessional. Remember that he’s not there to be your pal, he’s there\nto do a job. Be sure to talk about that.\nFeel free to ask if he has any suggestions for improvement. Use\nwords like “quality,” “evaluate,” “analyze,” “follow up.” Simply use the\nlanguage he is used to.", "chunk_index": 362, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 889, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_363", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You will get through so much more easily.\nBe Prepared for Counterquestions at the Molecular Level\nOf course he won’t buy what you say straightaway. Surely it’s\nreasonable to give him the chance to ask some questions about\nwhat you’ve said. There’s a risk that you’ll face a host of\ncounterquestions that will make you feel like you’re the one being\nevaluated.\n“How do you know?” “Who said that?” “How have you calculated\nthis?” “Where does it say that it must be done that way?” “Why can’t\nI find this information on our intranet?” “Why did you wait until now to\ngive me this feedback?” “Can I have a look at the supporting\ndocuments?” Where’s the contract that regulates our billing?” “Are\nyou sure we can’t add sixteen and a half hours to this bill?” “Hasn’t\nthis been done before? I recall a customer four years ago who…”\nYou might not be able to answer all his questions, so you must\nsimply decide how deep you want to go.", "chunk_index": 363, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_364", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You can always say, “That’s\njust the way it is; go back to work now.” But this is the worst thing\nyou can do, at least if you want to keep his confidence. The only\nthing you’ve proven is that you haven’t kept track of the details.\nAsk the Person to Repeat What You’ve Said—and Follow Up Soon\nAfterwards\nWhen I hold seminars on leadership, the issue of giving feedback\nis often raised. It’s an extremely complicated subject, because we\nallow our emotions to direct us when we give feedback (and receive\nit!). But for Blues I give the same advice as I do for other colors: Ask\nyour Blue employee to repeat what you’ve agreed to. He needs to\nduly acknowledge that he has seen and heard the same things you\nhave said.\nIt’s very likely that he’ll be able to repeat everything more or less\nverbatim, but it’s just as likely that he hasn’t taken the message to\nheart if you were vague in your delivery or too fixed on protecting\nyour relationship.", "chunk_index": 364, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 940, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_365", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He understands that he should repeat what he\nknows you want to hear him say. But this isn’t the same thing as him\nbelieving your negative feedback was relevant.\nThe example I gave of the overdue project is a treacherous\nhidden trap. Because a project that’s delivered to a customer only\nhas the value the customer believes it to have. Quality is of the\nutmost importance. If we’re careless—according to a Blue’s\nstandards—we won’t get more orders from that customer. What will\nthe lost revenue cost? So how can you value punctuality as being of\nmore importance than the product itself? At the logical level, a Blue\ncan make your objections seem nonsensical.\nBut if you know that you’re right (not just that it feels right), follow\nup afterwards to make sure that he’s back on track.\nConclusion: It’s difficult to criticize a perfectionist.", "chunk_index": 365, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 839, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_366", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He already\nknows the best method, and he won’t change his opinion just\nbecause you happen to have a fancier title on your business card.\nSo it’s all about doing your homework very well.\nYou also need to remember that although it may be difficult to get\na Blue to respond to feedback, he has no problem criticizing others.\nRemember, he sees all the mistakes everyone else makes and he\nwill likely point out your mistakes when you least expect it. Not\nbecause he’s being vindictive, but just because you’ve botched up.\nWho Gets Along and Why It Works\nGroup Dynamics at Their Finest\nThe short answer is that a group should consist of all colors to create\nthe best possible dynamic. In a perfect world, we would have an\nequal number of each color. The Yellow comes up with a new idea,\nthe Red makes the decision, the Green has to do all the work, and\nthe Blue evaluates and makes sure that the results are excellent. But\nthis isn’t the case.", "chunk_index": 366, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 937, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_367", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Not infrequently, we find Yellows in positions\nbetter suited to Reds. Or, in the worst cases, they have been able to\ntalk their way into a job that actually requires Blue behavior. Indeed,\nthere are many examples of people who are sitting in the wrong\nchairs, and part of the explanation lies in the fact that they lack the\nnatural prerequisites to manage their jobs. Moreover, all this has to\ndo with what driving forces different people have. Different people\nare motivated by different things, and it can cause them to move\naway from their core behavior in specific situations. But that’s a\nwhole other topic and not something I cover in this book.\nSo how do you put your team together? Look at the picture on the\nfollowing page. Here you can see why certain combinations are\nmore suitable than others. If you’re recruiting members to your team,\nthis may be a good place to start.\nAs you can see, different colors work differently together.", "chunk_index": 367, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_368", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Again,\nthere are plenty of exceptions, but if no one in the group has any\nknowledge of their behavior pattern some colors will naturally work\nwell together. For instance, it’s generally easier for two people to\nwork together if they have the same sense of tempo and work at a\nsimilar speed.\nNatural Combinations\nIf we look at the diagram above, we can see that Blue and Green\ncould be a suitable combination, without much of an effort from\neither of them. They would certainly recognize themselves in each\nother’s ability to breathe calmly and to think twice before doing\nsomething. Since both are introverts, each of them feels secure with\nthe other. It’s the same kind of energy. Neither of them will build\ncastles in the air, because they prefer to keep both feet on the\nground. They don’t stress but allow themselves to dive deeply into\nthings.", "chunk_index": 368, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 848, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_369", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Sure, they may find it difficult to make decisions, but the\ndecisions that they do make will probably be well thought out.\nSimilarly, Red and Yellow work smoothly together, since they both\nwant to shoot from the hip and always move forward. Here we also\nhave the same kind of energy, only a different type. Both are\npowerful and outgoing, and because both are verbal, they can easily\nfind the right words. Certainly, they’ll have a different focus in the\nconversation, but the dialogue will still flow. Both set high goals and\nthink quickly. A team of Yellows and Reds will set a fast tempo, and\nwhile they are both clear about what they want, they’ll motivate those\naround them to achieve great things.", "chunk_index": 369, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 703, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_370", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The challenge probably lies in\nthe fact that a Red can perceive a Yellow as being too talkative, but\nsince neither of them is a world-class listener, they’ll both just switch\noff when it suits them.\nComplementary Combinations\nIt also works to look at the other axis and make pairings based on\neach color’s focus. Both Blues and Reds are task oriented. Reds are\ncertainly more interested in the result than in the process itself, and\nBlues are more concerned with the process and tend to ignore the\nresult—but they’re at least speaking the same language. Both\ndevote themselves to work and only spend limited time chatting\nabout football or home improvement—except maybe at lunchtime.\nThey would complement each other in a good way. If we liken this to\na car, a Red is the accelerator, while a Blue is the brake. Both are\nneeded in order to drive successfully.", "chunk_index": 370, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 859, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_371", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The trick is not to push both\npedals at the same time.\nSimilarly, there is some logic in placing a Green with a Yellow.\nThe tempo at which they work will be different, but both of them will\nbe curious about each other. Both believe that people are interesting\nand important. While one likes to take it easy, the other likes having\nfun. They’ll easily find a similar focus. The Green will allow the\nYellow to take as much space as he wants. One talks; the other\nlistens. It can work out well. In addition, Greens are good at calming\ndown the slightly hysterical Yellows, who sometimes have a hard\ntime staying grounded. Of course, there’s a risk that they’ll fail to\ndevote sufficient time to the work itself, but they will have a very\ngood time. People around them might feel that they’re only having a\ngood time and not actually delivering anything.", "chunk_index": 371, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 850, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_372", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "As both can find it\ndifficult to say no, it might also be a good idea to avoid entrusting\nthem with too much money.\nChallenging Combinations\nAt the same time, there are two very complicated combinations. This\ndoesn’t mean that they won’t be able to work together, but it\ndefinitely means that there are obstacles that need to be considered.\nOne possible solution is that both of them become more self-aware\nin the ways that they work and interact with each other.\nLook at the illustration on the following page.\nThe right column shows the things the person himself sees in his\nprofile. The left column shows how his exact opposite could perceive\nhim in less favorable circumstances. You’ve probably heard that a\nperson is a real bore, only to meet him and discover a very\ninteresting person with lots of exciting things to say. Who’s right and\nwho’s wrong? It depends on whom you ask.\nThe problem lies in the interaction between each color and its\nexact opposite.", "chunk_index": 372, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 963, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_373", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The positive image expresses how each profile\nexperiences himself. The negative image is an expression of how he\ncan be experienced by others. We all see different things.\nGenuine Problems\nIt would be quite a challenge to put a Red and a Green together\nissues solve a problem. If the task depends on effective cooperation,\nthen issues will quickly arise. In the beginning, the Green is very\npassive, especially when compared to the Red, who gets going even\nbefore he’s heard the instructions. While the Greens think it’s\nburdensome to have to do their part, the Reds have already started\nin a hurry.\nThe Red will be very critical of the Green’s constant moaning\nabout the amount of work. At the same time, the Green will think that\nthe Red is an aggressive son of a bitch who never listens.\nNevertheless, under favorable circumstances it may work out. In\ngeneral, a Green is prepared to cooperate; that’s their strength.", "chunk_index": 373, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 920, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_374", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They\nfunction well with many other people because they’re more\naccommodating than demanding. So there can be a certain logic in\nsetting a Red with a Green. A Red likes giving orders, and a Green\nis usually okay with receiving orders.\nBased on Marston’s theories (see page 227), the greatest\nchallenge of all is to ask a Yellow and a Blue to work together. If\nneither of them is aware of how their personalities work, there will be\nfriction from the outset. The Yellow dives into the task without the\nslightest idea what to do or how to do it. He doesn’t read any\ninstructions, and he doesn’t listen long enough to find out what the\ntask is actually about. He’ll speak at great length about what an\nexciting project they’ve been given. In the meantime, the Blue starts\nreading and researching all the material available. He doesn’t say a\nword but just sits there. More or less motionless—he thinks.\nThe Yellow, on the one hand, will consider him to be the most\nuninspiring bore he has ever met.", "chunk_index": 374, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 179 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_375", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The Blue, on the other hand, will\nonly be disturbed by the Yellow’s perpetual verbal barrage. He’ll\nslowly begin to boil beneath the surface because of the incessant\nbuzzing around him. He believes that the Yellow is a frivolous\nwindbag, not deserving any attention whatsoever. And when the\nYellow finally realizes that he hasn’t won the Blue over to his side,\nhe’ll pull out all the stops and talk even more. In the worst case, he’ll\ntry to charm the Blue, which will end up driving them to disaster.\nThey’ll sit in their own corners, with faces like they’ve tasted sour\nmilk, both mad for completely different reasons.\nSelf-awareness, my friend, is the solution.\nGo Green!\nIt is not easy to read and interpret everyone. If a person only has one\ncolor, then you won’t have any problems with him once you’ve\nfinished reading this book. It will be obvious what you should do. A\nperson who is only Red or only Yellow is hard to miss.", "chunk_index": 375, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 931, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_376", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But even the\ngenuine Greens or Blues are quite easy to detect if you know what to\nlook for.\nAs I mentioned earlier, statistically speaking only about 5 percent\nof the population has just one color that shows in their behavior.\nAround 80 percent have two, and the rest have three. No one has\nfour, not with the tool that I use.\nIt’s also relatively easy to recognize people who have two colors.\nTwo color combinations normally follow any of the axes. So they are:\nBlue/Red, Red/Yellow, Yellow/Green, or Green/Blue.\nIt does happen, of course, that purely opposite qualities can be\nfound in one and the same person. I’ve met lots of Yellow/Blue\npeople. There is nothing wrong with that; it’s just less common. But\nwhat’s really unusual is distinctly Red/Green profiles. Why this is the\ncase I don’t know.\nOn one occasion, I met a woman who was a middle manager\nworking for a company in the car industry. She was determined and\npowerful in her manner, but, at the same time, she was extremely\ncaring.", "chunk_index": 376, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 996, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_377", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Her care and attention for her employees was genuine, and it\nhad some strange results. Among other things, she could lose her\ntemper very quickly. Her telling-offs were legendary. Once she\nrealized this, however, she would do whatever she needed to soften\nthe effects of her actions and repair the damage. She felt genuinely\nbad for having been hard on various individuals, but at the same\ntime she couldn’t control herself. This friction between the two\nconflicting colors in her behavior (Red and Green) meant that she\nwas very close to burnout.\nPeople with three colors will always be more difficult to interpret.\nIf someone is very difficult to place on the map, it may very well be\nbecause he has three colors. The situation will determine what his\nbehavior will be.\nThe best advice I can give if you really can’t analyze the person\nyou meet is to shut your mouth and start listening. Simply act Green\nif you are unsure.", "chunk_index": 377, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_378", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "People sometimes tells me that they can’t\nunderstand a certain person because he doesn’t do anything. But\neven a person who is very passive exhibits some form of behavior.\nAnd at this stage, you know what color is associated with someone\nwho doesn’t do much—that’s a common Blue behavior.\nWritten Communication\nHow to Evaluate Someone When You Can’t Meet in Person\nMany things are revealed in the way we write. Different colors have\ndistinct writing styles; some take the time to express themselves,\nwhile others keep brief. If you have the chance to read through a\nlonger writing sample that the person in question has written—a\nreport, a column, a letter, or a letter to the editor—you have lots to go\non. Very often it’s possible to detect a color in the written word. If\nyou’re a person of few words in speech, you can also be the same in\nyour writing. And vice versa.\nIf the only thing you have is an email, then you have to go on\nwhat you have.", "chunk_index": 378, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 950, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_379", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Let’s say that you’re replying to a customer’s\nmessage. You want to prepare yourself properly. You look carefully\nat how his email reads. Is it factual? Is there any kind of personal\ntouch? Is it short and concise, or does it seem to have been written a\nlittle spontaneously? All of these little details are important signals\nthat you can use to your advantage. As usual, there are plenty of\nexceptions, but there are still patterns to be aware of.\nHere are some examples of what this can look like.\nFrom: kristian.jonsson@teamcommunication.com\nTo: Cina.cinasson@coco.net\nSubject: Meeting\nMeeting tomorrow morning at 11. BE PUNCTUAL!\n-K\nWhat do you think? Is K screaming because he used capital\nletters? It’s not clear. It could be that he just wanted to stress that the\ntime for the meeting is important. Maybe he was rushing out\nsomewhere. It doesn’t matter to him that the person receiving the\nemail might be put off by the abrupt style and the caps lock. As\nalways, a Red can live with that.", "chunk_index": 379, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_380", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Get a grip! He just wanted to be\nclear.\nYour action: Reply instantly! Be short and concise. One way\nmight be to simply reply: “Okay.”\nFrom: kristian.jonsson@teamcommunication.com\nTo: Cina.cinasson@coco.net\nSubject: Meeting\nHello, Cina! What’s up? Were you at the game last night? I saw that Lasse\nwas there. He spilled his drink all over himself, and I thought that I would\nnever stop laughing! Check out the picture I put on Facebook. By the way, I\nthought that we could sit down and chat about that customer tomorrow\nmorning before lunch if it works for you. Is eleven o’clock okay?\nCiao! Krille\nFrom: kristian.jonsson@teamcommunication.com\nTo: Cina.cinasson@coco.net\nSubject: Meeting\nOh, I forgot to attach the photo. Anyway, here it is.\nKrille\nEven in writing, a Yellow expresses himself in a very spontaneous\nand easygoing manner. He likes to share stories and keep things\npersonal. Note the social babble about poor Lasse and his drink.", "chunk_index": 380, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_381", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A\ngood laugh that must be highlighted to attract your attention.\nYour reply? There isn’t any need to rush, but don’t fail to respond\nor he’ll feel insecure. Be cordial as well. Don’t forget to thank him for\nthe funny picture and mention that you laughed at his story.…\nFrom: kristian.jonsson@teamcommunication.com\nTo: Cina.cinasson@coco.net\nSubject: Meeting\nI just wanted to remind you about the meeting tomorrow at eleven. Hope it\nstill works for you. I’m going to bring in some homemade cinnamon buns to\nhave with our coffee. Have a good one!\nWith kind regards, Kristian\nA softer, more personal tone. Kristian had probably polished this\nemail appropriately, to make sure there was nothing controversial in\nit. Reminding people about meetings that were booked a long time\npreviously can be perceived as slightly offensive by some people, so\nhere we want to be certain that nothing can be misinterpreted.\nAnd how do you respond to this pleasant email? Be personal and\nbenign in return.", "chunk_index": 381, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_382", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Express your thanks. You don’t have to say that it\nwill be great to have some cinnamon buns, but if you do it won’t do\nany harm. Then remember to take it easy and not to stress at the\nmeeting.\nFrom: kristian.jonsson@teamcommunication.com\nTo: Cina.cinasson@coco.net\nSubject: Meeting\nGood morning, Christina.\nAhead of tomorrow’s meeting with our client, I would appreciate it if you\ncould familiarize yourself with the necessary background information.\nI’ve attached three documents relating to the issue.\nGreetings,\nKristian Jonsson\n+ 46704808080\nCopy of dates and participants.xls\nIT Strategy Update UGMT.doc\nFlyer Template 27 Nov 2014.doc\nThe original invitation to the meeting was sent out a long time\nago, but you’ve already figured that out, right? An alarm was\nprobably set on the computer to send out a reminder about the\nmeeting a day beforehand. The text in the email is factual and\ndoesn’t contain even a trace of a personal touch.", "chunk_index": 382, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 940, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_383", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "There is a little\nnote reminding you that it’s best to be well prepared.\nWhat’s the best way to answer this Blue email? Confirm that\nyou’ve received it along with the files. Say that you will get back to\nhim if you have any questions after reading through the material.\nAnd know that the sender assumes you’ll read the whole thing\ncarefully.\nWhat Makes Us as Mad as Hell?\nTemperament Can Reveal Everything About a Person\nAt the end of this book, I will present you with a history lesson. It is\nall about Hippocrates’ four temperaments, describing the same\ndifferences that this book is all about.\nIt’s possible to draw conclusions about someone’s behavior\nbased on his temperament. By “temper” or “temperament” I don’t just\nmean what frustrates a person but rather how he reacts when\nsomething unexpected happens. Another way of saying this might be\nto talk about a person’s disposition.", "chunk_index": 383, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 887, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_384", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It can be how he reacts to\nchanging circumstances and what sort of energy he has.\nBut yes, anger is a good and exciting gauge by which to judge a\nperson’s color. Moreover, it’s situational. What upsets one person\nmay not upset someone else in the least. By observing how\nsomeone reacts when things go wrong, you can get some important\nclues. Let me give you an example of a quick diagnosis.\nWhat the hell…!!!\nFor the sake of simplicity, let’s compare different temperaments to\ndifferent types of drinking glasses. I would suggest a shot glass for a\nRed temperament. “But,” you might say, “that little glass doesn’t hold\nmuch.”\nIndeed it doesn’t, and many Reds function like that, too. It doesn’t\ntake much for them to lose their temper and erupt. It could be about\ntraffic jams, missed phone calls, someone moving too slowly on the\nescalator. Not getting their own way. That someone is just generally\ndense. Remember that of all the colors they are the ones most often\nsurrounded by idiots.", "chunk_index": 384, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_385", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "For a Red, there are many reasons to be\nirritated. A Red’s strength is that when they explode they rid\nthemselves of any anger or irritation they’ve been feeling. They erupt\nbriefly, but it doesn’t last. The shot glass may be quick to reach\ncapacity, but it doesn’t take long to empty it. They simply empty the\nshot glass of anger and frustration and they’re back to being\nthemselves. (I’m not referring to how those around a Red perceive\nthings.)\nThe advantage is that, for all their raging, it usually subsides quite\nquickly. A Red can rarely manage to be angry for long. He blurts out\nwhat he wants to say, and then he moves on. Sure, he can leave\nmany confused people around him, but that’s their problem. He’s\nfinished with the episode. Then something deeply upsetting happens\nagain, and he just erupts. And again. And again.\nImagine that you pick up the shot glass and pour it out over your\ndesk. Not nice, but quite manageable.", "chunk_index": 385, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 934, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_386", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You can always clean it up.\nBut remember the shot glass fills up just as quickly as it was\nemptied. It will happen again. Many perceive a Red’s temperament\nas totally unpredictable. It can erupt at any time.\nNevertheless, I don’t think it’s that unpredictable. If you know the\nperson in question, you probably also know what triggers his anger.\nHowever, it’s important to know that a Red doesn’t consider\nhimself an angry person. He’s just given someone a piece of his\nmind or maybe raised his voice at him. Again, it’s just a way of\ncommunicating. But to a Green, it might seem that a Red is angry\neven when he’s just sharing his opinion. So much is in the eye of the\nbeholder. It’s common that many people simply back off, to avoid\nconfronting the Red and triggering his anger.", "chunk_index": 386, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 779, "length_words": 142 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_387", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But by letting their\nanger get the best of them all the time, Reds miss out on a lot of\nfeedback.\n“I Am Very Upset! Do You Even Hear What I’m\nSaying?”\nEven the cheerful Yellow loses his temper: Don’t let anyone tell you\notherwise. Although Yellows generally have a sunny, optimistic\ndisposition, they have a temper as well. Like Reds, they are active,\nperceptive people. This means that they have a lot to react to. And if\nyou’re quick-thinking and your tongue sometimes gets away from\nyou, well then, things can happen. What comes out your face’s front\ndoor isn’t always well thought out.