"""
Post-deploy helpers (boto3 only).

Use this module from post_cdk_build_quickstart.py so you do not need Node.js or
aws-cdk-lib installed to start CodeBuild / ECS after deployment.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import copy
import json
import os
import re
import time
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional, Union

import boto3
from cdk_config import (
    AWS_REGION,
    CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN,
)

_TASK_DEF_REGISTER_KEYS = (
    "family",
    "taskRoleArn",
    "executionRoleArn",
    "networkMode",
    "containerDefinitions",
    "volumes",
    "placementConstraints",
    "requiresCompatibilities",
    "cpu",
    "memory",
    "pidMode",
    "ipcMode",
    "proxyConfiguration",
    "inferenceAccelerators",
    "ephemeralStorage",
    "runtimePlatform",
)

_CONTAINER_REGISTER_OMIT_KEYS = frozenset(
    {
        "containerArn",
        "taskDefinitionArn",
        "status",
        "lastStatus",
        "managedAgents",
        "networkInterfaces",
        "healthStatus",
        "cpu",
        "memory",
        "gpu",
    }
)


def start_codebuild_build(
    project_name: str, aws_region: str = AWS_REGION
) -> Optional[str]:
    """Start an existing CodeBuild project build. Returns the build ID, or None on failure."""
    client = boto3.client("codebuild", region_name=aws_region)

    try:
        print(f"Attempting to start build for project: {project_name}")
        response = client.start_build(projectName=project_name)
        build_id = response["build"]["id"]
        print(f"Successfully started build with ID: {build_id}")
        print(f"Build ARN: {response['build']['arn']}")
        print(
            f"https://{aws_region}.console.aws.amazon.com/codesuite/codebuild/projects/"
            f"{project_name}/build/{build_id.split(':')[-1]}/detail"
        )
        return build_id
    except client.exceptions.ResourceNotFoundException:
        print(f"Error: Project '{project_name}' not found in region '{aws_region}'.")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"An unexpected error occurred: {e}")
    return None


_CODEBUILD_TERMINAL_STATUSES = frozenset(
    {"SUCCEEDED", "FAILED", "FAULT", "STOPPED", "TIMED_OUT"}
)


def wait_for_codebuild_build(
    build_id: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
    poll_interval_sec: int = 15,
    timeout_sec: int = 3600,
) -> bool:
    """Poll a CodeBuild build until it finishes. Returns True if it succeeded."""
    client = boto3.client("codebuild", region_name=aws_region)
    deadline = time.time() + timeout_sec
    short_id = build_id.split(":")[-1]

    while time.time() < deadline:
        builds = client.batch_get_builds(ids=[build_id]).get("builds") or []
        if not builds:
            print(f"  CodeBuild build {short_id} not found.")
            return False
        status = builds[0]["buildStatus"]
        print(f"  CodeBuild {short_id}: {status}")
        if status in _CODEBUILD_TERMINAL_STATUSES:
            return status == "SUCCEEDED"
        time.sleep(poll_interval_sec)

    print(f"  Timed out waiting for CodeBuild build {short_id}.")
    return False


def get_latest_codebuild_build_id(
    project_name: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> Optional[str]:
    """Return the most recent build ID for a CodeBuild project, if any."""
    client = boto3.client("codebuild", region_name=aws_region)
    try:
        resp = client.list_builds_for_project(
            projectName=project_name,
            sortOrder="DESCENDING",
        )
        ids = resp.get("ids") or []
        return ids[0] if ids else None
    except client.exceptions.ResourceNotFoundException:
        return None


def ecr_image_with_tag_exists(
    repository_name: str,
    tag: str = "latest",
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> bool:
    """Return True when the ECR repository has an image with the given tag."""
    client = boto3.client("ecr", region_name=aws_region)
    try:
        resp = client.describe_images(
            repositoryName=repository_name,
            imageIds=[{"imageTag": tag}],
        )
        return bool(resp.get("imageDetails"))
    except client.exceptions.RepositoryNotFoundException:
        return False
    except Exception as exc:
        if exc.__class__.__name__ == "ImageNotFoundException":
            return False
        raise


def wait_for_agentcore_ecr_image(
    *,
    repository_name: str,
    codebuild_project: str,
    build_id: Optional[str] = None,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
    timeout_sec: int = 3600,
) -> bool:
    """
    Wait for the AgentCore runtime image in ECR.

    If the image is not present yet, polls the given (or latest) CodeBuild build
    until it succeeds, then re-checks ECR.
    """
    if ecr_image_with_tag_exists(repository_name, aws_region=aws_region):
        print(f"  AgentCore ECR image already present in {repository_name}:latest")
        return True

    resolved_build_id = build_id or get_latest_codebuild_build_id(
        codebuild_project,
        aws_region=aws_region,
    )
    if not resolved_build_id:
        print(
            f"  No CodeBuild history for {codebuild_project}; "
            "cannot wait for AgentCore image."
        )
        return False

    print(f"  Waiting for AgentCore CodeBuild ({codebuild_project})...")
    if not wait_for_codebuild_build(
        resolved_build_id,
        aws_region=aws_region,
        timeout_sec=timeout_sec,
    ):
        return False

    ready = ecr_image_with_tag_exists(repository_name, aws_region=aws_region)
    if not ready:
        print(f"  CodeBuild finished but {repository_name}:latest is not in ECR yet.")
    return ready


def resolve_agent_env_path(override: Optional[Path], base_dir: Path) -> Path:
    """
    Resolve the agent config file, preferring ``agent.env`` over legacy ``pi_agent.env``.

    Returns *override* when provided. Otherwise searches ``<base_dir>/config`` first
    (the CDK deploy location — ``cdk/config/agent.env``), then ``<base_dir>/../config``
    (repo-root ``config/`` for non-CDK layouts), preferring ``agent.env`` over the
    legacy ``pi_agent.env`` in each. If none exist, returns the primary
    ``<base_dir>/config/agent.env`` so callers can report/create it.
    """
    if override is not None:
        return override
    search_dirs: List[Path] = []
    for candidate in (base_dir / "config", base_dir.parent / "config"):
        if candidate not in search_dirs:
            search_dirs.append(candidate)
    for directory in search_dirs:
        agent_env = directory / "agent.env"
        if agent_env.is_file():
            return agent_env
    for directory in search_dirs:
        legacy = directory / "pi_agent.env"
        if legacy.is_file():
            return legacy
    return search_dirs[0] / "agent.env"


def upload_file_to_s3(
    local_file_paths: Union[str, List[str]],
    s3_key: str,
    s3_bucket: str,
    run_aws_functions: str = "1",
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> str:
    """Upload local file(s) to S3."""
    final_out_message: List[str] = []
    final_out_message_str = ""

    if run_aws_functions != "1":
        return "App not set to run AWS functions"

    try:
        if not (s3_bucket and local_file_paths):
            return "At least one essential variable is empty, could not upload to S3"

        s3_client = boto3.client("s3", region_name=aws_region)
        paths = (
            [local_file_paths]
            if isinstance(local_file_paths, str)
            else list(local_file_paths)
        )

        for file_path in paths:
            try:
                file_name = os.path.basename(file_path)
                s3_key_full = s3_key + file_name
                print("S3 key: ", s3_key_full)
                s3_client.upload_file(file_path, s3_bucket, s3_key_full)
                out_message = f"File {file_name} uploaded successfully!"
                print(out_message)
            except Exception as e:
                out_message = f"Error uploading file(s): {e}"
                print(out_message)
            final_out_message.append(out_message)

        final_out_message_str = "\n".join(final_out_message)
    except Exception as e:
        final_out_message_str = "Could not upload files to S3 due to: " + str(e)
        print(final_out_message_str)

    return final_out_message_str


def start_ecs_task(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> dict:
    """Scale a legacy Fargate ECS service to one running task."""
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)

    try:
        ecs_client.update_service(
            cluster=cluster_name, service=service_name, desiredCount=1
        )
        return {
            "statusCode": 200,
            "body": (
                f"Service {service_name} in cluster {cluster_name} "
                "has been updated to 1 task."
            ),
        }
    except Exception as e:
        return {"statusCode": 500, "body": f"Error updating service: {str(e)}"}


EXPRESS_GATEWAY_ACTIVE_SCALING_TARGET = {
    "minTaskCount": 1,
    "maxTaskCount": 1,
    "autoScalingMetric": "AVERAGE_CPU",
    "autoScalingTargetValue": 60,
}


def resolve_express_gateway_service_arn(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> str:
    """Look up an Express gateway service ARN by cluster and service name."""
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)
    paginator = ecs_client.get_paginator("list_services")
    for page in paginator.paginate(cluster=cluster_name):
        for arn in page.get("serviceArns", []):
            if arn.rstrip("/").split("/")[-1] == service_name:
                return arn
    raise ValueError(
        f"Express gateway service '{service_name}' not found in cluster "
        f"'{cluster_name}'."
    )


def _task_definition_has_port_name(
    task_definition: Dict[str, Any], port_name: str
) -> bool:
    for container in task_definition.get("containerDefinitions", []):
        for mapping in container.get("portMappings") or []:
            if mapping.get("name") == port_name:
                return True
    return False


def _container_definitions_with_named_port(
    container_definitions: List[Dict[str, Any]],
    *,
    port_name: str,
    container_port: int,
) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    updated: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    has_matching_port = any(
        mapping.get("containerPort") == container_port
        for container in container_definitions
        for mapping in container.get("portMappings") or []
    )
    for index, container in enumerate(container_definitions):
        container = {
            key: value
            for key, value in container.items()
            if key not in _CONTAINER_REGISTER_OMIT_KEYS
        }
        port_mappings = [
            dict(mapping) for mapping in container.get("portMappings") or []
        ]
        matched = False
        for mapping in port_mappings:
            if mapping.get("containerPort") == container_port:
                matched = True
                mapping["name"] = port_name
                mapping.setdefault("protocol", "tcp")
        if not matched and not has_matching_port and index == 0:
            port_mappings.append(
                {
                    "name": port_name,
                    "containerPort": container_port,
                    "protocol": "tcp",
                }
            )
        container["portMappings"] = port_mappings
        updated.append(container)
    return updated


def resolve_service_task_definition_arn(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> str:
    """
    Resolve the task definition ARN for a Fargate or Express gateway ECS service.

