data/ipc_bns_sections.json

[
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "354",
    "bns_section": "74",
    "title": "Assault or criminal force to woman with intent to outrage her modesty",
    "category": ["sexual_harassment", "workplace_harassment"],
    "description": "Using physical force or touching a woman with the intention of outraging her modesty. Covers unwanted touching, groping, and similar physical acts.",
    "punishment": "Imprisonment of either description for a term of at least 1 year, extendable to 5 years, and fine.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": false,
    "triable_by": "Magistrate of the First Class",
    "evidence_tips": "Any witnesses, CCTV footage, medical examination if applicable, contemporaneous messages or notes, details of place and time.",
    "keywords": ["groped", "touched", "modesty", "unwanted touch"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "354A",
    "bns_section": "75",
    "title": "Sexual harassment",
    "category": ["sexual_harassment", "workplace_harassment"],
    "description": "Physical contact with sexual overtures, demand or request for sexual favours, showing pornography against the will of a woman, or making sexually coloured remarks.",
    "punishment": "Rigorous imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine, or both (varies by sub-clause; making sexually coloured remarks: up to 1 year, or fine, or both).",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Messages, emails, witnesses, dates and places of incidents, HR / PoSH complaint records if at workplace.",
    "keywords": ["sexual harassment", "sexual favour", "obscene", "remark", "porn"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "354B",
    "bns_section": "76",
    "title": "Assault or use of criminal force with intent to disrobe",
    "category": ["sexual_harassment"],
    "description": "Assaulting or using criminal force on a woman with the intent of disrobing or compelling her to be naked.",
    "punishment": "Imprisonment of at least 3 years, extendable to 7 years, and fine.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": false,
    "triable_by": "Magistrate of the First Class",
    "evidence_tips": "Witness statements, medical report, CCTV, location details.",
    "keywords": ["disrobe", "strip", "tearing clothes"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "354C",
    "bns_section": "77",
    "title": "Voyeurism",
    "category": ["sexual_harassment", "cyber_harassment"],
    "description": "Watching, capturing, or disseminating the image of a woman engaging in a private act where she would normally expect privacy.",
    "punishment": "First conviction: imprisonment of 1 to 3 years and fine. Subsequent conviction: 3 to 7 years and fine.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": false,
    "triable_by": "Magistrate of the First Class",
    "evidence_tips": "Devices used, image or video files, digital forensics, witnesses.",
    "keywords": ["voyeurism", "hidden camera", "recording", "spy", "private act"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "354D",
    "bns_section": "78",
    "title": "Stalking",
    "category": ["stalking", "cyber_harassment"],
    "description": "Following a woman and contacting or attempting to contact her repeatedly despite her disinterest, or monitoring her electronic communications. Applies to physical and online stalking.",
    "punishment": "First conviction: imprisonment up to 3 years and fine. Subsequent conviction: up to 5 years and fine.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Log of calls/messages, screenshots, witnesses who saw the person following you, CCTV, social-media screenshots.",
    "keywords": ["stalking", "following", "repeated contact", "monitoring", "online stalking"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "509",
    "bns_section": "79",
    "title": "Word, gesture, or act intended to insult the modesty of a woman",
    "category": ["sexual_harassment", "workplace_harassment"],
    "description": "Uttering any word, making any sound or gesture, or intruding on the privacy of a woman with the intention of insulting her modesty.",
    "punishment": "Simple imprisonment up to 3 years and fine.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Witnesses, recordings, messages, description of time and place.",
    "keywords": ["eve teasing", "insult", "gesture", "lewd comment"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "503",
    "bns_section": "351",
    "title": "Criminal intimidation",
    "category": ["criminal_intimidation", "domestic_violence"],
    "description": "Threatening someone with injury to their person, reputation, or property, with intent to cause alarm or to make them do something they are not legally bound to do.",
    "punishment": "See IPC 506 / BNS 351(2)-(4).",
    "cognizable": false,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Screenshots of threats, call recordings, witnesses, written messages.",
