def create_main_game_prompt(input_game_md):
    main_game_prompt = [
    "You are a helpful assistant that helps convert a documented chess game from a book into a .pgn file. The text of the game is extracted from a chess book and is in markdown format. The chess moves of the game are in bold. Other than the moves, the text also contains some commentary and variations of the game. Make sure to include the commentary and variations in the .pgn file that you generate. Also, ensure you stick to the main game and don't provide an incorrect .pgn. The ordering of the text might be incorrect as the games are extracted from a book with 2 columns, so the right column text may come before the left column text and use the chess move numbers in that case to get the correct order of moves.\n\nThere can be text where other than one complete game, some incomplete games are given. This could be because the text extracted from the book might have a game that starts after the main game. Ignore such incomplete games, only include the complete game in the pgn file you generate. Do not output any other game's information, just use the input text to generate a single game's pgn.",
    "input: 10 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nI really hope you will perfectly understand the concept of centralisation and manage to implement it successfully into your games. “If the opponent neglects centralisation, just improve yours!”\n\n\n**10... Bxd2+**\n\n10... Nc6? is a mistake. After 11. Rxb4!\nNxb4 12. Qb3 White is winning. The\nfollowing line is very pretty: 12... Qxa2\n13. Bb5+ Bd7 14. Bxd7+ Kxd7 15.\nNe5+ Ke8 16. Qxb4 Qa1+ 17. Ke2\nQxh1 18. Qb5+ with mate.\n\n**11. Qxd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-9-4.png)\n\nPosition after: 12. Kxd2\n\nWhite is slightly better due to his space\nadvantage and better development.\nBlack should follow the idea ...Ke7,\n...Rd8, ...b6, ...Ba6 with centralisation\nand patient improving. But, instead...\n\n**12... 0-0?**\n\nA very bad move, neglecting centralisation principles. How should White continue? Black’s king is now far from the\ncentre and there must be a good move\n\n\n**Game 1**\n\nRubinstein – Schlechter\nSan Sebastian 1912\n\n**1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c5**\n**5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 cxd4**\n**8. cxd4 Bb4+**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-9-1.png)\n\nPosition after: 8... Bb4+\n\nWith this move and the next, Black intends to finish development and exchange some material. That is generally\na good strategy against an opponent's\nspace advantage.\n\n**9. Bd2 Qa5 10. Rb1!**\n\n10. Bxb4 is wrong. After 10... Qxb4+\n11. Qd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 Ke7 there\nare no problems for Black. After the text\nmove, White has an extra tempo – the\nrook is already on b1!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 11\n\n\nleading to a serious advantage! Rubinstein's next move proves he was one of\nthe greatest players ever – no other\nplayer could so easily find such fine\nmoves. The next move is a testament to\nhis amazing, colossal strategical knowledge.\n\n**13. Bb5!**\n\nBrilliant move – one of the best ever!\nIt looks like a waste of time, but White\nwill actually win a tempo! The move has\ntwo points. Firstly, it prevents natural\ndeveloping moves such as ...Nc6,\n...Nd7 and ...Bd7. And secondly, it\nforces the move 13... a6, weakening the\nb6-square.\n\n13. Bd3 b6 14. Rhc1 Ba6 15. Rc7\nBxd3 16. Kxd3 Na6 looks OK for\nBlack.\n\n**13... a6 14. Bd3 Rd8**\n\n14... Nc6 15. Rb6 is very bad for Black.\n\n**15. Rhc1**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-10-0.png)\n\nPosition after: 15. Rhc1\n\n\n**15... b5**\n\nA sad necessity. Black is forced to play\nwith pawns while White's army enjoys\nperfectly centralised squares. Fixed\npawns on a6 and b5 will be good targets. There are also weak dark-squares\non the queenside.\n\n**16. Rc7 Nd7 17. Ke3! Nf6 18. Ne5!**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-10-4.