    Express gateway services omit ``taskDefinition`` on ``describe_services``; use the
    active service revision from ``describe_express_gateway_service`` instead.
    """
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)
    services = ecs_client.describe_services(
        cluster=cluster_name, services=[service_name]
    ).get("services", [])
    if services:
        task_definition_arn = services[0].get("taskDefinition")
        if task_definition_arn:
            return task_definition_arn
        service_arn = services[0].get("serviceArn")
    else:
        service_arn = None

    if not service_arn:
        service_arn = resolve_express_gateway_service_arn(
            cluster_name, service_name, aws_region
        )

    express = ecs_client.describe_express_gateway_service(serviceArn=service_arn)
    active_configs = (express.get("service") or {}).get("activeConfigurations") or []
    if not active_configs:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Could not resolve task definition for service '{service_name}' in "
            f"cluster '{cluster_name}' (no active Express gateway configuration)."
        )
    revision_arn = active_configs[0].get("serviceRevisionArn")
    if not revision_arn:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Could not resolve task definition for service '{service_name}' "
            "(active Express configuration has no serviceRevisionArn)."
        )
    revisions = ecs_client.describe_service_revisions(
        serviceRevisionArns=[revision_arn]
    ).get("serviceRevisions", [])
    if not revisions:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Service revision '{revision_arn}' not found for service "
            f"'{service_name}'."
        )
    task_definition_arn = revisions[0].get("taskDefinition")
    if not task_definition_arn:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Service revision '{revision_arn}' has no taskDefinition for service "
            f"'{service_name}'."
        )
    return task_definition_arn


def ensure_ecs_service_port_mapping_name(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    port_name: str,
    container_port: int,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> str:
    """
    Service Connect requires a named portMapping in the task definition.
    Express gateway services only set containerPort at create time.
    """
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)
    task_definition_arn = resolve_service_task_definition_arn(
        cluster_name, service_name, aws_region
    )
    task_definition = ecs_client.describe_task_definition(
        taskDefinition=task_definition_arn
    )["taskDefinition"]
    if _task_definition_has_port_name(task_definition, port_name):
        return task_definition_arn

    new_containers = _container_definitions_with_named_port(
        task_definition["containerDefinitions"],
        port_name=port_name,
        container_port=container_port,
    )
    register_kwargs = {
        key: copy.deepcopy(task_definition[key])
        for key in _TASK_DEF_REGISTER_KEYS
        if key in task_definition
    }
    register_kwargs["containerDefinitions"] = new_containers
    if task_definition.get("tags"):
        register_kwargs["tags"] = [
            {"key": tag["key"], "value": tag["value"]}
            for tag in task_definition["tags"]
        ]

    new_task_definition = ecs_client.register_task_definition(**register_kwargs)[
        "taskDefinition"
    ]
    new_arn = new_task_definition["taskDefinitionArn"]
    ecs_client.update_service(
        cluster=cluster_name,
        service=service_name,
        taskDefinition=new_arn,
        forceNewDeployment=True,
    )
    print(
        f"Registered task definition {new_arn} with Service Connect port "
        f"name {port_name!r} on container port {container_port}."
    )
    return new_arn


def apply_ecs_service_connect(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    service_connect_configuration: Dict[str, Any],
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> None:
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)
    ecs_client.update_service(
        cluster=cluster_name,
        service=service_name,
        serviceConnectConfiguration=service_connect_configuration,
        forceNewDeployment=True,
    )
    print(f"Applied Service Connect to {service_name} in cluster {cluster_name}.")


def configure_express_pi_service_connect(
    cluster_name: str,
    main_service_name: str,
    pi_service_name: str,
    namespace: str,
    main_port_name: str,
    discovery_name: str,
    main_port: int,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> None:
    """Enable Service Connect for Pi Express -> main Express (post image build)."""
    ensure_ecs_service_port_mapping_name(
        cluster_name,
        main_service_name,
        main_port_name,
        main_port,
        aws_region=aws_region,
    )
    apply_ecs_service_connect(
        cluster_name,
        main_service_name,
        {
            "enabled": True,
            "namespace": namespace,
            "services": [
                {
                    "portName": main_port_name,
                    "discoveryName": discovery_name,
                    "clientAliases": [
                        {"port": int(main_port), "dnsName": discovery_name}
                    ],
                }
            ],
        },
        aws_region=aws_region,
    )
    apply_ecs_service_connect(
        cluster_name,
        pi_service_name,
        {"enabled": True, "namespace": namespace},
        aws_region=aws_region,
    )


def start_express_gateway_service(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> dict:
    """Scale an ECS Express gateway service to one running task after image build."""
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)

    try:
        service_arn = resolve_express_gateway_service_arn(
            cluster_name, service_name, aws_region=aws_region
        )
        ecs_client.update_express_gateway_service(
            serviceArn=service_arn,
            scalingTarget=EXPRESS_GATEWAY_ACTIVE_SCALING_TARGET,
        )
        return {
            "statusCode": 200,
            "body": (
                f"Express service {service_name} in cluster {cluster_name} "
                "has been updated to run 1 task."
            ),
        }
    except Exception as e:
        return {
            "statusCode": 500,
            "body": f"Error updating Express gateway service: {str(e)}",
        }


_ALB_COGNITO_CALLBACK_SUFFIX = "/oauth2/idpresponse"

# Fields preserved from describe_user_pool_client when updating CallbackURLs only.
_USER_POOL_CLIENT_UPDATE_PASSTHROUGH_KEYS = (
    "ClientName",
    "RefreshTokenValidity",
    "AccessTokenValidity",
    "IdTokenValidity",
    "TokenValidityUnits",
    "ReadAttributes",
    "WriteAttributes",
    "ExplicitAuthFlows",
    "SupportedIdentityProviders",
    "DefaultRedirectURI",
    "AllowedOAuthFlows",
    "AllowedOAuthScopes",
    "AllowedOAuthFlowsUserPoolClient",
    "AnalyticsConfiguration",
    "PreventUserExistenceErrors",
    "EnableTokenRevocation",
    "EnablePropagateAdditionalUserContextData",
    "AuthSessionValidity",
    "RefreshTokenRotation",
)


def cognito_https_callback_urls(redirect_base: str) -> List[str]:
    """
    ALB authenticate-cognito requires the app URL and ``/oauth2/idpresponse``.
    """
    base = (redirect_base or "").strip().rstrip("/")
    if not base:
        raise ValueError("redirect_base is required for Cognito callback URLs")
    if not base.startswith("https://"):
        base = f"https://{base.lstrip('/')}"
    return [base, f"{base}{_ALB_COGNITO_CALLBACK_SUFFIX}"]


def cognito_callback_urls_match(
    existing_callbacks: List[str],
    desired_callbacks: List[str],
) -> bool:
    return set(existing_callbacks or []) == set(desired_callbacks)


def get_user_pool_client_callback_urls(
    user_pool_id: str,
    client_id: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> List[str]:
    cognito_client = boto3.client("cognito-idp", region_name=aws_region)
    existing = cognito_client.describe_user_pool_client(
        UserPoolId=user_pool_id,
        ClientId=client_id,
    )["UserPoolClient"]
    return list(existing.get("CallbackURLs") or [])


def cognito_alb_callbacks_need_update(
    user_pool_id: str,
    client_id: str,
    redirect_base: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> bool:
    desired = cognito_https_callback_urls(redirect_base)
    current = get_user_pool_client_callback_urls(
        user_pool_id, client_id, aws_region=aws_region
    )
    return not cognito_callback_urls_match(current, desired)


def update_user_pool_client_callback_urls(
    user_pool_id: str,
    client_id: str,
    callback_urls: List[str],
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> None:
    """
    Set Cognito app client callback URLs without a CDK redeploy.

    Merges existing client settings from ``describe_user_pool_client`` so OAuth
    flows/scopes and token validity are not reset.
    """
    cognito_client = boto3.client("cognito-idp", region_name=aws_region)
    existing = cognito_client.describe_user_pool_client(
        UserPoolId=user_pool_id,
        ClientId=client_id,
    )["UserPoolClient"]

    update_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
        "UserPoolId": user_pool_id,
        "ClientId": client_id,
        "CallbackURLs": callback_urls,
    }
    for key in _USER_POOL_CLIENT_UPDATE_PASSTHROUGH_KEYS:
        value = existing.get(key)
        if value is not None:
            update_kwargs[key] = value
    logout_urls = existing.get("LogoutURLs")
    if logout_urls:
        update_kwargs["LogoutURLs"] = logout_urls

    cognito_client.update_user_pool_client(**update_kwargs)
    print("Updated Cognito app client callback URLs: " + ", ".join(callback_urls))


def apply_cognito_alb_callback_fixup(
    *,
    user_pool_id: str,
    client_id: str,
    redirect_base: str,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> bool:
    """
    Update Cognito callbacks when they differ from ``redirect_base``.

    Returns True if URLs were updated, False if already correct.
    """
    desired = cognito_https_callback_urls(redirect_base)
    cognito_client = boto3.client("cognito-idp", region_name=aws_region)
    existing = cognito_client.describe_user_pool_client(
        UserPoolId=user_pool_id,
        ClientId=client_id,
    )["UserPoolClient"]
    current = existing.get("CallbackURLs") or []
    if cognito_callback_urls_match(current, desired):
        print("Cognito app client callback URLs already match the target endpoint.")
        return False
    update_user_pool_client_callback_urls(
        user_pool_id,
        client_id,
        desired,
        aws_region=aws_region,
    )
    return True


_TARGET_GROUP_REGISTER_EVENT = re.compile(
    r"target-group (arn:aws:elasticloadbalancing:[^\s)]+)",
    re.IGNORECASE,
)

EXPRESS_TARGET_GROUP_RESOLVE_MAX_WAIT_SECONDS = 600
EXPRESS_TARGET_GROUP_RESOLVE_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS = 15


def target_group_arn_from_ecs_register_event(message: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Parse target group ARN from ECS ``registered N targets in (target-group ...)``."""
    if "registered" not in (message or "").lower():
        return None
    match = _TARGET_GROUP_REGISTER_EVENT.search(message)
    return match.group(1) if match else None


def _target_group_arn_from_service_events(
    events: List[Dict[str, Any]],
) -> Optional[str]:
    for event in events:
        target_group_arn = target_group_arn_from_ecs_register_event(
            event.get("message", "")
        )
        if target_group_arn:
            return target_group_arn
    return None


def _task_private_ipv4_addresses(
    ecs_client: Any,
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
) -> set[str]:
    task_arns = ecs_client.list_tasks(
        cluster=cluster_name, serviceName=service_name
    ).get("taskArns", [])
    if not task_arns:
        return set()
    tasks = ecs_client.describe_tasks(cluster=cluster_name, tasks=task_arns).get(
        "tasks", []
    )
    addresses: set[str] = set()
    for task in tasks:
        for attachment in task.get("attachments", []):
            for detail in attachment.get("details", []):
                if detail.get("name") == "privateIPv4Address" and detail.get("value"):
                    addresses.add(detail["value"])
    return addresses


def _target_group_arn_from_task_ips(
    elbv2_client: Any,
    load_balancer_arn: str,
    task_ips: set[str],
) -> Optional[str]:
    if not task_ips:
        return None
    target_groups = elbv2_client.describe_target_groups(
        LoadBalancerArn=load_balancer_arn
    ).get("TargetGroups", [])
    for target_group in target_groups:
        health = elbv2_client.describe_target_health(
            TargetGroupArn=target_group["TargetGroupArn"]
        ).get("TargetHealthDescriptions", [])
        for description in health:
            target_id = (description.get("Target") or {}).get("Id")
            if target_id in task_ips:
                return target_group["TargetGroupArn"]
    return None


def resolve_express_service_target_group_arn(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
    load_balancer_arn: Optional[str] = None,
    max_wait_seconds: int = EXPRESS_TARGET_GROUP_RESOLVE_MAX_WAIT_SECONDS,
    poll_interval_seconds: int = EXPRESS_TARGET_GROUP_RESOLVE_POLL_INTERVAL_SECONDS,
) -> str:
    """
    Target group where Express most recently registered tasks.

