Add complete FastAPI Docker app (model downloaded at build)

.gitignore

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+yolov5s.pt

Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+FROM python:3.10-slim
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Install system dependencies
+RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y \
+    libgl1-mesa-glx \
+    libglib2.0-0 \
+    libsm6 \
+    libxext6 \
+    libxrender-dev \
+    libgomp1 \
+    wget \
+    git \
+    && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Copy requirements and install Python dependencies
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt && \
+    pip install --no-cache-dir fastapi uvicorn[standard]==0.32.0 python-multipart websockets
+
+# Copy the entire application
+COPY . /app
+
+# Download YOLOv5 model if not present
+RUN if [ ! -f yolov5s.pt ]; then \
+        wget -q https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/releases/download/v7.0/yolov5s.pt; \
+    fi
+
+# Create user for security
+RUN useradd -m -u 1000 user && chown -R user:user /app
+USER user
+
+# Set environment variables
+ENV PATH="/home/user/.local/bin:$PATH"
+ENV PORT=7860
+
+# Expose the port
+EXPOSE 7860
+
+# Start the FastAPI application
+CMD ["sh", "-c", "cd /app/webapp/backend && uvicorn main:app --host 0.0.0.0 --port 7860"]

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,142 @@
 ---
-title: Zka Detection Full
-emoji: 🏢
-colorFrom: pink
-colorTo: indigo
+title: ZKA Marchés CI - Interface Complète
+emoji: 🚦
+colorFrom: blue
+colorTo: purple
 sdk: docker
+app_port: 7860
 pinned: false
 license: mit
 ---
 
-Check out the configuration reference at https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/spaces-config-reference
+# 🚀 ZKA Marchés CI - Détection d'Objets (Interface Complète)
+
+## 📋 Description
+
+Application complète de détection d'objets en temps réel avec **YOLOv5** pour la gestion intelligente des flux dans les marchés d'Abidjan.
+
+## ✨ Fonctionnalités
+
+### 🎥 Webcam en Direct
+- Détection en temps réel via WebSocket
+- Affichage FPS et latence en direct
+- Ajustement du seuil de confiance dynamique
+- Changement de modèle YOLOv5 (s/m/l) à la volée
+
+### 📤 Upload d'Images
+- Upload multiple avec drag & drop
+- Traitement par lot
+- Résultats avec bounding boxes colorées
+- Statistiques détaillées par image
+
+### 📊 Dashboard Interactif
+- Statistiques globales en temps réel
+- Graphiques interactifs avec Chart.js
+- Objets les plus détectés
+- Performance du modèle
+
+### 💾 Historique
+- Toutes les détections sauvegardées
+- Consultation de l'historique complet
+- Possibilité d'effacer l'historique
+
+### 🎨 Interface Moderne
+- Design responsive (mobile-friendly)
+- Mode sombre/clair
+- Animations fluides
+- TailwindCSS + Font Awesome
+
+## 🛠️ Technologies
+
+- **Backend** : FastAPI + WebSocket
+- **Frontend** : HTML5 + Vanilla JavaScript + TailwindCSS
+- **IA** : YOLOv5 (Ultralytics)
+- **Visualisation** : Chart.js
+- **Déploiement** : Docker on Hugging Face Spaces
+
+## 🎯 Utilisation
+
+### Webcam en Direct
+1. Cliquez sur l'onglet "Webcam en Direct"
+2. Cliquez sur "Démarrer"
+3. Autorisez l'accès à votre webcam
+4. La détection se fait automatiquement en temps réel
+
+### Upload d'Images
+1. Cliquez sur l'onglet "Upload Images"
+2. Glissez vos images dans la zone ou cliquez pour sélectionner
+3. Cliquez sur "Analyser les images"
+4. Consultez les résultats avec bounding boxes
+
+### Dashboard
+- Consultez les statistiques globales
+- Visualisez les graphiques de performance
+- Analysez les tendances de détection
+
+### Historique
+- Retrouvez toutes vos détections précédentes
+- Consultez les détails de chaque détection
+
+## 📊 Classes Détectées
+
+L'application détecte **80 classes d'objets** du dataset COCO, incluant:
+
+**🚶 Personnes & Mobilité**
+- Personnes, véhicules (voitures, motos, bus, camions)
+- Vélos, trottinettes
+
+**🏪 Infrastructure & Commerce**  
+- Mobilier urbain (bancs, tables, chaises)
+- Objets de marché
+- Signalisation
+
+## 🎓 Contexte Académique
+
+Projet développé à **ESATIC** (École Supérieure Africaine des TIC) pour la gestion urbaine en Afrique.
+
+**Marchés ciblés:**
+- Adjamé (Abidjan)
+- Treichville (Abidjan)
+- Cocody (Abidjan)
+- Yopougon (Abidjan)
+
+## 🔧 Configuration
+
+L'application écoute sur le **port 7860** (requis par Hugging Face Spaces).
+
+## 📱 Compatibilité
+
+- ✅ Desktop (Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari)
+- ✅ Mobile (iOS, Android)
+- ✅ Tablette
+
+## 📝 API Endpoints
+
+- `GET /` - Interface principale
+- `POST /detect` - Détection sur une image
+- `POST /detect/batch` - Détection sur plusieurs images
+- `WS /ws` - WebSocket pour webcam temps réel
+- `GET /statistics` - Statistiques globales
+- `GET /history` - Historique des détections
+- `GET /docs` - Documentation API interactive
+
+## 🚀 Démarrage Local
+
+```bash
+# Installer les dépendances
+pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# Lancer le serveur
+cd webapp/backend
+python main.py
+```
+
+Accéder à : http://localhost:8001
+
+## 📄 Licence
+
+MIT License
+
+---
+
+**Développé avec ❤️ pour la gestion intelligente des marchés africains**