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-10-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 18. Ne5!\n\nAbsolute harmony! Please, take a look\nat Rubinstein's last moves. First with 17.\nKe3 he protected the d4-pawn, making\nthe knight ready for action. With the following move, he prevented a check on\ng4 – so the king, pawn and knight nicely\ncollaborate. Each piece supports centralisation and keeps the opponent's\npieces far from the centre!\n\nThere were not many such masters in\nthe past so dedicated to centralisation\nas Great Akiba was!\n\n**18... Bd7 19. g4! h6**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\n\n-----\n\n12 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nConverting a positional advantage into\na material one.\n\n**26... f6**\n\n26... Rd6 allows a beautiful finale after\n27. Ra8 Kf828.g6fxg629. Nxg6+ Kf7\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 19... h6\n\n**20. f4!**\n\nCorrect decision! White renews the\nthreat of g5.\n\nPosition after: 29... Kf7\n\n\n20. h4 is not so good – the f-file is more\nimportant than the h-file!\n\n**20... Be8 21. g5 hxg5 22. fxg5 Nh7 23.**\n**h4 Rdc8 24. Rbc1 Rxc7 25. Rxc7**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-4.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 25. Rxc7\n\nBlack's position is hopeless. There is a\nbig difference in activity! White’s centralised pieces are ultra-powerful, while\nthe black pieces are out of play.\n\n**25... Rd8 26. Ra7**\n\n\n30. Nh8+! Kf8 31. e5 Now, the white\npieces are placed in corners, but this\nsetup decides the game!\n\n**27. gxf6 gxf6 28. Ng4 Bh5 29. Nh6+**\nKh8\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-9.png)\n\nPosition after: 29... Kh8\n\n**30. Be2!**\n\nFollowing the same strategy and kicking\nout active pieces!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 13\n\n\n**30... Be8**\n\n30... Bxe2? 31. Nf7+\n\n**31. Rxa6 Kg7 32. Ng4 f5 33. Ra7+!**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-12-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 33. Ra7+!\n\n**33... Kh8**\n\n33... Kg6 is bad, there is a risk Black's\nking will be mated. 34. h5+ Kg5 35.\nRg7+ Kh4 36. exf5 exf5 37. Nh6 is\nwinning. Now 37... Nf8 38. Nxf5+ Kh3\n39. Bf1+ Kh2 40. Rg2+ Kh3 41.\nRg3+ Kh2 42. Kf2 leads to mate.\n\n**34. Ne5 fxe4**\n\nPosition after: 34... fxe4\n\n\nIt looks like Black consolidated his position by exchanging some material. But,\nRubinstein's next move proves Black is\ndesperately lost – after perfectly carrying out the game strategically, there\nmust be some tactics coming up!\n\n**35.** Bxb5! Nf6 36. Bxe8 Rxe8 37.\nKf4!\n\nWhite chooses the fastest plan. Black’s\nking is in danger and White goes directly\nfor the kill.\n\n**37... Kg8 38. Kg5 Rf8 39. Kg6**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-12-11.png)\n\nPosition after: 39. Kg6\n\nBlack resigns! What a triumph! From\nthe opening, the white pieces dominated in the centre, while Black was not\nallowed to activate his pieces, even for\na moment! Black made only one bad\nmove – castling, and it was enough for\nRubinstein to demonstrate his amazing\nunderstanding of chess strategy, giving\na perfect example to his followers!\n\n**1-0**",
    "output: [Event \"San Sebastian 1912\"]\n[Site \"San Sebastian\"]\n[Date \"1912.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Rubinstein\"]\n[Black \"Schlechter\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 cxd4 8. cxd4 Bb4+ {With this move and the next, Black intends to finish development and exchange some material. That is generally a good strategy against an opponent's space advantage.} 9. Bd2 Qa5 10. Rb1! {10. Bxb4 is wrong. After 10... Qxb4+ 11. Qd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 Ke7, there are no problems for Black. After the text move, White has an extra tempo – the rook is already on b1!} 10... Bxd2+ 11. Qxd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 {White is slightly better due to his space advantage and better development.} 12... O-O? {A very bad move, neglecting centralisation principles. How should White continue? Black’s king is now far from the centre and there must be a good move.