    After post-deploy scaling, this ARN can differ from the TG baked into the CDK
    Cognito listener custom resource at deploy time. Polls until a registration
    event appears or running tasks are visible in an Express ALB target group.
    """
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)
    elbv2_client = (
        boto3.client("elbv2", region_name=aws_region) if load_balancer_arn else None
    )
    deadline = time.monotonic() + max_wait_seconds
    attempt = 0
    while True:
        attempt += 1
        services = ecs_client.describe_services(
            cluster=cluster_name, services=[service_name]
        ).get("services", [])
        if not services:
            raise ValueError(
                f"ECS service '{service_name}' not found in cluster '{cluster_name}'."
            )
        service = services[0]
        target_group_arn = _target_group_arn_from_service_events(
            service.get("events", [])
        )
        if target_group_arn:
            if attempt > 1:
                print(
                    f"Resolved target group for '{service_name}' "
                    f"after {attempt} poll(s)."
                )
            return target_group_arn

        if elbv2_client and load_balancer_arn:
            task_ips = _task_private_ipv4_addresses(
                ecs_client, cluster_name, service_name
            )
            target_group_arn = _target_group_arn_from_task_ips(
                elbv2_client, load_balancer_arn, task_ips
            )
            if target_group_arn:
                print(
                    f"Resolved target group for '{service_name}' from running task IPs."
                )
                return target_group_arn

        if time.monotonic() >= deadline:
            running = service.get("runningCount", 0)
            desired = service.get("desiredCount", 0)
            raise ValueError(
                f"No target group registration event found for service "
                f"'{service_name}' after {max_wait_seconds}s "
                f"(running {running}/{desired} tasks). "
                "Ensure CodeBuild finished and the service scaled to at least one task."
            )

        if attempt == 1:
            print(
                f"Waiting for target group registration for '{service_name}' "
                f"(up to {max_wait_seconds}s)..."
            )
        time.sleep(poll_interval_seconds)


def find_express_gateway_https_listener(
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> Dict[str, str]:
    """Return Express-managed ALB HTTPS listener metadata."""
    elbv2 = boto3.client("elbv2", region_name=aws_region)
    for load_balancer in elbv2.describe_load_balancers().get("LoadBalancers", []):
        if not load_balancer["LoadBalancerName"].startswith("ecs-express-gateway-alb"):
            continue
        listeners = elbv2.describe_listeners(
            LoadBalancerArn=load_balancer["LoadBalancerArn"]
        ).get("Listeners", [])
        https_listener = next(
            (listener for listener in listeners if listener.get("Port") == 443),
            None,
        )
        if https_listener:
            return {
                "load_balancer_arn": load_balancer["LoadBalancerArn"],
                "listener_arn": https_listener["ListenerArn"],
                "dns_name": load_balancer["DNSName"],
            }
    raise ValueError(
        "Express gateway ALB (ecs-express-gateway-alb-*) with HTTPS listener not found."
    )


def listener_actions_with_target_group(
    existing_actions: List[Dict[str, Any]],
    target_group_arn: str,
) -> List[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Copy listener/rule actions, replacing the forward target group ARN."""
    updated_actions: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    for action in sorted(existing_actions, key=lambda item: item.get("Order", 0)):
        action_copy = copy.deepcopy(action)
        if action_copy.get("Type") == "forward":
            action_copy["TargetGroupArn"] = target_group_arn
            forward_config = action_copy.setdefault("ForwardConfig", {})
            forward_config["TargetGroups"] = [
                {"TargetGroupArn": target_group_arn, "Weight": 1}
            ]
        updated_actions.append(action_copy)
    return updated_actions


def apply_express_alb_listener_target_group_fixup(
    *,
    cluster_name: str,
    main_service_name: str,
    pi_service_name: Optional[str] = None,
    pi_path_prefixes: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> bool:
    """
    Point ALB Cognito listener actions at the target groups Express tasks use.

    Express creates fresh target groups when a service scales up after deploy; the
    CDK custom resource may still forward authenticated traffic to an empty TG.
    """
    ingress = find_express_gateway_https_listener(aws_region=aws_region)
    load_balancer_arn = ingress["load_balancer_arn"]
    main_target_group_arn = resolve_express_service_target_group_arn(
        cluster_name,
        main_service_name,
        aws_region=aws_region,
        load_balancer_arn=load_balancer_arn,
    )
    pi_target_group_arn = None
    if pi_service_name:
        try:
            pi_target_group_arn = resolve_express_service_target_group_arn(
                cluster_name,
                pi_service_name,
                aws_region=aws_region,
                load_balancer_arn=load_balancer_arn,
            )
        except ValueError as exc:
            print(f"Note: skipping Pi listener rule TG fixup: {exc}")

    elbv2 = boto3.client("elbv2", region_name=aws_region)
    listener_arn = ingress["listener_arn"]
    listener = elbv2.describe_listeners(ListenerArns=[listener_arn])["Listeners"][0]
    current_default = listener.get("DefaultActions", [])
    current_forward_arn = next(
        (
            action.get("TargetGroupArn")
            for action in current_default
            if action.get("Type") == "forward"
        ),
        None,
    )
    changed = current_forward_arn != main_target_group_arn

    if changed:
        elbv2.modify_listener(
            ListenerArn=listener_arn,
            DefaultActions=listener_actions_with_target_group(
                current_default, main_target_group_arn
            ),
        )
        print(
            "Updated Express ALB default listener forward target group to "
            f"{main_target_group_arn}."
        )
    else:
        print(
            "Express ALB default listener already forwards to the active target group."
        )

    if pi_target_group_arn and pi_path_prefixes:
        rules = elbv2.describe_rules(ListenerArn=listener_arn).get("Rules", [])
        prefixes = {prefix.rstrip("/") for prefix in pi_path_prefixes}
        for rule in rules:
            if rule.get("IsDefault"):
                continue
            path_values = []
            for condition in rule.get("Conditions", []):
                if condition.get("Field") == "path-pattern":
                    path_values.extend(condition.get("Values", []))
            if not prefixes.intersection({value.rstrip("/") for value in path_values}):
                continue
            current_actions = rule.get("Actions", [])
            current_pi_forward = next(
                (
                    action.get("TargetGroupArn")
                    for action in current_actions
                    if action.get("Type") == "forward"
                ),
                None,
            )
            if current_pi_forward == pi_target_group_arn:
                continue
            elbv2.modify_rule(
                RuleArn=rule["RuleArn"],
                Actions=listener_actions_with_target_group(
                    current_actions, pi_target_group_arn
                ),
            )
            print(
                "Updated Pi ALB listener rule forward target group to "
                f"{pi_target_group_arn}."
            )
            changed = True

    return changed


def listener_rule_has_cognito_auth(actions: List[Dict[str, Any]]) -> bool:
    return any(action.get("Type") == "authenticate-cognito" for action in actions)


def _listener_rule_is_cloudfront_bypass_without_cognito(
    rule: Dict[str, Any],
    *,
    cloudfront_host_header: str,
) -> bool:
    """True for legacy forward-only host-header rules matching the CloudFront domain."""
    if listener_rule_has_cognito_auth(rule.get("Actions", [])):
        return False
    host = (cloudfront_host_header or "").strip()
    if not host or host == "cloudfront_placeholder.net":
        return False
    for condition in rule.get("Conditions") or []:
        if condition.get("Field") != "host-header":
            continue
        values = (condition.get("HostHeaderConfig") or {}).get("Values") or []
        if host in values:
            return True
    return False


def remove_express_listener_rules_without_cognito(
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
    cloudfront_host_header: Optional[str] = None,
) -> bool:
    """
    Delete legacy Express ALB rules that forward CloudFront host traffic without Cognito.

    Only removes host-header rules whose value matches ``CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN`` (or the
    supplied override). ECS Express-managed ``*.ecs.*.on.aws`` host rules are left
    intact.
    """
    cloudfront_host = (cloudfront_host_header or CLOUDFRONT_DOMAIN or "").strip()
    ingress = find_express_gateway_https_listener(aws_region=aws_region)
    elbv2 = boto3.client("elbv2", region_name=aws_region)
    listener_arn = ingress["listener_arn"]
    changed = False
    for rule in elbv2.describe_rules(ListenerArn=listener_arn).get("Rules", []):
        if rule.get("IsDefault"):
            continue
        if not _listener_rule_is_cloudfront_bypass_without_cognito(
            rule, cloudfront_host_header=cloudfront_host
        ):
            continue
        rule_arn = rule["RuleArn"]
        elbv2.delete_rule(RuleArn=rule_arn)
        print(
            "Removed legacy Express CloudFront bypass ALB listener rule "
            f"(host {cloudfront_host!r}): {rule_arn}"
        )
        changed = True
    return changed


def build_cognito_secret_payload(
    user_pool_id: str,
    client_id: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> Dict[str, str]:
    """Build Secrets Manager JSON for REDACTION_* Cognito keys."""
    cognito_client = boto3.client("cognito-idp", region_name=aws_region)
    client = cognito_client.describe_user_pool_client(
        UserPoolId=user_pool_id,
        ClientId=client_id,
    )["UserPoolClient"]
    client_secret = client.get("ClientSecret") or ""
    return {
        "REDACTION_USER_POOL_ID": user_pool_id,
        "REDACTION_CLIENT_ID": client_id,
        "REDACTION_CLIENT_SECRET": client_secret,
    }


def cognito_secret_payload_matches(
    existing_secret_string: str,
    desired_payload: Dict[str, str],
) -> bool:
    try:
        current = json.loads(existing_secret_string or "{}")
    except json.JSONDecodeError:
        return False
    return all(current.get(key) == value for key, value in desired_payload.items())


def apply_cognito_secret_fixup(
    *,
    secret_name: str,
    user_pool_id: str,
    client_id: str,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
    recycle_express_service: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
) -> bool:
    """
    Sync imported Secrets Manager JSON with the stack's Cognito pool and app client.