models/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license

models/common.py

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+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+"""Common modules."""
+
+import ast
+import contextlib
+import json
+import math
+import platform
+import warnings
+import zipfile
+from collections import OrderedDict, namedtuple
+from copy import copy
+from pathlib import Path
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+import cv2
+import numpy as np
+import pandas as pd
+import requests
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from PIL import Image
+from torch.cuda import amp
+
+# Import 'ultralytics' package or install if missing
+try:
+    import ultralytics
+
+    assert hasattr(ultralytics, "__version__")  # verify package is not directory
+except (ImportError, AssertionError):
+    import os
+
+    os.system("pip install -U ultralytics")
+    import ultralytics
+
+from ultralytics.utils.plotting import Annotator, colors, save_one_box
+
+from utils import TryExcept
+from utils.dataloaders import exif_transpose, letterbox
+from utils.general import (
+    LOGGER,
+    ROOT,
+    Profile,
+    check_requirements,
+    check_suffix,
+    check_version,
+    colorstr,
+    increment_path,
+    is_jupyter,
+    make_divisible,
+    non_max_suppression,
+    scale_boxes,
+    xywh2xyxy,
+    xyxy2xywh,
+    yaml_load,
+)
+from utils.torch_utils import copy_attr, smart_inference_mode
+
+
+def autopad(k, p=None, d=1):
+    """Pads kernel to 'same' output shape, adjusting for optional dilation; returns padding size.
+
+    `k`: kernel, `p`: padding, `d`: dilation.
+    """
+    if d > 1:
+        k = d * (k - 1) + 1 if isinstance(k, int) else [d * (x - 1) + 1 for x in k]  # actual kernel-size
+    if p is None:
+        p = k // 2 if isinstance(k, int) else [x // 2 for x in k]  # auto-pad
+    return p
+
+
+class Conv(nn.Module):
+    """Applies a convolution, batch normalization, and activation function to an input tensor in a neural network."""
+
+    default_act = nn.SiLU()  # default activation
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, d=1, act=True):
+        """Initializes a standard convolution layer with optional batch normalization and activation."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.conv = nn.Conv2d(c1, c2, k, s, autopad(k, p, d), groups=g, dilation=d, bias=False)
+        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
+        self.act = self.default_act if act is True else act if isinstance(act, nn.Module) else nn.Identity()
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Applies a convolution followed by batch normalization and an activation function to the input tensor `x`."""
+        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(x)))
+
+    def forward_fuse(self, x):
+        """Applies a fused convolution and activation function to the input tensor `x`."""
+        return self.act(self.conv(x))
+
+
+class DWConv(Conv):
+    """Implements a depth-wise convolution layer with optional activation for efficient spatial filtering."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, d=1, act=True):
+        """Initializes a depth-wise convolution layer with optional activation; args: input channels (c1), output
+        channels (c2), kernel size (k), stride (s), dilation (d), and activation flag (act).
+        """
+        super().__init__(c1, c2, k, s, g=math.gcd(c1, c2), d=d, act=act)
+
+
+class DWConvTranspose2d(nn.ConvTranspose2d):
+    """A depth-wise transpose convolutional layer for upsampling in neural networks, particularly in YOLOv5 models."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p1=0, p2=0):
+        """Initializes a depth-wise transpose convolutional layer for YOLOv5; args: input channels (c1), output channels
+        (c2), kernel size (k), stride (s), input padding (p1), output padding (p2).
+        """
+        super().__init__(c1, c2, k, s, p1, p2, groups=math.gcd(c1, c2))
+
+
+class TransformerLayer(nn.Module):
+    """Transformer layer with multihead attention and linear layers, optimized by removing LayerNorm."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c, num_heads):
+        """Initializes a transformer layer, sans LayerNorm for performance, with multihead attention and linear layers.
+
+        See  as described in https://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11929.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.q = nn.Linear(c, c, bias=False)
+        self.k = nn.Linear(c, c, bias=False)
+        self.v = nn.Linear(c, c, bias=False)
+        self.ma = nn.MultiheadAttention(embed_dim=c, num_heads=num_heads)
+        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(c, c, bias=False)
+        self.fc2 = nn.Linear(c, c, bias=False)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Performs forward pass using MultiheadAttention and two linear transformations with residual connections."""
+        x = self.ma(self.q(x), self.k(x), self.v(x))[0] + x
+        x = self.fc2(self.fc1(x)) + x
+        return x
+
+
+class TransformerBlock(nn.Module):
+    """A Transformer block for vision tasks with convolution, position embeddings, and Transformer layers."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, num_heads, num_layers):
+        """Initializes a Transformer block for vision tasks, adapting dimensions if necessary and stacking specified
+        layers.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.conv = None
+        if c1 != c2:
+            self.conv = Conv(c1, c2)
+        self.linear = nn.Linear(c2, c2)  # learnable position embedding
+        self.tr = nn.Sequential(*(TransformerLayer(c2, num_heads) for _ in range(num_layers)))
+        self.c2 = c2
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through an optional convolution, followed by Transformer layers and position embeddings for
+        object detection.
+        """
+        if self.conv is not None:
+            x = self.conv(x)
+        b, _, w, h = x.shape
+        p = x.flatten(2).permute(2, 0, 1)
+        return self.tr(p + self.linear(p)).permute(1, 2, 0).reshape(b, self.c2, w, h)
+
+
+class Bottleneck(nn.Module):
+    """A bottleneck layer with optional shortcut and group convolution for efficient feature extraction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
+        """Initializes a standard bottleneck layer with optional shortcut and group convolution, supporting channel
+        expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
+        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g)
+        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through two convolutions, optionally adds shortcut if channel dimensions match; input is a
+        tensor.
+        """
+        return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
+
+
+class BottleneckCSP(nn.Module):
+    """CSP bottleneck layer for feature extraction with cross-stage partial connections and optional shortcuts."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
+        """Initializes CSP bottleneck with optional shortcuts; args: ch_in, ch_out, number of repeats, shortcut bool,
+        groups, expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
+        self.cv2 = nn.Conv2d(c1, c_, 1, 1, bias=False)
+        self.cv3 = nn.Conv2d(c_, c_, 1, 1, bias=False)
+        self.cv4 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1, 1)
+        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(2 * c_)  # applied to cat(cv2, cv3)
+        self.act = nn.SiLU()
+        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Performs forward pass by applying layers, activation, and concatenation on input x, returning feature-
+        enhanced output.
+        """
+        y1 = self.cv3(self.m(self.cv1(x)))
+        y2 = self.cv2(x)
+        return self.cv4(self.act(self.bn(torch.cat((y1, y2), 1))))
+
+
+class CrossConv(nn.Module):
+    """Implements a cross convolution layer with downsampling, expansion, and optional shortcut."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=3, s=1, g=1, e=1.0, shortcut=False):
+        """Initializes CrossConv with downsampling, expanding, and optionally shortcutting; `c1` input, `c2` output
+        channels.
+
+        Inputs are ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, groups, expansion, shortcut.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, (1, k), (1, s))
+        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c2, (k, 1), (s, 1), g=g)
+        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Performs feature sampling, expanding, and applies shortcut if channels match; expects `x` input tensor."""
+        return x + self.cv2(self.cv1(x)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(x))
+
+
+class C3(nn.Module):
+    """Implements a CSP Bottleneck module with three convolutions for enhanced feature extraction in neural networks."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
+        """Initializes C3 module with options for channel count, bottleneck repetition, shortcut usage, group
+        convolutions, and expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
+        self.cv2 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
+        self.cv3 = Conv(2 * c_, c2, 1)  # optional act=FReLU(c2)
+        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(Bottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0) for _ in range(n)))
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Performs forward propagation using concatenated outputs from two convolutions and a Bottleneck sequence."""
+        return self.cv3(torch.cat((self.m(self.cv1(x)), self.cv2(x)), 1))
+
+
+class C3x(C3):
+    """Extends the C3 module with cross-convolutions for enhanced feature extraction in neural networks."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
+        """Initializes C3x module with cross-convolutions, extending C3 with customizable channel dimensions, groups,
+        and expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)
+        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(CrossConv(c_, c_, 3, 1, g, 1.0, shortcut) for _ in range(n)))
+
+
+class C3TR(C3):
+    """C3 module with TransformerBlock for enhanced feature extraction in object detection models."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
+        """Initializes C3 module with TransformerBlock for enhanced feature extraction, accepts channel sizes, shortcut
+        config, group, and expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)
+        self.m = TransformerBlock(c_, c_, 4, n)
+
+
+class C3SPP(C3):
+    """Extends the C3 module with an SPP layer for enhanced spatial feature extraction and customizable channels."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=(5, 9, 13), n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
+        """Initializes a C3 module with SPP layer for advanced spatial feature extraction, given channel sizes, kernel
+        sizes, shortcut, group, and expansion ratio.
+        """
+        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)
+        self.m = SPP(c_, c_, k)
+
+
+class C3Ghost(C3):
+    """Implements a C3 module with Ghost Bottlenecks for efficient feature extraction in YOLOv5."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5's C3 module with Ghost Bottlenecks for efficient feature extraction."""
+        super().__init__(c1, c2, n, shortcut, g, e)
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.m = nn.Sequential(*(GhostBottleneck(c_, c_) for _ in range(n)))
+
+
+class SPP(nn.Module):
+    """Implements Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) for feature extraction, ref: https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.4729."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=(5, 9, 13)):
+        """Initializes SPP layer with Spatial Pyramid Pooling, ref: https://arxiv.org/abs/1406.4729, args: c1 (input
+        channels), c2 (output channels), k (kernel sizes).
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = c1 // 2  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
+        self.cv2 = Conv(c_ * (len(k) + 1), c2, 1, 1)
+        self.m = nn.ModuleList([nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=x, stride=1, padding=x // 2) for x in k])
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Applies convolution and max pooling layers to the input tensor `x`, concatenates results, and returns output
+        tensor.
+        """
+        x = self.cv1(x)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")  # suppress torch 1.9.0 max_pool2d() warning
+            return self.cv2(torch.cat([x] + [m(x) for m in self.m], 1))
+
+
+class SPPF(nn.Module):
+    """Implements a fast Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPPF) layer for efficient feature extraction in YOLOv5 models."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=5):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 SPPF layer with given channels and kernel size for YOLOv5 model, combining convolution and
+        max pooling.
+
+        Equivalent to SPP(k=(5, 9, 13)).
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = c1 // 2  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, 1, 1)
+        self.cv2 = Conv(c_ * 4, c2, 1, 1)
+        self.m = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=k, stride=1, padding=k // 2)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through a series of convolutions and max pooling operations for feature extraction."""
+        x = self.cv1(x)
+        with warnings.catch_warnings():
+            warnings.simplefilter("ignore")  # suppress torch 1.9.0 max_pool2d() warning
+            y1 = self.m(x)
+            y2 = self.m(y1)
+            return self.cv2(torch.cat((x, y1, y2, self.m(y2)), 1))
+
+
+class Focus(nn.Module):
+    """Focuses spatial information into channel space using slicing and convolution for efficient feature extraction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True):
+        """Initializes Focus module to concentrate width-height info into channel space with configurable convolution
+        parameters.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.conv = Conv(c1 * 4, c2, k, s, p, g, act=act)
+        # self.contract = Contract(gain=2)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through Focus mechanism, reshaping (b,c,w,h) to (b,4c,w/2,h/2) then applies convolution."""
+        return self.conv(torch.cat((x[..., ::2, ::2], x[..., 1::2, ::2], x[..., ::2, 1::2], x[..., 1::2, 1::2]), 1))
+        # return self.conv(self.contract(x))
+
+
+class GhostConv(nn.Module):
+    """Implements Ghost Convolution for efficient feature extraction, see https://github.com/huawei-noah/ghostnet."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, g=1, act=True):
+        """Initializes GhostConv with in/out channels, kernel size, stride, groups, and activation; halves out channels
+        for efficiency.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = c2 // 2  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, k, s, None, g, act=act)
+        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c_, 5, 1, None, c_, act=act)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Performs forward pass, concatenating outputs of two convolutions on input `x`: shape (B,C,H,W)."""
+        y = self.cv1(x)
+        return torch.cat((y, self.cv2(y)), 1)
+
+
+class GhostBottleneck(nn.Module):
+    """Efficient bottleneck layer using Ghost Convolutions, see https://github.com/huawei-noah/ghostnet."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=3, s=1):
+        """Initializes GhostBottleneck with ch_in `c1`, ch_out `c2`, kernel size `k`, stride `s`; see
+        https://github.com/huawei-noah/ghostnet.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = c2 // 2
+        self.conv = nn.Sequential(
+            GhostConv(c1, c_, 1, 1),  # pw
+            DWConv(c_, c_, k, s, act=False) if s == 2 else nn.Identity(),  # dw
+            GhostConv(c_, c2, 1, 1, act=False),
+        )  # pw-linear
+        self.shortcut = (
+            nn.Sequential(DWConv(c1, c1, k, s, act=False), Conv(c1, c2, 1, 1, act=False)) if s == 2 else nn.Identity()
+        )
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through conv and shortcut layers, returning their summed output."""
+        return self.conv(x) + self.shortcut(x)
+
+
+class Contract(nn.Module):
+    """Contracts spatial dimensions into channel dimensions for efficient processing in neural networks."""
+
+    def __init__(self, gain=2):
+        """Initializes a layer to contract spatial dimensions (width-height) into channels, e.g., input shape
+        (1,64,80,80) to (1,256,40,40).
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.gain = gain
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input tensor to expand channel dimensions by contracting spatial dimensions, yielding output shape
+        `(b, c*s*s, h//s, w//s)`.
+        """
+        b, c, h, w = x.size()  # assert (h / s == 0) and (W / s == 0), 'Indivisible gain'
+        s = self.gain
+        x = x.view(b, c, h // s, s, w // s, s)  # x(1,64,40,2,40,2)
+        x = x.permute(0, 3, 5, 1, 2, 4).contiguous()  # x(1,2,2,64,40,40)
+        return x.view(b, c * s * s, h // s, w // s)  # x(1,256,40,40)
+
+
+class Expand(nn.Module):
+    """Expands spatial dimensions by redistributing channels, e.g., from (1,64,80,80) to (1,16,160,160)."""
+
+    def __init__(self, gain=2):
+        """Initializes the Expand module to increase spatial dimensions by redistributing channels, with an optional
+        gain factor.
+
+        Example: x(1,64,80,80) to x(1,16,160,160).
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.gain = gain
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input tensor x to expand spatial dims by redistributing channels, requiring C / gain^2 == 0."""
+        b, c, h, w = x.size()  # assert C / s ** 2 == 0, 'Indivisible gain'
+        s = self.gain
+        x = x.view(b, s, s, c // s**2, h, w)  # x(1,2,2,16,80,80)
+        x = x.permute(0, 3, 4, 1, 5, 2).contiguous()  # x(1,16,80,2,80,2)
+        return x.view(b, c // s**2, h * s, w * s)  # x(1,16,160,160)
+
+
+class Concat(nn.Module):
+    """Concatenates tensors along a specified dimension for efficient tensor manipulation in neural networks."""
+
+    def __init__(self, dimension=1):
+        """Initializes a Concat module to concatenate tensors along a specified dimension."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.d = dimension
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Concatenates a list of tensors along a specified dims; `x` is a list of tensors, `dimension` is an int."""
+        return torch.cat(x, self.d)
+
+
+class DetectMultiBackend(nn.Module):
+    """YOLOv5 MultiBackend class for inference on various backends including PyTorch, ONNX, TensorRT, and more."""
+
+    def __init__(self, weights="yolov5s.pt", device=torch.device("cpu"), dnn=False, data=None, fp16=False, fuse=True):
+        """Initializes DetectMultiBackend with support for various inference backends, including PyTorch and ONNX."""
+        #   PyTorch:              weights = *.pt
+        #   TorchScript:                    *.torchscript
+        #   ONNX Runtime:                   *.onnx
+        #   ONNX OpenCV DNN:                *.onnx --dnn
+        #   OpenVINO:                       *_openvino_model
+        #   CoreML:                         *.mlpackage
+        #   TensorRT:                       *.engine
+        #   TensorFlow SavedModel:          *_saved_model
+        #   TensorFlow GraphDef:            *.pb
+        #   TensorFlow Lite:                *.tflite
+        #   TensorFlow Edge TPU:            *_edgetpu.tflite
+        #   PaddlePaddle:                   *_paddle_model
+        from models.experimental import attempt_download, attempt_load  # scoped to avoid circular import
+
+        super().__init__()
+        w = str(weights[0] if isinstance(weights, list) else weights)
+        pt, jit, onnx, xml, engine, coreml, saved_model, pb, tflite, edgetpu, tfjs, paddle, triton = self._model_type(w)
+        fp16 &= pt or jit or onnx or engine or triton  # FP16
+        nhwc = coreml or saved_model or pb or tflite or edgetpu  # BHWC formats (vs torch BCWH)
+        stride = 32  # default stride
+        cuda = torch.cuda.is_available() and device.type != "cpu"  # use CUDA
+        if not (pt or triton):
+            w = attempt_download(w)  # download if not local
+
+        if pt:  # PyTorch
+            model = attempt_load(weights if isinstance(weights, list) else w, device=device, inplace=True, fuse=fuse)
+            stride = max(int(model.stride.max()), 32)  # model stride
+            names = model.module.names if hasattr(model, "module") else model.names  # get class names
+            model.half() if fp16 else model.float()
+            self.model = model  # explicitly assign for to(), cpu(), cuda(), half()
+        elif jit:  # TorchScript
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for TorchScript inference...")
+            extra_files = {"config.txt": ""}  # model metadata
+            model = torch.jit.load(w, _extra_files=extra_files, map_location=device)
+            model.half() if fp16 else model.float()
+            if extra_files["config.txt"]:  # load metadata dict
+                d = json.loads(
+                    extra_files["config.txt"],
+                    object_hook=lambda d: {int(k) if k.isdigit() else k: v for k, v in d.items()},
+                )
+                stride, names = int(d["stride"]), d["names"]
+        elif dnn:  # ONNX OpenCV DNN
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for ONNX OpenCV DNN inference...")
+            check_requirements("opencv-python>=4.5.4")
+            net = cv2.dnn.readNetFromONNX(w)
+        elif onnx:  # ONNX Runtime
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for ONNX Runtime inference...")
+            check_requirements(("onnx", "onnxruntime-gpu" if cuda else "onnxruntime"))
+            import onnxruntime
+
+            providers = ["CUDAExecutionProvider", "CPUExecutionProvider"] if cuda else ["CPUExecutionProvider"]
+            session = onnxruntime.InferenceSession(w, providers=providers)
+            output_names = [x.name for x in session.get_outputs()]
+            meta = session.get_modelmeta().custom_metadata_map  # metadata
+            if "stride" in meta:
+                stride, names = int(meta["stride"]), eval(meta["names"])
+        elif xml:  # OpenVINO
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for OpenVINO inference...")
+            check_requirements("openvino>=2023.0")  # requires openvino-dev: https://pypi.org/project/openvino-dev/
+            from openvino.runtime import Core, Layout, get_batch
+
+            core = Core()
+            if not Path(w).is_file():  # if not *.xml
+                w = next(Path(w).glob("*.xml"))  # get *.xml file from *_openvino_model dir
+            ov_model = core.read_model(model=w, weights=Path(w).with_suffix(".bin"))
+            if ov_model.get_parameters()[0].get_layout().empty:
+                ov_model.get_parameters()[0].set_layout(Layout("NCHW"))
+            batch_dim = get_batch(ov_model)
+            if batch_dim.is_static:
+                batch_size = batch_dim.get_length()
+            ov_compiled_model = core.compile_model(ov_model, device_name="AUTO")  # AUTO selects best available device
+            stride, names = self._load_metadata(Path(w).with_suffix(".yaml"))  # load metadata
+        elif engine:  # TensorRT
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for TensorRT inference...")
+            import tensorrt as trt  # https://developer.nvidia.com/nvidia-tensorrt-download
+
+            check_version(trt.__version__, "7.0.0", hard=True)  # require tensorrt>=7.0.0
+            if device.type == "cpu":
+                device = torch.device("cuda:0")
+            Binding = namedtuple("Binding", ("name", "dtype", "shape", "data", "ptr"))
+            logger = trt.Logger(trt.Logger.INFO)
+            with open(w, "rb") as f, trt.Runtime(logger) as runtime:
+                model = runtime.deserialize_cuda_engine(f.read())
+            context = model.create_execution_context()
+            bindings = OrderedDict()
+            output_names = []
+            fp16 = False  # default updated below
+            dynamic = False
+            is_trt10 = not hasattr(model, "num_bindings")
+            num = range(model.num_io_tensors) if is_trt10 else range(model.num_bindings)
+            for i in num:
+                if is_trt10:
+                    name = model.get_tensor_name(i)
+                    dtype = trt.nptype(model.get_tensor_dtype(name))
+                    is_input = model.get_tensor_mode(name) == trt.TensorIOMode.INPUT
+                    if is_input:
+                        if -1 in tuple(model.get_tensor_shape(name)):  # dynamic
+                            dynamic = True
+                            context.set_input_shape(name, tuple(model.get_profile_shape(name, 0)[2]))
+                        if dtype == np.float16:
+                            fp16 = True
+                    else:  # output
+                        output_names.append(name)
+                    shape = tuple(context.get_tensor_shape(name))
+                else:
+                    name = model.get_binding_name(i)
+                    dtype = trt.nptype(model.get_binding_dtype(i))
+                    if model.binding_is_input(i):
+                        if -1 in tuple(model.get_binding_shape(i)):  # dynamic
+                            dynamic = True
+                            context.set_binding_shape(i, tuple(model.get_profile_shape(0, i)[2]))
+                        if dtype == np.float16:
+                            fp16 = True
+                    else:  # output
+                        output_names.append(name)
+                    shape = tuple(context.get_binding_shape(i))
+                im = torch.from_numpy(np.empty(shape, dtype=dtype)).to(device)
+                bindings[name] = Binding(name, dtype, shape, im, int(im.data_ptr()))
+            binding_addrs = OrderedDict((n, d.ptr) for n, d in bindings.items())
+            batch_size = bindings["images"].shape[0]  # if dynamic, this is instead max batch size
+        elif coreml:  # CoreML
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for CoreML inference...")
+            import coremltools as ct
+
+            model = ct.models.MLModel(w)
+        elif saved_model:  # TF SavedModel
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for TensorFlow SavedModel inference...")
+            import tensorflow as tf
+
+            keras = False  # assume TF1 saved_model
+            model = tf.keras.models.load_model(w) if keras else tf.saved_model.load(w)
+        elif pb:  # GraphDef https://www.tensorflow.org/guide/migrate#a_graphpb_or_graphpbtxt
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for TensorFlow GraphDef inference...")
