doc_title: Hypertension

organization: WHO

topic: cardiovascular

text: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is when blood pressure is persistently 140/90 mmHg or higher. It is a leading cause of heart attack, stroke, heart failure and kidney disease, and is often symptomless, so it is frequently undetected. Risk factors include high-salt diets, physical inactivity, excess weight, tobacco and alcohol use, and family history. Management combines lifestyle change (reducing salt, more physical activity, healthy weight, limiting alcohol) with medication when needed. Regular blood-pressure measurement is the only reliable way to detect it.


doc_title: Diabetes

topic: endocrine

text: Type 2 diabetes results from the body's ineffective use of insulin and is largely the result of excess body weight and physical inactivity. Symptoms may be mild or absent for years and can include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue and blurred vision. Over time it can damage the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Management centres on a healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tobacco, and medication such as metformin when indicated. Blood glucose and HbA1c should be monitored regularly.


doc_title: Depressive disorder (depression)

topic: mental-health

text: Depression is a common mental disorder involving a depressed mood or loss of pleasure or interest in activities for long periods. It is different from usual mood fluctuations and can affect all aspects of life. Effective treatments exist, including psychological therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy and, for moderate or severe cases, antidepressant medication. Anyone experiencing thoughts of self-harm or suicide should seek help immediately from a health professional or emergency services. Depression is treatable and seeking help is an important step.


doc_title: Stroke Signs and Symptoms

organization: CDC

topic: neurological

text: Use FAST to recognise a stroke: Face drooping on one side, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty (slurred or hard to understand), and Time to call emergency services immediately. Other sudden signs include numbness on one side, confusion, trouble seeing, severe headache with no known cause, and difficulty walking. Stroke is a medical emergency; treatment is most effective when started quickly, so call emergency services at the first sign rather than waiting to see if symptoms pass.


doc_title: Chest pain

organization: NHS

text: Call emergency services immediately for chest pain that spreads to the arms, back, neck or jaw, feels heavy or tight, lasts more than 15 minutes, or comes with sweating, shortness of breath, nausea or feeling faint, as this may be a heart attack. Chest pain has many causes, including heart problems, indigestion, muscle strain and anxiety, and it is not always possible to tell the cause at home. Sudden, severe or persistent chest pain should always be treated as an emergency until a serious cause is ruled out.


doc_title: Asthma

topic: respiratory

text: Asthma is a common long-term condition causing coughing, wheezing, chest tightness and breathlessness, with symptoms that vary over time. It is usually managed with inhalers: a reliever inhaler for symptoms and a preventer inhaler used daily to reduce airway inflammation. A personal asthma action plan helps people manage symptoms and recognise worsening. Seek emergency help for a severe attack: the reliever inhaler is not helping, symptoms are getting worse, or the person is too breathless to speak, eat or sleep.


doc_title: Malaria

topic: infectious

text: Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites spread through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Early symptoms include fever, headache and chills, usually appearing 10 to 15 days after the bite, and can be mild and hard to recognise. Without prompt treatment, P. falciparum malaria can progress to severe illness and death. It is preventable with insecticide-treated nets, indoor spraying and preventive medicines, and treatable with prompt diagnosis and antimalarial medicines. Fever after travel to a malaria area needs urgent testing.


doc_title: Tuberculosis

text: Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by bacteria that most often affect the lungs and spreads through the air when people with lung TB cough or sneeze. Common symptoms include a cough lasting more than two weeks (sometimes with blood), chest pain, weakness, weight loss, fever and night sweats. TB is curable with a standard course of antimicrobial medicines taken for several months under guidance; stopping early can lead to drug resistance. People with a persistent cough or these symptoms should be evaluated for TB.


doc_title: Generalised anxiety disorder in adults

text: Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a long-term condition causing anxiety about a wide range of situations rather than one specific event. Symptoms include restlessness, a sense of dread, feeling on edge, difficulty concentrating, irritability, and physical signs such as a racing heartbeat, dizziness and trouble sleeping. Helpful approaches include talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy, self-help resources, and medication in some cases. People should seek support from a clinician if anxiety is constant, distressing, or interfering with daily life.


doc_title: Diarrhoea

topic: paediatric

text: Diarrhoea is a leading cause of death in young children, mainly through dehydration. The key treatment is preventing and correcting dehydration with oral rehydration solution (ORS), continued feeding including breastfeeding, and zinc supplementation for 10 to 14 days in children. Seek urgent care for danger signs such as blood in the stool, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, sunken eyes, very little or no urine, lethargy, or high fever. Clean water, safe food and handwashing prevent most cases.


doc_title: Ibuprofen (NSAID) safety

topic: medication

text: Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for pain, inflammation and fever. It can irritate the stomach and increase the risk of bleeding, so it is taken with or after food and used at the lowest effective dose for the shortest time. It may not be suitable for people with stomach ulcers, certain heart, kidney or liver conditions, or during parts of pregnancy, and it can interact with other medicines. Anyone with these conditions or who is unsure should check with a pharmacist or doctor before use.


doc_title: Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)

text: An underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism) is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. Common symptoms include tiredness, weight gain, sensitivity to cold, dry skin, and low mood, and they often develop slowly. It is diagnosed with a blood test measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine. Treatment is usually daily levothyroxine tablets to restore normal hormone levels, with periodic blood tests to adjust the dose. Symptoms such as persistent fatigue and cold intolerance should be assessed by a clinician.


doc_title: Flu Symptoms and Complications

text: Influenza (flu) is a contagious respiratory illness with sudden onset of fever, cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, fatigue and sometimes vomiting or diarrhoea. Most people recover in a few days to two weeks, but flu can cause serious complications such as pneumonia, especially in young children, older adults, pregnant people and those with chronic conditions. Emergency warning signs include difficulty breathing, persistent chest pain, confusion, severe weakness, or symptoms that improve then return with fever and worse cough. Annual vaccination is the best prevention.


doc_title: Measles

text: Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that spreads through the air. Symptoms appear about 10 to 14 days after exposure and include high fever, cough, runny nose, red watery eyes and a rash that usually starts on the face and spreads downward. It can cause serious complications such as pneumonia, encephalitis, and death, particularly in young children and malnourished people. Two doses of measles vaccine are safe and effective and are the best protection. Suspected measles should be reported to local health services.