    Express tasks read ``AWS_USER_POOL_ID`` / ``AWS_CLIENT_*`` from this secret.
    When the secret predates a redeploy, values can reference a deleted user pool.
    """
    desired_payload = build_cognito_secret_payload(
        user_pool_id, client_id, aws_region=aws_region
    )
    secrets_client = boto3.client("secretsmanager", region_name=aws_region)
    current = secrets_client.get_secret_value(SecretId=secret_name)
    current_string = current.get("SecretString") or ""
    if cognito_secret_payload_matches(current_string, desired_payload):
        print(
            "Cognito secret already matches Cognito user pool ID "
            "and Cognito app client ID."
        )
        return False

    secrets_client.put_secret_value(
        SecretId=secret_name,
        SecretString=json.dumps(desired_payload),
    )
    print(
        "Updated Cognito secret for Cognito user pool ID " "and Cognito app client ID."
    )
    if recycle_express_service:
        recycle_express_gateway_tasks(
            recycle_express_service["cluster_name"],
            recycle_express_service["service_name"],
            aws_region=aws_region,
        )
    return True


def recycle_express_gateway_tasks(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> None:
    """Stop running Express tasks so replacements pick up updated secrets/env."""
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)
    task_arns = ecs_client.list_tasks(
        cluster=cluster_name,
        serviceName=service_name,
    ).get("taskArns", [])
    for task_arn in task_arns:
        ecs_client.stop_task(
            cluster=cluster_name,
            task=task_arn,
            reason="Recycle task after Cognito secret/config sync",
        )
    if task_arns:
        print(
            f"Stopped {len(task_arns)} task(s) for {service_name} to pick up Cognito updates."
        )


def apply_express_disable_in_app_cognito_auth(
    cluster_name: str,
    service_name: str,
    *,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> bool:
    """
    Set ``COGNITO_AUTH=False`` on a running Express service revision.

    ALB ``authenticate-cognito`` already gates access; in-app Gradio login is redundant
    and fails when Secrets Manager still references an old user pool.
    """
    ecs_client = boto3.client("ecs", region_name=aws_region)
    service_arn = resolve_express_gateway_service_arn(
        cluster_name, service_name, aws_region=aws_region
    )
    express = ecs_client.describe_express_gateway_service(serviceArn=service_arn)[
        "service"
    ]
    active_configs = express.get("activeConfigurations") or []
    if not active_configs:
        raise ValueError(
            f"No active configuration for Express service '{service_name}'."
        )
    active = active_configs[0]
    primary = copy.deepcopy(active.get("primaryContainer") or {})
    environment = {
        item["name"]: item["value"]
        for item in primary.get("environment") or []
        if item.get("name")
    }
    if environment.get("COGNITO_AUTH") == "False":
        print(f"{service_name} already has COGNITO_AUTH=False.")
        return False
    environment["COGNITO_AUTH"] = "False"
    primary["environment"] = [
        {"name": name, "value": value} for name, value in sorted(environment.items())
    ]
    update_kwargs: Dict[str, Any] = {
        "serviceArn": service_arn,
        "primaryContainer": primary,
    }
    for key in (
        "executionRoleArn",
        "taskRoleArn",
        "cpu",
        "memory",
        "healthCheckPath",
        "networkConfiguration",
    ):
        value = active.get(key)
        if value is not None:
            update_kwargs[key] = value
    scaling = express.get("scalingTarget") or active.get("scalingTarget")
    if scaling is not None:
        update_kwargs["scalingTarget"] = scaling
    ecs_client.update_express_gateway_service(**update_kwargs)
    print(f"Set COGNITO_AUTH=False on Express service {service_name}.")
    return True


def apply_cognito_secret_fixup_from_stack(
    *,
    stack_name: str,
    secret_name: str,
    cluster_name: str,
    main_service_name: str,
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
    recycle_tasks: bool = True,
) -> bool:
    """Read Cognito outputs from CloudFormation and sync the app client secret."""
    cfn_client = boto3.client("cloudformation", region_name=aws_region)
    stacks = cfn_client.describe_stacks(StackName=stack_name).get("Stacks", [])
    outputs = {
        item["OutputKey"]: item["OutputValue"]
        for item in (stacks[0].get("Outputs") or [])
    }
    user_pool_id = outputs.get("CognitoPoolId")
    client_id = outputs.get("CognitoAppClientId")
    if not user_pool_id or not client_id:
        raise ValueError(
            f"Stack '{stack_name}' is missing CognitoPoolId or CognitoAppClientId outputs."
        )
    return apply_cognito_secret_fixup(
        secret_name=secret_name,
        user_pool_id=user_pool_id,
        client_id=client_id,
        aws_region=aws_region,
        recycle_express_service=(
            {"cluster_name": cluster_name, "service_name": main_service_name}
            if recycle_tasks
            else None
        ),
    )


def get_stack_output(
    stack_name: str,
    output_key: str,
    region: str,
) -> Optional[str]:
    """Return a CloudFormation stack output value, or None if missing."""
    from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

    cfn = boto3.client("cloudformation", region_name=region)
    try:
        response = cfn.describe_stacks(StackName=stack_name)
    except ClientError:
        return None
    for stack in response.get("Stacks", []):
        for output in stack.get("Outputs", []):
            if output.get("OutputKey") == output_key:
                return output.get("OutputValue")
    return None


def resolve_cloudfront_origin_prefix_list_id(
    region: str,
    fallback: Optional[str] = None,
) -> Optional[str]:
    """Resolve the region's CloudFront origin-facing managed prefix list id.

    The managed prefix list ``com.amazonaws.global.cloudfront.origin-facing`` has a
    different id per region, so it is resolved dynamically. Falls back to the supplied
    value (e.g. ``CLOUDFRONT_PREFIX_LIST_ID``) if the lookup fails.
    """
    ec2 = boto3.client("ec2", region_name=region)
    try:
        response = ec2.describe_managed_prefix_lists(
            Filters=[
                {
                    "Name": "prefix-list-name",
                    "Values": ["com.amazonaws.global.cloudfront.origin-facing"],
                }
            ]
        )
        for prefix_list in response.get("PrefixLists", []):
            pl_id = prefix_list.get("PrefixListId")
            if pl_id:
                return pl_id
    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - network/permission dependent
        print(f"  Warning: could not resolve CloudFront prefix list: {exc}")
    return fallback


# Service Quotas: "Inbound or outbound rules per security group" (Amazon VPC).
_SG_RULES_QUOTA_SERVICE_CODE = "vpc"
_SG_RULES_QUOTA_CODE = "L-0EA8095F"


def _get_managed_prefix_list_max_entries(
    ec2_client: Any,
    prefix_list_id: str,
) -> Optional[int]:
    """MaxEntries for a managed prefix list (the rule-slot cost of referencing it)."""
    try:
        response = ec2_client.describe_managed_prefix_lists(
            PrefixListIds=[prefix_list_id]
        )
        for prefix_list in response.get("PrefixLists", []):
            max_entries = prefix_list.get("MaxEntries")
            if max_entries is not None:
                return int(max_entries)
    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - network/permission dependent
        print(f"  Warning: could not read prefix list {prefix_list_id} size: {exc}")
    return None


def get_security_group_rules_quota(region: str) -> Optional[float]:
    """Current 'Inbound or outbound rules per security group' quota, or None."""
    try:
        sq = boto3.client("service-quotas", region_name=region)
        try:
            resp = sq.get_service_quota(
                ServiceCode=_SG_RULES_QUOTA_SERVICE_CODE,
                QuotaCode=_SG_RULES_QUOTA_CODE,
            )
        except Exception:
            resp = sq.get_aws_default_service_quota(
                ServiceCode=_SG_RULES_QUOTA_SERVICE_CODE,
                QuotaCode=_SG_RULES_QUOTA_CODE,
            )
        value = resp.get("Quota", {}).get("Value")
        return float(value) if value is not None else None
    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - network/permission dependent
        print(f"  Warning: could not read security-group rules quota: {exc}")
        return None


def request_security_group_rules_quota_increase(
    region: str,
    desired_value: int,
) -> bool:
    """Request a Service Quotas increase for SG rules. Returns True if submitted.

    The increase is not effective immediately (AWS may auto-approve or require review);
    re-run the lockdown once it is approved.
    """
    try:
        sq = boto3.client("service-quotas", region_name=region)
        sq.request_service_quota_increase(
            ServiceCode=_SG_RULES_QUOTA_SERVICE_CODE,
            QuotaCode=_SG_RULES_QUOTA_CODE,
            DesiredValue=float(desired_value),
        )
        print(
            f"  Requested increase of 'Inbound or outbound rules per security group' "
            f"to {desired_value} in {region}. This needs AWS approval; re-run the "
            "lockdown once it is granted."
        )
        return True
    except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover - network/permission dependent
        msg = str(exc)
        if "ResourceAlreadyExists" in msg or "DependencyAccessDenied" in msg:
            print(
                "  Note: a quota increase request may already be open, or Service "
                f"Quotas access is restricted: {exc}"
            )
        else:
            print(f"  Warning: could not request quota increase: {exc}")
        return False


def _collect_open_ingress(
    permissions: List[Dict[str, Any]],
) -> tuple[List[Dict[str, Any]], List[tuple]]:
    """From SG IpPermissions, return (revoke_permissions, open_port_keys).

    ``revoke_permissions`` is the set of IpPermissions to revoke (only the open
    0.0.0.0/0 and ::/0 ranges), and ``open_port_keys`` are the distinct
    ``(protocol, from_port, to_port)`` tuples that had open ingress.
    """
    revoke_permissions: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    port_keys: List[tuple] = []
    seen: set = set()
    for perm in permissions:
        proto = perm.get("IpProtocol")
        from_port = perm.get("FromPort")
        to_port = perm.get("ToPort")
        open_v4 = [
            {"CidrIp": r["CidrIp"]}
            for r in perm.get("IpRanges", [])
            if r.get("CidrIp") == "0.0.0.0/0"
        ]
        open_v6 = [
            {"CidrIpv6": r["CidrIpv6"]}
            for r in perm.get("Ipv6Ranges", [])
            if r.get("CidrIpv6") == "::/0"
        ]
        if not (open_v4 or open_v6):
            continue
        revoke_perm: Dict[str, Any] = {"IpProtocol": proto}
        if from_port is not None:
            revoke_perm["FromPort"] = from_port
        if to_port is not None:
            revoke_perm["ToPort"] = to_port
        if open_v4:
            revoke_perm["IpRanges"] = open_v4
        if open_v6:
            revoke_perm["Ipv6Ranges"] = open_v6
        revoke_permissions.append(revoke_perm)
        port_key = (proto, from_port, to_port)
        if port_key not in seen:
            seen.add(port_key)
            port_keys.append(port_key)
    return revoke_permissions, port_keys


def _get_load_balancer_for_security_group(
    elbv2_client: Any,
    sg_id: str,
) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
    """Find the load balancer whose security groups include ``sg_id``."""
    try:
        paginator = elbv2_client.get_paginator("describe_load_balancers")
        pages = paginator.paginate()
    except Exception:  # pragma: no cover - some stubs lack paginators
        pages = [elbv2_client.describe_load_balancers()]
    for page in pages:
        for lb in page.get("LoadBalancers", []):
            if sg_id in (lb.get("SecurityGroups") or []):
                return {
                    "arn": lb.get("LoadBalancerArn"),
                    "vpc_id": lb.get("VpcId"),
                    "security_groups": list(lb.get("SecurityGroups") or []),
                }
    return None


def _port_label(from_port: Optional[int], to_port: Optional[int]) -> str:
    if from_port is None:
        return "all"
    if to_port is None or to_port == from_port:
        return str(from_port)
    return f"{from_port}-{to_port}"


def _ensure_cloudfront_port_security_group(
    ec2_client: Any,
    *,
    vpc_id: str,
    prefix_list_id: str,
    port_key: tuple,
    base_sg_id: str,
) -> str:
    """Create (or reuse) a dedicated SG holding the CloudFront prefix list on one port.