+            import tensorflow as tf
+
+            def wrap_frozen_graph(gd, inputs, outputs):
+                """Wraps a TensorFlow GraphDef for inference, returning a pruned function."""
+                x = tf.compat.v1.wrap_function(lambda: tf.compat.v1.import_graph_def(gd, name=""), [])  # wrapped
+                ge = x.graph.as_graph_element
+                return x.prune(tf.nest.map_structure(ge, inputs), tf.nest.map_structure(ge, outputs))
+
+            def gd_outputs(gd):
+                """Generates a sorted list of graph outputs excluding NoOp nodes and inputs, formatted as '<name>:0'."""
+                name_list, input_list = [], []
+                for node in gd.node:  # tensorflow.core.framework.node_def_pb2.NodeDef
+                    name_list.append(node.name)
+                    input_list.extend(node.input)
+                return sorted(f"{x}:0" for x in list(set(name_list) - set(input_list)) if not x.startswith("NoOp"))
+
+            gd = tf.Graph().as_graph_def()  # TF GraphDef
+            with open(w, "rb") as f:
+                gd.ParseFromString(f.read())
+            frozen_func = wrap_frozen_graph(gd, inputs="x:0", outputs=gd_outputs(gd))
+        elif tflite or edgetpu:  # https://www.tensorflow.org/lite/guide/python#install_tensorflow_lite_for_python
+            try:  # https://coral.ai/docs/edgetpu/tflite-python/#update-existing-tf-lite-code-for-the-edge-tpu
+                from tflite_runtime.interpreter import Interpreter, load_delegate
+            except ImportError:
+                import tensorflow as tf
+
+                Interpreter, load_delegate = (
+                    tf.lite.Interpreter,
+                    tf.lite.experimental.load_delegate,
+                )
+            if edgetpu:  # TF Edge TPU https://coral.ai/software/#edgetpu-runtime
+                LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for TensorFlow Lite Edge TPU inference...")
+                delegate = {"Linux": "libedgetpu.so.1", "Darwin": "libedgetpu.1.dylib", "Windows": "edgetpu.dll"}[
+                    platform.system()
+                ]
+                interpreter = Interpreter(model_path=w, experimental_delegates=[load_delegate(delegate)])
+            else:  # TFLite
+                LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for TensorFlow Lite inference...")
+                interpreter = Interpreter(model_path=w)  # load TFLite model
+            interpreter.allocate_tensors()  # allocate
+            input_details = interpreter.get_input_details()  # inputs
+            output_details = interpreter.get_output_details()  # outputs
+            # load metadata
+            with contextlib.suppress(zipfile.BadZipFile):
+                with zipfile.ZipFile(w, "r") as model:
+                    meta_file = model.namelist()[0]
+                    meta = ast.literal_eval(model.read(meta_file).decode("utf-8"))
+                    stride, names = int(meta["stride"]), meta["names"]
+        elif tfjs:  # TF.js
+            raise NotImplementedError("ERROR: YOLOv5 TF.js inference is not supported")
+        # PaddlePaddle
+        elif paddle:
+            LOGGER.info(f"Loading {w} for PaddlePaddle inference...")
+            check_requirements("paddlepaddle-gpu" if cuda else "paddlepaddle>=3.0.0")
+            import paddle.inference as pdi
+
+            w = Path(w)
+            if w.is_dir():
+                model_file = next(w.rglob("*.json"), None)
+                params_file = next(w.rglob("*.pdiparams"), None)
+            elif w.suffix == ".pdiparams":
+                model_file = w.with_name("model.json")
+                params_file = w
+            else:
+                raise ValueError(f"Invalid model path {w}. Provide model directory or a .pdiparams file.")
+
+            if not (model_file and params_file and model_file.is_file() and params_file.is_file()):
+                raise FileNotFoundError(f"Model files not found in {w}. Both .json and .pdiparams files are required.")
+
+            config = pdi.Config(str(model_file), str(params_file))
+            if cuda:
+                config.enable_use_gpu(memory_pool_init_size_mb=2048, device_id=0)
+            predictor = pdi.create_predictor(config)
+            input_handle = predictor.get_input_handle(predictor.get_input_names()[0])
+            output_names = predictor.get_output_names()
+
+        elif triton:  # NVIDIA Triton Inference Server
+            LOGGER.info(f"Using {w} as Triton Inference Server...")
+            check_requirements("tritonclient[all]")
+            from utils.triton import TritonRemoteModel
+
+            model = TritonRemoteModel(url=w)
+            nhwc = model.runtime.startswith("tensorflow")
+        else:
+            raise NotImplementedError(f"ERROR: {w} is not a supported format")
+
+        # class names
+        if "names" not in locals():
+            names = yaml_load(data)["names"] if data else {i: f"class{i}" for i in range(999)}
+        if names[0] == "n01440764" and len(names) == 1000:  # ImageNet
+            names = yaml_load(ROOT / "data/ImageNet.yaml")["names"]  # human-readable names
+
+        self.__dict__.update(locals())  # assign all variables to self
+
+    def forward(self, im, augment=False, visualize=False):
+        """Performs YOLOv5 inference on input images with options for augmentation and visualization."""
+        _b, _ch, h, w = im.shape  # batch, channel, height, width
+        if self.fp16 and im.dtype != torch.float16:
+            im = im.half()  # to FP16
+        if self.nhwc:
+            im = im.permute(0, 2, 3, 1)  # torch BCHW to numpy BHWC shape(1,320,192,3)
+
+        if self.pt:  # PyTorch
+            y = self.model(im, augment=augment, visualize=visualize) if augment or visualize else self.model(im)
+        elif self.jit:  # TorchScript
+            y = self.model(im)
+        elif self.dnn:  # ONNX OpenCV DNN
+            im = im.cpu().numpy()  # torch to numpy
+            self.net.setInput(im)
+            y = self.net.forward()
+        elif self.onnx:  # ONNX Runtime
+            im = im.cpu().numpy()  # torch to numpy
+            y = self.session.run(self.output_names, {self.session.get_inputs()[0].name: im})
+        elif self.xml:  # OpenVINO
+            im = im.cpu().numpy()  # FP32
+            y = list(self.ov_compiled_model(im).values())
+        elif self.engine:  # TensorRT
+            if self.dynamic and im.shape != self.bindings["images"].shape:
+                i = self.model.get_binding_index("images")
+                self.context.set_binding_shape(i, im.shape)  # reshape if dynamic
+                self.bindings["images"] = self.bindings["images"]._replace(shape=im.shape)
+                for name in self.output_names:
+                    i = self.model.get_binding_index(name)
+                    self.bindings[name].data.resize_(tuple(self.context.get_binding_shape(i)))
+            s = self.bindings["images"].shape
+            assert im.shape == s, f"input size {im.shape} {'>' if self.dynamic else 'not equal to'} max model size {s}"
+            self.binding_addrs["images"] = int(im.data_ptr())
+            self.context.execute_v2(list(self.binding_addrs.values()))
+            y = [self.bindings[x].data for x in sorted(self.output_names)]
+        elif self.coreml:  # CoreML
+            im = im.cpu().numpy()
+            im = Image.fromarray((im[0] * 255).astype("uint8"))
+            # im = im.resize((192, 320), Image.BILINEAR)
+            y = self.model.predict({"image": im})  # coordinates are xywh normalized
+            if "confidence" in y:
+                box = xywh2xyxy(y["coordinates"] * [[w, h, w, h]])  # xyxy pixels
+                conf, cls = y["confidence"].max(1), y["confidence"].argmax(1).astype(np.float)
+                y = np.concatenate((box, conf.reshape(-1, 1), cls.reshape(-1, 1)), 1)
+            else:
+                y = list(reversed(y.values()))  # reversed for segmentation models (pred, proto)
+        elif self.paddle:  # PaddlePaddle
+            im = im.cpu().numpy().astype(np.float32)
+            self.input_handle.copy_from_cpu(im)
+            self.predictor.run()
+            y = [self.predictor.get_output_handle(x).copy_to_cpu() for x in self.output_names]
+        elif self.triton:  # NVIDIA Triton Inference Server
+            y = self.model(im)
+        else:  # TensorFlow (SavedModel, GraphDef, Lite, Edge TPU)
+            im = im.cpu().numpy()
+            if self.saved_model:  # SavedModel
+                y = self.model(im, training=False) if self.keras else self.model(im)
+            elif self.pb:  # GraphDef
+                y = self.frozen_func(x=self.tf.constant(im))
+            else:  # Lite or Edge TPU
+                input = self.input_details[0]
+                int8 = input["dtype"] == np.uint8  # is TFLite quantized uint8 model
+                if int8:
+                    scale, zero_point = input["quantization"]
+                    im = (im / scale + zero_point).astype(np.uint8)  # de-scale
+                self.interpreter.set_tensor(input["index"], im)
+                self.interpreter.invoke()
+                y = []
+                for output in self.output_details:
+                    x = self.interpreter.get_tensor(output["index"])
+                    if int8:
+                        scale, zero_point = output["quantization"]
+                        x = (x.astype(np.float32) - zero_point) * scale  # re-scale
+                    y.append(x)
+            if len(y) == 2 and len(y[1].shape) != 4:
+                y = list(reversed(y))
+            y = [x if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) else x.numpy() for x in y]
+            y[0][..., :4] *= [w, h, w, h]  # xywh normalized to pixels
+
+        if isinstance(y, (list, tuple)):
+            return self.from_numpy(y[0]) if len(y) == 1 else [self.from_numpy(x) for x in y]
+        else:
+            return self.from_numpy(y)
+
+    def from_numpy(self, x):
+        """Converts a NumPy array to a torch tensor, maintaining device compatibility."""
+        return torch.from_numpy(x).to(self.device) if isinstance(x, np.ndarray) else x
+
+    def warmup(self, imgsz=(1, 3, 640, 640)):
+        """Performs a single inference warmup to initialize model weights, accepting an `imgsz` tuple for image size."""
+        warmup_types = self.pt, self.jit, self.onnx, self.engine, self.saved_model, self.pb, self.triton
+        if any(warmup_types) and (self.device.type != "cpu" or self.triton):
+            im = torch.empty(*imgsz, dtype=torch.half if self.fp16 else torch.float, device=self.device)  # input
+            for _ in range(2 if self.jit else 1):  #
+                self.forward(im)  # warmup
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _model_type(p="path/to/model.pt"):
+        """Determines model type from file path or URL, supporting various export formats.
+
+        Example: path='path/to/model.onnx' -> type=onnx
+        """
+        # types = [pt, jit, onnx, xml, engine, coreml, saved_model, pb, tflite, edgetpu, tfjs, paddle]
+        from export import export_formats
+        from utils.downloads import is_url
+
+        sf = list(export_formats().Suffix)  # export suffixes
+        if not is_url(p, check=False):
+            check_suffix(p, sf)  # checks
+        url = urlparse(p)  # if url may be Triton inference server
+        types = [s in Path(p).name for s in sf]
+        types[8] &= not types[9]  # tflite &= not edgetpu
+        triton = not any(types) and all([any(s in url.scheme for s in ["http", "grpc"]), url.netloc])
+        return [*types, triton]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _load_metadata(f=Path("path/to/meta.yaml")):
+        """Loads metadata from a YAML file, returning strides and names if the file exists, otherwise `None`."""
+        if f.exists():
+            d = yaml_load(f)
+            return d["stride"], d["names"]  # assign stride, names
+        return None, None
+
+
+class AutoShape(nn.Module):
+    """AutoShape class for robust YOLOv5 inference with preprocessing, NMS, and support for various input formats."""
+
+    conf = 0.25  # NMS confidence threshold
+    iou = 0.45  # NMS IoU threshold
+    agnostic = False  # NMS class-agnostic
+    multi_label = False  # NMS multiple labels per box
+    classes = None  # (optional list) filter by class, i.e. = [0, 15, 16] for COCO persons, cats and dogs
+    max_det = 1000  # maximum number of detections per image
+    amp = False  # Automatic Mixed Precision (AMP) inference
+
+    def __init__(self, model, verbose=True):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 model for inference, setting up attributes and preparing model for evaluation."""
+        super().__init__()
+        if verbose:
+            LOGGER.info("Adding AutoShape... ")
+        copy_attr(self, model, include=("yaml", "nc", "hyp", "names", "stride", "abc"), exclude=())  # copy attributes
+        self.dmb = isinstance(model, DetectMultiBackend)  # DetectMultiBackend() instance
+        self.pt = not self.dmb or model.pt  # PyTorch model
+        self.model = model.eval()
+        if self.pt:
+            m = self.model.model.model[-1] if self.dmb else self.model.model[-1]  # Detect()
+            m.inplace = False  # Detect.inplace=False for safe multithread inference
+            m.export = True  # do not output loss values
+
+    def _apply(self, fn):
+        """Applies to(), cpu(), cuda(), half() etc.
+
+        to model tensors excluding parameters or registered buffers.
+        """
+        self = super()._apply(fn)
+        if self.pt:
+            m = self.model.model.model[-1] if self.dmb else self.model.model[-1]  # Detect()
+            m.stride = fn(m.stride)
+            m.grid = list(map(fn, m.grid))
+            if isinstance(m.anchor_grid, list):
+                m.anchor_grid = list(map(fn, m.anchor_grid))
+        return self
+
+    @smart_inference_mode()
+    def forward(self, ims, size=640, augment=False, profile=False):
+        """Performs inference on inputs with optional augment & profiling.
+
+        Supports various formats including file, URI, OpenCV, PIL, numpy, torch.
+        """
+        # For size(height=640, width=1280), RGB images example inputs are:
+        #   file:        ims = 'data/images/zidane.jpg'  # str or PosixPath
+        #   URI:             = 'https://ultralytics.com/images/zidane.jpg'
+        #   OpenCV:          = cv2.imread('image.jpg')[:,:,::-1]  # HWC BGR to RGB x(640,1280,3)
+        #   PIL:             = Image.open('image.jpg') or ImageGrab.grab()  # HWC x(640,1280,3)
+        #   numpy:           = np.zeros((640,1280,3))  # HWC
+        #   torch:           = torch.zeros(16,3,320,640)  # BCHW (scaled to size=640, 0-1 values)
+        #   multiple:        = [Image.open('image1.jpg'), Image.open('image2.jpg'), ...]  # list of images
+
+        dt = (Profile(), Profile(), Profile())
+        with dt[0]:
+            if isinstance(size, int):  # expand
+                size = (size, size)
+            p = next(self.model.parameters()) if self.pt else torch.empty(1, device=self.model.device)  # param
+            autocast = self.amp and (p.device.type != "cpu")  # Automatic Mixed Precision (AMP) inference
+            if isinstance(ims, torch.Tensor):  # torch
+                with amp.autocast(autocast):
+                    return self.model(ims.to(p.device).type_as(p), augment=augment)  # inference
+
+            # Pre-process
+            n, ims = (len(ims), list(ims)) if isinstance(ims, (list, tuple)) else (1, [ims])  # number, list of images
+            shape0, shape1, files = [], [], []  # image and inference shapes, filenames
+            for i, im in enumerate(ims):
+                f = f"image{i}"  # filename
+                if isinstance(im, (str, Path)):  # filename or uri
+                    im, f = Image.open(requests.get(im, stream=True).raw if str(im).startswith("http") else im), im
+                    im = np.asarray(exif_transpose(im))
+                elif isinstance(im, Image.Image):  # PIL Image
+                    im, f = np.asarray(exif_transpose(im)), getattr(im, "filename", f) or f
+                files.append(Path(f).with_suffix(".jpg").name)
+                if im.shape[0] < 5:  # image in CHW
+                    im = im.transpose((1, 2, 0))  # reverse dataloader .transpose(2, 0, 1)
+                im = im[..., :3] if im.ndim == 3 else cv2.cvtColor(im, cv2.COLOR_GRAY2BGR)  # enforce 3ch input
+                s = im.shape[:2]  # HWC
+                shape0.append(s)  # image shape
+                g = max(size) / max(s)  # gain
+                shape1.append([int(y * g) for y in s])
+                ims[i] = im if im.data.contiguous else np.ascontiguousarray(im)  # update
+            shape1 = [make_divisible(x, self.stride) for x in np.array(shape1).max(0)]  # inf shape
+            x = [letterbox(im, shape1, auto=False)[0] for im in ims]  # pad
+            x = np.ascontiguousarray(np.array(x).transpose((0, 3, 1, 2)))  # stack and BHWC to BCHW
+            x = torch.from_numpy(x).to(p.device).type_as(p) / 255  # uint8 to fp16/32
+
+        with amp.autocast(autocast):
+            # Inference
+            with dt[1]:
+                y = self.model(x, augment=augment)  # forward
+
+            # Post-process
+            with dt[2]:
+                y = non_max_suppression(
+                    y if self.dmb else y[0],
+                    self.conf,
+                    self.iou,
+                    self.classes,
+                    self.agnostic,
+                    self.multi_label,
+                    max_det=self.max_det,
+                )  # NMS
+                for i in range(n):
+                    scale_boxes(shape1, y[i][:, :4], shape0[i])
+
+            return Detections(ims, y, files, dt, self.names, x.shape)
+
+
+class Detections:
+    """Manages YOLOv5 detection results with methods for visualization, saving, cropping, and exporting detections."""
+
+    def __init__(self, ims, pred, files, times=(0, 0, 0), names=None, shape=None):
+        """Initializes the YOLOv5 Detections class with image info, predictions, filenames, timing and normalization."""
+        super().__init__()
+        d = pred[0].device  # device
+        gn = [torch.tensor([*(im.shape[i] for i in [1, 0, 1, 0]), 1, 1], device=d) for im in ims]  # normalizations
+        self.ims = ims  # list of images as numpy arrays
+        self.pred = pred  # list of tensors pred[0] = (xyxy, conf, cls)
+        self.names = names  # class names
+        self.files = files  # image filenames
+        self.times = times  # profiling times
+        self.xyxy = pred  # xyxy pixels
+        self.xywh = [xyxy2xywh(x) for x in pred]  # xywh pixels
+        self.xyxyn = [x / g for x, g in zip(self.xyxy, gn)]  # xyxy normalized
+        self.xywhn = [x / g for x, g in zip(self.xywh, gn)]  # xywh normalized
+        self.n = len(self.pred)  # number of images (batch size)
+        self.t = tuple(x.t / self.n * 1e3 for x in times)  # timestamps (ms)
+        self.s = tuple(shape)  # inference BCHW shape
+
+    def _run(self, pprint=False, show=False, save=False, crop=False, render=False, labels=True, save_dir=Path("")):
+        """Executes model predictions, displaying and/or saving outputs with optional crops and labels."""
+        s, crops = "", []
+        for i, (im, pred) in enumerate(zip(self.ims, self.pred)):
+            s += f"\nimage {i + 1}/{len(self.pred)}: {im.shape[0]}x{im.shape[1]} "  # string
+            if pred.shape[0]:
+                for c in pred[:, -1].unique():
+                    n = (pred[:, -1] == c).sum()  # detections per class
+                    s += f"{n} {self.names[int(c)]}{'s' * (n > 1)}, "  # add to string
+                s = s.rstrip(", ")
+                if show or save or render or crop:
+                    annotator = Annotator(im, example=str(self.names))
+                    for *box, conf, cls in reversed(pred):  # xyxy, confidence, class
+                        label = f"{self.names[int(cls)]} {conf:.2f}"
+                        if crop:
+                            file = save_dir / "crops" / self.names[int(cls)] / self.files[i] if save else None
+                            crops.append(
+                                {
+                                    "box": box,
+                                    "conf": conf,
+                                    "cls": cls,
+                                    "label": label,
+                                    "im": save_one_box(box, im, file=file, save=save),
+                                }
+                            )
+                        else:  # all others
+                            annotator.box_label(box, label if labels else "", color=colors(cls))
+                    im = annotator.im
+            else:
+                s += "(no detections)"
+
+            im = Image.fromarray(im.astype(np.uint8)) if isinstance(im, np.ndarray) else im  # from np
+            if show:
+                if is_jupyter():
+                    from IPython.display import display
+
+                    display(im)
+                else:
+                    im.show(self.files[i])
+            if save:
+                f = self.files[i]
+                im.save(save_dir / f)  # save
+                if i == self.n - 1:
+                    LOGGER.info(f"Saved {self.n} image{'s' * (self.n > 1)} to {colorstr('bold', save_dir)}")
+            if render:
+                self.ims[i] = np.asarray(im)
+        if pprint:
+            s = s.lstrip("\n")
+            return f"{s}\nSpeed: %.1fms pre-process, %.1fms inference, %.1fms NMS per image at shape {self.s}" % self.t
+        if crop:
+            if save:
+                LOGGER.info(f"Saved results to {save_dir}\n")
+            return crops
+
+    @TryExcept("Showing images is not supported in this environment")
+    def show(self, labels=True):
+        """Displays detection results with optional labels.
+
+        Usage: show(labels=True)
+        """
+        self._run(show=True, labels=labels)  # show results
+
+    def save(self, labels=True, save_dir="runs/detect/exp", exist_ok=False):
+        """Saves detection results with optional labels to a specified directory.
+
+        Usage: save(labels=True, save_dir='runs/detect/exp', exist_ok=False)
+        """
+        save_dir = increment_path(save_dir, exist_ok, mkdir=True)  # increment save_dir
+        self._run(save=True, labels=labels, save_dir=save_dir)  # save results
+
+    def crop(self, save=True, save_dir="runs/detect/exp", exist_ok=False):
+        """Crops detection results, optionally saves them to a directory.
+
+        Args: save (bool), save_dir (str), exist_ok (bool).
+        """
+        save_dir = increment_path(save_dir, exist_ok, mkdir=True) if save else None
+        return self._run(crop=True, save=save, save_dir=save_dir)  # crop results
+
+    def render(self, labels=True):
+        """Renders detection results with optional labels on images; args: labels (bool) indicating label inclusion."""
+        self._run(render=True, labels=labels)  # render results
+        return self.ims
+
+    def pandas(self):
+        """Returns detections as pandas DataFrames for various box formats (xyxy, xyxyn, xywh, xywhn).
+
+        Example: print(results.pandas().xyxy[0]).
+        """
+        new = copy(self)  # return copy
+        ca = "xmin", "ymin", "xmax", "ymax", "confidence", "class", "name"  # xyxy columns
+        cb = "xcenter", "ycenter", "width", "height", "confidence", "class", "name"  # xywh columns
+        for k, c in zip(["xyxy", "xyxyn", "xywh", "xywhn"], [ca, ca, cb, cb]):
+            a = [[[*x[:5], int(x[5]), self.names[int(x[5])]] for x in x.tolist()] for x in getattr(self, k)]  # update
+            setattr(new, k, [pd.DataFrame(x, columns=c) for x in a])
+        return new
+
+    def tolist(self):
+        """Converts a Detections object into a list of individual detection results for iteration.
+
+        Example: for result in results.tolist():
+        """
+        r = range(self.n)  # iterable
+        return [
+            Detections(
+                [self.ims[i]],
+                [self.pred[i]],
+                [self.files[i]],
+                self.times,
+                self.names,
+                self.s,
+            )
+            for i in r
+        ]
+
+    def print(self):
+        """Logs the string representation of the current object's state via the LOGGER."""
+        LOGGER.info(self.__str__())
+
+    def __len__(self):
+        """Returns the number of results stored, overrides the default len(results)."""
+        return self.n
+
+    def __str__(self):
+        """Returns a string representation of the model's results, suitable for printing, overrides default
+        print(results).
+        """
+        return self._run(pprint=True)  # print results
+
+    def __repr__(self):
+        """Returns a string representation of the YOLOv5 object, including its class and formatted results."""
+        return f"YOLOv5 {self.__class__} instance\n" + self.__str__()
+
+
+class Proto(nn.Module):
+    """YOLOv5 mask Proto module for segmentation models, performing convolutions and upsampling on input tensors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c_=256, c2=32):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 Proto module for segmentation with input, proto, and mask channels configuration."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.cv1 = Conv(c1, c_, k=3)
+        self.upsample = nn.Upsample(scale_factor=2, mode="nearest")
+        self.cv2 = Conv(c_, c_, k=3)
+        self.cv3 = Conv(c_, c2)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Performs a forward pass using convolutional layers and upsampling on input tensor `x`."""
+        return self.cv3(self.cv2(self.upsample(self.cv1(x))))
+
+
+class Classify(nn.Module):
+    """YOLOv5 classification head with convolution, pooling, and dropout layers for channel transformation."""
+
+    def __init__(
+        self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, dropout_p=0.0
+    ):  # ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups, dropout probability
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 classification head with convolution, pooling, and dropout layers for input to output
+        channel transformation.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = 1280  # efficientnet_b0 size
+        self.conv = Conv(c1, c_, k, s, autopad(k, p), g)
+        self.pool = nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d(1)  # to x(b,c_,1,1)
+        self.drop = nn.Dropout(p=dropout_p, inplace=True)
+        self.linear = nn.Linear(c_, c2)  # to x(b,c2)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through conv, pool, drop, and linear layers; supports list concatenation input."""
+        if isinstance(x, list):
+            x = torch.cat(x, 1)
+        return self.linear(self.drop(self.pool(self.conv(x)).flatten(1)))