} 13. Bb5! {Brilliant move – one of the best ever! It looks like a waste of time, but White will actually win a tempo! The move has two points. Firstly, it prevents natural developing moves such as ...Nc6, ...Nd7 and ...Bd7. Secondly, it forces 13... a6, weakening the b6-square.} 13... a6 14. Bd3 Rd8 {14... Nc6 15. Rb6 is very bad for Black.} 15. Rhc1 {White's pieces are perfectly centralised.} 15... b5 {A sad necessity. Black is forced to play with pawns while White's army enjoys perfectly centralised squares. Fixed pawns on a6 and b5 will be good targets. There are also weak dark-squares on the queenside.} 16. Rc7 Nd7 17. Ke3! {Absolute harmony! With 17. Ke3, White protects the d4-pawn, making the knight ready for action.} 17... Nf6 18. Ne5! {Preventing a check on g4, each piece supports centralisation and keeps the opponent's pieces far from the centre!} 18... Bd7 19. g4! h6 20. f4! {White renews the threat of g5.} 20... Be8 21. g5 hxg5 22. fxg5 Nh7 23. h4 Rdc8 24. Rbc1 Rxc7 25. Rxc7 {Black's position is hopeless. White’s centralised pieces are ultra-powerful, while Black's are out of play.} 25... Rd8 26. Ra7 f6 27. gxf6 gxf6 28. Ng4 Bh5 29. Nh6+ Kh8 30. Be2! {Following the same strategy and kicking out Black's active pieces.} 30... Be8 31. Rxa6 Kg7 32. Ng4 f5 33. Ra7+! {33... Kg6 is bad, there is a risk Black's king will be mated.} 33... Kh8 34. Ne5 fxe4 35. Bxb5! {It looks like Black consolidated his position by exchanging some material, but Rubinstein's next move proves Black is desperately lost.} 35... Nf6 36. Bxe8 Rxe8 37. Kf4! {White chooses the fastest plan. Black’s king is in danger and White goes directly for the kill.} 37... Kg8 38. Kg5 Rf8 39. Kg6 1-0 {Black resigns! A triumph for Rubinstein, showcasing perfect chess strategy.}",
    "input: 18 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 e4 3. Nd4 Nc6 4. Nc2**\nBc5 5. Nc3 Nf6\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-17-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 33. Ne3\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-17-6.png)\n\nThe rest is simple.\n\nPosition after: 5... Nf6\n\n\n**33... b5 34. Nf5** Nb6 35. Nxh6 Nc4\n**36. Nf5 Kf7**\n\n36... Nxb2 37. h6 Kf7 38. h7+–\n\n**37. b3 Nd2+ 38. Ke3 Nf1+**\n\nBlack resigned without waiting for\nWhite to respond. The knight is trapped. A game won in typical “Karpovian”\nstyle. Centralisation and patient improving with fine realisation at the end.\nVery often he would leave opponents\nconfused after the game, desperately\nwanting to understand where they\nerred. No obvious mistakes – just superb Karpov style and technique.\n\n**1-0**\n\n**Game 3**\n\nReti – Nimzowitsch\nMarienbad 1925\n\n\nBoth sides played unconventionally, but\nnow the pawn setup starts to resemble\nthe French Defence, exchange variation\nstructure. It really looks like Black has\nno problems – White has spent time to\ntransfer the knight to c2.\n\n**6. d4 exd3 7. exd3 d5!**\n\nWhite wanted to gain some tempi by\nadvancing his d-pawn.\n\n**8. d4 Be7 9. c5**\n\nPosition after: 9. c5\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 19\n\n\n**9... Bf5**\n\nEvidently, Black will first activate his\ntroops. White must be wary of attacks\nwith ...b6. There is already the direct\nthreat to the d4-pawn.\n\n9... b6?! 10. Bb5 Bd7 11. 0-0 0-0\ndoesn't give Black anything. Nimzowitch\nmanaged to attack the white pawnchain in better fashion.\n\n**10. Bd3**\n\n10. Bb5 is another option. 10... 0-0 11.\nNe3 [11. Bxc6 bxc6 must be at least\ncomfortable for Black, or even slightly\nbetter.] 11... Bg6 12. 0-0 Qd7 is one of\nthe possible continuations. Black is doing perfectly fine.\n\n**10... Bxd3 11. Qxd3 b6!**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-18-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 11... b6!\n\nThe right moment!\n\n**12. 0-0**\n\n**A) 12. cxb6 axb6 is excellent for Black.**\n\n\n**B) 12. b4?! a5!**\n\nPosition after: 12... a5!\n\n13. a3 [13. b5? Nb4! and the white position collapses. Now the point of\nBlack's 9th move is clear – the queen is\nprovoked to the d3-square, and the\nknight jumps to b4 with tempo.] 