\nBecause Yellows are very expressive and emotional at the same\ntime, you’ll know in advance when the mercury starts rising. An\nobservant person won’t have any problem noticing that a Yellow is\non the verge of bursting. The look in his eyes intensifies; his\ngestures become impetuous; his voice is raised.", "chunk_index": 387, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 893, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_388", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "All this happens,\nbut it happens gradually.\nIf the Red temperament is like a shot glass, then we can liken the\nYellow temperament to an everyday drinking glass. It holds more and\nit’s easier to see when it’s full. The level rises a little at a time, and if\nyou’re paying attention you’ll have no problem observing this as it\nhappens.\nNow, if we take the tumbler of milk and pour it out all over your\ndesk what’s the result? It will be a lot messier and much soggier than\nwhen we poured out the shot glass, right? Many important papers\nare destroyed, and it requires more than a single paper towel to dry it\nall up.\nBut we can still handle the situation. Even this temperamental\noutburst can be managed without too many serious complications.\nThere are also advantages in a Yellow’s temperament. He’ll feel\nguilty that he laid into someone close to him: colleague, family\nmember, neighbor, or maybe even you. So he’ll make an extra effort\nto be kind the next time you meet.", "chunk_index": 388, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 972, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_389", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll have an uneasy conscience,\nsomething a Red wouldn’t be able to comprehend.\nIf a person happens to be a combination of Red and Yellow,\nthings can get tough. In this case, there’s a lot of ego in the room,\nand you won’t quite know what’s happening.\nDepending on the driving forces and motivational factors the\nindividual may have, he can assert his own position almost to the\npoint of absurdity. Genuine Yellows can let their egos get in the way\nmost of the time. The advantage, however, is that due to their bad\nmemory, they don’t hold grudges for long. They quickly forget that\nthere were any problems, an ability that can make Greens and Blues\nfind Yellows to be a little bit too exciting.\nBeware the Fury of a Patient Man. Beware Indeed.\nDo you recognize this old saying? The person who coined it probably\nhad a Green in mind. You may never have seen a Green lose his\ntemper.", "chunk_index": 389, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 883, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_390", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It may very well be that your good friend, the friendly and\ngentle pal you’ve never had a serious argument with, hasn’t ever\nshown even a shred of bad temper.\nDoes that mean that this is a person who can’t get angry? Not at\nall. It just means that instead of turning his temper outwards, it’s\noriented in another direction. Inwards.\nI would liken a Green’s temperament to a fifty-gallon beer barrel.\nCan you imagine how many shot glasses it would take to fill it? We\ncould fill, fill, and fill even more before we even start covering the\nbottom of it. Many Greens function like that. They receive and accept\nwithout objecting. This is very much connected to their desire to\navoid conflict but also to their inability to say no. They simply agree\nbecause it’s easier that way.\nDoes this mean that Greens don’t have their own opinions? Not\nat all; they have just as many opinions about things as anyone else.\nThey just don’t talk about their opinions. And this is often the\nproblem.", "chunk_index": 390, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 980, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_391", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They fill the barrel. Week in and week out, a Green accepts\none perceived injustice after the other—note that I said “perceived.”\nIt may take several years before the barrel is full.\nNow take this barrel, lift it up, and pour the contents out over your\ndesk.\nWhat happens? Everything will be washed away. The water in the\nbarrel will not only wash away everything on your desk away; even\nthe desk itself and you along with it will go out with the flood, too.\nThere’s no stopping it.\n“You said that I didn’t finish the project on time? Really? Really?!\nLast week, you said that I didn’t do it well enough. Now let me tell\nyou this: A year ago you promised me a new office, and it still hasn’t\nmaterialized. And when I was hired here, back in 1997, you said the\nsame thing, and now let me tell you…”\nEverything has to come out. Just make sure that you’re not the\nspark that sets it all off.\nThe problem is large-scale.", "chunk_index": 391, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 916, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_392", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Greens don’t release any anger or\nfrustration but control their emotions so as not to create trouble or\nstand out. But they feel and experience just as much as everyone\nelse does. They just lack the natural tools to release everything. But\nwe can help by becoming facilitators. We can ask questions, invite\nthem in, and look for signals. Look at their body language to see if\nthere are signs of disapproval. Create a healthy environment around\na Green so that he becomes comfortable enough to say what he\nthinks so that he doesn’t have to continually compromise his\nposition. Otherwise, he will turn all his frustration inwards. And we\nknow what this kind of stress can do to a person.\nI have my own private theory, which I certainly cannot prove\nscientifically, but I suspect that this may be the main reason why\nGreens suffer burnout. They carry anxiety, anguish, and even anger\nfor so long that it eventually makes them ill.", "chunk_index": 392, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 927, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_393", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It’s a noticeable problem\nthat should be taken seriously.\nA Complaint a Day\nDuring an extremely stressful period in my earlier career in the\nbanking sector, I once heard a comment about a Blue. All of us were\nworking every day and night, and many of us were showing the\nstress. Frustration was hanging in the air.\nOur credit controller was in the middle of the whole thing. Nothing\ngot to her. She never even acted stressed. Her face was absolutely\nindecipherable, and her gestures were as limited and moderate as\nalways. While the rest of us ate our lunch on the go, she took her full\nsixty minutes and ate in peace and quiet … it was as if nothing could\ndisturb her peace.\nThen one of my Yellow-Red colleagues said, “She’s not normal.\nShe doesn’t have any feelings in her body.”\nBack then, it sounded logical to me, but when you think about it, it\ncan’t be true. Blues simply have less need to communicate than\nGreens. So they simply don’t do it. Some things are turned inwards\neven for Blues.", "chunk_index": 393, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 995, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_394", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Those who are quick thinkers may wonder if Blues\nrun the risk of burnout just as much as Greens do. Not at all. They\nhave a system to keep stress under control.\nMetaphorically speaking, Blues have as big a beer barrel as\nGreens have, but there is one crucial difference: At the bottom of the\nbarrel, there’s a handy little tap. This tap gives a Blue a valve to\nrelease part of the contents of the barrel. He can regulate the\npressure whenever he wishes to.\nMoreover, the tap leaks. It’s not tight enough to create a perfect\nseal, and small drops drip most of the time. A Blue’s dissatisfaction\ncomes out in the form of tiny grumblings.\n“Just look. Someone has misplaced the pen again! Typical! Now\nI’ll have to finish this off myself. As usual, I get the most boring task.\nThere’s no structure here. Typical.”\nAnd so he goes on. His pinpricks affect those around him, but\nwhat they hear all the time is just a muttering trumpet. The embers\ndon’t fan into a fire.", "chunk_index": 394, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 962, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_395", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "We interpret it as a perpetual whining, but the\ndiscontent is real. And because a Blue isn’t sufficiently active to\ninstigate something, he’ll argue about things rather than doing\nsomething about them. It’s all based on complaints that others\nshould see what he sees, that he doesn’t have any authority to act,\nor that he’s simply in a bad mood. But for him, this is a great way of\nkeeping the pressure under control. So the barrel will never need to\nbe emptied out over somebody’s desk, and thus serious\ncatastrophes are avoided.\nThe way to manage his nagging is to ask counterquestions. Ask\nfor concrete examples. Ask for suggestions for improvement.", "chunk_index": 395, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 652, "length_words": 112 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_396", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It may,\nin fact, be the case that the Blue has solved the problem that is\nplaguing him, but that he needs a straight question in order for him to\nstep forward and suggest a solution.\nWhat Can You Do About the Fact That People Don’t\nGet Pissed Off in the Same Way?\nWith these simple observations in mind, you can quickly form an\nidea of what type of person you’re dealing with. Pay attention to how\nhe reacts under stress and pressure.\nBut, at the same time, remember that no system is perfect. These\nare only indications, and they apply only to individual colors.\nBesides, as I wrote previously, different situations can give rise to\ncompletely different forms of conduct. Generally speaking, the more\nimportant a particular thing is for a certain person, the stronger his\nreaction will be.\nSee for yourself. If someone insults your neighbor, you might\nthink it was unfair. But you don’t make a big scene out of it.", "chunk_index": 396, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 915, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_397", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "However,\nif someone were to insult your husband or wife, you would be\nabsolutely furious. That’s just one example. There are many levels\nand degrees of difference to reflect on.\nStress Factors and Energy Thieves\nWhat Is Stress?\nAnger is one thing. Stress is another. Sometimes one is a\nconsequence of the other, but not always. Some people become\nangry because of stress; others become stressed because of anger.\nWhen we speak about stress, we often mean the feeling of having\ntoo much to do and too little time to do it. There’s not enough time to\ndo everything at work and then on top of that factor in the time\nneeded to go to the gym, meet with friends, spend time with family,\ndo various kinds of recreational activities, oh, and maybe sleep.\nHowever, the stress that makes us truly suffer is often due to\nthings apart from a lack of time.", "chunk_index": 397, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 844, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_398", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If you feel pressure and have high\nexpectations about what you will do and how you are meant to be,\nyou can become stressed, even if you aren’t really pressed for time.\nPressure, demands, and expectations create stress and can\nmake you feel self-critical and powerless. You may find it difficult to\nsleep or may feel physical pain in your body. Simply put, the feeling\nof stress arises when we experience greater demands and\nexpectations than we can cope with.\nDifferent People React Differently to Stress: What a\nSurprise!\nSeriously, though, all of us react differently to stress. Different people\ncan experience the same event in different ways, and a person can\nexperience similar events differently at different times. The things\nyou have been through in the past and how you are feeling right now\nall have an effect on how you act and react.\nIf you’re well rested and feeling fine, you could experience a\ntough week at work as an invigorating challenge, despite your heavy\nworkload.", "chunk_index": 398, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_399", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But if you’re tired and feeling down on yourself, you may\nexperience the same week as something horrible and demoralizing.\nHow does your color affect your stress? It says nothing about\nyour stress threshold (that is, how much stress you can bear). But it\ncan say something about what stresses you and how you’ll react to\nstress. Previously, I mentioned the concept of driving forces—\nwhatever forces motivate me to get up out of bed every morning,\ndash to work, and go the extra mile. This book doesn’t deal with this\ndimension, but it’s easy to see that we become stressed when we\nfeel that we’re spending too much time on the wrong things.\nOnce you’ve understood what the most important stress factors in\nyour life are, you’ll be better equipped to avoid them when possible.\nIf you’re a manager responsible for a number of people and you\nknow their behavior profiles, you can avoid the worst pitfalls. A great\ndeal of stress can be avoided if you know how.", "chunk_index": 399, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 958, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_400", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And you can retain\nthe group’s productivity.\nThe rest of the chapter is written with an element of irony, and I\nurge you to read it in that way.\nStress Factors for Reds\nIf you would like to stress out a Red, you can try one of the following\nto lower his self-confidence.\nTake Every Form of Authority Away\nNot being involved in decision-making is really difficult for a Red.\nHe always believes that he has better ideas and so he also believes\nthat he should be the one in charge of the project.\nAchieve No Results Whatsoever\n“If we’re not making immediate headway, then all our work has\nbeen a waste.” Such an insight can trigger severe stress reactions in\na Red, and those around him should be on their guard. He’ll look for\nscapegoats.\nEliminate Any Kind of Challenge\nIf everything is too easy, it becomes boring.", "chunk_index": 400, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 814, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_401", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Red behavior hinges\non one thing: the ability to handle problems and difficult challenges.\nIf there are no problems to solve, then Reds will lack stimulation.\nThey’ll become passive, believing that they have absolutely nothing\nto do. They can slow down the pace, and this can be difficult to\nreverse.\nWaste Time and Resources and Work as Inefficiently as Possible\nJust sitting around doing nothing is a waste of time. Not that this\nis necessarily what we’re actually doing, but, in the mind of a Red, if\nyou don’t get the maximum productivity out of your time, it’s wasteful\nand particularly stressful from a managerial perspective. He is\nprobably evaluated on the organization’s efficiency.\nMake Sure That Everything Becomes a Routine\nMundane and repetitive tasks are the kiss of death for a Red. It’s\nsimply boring. Reds lose their concentration and will find something\nelse to do. Routine work is not what they’re good at. They’re lousy at\ndetails, and they know it.", "chunk_index": 401, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 969, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_402", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Someone else needs to take care of the\ndull, routine work, because a Red believes that he has a better\nunderstanding of the big picture.\nMake a Bunch of Stupid Mistakes\nMistakes are one thing, but stupid mistakes, well, that’s\nsomething completely different. It’s so overwhelmingly unnecessary.\nIf a Red believes his colleagues are brainless, he gets crazy: “Why\ndon’t they understand what they’re supposed to do? How hard can it\nbe?”\nGive Him No Control over Others\nA Red’s need for control can be extensive. It’s not about\ncontrolling facts and details. They want to control people. What they\ndo, how they do it, and so on. Without this control, a Red gets very\nfrustrated.\nTell Him Regularly to Cool Down or to Lower His Voice\nThey get crazy when people say that they’re angry when they’re\nnot. They will always be a little more hot-tempered than average, but\nthis doesn’t actually mean that they’re angry.", "chunk_index": 402, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 909, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_403", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "And it’s precisely this\naccusation that can get them to become angry—really angry.\nWhat Does a Red Do When He Gets Stressed and\nFeels Pressured?\nHe blames everyone else. As a Red is often surrounded by idiots, it’s\neasy for him to single out scapegoats. And he can easily overdo\nthings when he wants to take someone to task for having made a\nmess of things. Be aware! That’s my advice to you, because you’ll\nfeel the sting of his wrath.\nReds are always more demanding than other colors. They expect\na lot from themselves, and they expect a lot from you. When under\nstress, they’re also excessively demanding and driven—much more\nthan usual.\nThe Red will shut out his other colleagues. He becomes closed,\nburrows into the task at hand, and works even harder.", "chunk_index": 403, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 757, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_404", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Remember\nthat his anger and frustration is lurking just beneath the surface, so\nplease be careful about what you do in his presence.\nCan I Help Reds to Manage Their Stress?\nIf you have the authority to give a direct order, the answer is simple:\nAsk them to get a hold of themselves. It actually works. Another way\nto make it easier for Reds in stressful situations is to send them\nhome and tell them to do some physical exercise—anything to burn\nsome of that frustrated, restless energy. Send them to a place where\nthey can run in some kind of competition, spending their energy on\nwinning something that will be of no importance to the group.", "chunk_index": 404, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 643, "length_words": 117 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_405", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When\nthey come back, most of their aggression will have dissipated.\nStress Factors for Yellows\nIf for any reason, you would like to get a Yellow to feel stress, try one\nof the following to get him off balance.\nPretend He’s Invisible\nYou remember a Yellow’s driving impulse, right? “Look at me!\nHere I am!” If you want to get him off balance, simply make him feel\ninvisible. If he’s not visible, then he doesn’t exist. He feel ignored and\noverlooked, and this is guaranteed to cause stress.\nBecome Very Skeptical\nAny person manifesting lots of skepticism is very negative,\nsomething that stresses Yellows. They want to see the positive and\nthe light and consider even everyday realists to be prophets of\ndoom. Pessimism and negativity effectively kill Yellows’ enthusiasm\nand cause them to feel tense.\nStructure Work as Much as Possible\nJust like Reds, Yellows shun routine, repetitive tasks and jam-\npacked schedules. They happily create schedules for others, but\nthey can’t follow them themselves.", "chunk_index": 405, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 998, "length_words": 166 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_406", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Force them into one of your plans\nand you’ll see how your Yellow friends will begin to unravel.\nIsolate Him from the Rest of the Group\nFor a Yellow, the absence of someone to talk to is perhaps the\nworst thing ever. It’s the end of the world. Because they need to talk,\nthere must be someone there to listen. Being trapped in an office\nspace with only a desk for company is a punishment worse than\ndeath. It’s like being deported to Siberia.\nMake Clear That It’s Inappropriate to Joke at Work\n“No joking around and no sense of humor? Is this a funeral\nparlor?” I once got exactly that comment from a Yellow who\ndiscovered that consultants didn’t have time to monkey about. She\nwas very stressed out by all the seriousness and left before her\nprobation period was over.\nPush a Yellow to Think Carefully Beforehand—Twice\nSuppressing a Yellow’s spontaneity is like holding down the lid on\na saucepan when the milk is boiling over. It simply doesn’t work.", "chunk_index": 406, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 951, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_407", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It\ncreates a terrible mess, and everyone gets involved when Yellows—\nloudly and intensely—invite everyone else into their stress spiral.\nRemember that a Yellow’s stress will always be noticed. Don’t\nbelieve otherwise.\nContinuously Squabble and Fuss About Insignificant Things\nHaving to face incessant confrontations is exhausting. This is\nsomething of a paradox, because Yellows aren’t afraid of conflict like\nGreens. But if there’s too much bickering, it will disrupt their desire\nfor fun and positivity, which causes stress. They can cope with\nsquabbling, but when it becomes too much, Yellows won’t be at the\ntop of their game and they lose their usual luster.\nTry a Little Public Humiliation\nA Yellow who has been given negative feedback in the presence\nof others won’t be a pleasant sight to behold. It’s enough to make\nhim never speak to you again.", "chunk_index": 407, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 854, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_408", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Moreover, he’ll also become\nincredibly defensive, and you’ll achieve nothing at all.\nWhat Does a Yellow Do When He Gets Stressed and\nFeels Pressured?\nBe prepared for the fact that he’ll draw attention to himself even\nmore than usual. His ego makes it impossible for him not to seek out\nmore attention and affirmation, since he has to compensate for the\nnegative feelings of stress. This means that he’ll actively look for\nattention, which makes him feel better. The risk is that he’ll talk too\nmuch and force himself into the center of everything.\nMaybe you thought that this wasn’t possible, but he also runs the\nrisk of becoming excessively and unrealistically optimistic. You’ve\nnever experienced a real challenge until you’ve tried to cope with a\ntruly stressed-out Yellow. He’ll come up with plans that are so wild\nand outlandish that not even he can believe them. This is just a\nnatural coping mechanism for him.\nCan I Help Yellows to Manage Their Stress?\nLet a Yellow organize a party.", "chunk_index": 408, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 992, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_409", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He urgently needs to meet people in\nsocial contexts. He can sink very deep into his own misery if he\nremains under stress for too long. When things are at their worst,\nsuggest a pub crawl, a party, or why not just a simple barbeque? It\ndoesn’t need to be fancy, but make sure he gets to enjoy himself for\na while. Also, make sure that it’s fun!\nStress Factors for Greens\nIf you, for any reason, would like to get a Green to feel stress, I\npropose the following unpleasant things.\nTake Every Form of Security Away from Him\nGive him tasks that he’s never done before without explaining\nanything whatsoever to him. But, at the same time, expect perfect\nimplementation. Leave him alone in meetings with people who place\nunreasonable demands on him. Don’t support him when things heat\nup in a conversation. Send an angry Red to rant at him. The stress\nwill soon follow.\nLeave Lots of Loose Ends\nUnfinished tasks and loose ends are deeply disturbing.", "chunk_index": 409, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 944, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_410", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Greens\nlike to know how things fit together, and when they don’t understand\nhow the process works it won’t go well. Unfinished projects—things\nthat have been started but are drawn out without any end in sight—\nreally mess things up for Greens. This is why Yellows are\nphenomenal at causing stress for Greens.\nHang Around Him Constantly\nIf a Green doesn’t get his private space, if there’s nowhere he can\nwithdraw from the world, he gets very stressed. He likes other\npeople, of course, but he needs to be alone with himself also. If this\nisn’t possible, then he can’t think anymore.\nMake Lightning-Fast Changes and Unexpected Changes of Direction\nThis is the specialty of Reds and Yellows. Quick decisions that\nthey don’t always explain. Greens are miserable when they’re forced\ninto making unexpected and rapid changes, and they often respond\nby ending up in a state of absolute indifference.", "chunk_index": 410, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 893, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_411", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The worst kind of\nchange is when a Green gets an order in the morning and just as he\nbegins to reflect on how he will do it a counterorder comes.\nAsk Him “Would You Be So Good as to Redo the Whole Thing from\nBeginning to End?”\nHaving to redo a task is synonymous with failure. If something\nmust be redone, it can only be because your work wasn’t good\nenough the first time. In other words, negative feedback. By\nextension, this means that you’re not good enough as a person,\nwhich, of course, is extremely stressful.\nTell a Green, “Look Here! We Can’t Agree on Absolutely Everything.”\nDisagreements in a work group or in the family inevitably lead to\nstress. Only troublemakers enjoy conflict. Friction in the most\nimportant group, the family, is particularly serious. A Green won’t\nknow what he should do.\nPush Him into the Spotlight\nUnder no circumstances will Greens want to take center stage\nwhen they’re in larger groups.", "chunk_index": 411, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_412", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Groups of more than three people\nwould be considered large groups unless the Green knew everyone\nvery well. If you force a Greens into such a situation, he’ll just stare\nat his feet. Everyone can see how uneasy he is, and the rest of the\ngroup will also be stressed. Not good.