    Splitting the prefix list into one dedicated SG *per listener port* keeps each SG
    under the per-SG rule quota (the prefix list counts as ~55 entries, and referencing
    it on two ports in one SG would exceed the 60-rule default). Deterministic naming
    makes re-runs idempotent. Raises ClientError if authorization fails for a non-
    duplicate reason (e.g. a single port still exceeds the quota).
    """
    from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

    proto, from_port, to_port = port_key
    label = _port_label(from_port, to_port)
    name = f"cf-lockdown-{base_sg_id}-{proto}-{label}"[:255]

    existing = ec2_client.describe_security_groups(
        Filters=[
            {"Name": "group-name", "Values": [name]},
            {"Name": "vpc-id", "Values": [vpc_id]},
        ]
    ).get("SecurityGroups", [])
    if existing:
        cf_sg_id = existing[0]["GroupId"]
    else:
        created = ec2_client.create_security_group(
            GroupName=name,
            Description=(
                f"CloudFront origin-facing ingress {proto}/{label} for {base_sg_id}"
            )[:255],
            VpcId=vpc_id,
            TagSpecifications=[
                {
                    "ResourceType": "security-group",
                    "Tags": [
                        {"Key": "Name", "Value": name},
                        {
                            "Key": "doc-redaction:cloudfront-lockdown",
                            "Value": base_sg_id,
                        },
                    ],
                }
            ],
        )
        cf_sg_id = created["GroupId"]

    perm: Dict[str, Any] = {"IpProtocol": proto}
    if from_port is not None:
        perm["FromPort"] = from_port
    if to_port is not None:
        perm["ToPort"] = to_port
    perm["PrefixListIds"] = [
        {"PrefixListId": prefix_list_id, "Description": "CloudFront origin-facing"}
    ]
    try:
        ec2_client.authorize_security_group_ingress(
            GroupId=cf_sg_id, IpPermissions=[perm]
        )
    except ClientError as exc:
        if "InvalidPermission.Duplicate" not in str(exc):
            raise
    return cf_sg_id


def _restrict_single_alb_to_cloudfront_split(
    ec2_client: Any,
    elbv2_client: Any,
    sg_id: str,
    prefix_list_id: str,
) -> str:
    """Lock an ALB to CloudFront by attaching dedicated per-port CloudFront SGs.

    Rather than stuffing the CloudFront prefix list into the ECS-managed ALB SG (which
    overflows the per-SG rule quota once the ~55-entry list is referenced on multiple
    ports), this creates one dedicated SG per open listener port containing only the
    CloudFront prefix list, attaches them to the load balancer alongside the existing
    SGs, then revokes the open internet ingress from the managed SG. The ALB's effective
    ingress is the union of all attached SGs, so there is no downtime window: CloudFront
    access is added *before* open access is removed.

    Returns ``"ok"``, ``"quota"`` (a single port still exceeds the quota),
    ``"error"``, or ``"noop"``.
    """
    from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

    lb = _get_load_balancer_for_security_group(elbv2_client, sg_id)
    if not lb or not lb.get("arn"):
        print(
            f"  Warning: no load balancer found using SG {sg_id}; cannot attach "
            "dedicated CloudFront security groups."
        )
        return "error"

    try:
        groups = ec2_client.describe_security_groups(GroupIds=[sg_id]).get(
            "SecurityGroups", []
        )
    except ClientError as exc:
        print(f"  Warning: cannot describe SG {sg_id}: {exc}")
        return "error"
    if not groups:
        print(f"  SG {sg_id} not found; skipping.")
        return "noop"

    vpc_id = groups[0].get("VpcId") or lb.get("vpc_id")
    if not vpc_id:
        print(f"  Warning: could not determine VPC for SG {sg_id}; skipping.")
        return "error"

    revoke_permissions, port_keys = _collect_open_ingress(
        groups[0].get("IpPermissions", [])
    )
    extra_attached = [s for s in lb["security_groups"] if s != sg_id]
    if not port_keys:
        if extra_attached:
            print(
                f"  SG {sg_id}: already locked down (CloudFront SG(s) attached, no "
                "open internet ingress)."
            )
            return "noop"
        port_keys = [("tcp", 80, 80), ("tcp", 443, 443)]
        print(
            f"  SG {sg_id}: no open ingress detected; defaulting CloudFront SGs to "
            "tcp 80 and 443."
        )

    cf_sg_ids: List[str] = []
    try:
        for port_key in port_keys:
            cf_sg_ids.append(
                _ensure_cloudfront_port_security_group(
                    ec2_client,
                    vpc_id=vpc_id,
                    prefix_list_id=prefix_list_id,
                    port_key=port_key,
                    base_sg_id=sg_id,
                )
            )
    except ClientError as exc:
        if "RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded" in str(exc):
            max_entries = _get_managed_prefix_list_max_entries(
                ec2_client, prefix_list_id
            )
            size = f" (~{max_entries} entries)" if max_entries else ""
            print(
                f"  Warning: the CloudFront prefix list{size} does not fit even a "
                "single dedicated security group. Raise the 'Inbound or outbound rules "
                "per security group' quota (Service Quotas > VPC, L-0EA8095F), or switch "
                "to enumerated CIDR ranges."
            )
            return "quota"
        print(
            f"  Warning: could not create CloudFront security group for {sg_id}: {exc}"
        )
        return "error"

    desired = list(dict.fromkeys(lb["security_groups"] + cf_sg_ids))
    try:
        elbv2_client.set_security_groups(
            LoadBalancerArn=lb["arn"], SecurityGroups=desired
        )
        print(
            f"  LB for {sg_id}: attached CloudFront SG(s) {', '.join(cf_sg_ids)} "
            f"({len(port_keys)} port(s))."
        )
    except ClientError as exc:
        print(
            f"  Warning: could not attach CloudFront SG(s) to the load balancer "
            f"({lb['arn']}): {exc}"
        )
        return "error"

    if revoke_permissions:
        try:
            ec2_client.revoke_security_group_ingress(
                GroupId=sg_id, IpPermissions=revoke_permissions
            )
            print(
                f"  SG {sg_id}: revoked open internet ingress (CloudFront SGs now gate "
                "access)."
            )
        except ClientError as exc:
            if "InvalidPermission.NotFound" not in str(exc):
                print(f"  Warning: could not revoke open ingress on {sg_id}: {exc}")
                return "error"
    return "ok"


def _restrict_single_alb_sg_to_cloudfront(
    ec2_client: Any,
    sg_id: str,
    prefix_list_id: str,
) -> str:
    """Replace open (0.0.0.0/0, ::/0) ingress on ``sg_id`` with the CloudFront prefix list.

    The CloudFront managed prefix list expands to ~55 entries, each counting toward the
    per-SG rule quota (default 60). To avoid ``RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded``, the
    open internet rules are revoked **first** (freeing capacity), then the prefix-list
    rule is authorized. If the authorize still fails, the open rules are restored so the
    ALB is never left unreachable. There is a brief window between revoke and authorize
    where the ALB rejects all ingress (safe fail-closed; this runs during initial deploy
    while the app is still building). Idempotent: re-running is a no-op once locked down.

    Returns a status string: ``"ok"``, ``"quota"`` (rule quota too small),
    ``"error"``, or ``"noop"``.
    """
    from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

    try:
        response = ec2_client.describe_security_groups(GroupIds=[sg_id])
    except ClientError as exc:
        print(f"  Warning: cannot describe SG {sg_id}: {exc}")
        return "error"

    groups = response.get("SecurityGroups", [])
    if not groups:
        print(f"  SG {sg_id} not found; skipping.")
        return "noop"

    permissions = groups[0].get("IpPermissions", [])
    revoke_permissions: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    authorize_permissions: List[Dict[str, Any]] = []
    preexisting_prefix_ports = set()
    queued_prefix_ports = set()

    for perm in permissions:
        proto = perm.get("IpProtocol")
        from_port = perm.get("FromPort")
        to_port = perm.get("ToPort")
        port_key = (proto, from_port, to_port)

        for pl in perm.get("PrefixListIds", []):
            if pl.get("PrefixListId") == prefix_list_id:
                preexisting_prefix_ports.add(port_key)

        open_v4 = [
            {"CidrIp": r["CidrIp"]}
            for r in perm.get("IpRanges", [])
            if r.get("CidrIp") == "0.0.0.0/0"
        ]
        open_v6 = [
            {"CidrIpv6": r["CidrIpv6"]}
            for r in perm.get("Ipv6Ranges", [])
            if r.get("CidrIpv6") == "::/0"
        ]
        if not (open_v4 or open_v6):
            continue

        revoke_perm: Dict[str, Any] = {"IpProtocol": proto}
        if from_port is not None:
            revoke_perm["FromPort"] = from_port
        if to_port is not None:
            revoke_perm["ToPort"] = to_port
        if open_v4:
            revoke_perm["IpRanges"] = open_v4
        if open_v6:
            revoke_perm["Ipv6Ranges"] = open_v6
        revoke_permissions.append(revoke_perm)

        if (
            port_key not in preexisting_prefix_ports
            and port_key not in queued_prefix_ports
        ):
            auth_perm: Dict[str, Any] = {"IpProtocol": proto}
            if from_port is not None:
                auth_perm["FromPort"] = from_port
            if to_port is not None:
                auth_perm["ToPort"] = to_port
            auth_perm["PrefixListIds"] = [
                {
                    "PrefixListId": prefix_list_id,
                    "Description": "CloudFront origin-facing",
                }
            ]
            authorize_permissions.append(auth_perm)
            queued_prefix_ports.add(port_key)

    if not revoke_permissions and not authorize_permissions:
        print(f"  SG {sg_id}: already restricted to CloudFront (no change needed).")
        return "noop"