13...\naxb4 14. axb4 Rxa1 15. Nxa1 bxc5 16.\nbxc5 Ne4 with good chances for Black.\n\n**12... 0-0 13. Bg5**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-18-4.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-18-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 13. Bg5\n\n**13... h6!**\n\n13... bxc5 14. dxc5 Ne5 15. Qg3 attacking the knight on e5, Black doesn't have\ntime to play ...c6, fixing the c5-pawn on\na dark square and supporting the strong\nd5-pawn.\n\n\n-----\n\n20 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**14. Bh4**\n\n14. Bxf6 Bxf6 was another option for\nWhite. Black’s position is very solid.\n\n**14... bxc5! 15. dxc5 Ne5**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-19-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 18. Nb4\n\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-19-0.png)\n\nIntending to put that knight on d3, protecting c5 and blockading the passed dpawn. White understands the blockade\non d4 would not be efficient, and is\nready to establish it on d3. On the other\nhand, Black successfully finished development and already is slightly better.\nThe main factor for such an evaluation\nis White’s exposed pawn on c5, fixed on\na dark square. Black’s bishop will be\nmore dangerous. Even the black knights\ncan more easily find good squares. In a\nfew moves, Black’s pieces will dominate\nthe centre, while White’s pieces will be\nwithout harmony.\n\n**18... Rc8**\n\nBetter than to use the queen to protect\nc6. This rook will temporarily be a defender – the b8-square is controlled by\nthe bishop on g3. Meanwhile, the black\nqueen can be active, probably on a5.\n\n**19. h3?!**\n\nHow to punish White for this inaccuracy? Instead of taking care of Black's\n\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-19-1.png)\n\nPosition after: 15... Ne5\n\n**16. Qd4**\n\n16. Qg3 Ng6! threatening ...Nh4 and\n...Ne4.\n\n**16... Ng6**\n\nAnd here is the point behind Black's\n13th move. The bishop on h4 is attacked\nand Black is able to support the pawn on\nd5!\n\n**17. Bg3**\n\n17. Bxf6 Bxf6 18. Qxd5 Bxc3 19.\nQxd8 Rfxd8 20. bxc3 Rd5 must be in\nBlack's favour. His rook on c5 will both\nattack the weak pawn on c3 and protect\nweak c7-pawn.\n\n**17... c6 18. Nb4**\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 21\n\n\n**22...** Qxa4 23. Nxa4 Ne4! 24. Bh2\nNe6\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-20-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 24... Ne6\n\nPlease, remember this position. You can\nsee total disharmony in White's army.\nAnd full harmony in Black's. Take a look\nat the white knights, which must protect the weak pawn on c5, especially the\none on a4. At the same time, the black\nknights are placed perfectly, controlling\nthe entire centre. Notice, it is very useful to place knights and pawns on\nsquares of the same colour. Placing\nthem this way, you will control both\nlight and dark squares. Also, the pawns\ncan protect the knights. In our game,\nthe black knights are truly dominant,\nbut they would not be as dangerous\nwithout the support from the pawns.\nBlack is much better.\n\n**25. b4 Nd4!**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\nThere is a stormy dark cloud in the centre of the board.\n\n\ninitiative in the centre, White just ignored it. Well, let’s go for centralisation! Nimzowitsch convincingly increases the initiative, proving White\nmust play very precisely. He decided to\nimprove his centre, while increasing\nharmony and putting more pressure on\nthe c5-pawn.\n\n19. Nd3 was much better. The move\nplayed in the game is just a waste of\ntime. Black would never go for ...Nh5.\n\n**19... Re8! 20. Rad1 Nf8! 21. Nd3**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-20-0.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-20-1.png)\n\nPosition after: 21. Nd3\n\n**21... Qa5**\n\n21... Ne6 was natural and also a very\ngood move. But, Nimzowitsch decided\nto give White the chance to exchange\nqueens.\n\n**22. Qa4**\n\n22. b4? Qa3! and after ...Ne6, Black\nwould destroy the white pawn structure\nby playing ...a5.