\nWhat Does a Green Do When He Gets Stressed and\nFeels Pressured?\nHe becomes very reserved and almost cold. His body language\nbecomes rigid and closed, and if you’re the one who triggered his\nstress he won’t have anything to do with you. Some Greens can\nexhibit strong apathy. They become cold and unsympathetic even\ntowards people whom, in normal circumstances, they care very\nmuch about.\nThey also become very hesitant and uncertain. Stress makes\nGreens insecure and afraid of making mistakes. It can be at work but\nalso at home. If a child gets sick, a Green becomes passive and just\nlooks on, because he’s afraid of doing the wrong thing.", "chunk_index": 412, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 917, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_413", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’ll also\ninternalize the blame for the situation and may become completely\nclosed.\nAt work, it may be slightly different. It depends. Many Greens end\nup in a rut of obstinacy or stubbornness, provoking those around\nthem by refusing to change anything. Even when they see that a\nparticular method is not working well, they can refuse to act. It\nseems strange, but the typical Green stubbornness gets the upper\nhand and prevents them from doing anything.\nCan I Help Greens to Manage Their Stress?\nAllow them to do nothing. Give them free time for things like\ngardening, sleep, or other forms of relaxation. Maybe something like\nsending them off to a movie—not with a large group of people, but\npossibly on their own—or giving them a good book that takes two\ndays to read. They don’t really want to do anything. Let them do\nnothing until the stress subsides.", "chunk_index": 413, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 857, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_414", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Then they’ll be back to their normal\nselves.\nStress Factors for Blues\nIf you, for any reason, would you like to get a Blue to feel stress, just\nupset every one of his calculations.\nTell Him, “You Don’t Know What You’re Talking About.”\nYou may think that Blues don’t take criticism personally, but if they\nbelieve that the criticism is untrue and unfounded, it can be very hard\non them. Not because they’re afraid of conflict, or that your\nrelationship will suffer, but because their sense of perfection is being\nbesmirched.\nHave the Management Team Make a Spontaneous Decision\nA Blue is often okay with change, because he doesn’t ever\nconsider anything completely perfect. But he needs to know the\nmotivations behind the change. If it’s not in the plan, then it’s\nunplanned, and a lack of planning indicates poor structure—not\ngood. Inevitably, this leads to headaches.\nTell Him, “This Could Be Risky or Uncertain, but We’re Going to Go Ahead\nAnyway.”\nThere’s a certain amount of risk in everything.", "chunk_index": 414, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_415", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A Blue sees risks\neverywhere. If a Red were to say that jumping from a plane without a\nparachute is a huge risk, a Blue would say that it’s risky to buy a new\nlawn mower. You never really know what can happen. And the faster\nthings go, the greater the risks become.\nSurprise Him with Something like “Your In-laws Are Coming Over\nUnannounced! Fantastic!”\nIt’s a matter of order and structure, of working at a relaxed pace\nor renovating the kitchen according to a clearly established plan. If\nhalf the family were to drop in all of a sudden, it would upset\neverything. You should never try to surprise a Blue. Since he may\nnot have communicated his own plans completely, you can create\nquite a problem.\nSay, “Whoopsadaisy, What Happened Here?”\nMistakes are made by blockheads and careless people. Blues\ndon’t make mistakes, so when everyone else makes a mess of\nthings and disrupts his plans a Blue might simply close the door and\nrefuse to listen.", "chunk_index": 415, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_416", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He doesn’t want to hear that the project has crashed;\nhe just wants to keep doing his part—even if that task no longer\nmakes any sense.\nTell Him, “Forget About the Bureaucracy. Let’s Innovate!”\n“Don’t you have any imagination? We have to be a bit more\nflexible here.” This is a great way to get a Blue to lose his footing at\nwork. People who break the rules and go against the regulations are\nto be regarded with suspicion, and you need to keep them on a short\nleash. If a Blue realizes that he’s in the hands of an organization that\npays no attention whatsoever to proper procedures, he can show\nconsiderable resistance.\nRemind Him, “We Simply Need to Take Bigger Risks.”\nA variation on the preceding point. Right is right, and proper\npreparation is the be-all and end-all, the Alpha and Omega. It even\nsays so in a book. So when a Blue can’t prepare himself in his\n(sometimes extremely cumbersome) way, it triggers stress.", "chunk_index": 416, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 924, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_417", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He’s the\nopposite of spontaneous, and you simply can’t force a Blue to\nrespond to a situation before he’s had time to acquaint himself with\nthe subject. He’ll have so many reservations he won’t be any use.\nSurround Him with Overly Emotional People\nNope. Sloppy sentimentality is downright unpleasant. It’s messy\nand awkward, and a Blue doesn’t like it. Logic is what counts, and if\nyou overlook this, he’ll find it very trying. He’ll make himself scarce,\nand he’ll never forget that you’re an overly emotional person who\ndoesn’t use your brain in the same way he uses his.\nWhat Does a Blue Do When He Gets Stressed and\nFeels Pressure?\nHe becomes excessively pessimistic. Oh yes. It actually gets worse\nthan usual. Suddenly everything becomes pitch black, and he falls\ninto a pit of despair. Lethargy is common, and nothing is of interest\nanymore. Gloom and doom will rain down on all of us. He also gets\nunbearably pedantic.", "chunk_index": 417, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 924, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_418", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "When they feel stress, many people increase\ntheir pace in order to compensate. Not a Blue. He stomps on the\nbrakes. Now isn’t the time for making any mistakes. Those around\nhim can expect constant criticism. He’ll suddenly point out every little\nmistake he observes—and there are quite a few. He might also\nbecome an unbearable know-it-all.\nCan I Help Blues to Manage Their Stress?\nThey need privacy. They must be given time and space to think.\nThey want to analyze the situation and understand the connections,\nand they need to be given time to do just that. If you give them\nspace, they will come back—eventually. But if they fall too deeply\ninto a funk, you may need to offer them more proactive help.\nConclusion: What can we learn from studying different people\nunder stress? When under stress an individual’s normal conduct and\nbehavior are reinforced and exaggerated.", "chunk_index": 418, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 873, "length_words": 149 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_419", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A Red becomes even\ntougher and more aggressive towards those around him, a Yellow\nbecomes more sulky and unstructured, a Green becomes even more\npassive and noncommittal than usual, and a Blue can become\ncompletely closed and split hairs so thin that they’re not even visible\nto the naked eye.\nThe most important thing is to avoid stressing people\nunnecessarily. Of course you knew that already, but it can be helpful\nto understand what actually causes stress for each profile. To push a\nRed is not as stressful as pushing a Green or a Blue. On the\ncontrary, you have to push a Red for him to bounce back. If\neverything were to go smoothly, he would just get bored.\nThe situation, your profile, the time of day, the level of work, the\ngroup, the weather—lots of things determine stress in our lives.", "chunk_index": 419, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 799, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_420", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But if\nyou pay attention, it will work out perfectly.\nA Short Reflection Through History\nPeople Have Always Been like This\nThe Background to Everything You’ve Read So Far\nThis chapter explains how I arrived at the research that forms the\nbasis of the information in this book. If you’re not interested in\nhistory, or references, or research, or things that take time from your\notherwise full life, you can skip this chapter. For everybody else—a\nlong time ago …\nIn all cultures, there has always been a need to categorize\npeople. When the Stone Age period was over and we became more\nreflective as people, we discovered that all over the world people\nwere different. What a surprise.\nBut how different are people really? And how have those\ndifferences been described? There are probably as many methods\nas there are cultures on earth. But I’ll share some examples.\nThe Greeks\nHippocrates, who lived four centuries before Christ, is considered\nthe father of medicine.", "chunk_index": 420, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 966, "length_words": 164 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_421", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Unlike many other physicians of that time, he\nwasn’t superstitious. He believed that disease originated in nature\nand didn’t come from the gods. For example, Hippocrates believed\nthat epilepsy was caused by a blockage in the brain. Nowadays this\nis common knowledge, but back then it was revolutionary.\nHumoral pathology, or the theory of the four humors or four bodily\nfluids, has to do with the four temperaments. According to\nHippocrates, our temperament is the fundamental way we react. It’s\nour behavior or our natural frame of mind.", "chunk_index": 421, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 538, "length_words": 88 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_422", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Our temperament controls\nour behavior.\nHippocrates believed that your health is good when the four\nhumors—blood, yellow bile, black bile, and phlegm—are in balance.\nWhen we vomit, cough, or sweat, for example, the body is trying to\nrid itself of one or more of these substances.\nThe word chloe comes from Greek and means “yellow bile.”\nTherefore, a choleric person is controlled by yellow bile or the liver.\nFiery and temperamental, choleric people sometimes frighten those\naround them with their powerful ways. “Choleric” can be translated\nas “hot-blooded.”\nThe Latin word sanguis means “blood.” A sanguine person is\ncontrolled by the blood, by the heart. Creative and happy-go-lucky,\nhe spreads positive vibes around him. Full of blood and therefore\noptimistic and cheerful, he has an airy manner. A synonym for a\nsanguine person is an optimist.\nA phlegmatic person gets his influences from the brain. “Phlegm”\nmeans nothing more than mucus.", "chunk_index": 422, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_423", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Mucus is viscous, which\nsymbolizes a phlegmatic person’s temperament. A phlegmatic\nperson is sluggish and slow in movement.\nFinally, a melancholic person has an excess of black bile—the\nGreek melaina chloe simply means “black bile,” found in the spleen\n—and is therefore often perceived as melancholic and gloomy. A\ncommon synonym for a melancholic person is a pessimist.\nAnd there we have Hippocrates and his theories in a nutshell.\nThe Ancient People with an Eye for Color: The Aztecs\nThe Aztecs were a powerful people who lived in Central Mexico\nfrom the fourteenth century to the sixteenth century. They are known\nfor their incredibly advanced civilization and impressive temples.\nWhen they tried to divide people into different categories, they\nused something they knew well—the four elements: fire, air, earth,\nand water. To this day, the four elements are used to describe\ndifferent frames of mind, but nobody really knows if the Aztecs were\nthe first to actually come up with this idea.", "chunk_index": 423, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 162 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_424", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But we do know for a fact\nthat they used this idea, because they left carvings illustrating this\napproach.\nFire people were exactly as it sounds: fiery, explosive, a bit\nhotheaded. They were warrior types who took to the sword to get\ntheir own way. Leaders.\nAir people were different. They were also determined but\nconsiderably more easygoing. They swept in like a captivating wind,\nkicking up a little dust in the process.\nEarth people worked for the village, for the collective. They had to\nexemplify stability and security. They were there to create long-\nlasting things, to build for the future.\nWhat about water people? Water was an element the Aztecs had\nrespect for. Water can crush everything in its path, but you can also\nbottle it—if you know how to do it.", "chunk_index": 424, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 766, "length_words": 134 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_425", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Quiet and secure, water people\nobserved everything that was happening.\nAs you can see, these divisions bear quite a resemblance to the\ntheories propounded by Hippocrates—they’re only different names\nfor the same thing.\nWilliam Moulton Marston\nWilliam Moulton Marston created a systolic blood pressure test\nthat was used in an attempt to detect fraud. The discovery resulted\nin the modern lie detector. But Marston was also the author of\nessays in popular psychology. In 1928 he published his work\nEmotions of Normal People, in which he investigated the differences\nin the behavior patterns of healthy people. Earlier, both Jung and\nFreud had published studies involving mentally unstable people, but\nMarston was a kind of pioneer who provided the foundations for what\nbecame known as the DISA model, the model that is the basis for\nthis book. A few years after discovering Marston’s work (in the\n1950s), Walter Clarke developed the DISA concept based on\nMarston’s observations.", "chunk_index": 425, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_426", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "As you’ve seen, this is a model used to\ncategorize the different types of human behavior. His work has been\nan endless source of valuable insights about behavior and human\ninteractions, but it has not been without its critics. However, a great\ndeal of work has been done since Marston’s days, and over the\nyears many other people have been involved in fine-tuning the DISA\ntool.\nMarston found a way to demonstrate how people were different.\nHe noted distinct differences between personalities, which formed\nthe basis for the model used in this book. Nowadays we use the\nfollowing divisions:\n• Dominance produces activity in an antagonistic\nenvironment.\n• Inspiration produces activity in a favorable environment.\n• Submission produces passivity in a favorable environment.\n• Compliance produces passivity in an antagonistic\nenvironment.\nThe four letters D, I, S, and C (Dominance, Inspiration,\nSubmission, and Compliance) form the acronym of the DISC profile\nthat is used throughout the world.", "chunk_index": 426, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 997, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_427", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Marston used the word\n“compliance”; however, in this book I render this as “analytic ability,”\nas that better describes the type of individuals.\nThe dominance trait in any given individual relates to how he\napproaches problems and deals with challenges.\nInspiration refers to a person who likes to influence others. A\nperson with this trait will always be able to convince others. In simple\nterms, you could say that dominance is about acting, and inspiration\nis about interacting.\nThe degree of stability is measured primarily by how receptive an\nindividual is to change. A strong need for stability means a person is\nresistant to change, while someone who enjoys change will have a\nlower need for stability. This leads, of course, to a number of specific\nbehavior patterns—like a nostalgic belief in the long-lost “good old\ndays” for instance.\nFinally, analytic ability shows how willing someone is to follow\nrules and regulations.", "chunk_index": 427, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 933, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_428", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Of course, this also produces certain\ncharacteristics that are interrelated. Here we find those who can’t\naccept that things go wrong. Quality is important.\nYou’ve probably noticed that, regardless of whether it’s a product\nof modern psychology or the ancient Aztecs in Latin America, these\nbehavoral traits are all associated with the same color. The colors\naren’t critical; it’s only a way to make it easier for those who aren’t\nfamiliar with the system to make sense of the profiles. As a\nconsultant, I’ve trained people in this topic for twenty years, and I’ve\nfound that the colors facilitate learning.\nMarston finished researching this topic sometime in the 1930s.\nMany others have used his research and developed a tool that,\naccording to the most recent data, has been used by nearly 50\nmillion people for the past thirty-five years. For example, the\nAmerican Bill Bonnstetter made invaluable achievements in creating\ndefinitive tools that help analyze the whole individual.", "chunk_index": 428, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 982, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_429", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "In the United\nStates, a company TTI Success Insights (ttisuccessinsights.com)\noffers a comprehensive analysis tool.\nBut it’s always helpful to remember that though in theory there’s\nno difference between the concept on the page and the practice, in\nthe real world there’s a big difference indeed.\nI’ve described the four main traits that Marston pointed out, but\nremember that most of us are a combination of two colors.\nVoices from Real Life\nThe book you are holding in your hands is a translation from\nSwedish of the fourth edition of Surrounded by Idiots: How to\nUnderstand Those Who Cannot Be Understood. When the Swedish\nedition was published, about fifteen thousand people in Sweden read\nit. I wrote this book because for many years in various context at\ntraining courses, lectures, et cetera, people always asked me,\n“Where can we read more about this system?” Up until now, the\nanswer has always been nowhere.", "chunk_index": 429, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 917, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_430", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Then I wrote this book, and now\nyou’ve read it.\nAs a writer, I always want to know what people think about what I\nhave written. Because I also write fiction, I know how hearing the\ntruth can be like an electric shock, but at the same time, I like to\nchallenge myself. So, I interviewed four people with entirely different\nprofiles, asking their views about the system itself but also about\nhow they see their everyday lives—based on the color they have. As\nyou read, pay attention to how they answer the questions (not just to\nwhat they say). You can learn just as much from how they respond\nas you can from the responses themselves.\nHelena\nCEO of a Private Company with Approximately Fifty Employees. Mostly Red,\nWithout Any Green or Blue. A Small Dab of Yellow.\nWhat do you think of this tool? DISA language?\nI think it seems to be an effective way to avoid\nmisunderstandings. I understood immediately what it was all about,\nso I think the book could have been shorter—half as long, maybe.", "chunk_index": 430, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 991, "length_words": 180 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_431", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I\nwould have concentrated the text more. I don’t like repetition. But\nsure, it’s a useful tool. Last Christmas I gave a copy to all my\ncoworkers as a gift and asked that they read it. And almost\neverybody did.\nWhat is the most important takeaway for you from the book?\nThat I no longer have to beat around the bush. Now my staff\nknow that I’m not an evil despot; I’m just Red. They understand that\nI’m not angry just determined. The most interesting thing was\nreading about Blue behavior. I’d never reflected on why they saw\nthings so differently than I do. Now I understand that the process\nitself is important for them, which is why they take such a long time.\nAnything else?\nNo. Well, Yellows. I’ve always wondered about them. All that\nbabble. I have some acquaintances who are like that. They just sit\ndown and blow a lot of hot air in your face without really saying\nanything much. My neighbor’s like that. He plans all the time, but\nnone of his plans actually take off.", "chunk_index": 431, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 975, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_432", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It doesn’t bother me, but his wife\nmust be insane by now. And at my company, the Yellows get too little\ndone. But it’s not a major problem, in my opinion. I just stand firm\nand demand that they deliver. I can live with their sour faces. I’m not\nthere to be soft and cuddly.\nWhat is your experience of Green behavior?\nSure.… Yes, well, what can I say? [Helena takes a long pause\nand looks out the window.] They’re needed, too. Loyal and dutiful.\nBut in all honesty … I’d never realized that they talk behind my back.\nBut it’s definitely true. They’re phenomenal at spreading rumors.\nEven making the smallest change starts off a storm of gossip in the\nlunchroom. Speculations about one thing after the other. Usually\ncompletely incorrect and based on wrong information. It would be\neasier if they just came straight to me with their questions.", "chunk_index": 432, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 841, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_433", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I mean,\nhow hard can it be to step into the manager’s office and just ask?\nThey know that I’ll always answer honestly, so beating around the\nbush is frustrating. I don’t know how many times I’ve said that we\nhave to just be honest with each other at this firm. Is that so hard?\nWhy do you think they don’t share what they’re thinking with you?\nThey’re afraid that I’ll get angry, of course. I’ve never thought\nabout it before. They think that I’m short-tempered, because, on\noccasion, I raise my voice or glare at someone, but that just means\nthat I’m trying to highlight that what I’ve said is important. [Pause.]\nPersonally, I couldn’t care less if a conversation is a little tense; it’s\nnot the same thing as being angry. But it was news to me that some\npeople actively avoid strong individuals. What I don’t understand is\nhow this happens between grown-ups.\nYou consider it immature behavior—not saying what you think?\nImmature. Dishonest, actually.", "chunk_index": 433, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 953, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_434", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A lot like a child who refuses to\nadmit that he took the chocolate chip cookie, even though he wasn’t\nallowed to. I know that he did it, so what’s the point denying it?\nThat’s something I really don’t understand. Just admit your mistakes!\nWhy is that so hard? Admit what you’ve done or not done, and then\nwe can move on. But denying it or avoiding it … it drives me insane.\nOkay. Let’s consider the other colors. You said that you find Blues the\neasiest to deal with? Relatively easy with Yellows. But what about other\nReds? How is it working with people that have the same profile you have?\nUsually, no problem. We do what we have to do. I have a\nmanagement team consisting of five people besides myself. I would\nsay that three are Red. Or wait now. Two are Red and one\nRed/Yellow. One is Blue—the controller. And the last one is … hard\nto say. He’s both visionary and at the same time focuses on the\ndetails. Can a person be Yellow/Blue?\nYes. A common combination.", "chunk_index": 434, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 966, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_435", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But no Green in the team then?\n[Smiling.] No.\nHow does your Red behavior function, in general, do you think?\nWell, before reading the book and discovering my personal profile\nI never thought that much about it. I hadn’t really reflected on the\nway I approach things. But the more I read, the more I realized that I\nwas the cause of some of the problems I’ve had at work. The thing\nabout people hiding their real feelings was only one part of the story.\nIt never occurred to me that some people were afraid or intimidated\nby the way I behave. There’s been a lot of turbulence when I made\ndecisions too quickly or when things weren’t properly thought out. Of\ncourse, I know that I need to think through things before I decide on\nanything, but it just happens. I get an idea—and off we go!\nImplemented before lunch.\nWhat are the consequences of these poorly thought-out decisions? Do\nyou have any examples?\nTons. [Laughter.] Once I accepted a job without even asking\nabout the salary.", "chunk_index": 435, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 981, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_436", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Turns out I had to work sixty hours a week without\na penny in overtime. On one occasion, I hired a person who turned\nout to be totally useless. I hadn’t asked for any references and I\nassumed that he knew what he was talking about. He knew nothing\nabout the industry or the product. He was a complete scammer.\nUnfortunately, he cost us a lot before I finally managed to get rid of\nhim. Lots of money wasted, though.\nThat doesn’t sound ideal. How are things outside of work? How do you\nmanage your personal relationships?\nIn those areas I think even less. But it’s kind of funny. I showed\nthe book to my husband and asked him to read it. He didn’t, but I\nhighlighted some areas that I insisted he read.\nRed behavior?\nRed behavior. And he did read some of it. He probably\nrecognized his wife.", "chunk_index": 436, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 790, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_437", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He laughed a little, but now that I think about it,\nhe didn’t say anything in particular.