models/experimental.py

@@ -0,0 +1,130 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+"""Experimental modules."""
+
+import math
+
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from ultralytics.utils.patches import torch_load
+
+from utils.downloads import attempt_download
+
+
+class Sum(nn.Module):
+    """Weighted sum of 2 or more layers https://arxiv.org/abs/1911.09070."""
+
+    def __init__(self, n, weight=False):
+        """Initializes a module to sum outputs of layers with number of inputs `n` and optional weighting, supporting 2+
+        inputs.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.weight = weight  # apply weights boolean
+        self.iter = range(n - 1)  # iter object
+        if weight:
+            self.w = nn.Parameter(-torch.arange(1.0, n) / 2, requires_grad=True)  # layer weights
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through a customizable weighted sum of `n` inputs, optionally applying learned weights."""
+        y = x[0]  # no weight
+        if self.weight:
+            w = torch.sigmoid(self.w) * 2
+            for i in self.iter:
+                y = y + x[i + 1] * w[i]
+        else:
+            for i in self.iter:
+                y = y + x[i + 1]
+        return y
+
+
+class MixConv2d(nn.Module):
+    """Mixed Depth-wise Conv https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.09595."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=(1, 3), s=1, equal_ch=True):
+        """Initializes MixConv2d with mixed depth-wise convolutional layers, taking input and output channels (c1, c2),
+        kernel sizes (k), stride (s), and channel distribution strategy (equal_ch).
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        n = len(k)  # number of convolutions
+        if equal_ch:  # equal c_ per group
+            i = torch.linspace(0, n - 1e-6, c2).floor()  # c2 indices
+            c_ = [(i == g).sum() for g in range(n)]  # intermediate channels
+        else:  # equal weight.numel() per group
+            b = [c2] + [0] * n
+            a = np.eye(n + 1, n, k=-1)
+            a -= np.roll(a, 1, axis=1)
+            a *= np.array(k) ** 2
+            a[0] = 1
+            c_ = np.linalg.lstsq(a, b, rcond=None)[0].round()  # solve for equal weight indices, ax = b
+
+        self.m = nn.ModuleList(
+            [nn.Conv2d(c1, int(c_), k, s, k // 2, groups=math.gcd(c1, int(c_)), bias=False) for k, c_ in zip(k, c_)]
+        )
+        self.bn = nn.BatchNorm2d(c2)
+        self.act = nn.SiLU()
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Performs forward pass by applying SiLU activation on batch-normalized concatenated convolutional layer
+        outputs.
+        """
+        return self.act(self.bn(torch.cat([m(x) for m in self.m], 1)))
+
+
+class Ensemble(nn.ModuleList):
+    """Ensemble of models."""
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initializes an ensemble of models to be used for aggregated predictions."""
+        super().__init__()
+
+    def forward(self, x, augment=False, profile=False, visualize=False):
+        """Performs forward pass aggregating outputs from an ensemble of models.."""
+        y = [module(x, augment, profile, visualize)[0] for module in self]
+        # y = torch.stack(y).max(0)[0]  # max ensemble
+        # y = torch.stack(y).mean(0)  # mean ensemble
+        y = torch.cat(y, 1)  # nms ensemble
+        return y, None  # inference, train output
+
+
+def attempt_load(weights, device=None, inplace=True, fuse=True):
+    """Loads and fuses an ensemble or single YOLOv5 model from weights, handling device placement and model adjustments.
+
+    Example inputs: weights=[a,b,c] or a single model weights=[a] or weights=a.
+    """
+    from models.yolo import Detect, Model
+
+    model = Ensemble()
+    for w in weights if isinstance(weights, list) else [weights]:
+        ckpt = torch_load(attempt_download(w), map_location="cpu")  # load
+        ckpt = (ckpt.get("ema") or ckpt["model"]).to(device).float()  # FP32 model
+
+        # Model compatibility updates
+        if not hasattr(ckpt, "stride"):
+            ckpt.stride = torch.tensor([32.0])
+        if hasattr(ckpt, "names") and isinstance(ckpt.names, (list, tuple)):
+            ckpt.names = dict(enumerate(ckpt.names))  # convert to dict
+
+        model.append(ckpt.fuse().eval() if fuse and hasattr(ckpt, "fuse") else ckpt.eval())  # model in eval mode
+
+    # Module updates
+    for m in model.modules():
+        t = type(m)
+        if t in (nn.Hardswish, nn.LeakyReLU, nn.ReLU, nn.ReLU6, nn.SiLU, Detect, Model):
+            m.inplace = inplace
+            if t is Detect and not isinstance(m.anchor_grid, list):
+                delattr(m, "anchor_grid")
+                setattr(m, "anchor_grid", [torch.zeros(1)] * m.nl)
+        elif t is nn.Upsample and not hasattr(m, "recompute_scale_factor"):
+            m.recompute_scale_factor = None  # torch 1.11.0 compatibility
+
+    # Return model
+    if len(model) == 1:
+        return model[-1]
+
+    # Return detection ensemble
+    print(f"Ensemble created with {weights}\n")
+    for k in "names", "nc", "yaml":
+        setattr(model, k, getattr(model[0], k))
+    model.stride = model[torch.argmax(torch.tensor([m.stride.max() for m in model])).int()].stride  # max stride
+    assert all(model[0].nc == m.nc for m in model), f"Models have different class counts: {[m.nc for m in model]}"
+    return model

models/hub/anchors.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Default anchors for COCO data
+
+# P5 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# P5-640:
+anchors_p5_640:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# P6 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# P6-640:  thr=0.25: 0.9964 BPR, 5.54 anchors past thr, n=12, img_size=640, metric_all=0.281/0.716-mean/best, past_thr=0.469-mean: 9,11,  21,19,  17,41,  43,32,  39,70,  86,64,  65,131,  134,130,  120,265,  282,180,  247,354,  512,387
+anchors_p6_640:
+  - [9, 11, 21, 19, 17, 41] # P3/8
+  - [43, 32, 39, 70, 86, 64] # P4/16
+  - [65, 131, 134, 130, 120, 265] # P5/32
+  - [282, 180, 247, 354, 512, 387] # P6/64
+
+# P6-1280:  thr=0.25: 0.9950 BPR, 5.55 anchors past thr, n=12, img_size=1280, metric_all=0.281/0.714-mean/best, past_thr=0.468-mean: 19,27,  44,40,  38,94,  96,68,  86,152,  180,137,  140,301,  303,264,  238,542,  436,615,  739,380,  925,792
+anchors_p6_1280:
+  - [19, 27, 44, 40, 38, 94] # P3/8
+  - [96, 68, 86, 152, 180, 137] # P4/16
+  - [140, 301, 303, 264, 238, 542] # P5/32
+  - [436, 615, 739, 380, 925, 792] # P6/64
+
+# P6-1920:  thr=0.25: 0.9950 BPR, 5.55 anchors past thr, n=12, img_size=1920, metric_all=0.281/0.714-mean/best, past_thr=0.468-mean: 28,41,  67,59,  57,141,  144,103,  129,227,  270,205,  209,452,  455,396,  358,812,  653,922,  1109,570,  1387,1187
+anchors_p6_1920:
+  - [28, 41, 67, 59, 57, 141] # P3/8
+  - [144, 103, 129, 227, 270, 205] # P4/16
+  - [209, 452, 455, 396, 358, 812] # P5/32
+  - [653, 922, 1109, 570, 1387, 1187] # P6/64
+
+# P7 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# P7-640:  thr=0.25: 0.9962 BPR, 6.76 anchors past thr, n=15, img_size=640, metric_all=0.275/0.733-mean/best, past_thr=0.466-mean: 11,11,  13,30,  29,20,  30,46,  61,38,  39,92,  78,80,  146,66,  79,163,  149,150,  321,143,  157,303,  257,402,  359,290,  524,372
+anchors_p7_640:
+  - [11, 11, 13, 30, 29, 20] # P3/8
+  - [30, 46, 61, 38, 39, 92] # P4/16
+  - [78, 80, 146, 66, 79, 163] # P5/32
+  - [149, 150, 321, 143, 157, 303] # P6/64
+  - [257, 402, 359, 290, 524, 372] # P7/128
+
+# P7-1280:  thr=0.25: 0.9968 BPR, 6.71 anchors past thr, n=15, img_size=1280, metric_all=0.273/0.732-mean/best, past_thr=0.463-mean: 19,22,  54,36,  32,77,  70,83,  138,71,  75,173,  165,159,  148,334,  375,151,  334,317,  251,626,  499,474,  750,326,  534,814,  1079,818
+anchors_p7_1280:
+  - [19, 22, 54, 36, 32, 77] # P3/8
+  - [70, 83, 138, 71, 75, 173] # P4/16
+  - [165, 159, 148, 334, 375, 151] # P5/32
+  - [334, 317, 251, 626, 499, 474] # P6/64
+  - [750, 326, 534, 814, 1079, 818] # P7/128
+
+# P7-1920:  thr=0.25: 0.9968 BPR, 6.71 anchors past thr, n=15, img_size=1920, metric_all=0.273/0.732-mean/best, past_thr=0.463-mean: 29,34,  81,55,  47,115,  105,124,  207,107,  113,259,  247,238,  222,500,  563,227,  501,476,  376,939,  749,711,  1126,489,  801,1222,  1618,1227
+anchors_p7_1920:
+  - [29, 34, 81, 55, 47, 115] # P3/8
+  - [105, 124, 207, 107, 113, 259] # P4/16
+  - [247, 238, 222, 500, 563, 227] # P5/32
+  - [501, 476, 376, 939, 749, 711] # P6/64
+  - [1126, 489, 801, 1222, 1618, 1227] # P7/128