\n\n\n-----\n\n22 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nA blunder. But, it is evident that Black\nwas much better.\n\n**27...** Rxe5 28. Nxe5 Bxf2+ 29. Kf1\nBxe1 30. Rxd4\n\n30. Rxe1 Nc2–+\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-21-2.png)\n\n**30... Bg3! 31. Nf3**\n\nPosition after: 25... Nd4!\n\n**26. Rfe1**\n\nRenewing the threat of f2-f3.\n\n26. f3 is prevented. Black wins after 26...\nNe2+ 27. Kh1 N4g3+.\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-21-10.png)\n\n**26... Bh4**\n\nPosition after: 31. Nf3\n\n**31... Re8!**\n\nKeeping the white king in a prison while\nthreatening mate on e1.\n\n**32. Rd1 Re6**\n\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-21-6.png)\n\nWith the idea to play ...Ng5 and then\npenetrate with ...Rf6–...Rf2.\n\n**33. Rc1 Kf8**\n\nWhite’s position is hopeless. Black patiently activates his king.\n\n**34. Nc3 Nxc3 35. Rxc3 Re4 36. a3**\n\n\nPosition after: 26... Bh4\n\nHe who dominates in the centre can\nplay on the flanks. The text move keeps\nthe knight on e4 active and puts pressure on the f2-pawn.\n\n**27. Be5?**\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 23\n\n\n36. b5 cxb5 37. c6 Rc4–+\n\n**36... Ke8 37. Rd3 a6 38. Rd4**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-22-0.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-22-1.png)\n\nPosition after: 38. Rd4\n\nWhite desperately wants to get rid of\nBlack’s ultra-active pieces. But simplifications are in Black's favour - he has an\nextra pawn.\n\n**38... f5!**\n\nA demonstration of power.\n\n**39. a4 Kd7 40. b5 axb5 41. axb5 cxb5!**\n**42. Rxd5+**\n\nPosition after: 42. Rxd5+\n\n\nIt looks like White has achieved a lot. He\nreduced the material on the board and\nactivated his rook... but, there is one\nproblem – he cannot capture on f5.\n\n**42... Kc6 43. Rd4**\n\n43. Rxf5 b4 44. Rf8 b3 45. Rd8 b2 46.\nRd1 Rc4 47. Nd2 Rc2 wins easily.\n\n**43... Kxc5 44. Rxe4 fxe4 45. Nd2**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-22-10.png)\n\nPosition after: 45. Nd2\n\nThe rest is a matter of technique. Not a\nproblem for a master such as Nimzowitsch.\n\n**45... Kd4 46. Ke2 Bf4 47. Nb3+ Kc4**\n**48.** Na5+ Kc3 49. Nb7 b4 50. Nc5\nKc2 51. g3 Bxg3\n\nWhite resigned. One of the most illustrative games ever on the topic of\ncentralisation and harmony. A masterpiece by the great Aron.\n\n**0-1**",
    "output: [Event \"Marienbad 1925\"]\n[Site \"Marienbad\"]\n[Date \"1925.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Reti\"]\n[Black \"Nimzowitsch\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n\n1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 e4 3. Nd4 Nc6 4. Nc2 Bc5 5. Nc3 Nf6 {Both sides played unconventionally, but now the pawn setup starts to resemble the French Defence, exchange variation structure. It really looks like Black has no problems – White has spent time to transfer the knight to c2.} 6. d4 exd3 7. exd3 d5! {White wanted to gain some tempi by advancing his d-pawn.} 8. d4 Be7 9. c5 {Evidently, Black will first activate his troops. White must be wary of attacks with ...b6. There is already the direct threat to the d4-pawn.} 9... Bf5 {9... b6?! 10. Bb5 Bd7 11. 0-0 0-0 doesn't give Black anything. Nimzowitsch managed to attack the white pawnchain in better fashion.} 10. Bd3 {10. Bb5 is another option. 10... 0-0 11. Ne3 [11. Bxc6 bxc6 must be at least comfortable for Black, or even slightly better.] 11... Bg6 12. 0-0 Qd7 is one of the possible continuations. Black is doing perfectly fine.} 10... Bxd3 11. Qxd3 b6! {The right moment!} 12. 0-0 {A) 12. cxb6 axb6 is excellent for Black. B) 12. b4?! a5! 13. a3 [13. b5? Nb4! and the white position collapses. Now the point of Black's 9th move is clear – the queen is provoked to the d3-square, and the knight jumps to b4 with tempo.] 13... axb4 14. axb4 Rxa1 15. Nxa1 bxc5 16. bxc5 Ne4 with good chances for Black.} 12... 0-0 13. Bg5 {13... bxc5 14. dxc5 Ne5 15. Qg3 attacking the knight on e5, Black doesn't have time to play ...c6, fixing the c5-pawn on a dark square and supporting the strong d5-pawn.} 13... h6! 