\nDid he make any comments about Green behavior?\nNo.\nHow do you work together? As a team?\nHow do we work together? [Loud laughter.] I tell him what needs\nto be done, and he does it. Before he’s finished with it, I find\nsomething else for him to do and send him off to do it. Later on, I get\nannoyed because he hasn’t finished. But he’s never finished\nanything in his entire life. We often laugh about this—I create\ndisorder but blame him. I’m sure he doesn’t have an easy life.\nI understand. What would you say your biggest challenges are, based on\nyour Red behavior?\nSome people take an eternity to make a simple decision, and it\ndrives me crazy. I know I’m fast, but some people are just painfully\nslow. It doesn’t make a difference if it’s a friend or a coworker. For\ninstance, we said that we were going to buy an armchair for our\nliving room.", "chunk_index": 437, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 935, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_438", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Because I work so much, we agreed that my husband\nwould [here Helena raises her eyebrows, and slowly a smile spreads\nacross her face]. I agreed that he had to do all the research. Check\nonline, furniture stores, secondhand shops, and so on. But nothing\nhappened, of course! Two days later, when I asked him about it, he\nhadn’t done anything at all! So, the following day during lunch, while\nI was in the bathroom, I found five different options and sent them to\nhim. And when I got home five hours later, he still hadn’t done\nanything! I exploded at him, and he locked himself in the basement.\nOkay, a good example, thanks. How long have you been married?\nFourteen years. We met by chance. I usually say that what\nattracted me to him was that he could keep his mouth shut when\nneeded, and he still does. But sometimes I wish that he would take a\nlittle more initiative and just do things.", "chunk_index": 438, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 888, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_439", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I’ve never actually asked him\nwhat he saw in me.\nBut how do you resolve your conflicts if he’s Green and you’re Red?\nI don’t think we actually have that many conflicts. On the whole,\nI’m the one who argues if anything happens, but, on the other hand,\nhe can get very sulky.\nWhat do you mean by sulky?\nHe can walk around for days just moping. Normally, I just ignore\nhim; he usually recovers. But sometimes I get tired of all his sad\nfaces and asking him what the problem is. I confront him, as it were.\n[Pause.]\nWhat happens then?\nWhat happens then? Well … He says that there’s no problem.\nThat everything’s great. But that’s not true. He’s really easy to read,\nso I always know if something is wrong. The problem is that he\nrefuses to admit that he’s grouchy. Which usually means that he’s\nupset because of something I did. Or said. The problem is that I\nnever remember anything. I have to start guessing—which is\nabsolutely impossible.", "chunk_index": 439, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 937, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_440", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Often it’s about some insignificant stray\ncomment I made in passing, usually something I forgot the minute I\nsaid it. And if I don’t guess correctly, then he gets even grumpier. It\ncan go on for weeks. I don’t understand how he copes with it.\nBut how do you move on? Can’t you sort it out?\nWell, we just tend to sweep it under the rug. I forget about the\nwhole thing. But my husband stores the “conflict” in some private\narchive that only he knows about. That shelf must be completely full\nby now.\n[Helena thinks for a moment. You know, I’ve always gotten in\ntrouble for sharing my opinion, for walking my own path. I’ve never\nreally fit in. Even as a child, I did stupid things and took risks. But\nnow I’m glad that I took risks because it’s taken me somewhere. But\nit definitely hasn’t always been easy.\nHow has your risk-taking benefited you?\nSitting and thinking about things leads nowhere. It makes no\ndifference how great your plans are if you don’t get off your butt and\ncarry them out.", "chunk_index": 440, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 993, "length_words": 185 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_441", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I didn’t always know where I was going, but that\nnever stopped me. I’ve had some tough spots, went bankrupt, lost\nmy job, and things like that. Not that much fun, but those things\nbrought me to where I am now. The way I see it, it’s not how much\nyou know or how clever you are, but what you actually do. And I\nhave always been good at that. Doing things.\nWhat advice would you give to people who meet you? What should they\nkeep in mind?\n[Pause.] Don’t be intimidated by the fact that sometimes I’m a\nlittle too pushy. Don’t back off just because I can raise my voice a bit.\nI’m not angry just because I push people. But also that they have to\nget the show on the road. My husband and I often talk about how\ndifferent we are at delivering a message. While he gives the\nbackground for ten minutes and then comes to the point, I go straight\nto the point and tell people what’s important. Maybe I throw in a little\nbackground info, but probably not.", "chunk_index": 441, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 945, "length_words": 185 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_442", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "People should keep in mind that\nyou can work without talking all the time. Put your energy into the\ntask at hand instead of a bunch of other things. You can socialize on\nthe weekend.\nHåkan Seller of Advertising Space on One of the Major Commercial TV\nChannels. Mostly Yellow but with Some Splashes of Green. No Blue or Red.\nWhat do you think of this tool? DISA language?\nReally great! An incredibly useful tool that more people should\nknow about. I recognized so much of myself in the book, too. It was\nbrilliant. I showed the book to everyone I know, and we just had to\nlaugh about how accurate it was. I’ve read most of the book, mostly\nabout Yellows. I don’t agree with everything, but most of it was spot-\non.\nWhat parts of Yellow behavior did you think were most accurate?\nThat we Yellows are very creative and resourceful. People are\nalways telling me that.", "chunk_index": 442, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 863, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_443", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Also, I’m adept at solving complex problems,\nbecause I can see solutions in a different way than everyone else.\nWhat do you mean by different?\nEinstein once said that you can’t solve a problem with the same\nmind-set as when you created it. Or something like that. I think that’s\nexactly right. That’s why I always approach any problem with new,\nfresh eyes. My customers always appreciate my creative thinking.\nAnd I’m really good at winning people over. I’ve always found it easy\nto charm people; it is a kind of natural talent actually. I know lots of\npeople; I always have. And I’m great at public speaking. In school, I\nwas president of the student council and often spoke to the entire\nschool.\nThe entire school?\nYes, to all the students. Or not to all, not really. Okay, usually to\nmy grade. All the freshmen. But there was always a great\natmosphere, and people liked it. Since then, I just love talking in front\nof people.", "chunk_index": 443, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_444", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I’m often asked to be the spokesman in different contexts.\nCan you give me some examples?\nOh yes. When there are projects at work, for example. I’m always\nthe one to report back to our bosses. I give a great presentation at\nclient meetings, too. If there are several of us from the firm, I do the\ntalking.\nWhat do the others think about that?\nNo problem. They like avoiding it. Lots of people have difficulty\ntalking in front of people, as you probably know. Were you a\npsychologist? I know a girl who’s a psychologist. She works at a\nprison; seems very interesting. She says most of the prisoners are\npretty miserable, which isn’t hard to believe. I wouldn’t make it being\nlocked away like that.\nI’m not actually a psychologist. I’m a behavioral specialist.\nThere was one thing in the book that I didn’t understand—areas\nfor improvement.\nWhat did you think that meant?\nThe book talked about how Yellows are quick to make decisions,\nand that’s true.", "chunk_index": 444, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 949, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_445", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But I disagree with the idea that my decisions aren’t\nwell thought out. I’m very analytically inclined. I always do thorough\nresearch. I gather all the facts before I decide on anything. So in that\nregard the report book was off base.\nI understand. Are there any other discrepancies?\nThat I use too many words when I criticize. That’s completely\nwrong. I’m very concise and articulate, so I don’t think that was\naccurate. Also the bit about following instincts and going with your\ngut—that’s actually a good thing, not a weakness.\nTo go more on feeling than on facts?\nExactly. Humans are emotional beings. So we should use our\nfeelings. Especially me. I’m very intuitive, so it’s something I’m really\ngood at. Not everyone has good instincts, so that’s a real asset.\nThat may be true. Do you think people can develop their instincts over\ntime?\nNo. It’s something you’re born with. You either have it, like me, or\nyou don’t.\nThen it is too late to do anything about it?\nNo, it’s not too late.", "chunk_index": 445, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 991, "length_words": 176 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_446", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "That’s was not what I meant.\nBut you said if people didn’t have a gut feeling they couldn’t develop that\nskill?\nOkay, maybe I was exaggerating. But it’s definitely important!\nDo you ever need to keep emotions in check and use logic instead?\nOh yes, absolutely. It’s very important to think logically and\nrationally. I always say that. You have to look at what works and go\nfrom there. I think that it’s easier for someone like me, who has some\nexperience. I have been a salesperson for many years, so I know\nwhat to take into account.\nI’m sorry, but I am a little confused. Just now you told me that it was only\ngut feeling that was important. How do you reconcile those two things?\nYou’re twisting my words. I never said that you shouldn’t use\nlogic. [At this point, Håkan crosses his hands over his chest and\ncompresses his lips.] What I’m saying is that you should go on gut\nfeeling. [Pause.] And facts.\nLet’s move on.", "chunk_index": 446, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_447", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What was the most practical thing you learned after\nreading the book?\nThat Blues are boring. Though I already knew that beforehand. I\njust didn’t know that they were Blue. But those red-tape jackasses,\nwell … I remember once I was working on this project. Nothing too\ncomplicated, and we’d already done the same thing before. A special\nway to sell a new product line. We had a couple of Blue guys on the\nteam. They were smart, well informed, and everything, but they\nnever got started on the job. They planned and wrote lists and made\ncalculations and messed around with details. But they didn’t actually\ndo anything!\nMaybe they weren’t as good at using their gut feeling?\nWhat do you mean?\nSo you find it hard to work with Blues?\nThey can’t keep up with me, that’s all.\nHas what you learned in the book affected your personal life in any way?\nNo. I’m the same as I always. I’ve got lots of friends. The parties\nwe organize at home are legendary.", "chunk_index": 447, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_448", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The neighbors talk about them\nfor months afterwards.\nSo you invite the neighbors, too? That sounds very nice.\nOh, no way! They’re boring as hell.\nBut what do the neighbors talk about then? If they didn’t even come to\nthe party?\n[Pause.] Well, man, who knows? Ha-ha!\nWhat advice would you give the people who meet you? What should they\nconsider?\nWho meet me?\nYes. How would you like those around you to react?\nLet me tell you. Don’t take life so seriously. I mean, we live only\nonce. People should remember that. We should all let ourselves\nhave fun at the same time. And don’t caught up in little things all the\ntime. Move on. Don’t get hung up on things. I don’t. Life’s just a\njoyride.\nOkay, that’s what you believe. But what advice would you give to those\nwho meet you? How would you like to be treated?\nWith a smile. You can get very far with a smile.\nAnd when it comes to work? How would you like to be treated there?\nSame thing I just said. With a smile.", "chunk_index": 448, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 184 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_449", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The rest will always work out.\n[Pause.] Okay. There aren’t any perfect people. We all have our faults and\nshortcomings, so what would you say your weaknesses are, do you think?\nI don’t usually think in that way. My focus has always been on\npositive things. I like to emphasize the good things in life. If everyone\nwent around thinking about what doesn’t work, then nothing would\nget done, right?\nThat’s logical, but every behavior profile has weaknesses. They don’t just\ngo away because we avoid talking about them.\nThat’s not what I mean. What I meant is that you shouldn’t focus\non negative things. It’s better to emphasize the positive. God knows\nthere’s enough depressing stuff in the world already, right? Take, for\ninstance, Green behavior. They worry about everything. They see\ndanger absolutely everywhere. I mean, you can’t go around being\nanxious all the time. It doesn’t work like that. I have a neighbor who’s\nafraid of everything.", "chunk_index": 449, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 943, "length_words": 160 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_450", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Especially new things, which are the things that\nI’m good at. Sometimes I think he’s even scared of his own shadow.\nOr think about Blue behavior. Risk-phobic! Everything is a risk for\nthem. Even if you know the result you’ll get, they’re still focused on\nthe risks. That’s totally incomprehensible to me.\nYou’re absolutely right! Greens aren’t inclined to change things, Blues get\nstuck analyzing risks. Do you see any weaknesses in Red behavior?\nCantankerous. That’s what I think about Reds. Lots of them are\nactually quite nasty. Sure, they’re result oriented and whatnot, but\nthere’s no need to be rude to get things done. Some of them can be\nso short. You know, you send them a nice long text message, and\nthe reply you get is just: “Okay.” It takes five seconds to write a\nlonger message, it doesn’t cost anything, and it’s so much more\npersonable! I’m always very careful about how I express myself.\nSo you’ve analyzed the weaknesses in Reds, Greens, and Blues.", "chunk_index": 450, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 967, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_451", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Do you\nthink that there are any areas for development for Yellow behavior?\nYeaaah … it all depends on self-awareness. Without self-\nawareness, things can get a little crazy. [Pause.]\nAre you thinking of anything in particular?\nThe part about being a bad listener. That’s important, ’cause if\nyou’re not aware of it, then the conversation can go south. Though\nsometimes you just can’t sit around and listen. A lot of times I’m\nforced to take command in meetings and run the show or else\nnothing will happen. But I can keep things moving along, so it works\nout very well.\nOkay, so some Yellows can learn to listen better. What do things look like\nfor you? Do you think you have any weaknesses you could be working on?\n[A very long pause sets in.]\nNothing that comes to mind.\nElisabeth Employee at a Public Health-Care Organization A Green with some\nElements of Blue.", "chunk_index": 451, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 864, "length_words": 154 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_452", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "She Has a Hint of Yellow but No Red at All.\nWhat do you think of this tool? DISA language?\nIt was fun to read the book! I felt like I already knew a lot about\nmy behavior, but I think this has made it even clearer. Now I know\nthat Reds think I’m stubborn, and that I’m a bit cautious by nature.\nBut I want everyone to be in agreement. Cooperation is important to\nme, and I think everyone should feel like that.\nWhat did you take away from the book?\nMy son gave me the book as a birthday present. He’s so kind, he\nalways gives me something, even though I said I don’t want any\npresents. He’s unemployed and has some money troubles, but Filip\nis caring. It took me a while to get started reading the book. It was\nactually a little hard for me to get into it, mostly because I was\ninterrupted all the time. But once I got going, I enjoyed it! There are\nsuch funny examples.", "chunk_index": 452, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 870, "length_words": 174 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_453", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I read the sections about my husband’s colors\naloud to him, and we laughed a lot.\nWhat colors do you think he has?\nOh, he’s Yellow. And Blue. At the same time, actually. Can\nsomeone be like that?\nYes. It’s absolutely possible. What did you think was funny?\nThe parts about him being optimistic about time. He always\nbelieves that he’ll get way more done than he actually does. And\nthen we hit traffic the second we get in the car. Or he hops into the\nshower three minutes before guests start arriving. Things like that.\nBut that optimism is part of the reason I fell for him thirty years ago.\nHe’s a good guy, my Tommy.\nWhat will you take with you in the form of practical knowledge?\nThat I get on well with other Greens, which is good, because\nthere are so many of us! I liked the part about how Greens take care\nof each other all the time. That’s important. You’ve got to do that.", "chunk_index": 453, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 882, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_454", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But\nnowadays it feels as if everyone is becoming more and more selfish,\nbut I don’t think it will stay like that in the long run. I also read a lot\nabout the Yellows, like my husband, and about Blues, like my sister.\nShe is very straitlaced. Very rigid and a little bit uninterested.\nUninterested in what?\nIn the rest of the world, really. She never asks how things are\ngoing, and hardly calls you on your birthday.\nHardly calls? Does that mean she doesn’t call you on your birthday?\nWell, she does. But it feels like she’s doing it out of obligation\nrather than out of genuine interest. And she can be really critical as\nwell. Tommy redid our back deck a few years ago. Then Eivor came\n—she is my sister—and the first thing she did was start criticizing his\nwork.\nWhat did she say?\nThe first words out of her mouth were to point out that the deck\nrailing was two degrees off from being level.\nWas it?\nWell, it was a tiny bit crooked.", "chunk_index": 454, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 934, "length_words": 178 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_455", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But why did she have to point that\nout? He’d been working on the deck for several weeks, and instead\nof complimenting his hard work, she just started criticizing\neverything.\nSo it wasn’t just the railing that she criticized?\n[Elisabeth shakes her head.]\nWhat do you think about Reds?\nYes … they’re okay, in their own way. [Pause.]\nWhat do you mean?\nThey’re very efficient. They get a lot done and they’re quick.\nSometimes I wish I had a little more of that ambition in me, but I\ndon’t. I’m just me.\nBut you think it might be helpful to be a little Red—sometimes?\nYes, sure. But you are who you are. And they can be a bit …\ntough.\nHow are they tough?\nWell, a little bit insensitive in certain situations. Our department\nhead is probably a Red. He’ll say just about anything. And the\nsurgeons are terrible to deal with. They boss people around however\nthey want.\nHow does that affect you?\nIt’s hard for me to deal with conflict.", "chunk_index": 455, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 926, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_456", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "You can’t avoid it completely,\nI know that, but it’s difficult when everyone is butting heads all the\ntime.\nSo everyone is at loggerheads all the time?\nNot really everyone. And not all the time of course. But we\ndefinitely have communication problems. There’s a bad atmosphere,\nand the management doesn’t listen. A lot of us are suffering in that\nwork environment. I was on sick leave last year.\nHave you taken this up with your boss?\nWe tried to, five years ago. It didn’t help much. It got better for a\nwhile, but then things just went back to normal.\nOkay. So how are you feeling now?\nIt’s all right. We have a great team of people at work, and that’s\nimportant. We stick together. Many of us have been working there for\na long time and we wouldn’t want to leave.\nWhat do you think about your own color? As a Green how do you get on\nwith the other colors?\nWell, the Reds are tricky of course. They don’t like Greens,\nthough there are a lot more of us.", "chunk_index": 456, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 182 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_457", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They complain about us; I’ve\nheard this personally. They say things; they call us names\nunnecessarily.\nWhat do you mean by that? Can you give a specific example?\nI don’t have a specific example, but it’s something you just know.\nYou feel it when you’re dissatisfied. It kind of hangs in the air.\nYou said that your boss was Red?\nNot my immediate boss, but the head of the department.\nEmphatically Red.\nAnd how do you know that?\nWell, he is. It’s clear as day. He walks quickly, talks quickly. Very\ndemanding. Goal oriented. Difficult. He’s made cuts.\nIf you implement cuts, you’re tough?\nDefinitely.\nSo how are things going with the head of the department then?\nI don’t know. I’ve never spoken to him directly. But you just know.\nYou just know?\nWe’ve heard about other employees who got into hot water with\nhim.\nWhat happened then?\nOne of them has been harshly reprimanded for little things like\narriving late. She was called into the office immediately.", "chunk_index": 457, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 954, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_458", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But not me.\nI’m always on time.\nSo someone didn’t come on time for work and was criticized for that?\nShe got a telling-off.\nWhat was said?\nI wasn’t there, of course, and didn’t hear it, but she told me that it\nshouldn’t have been handled like that.\nDo you think it’s okay to be late for work?\nNo, it’s not okay.\nBut isn’t it the head of the department’s responsibility to correct behavior\nlike that?\nI guess so, but it depends on how you do it.\nDid he scream and shout?\nNo, but he said that no one was allowed to be late, and if she\ncame in late again, she would get a warning.\nHow many times had she come late?\nOh, she’s never on time.\nOkay. What would you like other people to know about you when they\nmeet you in real life? How would you like to be treated?\nWell, it would be great if people understood that some of us want\nto take it easy. And that I don’t enjoy things changing all the time. I’d\nlike to get a chance to get to know people a little bit before we just\ndive into work.", "chunk_index": 458, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 987, "length_words": 200 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_459", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Let’s grab a coffee, chat for a while. It’s nice to know\npeople as people, and then we can get back to business.\nAnything else?\nYes, we Greens aren’t great at dealing with conflicts. We need to\nlearn to handle that better.\nStefan Economist Working at the Headquarters of a Very Large Company,\nwith Offices in Several European Countries. Blue with Some Hints of Red. No\nYellow or Green.\nWhat do you think of this tool? DISA language?\nIt’s quite an interesting concept. It seems like there’s been a lot of\nresearch done on the topic, which I find exciting. I’ve seen a variation\nof this tool before, but that system categorized people by assigning\ndifferent letter combinations. It would be interesting to compare the\ntwo models.\nThere are several different tools available. Most of them are grounded in\nthe same basic research, but as time went on they developed differently. The\ntool I use is particularly accurate.\nDo you mean with regard to reliability or validity?\nBoth.", "chunk_index": 459, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 973, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_460", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "I’d also recommend Marston’s book Emotions of Normal People if\nyou’re curious to learn more. What conclusions have you drawn after\nreading the book?\nIt was interesting to see how the author structured it. He wrote\nabout Reds first, then about Yellows, Greens, and Blues. Each new\ntopic was explained in reference to the four different colors. That was\ngood because it means you don’t get bored reading about any one\nspecific color. And I noticed that there was always just about the\nsame number of pages on each color, which is pretty impressive. I\nwonder how he managed it?\nRegarding patterns of behavior, what have you learned so far?\nThat people are different. I knew that already, of course, but it\nwas interesting to see exactly how we differ. And there were good\nexamples in the book. For instance, I was particularly interested in\nRed behavior.\nWhat are your thoughts on that?