models/hub/yolov3-spp.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# darknet53 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]], # 0
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]], # 1-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [64]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 3-P2/4
+    [-1, 2, Bottleneck, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 5-P3/8
+    [-1, 8, Bottleneck, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 7-P4/16
+    [-1, 8, Bottleneck, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P5/32
+    [-1, 4, Bottleneck, [1024]], # 10
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv3-SPP head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [1024, False]],
+    [-1, 1, SPP, [512, [5, 9, 13]]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]], # 15 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]], # 22 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [256, False]],
+    [-1, 2, Bottleneck, [256, False]], # 27 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [[27, 22, 15], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov3-tiny.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 14, 23, 27, 37, 58] # P4/16
+  - [81, 82, 135, 169, 344, 319] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv3-tiny backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [16, 3, 1]], # 0
+    [-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 1-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 3-P2/4
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 5-P3/8
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 7-P4/16
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 2, 0]], # 9-P5/32
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.ZeroPad2d, [[0, 1, 0, 1]]], # 11
+    [-1, 1, nn.MaxPool2d, [2, 1, 0]], # 12
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv3-tiny head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]], # 15 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 1]], # 19 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [[19, 15], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov3.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# darknet53 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [32, 3, 1]], # 0
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 3, 2]], # 1-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [64]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 3-P2/4
+    [-1, 2, Bottleneck, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 5-P3/8
+    [-1, 8, Bottleneck, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 7-P4/16
+    [-1, 8, Bottleneck, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P5/32
+    [-1, 4, Bottleneck, [1024]], # 10
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv3 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [1024, False]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 1]], # 15 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-2, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [512, False]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 1]], # 22 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-2, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 1, Bottleneck, [256, False]],
+    [-1, 2, Bottleneck, [256, False]], # 27 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [[27, 22, 15], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5-bifpn.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 BiFPN head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat P4 <--- BiFPN change
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5-fpn.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 FPN head
+head: [
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 10 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 14 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 18 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [[18, 14, 10], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5-p2.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors: 3 # AutoAnchor evolves 3 anchors per P output layer
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head with (P2, P3, P4, P5) outputs
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 2], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P2
+    [-1, 1, C3, [128, False]], # 21 (P2/4-xsmall)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 18], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 24 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 27 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 30 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[21, 24, 27, 30], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P2, P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5-p34.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
+anchors: 3 # AutoAnchor evolves 3 anchors per P output layer
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head with (P3, P4) outputs
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [[17, 20], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5-p6.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors: 3 # AutoAnchor evolves 3 anchors per P output layer
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P6/64
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 11
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head with (P3, P4, P5, P6) outputs
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 15
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 19
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 23 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 20], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 26 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 16], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 29 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 32 (P6/64-xlarge)
+
+    [[23, 26, 29, 32], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5, P6)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5-p7.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors: 3 # AutoAnchor evolves 3 anchors per P output layer
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P6/64
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1280, 3, 2]], # 11-P7/128
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1280]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1280, 5]], # 13
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head with (P3, P4, P5, P6, P7) outputs
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 17
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 21
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 25
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 29 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 26], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 32 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 22], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 35 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 18], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 38 (P6/64-xlarge)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P7
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1280, False]], # 41 (P7/128-xxlarge)
+
+    [[29, 32, 35, 38, 41], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5, P6, P7)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5-panet.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 PANet head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5l6.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [19, 27, 44, 40, 38, 94] # P3/8
+  - [96, 68, 86, 152, 180, 137] # P4/16
+  - [140, 301, 303, 264, 238, 542] # P5/32
+  - [436, 615, 739, 380, 925, 792] # P6/64
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P6/64
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 11
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 15
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 19
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 23 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 20], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 26 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 16], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 29 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 32 (P6/64-xlarge)
+
+    [[23, 26, 29, 32], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5, P6)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5m6.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.67 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.75 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [19, 27, 44, 40, 38, 94] # P3/8
+  - [96, 68, 86, 152, 180, 137] # P4/16
+  - [140, 301, 303, 264, 238, 542] # P5/32
+  - [436, 615, 739, 380, 925, 792] # P6/64
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P6/64
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 11
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 15
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 19
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 23 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 20], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 26 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 16], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 29 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 32 (P6/64-xlarge)
+
+    [[23, 26, 29, 32], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5, P6)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5n6.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.25 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [19, 27, 44, 40, 38, 94] # P3/8
+  - [96, 68, 86, 152, 180, 137] # P4/16
+  - [140, 301, 303, 264, 238, 542] # P5/32
+  - [436, 615, 739, 380, 925, 792] # P6/64
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P6/64
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 11
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 15
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 19
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 23 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 20], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 26 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 16], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 29 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 32 (P6/64-xlarge)
+
+    [[23, 26, 29, 32], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5, P6)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5s-LeakyReLU.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+activation: nn.LeakyReLU(0.1) # <----- Conv() activation used throughout entire YOLOv5 model
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5s-ghost.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3Ghost, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3Ghost, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3Ghost, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3Ghost, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3Ghost, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3Ghost, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3Ghost, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, GhostConv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3Ghost, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5s-transformer.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3TR, [1024]], # 9 <--- C3TR() Transformer module
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5s6.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [19, 27, 44, 40, 38, 94] # P3/8
+  - [96, 68, 86, 152, 180, 137] # P4/16
+  - [140, 301, 303, 264, 238, 542] # P5/32
+  - [436, 615, 739, 380, 925, 792] # P6/64
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P6/64
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 11
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 15
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 19
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 23 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 20], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 26 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 16], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 29 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 32 (P6/64-xlarge)
+
+    [[23, 26, 29, 32], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5, P6)
+  ]

models/hub/yolov5x6.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.25 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [19, 27, 44, 40, 38, 94] # P3/8
+  - [96, 68, 86, 152, 180, 137] # P4/16
+  - [140, 301, 303, 264, 238, 542] # P5/32
+  - [436, 615, 739, 380, 925, 792] # P6/64
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 9-P6/64
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 11
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 8], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 15
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 19
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 23 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 20], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 26 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 16], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [768, False]], # 29 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [768, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 12], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P6
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 32 (P6/64-xlarge)
+
+    [[23, 26, 29, 32], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5, P6)
+  ]

models/segment/yolov5l-seg.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, anchors, 32, 256]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/segment/yolov5m-seg.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.67 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.75 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, anchors, 32, 256]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/segment/yolov5n-seg.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.25 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, anchors, 32, 256]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/segment/yolov5s-seg.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.5 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, anchors, 32, 256]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/segment/yolov5x-seg.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.25 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Segment, [nc, anchors, 32, 256]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/tf.py