    "keywords": ["threat", "intimidate", "blackmail"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "506",
    "bns_section": "351(2), 351(3), 351(4)",
    "title": "Punishment for criminal intimidation",
    "category": ["criminal_intimidation"],
    "description": "Punishment for the offence of criminal intimidation under Section 503 IPC / 351 BNS.",
    "punishment": "Imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both. If the threat is of death or grievous hurt, destruction by fire, etc.: imprisonment up to 7 years, or fine, or both.",
    "cognizable": false,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Same as Section 503 / 351.",
    "keywords": ["threat to kill", "threat of harm", "punishment for threat"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "498A",
    "bns_section": "85, 86",
    "title": "Cruelty by husband or relatives of husband",
    "category": ["domestic_violence"],
    "description": "Husband or relative of husband of a woman subjecting her to cruelty — including physical, mental, or harassment for dowry.",
    "punishment": "Imprisonment up to 3 years and fine.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": false,
    "triable_by": "Magistrate of the First Class",
    "evidence_tips": "Medical reports, photographs of injuries, witness statements, messages, audio recordings, financial records if dowry is involved.",
    "keywords": ["husband", "in-laws", "dowry", "domestic cruelty"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "499",
    "bns_section": "356(1)",
    "title": "Defamation",
    "category": ["defamation"],
    "description": "Making or publishing an imputation concerning a person intending to harm, or knowing it will harm, that person's reputation.",
    "punishment": "See IPC 500 / BNS 356(2).",
    "cognizable": false,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Court of Session",
    "evidence_tips": "Copy of the defamatory material (screenshots, print, audio), proof of publication, impact on reputation.",
    "keywords": ["defamation", "reputation", "slander", "libel"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "500",
    "bns_section": "356(2)",
    "title": "Punishment for defamation",
    "category": ["defamation"],
    "description": "Punishment for the offence of defamation.",
    "punishment": "Simple imprisonment up to 2 years, or fine, or both, or community service (BNS).",
    "cognizable": false,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Court of Session",
    "evidence_tips": "Same as Section 499.",
    "keywords": ["defamation punishment"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IT Act",
    "ipc_section": "66E",
    "bns_section": null,
    "title": "Punishment for violation of privacy (IT Act 66E)",
    "category": ["cyber_harassment"],
    "description": "Intentionally capturing, publishing, or transmitting the image of a private area of any person without their consent.",
    "punishment": "Imprisonment up to 3 years, or fine up to ₹2 lakh, or both.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Devices used, file metadata, hosting URLs, witnesses, complaint lodged with cybercrime.gov.in.",
    "keywords": ["private image", "privacy violation", "intimate photo"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IT Act",
    "ipc_section": "67",
    "bns_section": null,
    "title": "Publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form (IT Act 67)",
    "category": ["cyber_harassment"],
    "description": "Publishing or transmitting obscene material in electronic form that is lascivious or appeals to the prurient interest.",
    "punishment": "First conviction: imprisonment up to 3 years and fine up to ₹5 lakh. Subsequent conviction: up to 5 years and fine up to ₹10 lakh.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Screenshots, URLs, device forensics, complaint at cybercrime.gov.in.",
    "keywords": ["obscene online", "electronic obscenity"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IT Act",
    "ipc_section": "67A",
    "bns_section": null,
    "title": "Publishing or transmitting sexually explicit material in electronic form (IT Act 67A)",
    "category": ["cyber_harassment"],
    "description": "Publishing or transmitting material containing sexually explicit acts or conduct in electronic form.",
    "punishment": "First conviction: imprisonment up to 5 years and fine up to ₹10 lakh. Subsequent conviction: up to 7 years and fine up to ₹10 lakh.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": false,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Screenshots, URLs, device forensics, complaint at cybercrime.gov.in.",
    "keywords": ["revenge porn", "sexually explicit online", "nude morph"]
  },
  {
    "act": "PoSH Act 2013",
    "ipc_section": "Sections 3-4, 9, 11",
    "bns_section": null,