\nTheir tremendous drive to move forward. I have a colleague with\nexactly that kind of attitude and drive.", "chunk_index": 460, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 171 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_461", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Always moving forward,\nalways first in line. His ability to make decisions quickly is very\nimpressive. He ends up making a lot of mistakes, of course, but he\ncorrects them quickly, so I don’t think it’s a huge problem.\nDo you work well with Reds?\nPretty well, I think. Sure, they’re often careless, as I said, but you\ncan help them be more exacting. My role is usually to make sure we\nstick to the plan, and that’s not something Reds are great at. But\nthey’re often quite good at improvising, which is a valuable skill. And\nthey’re brave.\nIt sounds as if you don’t have any major problems with Red behavior?\nNo. It depends on what you mean by major, but I’d say I don’t\nhave any big problems with them. But, having said that, I think they\nhave considerably more difficulty dealing with people like me.\nWhat do you mean?\nI want everything well structured. Zero mistakes. In this business,\nwe work with finances and there’s no margin for error. This industry\ndemands a rather meticulous type of person.", "chunk_index": 461, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 1000, "length_words": 181 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_462", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "If I’ve understood the\nbook correctly, Reds aren’t interested in details, which is basically\nwhat my work amounts to. There would be enormous consequences\nif I were to be careless with decimal places. It just can’t happen.\nOkay. How about the other colors? How do you get along with Greens?\nFairly well. Both of us—at least according to the book—are\nintroverts, which I think is a positive. Then you can devote yourself to\nwork rather than just lolling around chatting. [Pause.]\nBut Greens like chatting.\nThat’s true, they do. I don’t, though. Unless it’s work related. Then\nwe can talk for a long time. What I don’t like about Greens is that\nthey have a tendency to make a pretense of working. They are often\naway from their desks, doing something else instead of working, and\nthat slows everything down. It’s a problem.\nDo you find this is a common problem in your workplace?\nYes.\nWhat have you done to tackle the problem?\nNothing.\nWhy not?\nIt’s not my responsibility.", "chunk_index": 462, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 970, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_463", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It’s a management issue.\nHave you raised the issue with the management team?\nNo.\nSo some of your coworkers pretend to work, and this slows the whole\nteam down. You’ve observed this but haven’t done anything about it?\nThat’s right.\nBut why not?\nLike I said before, it’s a management problem. I don’t have any\nauthority to act on the issue.\nWhat would you do if you had the authority?\nThat’s a hypothetical question.\nYes, but let’s just say you did.\nBut that’s not the actual situation. I’m not interested in\nmanagement, so I don’t know what I would do.\nJust out of curiosity—if your boss asked you for advice on exactly this\nissue, an employee who doesn’t do what they should, what advice would\nyou give?\nPurely hypothetically?\nYes.\nI’d ask the boss to follow up with the problem employee more\nfrequently. Give them feedback on what’s not working, and demand\nthat they change the problematic behavior.\nOkay.", "chunk_index": 463, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 906, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_464", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Can we talk a little bit about Yellow behavior?\n[At this point, Stefan crosses his hands on his chest and nods.]\nHow do you perceive people with distinctive Yellow behavior?\nThey’re a bit annoying. I just wish that they’d take things much\nmore seriously. Work, to start with. Of course, I realize that you also\nneed to have fun at work, but not for the majority of the day. You\ncan’t fool around all the time during working hours. The worst thing is\nthat they just wander around making a noise, bothering everyone. At\ntimes they can be very entertaining, but working is working and\nplaying is playing. There’s also the issue of their total inability to get\nthe facts right. I think they’re very incompetent when it comes to\nfactual issues. They don’t take anything seriously, and that leads to\nlots of mistakes. For instance, if a pure Yellow individual worked as a\ncontroller how would that work out? He wouldn’t even know what to\nlook for.", "chunk_index": 464, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 941, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_465", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But the really serious issue is that they say so many things\nthat aren’t true. For example, they might say that they double-\nchecked certain details without ever actually doing it. Or insist that\nthey’re not careless despite the fact that everyone can see that they\nmost definitely are. The whole thing is wildly frustrating.\nHave you ever really gotten to know a Yellow?\nHow can you avoid it? They pour out their life story to whoever\nthey like, with a total lack of discernment. They think that all of us are\ninterested in their summer house, or their puppies, or their kid’s new\ntooth, or their brother’s new fishing boat. But all of that is completely\nand totally irrelevant.\nDo you ever hang out with Yellows?\nNo. I tend to avoid them.\nWhy?\nI wouldn’t be able to stand all that talking. They’d talk me to\ndeath. I can’t listen to them yammering on and on about everything\nand nothing. And you never know if what they’re saying is actually\ntrue. That irritates me.", "chunk_index": 465, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 968, "length_words": 175 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_466", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They hyperbolize all the time; five minutes\nwith a Yellow and I’m at my wit’s end. My brother-in-law always talks\nabout his new position at work. But he describes it differently every\ntime. I’ve asked him what his title is, because I didn’t understand\nwhat he actually does, but he always gets very vague. One time I\nasked how the company was growing and I got a long harangue\nabout how they were just about to take out a world patent on\nsomething. But he wouldn’t tell me how that was going to happen\nand what the details of the project were. It was hopeless.\nMaybe he didn’t know the answer?\nThen he should have said so! “I don’t know.” I mean how hard\ncan that be? Instead, he exploded with a hundred million things I\nwasn’t interested in.\nWhat advice would you give to others to help them interact better with\nyou?\nGood question. I’d advise them to please respect my desire to be\nprofessional and not devote valuable time to things that aren’t work\nrelated.", "chunk_index": 466, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 961, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_467", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They should be well prepared when they come to me with\nquestions. I need lots of background information to be able to give a\nproper answer.\nWhat are your greatest weaknesses?\nLet me think. Sometimes I get way too caught up in details. I\nknow that. I don’t think that it’s an issue at work, but in my private life\nit can be a problem.\nHow so?\nMy wife is rather Red. She thinks that I’m slow at everything, and\nshe’s right. I tend to be suspicious of new ideas. Not that I can’t\nchange, but I often see problems where none actually exist.\nSometimes I find it difficult to make decisions and I get anxious. We\nreally need a new television at home, because the current one is on\nthe fritz. But there are so many different models, and I haven’t had\nthe time to do proper research. My wife thinks we just need to take\nten minutes and go buy a new one. But what if it isn’t good? How do\nI know if it’s the type we need? After all, it’s a big investment.", "chunk_index": 467, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 946, "length_words": 187 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_468", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "So\nwe’ve just been making do with the old one.\nAny last thoughts?\nIt’s an interesting concept, as I said. I’m going to order the\nMarston book.\nA Quick Little Quiz to See What You’ve\nLearned\nHere’s a chance for you to test your skills! This is a fun thing that you\ncan use to test out your acquaintances. How much do you really\nknow about how people work? I hope the answers you get will lead\nto interesting discussions, either around the water cooler or at the\ndinner table at home.\n 1. Which combination of profiles would naturally agree on a social\nlevel?\nTwo Yellows\nTwo Reds\nYellow and Red\nBlue and Green\nAll of the above\n 2. Which combination of profiles naturally work well together?\nGreen with anyone else\nTwo Yellows\nTwo Reds\nBlue and Red\nAll of the above\n 3. Which profile will always prefer to be the head of a project?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n 4. Which profile would make the best surgeon?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n 5.", "chunk_index": 468, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 172 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_469", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Which person would enjoy giving a speech the most?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n 6. Which person would know exactly where he saved that email\nfrom his boss?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n 7. Which person would want to do more tests or get more\ninformation before making a decision?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n 8. Which person can you always rely on to arrive on time?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n 9. Which person doesn’t follow the rulebook to get a job done?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n10. Which person would be the most willing to try something new to\nget the job done?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n11. Which person will remember personal criticism the longest?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n12. Which person is the least organized but knows exactly where to\ngo to get what he needs?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n13. Which profile always wants to make decisions?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n14. Which profile wears the latest fashions?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n15. Which profile would enjoy new challenges the most?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n16.", "chunk_index": 469, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_470", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Which profile would be the quickest to judge other people?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n17. Which combination of profiles would form the best team?\nTwo Greens\nTwo Reds\nYellow and Red\nBlue and Green\nA mixture of all the colors\n18. Which profile will probably talk the most?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n19. Which profile would assimilate new ideas the quickest?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n20. Which profile would delegate a task but then still do it himself?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n21. Which profile is the best listener?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n22. Which profile wouldn’t miss the last step of the instructions?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\n23. Which profile is most common in your social circle?\nRed\nYellow\nGreen\nBlue\nThe answers can be found on page 269.\nMore About Question 23\nAt work, you can’t always choose the people you’ll work with.\nThey’re just there, whether you would have chosen them or not. In\nthe professional world, you have to play a good game with the cards\nthat you have.", "chunk_index": 470, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 961, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_471", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "But outside of work, when you can choose who you\nwill spend your time with, what kind of people do you choose? Have\nyou chosen people who are similar to yourself, or do you hang out\nwith people who are your total opposite?\nOf course, there are no right or wrong answers, but it’s interesting\nto think about it. When we can choose, whom do we choose?\nAnd how do we choose the partner we want to spend the rest of\nour lives with? Your mirror image, or your opposite? A fascinating\nquestion, right?\nA Final Example from Everyday Life\nPerhaps the Most Enlightening Team Project in the History of the\nWorld\nOkay, my friend—it’s time to summarize all of this. To do that, I’d like\nto tell you about a fascinating experience I had a few years ago.\nI was leading a conference, and I got it into my head to do an\nexperiment with a group of managers who were working at a telecom\ncompany. The participants were professional and clever, and all of\nthem were successful in their respective fields.", "chunk_index": 471, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 183 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_472", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They had excellent\nqualifications and were destined for brilliant careers. I’d already\nmade profiles for all of them—they had completed a self-assessment\nthat showed which communication style they had.\nI divided the managers into groups with similar behavior profiles. I\nimagined that it would be easy for them to get along. They’d certainly\nunderstand one another. There were twenty people in total. I called\nthe groups Red, Yellow, Green, and Blue. I mean I had to call them\nsomething.\nThey had to solve a specially constructed problem that was\nconnected to their field and required cooperation. They were given\nan hour to complete it. I explained the challenge and all the groups\neagerly accepted the instructions and got to work.\nAfter the groups had been working for a while, I went around and\nchecked out what was going on in the various teams.\nIn the Red Group, the noise level was high. Three people were\nstanding and loudly explaining why they were right.", "chunk_index": 472, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 964, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_473", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Two of them\nwere in the middle of an argument, while the final person had\ndecided to work alone. Completely unconcerned about the shouting\nmatch three feet away, he was writing so fast that his pen was\nstarting to spark.\nWhen I asked if everything was okay in there, everything\nsuddenly stopped and all of them looked at me in surprise.\n“Is everything okay?” I repeated anxiously.\n“Peachy!” one of the belligerent guys said grimly. “We’re almost\ndone here.”\nI left them and continued on. The Yellow Group was also working\nfrantically. You could almost taste the energy in the room. Things\nwere happening! The discussions were lively, with everyone trying to\nconvince the others of their own position. While the Reds were mad\nas hell with one another, there was nothing but smiles here. Three of\nthe Yellows were jockeying for space at the whiteboard, and another\ntold me an amusing anecdote that had nothing to do with the subject\nat hand (but it was actually hilarious).", "chunk_index": 473, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_474", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "The fifth manager in the Yellow\nGroup was doodling on a piece of paper and sending emails on his\ncell phone.\nI left them to pay a visit to the Green Group. Inside the room,\nthere was a strange calmness. Their voices were quiet, and they\nwere all listening rather than speaking. The chief goal was stability\nand security. Five of the managers were sitting quietly, listening to\none of their colleagues telling a sad story about his dog who had\ntragically died of old age that same winter. He was still missing his\nlife companion.\nThe last manager had sketched out some suggestions about how\nthey could solve the task I’d given them, but every suggestion ended\nwith a question mark. She needed more input, and it looked like she\nwould have to ask for it. She was in trouble.\nI continued on. In the last group, the Blue Group, the room was\nalmost absurdly quiet. After sitting with them for three minutes\nwithout anyone uttering so much as a single word, I was seriously\nconcerned.", "chunk_index": 474, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 177 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_475", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "A lot of thought was happening under the surface, but\nthere was no real communication taking place.\nA woman was reading silently through the task with her lips\nmoving. I asked if they needed help to get started. I got a few\nhesitant nods in reply. They soon began a very thorough\ndeliberation. They would absolutely get to the bottom of things. It\nwas obvious that they were on the right track, but on an extremely\ndetailed level. They discussed for a long time what their plan of\naction should be.\nI remember glancing furtively at the clock. Half the allotted time\nhad passed, but they hadn’t produced anything concrete. Proposals\nhad been put forward, but they’d been rejected by the others on a\nvariety of technicalities. Every word was chosen carefully and the\nadvantages and disadvantages weighed carefully.", "chunk_index": 475, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 812, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_476", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "They were far\nmore interested in doing things properly than in actually getting\nthings done.\nI left them to their fate and went back to the large conference\nroom.\nBefore the allotted time was up, the Red Group arrived with\ntriumphant grins. They congratulated one another for being the first\nback. They’d clearly won the test.\nI had to go and fetch all the other groups. The Yellow Group was\nthe slowest. I had to go back twice before they deigned to make an\nappearance. Two of them were talking on their phones, and the third\nguy only managed to recover after having some coffee and cake.\nWhen all the groups had returned, I let them present their work.\nThe Red Group went triumphantly to the podium. They’d turned\nthe task into a race. They were ready in thirty minutes, even though\nthey had been given an hour. The rest of the time they’d spent\nphoning around to their coworkers, checking what they were doing\nwith their time.", "chunk_index": 476, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 929, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_477", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "It was a sound presentation, a well-organized\nstructure, and properly thought out. But about thirty seconds into the\nreport, it was clear that the Red Group had solved a completely\ndifferent problem than what I’d given them. It wasn’t at all what I had\nasked for.\nWhen I asked if they had actually read the instructions, they all\nbegan arguing. One of the men stated confidently that they’d\nadapted the task to reality. They’d done a brilliant job. He expected\napplause, but when the standing ovation didn’t materialize, the\nmembers of the group shrugged their shoulders and returned to their\nseats. A second after sitting down, the woman in the group began\nplaying with her phone. A vital text message had to be sent\nimmediately.\nAfter that, it was the Yellow Group’s turn. This group consisted of\nthree women and two men. All of them smiled and stood at the front.\nWho should begin? A brief deliberation took place before one of the\nwomen charmed her way to the podium.", "chunk_index": 477, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_478", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "She quickly plunged into\nher topic, presenting the exciting discussions they’d had for the past\nhour. She spoke for a while about the whole thing being an\ninspirational exercise; she described how she was going to use the\ninsights she’d gained when she returned to her work. Her\npresentation was very entertaining, and everyone laughed. I was\nalso amused by the woman’s story, especially considering that it only\nhad one purpose: to camouflage the fact that the group hadn’t solved\nthe task. However, the Yellow Group did manage to get some\napplause, mostly due to the high entertainment value of their\npresentation.\nNow it was time for the Green Group. It took a while to get\neveryone up to the podium. While the Yellow Group had squabbled\nabout who was going first, the Green Group was anxious. “Do all of\nus go up?” “Who should present the report? Should I?” “Shouldn’t\nyou do it?” At least half of the six participants looked as if they had a\nstomachache.", "chunk_index": 478, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 959, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_479", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Sure, this was the largest group but, nevertheless,\nthey were all nervous.\nNo one took command. After a moment of low-key deliberations,\none of the men began to speak. He faced the whiteboard most of the\ntime. He talked softly, turning towards the members of his team for\nsupport. He was so subtle in his observations that the message was\nhopelessly lost. With growing desperation, he looked at his team for\nhelp.\nWhen their presentation was over, not even the Green Group had\nsolved the task, even though they had made more progress than the\nYellow Group. I asked if everyone in the group was in agreement\nabout the material that was presented.\nThe unfortunate spokesperson said that he thought that it was\nprobably true that most of them were relatively in agreement. I asked\nthe group, and they all nodded in unison.", "chunk_index": 479, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 819, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_480", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "At least four of the\nparticipants in the group had grim faces, their arms crossed tightly\naround their bodies—body language that proclaimed they were far\nfrom agreeing with what had been said. One of the women looked\nresentfully at the spokesperson. But, by Jove, she was in agreement.\nFinally, the Blue Group marched up in line and stood in\nalphabetical order, according to a prearranged agenda. Arne went\nthrough the instructions, revealing that there were several points that\nhad made the task challenging.", "chunk_index": 480, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 509, "length_words": 83 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_481", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Among other things, he remarked on\nthe sentence structure in the document that I had handed out—he\nspent most of the time explaining that it was better to say “advisor”\nrather than “adviser,” although both forms are technically correct—\nand pointed out no fewer than two additional grammatical errors, on\nthe very first page.\nThen it was Berit’s turn to go through the structure they had\nbased their work on, after being interrupted twice by Arne, who\nbelieved that a few minor details needed to be clarified. When Kjell\ntook over, they still weren’t even close to providing a solution to the\nproblem.", "chunk_index": 481, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 601, "length_words": 103 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_482", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Stefan didn’t straighten out any issues, and when Yolanda\nfinally announced they needed more time to finish the task properly,\nchaos erupted in the conference room.\nThe Red Group quickly branded the members of the Blue Group\ncomplete idiots, the Yellow Group felt it was the most boring thing\nthey’d ever experienced, and the Green Group just suffered silently\nthrough the whole show.\nConclusions\nThe purpose of the whole exercise was to highlight that no group\nshould be composed solely of individuals of the same type. Diversity\nis the only possible route. The best way to put a group of people\ntogether is by mixing different types of people. This is the only way to\nachieve decent dynamics in any group. This seems intuitive, but\ndespite this, most of the organizations I have encountered fail on this\nfundamental requirement when they recruit people.", "chunk_index": 482, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 855, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_483", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Managers bring\nin new people who are just like themselves because they understand\neach other.\nThis book has been about explaining exactly why the groups in\nthis example worked the way they did and giving you the tools to\navoid similar problems in your own life. I hope that you found\npleasure in reading it and joining in this exciting exploration of how\npeople function, what makes them similar, and what makes them\ndifferent. Because we are all different. If you keep your eyes open,\nyou’ll find out exactly how different.\nThe rest is up to you.\nThe Answers to the Questions in Chapter\n 1. Two Yellows\n 2. Green with anyone\n 3. Red\n 4. Blue\n 5. Yellow\n 6. Blue\n 7. Blue\n 8. Blue\n 9. Red\n10. Yellow\n11. Green\n12. Yellow\n13. Red\n14. Yellow\n15. Red\n16. Red\n17. A mixture of all the colors\n18. Yellow\n19. Red\n20. Red\n21. Green\n22. Blue\n23.", "chunk_index": 483, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_484", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "To this there is no given answer, as you might understand.\nFurther Reading\nBlink: The Power of Thinking Without Thinking by Malcolm Gladwell.\nNew York: Back Bay Books, 2007.\nConversation Transformation: Recognize and Overcome the 6 Most\nDestructive Communication Patterns by Ben Benjamin, Amy\nYeager, and Anita Simon. New York: McGraw-Hill Education,\n2012.\nEmotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ by Daniel\nGoleman. New York: Bantam, 2005.\nFeel the Fear … and Do It Anyway by Susan Jeffers. Numerous\neditions.\nGet Your Sh*t Together: How to Stop Worrying About What You\nShould Do So You Can Finish What You Need to Do and Start\nDoing What You Want to Do by Sarah Knight. New York: Little,\nBrown and Company, 2016.\nHow to Stop Worrying and Start Living by Dale Carnegie. New York:\nGallery Books, 2004.\nHow to Win Friends and Influence People by Dale Carnegie.\nNumerous editions.\nInfluence: The Psychology of Persuasion by Robert Cialdini.", "chunk_index": 484, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 952, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_485", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "New\nYork: Harper Business, 2006.\nOutliers: The Story of Success by Malcom Gladwell. New York: Back\nBay Books, 2011.\nQuiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking by\nSusan Cain. New York: Broadway Books, 2013.