@@ -0,0 +1,775 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+"""
+TensorFlow, Keras and TFLite versions of YOLOv5
+Authored by https://github.com/zldrobit in PR https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/pull/1127.
+
+Usage:
+    $ python models/tf.py --weights yolov5s.pt
+
+Export:
+    $ python export.py --weights yolov5s.pt --include saved_model pb tflite tfjs
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import sys
+from copy import deepcopy
+from pathlib import Path
+
+FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
+ROOT = FILE.parents[1]  # YOLOv5 root directory
+if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(ROOT))  # add ROOT to PATH
+# ROOT = ROOT.relative_to(Path.cwd())  # relative
+
+import numpy as np
+import tensorflow as tf
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+from tensorflow import keras
+
+from models.common import (
+    C3,
+    SPP,
+    SPPF,
+    Bottleneck,
+    BottleneckCSP,
+    C3x,
+    Concat,
+    Conv,
+    CrossConv,
+    DWConv,
+    DWConvTranspose2d,
+    Focus,
+    autopad,
+)
+from models.experimental import MixConv2d, attempt_load
+from models.yolo import Detect, Segment
+from utils.activations import SiLU
+from utils.general import LOGGER, make_divisible, print_args
+
+
+class TFBN(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """TensorFlow BatchNormalization wrapper for initializing with optional pretrained weights."""
+
+    def __init__(self, w=None):
+        """Initializes a TensorFlow BatchNormalization layer with optional pretrained weights."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.bn = keras.layers.BatchNormalization(
+            beta_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.bias.numpy()),
+            gamma_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.weight.numpy()),
+            moving_mean_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.running_mean.numpy()),
+            moving_variance_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.running_var.numpy()),
+            epsilon=w.eps,
+        )
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Applies batch normalization to the inputs."""
+        return self.bn(inputs)
+
+
+class TFPad(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Pads input tensors in spatial dimensions 1 and 2 with specified integer or tuple padding values."""
+
+    def __init__(self, pad):
+        """Initializes a padding layer for spatial dimensions 1 and 2 with specified padding, supporting both int and
+        tuple inputs.
+
+        Inputs are
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(pad, int):
+            self.pad = tf.constant([[0, 0], [pad, pad], [pad, pad], [0, 0]])
+        else:  # tuple/list
+            self.pad = tf.constant([[0, 0], [pad[0], pad[0]], [pad[1], pad[1]], [0, 0]])
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Pads input tensor with zeros using specified padding, suitable for int and tuple pad dimensions."""
+        return tf.pad(inputs, self.pad, mode="constant", constant_values=0)
+
+
+class TFConv(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a standard convolutional layer with optional batch normalization and activation for TensorFlow."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True, w=None):
+        """Initializes a standard convolution layer with optional batch normalization and activation; supports only
+        group=1.
+
+        Inputs are ch_in, ch_out, weights, kernel, stride, padding, groups.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        assert g == 1, "TF v2.2 Conv2D does not support 'groups' argument"
+        # TensorFlow convolution padding is inconsistent with PyTorch (e.g. k=3 s=2 'SAME' padding)
+        # see https://stackoverflow.com/questions/52975843/comparing-conv2d-with-padding-between-tensorflow-and-pytorch
+        conv = keras.layers.Conv2D(
+            filters=c2,
+            kernel_size=k,
+            strides=s,
+            padding="SAME" if s == 1 else "VALID",
+            use_bias=not hasattr(w, "bn"),
+            kernel_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.conv.weight.permute(2, 3, 1, 0).numpy()),
+            bias_initializer="zeros" if hasattr(w, "bn") else keras.initializers.Constant(w.conv.bias.numpy()),
+        )
+        self.conv = conv if s == 1 else keras.Sequential([TFPad(autopad(k, p)), conv])
+        self.bn = TFBN(w.bn) if hasattr(w, "bn") else tf.identity
+        self.act = activations(w.act) if act else tf.identity
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Applies convolution, batch normalization, and activation function to input tensors."""
+        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(inputs)))
+
+
+class TFDWConv(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Initializes a depthwise convolution layer with optional batch normalization and activation for TensorFlow."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, act=True, w=None):
+        """Initializes a depthwise convolution layer with optional batch normalization and activation for TensorFlow
+        models.
+
+        Input are ch_in, ch_out, weights, kernel, stride, padding, groups.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        assert c2 % c1 == 0, f"TFDWConv() output={c2} must be a multiple of input={c1} channels"
+        conv = keras.layers.DepthwiseConv2D(
+            kernel_size=k,
+            depth_multiplier=c2 // c1,
+            strides=s,
+            padding="SAME" if s == 1 else "VALID",
+            use_bias=not hasattr(w, "bn"),
+            depthwise_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.conv.weight.permute(2, 3, 1, 0).numpy()),
+            bias_initializer="zeros" if hasattr(w, "bn") else keras.initializers.Constant(w.conv.bias.numpy()),
+        )
+        self.conv = conv if s == 1 else keras.Sequential([TFPad(autopad(k, p)), conv])
+        self.bn = TFBN(w.bn) if hasattr(w, "bn") else tf.identity
+        self.act = activations(w.act) if act else tf.identity
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Applies convolution, batch normalization, and activation function to input tensors."""
+        return self.act(self.bn(self.conv(inputs)))
+
+
+class TFDWConvTranspose2d(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a depthwise ConvTranspose2D layer for TensorFlow with specific settings."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p1=0, p2=0, w=None):
+        """Initializes depthwise ConvTranspose2D layer with specific channel, kernel, stride, and padding settings.
+
+        Inputs are ch_in, ch_out, weights, kernel, stride, padding, groups.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        assert c1 == c2, f"TFDWConv() output={c2} must be equal to input={c1} channels"
+        assert k == 4 and p1 == 1, "TFDWConv() only valid for k=4 and p1=1"
+        weight, bias = w.weight.permute(2, 3, 1, 0).numpy(), w.bias.numpy()
+        self.c1 = c1
+        self.conv = [
+            keras.layers.Conv2DTranspose(
+                filters=1,
+                kernel_size=k,
+                strides=s,
+                padding="VALID",
+                output_padding=p2,
+                use_bias=True,
+                kernel_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(weight[..., i : i + 1]),
+                bias_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(bias[i]),
+            )
+            for i in range(c1)
+        ]
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Processes input through parallel convolutions and concatenates results, trimming border pixels."""
+        return tf.concat([m(x) for m, x in zip(self.conv, tf.split(inputs, self.c1, 3))], 3)[:, 1:-1, 1:-1]
+
+
+class TFFocus(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Focuses spatial information into channel space using pixel shuffling and convolution for TensorFlow models."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=1, s=1, p=None, g=1, act=True, w=None):
+        """Initializes TFFocus layer to focus width and height information into channel space with custom convolution
+        parameters.
+
+        Inputs are ch_in, ch_out, kernel, stride, padding, groups.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.conv = TFConv(c1 * 4, c2, k, s, p, g, act, w.conv)
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Performs pixel shuffling and convolution on input tensor, downsampling by 2 and expanding channels by 4.
+
+        Example x(b,w,h,c) -> y(b,w/2,h/2,4c).
+        """
+        inputs = [inputs[:, ::2, ::2, :], inputs[:, 1::2, ::2, :], inputs[:, ::2, 1::2, :], inputs[:, 1::2, 1::2, :]]
+        return self.conv(tf.concat(inputs, 3))
+
+
+class TFBottleneck(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a TensorFlow bottleneck layer with optional shortcut connections for efficient feature extraction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5, w=None):
+        """Initializes a standard bottleneck layer for TensorFlow models, expanding and contracting channels with
+        optional shortcut.
+
+        Arguments are ch_in, ch_out, shortcut, groups, expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv1)
+        self.cv2 = TFConv(c_, c2, 3, 1, g=g, w=w.cv2)
+        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Performs forward pass; if shortcut is True & input/output channels match, adds input to the convolution
+        result.
+        """
+        return inputs + self.cv2(self.cv1(inputs)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(inputs))
+
+
+class TFCrossConv(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a cross convolutional layer with optional expansion, grouping, and shortcut for TensorFlow."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=3, s=1, g=1, e=1.0, shortcut=False, w=None):
+        """Initializes cross convolution layer with optional expansion, grouping, and shortcut addition capabilities."""
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, (1, k), (1, s), w=w.cv1)
+        self.cv2 = TFConv(c_, c2, (k, 1), (s, 1), g=g, w=w.cv2)
+        self.add = shortcut and c1 == c2
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Passes input through two convolutions optionally adding the input if channel dimensions match."""
+        return inputs + self.cv2(self.cv1(inputs)) if self.add else self.cv2(self.cv1(inputs))
+
+
+class TFConv2d(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a TensorFlow 2D convolution layer, mimicking PyTorch's nn.Conv2D for specified filters and stride."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k, s=1, g=1, bias=True, w=None):
+        """Initializes a TensorFlow 2D convolution layer, mimicking PyTorch's nn.Conv2D functionality for given filter
+        sizes and stride.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        assert g == 1, "TF v2.2 Conv2D does not support 'groups' argument"
+        self.conv = keras.layers.Conv2D(
+            filters=c2,
+            kernel_size=k,
+            strides=s,
+            padding="VALID",
+            use_bias=bias,
+            kernel_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.weight.permute(2, 3, 1, 0).numpy()),
+            bias_initializer=keras.initializers.Constant(w.bias.numpy()) if bias else None,
+        )
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Applies a convolution operation to the inputs and returns the result."""
+        return self.conv(inputs)
+
+
+class TFBottleneckCSP(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a CSP bottleneck layer for TensorFlow models to enhance gradient flow and efficiency."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5, w=None):
+        """Initializes CSP bottleneck layer with specified channel sizes, count, shortcut option, groups, and expansion
+        ratio.
+
+        Inputs are ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv1)
+        self.cv2 = TFConv2d(c1, c_, 1, 1, bias=False, w=w.cv2)
+        self.cv3 = TFConv2d(c_, c_, 1, 1, bias=False, w=w.cv3)
+        self.cv4 = TFConv(2 * c_, c2, 1, 1, w=w.cv4)
+        self.bn = TFBN(w.bn)
+        self.act = lambda x: keras.activations.swish(x)
+        self.m = keras.Sequential([TFBottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0, w=w.m[j]) for j in range(n)])
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Processes input through the model layers, concatenates, normalizes, activates, and reduces the output
+        dimensions.
+        """
+        y1 = self.cv3(self.m(self.cv1(inputs)))
+        y2 = self.cv2(inputs)
+        return self.cv4(self.act(self.bn(tf.concat((y1, y2), axis=3))))
+
+
+class TFC3(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """CSP bottleneck layer with 3 convolutions for TensorFlow, supporting optional shortcuts and group convolutions."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5, w=None):
+        """Initializes CSP Bottleneck with 3 convolutions, supporting optional shortcuts and group convolutions.
+
+        Inputs are ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv1)
+        self.cv2 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv2)
+        self.cv3 = TFConv(2 * c_, c2, 1, 1, w=w.cv3)
+        self.m = keras.Sequential([TFBottleneck(c_, c_, shortcut, g, e=1.0, w=w.m[j]) for j in range(n)])
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Processes input through a sequence of transformations for object detection (YOLOv5).
+
+        See https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5.
+        """
+        return self.cv3(tf.concat((self.m(self.cv1(inputs)), self.cv2(inputs)), axis=3))
+
+
+class TFC3x(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """A TensorFlow layer for enhanced feature extraction using cross-convolutions in object detection models."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, n=1, shortcut=True, g=1, e=0.5, w=None):
+        """Initializes layer with cross-convolutions for enhanced feature extraction in object detection models.
+
+        Inputs are ch_in, ch_out, number, shortcut, groups, expansion.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = int(c2 * e)  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv1)
+        self.cv2 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv2)
+        self.cv3 = TFConv(2 * c_, c2, 1, 1, w=w.cv3)
+        self.m = keras.Sequential(
+            [TFCrossConv(c_, c_, k=3, s=1, g=g, e=1.0, shortcut=shortcut, w=w.m[j]) for j in range(n)]
+        )
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Processes input through cascaded convolutions and merges features, returning the final tensor output."""
+        return self.cv3(tf.concat((self.m(self.cv1(inputs)), self.cv2(inputs)), axis=3))
+
+
+class TFSPP(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements spatial pyramid pooling for YOLOv3-SPP with specific channels and kernel sizes."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=(5, 9, 13), w=None):
+        """Initializes a YOLOv3-SPP layer with specific input/output channels and kernel sizes for pooling."""
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = c1 // 2  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv1)
+        self.cv2 = TFConv(c_ * (len(k) + 1), c2, 1, 1, w=w.cv2)
+        self.m = [keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=x, strides=1, padding="SAME") for x in k]
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Processes input through two TFConv layers and concatenates with max-pooled outputs at intermediate stage."""
+        x = self.cv1(inputs)
+        return self.cv2(tf.concat([x] + [m(x) for m in self.m], 3))
+
+
+class TFSPPF(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a fast spatial pyramid pooling layer for TensorFlow with optimized feature extraction."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c2, k=5, w=None):
+        """Initialize a fast spatial pyramid pooling layer with customizable channels, kernel size, and weights."""
+        super().__init__()
+        c_ = c1 // 2  # hidden channels
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, 1, 1, w=w.cv1)
+        self.cv2 = TFConv(c_ * 4, c2, 1, 1, w=w.cv2)
+        self.m = keras.layers.MaxPool2D(pool_size=k, strides=1, padding="SAME")
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Executes the model's forward pass, concatenating input features with three max-pooled versions before final
+        convolution.
+        """
+        x = self.cv1(inputs)
+        y1 = self.m(x)
+        y2 = self.m(y1)
+        return self.cv2(tf.concat([x, y1, y2, self.m(y2)], 3))
+
+
+class TFDetect(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements YOLOv5 object detection layer in TensorFlow for predicting bounding boxes and class probabilities."""
+
+    def __init__(self, nc=80, anchors=(), ch=(), imgsz=(640, 640), w=None):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 detection layer for TensorFlow with configurable classes, anchors, channels, and image
+        size.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self.stride = tf.convert_to_tensor(w.stride.numpy(), dtype=tf.float32)
+        self.nc = nc  # number of classes
+        self.no = nc + 5  # number of outputs per anchor
+        self.nl = len(anchors)  # number of detection layers
+        self.na = len(anchors[0]) // 2  # number of anchors
+        self.grid = [tf.zeros(1)] * self.nl  # init grid
+        self.anchors = tf.convert_to_tensor(w.anchors.numpy(), dtype=tf.float32)
+        self.anchor_grid = tf.reshape(self.anchors * tf.reshape(self.stride, [self.nl, 1, 1]), [self.nl, 1, -1, 1, 2])
+        self.m = [TFConv2d(x, self.no * self.na, 1, w=w.m[i]) for i, x in enumerate(ch)]
+        self.training = False  # set to False after building model
+        self.imgsz = imgsz
+        for i in range(self.nl):
+            ny, nx = self.imgsz[0] // self.stride[i], self.imgsz[1] // self.stride[i]
+            self.grid[i] = self._make_grid(nx, ny)
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Performs forward pass through the model layers to predict object bounding boxes and classifications."""
+        z = []  # inference output
+        x = []
+        for i in range(self.nl):
+            x.append(self.m[i](inputs[i]))
+            # x(bs,20,20,255) to x(bs,3,20,20,85)
+            ny, nx = self.imgsz[0] // self.stride[i], self.imgsz[1] // self.stride[i]
+            x[i] = tf.reshape(x[i], [-1, ny * nx, self.na, self.no])
+
+            if not self.training:  # inference
+                y = x[i]
+                grid = tf.transpose(self.grid[i], [0, 2, 1, 3]) - 0.5
+                anchor_grid = tf.transpose(self.anchor_grid[i], [0, 2, 1, 3]) * 4
+                xy = (tf.sigmoid(y[..., 0:2]) * 2 + grid) * self.stride[i]  # xy
+                wh = tf.sigmoid(y[..., 2:4]) ** 2 * anchor_grid
+                # Normalize xywh to 0-1 to reduce calibration error
+                xy /= tf.constant([[self.imgsz[1], self.imgsz[0]]], dtype=tf.float32)
+                wh /= tf.constant([[self.imgsz[1], self.imgsz[0]]], dtype=tf.float32)
+                y = tf.concat([xy, wh, tf.sigmoid(y[..., 4 : 5 + self.nc]), y[..., 5 + self.nc :]], -1)
+                z.append(tf.reshape(y, [-1, self.na * ny * nx, self.no]))
+
+        return tf.transpose(x, [0, 2, 1, 3]) if self.training else (tf.concat(z, 1),)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _make_grid(nx=20, ny=20):
+        """Generates a 2D grid of coordinates in (x, y) format with shape [1, 1, ny*nx, 2]."""
+        # return torch.stack((xv, yv), 2).view((1, 1, ny, nx, 2)).float()
+        xv, yv = tf.meshgrid(tf.range(nx), tf.range(ny))
+        return tf.cast(tf.reshape(tf.stack([xv, yv], 2), [1, 1, ny * nx, 2]), dtype=tf.float32)
+
+
+class TFSegment(TFDetect):
+    """YOLOv5 segmentation head for TensorFlow, combining detection and segmentation."""
+
+    def __init__(self, nc=80, anchors=(), nm=32, npr=256, ch=(), imgsz=(640, 640), w=None):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 Segment head with specified channel depths, anchors, and input size for segmentation
+        models.
+        """
+        super().__init__(nc, anchors, ch, imgsz, w)
+        self.nm = nm  # number of masks
+        self.npr = npr  # number of protos
+        self.no = 5 + nc + self.nm  # number of outputs per anchor
+        self.m = [TFConv2d(x, self.no * self.na, 1, w=w.m[i]) for i, x in enumerate(ch)]  # output conv
+        self.proto = TFProto(ch[0], self.npr, self.nm, w=w.proto)  # protos
+        self.detect = TFDetect.call
+
+    def call(self, x):
+        """Applies detection and proto layers on input, returning detections and optionally protos if training."""
+        p = self.proto(x[0])
+        # p = TFUpsample(None, scale_factor=4, mode='nearest')(self.proto(x[0]))  # (optional) full-size protos
+        p = tf.transpose(p, [0, 3, 1, 2])  # from shape(1,160,160,32) to shape(1,32,160,160)
+        x = self.detect(self, x)
+        return (x, p) if self.training else (x[0], p)
+
+
+class TFProto(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements convolutional and upsampling layers for feature extraction in YOLOv5 segmentation."""
+
+    def __init__(self, c1, c_=256, c2=32, w=None):
+        """Initialize TFProto layer with convolutional and upsampling for feature extraction and transformation."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.cv1 = TFConv(c1, c_, k=3, w=w.cv1)
+        self.upsample = TFUpsample(None, scale_factor=2, mode="nearest")
+        self.cv2 = TFConv(c_, c_, k=3, w=w.cv2)
+        self.cv3 = TFConv(c_, c2, w=w.cv3)
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Performs forward pass through the model, applying convolutions and upscaling on input tensor."""
+        return self.cv3(self.cv2(self.upsample(self.cv1(inputs))))
+
+
+class TFUpsample(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements a TensorFlow upsampling layer with specified size, scale factor, and interpolation mode."""
+
+    def __init__(self, size, scale_factor, mode, w=None):
+        """Initializes a TensorFlow upsampling layer with specified size, scale_factor, and mode, ensuring scale_factor
+        is even.
+
+        Warning: all arguments needed including 'w'
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        assert scale_factor % 2 == 0, "scale_factor must be multiple of 2"
+        self.upsample = lambda x: tf.image.resize(x, (x.shape[1] * scale_factor, x.shape[2] * scale_factor), mode)
+        # self.upsample = keras.layers.UpSampling2D(size=scale_factor, interpolation=mode)
+        # with default arguments: align_corners=False, half_pixel_centers=False
+        # self.upsample = lambda x: tf.raw_ops.ResizeNearestNeighbor(images=x,
+        #                                                            size=(x.shape[1] * 2, x.shape[2] * 2))
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Applies upsample operation to inputs using nearest neighbor interpolation."""
+        return self.upsample(inputs)
+
+
+class TFConcat(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Implements TensorFlow's version of torch.concat() for concatenating tensors along the last dimension."""
+
+    def __init__(self, dimension=1, w=None):
+        """Initializes a TensorFlow layer for NCHW to NHWC concatenation, requiring dimension=1."""
+        super().__init__()
+        assert dimension == 1, "convert only NCHW to NHWC concat"
+        self.d = 3
+
+    def call(self, inputs):
+        """Concatenates a list of tensors along the last dimension, used for NCHW to NHWC conversion."""
+        return tf.concat(inputs, self.d)
+
+
+def parse_model(d, ch, model, imgsz):
+    """Parses a model definition dict `d` to create YOLOv5 model layers, including dynamic channel adjustments."""
+    LOGGER.info(f"\n{'':>3}{'from':>18}{'n':>3}{'params':>10}  {'module':<40}{'arguments':<30}")
+    anchors, nc, gd, gw, ch_mul = (
+        d["anchors"],
+        d["nc"],
+        d["depth_multiple"],
+        d["width_multiple"],
+        d.get("channel_multiple"),
+    )
+    na = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors  # number of anchors
+    no = na * (nc + 5)  # number of outputs = anchors * (classes + 5)
+    if not ch_mul:
+        ch_mul = 8
+
+    layers, save, c2 = [], [], ch[-1]  # layers, savelist, ch out
+    for i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d["backbone"] + d["head"]):  # from, number, module, args
+        m_str = m
+        m = eval(m) if isinstance(m, str) else m  # eval strings
+        for j, a in enumerate(args):
+            try:
+                args[j] = eval(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a  # eval strings
+            except NameError:
+                pass
+
+        n = max(round(n * gd), 1) if n > 1 else n  # depth gain
+        if m in [
+            nn.Conv2d,
+            Conv,
+            DWConv,
+            DWConvTranspose2d,
+            Bottleneck,
+            SPP,
+            SPPF,
+            MixConv2d,
+            Focus,
+            CrossConv,
+            BottleneckCSP,
+            C3,
+            C3x,
+        ]:
+            c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
+            c2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, ch_mul) if c2 != no else c2
+
+            args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]
+            if m in [BottleneckCSP, C3, C3x]:
+                args.insert(2, n)
+                n = 1
+        elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:
+            args = [ch[f]]
+        elif m is Concat:
+            c2 = sum(ch[-1 if x == -1 else x + 1] for x in f)
+        elif m in [Detect, Segment]:
+            args.append([ch[x + 1] for x in f])
+            if isinstance(args[1], int):  # number of anchors
+                args[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)
+            if m is Segment:
+                args[3] = make_divisible(args[3] * gw, ch_mul)
+            args.append(imgsz)
+        else:
+            c2 = ch[f]
+
+        tf_m = eval("TF" + m_str.replace("nn.", ""))
+        m_ = (
+            keras.Sequential([tf_m(*args, w=model.model[i][j]) for j in range(n)])
+            if n > 1
+            else tf_m(*args, w=model.model[i])
+        )  # module
+
+        torch_m_ = nn.Sequential(*(m(*args) for _ in range(n))) if n > 1 else m(*args)  # module
+        t = str(m)[8:-2].replace("__main__.", "")  # module type
+        np = sum(x.numel() for x in torch_m_.parameters())  # number params
+        m_.i, m_.f, m_.type, m_.np = i, f, t, np  # attach index, 'from' index, type, number params
+        LOGGER.info(f"{i:>3}{f!s:>18}{n!s:>3}{np:>10}  {t:<40}{args!s:<30}")  # print
+        save.extend(x % i for x in ([f] if isinstance(f, int) else f) if x != -1)  # append to savelist
+        layers.append(m_)
+        ch.append(c2)
+    return keras.Sequential(layers), sorted(save)
+
+
+class TFModel:
+    """Implements YOLOv5 model in TensorFlow, supporting TensorFlow, Keras, and TFLite formats for object detection."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cfg="yolov5s.yaml", ch=3, nc=None, model=None, imgsz=(640, 640)):
+        """Initialize TF YOLOv5 model with specified channels, classes, model instance, and input size."""
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(cfg, dict):
+            self.yaml = cfg  # model dict
+        else:  # is *.yaml
+            import yaml  # for torch hub
+
+            self.yaml_file = Path(cfg).name
+            with open(cfg) as f:
+                self.yaml = yaml.load(f, Loader=yaml.FullLoader)  # model dict
+
+        # Define model
+        if nc and nc != self.yaml["nc"]:
+            LOGGER.info(f"Overriding {cfg} nc={self.yaml['nc']} with nc={nc}")
+            self.yaml["nc"] = nc  # override yaml value
+        self.model, self.savelist = parse_model(deepcopy(self.yaml), ch=[ch], model=model, imgsz=imgsz)
+
+    def predict(
+        self,
+        inputs,
+        tf_nms=False,
+        agnostic_nms=False,
+        topk_per_class=100,
+        topk_all=100,
+        iou_thres=0.45,
+        conf_thres=0.25,
+    ):
+        """Runs inference on input data, with an option for TensorFlow NMS."""
+        y = []  # outputs
+        x = inputs
+        for m in self.model.layers:
+            if m.f != -1:  # if not from previous layer
+                x = y[m.f] if isinstance(m.f, int) else [x if j == -1 else y[j] for j in m.f]  # from earlier layers
+
+            x = m(x)  # run
+            y.append(x if m.i in self.savelist else None)  # save output
+
+        # Add TensorFlow NMS
+        if tf_nms:
+            boxes = self._xywh2xyxy(x[0][..., :4])
+            probs = x[0][:, :, 4:5]
+            classes = x[0][:, :, 5:]
+            scores = probs * classes
+            if agnostic_nms:
+                nms = AgnosticNMS()((boxes, classes, scores), topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres)
+            else:
+                boxes = tf.expand_dims(boxes, 2)
+                nms = tf.image.combined_non_max_suppression(
+                    boxes, scores, topk_per_class, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres, clip_boxes=False
+                )
+            return (nms,)
+        return x  # output [1,6300,85] = [xywh, conf, class0, class1, ...]
+        # x = x[0]  # [x(1,6300,85), ...] to x(6300,85)
+        # xywh = x[..., :4]  # x(6300,4) boxes
+        # conf = x[..., 4:5]  # x(6300,1) confidences
+        # cls = tf.reshape(tf.cast(tf.argmax(x[..., 5:], axis=1), tf.float32), (-1, 1))  # x(6300,1)  classes
+        # return tf.concat([conf, cls, xywh], 1)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _xywh2xyxy(xywh):
+        """Convert box format from [x, y, w, h] to [x1, y1, x2, y2], where xy1=top-left and xy2=bottom- right."""
+        x, y, w, h = tf.split(xywh, num_or_size_splits=4, axis=-1)
+        return tf.concat([x - w / 2, y - h / 2, x + w / 2, y + h / 2], axis=-1)
+
+
+class AgnosticNMS(keras.layers.Layer):
+    """Performs agnostic non-maximum suppression (NMS) on detected objects using IoU and confidence thresholds."""
+
+    def call(self, input, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres):
+        """Performs agnostic NMS on input tensors using given thresholds and top-K selection."""
+        return tf.map_fn(
+            lambda x: self._nms(x, topk_all, iou_thres, conf_thres),
+            input,
+            fn_output_signature=(tf.float32, tf.float32, tf.float32, tf.int32),
+            name="agnostic_nms",
+        )
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _nms(x, topk_all=100, iou_thres=0.45, conf_thres=0.25):
+        """Performs agnostic non-maximum suppression (NMS) on detected objects, filtering based on IoU and confidence
+        thresholds.
+        """
+        boxes, classes, scores = x
+        class_inds = tf.cast(tf.argmax(classes, axis=-1), tf.float32)
+        scores_inp = tf.reduce_max(scores, -1)
+        selected_inds = tf.image.non_max_suppression(
+            boxes, scores_inp, max_output_size=topk_all, iou_threshold=iou_thres, score_threshold=conf_thres
+        )
+        selected_boxes = tf.gather(boxes, selected_inds)
+        padded_boxes = tf.pad(
+            selected_boxes,
+            paddings=[[0, topk_all - tf.shape(selected_boxes)[0]], [0, 0]],
+            mode="CONSTANT",
+            constant_values=0.0,
+        )
+        selected_scores = tf.gather(scores_inp, selected_inds)
+        padded_scores = tf.pad(
+            selected_scores,
+            paddings=[[0, topk_all - tf.shape(selected_boxes)[0]]],
+            mode="CONSTANT",
+            constant_values=-1.0,
+        )
+        selected_classes = tf.gather(class_inds, selected_inds)
+        padded_classes = tf.pad(
+            selected_classes,
+            paddings=[[0, topk_all - tf.shape(selected_boxes)[0]]],
+            mode="CONSTANT",
+            constant_values=-1.0,
+        )
+        valid_detections = tf.shape(selected_inds)[0]
+        return padded_boxes, padded_scores, padded_classes, valid_detections
+
+
+def activations(act=nn.SiLU):
+    """Converts PyTorch activations to TensorFlow equivalents, supporting LeakyReLU, Hardswish, and SiLU/Swish."""
+    if isinstance(act, nn.LeakyReLU):
+        return lambda x: keras.activations.relu(x, alpha=0.1)
+    elif isinstance(act, nn.Hardswish):
+        return lambda x: x * tf.nn.relu6(x + 3) * 0.166666667
+    elif isinstance(act, (nn.SiLU, SiLU)):
+        return lambda x: keras.activations.swish(x)
+    else:
+        raise Exception(f"no matching TensorFlow activation found for PyTorch activation {act}")
+
+
+def representative_dataset_gen(dataset, ncalib=100):
+    """Generate representative dataset for calibration by yielding transformed numpy arrays from the input dataset."""
+    for n, (path, img, im0s, vid_cap, string) in enumerate(dataset):
+        im = np.transpose(img, [1, 2, 0])
+        im = np.expand_dims(im, axis=0).astype(np.float32)
+        im /= 255
+        yield [im]
+        if n >= ncalib:
+            break
+
+
+def run(
+    weights=ROOT / "yolov5s.pt",  # weights path
+    imgsz=(640, 640),  # inference size h,w
+    batch_size=1,  # batch size
+    dynamic=False,  # dynamic batch size
+):
+    # PyTorch model
+    """Exports YOLOv5 model from PyTorch to TensorFlow and Keras formats, performing inference for validation."""
+    im = torch.zeros((batch_size, 3, *imgsz))  # BCHW image
+    model = attempt_load(weights, device=torch.device("cpu"), inplace=True, fuse=False)
+    _ = model(im)  # inference
+    model.info()
+
+    # TensorFlow model
+    im = tf.zeros((batch_size, *imgsz, 3))  # BHWC image
+    tf_model = TFModel(cfg=model.yaml, model=model, nc=model.nc, imgsz=imgsz)
+    _ = tf_model.predict(im)  # inference
+
+    # Keras model
+    im = keras.Input(shape=(*imgsz, 3), batch_size=None if dynamic else batch_size)
+    keras_model = keras.Model(inputs=im, outputs=tf_model.predict(im))
+    keras_model.summary()
+
+    LOGGER.info("PyTorch, TensorFlow and Keras models successfully verified.\nUse export.py for TF model export.")
+
+
+def parse_opt():
+    """Parses and returns command-line options for model inference, including weights path, image size, batch size, and
+    dynamic batching.
+    """
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--weights", type=str, default=ROOT / "yolov5s.pt", help="weights path")
+    parser.add_argument("--imgsz", "--img", "--img-size", nargs="+", type=int, default=[640], help="inference size h,w")
+    parser.add_argument("--batch-size", type=int, default=1, help="batch size")
+    parser.add_argument("--dynamic", action="store_true", help="dynamic batch size")
+    opt = parser.parse_args()
+    opt.imgsz *= 2 if len(opt.imgsz) == 1 else 1  # expand
+    print_args(vars(opt))
+    return opt
+
+
+def main(opt):
+    """Executes the YOLOv5 model run function with parsed command line options."""
+    run(**vars(opt))
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    opt = parse_opt()
+    main(opt)