    # Revoke the open internet ingress FIRST to free rule-quota capacity for the
    # CloudFront prefix list (which expands to ~55 rule entries).
    revoked_open = False
    if revoke_permissions:
        try:
            ec2_client.revoke_security_group_ingress(
                GroupId=sg_id, IpPermissions=revoke_permissions
            )
            revoked_open = True
            print(f"  SG {sg_id}: revoked open internet ingress.")
        except ClientError as exc:
            if "InvalidPermission.NotFound" in str(exc):
                revoked_open = True
                print(f"  SG {sg_id}: open ingress already removed.")
            else:
                print(f"  Warning: could not revoke open ingress on {sg_id}: {exc}")
                return "error"

    if not authorize_permissions:
        print(f"  SG {sg_id}: CloudFront prefix list already present.")
        return "ok"

    try:
        ec2_client.authorize_security_group_ingress(
            GroupId=sg_id, IpPermissions=authorize_permissions
        )
        print(f"  SG {sg_id}: authorized CloudFront prefix list {prefix_list_id}.")
        return "ok"
    except ClientError as exc:
        if "InvalidPermission.Duplicate" in str(exc):
            print(f"  SG {sg_id}: CloudFront prefix list rule already present.")
            return "ok"

        # Restore open access so the ALB is not left unreachable, then advise.
        if revoked_open and revoke_permissions:
            try:
                ec2_client.authorize_security_group_ingress(
                    GroupId=sg_id, IpPermissions=revoke_permissions
                )
                print(
                    f"  SG {sg_id}: restored open internet ingress after failed lockdown."
                )
            except ClientError as restore_exc:
                print(
                    f"  Warning: could not restore open ingress on {sg_id} "
                    f"(SG may now reject traffic): {restore_exc}"
                )
        if "RulesPerSecurityGroupLimitExceeded" in str(exc):
            max_entries = _get_managed_prefix_list_max_entries(
                ec2_client, prefix_list_id
            )
            needed = (max_entries + 10) if max_entries else None
            size_note = (
                f"The CloudFront prefix list needs up to {max_entries} rule slots"
                if max_entries
                else "The CloudFront prefix list is larger than the per-SG rule quota"
            )
            target = (
                f"at least {needed}" if needed else "above the prefix list size (~60+)"
            )
            print(
                f"  Warning: SG {sg_id} cannot fit the CloudFront prefix list within the "
                f"per-security-group rule quota. {size_note}. Raise the 'Inbound or "
                f"outbound rules per security group' quota (Service Quotas > VPC, "
                f"L-0EA8095F) to {target}, then re-run the lockdown; or set "
                "USE_ECS_EXPRESS_MODE=False to use an ALB you fully control."
            )
            return "quota"
        print(f"  Warning: could not authorize prefix list on {sg_id}: {exc}")
        return "error"


def restrict_express_albs_to_cloudfront(
    stack_name: str = "RedactionStack",
    region: Optional[str] = None,
    *,
    prefix_list_id: Optional[str] = None,
    output_keys: Optional[List[str]] = None,
    auto_raise_quota: bool = False,
) -> List[str]:
    """Lock the Express-managed ALB security group(s) down to CloudFront only.

    Discovers the Express managed ALB security group ids from stack outputs
    (``AlbSecurityGroupIdOutput`` for the main service, ``AgenticAlbSecurityGroupIdOutput``
    for the agentic service). For each, it creates one dedicated security group *per open
    listener port* containing only the CloudFront origin-facing managed prefix list,
    attaches those SGs to the load balancer, and revokes the open internet ingress from
    the managed SG. Splitting by port keeps every SG within the per-SG rule quota
    (default 60) without any quota increase, since the prefix list counts as ~55 entries.

    ``auto_raise_quota`` is only a last-resort fallback: it is used if even a single
    dedicated per-port SG cannot fit the prefix list (very unlikely). It requests a
    Service Quotas increase (needs AWS approval; re-run once granted).

    NOTE: The Express ALB and its security-group membership are owned by ECS Express
    Mode. If ECS reconciles the load balancer it may revert these attachments; re-run
    the quickstart to re-apply, or use ``USE_ECS_EXPRESS_MODE=False`` for full control.

    Returns the list of security group ids that were processed.
    """
    region = region or AWS_REGION
    if prefix_list_id is None:
        from cdk_config import CLOUDFRONT_PREFIX_LIST_ID

        prefix_list_id = resolve_cloudfront_origin_prefix_list_id(
            region, fallback=CLOUDFRONT_PREFIX_LIST_ID
        )
    if not prefix_list_id:
        print(
            "Skipping Express ALB CloudFront lockdown: no CloudFront prefix list id "
            "resolved (set CLOUDFRONT_PREFIX_LIST_ID)."
        )
        return []

    keys = output_keys or [
        "AlbSecurityGroupIdOutput",
        "AgenticAlbSecurityGroupIdOutput",
    ]
    sg_ids: List[str] = []
    for key in keys:
        value = (get_stack_output(stack_name, key, region) or "").strip()
        if value.startswith("sg-") and value not in sg_ids:
            sg_ids.append(value)

    if not sg_ids:
        print(
            "Skipping Express ALB CloudFront lockdown: no ALB security group ids "
            f"found in stack outputs {keys}."
        )
        return []

    print(
        f"Restricting Express ALB security group(s) to CloudFront "
        f"(prefix list {prefix_list_id}): {', '.join(sg_ids)}"
    )
    print(
        "  Using dedicated per-port CloudFront security groups (attached to the load "
        "balancer) to stay within the per-SG rule quota without any quota increase."
    )
    print(
        "  NOTE: ECS Express owns the load balancer's security-group membership; if it "
        "reconciles the ALB these attachments may be reverted — re-run this if the "
        "lockdown is lost, or set USE_ECS_EXPRESS_MODE=False for an ALB you fully own."
    )
    ec2_client = boto3.client("ec2", region_name=region)
    elbv2_client = boto3.client("elbv2", region_name=region)
    hit_quota_limit = False
    for sg_id in sg_ids:
        status = _restrict_single_alb_to_cloudfront_split(
            ec2_client, elbv2_client, sg_id, prefix_list_id
        )
        if status == "quota":
            hit_quota_limit = True

    if hit_quota_limit and auto_raise_quota:
        max_entries = _get_managed_prefix_list_max_entries(ec2_client, prefix_list_id)
        current_quota = get_security_group_rules_quota(region)
        desired = (max_entries + 10) if max_entries else 100
        if current_quota is not None:
            print(f"  Current 'rules per security group' quota: {int(current_quota)}.")
            desired = max(desired, int(current_quota) + 10)
        request_security_group_rules_quota_increase(region, desired)

    return sg_ids


def print_express_mode_next_steps(
    values: Dict[str, str],
    *,
    stack_name: str = "RedactionStack",
    region: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    """Print user-facing next steps after Express mode deploy + quickstart."""
    from cdk_config import normalize_https_redirect_url
    from cdk_functions import format_express_pi_public_url

    aws_region = region or values.get("AWS_REGION") or AWS_REGION
    use_cloudfront = values.get("USE_CLOUDFRONT") == "True"
    magic_link = values.get("CLOUDFRONT_AUTH_MODE") == "magic-link"

    main_raw = (values.get("ECS_EXPRESS_COGNITO_REDIRECT_BASE") or "").strip()
    if use_cloudfront:
        cf_domain = (
            get_stack_output(stack_name, "CloudFrontDistributionURL", aws_region) or ""
        )
        if cf_domain:
            main_raw = f"https://{cf_domain.strip()}"
    if not main_raw:
        main_raw = (
            get_stack_output(stack_name, "ExpressServiceEndpoint", aws_region) or ""
        )
    main_url = normalize_https_redirect_url(main_raw) if main_raw else ""

    print("\nDone. Next steps:")
    print("  - Wait 10 minutes for app deployment to finish.")
    if magic_link:
        login_url = get_stack_output(stack_name, "RedactionLoginUrl", aws_region) or ""
        if login_url:
            print(
                "  - Open RedactionLoginUrl from stack outputs once (sets a 7-day cookie), "
                "then use RedactionUrl for normal browsing."
            )
            print(f"  - RedactionLoginUrl: {login_url}")
        else:
            print(
                "  - Magic-link auth: see RedactionLoginUrl and RedactionAuthToken stack outputs."
            )
        prefix = (values.get("AGENT_ALB_PATH_PREFIX") or "/agent").strip()
        if not prefix.startswith("/"):
            prefix = f"/{prefix}"
        if values.get("ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE") == "True":
            agent_login_url = (
                get_stack_output(stack_name, "AgentRedactionLoginUrl", aws_region) or ""
            )
            if agent_login_url:
                print(
                    "  - Open AgentRedactionLoginUrl to unlock and open the agent (Pi) "
                    "app directly (7-day cookie)."
                )
                print(f"  - AgentRedactionLoginUrl: {agent_login_url}")
            elif main_url:
                print(f"  - Agentic UI (after unlock): {main_url.rstrip('/')}{prefix}/")
    elif values.get("ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE") == "True":
        print(
            "- Register a Cognito user in AWS Console, change password at the login page URL "
            "(available in the Cognito AWS console -> App Clients -> Login pages -> View login page "
            "and sign in at the agentic redaction URL below. The main redaction backend runs without "
            "in-app login so the agentic app can call it over Service Connect. You can disable "
            "Cognito authorisation by setting COGNITO_AUTH to False in the ECS task definition / "
            "ECS service options."
        )
    else:
        print(
            "  - If you have enabled Cognito authorisation in app, register a new user "
            "to your Cognito user pool in AWS Console and complete sign up with the app "
            "client login. If you do not want Cognito login, then set COGNITO_AUTH to "
            "False in the ECS task definition / ECS service options."
        )
    if main_url:
        label = "CloudFront URL" if use_cloudfront else "main redaction app"
        print(f"  - The {label} can be accessed at {main_url}")
    elif use_cloudfront:
        print("  - App URL: see CloudFrontDistributionURL stack output")
    else:
        print("  - The main redaction app URL: see ExpressServiceEndpoint stack output")

    if values.get("ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE") == "True" and not magic_link:
        agentic_raw = (
            get_stack_output(stack_name, "AgenticExpressEndpoint", aws_region) or ""
        )
        agentic_url = (
            format_express_pi_public_url(normalize_https_redirect_url(agentic_raw))
            if agentic_raw
            else ""
        )
        if agentic_url:
            print(f"  - The agentic redaction app can be accessed at {agentic_url}")
        else:
            print(
                "  - The agentic redaction app URL: see AgenticExpressEndpoint stack output"
            )


def resolve_agentcore_backend_env(stack_name: str, aws_region: str) -> Dict[str, str]:
    """Backend env for the AgentCore runtime: CloudFront (or Express) URL + magic-link token.