\nSocial Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships by\nDaniel Goleman. New York: Bantam, 2007.\nThe 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: Powerful Lessons in\nPersonal Change by Stephen R. Covey. Numerous editions.\nThe 10 Dumbest Mistakes Smart People Make and How to Avoid\nThem: Simple and Sure Techniques for Gaining Greater Control\nof Your Life by Arthur Freeman. New York: William Morrow, 1993.\nThe Power of Habit: Why We Do What We Do in Life and Business\nby Charles Duhigg. New York: Random House, 2014.\nThe Ten Types of Human: A New Understanding of Who We Are,\nand Who We Can Be by Dexter Dias. London: Random House\nUK, 2017.\nTypes of Men by Eduard Spranger.", "chunk_index": 485, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 156 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_486", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Scottsdale, AZ: Target Training\nInternational, 2013.\nIndex\nThe index that appeared in the print version of this title does not\nmatch the pages in your eBook. Please use the search function on\nyour eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your\nreference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.\nA\naccuracy, Blues and\nactivity, Marston’s model and\nadapting\nbehavior when meeting Blues\nbehavior when meeting Greens\nbehavior when meeting Reds\nbehavior when meeting Yellows\nto Blue behavior\nto Green behavior\noverview of\nto Red behavior\nto Yellow behavior\naggression, Reds and\nair\nalcohol\nambition, Reds and\nanalytic ability\nanger. See also Temperament\nReds and\napproachability, Yellows and\nassessment, quiz for\nattitudes and approaches, overview of\nAztecs\nB\nbad news. See Feedback\nbalance, Greens and\nbehavior.", "chunk_index": 486, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 837, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_487", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See also Core behavior\ncauses of\ndefined\nas toolbox\nwhen meeting Blues\nwhen meeting Greens\nwhen meeting Reds\nwhen meeting Yellows\nblack bile\nblood\nblood pressure\nBlues\naccuracy and\nadapting to\nbehavior when meeting\nbody language of\ncaution and\ncombining with other colors\ncontrol and\ncriticism and\ndecision-making and\ndescription of\ndetails and\nexcuses and\nfeelings and\ngiving feedback to\nhelping with stress\nas introverts\nintuition and\nlethargy and\nlistening and\nlogic and\nmistakes and\nmodesty and\noverview of\nperception of by others\nperception of by self\npersonal interaction and\npessimism and\npreparation and\nquality and\nrealism and\nrisks and\nrules and\nsilence and\nspeed and\nspontaneity and\nstress factors for\nstress responses of\nteamwork example and\ntemperament of\ntrust and\nbody language\nof Blues\ngaze and\nof Greens\nhands and\nhead and face and\nimportance of\noverview of\nposture and\nof Reds\nterritory and\nof Yellows\nBonnstetter, Bill\nboredom, Yellows and\nbullying, Reds and\nC\nCarter, Jimmy\ncaution, Blues and\nchange\nGreens and\nReds and\nYellows and\nchildren, influences on\ncholeric behavior\nClark, Walter\nClinton, Bill\nclutter, Yellows and\ncombinations\nchallenging\nof colors within individuals\ncomplementary\neffective\nnatural\noverview of\nproblematic\ncommitment, Greens and\ncommunication.", "chunk_index": 487, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 1290, "length_words": 196 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_488", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See also Body language\nBlues and\nGreens and\nlisteners and\nwritten\nYellows and\ncompany parties\ncompetition, Reds and\ncompliance. See also DISA\nconflict\nGreens and\nReds and\nYellows and\ncontrol\nBlues and\nReds and\ncooperation\nGreens and\nReds and\ncore behavior\nas natural condition\norigins of\ncore values, overview of\ncounterquestioning\ncreativity, Yellows and\ncriticism\nBlues and\ndelivery of\nGreens and\nimmunity to\nReds and\nYellows and\ncuriosity, Yellows and\nD\ndeception\ndecision-making\nBlues and\nReds and\nYellows and\nDeGeneres, Ellen\ndetails\nBlues and\nReds and\nYellows and\ndiligence, Reds and\nDISA (Dominance, Inducement, Submission, Analytic ability) system\nlanguage of\noverview of\nstatistics on use of\ndisorganization, Yellows and\ndominance.", "chunk_index": 488, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 740, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_489", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See also DISA\nE\nearly adopters\nearth\nefficiency, Reds and\negocentrism, Yellows and\negotism\nReds and\nYellows and\nEinstein, Albert\nelements\nElisabeth, feedback from\nemails\nemotional intelligence (EI)\nemotional quotient (EQ)\nEmotions of Normal People (Marston)\nempathy, Yellows and\nenergy\nReds and\nYellows and\nengagement, Greens and\nenthusiasm, Reds and\nexcitement, Yellows and\nexclusion, Reds and\nexcuses, Blues and\nF\nface, body language and\nfear, Greens and\nfeedback.", "chunk_index": 489, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 466, "length_words": 68 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_490", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See also Criticism\nBlues and\ndelivery of\nfrom Elisabeth\nGreens and\nfrom Håkan\nfrom Helena\nimmunity to\nReds and\nfrom Stefan\nYellows and\nfeelings, Blues and\nfire\nflattery, Yellows and\nfocus, Yellows and\nfraud\nfriendship\nGreens and\nYellows and\nG\nGandhi, Mahatma\nGates, Bill\ngaze, body language and\nGellberg, Sune\ngenetic factors\nGreeks\nGreens\nadapting to\nbehavior when meeting\nbody language of\nchange and\ncollective good and\ncombining with other colors\ncommitment and\ncommunication and\nconflict and\ncriticism and\ndescription of\nengagement and\nfear and\nfriendship and\ngiving feedback to\nhelping with stress\nas introverts\nkindness and\nleadership and\nlistening and\nloose ends and\nmistakes and\noverview of\npassivity and\nperception of by others\nperception of by self\npredictability and\nrelationships and\nreliability and\nrepetition and\nresponsibility and\nroutine and\nsecurity and\nspeed and\nspotlight and\nstability and\nstress factors for\nstress responses of\nteamwork and\nteamwork example and\ntemperament of\nthoughtfulness and\ntolerance and\nunknown and\ngroup dynamics, overview of\ngut feelings\nBlues and\nYellows and\nH\nHåkan, feedback from\nhands, body language and\nhandshakes\nhead, body language and\nHelena, feedback from\nHippocrates\nhonesty, Reds and\nhumiliation, Yellows and\nhumoral pathology\nI\nimpatience, Reds and\ninitiative, Reds and\ninspiration.", "chunk_index": 490, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 1339, "length_words": 200 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_491", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See also DISA\nintellectual elasticity\nintroverts\nBlues as\nGreens as\nintuition\nBlues and\nYellows and\ninvisibility, Yellows and\nisolation, Yellows and\nJ\nJobs, Steve\nJung, Carl\nK\nkindness, Greens and\nL\nlanguage. See also Body language\nlearning\nleadership, Greens and\nlearning\noverview of\nquiz for assessment of\nlethargy, Blues and\nLevit, Edouard\nliars\nlie detectors\nlimitations, Reds and\nlistening\nBlues and\ncommunication and\nGreens and\nYellows and\nlogic, Blues and\nloose ends, Greens and\nM\nMarston, William Moulton\nmartyr complex\nmistakes\nBlues and\nGreens and\nReds and\nmodesty, Blues and\nmucus\nN\nnegative feedback.", "chunk_index": 491, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 612, "length_words": 94 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_492", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See Feedback\nnormal behavior, overview of\nO\nObama, Barack\nObama, Michelle\nO’Connor, Sandra Day\nopinions, Reds and\noptimism\nReds and\nYellows and\norganization, Yellows and\nP\npassivity\nGreens and\nMarston’s model and\nperception\nof Blues by others\nof Blues by self\nof Greens by others\nof Greens by self\nof Reds by others\nof Reds by self\nof self by others\nof Yellows by others\nof Yellows by self\nperfect world\npersonal space, body language and\npersonal zone\npersonality, behavior and\npersuasion, Yellows and\npessimism\nblack bile and\nBlues and\nphlegm\nphlegmatic behavior\npigeonholing\npigheadedness\npopularity, Yellows and\nposture, body language and\npower, Reds and\npredictability\nGreens and\nReds and\nYellows and\npreparation, Blues and\npublic speaking, Yellows and\nQ\nquality, Blues and\nquiz, for assessment of learning\nR\nrealism\nBlues and\nReds and\nReds\nadapting to\naggression and\nambition and\nanger and\nbehaving when meeting\nbody language of\nbullying and\nchange and\ncombining with other colors\ncompetition and\nconflict and\ncontrol and\ncooperation and\ncriticism and\ndecision-making and\ndescription of\ndetails and\ndiligence and\nefficiency and\negotism and\nenergy and\nenthusiasm and\nexclusion and\ngiving feedback to\nhelping with stress\nhonesty and\nimpatience and\ninitiative and\nlack of limitations and\nlimitations and\nmistakes and\nopinions and\noptimism and\noverview of\nperception of by others\nperception of by self\npower and\nrealism and\nrepetition and\nrespect and\nrisks and\nroutine and\nrules and\nscapegoats and\nspeed and\nstress factors for\nstress responses of\nstrong opinions and\nteamwork example and\ntemperament of\nwinning and\nrelationships\nGreens and\nYellows and\nreliability, Greens and\nrepetition\nfeedback and\nGreens and\nReds and\nrespect, Reds and\nresponsibility, Greens and\nrhetoric, Yellows and\nRice, Condoleezza\nrisks\nBlues and\nReds and\nRogers, Fred\nRoosevelt, Franklin D.\nroutine\nGreens and\nReds and\nYellows and\nrules\nBlues and\nReds and\nS\nsandwich method\nsanguine behavior\nscapegoats, Reds and\nsecurity, Greens and\nself-centeredness, Yellows and\nsilence, Blues and\nsilent resistance\nskepticism, Yellows and\nslog or split phenomenon\nsocial zone\nspeed\nBlues and\nGreens and\nReds and\nYellows and\nspontaneity\nBlues and\nYellows and\nspotlight, Greens and\nstability\nDISA and\nGreens and\nStefan, feedback from\nstress factors\nfor Blues\nBlues’ responses to\ndifferent responses to\nfor Greens\nGreens’ responses to\nhelping Blues with\nhelping Greens with\nhelping Reds with\nhelping Yellows with\noverview of\nfor Reds\nReds’ responses to\nfor Yellows\nYellows’ responses to\nstructure, Yellows and\nsubmission.", "chunk_index": 492, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 2581, "length_words": 397 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_493", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See also DISA\noverview of\nsurprises, Blues and\nsurrounding factors, behavior and\nT\ntalking, Yellows and\nteamwork. See also Combinations\nexample from everyday life\nGreens and\ntemperament.", "chunk_index": 493, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 186, "length_words": 27 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_494", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "See also Anger\nof Blues\nof Greens\noverview of\nof Reds\nof Yellows\nTeresa (Mother)\nterritory, body language and\nThatcher, Margaret\nthoughtfulness, Greens and\ntime management, Yellows and\ntolerance, Greens and\ntrouble-shooting, Yellows and\ntrust, Blues and\nTTI Success Insights\nU\nunknown, Greens and\nUtopia\nV\nvalues, core\nW\nwater\nWilliams, Robin\nWilliams, Venus\nWinfrey, Oprah\nwinning, Reds and\nwritten communication\nY\nyellow bile\nYellows\nadapting to\napproachability and\nbehaving when meeting\nbody language of\nboredom and\nclutter and\ncombining with other colors\ncommunication and\nconflict and\ncreativity and\ncriticism and\ncuriosity and\ndecision-making and\ndescription of\ndetails and\ndisorganization and\negocentrism and\negotism and\nempathy and\nenergy and\nexcitement and\nflattery and\nfocus and\nfriendship and\ngiving feedback to\nhelping with stress\nhumiliation and\nintuition and\ninvisibility and\nisolation and\nlack of focus and\nlistening and\noptimism, enthusiasm and\noptimism and\norganization and\noverview of\nperception of by others\nperception of by self\npersuasion and\npopularity and\npublic speaking and\nrelationships and\nrhetoric and\nroutine and\nself-centeredness and\nskepticism and\nspeed and\nspontaneity and\nstress factors for\nstress responses of\nstructure and\ntalking and\nteamwork example and\ntemperament of\nthinking outside the box and\ntime management and\ntrouble-shooting and\nAbout the Author\nTHOMAS ERIKSON is an expert on communication.", "chunk_index": 494, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 1438, "length_words": 210 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_495", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "He works with\ndeveloping organizations from a leadership perspective. In the past\neighteen years he has trained more than five thousand executives to\nbe better and more efficient leaders. Thomas has written several\npopular science books on communication and human behavior.\nSurrounded by Idiots is one of Sweden’s bestselling nonfiction\nbooks, with hundreds of thousands of copies sold in Sweden alone.\nThe book has been sold in more than thirty-five other languages\naround the world. You can sign up for email updates here..", "chunk_index": 495, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 525, "length_words": 83 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_496", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Thank you for buying this\nSt. Martin's Press ebook.\n \nTo receive special offers, bonus content,\nand info on new releases and other great reads,\nsign up for our newsletters.\n \nOr visit us online at\nus.macmillan.com/newslettersignup\n \nFor email updates on the author, click here.\n \nFirst published in the United States by St. Martin’s Essentials, an imprint of St. Martin’s\nPublishing Group\nSURROUNDED BY IDIOTS. Copyright © 2019 by Thomas Erikson. Foreword copyright © 2019\nby David Bonnstetter. All rights reserved. For information, address St.", "chunk_index": 496, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 544, "length_words": 83 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_497", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Martin’s Publishing\nGroup, 120 Broadway, New York, NY 10271.\nTranslated by Martin Pender and Rod Bradbury\nwww.stmartins.com\nCover design by Pete Garceau\nThe Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available upon request.\nISBN 978-1-250-17994-4 (hardcover)\nISBN 978-1-250-25517-4 (international, sold outside the U.S., subject to rights availability)\nISBN 978-1-250-17995-1 (ebook)\neISBN 9781250179951\nOur ebooks may be purchased in bulk for promotional, educational, or business use. Please\ncontact the Macmillan Corporate and Premium Sales Department at 1-800-221-7945,\nextension 5442, or by email at MacmillanSpecialMarkets@macmillan.com.\nFirst published in Sweden as Omgiven av idioter by HOI\nFirst published in the United States by St. Martin’s Essentials\nFirst U.S. Edition: July 2019\nContents\nTitle Page\nCopyright Notice\nForeword by David Bonnstetter\nIntroduction: The Man Who Was Surrounded by Idiots\n 1. Communication Happens on the Listener’s Terms\n 2.", "chunk_index": 497, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 975, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_498", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "Why Are We the Way We Are?\n 3. An Introduction to the System\n 4. Red Behavior: How to Recognize a Real Alpha and Avoid\nGetting in His Way\n 5. Yellow Behavior: How to Recognize Someone Whose Head Is in\nthe Clouds and Get Him Back to Reality Again\n 6. Green Behavior: Why Change Is So Difficult and How to Get\nAround It\n 7. Blue Behavior: In Pursuit of Perfection\n 8. No One Is Completely Perfect: Strengths and Weaknesses\n 9. Learning New Things: How to Use What You’ve Learned\n10. Body Language: Why How You Move Matters: How Do You\nReally Look?\n11. A Real-Life Example: The Company Party—How to\nUnderstand Everyone You Meet\n12. Adaptation: How to Handle Idiots (i.e., Everyone Who Isn’t like\nYou)\n13. How to Deliver Really Bad News: The Challenge of Speaking\nYour Mind\n14. Who Gets Along and Why It Works: Group Dynamics at Their\nFinest\n15. Written Communication: How to Evaluate Someone When You\nCan’t Meet in Person\n16.", "chunk_index": 498, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 922, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "surrounded by idiots_chunk_499", "book": "surrounded by idiots", "content": "What Makes Us as Mad as Hell?: Temperament Can Reveal\nEverything About a Person\n17. Stress Factors and Energy Thieves: What Is Stress?\n18. A Short Reflection Through History: People Have Always\nBeen like This\n19. Voices from Real Life\n20. A Quick Little Quiz to See What You’ve Learned\n21. A Final Example from Everyday Life: Perhaps the Most\nEnlightening Team Project in the History of the World\nThe Answers to the Questions in Chapter 20\nFurther Reading\nIndex\nAbout the Author\nCopyright.", "chunk_index": 499, "total_chunks": 500, "metadata": { "source": "surrounded by idiots_clean.txt", "book_title": "Surrounded By Idiots", "length_chars": 489, "length_words": 84 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_0", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Together: The Science ofTogether: The Science of\nSocial PsychologySocial Psychology\nNOBA", "chunk_index": 0, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 88, "length_words": 11 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_1", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Copyright\nCopyright © 2024 by Diener Education Fund. This material is licensed under the Creative\nCommons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. To view a copy\nof this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en_US.\nThe Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. The inclusion\nof a Website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or the Diener Education Fund,\nand the Diener Education Fund does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented\nat these sites.\nContact Information:\nNoba Project\nwww.nobaproject.com\ninfo@nobaproject.com\nContents\nAbout Noba & Acknowledgements 5\nSocial Psychology as a Science 6\n1 An Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 7\nRobert Biswas-Diener\n2 Research Methods in Social Psychology 27\nRajiv Jhangiani\n3 Statistical Thinking 49\nBeth Chance & Allan Rossman\n4 Conducting Psychology Research in the Real World 65\nMatthias R.", "chunk_index": 1, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 970, "length_words": 137 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_2", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Mehl\n5 Social Neuroscience 83\nTiffany A. Ito & Jennifer T. Kubota\nUnderstanding the Self and Others 101\n6 Self and Identity 102\nDan P . McAdams\n7 Social Cognition and Attitudes 121\nYanine D. Hess & Cynthia L. Pickett\n8 Theory of Mind 142\nBertram Malle\n9 Evolutionary Theories in Psychology 161\nDavid M. Buss\nGroups and Group Processes 176\n10 The Psychology of Groups 177\nDonelson R. Forsyth\n11 The Family 202\nJoel A. Muraco\n12 Culture 228\nRobert Biswas-Diener & Neil Thin\n13 Social Comparison 246\nStephen Garcia & Arnor Halldorsson\nEmotions 263\n14 Functions of Emotions 264\nHyisung Hwang & David Matsumoto\n15 Culture and Emotion 279\nJeanne Tsai\nSocial Influence 302\n16 Conformity and Obedience 303\nJerry M. Burger\n17 Persuasion: So Easily Fooled 317\nRobert V. Levine\nConflict 338\n18 Prejudice, Discrimination, and Stereotyping 339\nSusan T. Fiske\n19 Aggression and Violence 355\nBrad J. Bushman\nPositive Relationships 371\n20 Helping and Prosocial Behavior 372\nDennis L. Poepsel & David A.", "chunk_index": 2, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 990, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_3", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Schroeder\n21 Cooperation 389\nJake P . Moskowitz & Paul K. Piff\n22 Attraction and Beauty 410\nRobert G. Franklin & Leslie Zebrowitz\n23 Positive Relationships 429\nNathaniel M. Lambert\n24 Love, Friendship, and Social Support 441\nDebi Brannan & Cynthia D. Mohr\n25 Attachment Through the Life Course 458\nR. Chris Fraley\n26 Relationships and Well-being 474\nKenneth Tan & Louis Tay\nIndustrial/Organizational Psychology 493\n27 Industrial/Organizational (I/O) Psychology 494\nBerrin Erdogan & Talya N. Bauer\nIndex 508\nAbout Noba\nThe Diener Education Fund (DEF) is a non-profit organization founded with the mission of re-\ninventing higher education to serve the changing needs of students and professors. The initial\nfocus of the DEF is on making information, especially of the type found in textbooks, widely\navailable to people of all backgrounds.", "chunk_index": 3, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 838, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_4", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "This mission is embodied in the Noba project.\nNoba is an open and free online platform that provides high-quality, flexibly structured\ntextbooks and educational materials. The goals of Noba are three-fold:\n• To reduce financial burden on students by providing access to free educational content\n• To provide instructors with a platform to customize educational content to better suit their\ncurriculum\n• To present material written by a collection of experts and authorities in the field\nThe Diener Education Fund was co-founded by Drs. Ed and Carol Diener. Ed was a professor\nemeritus at the University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, and a professor at University of\nVirginia and the University of Utah, and a senior scientist at the Gallup Organization but passed\naway in April 2021. For more information, please see http://noba.to/78vdj2x5. Carol Diener\nis the former director of the Mental Health Worker and the Juvenile Justice Programs at the\nUniversity of Illinois.", "chunk_index": 4, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 971, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_5", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Both Ed and Carol are award- winning university teachers.\nAcknowledgements\nThe Diener Education Fund would like to acknowledge the following individuals and companies\nfor their contribution to the Noba Project: Robert Biswas-Diener as Managing Editor, Peter\nLindberg as the former Operations Manager, and Nadezhda Lyubchik as the current\nOperations Manager; The Other Firm for user experience design and web development;\nSockeye Creative for their work on brand and identity development; Arthur Mount for\nillustrations; Chad Hurst for photography; EEI Communications for manuscript proofreading;\nMarissa Diener, Shigehiro Oishi, Daniel Simons, Robert Levine, Lorin Lachs and Thomas Sander\nfor their feedback and suggestions in the early stages of the project.\nSocial Psychology as a Science\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social\nPsychology\nRobert Biswas-Diener\nThe science of social psychology investigates the ways other people affect our thoughts,\nfeelings, and behaviors.", "chunk_index": 5, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_6", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "It is an exciting field of study because it is so familiar and relevant to\nour day-to-day lives. Social psychologists study a wide range of topics that can roughly be\ngrouped into 5 categories: attraction, attitudes, peace & conflict, social influence, and social\ncognition.\nLearning Objectives\n• Define social psychology and understand how it is different from other areas of psychology.\n• Understand “levels of analysis” and why this concept is important to science.\n• List at least three major areas of study in social psychology.\n• Define the “need to belong”.\nIntroduction\nWe live in a world where, increasingly, people of all backgrounds have smart phones. In\neconomically developing societies, cellular towers are often less expensive to install than\ntraditional landlines. In many households in industrialized societies, each person has his or\nher own mobile phone instead of using a shared home phone.", "chunk_index": 6, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 910, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_7", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "As this technology becomes\nincreasingly common, curious researchers have wondered what effect phones might have on\nrelationships. Do you believe that smart phones help foster closer relationships? Or do you\nbelieve that smart phones can hinder connections? In a series of studies, researchers have\ndiscovered that the mere presence of a mobile phone lying on a table can interfere with\nrelationships. In studies of conversations between both strangers and close friends—\nconversations occurring in research laboratories and in coffee shops—mobile phones\nappeared to distract people from connecting with one another. The participants in these\nstudies reported lower conversation quality, lower trust, and lower levels of empathy for the\nother person (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013). This is not to discount the usefulness of mobile\nphones, of course. It is merely a reminder that they are better used in some situations than\nthey are in others.", "chunk_index": 7, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 942, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_8", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "It is also a real-world example of how social psychology can help produce\ninsights about the ways we understand and interact with one another.\nSocial psychology is the branch of\npsychological science mainly concerned\nwith understanding how the presence of\nothers affects our thoughts, feelings, and\nbehaviors. Just as clinical psychology\nfocuses on mental disorders and their\ntreatment, and developmental psychology\ninvestigates the way people change across\ntheir lifespan, social psychology has its\nown focus. As the name suggests, this\nscience is all about investigating the ways\ngroups function, the costs and benefits of\nsocial status, the influences of culture, and\nall the other psychological processes\ninvolving two or more people.\nSocial psychology is such an exciting\nscience precisely because it tackles issues\nthat are so familiar and so relevant to our\neveryday life. Humans are “social animals.”