14. Bh4 {14. Bxf6 Bxf6 was another option for White. Black’s position is very solid.} 14... bxc5! 15. dxc5 Ne5 {Intending to put that knight on d3, protecting c5 and blockading the passed d-pawn. White understands the blockade on d4 would not be efficient, and is ready to establish it on d3. On the other hand, Black successfully finished development and already is slightly better. The main factor for such an evaluation is White’s exposed pawn on c5, fixed on a dark square. Black’s bishop will be more dangerous. Even the black knights can more easily find good squares. In a few moves, Black’s pieces will dominate the centre, while White’s pieces will be without harmony.} 16. Qd4 {16. Qg3 Ng6! threatening ...Nh4 and ...Ne4.} 16... Ng6 {And here is the point behind Black's 13th move. The bishop on h4 is attacked and Black is able to support the pawn on d5!} 17. Bg3 {17. Bxf6 Bxf6 18. Qxd5 Bxc3 19. Qxd8 Rfxd8 20. bxc3 Rd5 must be in Black's favour. His rook on c5 will both attack the weak pawn on c3 and protect weak c7-pawn.} 17... c6 18. Nb4 18... Rc8 {Better than to use the queen to protect c6. This rook will temporarily be a defender – the b8-square is controlled by the bishop on g3. Meanwhile, the black queen can be active, probably on a5.} 19. h3?! {How to punish White for this inaccuracy? Instead of taking care of Black's initiative in the centre, White just ignored it. Well, let’s go for centralisation! Nimzowitsch convincingly increases the initiative, proving White must play very precisely. He decided to improve his centre, while increasing harmony and putting more pressure on the c5-pawn.} 19... Re8! 20. Rad1 Nf8! 21. Nd3 {19. Nd3 was much better. The move played in the game is just a waste of time. Black would never go for ...Nh5.} 21... Qa5 {21... Ne6 was natural and also a very good move. But, Nimzowitsch decided to give White the chance to exchange queens.} 22. Qa4 {22. b4? Qa3! and after ...Ne6, Black would destroy the white pawn structure by playing ...a5.} 22... Qxa4 23. Nxa4 Ne4! 24. Bh2 Ne6 {Please, remember this position. You can see total disharmony in White's army. And full harmony in Black's. Take a look at the white knights, which must protect the weak pawn on c5, especially the one on a4. At the same time, the black knights are placed perfectly, controlling the entire centre. Notice, it is very useful to place knights and pawns on squares of the same colour. Placing them this way, you will control both light and dark squares. Also, the pawns can protect the knights. In our game, the black knights are truly dominant, but they would not be as dangerous without the support from the pawns. Black is much better.} 25. b4 Nd4! {There is a stormy dark cloud in the centre of the board.} 26. Rfe1 {Renewing the threat of f2-f3. 26. f3 is prevented. Black wins after 26... Ne2+ 27. Kh1 N4g3+.} 26... Bh4 {He who dominates in the centre can play on the flanks. The text move keeps the knight on e4 active and puts pressure on the f2-pawn.} 27. Be5? {A blunder. But, it is evident that Black was much better.} 27... Rxe5 28. Nxe5 Bxf2+ 29. Kf1 Bxe1 30. Rxd4 {30. Rxe1 Nc2–+} 30... Bg3! 31. Nf3 {Keeping the white king in a prison while threatening mate on e1.} 31... Re8! 32. Rd1 Re6 {With the idea to play ...Ng5 and then penetrate with ...Rf6–...Rf2.} 33. Rc1 Kf8 {White’s position is hopeless. Black patiently activates his king.} 34. Nc3 Nxc3 35. Rxc3 Re4 36. a3 {36. b5 cxb5 37. c6 Rc4–+} 36... Ke8 37. Rd3 a6 38. Rd4 {White desperately wants to get rid of Black’s ultra-active pieces. But simplifications are in Black's favour - he has an extra pawn.} 38... f5! {A demonstration of power.} 39. a4 Kd7 40. b5 axb5 41. axb5 cxb5! 42. Rxd5+ {It looks like White has achieved a lot. He reduced the material on the board and activated his rook... but, there is one problem – he cannot capture on f5.} 42... Kc6 43. Rd4 {43. Rxf5 b4 44. Rf8 b3 45. Rd8 b2 46. Rd1 Rc4 47. Nd2 Rc2 wins easily.} 43... Kxc5 44. Rxe4 fxe4 45. Nd2 {The rest is a matter of technique. Not a problem for a master such as Nimzowitsch.} 45... Kd4 46. Ke2 Bf4 47. Nb3+ Kc4 48. Na5+ Kc3 49. Nb7 b4 50. Nc5 Kc2 51. g3 Bxg3 0-1 {White resigned. One of the most illustrative games ever on the topic of centralisation and harmony. A masterpiece by the great Aron.}",