models/yolo.py

@@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+"""
+YOLO-specific modules.
+
+Usage:
+    $ python models/yolo.py --cfg yolov5s.yaml
+"""
+
+import argparse
+import contextlib
+import math
+import os
+import platform
+import sys
+from copy import deepcopy
+from pathlib import Path
+
+import torch
+import torch.nn as nn
+
+FILE = Path(__file__).resolve()
+ROOT = FILE.parents[1]  # YOLOv5 root directory
+if str(ROOT) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.append(str(ROOT))  # add ROOT to PATH
+if platform.system() != "Windows":
+    ROOT = Path(os.path.relpath(ROOT, Path.cwd()))  # relative
+
+from models.common import (
+    C3,
+    C3SPP,
+    C3TR,
+    SPP,
+    SPPF,
+    Bottleneck,
+    BottleneckCSP,
+    C3Ghost,
+    C3x,
+    Classify,
+    Concat,
+    Contract,
+    Conv,
+    CrossConv,
+    DetectMultiBackend,
+    DWConv,
+    DWConvTranspose2d,
+    Expand,
+    Focus,
+    GhostBottleneck,
+    GhostConv,
+    Proto,
+)
+from models.experimental import MixConv2d
+from utils.autoanchor import check_anchor_order
+from utils.general import LOGGER, check_version, check_yaml, colorstr, make_divisible, print_args
+from utils.plots import feature_visualization
+from utils.torch_utils import (
+    fuse_conv_and_bn,
+    initialize_weights,
+    model_info,
+    profile,
+    scale_img,
+    select_device,
+    time_sync,
+)
+
+try:
+    import thop  # for FLOPs computation
+except ImportError:
+    thop = None
+
+
+class Detect(nn.Module):
+    """YOLOv5 Detect head for processing input tensors and generating detection outputs in object detection models."""
+
+    stride = None  # strides computed during build
+    dynamic = False  # force grid reconstruction
+    export = False  # export mode
+
+    def __init__(self, nc=80, anchors=(), ch=(), inplace=True):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 detection layer with specified classes, anchors, channels, and inplace operations."""
+        super().__init__()
+        self.nc = nc  # number of classes
+        self.no = nc + 5  # number of outputs per anchor
+        self.nl = len(anchors)  # number of detection layers
+        self.na = len(anchors[0]) // 2  # number of anchors
+        self.grid = [torch.empty(0) for _ in range(self.nl)]  # init grid
+        self.anchor_grid = [torch.empty(0) for _ in range(self.nl)]  # init anchor grid
+        self.register_buffer("anchors", torch.tensor(anchors).float().view(self.nl, -1, 2))  # shape(nl,na,2)
+        self.m = nn.ModuleList(nn.Conv2d(x, self.no * self.na, 1) for x in ch)  # output conv
+        self.inplace = inplace  # use inplace ops (e.g. slice assignment)
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through YOLOv5 layers, altering shape for detection: `x(bs, 3, ny, nx, 85)`."""
+        z = []  # inference output
+        for i in range(self.nl):
+            x[i] = self.m[i](x[i])  # conv
+            bs, _, ny, nx = x[i].shape  # x(bs,255,20,20) to x(bs,3,20,20,85)
+            x[i] = x[i].view(bs, self.na, self.no, ny, nx).permute(0, 1, 3, 4, 2).contiguous()
+
+            if not self.training:  # inference
+                if self.dynamic or self.grid[i].shape[2:4] != x[i].shape[2:4]:
+                    self.grid[i], self.anchor_grid[i] = self._make_grid(nx, ny, i)
+
+                if isinstance(self, Segment):  # (boxes + masks)
+                    xy, wh, conf, mask = x[i].split((2, 2, self.nc + 1, self.no - self.nc - 5), 4)
+                    xy = (xy.sigmoid() * 2 + self.grid[i]) * self.stride[i]  # xy
+                    wh = (wh.sigmoid() * 2) ** 2 * self.anchor_grid[i]  # wh
+                    y = torch.cat((xy, wh, conf.sigmoid(), mask), 4)
+                else:  # Detect (boxes only)
+                    xy, wh, conf = x[i].sigmoid().split((2, 2, self.nc + 1), 4)
+                    xy = (xy * 2 + self.grid[i]) * self.stride[i]  # xy
+                    wh = (wh * 2) ** 2 * self.anchor_grid[i]  # wh
+                    y = torch.cat((xy, wh, conf), 4)
+                z.append(y.view(bs, self.na * nx * ny, self.no))
+
+        return x if self.training else (torch.cat(z, 1),) if self.export else (torch.cat(z, 1), x)
+
+    def _make_grid(self, nx=20, ny=20, i=0, torch_1_10=check_version(torch.__version__, "1.10.0")):
+        """Generates a mesh grid for anchor boxes with optional compatibility for torch versions < 1.10."""
+        d = self.anchors[i].device
+        t = self.anchors[i].dtype
+        shape = 1, self.na, ny, nx, 2  # grid shape
+        y, x = torch.arange(ny, device=d, dtype=t), torch.arange(nx, device=d, dtype=t)
+        yv, xv = torch.meshgrid(y, x, indexing="ij") if torch_1_10 else torch.meshgrid(y, x)  # torch>=0.7 compatibility
+        grid = torch.stack((xv, yv), 2).expand(shape) - 0.5  # add grid offset, i.e. y = 2.0 * x - 0.5
+        anchor_grid = (self.anchors[i] * self.stride[i]).view((1, self.na, 1, 1, 2)).expand(shape)
+        return grid, anchor_grid
+
+
+class Segment(Detect):
+    """YOLOv5 Segment head for segmentation models, extending Detect with mask and prototype layers."""
+
+    def __init__(self, nc=80, anchors=(), nm=32, npr=256, ch=(), inplace=True):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 Segment head with options for mask count, protos, and channel adjustments."""
+        super().__init__(nc, anchors, ch, inplace)
+        self.nm = nm  # number of masks
+        self.npr = npr  # number of protos
+        self.no = 5 + nc + self.nm  # number of outputs per anchor
+        self.m = nn.ModuleList(nn.Conv2d(x, self.no * self.na, 1) for x in ch)  # output conv
+        self.proto = Proto(ch[0], self.npr, self.nm)  # protos
+        self.detect = Detect.forward
+
+    def forward(self, x):
+        """Processes input through the network, returning detections and prototypes; adjusts output based on
+        training/export mode.
+        """
+        p = self.proto(x[0])
+        x = self.detect(self, x)
+        return (x, p) if self.training else (x[0], p) if self.export else (x[0], p, x[1])
+
+
+class BaseModel(nn.Module):
+    """YOLOv5 base model."""
+
+    def forward(self, x, profile=False, visualize=False):
+        """Executes a single-scale inference or training pass on the YOLOv5 base model, with options for profiling and
+        visualization.
+        """
+        return self._forward_once(x, profile, visualize)  # single-scale inference, train
+
+    def _forward_once(self, x, profile=False, visualize=False):
+        """Performs a forward pass on the YOLOv5 model, enabling profiling and feature visualization options."""
+        y, dt = [], []  # outputs
+        for m in self.model:
+            if m.f != -1:  # if not from previous layer
+                x = y[m.f] if isinstance(m.f, int) else [x if j == -1 else y[j] for j in m.f]  # from earlier layers
+            if profile:
+                self._profile_one_layer(m, x, dt)
+            x = m(x)  # run
+            y.append(x if m.i in self.save else None)  # save output
+            if visualize:
+                feature_visualization(x, m.type, m.i, save_dir=visualize)
+        return x
+
+    def _profile_one_layer(self, m, x, dt):
+        """Profiles a single layer's performance by computing GFLOPs, execution time, and parameters."""
+        c = m == self.model[-1]  # is final layer, copy input as inplace fix
+        o = thop.profile(m, inputs=(x.copy() if c else x,), verbose=False)[0] / 1e9 * 2 if thop else 0  # FLOPs
+        t = time_sync()
+        for _ in range(10):
+            m(x.copy() if c else x)
+        dt.append((time_sync() - t) * 100)
+        if m == self.model[0]:
+            LOGGER.info(f"{'time (ms)':>10s} {'GFLOPs':>10s} {'params':>10s}  module")
+        LOGGER.info(f"{dt[-1]:10.2f} {o:10.2f} {m.np:10.0f}  {m.type}")
+        if c:
+            LOGGER.info(f"{sum(dt):10.2f} {'-':>10s} {'-':>10s}  Total")
+
+    def fuse(self):
+        """Fuses Conv2d() and BatchNorm2d() layers in the model to improve inference speed."""
+        LOGGER.info("Fusing layers... ")
+        for m in self.model.modules():
+            if isinstance(m, (Conv, DWConv)) and hasattr(m, "bn"):
+                m.conv = fuse_conv_and_bn(m.conv, m.bn)  # update conv
+                delattr(m, "bn")  # remove batchnorm
+                m.forward = m.forward_fuse  # update forward
+        self.info()
+        return self
+
+    def info(self, verbose=False, img_size=640):
+        """Prints model information given verbosity and image size, e.g., `info(verbose=True, img_size=640)`."""
+        model_info(self, verbose, img_size)
+
+    def _apply(self, fn):
+        """Applies transformations like to(), cpu(), cuda(), half() to model tensors excluding parameters or registered
+        buffers.
+        """
+        self = super()._apply(fn)
+        m = self.model[-1]  # Detect()
+        if isinstance(m, (Detect, Segment)):
+            m.stride = fn(m.stride)
+            m.grid = list(map(fn, m.grid))
+            if isinstance(m.anchor_grid, list):
+                m.anchor_grid = list(map(fn, m.anchor_grid))
+        return self
+
+
+class DetectionModel(BaseModel):
+    """YOLOv5 detection model class for object detection tasks, supporting custom configurations and anchors."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cfg="yolov5s.yaml", ch=3, nc=None, anchors=None):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 model with configuration file, input channels, number of classes, and custom anchors."""
+        super().__init__()
+        if isinstance(cfg, dict):
+            self.yaml = cfg  # model dict
+        else:  # is *.yaml
+            import yaml  # for torch hub
+
+            self.yaml_file = Path(cfg).name
+            with open(cfg, encoding="ascii", errors="ignore") as f:
+                self.yaml = yaml.safe_load(f)  # model dict
+
+        # Define model
+        ch = self.yaml["ch"] = self.yaml.get("ch", ch)  # input channels
+        if nc and nc != self.yaml["nc"]:
+            LOGGER.info(f"Overriding model.yaml nc={self.yaml['nc']} with nc={nc}")
+            self.yaml["nc"] = nc  # override yaml value
+        if anchors:
+            LOGGER.info(f"Overriding model.yaml anchors with anchors={anchors}")
+            self.yaml["anchors"] = round(anchors)  # override yaml value
+        self.model, self.save = parse_model(deepcopy(self.yaml), ch=[ch])  # model, savelist
+        self.names = [str(i) for i in range(self.yaml["nc"])]  # default names
+        self.inplace = self.yaml.get("inplace", True)
+
+        # Build strides, anchors
+        m = self.model[-1]  # Detect()
+        if isinstance(m, (Detect, Segment)):
+
+            def _forward(x):
+                """Passes the input 'x' through the model and returns the processed output."""
+                return self.forward(x)[0] if isinstance(m, Segment) else self.forward(x)
+
+            s = 256  # 2x min stride
+            m.inplace = self.inplace
+            m.stride = torch.tensor([s / x.shape[-2] for x in _forward(torch.zeros(1, ch, s, s))])  # forward
+            check_anchor_order(m)
+            m.anchors /= m.stride.view(-1, 1, 1)
+            self.stride = m.stride
+            self._initialize_biases()  # only run once
+
+        # Init weights, biases
+        initialize_weights(self)
+        self.info()
+        LOGGER.info("")
+
+    def forward(self, x, augment=False, profile=False, visualize=False):
+        """Performs single-scale or augmented inference and may include profiling or visualization."""
+        if augment:
+            return self._forward_augment(x)  # augmented inference, None
+        return self._forward_once(x, profile, visualize)  # single-scale inference, train
+
+    def _forward_augment(self, x):
+        """Performs augmented inference across different scales and flips, returning combined detections."""
+        img_size = x.shape[-2:]  # height, width
+        s = [1, 0.83, 0.67]  # scales
+        f = [None, 3, None]  # flips (2-ud, 3-lr)
+        y = []  # outputs
+        for si, fi in zip(s, f):
+            xi = scale_img(x.flip(fi) if fi else x, si, gs=int(self.stride.max()))
+            yi = self._forward_once(xi)[0]  # forward
+            # cv2.imwrite(f'img_{si}.jpg', 255 * xi[0].cpu().numpy().transpose((1, 2, 0))[:, :, ::-1])  # save
+            yi = self._descale_pred(yi, fi, si, img_size)
+            y.append(yi)
+        y = self._clip_augmented(y)  # clip augmented tails
+        return torch.cat(y, 1), None  # augmented inference, train
+
+    def _descale_pred(self, p, flips, scale, img_size):
+        """De-scales predictions from augmented inference, adjusting for flips and image size."""
+        if self.inplace:
+            p[..., :4] /= scale  # de-scale
+            if flips == 2:
+                p[..., 1] = img_size[0] - p[..., 1]  # de-flip ud
+            elif flips == 3:
+                p[..., 0] = img_size[1] - p[..., 0]  # de-flip lr
+        else:
+            x, y, wh = p[..., 0:1] / scale, p[..., 1:2] / scale, p[..., 2:4] / scale  # de-scale
+            if flips == 2:
+                y = img_size[0] - y  # de-flip ud
+            elif flips == 3:
+                x = img_size[1] - x  # de-flip lr
+            p = torch.cat((x, y, wh, p[..., 4:]), -1)
+        return p
+
+    def _clip_augmented(self, y):
+        """Clips augmented inference tails for YOLOv5 models, affecting first and last tensors based on grid points and
+        layer counts.
+        """
+        nl = self.model[-1].nl  # number of detection layers (P3-P5)
+        g = sum(4**x for x in range(nl))  # grid points
+        e = 1  # exclude layer count
+        i = (y[0].shape[1] // g) * sum(4**x for x in range(e))  # indices
+        y[0] = y[0][:, :-i]  # large
+        i = (y[-1].shape[1] // g) * sum(4 ** (nl - 1 - x) for x in range(e))  # indices
+        y[-1] = y[-1][:, i:]  # small
+        return y
+
+    def _initialize_biases(self, cf=None):
+        """Initializes biases for YOLOv5's Detect() module, optionally using class frequencies (cf).
+
+        For details see https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.02002 section 3.3.
+        """
+        # cf = torch.bincount(torch.tensor(np.concatenate(dataset.labels, 0)[:, 0]).long(), minlength=nc) + 1.
+        m = self.model[-1]  # Detect() module
+        for mi, s in zip(m.m, m.stride):  # from
+            b = mi.bias.view(m.na, -1)  # conv.bias(255) to (3,85)
+            b.data[:, 4] += math.log(8 / (640 / s) ** 2)  # obj (8 objects per 640 image)
+            b.data[:, 5 : 5 + m.nc] += (
+                math.log(0.6 / (m.nc - 0.99999)) if cf is None else torch.log(cf / cf.sum())
+            )  # cls
+            mi.bias = torch.nn.Parameter(b.view(-1), requires_grad=True)
+
+
+Model = DetectionModel  # retain YOLOv5 'Model' class for backwards compatibility
+
+
+class SegmentationModel(DetectionModel):
+    """YOLOv5 segmentation model for object detection and segmentation tasks with configurable parameters."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cfg="yolov5s-seg.yaml", ch=3, nc=None, anchors=None):
+        """Initializes a YOLOv5 segmentation model with configurable params: cfg (str) for configuration, ch (int) for
+        channels, nc (int) for num classes, anchors (list).
+        """
+        super().__init__(cfg, ch, nc, anchors)
+
+
+class ClassificationModel(BaseModel):
+    """YOLOv5 classification model for image classification tasks, initialized with a config file or detection model."""
+
+    def __init__(self, cfg=None, model=None, nc=1000, cutoff=10):
+        """Initializes YOLOv5 model with config file `cfg`, input channels `ch`, number of classes `nc`, and `cuttoff`
+        index.
+        """
+        super().__init__()
+        self._from_detection_model(model, nc, cutoff) if model is not None else self._from_yaml(cfg)
+
+    def _from_detection_model(self, model, nc=1000, cutoff=10):
+        """Creates a classification model from a YOLOv5 detection model, slicing at `cutoff` and adding a classification
+        layer.
+        """
+        if isinstance(model, DetectMultiBackend):
+            model = model.model  # unwrap DetectMultiBackend
+        model.model = model.model[:cutoff]  # backbone
+        m = model.model[-1]  # last layer
+        ch = m.conv.in_channels if hasattr(m, "conv") else m.cv1.conv.in_channels  # ch into module
+        c = Classify(ch, nc)  # Classify()
+        c.i, c.f, c.type = m.i, m.f, "models.common.Classify"  # index, from, type
+        model.model[-1] = c  # replace
+        self.model = model.model
+        self.stride = model.stride
+        self.save = []
+        self.nc = nc
+
+    def _from_yaml(self, cfg):
+        """Creates a YOLOv5 classification model from a specified *.yaml configuration file."""
+        self.model = None
+
+
+def parse_model(d, ch):
+    """Parses a YOLOv5 model from a dict `d`, configuring layers based on input channels `ch` and model architecture."""
+    LOGGER.info(f"\n{'':>3}{'from':>18}{'n':>3}{'params':>10}  {'module':<40}{'arguments':<30}")
+    anchors, nc, gd, gw, act, ch_mul = (
+        d["anchors"],
+        d["nc"],
+        d["depth_multiple"],
+        d["width_multiple"],
+        d.get("activation"),
+        d.get("channel_multiple"),
+    )
+    if act:
+        Conv.default_act = eval(act)  # redefine default activation, i.e. Conv.default_act = nn.SiLU()
+        LOGGER.info(f"{colorstr('activation:')} {act}")  # print
+    if not ch_mul:
+        ch_mul = 8
+    na = (len(anchors[0]) // 2) if isinstance(anchors, list) else anchors  # number of anchors
+    no = na * (nc + 5)  # number of outputs = anchors * (classes + 5)
+
+    layers, save, c2 = [], [], ch[-1]  # layers, savelist, ch out
+    for i, (f, n, m, args) in enumerate(d["backbone"] + d["head"]):  # from, number, module, args
+        m = eval(m) if isinstance(m, str) else m  # eval strings
+        for j, a in enumerate(args):
+            with contextlib.suppress(NameError):
+                args[j] = eval(a) if isinstance(a, str) else a  # eval strings
+
+        n = n_ = max(round(n * gd), 1) if n > 1 else n  # depth gain
+        if m in {
+            Conv,
+            GhostConv,
+            Bottleneck,
+            GhostBottleneck,
+            SPP,
+            SPPF,
+            DWConv,
+            MixConv2d,
+            Focus,
+            CrossConv,
+            BottleneckCSP,
+            C3,
+            C3TR,
+            C3SPP,
+            C3Ghost,
+            nn.ConvTranspose2d,
+            DWConvTranspose2d,
+            C3x,
+        }:
+            c1, c2 = ch[f], args[0]
+            if c2 != no:  # if not output
+                c2 = make_divisible(c2 * gw, ch_mul)
+
+            args = [c1, c2, *args[1:]]
+            if m in {BottleneckCSP, C3, C3TR, C3Ghost, C3x}:
+                args.insert(2, n)  # number of repeats
+                n = 1
+        elif m is nn.BatchNorm2d:
+            args = [ch[f]]
+        elif m is Concat:
+            c2 = sum(ch[x] for x in f)
+        # TODO: channel, gw, gd
+        elif m in {Detect, Segment}:
+            args.append([ch[x] for x in f])
+            if isinstance(args[1], int):  # number of anchors
+                args[1] = [list(range(args[1] * 2))] * len(f)
+            if m is Segment:
+                args[3] = make_divisible(args[3] * gw, ch_mul)
+        elif m is Contract:
+            c2 = ch[f] * args[0] ** 2
+        elif m is Expand:
+            c2 = ch[f] // args[0] ** 2
+        else:
+            c2 = ch[f]
+
+        m_ = nn.Sequential(*(m(*args) for _ in range(n))) if n > 1 else m(*args)  # module
+        t = str(m)[8:-2].replace("__main__.", "")  # module type
+        np = sum(x.numel() for x in m_.parameters())  # number params
+        m_.i, m_.f, m_.type, m_.np = i, f, t, np  # attach index, 'from' index, type, number params
+        LOGGER.info(f"{i:>3}{f!s:>18}{n_:>3}{np:10.0f}  {t:<40}{args!s:<30}")  # print
+        save.extend(x % i for x in ([f] if isinstance(f, int) else f) if x != -1)  # append to savelist
+        layers.append(m_)
+        if i == 0:
+            ch = []
+        ch.append(c2)
+    return nn.Sequential(*layers), sorted(save)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+    parser.add_argument("--cfg", type=str, default="yolov5s.yaml", help="model.yaml")
+    parser.add_argument("--batch-size", type=int, default=1, help="total batch size for all GPUs")
+    parser.add_argument("--device", default="", help="cuda device, i.e. 0 or 0,1,2,3 or cpu")
+    parser.add_argument("--profile", action="store_true", help="profile model speed")
+    parser.add_argument("--line-profile", action="store_true", help="profile model speed layer by layer")
+    parser.add_argument("--test", action="store_true", help="test all yolo*.yaml")
+    opt = parser.parse_args()
+    opt.cfg = check_yaml(opt.cfg)  # check YAML
+    print_args(vars(opt))
+    device = select_device(opt.device)
+
+    # Create model
+    im = torch.rand(opt.batch_size, 3, 640, 640).to(device)
+    model = Model(opt.cfg).to(device)
+
+    # Options
+    if opt.line_profile:  # profile layer by layer
+        model(im, profile=True)
+
+    elif opt.profile:  # profile forward-backward
+        results = profile(input=im, ops=[model], n=3)
+
+    elif opt.test:  # test all models
+        for cfg in Path(ROOT / "models").rglob("yolo*.yaml"):
+            try:
+                _ = Model(cfg)
+            except Exception as e:
+                print(f"Error in {cfg}: {e}")
+
+    else:  # report fused model summary
+        model.fuse()