    "title": "Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition & Redressal) Act, 2013 (PoSH)",
    "category": ["workplace_harassment", "sexual_harassment"],
    "description": "Workplace sexual harassment framework — every workplace with 10+ employees must have an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC). A complaint must be filed within 3 months (extendable by 3 more) from the incident.",
    "punishment": "Disciplinary action against respondent; penalty on employer for non-compliance (₹50,000, escalating on repeat).",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Internal Complaints Committee / Local Committee",
    "evidence_tips": "Written complaint to ICC/Local Committee, witnesses, messages, emails, HR records.",
    "keywords": ["PoSH", "workplace harassment", "ICC", "internal committee"]
  },
  {
    "act": "PWDV Act 2005",
    "ipc_section": "Sections 12, 18-22",
    "bns_section": null,
    "title": "Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005",
    "category": ["domestic_violence"],
    "description": "Civil law protecting women from physical, sexual, verbal, emotional, and economic abuse by a partner or family member. Allows protection orders, residence orders, monetary relief, custody orders.",
    "punishment": "Violation of a protection order can lead to imprisonment up to 1 year, or fine up to ₹20,000, or both.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Judicial Magistrate of the First Class / Metropolitan Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Medical reports, photographs, witness statements, financial records, messages.",
    "keywords": ["domestic violence", "PWDV", "protection order", "abuse"]
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS",
    "ipc_section": "182",
    "bns_section": "217",
    "title": "False information, with intent to cause a public servant to use his lawful power to the injury of another person",
    "category": ["false_complaint_warning"],
    "description": "Giving false information to any public servant with the intention of causing that public servant to use their power to injure someone. Included here so users understand the seriousness of filing a false FIR — this is informational context, not a charge against the user.",
    "punishment": "Imprisonment up to 6 months, or fine up to ₹1,000, or both.",
    "cognizable": false,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Any Magistrate",
    "evidence_tips": "Reference only — this section is NOT to be used against the victim; it is an informational disclaimer.",
    "keywords": ["false complaint", "false FIR"],
    "source": "https://indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2263"
  },
  {
    "act": "IPC/BNS (procedural)",
    "ipc_section": "166A",
    "bns_section": "200",
    "title": "Public servant disobeying direction under law — refusal to record information in cognizable offence",
    "category": ["procedural_rights"],
    "description": "If a police officer fails or refuses to register an FIR in a cognizable offence (especially sexual offences under IPC 326A, 326B, 354, 354B, 370, 370A, 376, 376A–E, 509), they themselves commit an offence. You have the right to demand FIR registration — an officer cannot legally turn you away.",
    "punishment": "Rigorous imprisonment of 6 months to 2 years, and fine (for the public servant who refused).",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "Magistrate of the First Class",
    "evidence_tips": "If the officer refuses: (1) ask for refusal in writing, (2) escalate to the Superintendent of Police under Section 154(3) CrPC / 173(3) BNSS, (3) approach a Magistrate under 156(3) CrPC / 175(3) BNSS, (4) contact NALSA (15100) for free legal aid.",
    "keywords": ["refuse to register FIR", "police refusal", "zero FIR", "FIR refusal"],
    "source": "https://indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/2263"
  },
  {
    "act": "CrPC / BNSS (procedural)",
    "ipc_section": "154 CrPC / 173 BNSS",
    "bns_section": "173 BNSS",
    "title": "Right to register an FIR (including Zero FIR)",
    "category": ["procedural_rights"],
    "description": "Every person has the right to report a cognizable offence at ANY police station — not just the one with territorial jurisdiction. This is called a Zero FIR and must be registered immediately and transferred to the correct station later. The FIR copy must be given to the informant free of charge.",
    "punishment": "N/A — procedural right. Refusal attracts IPC 166A / BNS 200.",
    "cognizable": true,
    "bailable": true,
    "triable_by": "N/A — procedural",
    "evidence_tips": "Insist on a Zero FIR if the officer cites jurisdiction. Ask for the free copy under Section 154(2) CrPC / 173(2) BNSS. If denied, escalate to SP, then to the Magistrate, then call NALSA (15100).",
    "keywords": ["zero FIR", "right to FIR", "FIR copy", "jurisdiction"],
    "source": "https://indiacode.nic.in/handle/123456789/15272"
  }
]