\nLike bees and deer, we live together in\ngroups.", "chunk_index": 8, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 957, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_9", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Unlike those animals, however, people are unique, in that we care a great deal about\nour relationships. In fact, a classic study of life stress found that the most stressful events in\na person’s life—the death of a spouse, divorce, and going to jail—are so painful because they\nentail the loss of relationships ( Holmes & Rahe, 1967 ). We spend a huge amount of time\nthinking about and interacting with other people, and researchers are interested in\nunderstanding these thoughts and actions. Giving up a seat on the bus for another person is\nSocial psychology is interested in how other people affect our\nthoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Researchers study group\ninteractions, the way culture shapes our thinking, and even how\ntechnology impacts human relationships. [Image: Matthew G,\nhttps://goo.gl/En2JSi, CC BY 2.0, https://goo.gl/BRvSA7]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 7\nan example of social psychology.", "chunk_index": 9, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 931, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_10", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "So is disliking a person because he is wearing a shirt with\nthe logo of a rival sports team. Flirting, conforming, arguing, trusting, competing—these are\nall examples of topics that interest social psychology researchers.\nAt times, science can seem abstract and far removed from the concerns of daily life. When\nneuroscientists discuss the workings of the anterior cingulate cortex, for example, it might\nsound important. But the specific parts of the brain and their functions do not always seem\ndirectly connected to the stuff you care about: parking tickets, holding hands, or getting a job.\nSocial psychology feels so close to home because it often deals with universal psychological\nprocesses to which people can easily relate. For example, people have a powerful need to\nbelong (Baumeister & Leary, 1995).", "chunk_index": 10, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 811, "length_words": 129 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_11", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "It doesn’t matter if a person is from Israel, Mexico, or the\nPhilippines; we all have a strong need to make friends, start families, and spend time together.\nWe fulfill this need by doing things such as joining teams and clubs, wearing clothing that\nrepresents “our group,” and identifying ourselves based on national or religious affiliation. It\nfeels good to belong to a group. Research supports this idea. In a study of the most and least\nhappy people, the differentiating factor was not gender, income, or religion; it was having\nhigh-quality relationships ( Diener & Seligman, 2002 ). Even introverts report being happier\nwhen they are in social situations (Pavot, Diener & Fujita, 1990).", "chunk_index": 11, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 693, "length_words": 114 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_12", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Further evidence can be found\nby looking at the negative psychological experiences of people who do not feel they belong.\nPeople who feel lonely or isolated are more vulnerable to depression and problems with\nphysical health (Cacioppo, & Patrick, 2008).\nThe feelings we experience as members of groups – as teammates, fellow citizens, followers of\na particular faith - play a huge role in our identities and in our happiness. [Image: leonardo\nsamrani, https://goo.gl/jHVWXR, CC BY 2.0, https://goo.gl/BRvSA7]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 8\nSocial Psychology is a Science\nThe need to belong is also a useful example of the ways the various aspects of psychology fit\ntogether. Psychology is a science that can be sub-divided into specialties such as “abnormal\npsychology” (the study of mental illness) or “developmental psychology” (the study of how\npeople develop across the life span).", "chunk_index": 12, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 908, "length_words": 143 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_13", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "In daily life, however, we don’t stop and examine our\nthoughts or behaviors as being distinctly social versus developmental versus personality-\nbased versus clinical. In daily life, these all blend together. For example, the need to belong\nis rooted in developmental psychology. Developmental psychologists have long paid attention\nto the importance of attaching to a caregiver, feeling safe and supported during childhood,\nand the tendency to conform to peer pressure during adolescence. Similarly, clinical\npsychologists—those who research mental disorders-- have pointed to people feeling a lack\nof belonging to help explain loneliness, depression, and other psychological pains. In practice,\npsychologists separate concepts into categories such as “clinical,” “developmental,” and\n“social” only out of scientific necessity. It is easier to simplify thoughts, feelings, and behaviors\nin order to study them. Each psychological sub-\ndiscipline has its own unique approaches to\nresearch.", "chunk_index": 13, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 988, "length_words": 140 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_14", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "You may have noticed that this is\nalmost always how psychology is taught, as well.\nYou take a course in personality, another in\nhuman sexuality, and a third in gender studies,\nas if these topics are unrelated. In day-to-day life,\nhowever, these distinctions do not actually exist,\nand there is heavy overlap between the various\nareas of psychology.\nIn psychology, there are varying levels of\nanalysis. Figure 1 summarizes the different\nlevels at which scientists might understand a\nsingle event. Take the example of a toddler\nwatching her mother make a phone call: the\ntoddler is curious, and is using observational\nlearning to teach herself about this machine\ncalled a telephone. At the most specific levels of\nanalysis, we might understand that various\nneurochemical processes are occurring in the\ntoddler’s brain.", "chunk_index": 14, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 816, "length_words": 131 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_15", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "We might be able to use imaging\ntechniques to see that the cerebellum, among\n Figure 1 – The levels of analysis in psychology.\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 9\nother parts of the brain, is activated with electrical energy. If we could “pull back” our scientific\nlens, we might also be able to gain insight into the toddler’s own experience of the phone call.\nShe might be confused, interested, or jealous. Moving up to the next level of analysis, we\nmight notice a change in the toddler’s behavior: during the call she furrows her brow, squints\nher eyes, and stares at her mother and the phone. She might even reach out and grab at the\nphone. At still another level of analysis, we could see the ways that her relationships enter\ninto the equation. We might observe, for instance, that the toddler frowns and grabs at the\nphone when her mother uses it, but plays happily and ignores it when her stepbrother makes\na call.", "chunk_index": 15, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 941, "length_words": 168 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_16", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "All of these chemical, emotional, behavioral, and social processes occur simultaneously.\nNone of them is the objective truth. Instead, each offers clues into better understanding what,\npsychologically speaking, is happening.\nSocial psychologists attend to all levels of analysis but—historically—this branch of psychology\nhas emphasized the higher levels of analysis. Researchers in this field are drawn to questions\nrelated to relationships, groups, and culture. This means that they frame their research\nhypotheses in these terms. Imagine for a moment that you are a social researcher. In your\ndaily life, you notice that older men on average seem to talk about their feelings less than do\nyounger men. You might want to explore\nyour hypothesis by recording natural\nconversations between males of different\nages. This would allow you to see if there\nwas evidence supporting your original\nobservation.", "chunk_index": 16, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 902, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_17", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "It would also allow you to\nbegin to sift through all the factors that\nmight influence this phenomenon: What\nhappens when an older man talks to a\nyounger man? What happens when an\nolder man talks to a stranger versus his\nbest friend? What happens when two\nhighly educated men interact versus two\nworking class men? Exploring each of these\nquestions focuses on interactions, behavior,\nand culture rather than on perceptions,\nhormones, or DNA.\nIn part, this focus on complex relationships\nand interactions is one of the things that\nmakes research in social psychology so\ndifficult. High quality research often\nSocial psychologists have developed unique methods for\nstudying attitudes and behaviors that help answer questions\nthat may not be possible to answer in a laboratory. Naturalistic\nobservation of real world interactions, for example, would be a\nmethod well suited for understanding more about men and how\nthey share their feelings.", "chunk_index": 17, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 937, "length_words": 150 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_18", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "[Image: Michael Coghlan, https://goo.\ngl/dGc3JV, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://goo.gl/rxiUsF]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 10\ninvolves the ability to control the environment, as in the case of laboratory experiments. The\nresearch laboratory, however, is artificial, and what happens there may not translate to the\nmore natural circumstances of life. This is why social psychologists have developed their own\nset of unique methods for studying attitudes and social behavior. For example, they use\nnaturalistic observation to see how people behave when they don’t know they are being\nwatched.", "chunk_index": 18, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 605, "length_words": 90 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_19", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Whereas people in the laboratory might report that they personally hold no racist\nviews or opinions (biases most people wouldn’t readily admit to), if you were to observe how\nclose they sat next to people of other ethnicities while riding the bus, you might discover a\nbehavioral clue to their actual attitudes and preferences.\nWhat is Included in Social Psychology?\nSocial psychology is the study of group processes: how we behave in groups, and how we feel\nand think about one another. While it is difficult to summarize the many areas of social\npsychology research, it can be helpful to lump them into major categories as a starting point\nto wrap our minds around. There is, in reality, no specific number of definitive categories, but\nfor the purpose of illustration, let’s use five. Most social psychology research topics fall into\none (but sometimes more) of each of these areas:\nAttraction \nA large amount of study in social psychology has focused on the process of attraction.", "chunk_index": 19, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 984, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_20", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Think\nabout a young adult going off to college for the first time. He takes an art history course and\nsits next to a young woman he finds attractive. This feeling raises several interesting questions:\nWhere does the attraction come from? Is it biological or learned? Why do his standards for\nbeauty differ somewhat from those of his best friend? The study of attraction covers a huge\nrange of topics. It can begin with first impressions, then extend to courtship and commitment.\nIt involves the concepts of beauty, sex, and evolution. Attraction researchers might study\nstalking behavior. They might research divorce or remarriage. They might study changing\nstandards of beauty across decades.\nIn a series of studies focusing on the topic of attraction, researchers were curious how people\nmake judgments of the extent to which the faces of their friends and of strangers are good\nlooking (Wirtz, Biswas-Diener, Diener & Drogos, 2011).", "chunk_index": 20, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 935, "length_words": 152 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_21", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "To do this, the researchers showed a\nset of photographs of faces of young men and women to several assistants who were blind\nto the research hypothesis. Some of the people in the photos were Caucasian, some were\nAfrican-American, and some were Maasai, a tribe of traditional people from Kenya. The\nassistants were asked to rate the various facial features in the photos, including skin\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 11\nsmoothness, eye size, prominence of\ncheekbones, symmetry (how similar the\nleft and the right halves of the face are),\nand other characteristics. The photos were\nthen shown to the research participants—\nof the same three ethnicities as the people\nin the photos—who were asked to rate the\nfaces for overall attractiveness. Interestingly,\nwhen rating the faces of strangers, White\npeople, Maasai, and African-Americans\nwere in general agreement about which\nfaces were better looking.", "chunk_index": 21, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 921, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_22", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Not only that,\nbut there was high consistency in which\nspecific facial features were associated\nwith being good looking. For instance,\nacross ethnicities and cultures, everyone\nseemed to find smooth skin more\nattractive than blemished skin. Everyone\nseemed to also agree that larger chins made men more attractive, but not women.\nThen came an interesting discovery. The researchers found that Maasai tribal people agreed\nabout the faces of strangers—but not about the faces of people they knew! Two people might\nlook at the same photo of someone they knew; one would give a thumbs up for attractiveness,\nthe other one, not so much. It appeared that friends were using some other standard of beauty\nthan simply nose, eyes, skin, and other facial features. To explore this further, the researchers\nconducted a second study in the United States. They brought university students into their\nlaboratory in pairs. Each pair were friends; some were same-sex friends and some were\nopposite-sex friends.", "chunk_index": 22, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 994, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_23", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "They had their photographs taken and were then asked to privately rate\neach other’s attractiveness, along with photos of other participants whom they did not know\n(strangers). Friends were also asked to rate each other on personality traits, including\n“admirable,” “generous,” “likable,” “outgoing,” “sensitive,” and “warm.”\nIn doing this, the researchers discovered two things. First, they found the exact same pattern\nas in the earlier study: when the university students rated strangers, they focused on actual\nfacial features, such as skin smoothness and large eyes, to make their judgments (whether\nor not they realized it). But when it came to the hotness-factor of their friends, these features\nappeared not to be very important. Suddenly, likable personality characteristics were a better\npredictor of who was considered good looking. This makes sense. Attractiveness is, in part,\nan evolutionary and biological process.", "chunk_index": 23, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 928, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_24", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Certain features such as smooth skin are signals of\nWhen a study of attractiveness was conducted with Maasai tribal\npeople the researchers found that when participants rated the\nattractiveness of their friends they used different criteria than\nwhen they rated the attractiveness of strangers – a pattern that\nwas also discovered in a sample of people from the United States.\n[Image: DFID, https://goo.gl/5FfSjt, CC BY 2.0, https://goo.gl/\nBRvSA7]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 12\nhealth and reproductive fitness—something especially important when scoping out strangers.\nOnce we know a person, however, it is possible to swap those biological criteria for\npsychological ones. People tend to be attracted not just to muscles and symmetrical faces\nbut also to kindness and generosity.", "chunk_index": 24, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 804, "length_words": 122 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_25", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "As more information about a person’s personality\nbecomes available, it becomes the most important aspect of a person’s attractiveness.\nUnderstanding how attraction works is more than an intellectual exercise; it can also lead to\nbetter interventions. Insights from studies on attraction can find their way into public policy\nconversations, couples therapy, and sex education programs.\nAttitudes\nSocial psychology shares with its\nintellectual cousins sociology and political\nscience an interest in attitudes. Attitudes\nare opinions, feelings, and beliefs about a\nperson, concept, or group. People hold\nattitudes about all types of things: the\nfilms they see, political issues, and what\nconstitutes a good date. Social psychology\nresearchers are interested in what\nattitudes people hold, where these\nattitudes come from, and how they\nchange over time.", "chunk_index": 25, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 849, "length_words": 124 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_26", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Researchers are\nespecially interested in social attitudes\npeople hold about categories of people,\nsuch as the elderly, military veterans, or\npeople with mental disabilities. \nAmong the most studied topics in attitude\nresearch are stereotyping and prejudice.\nAlthough people often use these words\ninterchangeably, they are actually different\nconcepts. Stereotyping is a way of using\ninformation shortcuts about a group to effectively navigate social situations or make decisions.\nFor instance, you might hold a stereotype that elderly people are physically slower and frailer\nthan twenty-year-olds. If so, you are more likely to treat interactions with the elderly in a\ndifferent manner than interactions with younger people. Although you might delight in\nSocial psychologists are interested in finding ways to apply their\nresearch to improve the lives of individuals and benefit\ncommunities and society as a whole.", "chunk_index": 26, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 914, "length_words": 135 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_27", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "For example researchers are\nlooking at ways to change the general public’s attitudes about\nstigmatized groups such as the homeless. [Image: Sascha\nKohlmann, http://goo.gl/L436hN, CC BY-SA 2.0, https://goo.gl/\nrxiUsF]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 13\njumping on your friend’s back, punching a buddy in the arm, or jumping out and scaring a\nfriend you probably do not engage in these behaviors with the elderly. Stereotypical\ninformation may or may not be correct. Also, stereotypical information may be positive or\nnegative. Regardless of accuracy, all people use stereotypes, because they are efficient and\ninescapable ways to deal with huge amounts of social information. It is important to keep in\nmind, however, that stereotypes, even if they are correct in general, likely do not apply to\nevery member of the group.", "chunk_index": 27, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 841, "length_words": 132 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_28", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "As a result, it can seem unfair to judge an individual based on\nperceived group norms.\nPrejudice, on the other hand, refers to how a person feels about an individual based on their\ngroup membership. For example, someone with a prejudice against tattoos may feel\nuncomfortable sitting on the metro next to a young man with multiple, visible tattoos. In this\ncase, the person is pre-judging the man with tattoos based on group members (people with\ntattoos) rather than getting to know the man as an individual. Like stereotypes, prejudice can\nbe positive or negative.\nDiscrimination occurs when a person is biased against an individual, simply because of the\nindividual’s membership in a social category. For instance, if you were to learn that a person\nhas gone to rehabilitation for alcohol treatment, it might be unfair to treat him or her as\nuntrustworthy. You might hold a stereotype that people who have been involved with drugs\nare untrustworthy or that they have an arrest record.", "chunk_index": 28, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 986, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_29", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Discrimination would come when you\nact on that stereotype by, for example, refusing to hire the person for a job for which they are\notherwise qualified. Understanding the psychological mechanisms of problems like prejudice\ncan be the first step in solving them.\nSocial psychology focuses on basic processes, but also on applications. That is, researchers\nare interested in ways to make the world a better place, so they look for ways to put their\ndiscoveries into constructive practice. This can be clearly seen in studies on attitude change.\nIn such experiments, researchers are interested in how people can overcome negative\nattitudes and feel more empathy towards members of other groups. Take, for example, a\nstudy by Daniel Batson and his colleagues (1997) on attitudes about people from stigmatized\ngroups. In particular, the researchers were curious how college students in their study felt\nabout homeless people.", "chunk_index": 29, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 920, "length_words": 145 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_30", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "They had students listen to a recording of a fictitious homeless man\n—Harold Mitchell—describing his life. Half of the participants were told to be objective and\nfair in their consideration of his story. The other half were instructed to try to see life through\nHarold’s eyes and imagine how he felt. After the recording finished, the participants rated\ntheir attitudes toward homeless people in general. They addressed attitudes such as “Most\nhomeless people could get a job if they wanted to,” or “Most homeless people choose to live\nthat way.” It turns out that when people are instructed to have empathy—to try to see the\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 14\nworld through another person’s eyes—it gives them not only more empathy for that individual,\nbut also for the group as a whole. In the Batson et al.", "chunk_index": 30, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 829, "length_words": 141 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_31", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "experiment ( 1997), the high empathy\nparticipants reported a favorable rating of homeless people than did those participants in the\nlow empathy condition.\nStudies like these are important because they reveal practical possibilities for creating a more\npositive society. In this case, the results tell us that it is possible for people to change their\nattitudes and look more favorably on people they might otherwise avoid or be prejudiced\nagainst. In fact, it appears that it takes relatively little—simply the effort to see another’s point\nof view—to nudge people toward being a bit kinder and more generous toward one another.\nIn a world where religious and political divisions are highly publicized, this type of research\nmight be an important step toward working together.\nPeace & Conflict\nSocial psychologists are also interested in\npeace and conflict. They research conflicts\nranging from the small—such as a spat\nbetween lovers—to the large—such as\nwars between nations.", "chunk_index": 31, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 977, "length_words": 153 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_32", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Researchers are\ninterested in why people fight, how they\nfight, and what the possible costs and\nbenefits of fighting are. In particular, social\npsychologists are interested in the mental\nprocesses associated with conflict and\nreconciliation. They want to understand\nhow emotions, thoughts, and sense of\nidentity play into conflicts, as well as\nmaking up afterward. \nTake, for instance, a 1996 study by Dov\nCohen and his colleagues. They were interested in people who come from a “culture of honor”\n—that is, a cultural background that emphasizes personal or family reputation and social\nstatus. Cohen and his colleagues realized that cultural forces influence why people take\noffense and how they behave when others offend them. To investigate how people from a\nculture of honor react to aggression, the Cohen research team invited dozens of university\nstudents into the laboratory, half of whom were from a culture of honor.", "chunk_index": 32, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 925, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_33", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "In their experiment,\nthey had a research confederate “accidentally” bump the research participant as they passed\nWhy do we fight? How do we fight? What factors contribute to\nsuccessful reconciliation? Social psychologists study conflict,\naggression, and violence and their research leads to many real-\nworld applications in areas such as international relations and\nclinical therapy. [Image: David Shankbone, http://goo.gl/r6DWkc,\nCC BY 2.0, https://goo.gl/BRvSA7]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 15\none another in the hallway, then say “asshole” quietly. They discovered that people from the\nNorthern United States were likely to laugh off the incident with amusement (only 35% became\nangry), while 85% of folks from the Southern United States—a culture of honor region—\nbecame angry.\nIn a follow-up study, the researchers were curious as to whether people from cultures of honor\nwould overestimate the likelihood of violent reactions in others (Vandello, Cohen & Ransom,\n2008).", "chunk_index": 33, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 999, "length_words": 148 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_34", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "They presented participants with a description of a scenario in a bar, in which someone\nspilled a beer on another person. The people from honor cultures did not differ from others\nin their personal likelihood of responding aggressively. However, the people from cultures of\nhonor said they would expect their peers—other people from their culture —to act violently\neven though they, themselves, would not. This follow-up study provides insights into the links\nbetween emotions and social behavior. It also sheds light on the ways that people perceive\ncertain groups.