    "input: 14 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**9... Nc6 10. Nxc6!**\n\nThis is the only move that keeps the advantage. It looks like a loss of tempo,\nbut other moves would waste time.\n\n**A) 10.** Nb3? 0-0-0! with the idea of\n...Nb4 or ...Ne5. Surprisingly, Black\ngets the initiative immediately.\n\n**B) 10. Nf3?! Be6!? 11. Bxe6 fxe6 12.**\nNc3 Nf6 then placing the king on e7\nand occupying the d-file looks very solid\nfor Black.\n\n**C) 10.** Nb5? can even be fatal 10...\n0-0-0 11. Bxf7? Ne5 12. Bxg8 Bxb5\n13. Be6+ Kb8 14. Nc3 Ba6 and\nWhite is hopeless.\n\n**10... Bxc6 11. Nc3**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-13-4.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-13-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 11. Nc3\n\n**11... Rd8?**\n\nThis is the first imprecise move. Black\nwants to prevent White from castling\nlong, but White actually wants to place\nhis king on e2 and then e3. As a result,\n\n\n**Game 2**\n\nKarpov – Seirawan\nSkelleftea 1989\n\n**1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. e4 e5 4.** Nf3\nBb4+ 5. Bd2 Bxd2+ 6. Qxd2 exd4 7.\nQxd4 Qxd4 8. Nxd4 Bd7 9. Bxc4\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-13-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 9. Bxc4\n\nThe game started pretty sharply and an\nuncommon line was chosen by the players. But, after exchanges, it is clear the\ngame will be a positional one. Actually,\nBlack should be satisfied with the position that arose from the opening. The\nbiggest problem for Black is his opponent. Karpov always played superbly in\npositions with a small but stable positional advantage – such positions were\nhis trademark throughout his career.\n\nWhite is slightly better due to a small\nspace advantage and slightly better development. White is about to harmoniously place his pieces in the centre,\nseeking the initiative. With his next\nmove, Black tries to stop this.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 15\n\n\n**15. Rac1**\n\nCreating “x-ray” pressure on the c-file.\n\n**15... Rxd1 16. Rxd1 Rb8**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-14-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 16... Rb8\n\nPreparing to advance the b-pawn,\nwhich is ignored by White. This move\nwould only weaken the c5-square. Another move away from the centre.\n\n**17. Ke3 g6**\n\n17... b5 18. Bf1 b4 19. Ne2\n\nPosition after: 19. Ne2\n\nis bad for Black. White moves his knight\nto d4 and rook to c1, with various\nthreats.\n\n\nBlack will have problems with the f7pawn, which will soon become clear.\n\n11... Nf6! was correct. After 12. f3 Ke7\n13. Ke2 Rhd8 White's advantage is\nonly visual and not significant.\n\n**12. Ke2 Nf6 13. f3 Ke7 14. Rhd1**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-14-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 14. Rhd1\n\nComparing this position with the aforementioned line, it is clear that Black has\nthe \"wrong\" rook on d8. Evidently, he\ncannot capture on d1 followed by placing the other rook on d8 because the\npawn on f7 is hanging. Actually, it is not\nobvious how to effectively activate the\nh8-rook without wasting time.\n\n**14... a5**\n\nProbably played with the idea to \"activate the majority\". Of course, that is not\nthe way to activate. Another idea might\nbe the activation of the rook via the afile. Black is forced to play on the flank\n– that is a bad sign. He lost the struggle\nfor the centre and is paying the price.\n\n\n-----\n\n16 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**18. Bb3**\n\nA prophylactic move against 18... b5.\n\n**18... Ra8**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-15-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 18... Ra8\n\nBlack still wanders. Although, it is difficult to suggest anything else. Whenever\nthe bishop on c6 moves, White will play\ne5, which is crushing. On the kingside,\nBlack cannot find any single reasonable\nmove either. He is forced to wait...