    Returns a dict with ``DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL`` and, when the backend is fronted by
    CloudFront magic-link, ``DOC_REDACTION_AUTH_TOKEN`` (+ ``DOC_REDACTION_AUTH_COOKIE_NAME``
    if non-default). Empty dict if no endpoint can be resolved.
    """
    from cdk_config import (
        CLOUDFRONT_AUTH_MODE,
        CLOUDFRONT_MAGIC_LINK_COOKIE_NAME,
        USE_CLOUDFRONT,
        normalize_https_redirect_url,
    )

    url = ""
    via_cloudfront = False
    if USE_CLOUDFRONT == "True":
        cf_domain = get_stack_output(
            stack_name, "CloudFrontDistributionURL", aws_region
        )
        if cf_domain:
            url = normalize_https_redirect_url(f"https://{cf_domain.strip()}")
            via_cloudfront = True
    if not url:
        endpoint = get_stack_output(stack_name, "ExpressServiceEndpoint", aws_region)
        if not endpoint:
            return {}
        url = normalize_https_redirect_url(endpoint)

    result: Dict[str, str] = {"DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL": url}
    if via_cloudfront and str(CLOUDFRONT_AUTH_MODE).strip().lower() == "magic-link":
        token = get_stack_output(stack_name, "RedactionAuthToken", aws_region)
        if token and token.strip():
            result["DOC_REDACTION_AUTH_TOKEN"] = token.strip()
            cookie_name = (CLOUDFRONT_MAGIC_LINK_COOKIE_NAME or "").strip()
            if cookie_name and cookie_name != "doc-redaction-auth":
                result["DOC_REDACTION_AUTH_COOKIE_NAME"] = cookie_name
        else:
            print(
                "Warning: RedactionAuthToken output not found; AgentCore requests "
                "through CloudFront magic-link will be blocked without the token."
            )
    return result


def sync_pi_agent_doc_redaction_url_for_agentcore(
    *,
    stack_name: str = "RedactionStack",
    region: Optional[str] = None,
    pi_agent_env_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    upload_and_recycle: bool = True,
) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Set ``config/agent.env`` ``DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL`` to the CloudFront (or main
    Express HTTPS) URL, plus the magic-link token when CloudFront magic-link is on.

    AgentCore runtime tools cannot use ECS Service Connect DNS. When ``upload_and_recycle``
    is set, the updated ``agent.env`` is uploaded to S3 and the Pi Express service is
    recycled so its startup S3 overlay picks up the new backend URL + token.
    """
    from cdk_config import ENABLE_AGENTCORE_RUNTIME

    if ENABLE_AGENTCORE_RUNTIME != "True":
        return None
    aws_region = region or AWS_REGION
    updates = resolve_agentcore_backend_env(stack_name, aws_region)
    if not updates:
        print(
            "Warning: ExpressServiceEndpoint / CloudFrontDistributionURL not found; "
            "agent.env DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL not updated for AgentCore."
        )
        return None
    url = updates["DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL"]
    env_path = resolve_agent_env_path(
        pi_agent_env_path, Path(__file__).resolve().parent
    )
    if not env_path.is_file():
        print(f"Note: {env_path} not found; skipping AgentCore backend URL sync.")
        return url

    _patch_env_key_values(env_path, updates)
    print(
        f"Updated {env_path} DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL for AgentCore: {url}"
        + (
            " (CloudFront + magic-link token)"
            if "DOC_REDACTION_AUTH_TOKEN" in updates
            else ""
        )
    )

    if upload_and_recycle:
        from cdk_config import (
            CLUSTER_NAME,
            ECS_PI_EXPRESS_SERVICE_NAME,
            ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE,
            S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME,
        )

        if S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME:
            upload_file_to_s3(
                local_file_paths=str(env_path),
                s3_key="",
                s3_bucket=S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME,
            )
        if ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE == "True":
            recycle_express_gateway_tasks(
                CLUSTER_NAME,
                ECS_PI_EXPRESS_SERVICE_NAME,
                aws_region=aws_region,
            )
    return url


def _patch_env_key_values(path: Union[str, Path], updates: Dict[str, str]) -> None:
    """Merge key=value pairs into a dotenv-style file (creates keys if missing)."""
    path = Path(path)
    lines: List[str] = []
    seen: set[str] = set()
    if path.is_file():
        lines = path.read_text(encoding="utf-8").splitlines()
    out: List[str] = []
    for line in lines:
        if "=" in line and not line.lstrip().startswith("#"):
            key = line.split("=", 1)[0].strip()
            if key in updates:
                out.append(f"{key}={updates[key]}")
                seen.add(key)
                continue
        out.append(line)
    for key, value in updates.items():
        if key not in seen:
            out.append(f"{key}={value}")
    path.parent.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    path.write_text("\n".join(out) + ("\n" if out else ""), encoding="utf-8")


def sync_agentcore_runtime_url_from_stack(
    *,
    stack_name: str = "RedactionStack",
    region: Optional[str] = None,
    pi_agent_env_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    cdk_env_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    recycle_agent_service: bool = True,
) -> Optional[str]:
    """
    Read ``AgentCoreRuntimeArn`` from the stack, derive ``AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL``,
    patch local env files, re-upload ``agent.env`` to S3, and recycle the agent
    Express service so the new URL is picked up.
    """
    from cdk_config import (
        CLUSTER_NAME,
        ECS_PI_EXPRESS_SERVICE_NAME,
        ENABLE_AGENTCORE_CDK_RUNTIME,
        ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE,
        S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME,
    )
    from cdk_functions import (
        derive_agentcore_runtime_url,
        normalize_agentcore_runtime_url,
    )

    if ENABLE_AGENTCORE_CDK_RUNTIME != "True":
        return None

    aws_region = region or AWS_REGION
    runtime_arn = get_stack_output(stack_name, "AgentCoreRuntimeArn", aws_region)
    if not runtime_arn:
        print(
            "Warning: AgentCoreRuntimeArn stack output not found; "
            "AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL not updated."
        )
        return None

    url = normalize_agentcore_runtime_url(
        derive_agentcore_runtime_url(runtime_arn, aws_region)
    )
    if not url:
        print("Warning: could not derive AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL from runtime ARN.")
        return None

    cdk_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
    pi_env = resolve_agent_env_path(pi_agent_env_path, cdk_dir)
    cdk_env = cdk_env_path or (cdk_dir / "config" / "cdk_config.env")
    updates = {
        "AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL": url,
        "AGENT_ORCHESTRATOR": "agentcore",
        "ENABLE_AGENTCORE_RUNTIME": "True",
    }
    if pi_env.is_file() or pi_agent_env_path is not None:
        _patch_env_key_values(pi_env, updates)
        print(f"Updated {pi_env} AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL={url}")
    if cdk_env.is_file() or cdk_env_path is not None:
        _patch_env_key_values(
            cdk_env,
            {
                **updates,
                "ENABLE_AGENTCORE_CDK_RUNTIME": "True",
            },
        )
        print(f"Updated {cdk_env} AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL={url}")

    if pi_env.is_file() and S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME:
        upload_file_to_s3(
            local_file_paths=str(pi_env),
            s3_key="",
            s3_bucket=S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME,
        )

    if recycle_agent_service and ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE == "True":
        recycle_express_gateway_tasks(
            CLUSTER_NAME,
            ECS_PI_EXPRESS_SERVICE_NAME,
            aws_region=aws_region,
        )

    return url


def _sanitize_agentcore_runtime_name(raw: str) -> str:
    """Coerce a name to the AgentCore pattern ``[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]{0,47}``.

    Bedrock AgentCore runtime names allow only letters, digits and underscores
    and must start with a letter (e.g. ``Demo-Redaction-RedactionAgent`` ->
    ``Demo_Redaction_RedactionAgent``).
    """
    cleaned = re.sub(r"[^a-zA-Z0-9_]", "_", (raw or "").strip())
    cleaned = cleaned.lstrip("0123456789_")
    if not cleaned:
        cleaned = "RedactionAgent"
    return cleaned[:48]


def _resolve_agentcore_execution_role_arn(
    stack_name: str, aws_region: str
) -> Optional[str]:
    """Execution role ARN for the AgentCore runtime.

    Prefers ``AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_ROLE_ARN`` from config; otherwise resolves the
    stack-managed ``AgentCoreRuntimeExecutionRole`` from CloudFormation.
    """
    from cdk_config import AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_ROLE_ARN

    external = (AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_ROLE_ARN or "").strip()
    if external:
        return external

    try:
        cfn = boto3.client("cloudformation", region_name=aws_region)
        resources = cfn.describe_stack_resources(StackName=stack_name)["StackResources"]
    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
        print(f"Warning: could not read stack resources for {stack_name}: {exc}")
        return None

    role_name = next(
        (
            r["PhysicalResourceId"]
            for r in resources
            if r.get("ResourceType") == "AWS::IAM::Role"
            and r.get("LogicalResourceId", "").startswith(
                "AgentCoreRuntimeExecutionRole"
            )
        ),
        None,
    )
    if not role_name:
        print(
            "Warning: AgentCoreRuntimeExecutionRole not found in "
            f"{stack_name}. Deploy with AGENTCORE_CDK_DEPLOY=True first, or set "
            "AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_ROLE_ARN in cdk_config.env."
        )
        return None

    try:
        iam = boto3.client("iam", region_name=aws_region)
        return iam.get_role(RoleName=role_name)["Role"]["Arn"]
    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
        print(f"Warning: could not resolve ARN for role {role_name}: {exc}")
        return None


def _resolve_agentcore_container_uri(
    repository_name: str, aws_region: str
) -> Optional[str]:
    """``<repo-uri>:latest`` for the AgentCore runtime image, if the repo exists."""
    try:
        ecr = boto3.client("ecr", region_name=aws_region)
        repos = ecr.describe_repositories(repositoryNames=[repository_name])[
            "repositories"
        ]
    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
        print(f"Warning: could not resolve ECR repository '{repository_name}': {exc}")
        return None
    if not repos:
        return None
    return f"{repos[0]['repositoryUri']}:latest"


def _find_existing_agentcore_runtime_arn(client, runtime_name: str) -> Optional[str]:
    """Return the ARN of an existing AgentCore runtime with ``runtime_name``."""
    try:
        paginator = None
        try:
            paginator = client.get_paginator("list_agent_runtimes")
        except Exception:  # noqa: BLE001 - not all botocore versions paginate
            paginator = None
        pages = paginator.paginate() if paginator else [client.list_agent_runtimes()]
        for page in pages:
            for rt in page.get("agentRuntimes", []) or []:
                if rt.get("agentRuntimeName") == runtime_name:
                    return rt.get("agentRuntimeArn")
    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
        print(f"Warning: could not list existing AgentCore runtimes: {exc}")
    return None


def create_agentcore_runtime_from_ecr(
    *,
    stack_name: str = "RedactionStack",
    region: Optional[str] = None,
    pi_agent_env_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    cdk_env_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    recycle_agent_service: bool = True,
) -> Optional[str]:
    """Create the Bedrock AgentCore runtime from an existing ECR image (no CDK).