\nThis line of research is just a single example of how social psychologists study the forces that\ngive rise to aggression and violence. Just as in the case of attitudes, a better understanding\nof these forces might help researchers, therapists, and policy makers intervene more\neffectively in conflicts.\nSocial Influence\nTake a moment and think about television commercials.", "chunk_index": 34, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 940, "length_words": 147 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_35", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "How influenced do you think you are\nby the ads you see? A very common perception voiced among psychology students is “Other\npeople are influenced by ads, but not me!” To some degree, it is an unsettling thought that\noutside influences might sway us to spend money on, make decisions about, or even feel what\nthey want us to. Nevertheless, none of us can escape social influence. Perhaps, more than\nany other topic, social influence is the heart and soul of social psychology. Our most famous\nstudies deal with the ways that other people affect our behavior; they are studies on\nconformity—being persuaded to give up our own opinions and go along with the group—\nand obedience—following orders or requests from people in authority. \nAmong the most researched topics is persuasion. Persuasion is the act of delivering a\nparticular message so that it influences a person’s behavior in a desired way. Your friends try\nto persuade you to join their group for lunch.", "chunk_index": 35, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 960, "length_words": 163 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_36", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Your parents try to persuade you to go to college\nand to take your studies seriously. Doctors try to persuade you to eat a healthy diet or exercise\nmore often. And, yes, advertisers try to persuade you also. They showcase their products in\na way that makes them seem useful, affordable, reliable, or cool.\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 16\nOne example of persuasion can be seen\nin a very common situation: tipping the\nserving staff at a restaurant. In some\nsocieties, especially in the United States,\ntipping is an important part of dining. As\nyou probably know, servers hope to get a\nlarge tip in exchange for good service. One\ngroup of researchers was curious what\nservers do to coax diners into giving bigger\ntips. Occasionally, for instance, servers\nwrite a personal message of thanks on the\nbill. In a series of studies, the researchers\nwere interested in how gift-giving would\naffect tipping.", "chunk_index": 36, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 919, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_37", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "First, they had two male\nwaiters in New York deliver a piece of foil-\nwrapped chocolate along with the bill at\nthe end of the meal. Half of 66 diners\nreceived the chocolate and the other half\ndid not. When patrons were given the\nunexpected sweet, they tipped, on\naverage, 2% more (Strohmetz, Rind, Fisher\n& Lynn 2002).\nIn a follow-up study, the researchers changed the conditions. In this case, two female servers\nbrought a small basket of assorted chocolates to the table ( Strohmetz et al., 2002 ). In one\nresearch condition, they told diners they could pick two sweets; in a separate research\ncondition, however, they told diners they could pick one sweet, but then—as the diners were\ngetting ready to leave—the waiters returned and offered them a second sweet. In both\nsituations, the diners received the same number of sweets, but in the second condition the\nwaiters appeared to be more generous, as if they were making a personal decision to give an\nadditional little gift.", "chunk_index": 37, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 979, "length_words": 169 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_38", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "In both of these conditions the average amount of tips went up, but tips\nincreased a whopping 21% in the “very generous” condition. The researchers concluded that\ngiving a small gift puts people in the frame of mind to give a little something back, a principle\ncalled reciprocity.\nResearch on persuasion is very useful. Although it is tempting to dismiss it as a mere attempt\nby advertisers to get you to purchase goods and services, persuasion is used for many\npurposes. For example, medical professionals often hope people will donate their organs\nafter they die. Donated organs can be used to train medical students, advance scientific\nMany of our most common everyday-activities – eating in a\nrestaurant for example – involve instances of social influence. We\nmay not even be aware that our behaviors are being guided by\noutside forces of persuasion, but none of us is immune to social\ninfluence.", "chunk_index": 38, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 900, "length_words": 151 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_39", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "[Image: Alan Light, http://goo.gl/ZdxASW, CC BY 2.0,\nhttp://goo.gl/T4qgSp]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 17\ndiscovery, or save other people’s lives through transplantation. For years, doctors and\nresearchers tried to persuade people to donate, but relatively few people did. Then, policy\nmakers offered an organ donation option for people getting their driver’s license, and\ndonations rose. When people received their license, they could tick a box that signed them\nup for the organ donation program. By coupling the decision to donate organs with a more\ncommon event—getting a license—policy makers were able to increase the number of donors.\nThen, they had the further idea of “nudging” people to donate—by making them “opt out”\nrather than “opt in.” Now, people are automatically signed up to donate organs unless they\nmake the effort to check a box indicating they don’t want to. By making organ donation the\ndefault, more people have donated and more lives have been saved.", "chunk_index": 39, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 1000, "length_words": 158 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_40", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "This is a small but\npowerful example of how we can be persuaded to behave certain ways, often without even\nrealizing what is influencing us.\nSocial Cognition\nYou, me, all of us—we spend much of our time thinking about other people. We make guesses\nas to their honesty, their motives, and their opinions. Social cognition is the term for the way\nwe think about the social world and how we perceive others. In some sense, we are continually\ntelling a story in our own minds about the people around us. We struggle to understand why\na date failed to show up, whether we can trust the notes of a fellow student, or if our friends\nare laughing at our jokes because we are funny or if they are just being nice. When we make\neducated guesses about the efforts or\nmotives of others, this is called social\nattribution. We are “attributing” their\nbehavior to a particular cause.", "chunk_index": 40, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 157 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_41", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "For\nexample, we might attribute the failure of\na date to arrive on time to car trouble,\nforgetfulness, or the wrong-headed\npossibility that we are not worthy of being\nloved. \nBecause the information we have\nregarding other people’s motives and\nbehavior is not as complete as our insights\ninto our own, we are likely to make\nunreliable judgments of them. Imagine,\nfor example, that a person on the freeway\nspeeds up behind you, follows dangerously\n”Am I the only one who knows how to drive? The roads are full of\nmaniacs and idiots today!” If you’ve ever had these feelings while\nbehind the wheel you likely have experienced what psychologists\ncall the fundamental attribution error. [Image: seppschanz,\nhttp://goo.gl/eVkDIs, CC BY-NC 2.0, http://goo.gl/iF4hmM]\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 18\nclose, then swerves around and passes you illegally.", "chunk_index": 41, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 868, "length_words": 139 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_42", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "As the driver speeds off into the distance\nyou might think to yourself, “What a jerk!” You are beginning to tell yourself a story about why\nthat person behaved that way. Because you don’t have any information about his or her\nsituation—rushing to the hospital, or escaping a bank robbery?—you default to judgments\nof character: clearly, that driver is impatient, aggressive, and downright rude. If you were to\ndo the exact same thing, however—cut someone off on the freeway—you would be less likely\nto attribute the same behavior to poor character, and more likely to chalk it up to the situation.\n(Perhaps you were momentarily distracted by the radio.) The consistent way we attribute\npeople’s actions to personality traits while overlooking situational influences is called the\nfundamental attribution error.\nThe fundamental attribution error can also emerge in other ways. It can include groups we\nbelong to versus opposing groups. Imagine, for example, that you are a fan of rugby.", "chunk_index": 42, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 985, "length_words": 159 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_43", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Your\nfavorite team is the All Blacks, from New Zealand. In one particular match, you notice how\nunsporting the opposing team is. They appear to pout and seem to commit an unusually high\nnumber of fouls. Their fouling behavior is clearly linked to their character; they are mean\npeople! Yet, when a player from the All Blacks is called for a foul, you may be inclined to see\nthat as a bad call by the referee or a product of the fact that your team is pressured from a\ntough schedule and a number of injuries to their star players. This mental process allows a\nperson to maintain his or her own high self-esteem while dismissing the bad behavior of\nothers.\nConclusion\nPeople are more connected to one another today than at any time in history. For the first\ntime, it is easy to have thousands of acquaintances on social media. It is easier than ever\nbefore to travel and meet people from different cultures.", "chunk_index": 43, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 906, "length_words": 165 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_44", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "Businesses, schools, religious groups,\npolitical parties, and governments interact more than they ever have. For the first time, people\nin greater numbers live clustered in cities than live spread out across rural settings. These\nchanges have psychological consequences. Over the last hundred years, we have seen\ndramatic shifts in political engagement, ethnic relations, and even the very definition of family\nitself.\nSocial psychologists are scientists who are interested in understanding the ways we relate to\none another, and the impact these relationships have on us, individually and collectively. Not\nonly can social psychology research lead to a better understanding of personal relationships,\nbut it can lead to practical solutions for many social ills. Lawmakers, teachers and parents,\ntherapists, and policy makers can all use this science to help develop societies with less conflict\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 19\nand more social support.", "chunk_index": 44, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 975, "length_words": 146 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_45", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "An Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 20\nOutside Resources\nWeb: A collection of links on the topic of peace psychology\nhttps://www.socialpsychology.org/peace.htm\nWeb: A great resource for all things social psychology, all in one place - Social Psychology\nNetwork\nhttp://www.socialpsychology.org/\nWeb: A list of profiles of major historical figures in social psychology\nhttps://www.socialpsychology.org/social-figures.htm\nWeb: A review of the history of social psychology as well as the topics of interest in the field\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_psychology\nWeb: A succinct review of major historical figures in social psychology\nhttp://www.simplypsychology.org/social-psychology.html\nWeb: An article on the definition and areas of influence of peace psychology\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_psychology\nWeb: Article describing another way of conceptualizing levels of analysis in social\npsychology\nhttp://psych.colorado.edu/~oreilly/cecn/node11.html\nWeb: Extended list of major historical figures in social psychology\nhttp://www.sparknotes.com/psychology/psych101/majorfigures/characters.html\nWeb: History and principles of social psychology\nhttps://opentextbc.ca/socialpsychology/chapter/defining-social-psychology-history-and-principles/\nWeb: Links to sources on history of social psychology as well as major historical figures\nhttps://www.socialpsychology.org/history.htm\nWeb: The Society for the Study of Peace, Conflict and Violence\nhttp://www.peacepsych.org/\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 21\nDiscussion Questions\n1.", "chunk_index": 45, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 1571, "length_words": 173 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_46", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "List the types of relationships you have. How do these people affect your behavior? Are\nthere actions you perform or things you do that you might not otherwise if it weren't for\nthem?\n2. When you think about where each person in your psychology class sits, what influences\nthe seat he or she chooses to use? Is it just a matter of personal preference or are there\nother influences at work?\n3. Do you ever try to persuade friends or family members to do something? How do you try\nto persuade them? How do they try to persuade you? Give specific examples. \n4. If you were a social psychologist, what would you want to research? Why? How would you\ngo about it? \nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 22\nVocabulary\nAttitude\nA way of thinking or feeling about a target that is often reflected in a person’s behavior.\nExamples of attitude targets are individuals, concepts, and groups.\nAttraction\nThe psychological process of being sexually interested in another person.", "chunk_index": 46, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 978, "length_words": 170 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_47", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "This can include,\nfor example, physical attraction, first impressions, and dating rituals.\nBlind to the research hypothesis\nWhen participants in research are not aware of what is being studied.\nConformity\nChanging one’s attitude or behavior to match a perceived social norm.\nCulture of honor\nA culture in which personal or family reputation is especially important.\nDiscrimination\nDiscrimination is behavior that advantages or disadvantages people merely based on their\ngroup membership.\nFundamental attribution error\nThe tendency to emphasize another person’s personality traits when describing that person’s\nmotives and behaviors and overlooking the influence of situational factors.\nHypothesis\nA possible explanation that can be tested through research.\nLevels of analysis\nComplementary views for analyzing and understanding a phenomenon.\nNeed to belong\nA strong natural impulse in humans to form social connections and to be accepted by others.\nObedience\nResponding to an order or command from a person in a position of authority.\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 23\nObservational learning\nLearning by observing the behavior of others.\nPrejudice\nAn evaluation or emotion toward people based merely on their group membership.\nReciprocity\nThe act of exchanging goods or services.", "chunk_index": 47, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 1300, "length_words": 189 } }, { "id": "together_social_psychology_chunk_48", "book": "together_social_psychology", "content": "By giving a person a gift, the principle of reciprocity\ncan be used to influence others; they then feel obligated to give back.\nResearch confederate\nA person working with a researcher, posing as a research participant or as a bystander.\nResearch participant\nA person being studied as part of a research program.\nSocial attribution\nThe way a person explains the motives or behaviors of others.\nSocial cognition\nThe way people process and apply information about others.\nSocial influence\nWhen one person causes a change in attitude or behavior in another person, whether\nintentionally or unintentionally.\nSocial psychology\nThe branch of psychological science that is mainly concerned with understanding how the\npresence of others affects our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors.\nStereotyping\nA mental process of using information shortcuts about a group to effectively navigate social\nsituations or make decisions.\nStigmatized group\nA group that suffers from social disapproval based on some characteristic that sets them apart\nfrom the majority.\nAn Introduction to the Science of Social Psychology 24.", "chunk_index": 48, "total_chunks": 49, "metadata": { "source": "together_social_psychology.txt", "book_title": "Together Social Psychology", "length_chars": 1098, "length_words": 167 } }, { "id": "true_colors_chunk_0", "book": "true_colors", "content": "Discovering Our Personality Style Through TRUE COLORS \nIn this exercise potential mentors will :\nDiscover the qualities and characteristics of their own particular personality style or \ntype; \nGain an understanding of other personality styles. \nKey Concepts \nTrue Colors is a metaphor. \nEach person is a unique blend of the four colors or styles—a spectrum. There \nare no bad or good colors. \nThere are wide individual variations within each color spectrum. \nEach of us has a different and unique personality; however, there are commonalities that we \nshare. True Colors is an attempt to identify various personality styles and label them with colors. \nThis model of categorizing personality styles is based on many years of work by other \nresearchers and psychologists. Essentially it draws heavily on the work of Isabel Briggs-Myers, \nKatherine Briggs, and David Keirsey. The Myers-Briggs personality test is a standard tool in \npsychology.", "chunk_index": 0, "total_chunks": 6, "metadata": { "source": "true_colors.txt", "book_title": "True Colors", "length_chars": 947, "length_words": 144 } }, { "id": "true_colors_chunk_1", "book": "true_colors", "content": "The Keirsey, Please Understand Me temperment test is also a standard tool in \npsychology. Don Lowry, a student of Keirsey, developed the system called True Colors which \nuses four primary colors to designate personality types and behavioral styles. \nLowry’s objective was the application of temperament or personality style to facilitate deeper \ncommunications and understanding. He hoped it would result in positive self-worth and self-\nesteem. The True Colors program was designed to maximize the application of psychological \nstyle in the workplace, in the family and in education and in other types of communities. The \nease of understanding and use in all human relationships and interactions make this model very \nfunctional.", "chunk_index": 1, "total_chunks": 6, "metadata": { "source": "true_colors.txt", "book_title": "True Colors", "length_chars": 732, "length_words": 110 } }, { "id": "true_colors_chunk_2", "book": "true_colors", "content": "The belief is that with increased understanding of ourselves and others that conflict will \ndecrease.Once you learn your color and that of others with whom you have interaction, you will \nhave a better understanding of why you both behave the way you do!\nEach color is associated with certain personality traits or behaviors. Everyone has some degree \nof each color, but one color is predominant. The following quiz will identify your color \nspectrum. Follow the directions carefully and transfer your scores to the score sheet. If you have \ntwo colors with the same score, you pick which one you think more accurately describes you. \nRemember, there a color variations and blends and this is not a scientific instrument. It just gives \nyou a little insight about human nature. \nInstructions: Compare all 4 boxes in each row.", "chunk_index": 2, "total_chunks": 6, "metadata": { "source": "true_colors.txt", "book_title": "True Colors", "length_chars": 825, "length_words": 136 } }, { "id": "true_colors_chunk_3", "book": "true_colors", "content": "Do NOT analyze each word; just get a sense of \neach box.Score each of the four boxes in each row from most to least as it describes you: \n 4 = most, 3 = a lot, 2 = somewhat, 1 = least.\nRow 1 A \nActive \nVariety \nSports \nOpportunities \nSpontaneous \nFlexible \nB \nOrganized \nPlanned \nNeat \nParental \nTraditional \nResponsible \nC \nWarm \nHelpful \nFriends \nAuthentic \nHarmonious \nCompassionate \nD \nLearning \nScience \nQuiet \nVersatile \nInventive \nCompetent \nScore \n Score \n Score \n Score \nRow 2 E \nCurious \nIdeas \nQuestions \nConceptual \nKnowledge \nProblem Solver \nF \nCaring \nPeople Oriented \nFeelings \nUnique \nEmpathetic \nCommunicative \nG \nOrderly \nOn-time \nHonest \nStable \nSensible \nDependable \nH \nAction \nChallenges \nCompetitive \nImpetuous \nImpactful \nScore \n Score \n Score \n Score \nRow 3 I \nHelpful \nTrustworthy \nDependable \nLoyal \nConservative \nOrganized \nJ \nKind \nUnderstanding \nGiving \nDevoted \nWarm \nPoetic \nK \nPlayful \nQuick \nAdventurous \nConfrontive \nOpen Minded \nIndependent \nL \nIndependent \nExploring \nCompetent \nTheoretical \nWhy Questions \nIngenious \nScore \n Score \n Score \n Score \nRow 4 M \nFollow \nRules \nUseful \nSave Money \nConcerned \nProcedural \nCooperative \nN \nActive \nFree \nWinning \nDaring \nImpulsive \nRisk Taker \nO \nSharing \nGetting Along \nFeelings \nTender \nInspirational \nDramatic \nP \nThinking \nSolving Problems \nPerfectionistic \nDetermined \nComplex \nComposed \nScore \n Score \n Score \n Score \nRow 5 Q \nPuzzles \nSeeking Info \nMaking Sense \nPhilosophical \nPrincipled \nRational \nR \nSocial Causes \nEasy Going \nHappy Endings \nApproachable \nAffectionate \nSympathetic \nS \nExciting \nLively \nHands On \nCourageous \nSkillful \nOn Stage \nT \nPride \nTradition \nDo Things Right \nOrderly \nConventional \nCareful \nScore \n Score \n Score \n Score \nTotal Orange Score \nAdd the boxes: A,H,K,N,S\n$GG 86 \nTotal Green Score\nAdd the boxes: D,E,L,P,Q\n8S4 \nTotal Blue Score \nAdd the boxes: C,F,J,O,R \nTotal Gold Score\nAdd the boxes: B,G,I,M,T\nIf any of the scores in the colored boxes are less than 5 or greater than 20 you have made an \nerror.", "chunk_index": 3, "total_chunks": 6, "metadata": { "source": "true_colors.txt", "book_title": "True Colors", "length_chars": 2074, "length_words": 281 } }, { "id": "true_colors_chunk_4", "book": "true_colors", "content": "Please go back and read the instructions. \n4 = most, \n3 = a lot, \n2 = somewhat \n1 = least\n4 = most \n3 = a lot \n2 = somewhat \n1 = least\n4 = most \n3 = a lot \n2 = somewhat \n1 = least\n4 = most \n3 = a lot \n2 = somewhat \n1 = least\n4 = most\n3 = a lot \n2 = somewhat \n1 = least\nName:\nCongratulations! You now know your color spectrum.", "chunk_index": 4, "total_chunks": 6, "metadata": { "source": "true_colors.txt", "book_title": "True Colors", "length_chars": 325, "length_words": 80 } }, { "id": "true_colors_chunk_5", "book": "true_colors", "content": "Here are some general descriptions of each color: \n Greens Oranges\nAre innovative and logical \nSeek to understand the world \nNeed to be competent \nRequire intellectual freedom \nAre curious \nQuestion authority \nPush themselves to improve \nSeek perfection in play \nMay become intellectually isolated \nAre slow to make decisions \nValue concise communication \nLook for intellectual stimulation \nEnjoy intriguing discussions \nAre sometimes oblivious to \nemotions \nAre detached \nBelieve work is play \nAre drawn to technical occupations \nAnalyze and rearrange systems \nFocus on the future \nBring innovation to society \nAre free and spontaneous \nAre impulsive risk-takers \nAre active \nAre optimistic \nResist commitment \nCan become virtuosos \nThrive on crises \nAre drawn to tools \nLike to be the center of attention \nHave great endurance \nAre drawn to action jobs \nNeed variety \nAre dynamic, animated \ncommunicators \nAre competitive \nDeal with the here and now \nAre bold in relationships \nAre generous \nHave difficulty finding acceptance \nLike to live in a casual atmosphere \nBring excitement to society \n Golds Blues\nAre dutiful and stable \nNeed to be useful \nWant to be self-sufficient \nValue organization \nDesire punctuality \nSchedule their lives \nMake and keep commitments \nMeasure worth by completion \nAre goal-oriented \nValue rules \nPrepare for the future \nAre inclined to join groups \nBelieve work comes before play \nSafeguard tradition \nPrefer order and cleanliness \nAre responsible and dedicated \nAre drawn to respected \noccupations \nEnjoy positions of authority \nDesire structure \nBring stability to society \nAre in search of themselves \nNeed to feel unique \nMust be true to themselves \nLook for symbolism \nValue close relationships \nEncourage expression \nDesire quality time with loved ones \nNeed opportunities to be creative \nCompromise and cooperate \nNurture people, plants and animals \nLook beyond the surface \nShare emotions \nMake decisions based on feelings \nNeed harmony \nAre adaptable \nAre drawn to literature \nAre drawn to nurturing careers \nGet involved in causes \nAre committed to ideals \nBring unity to society.", "chunk_index": 5, "total_chunks": 6, "metadata": { "source": "true_colors.txt", "book_title": "True Colors", "length_chars": 2202, "length_words": 307 } } ], "embeddings": "[Embeddings stored in pickle file: vector_index.pkl]", "model": "all-MiniLM-L6-v2", "embedding_dimension": 384, "metadata": { "total_documents": 2503, "books": [ "personality_psychology", "true_colors", "how_to_pick_a_mate", "together_social_psychology", "surrounded by idiots", "character_temperament" ], "index_hash": "a9e206e3" } }