models/yolov5l.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.0 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.0 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/yolov5m.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.67 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.75 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/yolov5n.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.25 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/yolov5s.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 0.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 0.50 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

models/yolov5x.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+
+# Parameters
+nc: 80 # number of classes
+depth_multiple: 1.33 # model depth multiple
+width_multiple: 1.25 # layer channel multiple
+anchors:
+  - [10, 13, 16, 30, 33, 23] # P3/8
+  - [30, 61, 62, 45, 59, 119] # P4/16
+  - [116, 90, 156, 198, 373, 326] # P5/32
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 backbone
+backbone:
+  # [from, number, module, args]
+  [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [64, 6, 2, 2]], # 0-P1/2
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [128, 3, 2]], # 1-P2/4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [128]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]], # 3-P3/8
+    [-1, 6, C3, [256]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]], # 5-P4/16
+    [-1, 9, C3, [512]],
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [1024, 3, 2]], # 7-P5/32
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024]],
+    [-1, 1, SPPF, [1024, 5]], # 9
+  ]
+
+# YOLOv5 v6.0 head
+head: [
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 6], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 13
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 1, 1]],
+    [-1, 1, nn.Upsample, [None, 2, "nearest"]],
+    [[-1, 4], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat backbone P3
+    [-1, 3, C3, [256, False]], # 17 (P3/8-small)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [256, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 14], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P4
+    [-1, 3, C3, [512, False]], # 20 (P4/16-medium)
+
+    [-1, 1, Conv, [512, 3, 2]],
+    [[-1, 10], 1, Concat, [1]], # cat head P5
+    [-1, 3, C3, [1024, False]], # 23 (P5/32-large)
+
+    [[17, 20, 23], 1, Detect, [nc, anchors]], # Detect(P3, P4, P5)
+  ]

requirements.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+# YOLOv5 requirements
+# Usage: pip install -r requirements.txt
+
+# Base ------------------------------------------------------------------------
+gitpython>=3.1.30
+matplotlib>=3.3
+numpy>=1.23.5
+opencv-python>=4.1.1
+pillow>=10.3.0
+psutil  # system resources
+PyYAML>=5.3.1
+requests>=2.32.2
+scipy>=1.4.1
+thop>=0.1.1  # FLOPs computation
+torch>=1.8.0  # see https://pytorch.org/get-started/locally (recommended)
+torchvision>=0.9.0
+tqdm>=4.66.3
+ultralytics>=8.2.64  # https://ultralytics.com
+# protobuf<=3.20.1  # https://github.com/ultralytics/yolov5/issues/8012
+
+# Logging ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+# tensorboard>=2.4.1
+# clearml>=1.2.0
+# comet
+
+# Plotting --------------------------------------------------------------------
+pandas>=1.1.4
+seaborn>=0.11.0
+
+# Export ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# coremltools>=6.0  # CoreML export
+# onnx>=1.10.0  # ONNX export
+# onnx-simplifier>=0.4.1  # ONNX simplifier
+# nvidia-pyindex  # TensorRT export
+# nvidia-tensorrt  # TensorRT export
+# scikit-learn<=1.1.2  # CoreML quantization
+# tensorflow>=2.4.0,<=2.13.1  # TF exports (-cpu, -aarch64, -macos)
+# tensorflowjs>=3.9.0  # TF.js export
+# openvino-dev>=2023.0  # OpenVINO export
+
+# Deploy ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+packaging  # Migration of deprecated pkg_resources packages
+setuptools>=70.0.0 # Snyk vulnerability fix
+# tritonclient[all]~=2.24.0
+
+# Extras ----------------------------------------------------------------------
+# ipython  # interactive notebook
+# mss  # screenshots
+# albumentations>=1.0.3
+# pycocotools>=2.0.6  # COCO mAP
+urllib3>=2.5.0 ; python_version > "3.8" # not directly required, pinned by Snyk to avoid a vulnerability

utils/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+# Ultralytics 🚀 AGPL-3.0 License - https://ultralytics.com/license
+"""utils/initialization."""
+
+import contextlib
+import platform
+import threading
+
+
+def emojis(str=""):
+    """Returns an emoji-safe version of a string, stripped of emojis on Windows platforms."""
+    return str.encode().decode("ascii", "ignore") if platform.system() == "Windows" else str
+
+
+class TryExcept(contextlib.ContextDecorator):
+    """A context manager and decorator for error handling that prints an optional message with emojis on exception."""
+
+    def __init__(self, msg=""):
+        """Initializes TryExcept with an optional message, used as a decorator or context manager for error handling."""
+        self.msg = msg
+
+    def __enter__(self):
+        """Enter the runtime context related to this object for error handling with an optional message."""
+        pass
+
+    def __exit__(self, exc_type, value, traceback):
+        """Context manager exit method that prints an error message with emojis if an exception occurred, always returns
+        True.
+        """
+        if value:
+            print(emojis(f"{self.msg}{': ' if self.msg else ''}{value}"))
+        return True
+
+
+def threaded(func):
+    """Decorator @threaded to run a function in a separate thread, returning the thread instance."""
+
+    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
+        """Runs the decorated function in a separate daemon thread and returns the thread instance."""
+        thread = threading.Thread(target=func, args=args, kwargs=kwargs, daemon=True)
+        thread.start()
+        return thread
+
+    return wrapper
+
+
+def join_threads(verbose=False):
+    """Joins all daemon threads, optionally printing their names if verbose is True.
+
+    Example: atexit.register(lambda: join_threads())
+    """
+    main_thread = threading.current_thread()
+    for t in threading.enumerate():
+        if t is not main_thread:
+            if verbose:
+                print(f"Joining thread {t.name}")
+            t.join()
+
+
+def notebook_init(verbose=True):
+    """Initializes notebook environment by checking requirements, cleaning up, and displaying system info."""
+    print("Checking setup...")
+
+    import os
+    import shutil
+
+    from ultralytics.utils.checks import check_requirements
+
+    from utils.general import check_font, is_colab
+    from utils.torch_utils import select_device  # imports
+
+    check_font()
+
+    import psutil
+
+    if check_requirements("wandb", install=False):
+        os.system("pip uninstall -y wandb")  # eliminate unexpected account creation prompt with infinite hang
+    if is_colab():
+        shutil.rmtree("/content/sample_data", ignore_errors=True)  # remove colab /sample_data directory
+
+    # System info
+    display = None
+    if verbose:
+        gb = 1 << 30  # bytes to GiB (1024 ** 3)
+        ram = psutil.virtual_memory().total
+        total, _used, free = shutil.disk_usage("/")
+        with contextlib.suppress(Exception):  # clear display if ipython is installed
+            from IPython import display
+
+            display.clear_output()
+        s = f"({os.cpu_count()} CPUs, {ram / gb:.1f} GB RAM, {(total - free) / gb:.1f}/{total / gb:.1f} GB disk)"
+    else:
+        s = ""
+
+    select_device(newline=False)
+    print(emojis(f"Setup complete ✅ {s}"))
+    return display