    This is the no-stack-update phase 2: it calls the bedrock-agentcore-control
    API directly (mirroring the CDK ``CfnRuntime`` parameters), so it never runs
    ``cdk deploy`` and cannot mutate/delete the RedactionStack's managed
    resources. It then derives ``AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL``, patches the local env
    files, re-uploads ``agent.env`` to S3, and recycles the agent Express
    service. Idempotent: reuses an existing runtime of the same name.
    """
    from cdk_config import (
        AGENTCORE_BEDROCK_MODEL,
        AGENTCORE_NETWORK_MODE,
        AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_NAME,
        CLUSTER_NAME,
        ECR_AGENTCORE_REPO_NAME,
        ECS_PI_EXPRESS_SERVICE_NAME,
        ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE,
        S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME,
    )
    from cdk_functions import (
        derive_agentcore_runtime_url,
        normalize_agentcore_runtime_url,
    )

    aws_region = region or AWS_REGION
    runtime_name = _sanitize_agentcore_runtime_name(
        AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_NAME or "RedactionAgent"
    )

    container_uri = _resolve_agentcore_container_uri(
        ECR_AGENTCORE_REPO_NAME, aws_region
    )
    if not container_uri:
        print(
            "AgentCore runtime image is not available in ECR yet "
            f"({ECR_AGENTCORE_REPO_NAME}:latest). Build/push it first, then re-run."
        )
        return None

    role_arn = _resolve_agentcore_execution_role_arn(stack_name, aws_region)
    if not role_arn:
        return None

    try:
        client = boto3.client("bedrock-agentcore-control", region_name=aws_region)
    except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
        print(
            "Could not create a 'bedrock-agentcore-control' client "
            f"(upgrade boto3?): {exc}"
        )
        return None

    bedrock_model = (AGENTCORE_BEDROCK_MODEL or "anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6").strip()
    runtime_env_vars = {
        "AGENT_DEFAULT_PROVIDER": "amazon-bedrock",
        "AGENT_DEFAULT_MODEL": bedrock_model,
        "AWS_REGION": aws_region,
        "AWS_DEFAULT_REGION": aws_region,
        "AGENT_WORKSPACE_DIR": "/tmp/agentcore-workspace",
    }

    runtime_arn = _find_existing_agentcore_runtime_arn(client, runtime_name)
    if runtime_arn:
        print(f"Reusing existing AgentCore runtime '{runtime_name}': {runtime_arn}")
        print(
            "  Note: an existing runtime's model is not changed here. To switch the "
            f"Bedrock model (env AGENT_DEFAULT_MODEL='{bedrock_model}'), delete and "
            "recreate the runtime."
        )
    else:
        print(f"Creating AgentCore runtime '{runtime_name}' from {container_uri} ...")
        print(f"  Bedrock model: {bedrock_model} (AGENT_DEFAULT_MODEL)")
        try:
            resp = client.create_agent_runtime(
                agentRuntimeName=runtime_name,
                agentRuntimeArtifact={
                    "containerConfiguration": {"containerUri": container_uri}
                },
                roleArn=role_arn,
                networkConfiguration={
                    "networkMode": (AGENTCORE_NETWORK_MODE or "PUBLIC").upper()
                },
                environmentVariables=runtime_env_vars,
            )
        except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
            print(f"Failed to create AgentCore runtime: {exc}")
            return None
        runtime_arn = resp.get("agentRuntimeArn")
        if not runtime_arn:
            print(
                "create_agent_runtime returned no agentRuntimeArn; "
                f"response keys: {sorted(resp.keys())}"
            )
            return None
        print(f"Created AgentCore runtime: {runtime_arn}")

    url = normalize_agentcore_runtime_url(
        derive_agentcore_runtime_url(runtime_arn, aws_region)
    )
    if not url:
        print("Warning: could not derive AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL from runtime ARN.")
        return None

    cdk_dir = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
    pi_env = resolve_agent_env_path(pi_agent_env_path, cdk_dir)
    cdk_env = cdk_env_path or (cdk_dir / "config" / "cdk_config.env")
    updates = {
        "AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL": url,
        "AGENT_ORCHESTRATOR": "agentcore",
        "ENABLE_AGENTCORE_RUNTIME": "True",
    }
    # Backend URL (CloudFront when enabled) + magic-link token for the runtime.
    backend_env = resolve_agentcore_backend_env(stack_name, aws_region)
    pi_updates = {**updates, **backend_env}
    if pi_env.is_file() or pi_agent_env_path is not None:
        _patch_env_key_values(pi_env, pi_updates)
        print(f"Updated {pi_env} AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL={url}")
        if backend_env.get("DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL"):
            print(
                f"Updated {pi_env} DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL="
                f"{backend_env['DOC_REDACTION_GRADIO_URL']}"
                + (
                    " (+ magic-link token)"
                    if "DOC_REDACTION_AUTH_TOKEN" in backend_env
                    else ""
                )
            )
    if cdk_env.is_file() or cdk_env_path is not None:
        # Runtime is NOT CDK-managed here, so leave ENABLE_AGENTCORE_CDK_RUNTIME as-is.
        _patch_env_key_values(cdk_env, updates)
        print(f"Updated {cdk_env} AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL={url}")

    if pi_env.is_file() and S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME:
        upload_file_to_s3(
            local_file_paths=str(pi_env),
            s3_key="",
            s3_bucket=S3_LOG_CONFIG_BUCKET_NAME,
        )

    if recycle_agent_service and ENABLE_PI_AGENT_EXPRESS_SERVICE == "True":
        recycle_express_gateway_tasks(
            CLUSTER_NAME,
            ECS_PI_EXPRESS_SERVICE_NAME,
            aws_region=aws_region,
        )

    print(
        "\nAgentCore runtime is wired up (no stack update performed).\n"
        f"  AGENTCORE_RUNTIME_URL={url}"
    )
    return url


def _s3_object_exists(s3_client, bucket: str, key: str) -> bool:
    from botocore.exceptions import ClientError

    try:
        s3_client.head_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
        return True
    except ClientError as exc:
        code = exc.response.get("Error", {}).get("Code", "")
        if code in ("404", "NoSuchKey", "NotFound"):
            return False
        raise


def seed_headless_batch_s3_layout(
    output_bucket: str,
    *,
    input_prefix: str = "input/",
    env_prefix: str = "input/config/",
    example_env_local_path: str,
    example_env_basename: str = "example_headless_env_file.env",
    aws_region: str = AWS_REGION,
) -> None:
    """
    Ensure headless batch prefixes and example job .env exist on the output bucket.

    Idempotent: existing keys are left unchanged (safe to run from quickstart).
    """
    if not output_bucket:
        print("Skipping headless S3 layout seed: output bucket name is empty.")
        return

    input_prefix_norm = (
        input_prefix if input_prefix.endswith("/") else f"{input_prefix}/"
    )
    env_prefix_norm = env_prefix if env_prefix.endswith("/") else f"{env_prefix}/"
    if not env_prefix_norm.startswith(input_prefix_norm):
        env_prefix_norm = f"{input_prefix_norm}{env_prefix_norm.lstrip('/')}"
        if not env_prefix_norm.endswith("/"):
            env_prefix_norm += "/"

    s3_client = boto3.client("s3", region_name=aws_region)
    markers = (
        input_prefix_norm,
        env_prefix_norm,
    )
    for key in markers:
        if _s3_object_exists(s3_client, output_bucket, key):
            print(f"S3 prefix marker already present: s3://{output_bucket}/{key}")
            continue
        s3_client.put_object(Bucket=output_bucket, Key=key, Body=b"")
        print(f"Created S3 prefix marker: s3://{output_bucket}/{key}")

    example_key = f"{env_prefix_norm}{example_env_basename}"
    if _s3_object_exists(s3_client, output_bucket, example_key):
        print(f"Example job .env already present: s3://{output_bucket}/{example_key}")
        return

    if not os.path.isfile(example_env_local_path):
        print(f"Skipping example job .env upload: {example_env_local_path} not found.")
        return

    with open(example_env_local_path, "rb") as handle:
        s3_client.put_object(Bucket=output_bucket, Key=example_key, Body=handle.read())
    print(f"Uploaded example job .env to s3://{output_bucket}/{example_key}")


def print_headless_deployment_next_steps(
    values: Dict[str, str],
    *,
    stack_name: str = "RedactionStack",
    region: Optional[str] = None,
) -> None:
    """Print user-facing next steps after headless deploy + quickstart."""
    aws_region = region or values.get("AWS_REGION") or AWS_REGION
    output_bucket = (values.get("S3_OUTPUT_BUCKET_NAME") or "").strip()
    input_prefix = (values.get("S3_BATCH_INPUT_PREFIX") or "input/").strip("/")
    config_prefix = (values.get("S3_BATCH_ENV_PREFIX") or "input/config/").strip("/")

    lambda_name = (values.get("S3_BATCH_LAMBDA_FUNCTION_NAME") or "").strip()
    if not lambda_name:
        lambda_name = (
            get_stack_output(stack_name, "BatchEcsTriggerLambdaName", aws_region) or ""
        ).strip()
    if not lambda_name:
        prefix = (values.get("CDK_PREFIX") or "").strip()
        lambda_name = f"{prefix}S3BatchEcsTrigger" if prefix else "S3BatchEcsTrigger"

    input_uri = (
        f"s3://{output_bucket}/{input_prefix}/"
        if output_bucket
        else f"<output-bucket>/{input_prefix}/"
    )
    config_uri = (
        f"s3://{output_bucket}/{config_prefix}/"
        if output_bucket
        else f"<output-bucket>/{config_prefix}/"
    )
    output_uri = (
        f"s3://{output_bucket}/output/<session-folder>/"
        if output_bucket
        else "<output-bucket>/output/<session-folder>/"
    )
    example_name = "example_headless_env_file.env"

    print("\nDone. Next steps:")
    print(
        f"  - Upload a PDF file for redaction to {input_uri}. You can use the example file "
        "'example_of_emails_sent_to_a_professor_before_applying.pdf' from doc_redaction/example_data "
        "if you want to use the example .env file below."
    )
    print(
        f"  - Create a .env file for submitting a task to the folder {config_uri}."
        "You can resubmit the file '{example_name}' in the repo at cdk\config\headless_s3_seed\input\config, "
        f"(also at {config_uri}{example_name}) and change the PDF filename inside. "
        "Further direct-mode config variables are in tools/config.py (DIRECT_MODE_*)."
    )
    print(f"  - Upload your job .env file to {config_uri}")
    print(
        f"  - AWS Lambda function {lambda_name} will start an ECS task to redact your "
        "document according to your instructions."
    )
    print(
        f"  - Redaction outputs are written to {output_uri} when SAVE_OUTPUTS_TO_S3=True "
        "in your job .env (see the example file)."
    )
    log_group = (values.get("ECS_LOG_GROUP_NAME") or "").strip()
    if log_group:
        print(
            f"  - Batch task logs: CloudWatch log group {log_group} "
            "(streams appear once the container starts)."
        )