\n\n**19. Rd4!**\n\nTypical Karpov move. After any move\nfar away from the centre from Black, he\nanswers with a strong centralisation\nmove, building stronger and stronger\nboth positional and psychological pressure. The rook from d4 prevents ...a4\nand is also ready to be transferred to\nthe kingsideafter advancingthe e-pawn.\n\n**19... Nd7**\n\nWhat else?\n\n\n**20. Bd5**\n\nBlack voluntarily reduced control over\nthe d5-square and White immediately\ntakes his chance. 20. Nd5+ is wrong. After 20... Bxd5 21. Bxd5 Ne5! 22.\nBxb7 Rb8 Black is not worse. His\npieces finally become active.\n\n**20... Ra6 21. f4!**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-15-4.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-15-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 21. f4!\n\nImproving the kingside position, enabling e5 and waiting for the opponent to\ncapture first.\n\n**21... f6 22. h4!**\n\n22. g4? g5! and the black knight finally\ngets the perfect outpost on e5.\n\n**22... h6**\n\nOnce again, Black is ready to play ...g5.\n\n**23. g3**\n\nDon't rush!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 17\n\n\n**23... Bxd5 24. Nxd5+ Kd8**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-16-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 24... Kd8\n\n**25. Nc3!**\n\nEvery simplification would be in Black's\nfavour. Black wanted to play ...Rd6 followed by ...c6.\n\n**25... Rb6 26. Rd2!**\n\nThe rook's job on the 4th rank is over. It\nnow goes to the 2nd rank to support the\nmove h5. The point is that White wants\nto eliminate Black’s g6-pawn and create\nan outpost on f5! With three connected\npawns on the same rank, it is very natural to attack the middle one – if it is exchanged or advanced, an outpost would\nbe created (see comments on White’s\nmove 22).\n\n**A) 26. b3? is the wrong move order. Af-**\nter 26... Rc6, whatever White chooses,\nthe rook cannot easily be placed on the\n2nd rank. Actually, if Black moves the\nrook to some other square, the move b3\nwould not be needed at all.\n\n\n**B) 26. h5 of course was strong too, but**\nKarpov did not want to change the\nrhythm of play. Indeed, why go for\ncomplications if everything is going\nsmoothly?\n\n**26... c6 27. h5! g5 28. Kf3**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-16-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 28. Kf3\n\nBoth the knight and king are ready to\noccupy the f5-square.\n\n**28... Ke7 29. Ne2?!**\n\n29. Nd1! is much better – the knight\ninevitably gets to f5.\n\n**29... c5 30. Nc3 Rd6 31. Rd5**\n\n31. Rxd6 Kxd6 32. e5+ Ke6 would\ncomplicate White's task. The text move\nleaves Black in a hopeless situation.\n\n**31... Rxd5**\n\nWhat else? Black is paralysed.\n\n**32. Nxd5+ Ke6 33. Ne3**\n\n\n-----\n\n18 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 e4 3. Nd4 Nc6 4. Nc2**\nBc5 5. Nc3 Nf6\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-17-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 33. Ne3\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-17-6.png)\n\nThe rest is simple.\n\nPosition after: 5... Nf6\n\n\n**33... b5 34. Nf5** Nb6 35. Nxh6 Nc4\n**36. Nf5 Kf7**\n\n36... Nxb2 37. h6 Kf7 38. h7+–\n\n**37. b3 Nd2+ 38. Ke3 Nf1+**\n\nBlack resigned without waiting for\nWhite to respond. The knight is trapped. A game won in typical “Karpovian”\nstyle. Centralisation and patient improving with fine realisation at the end.\nVery often he would leave opponents\nconfused after the game, desperately\nwanting to understand where they\nerred. No obvious mistakes – just superb Karpov style and technique.\n\n**1-0**\n\n**Game 3**\n\nReti – Nimzowitsch\nMarienbad 1925\n\n\nBoth sides played unconventionally, but\nnow the pawn setup starts to resemble\nthe French Defence, exchange variation\nstructure. It really looks like Black has\nno problems – White has spent time to\ntransfer the knight to c2.\n\n**6. d4 exd3 7. exd3 d5!**\n\nWhite wanted to gain some tempi by\nadvancing his d-pawn.\n\n**8. d4 Be7 9. c5**\n\nPosition after: 9. c5",
    "output: [Event \"Skelleftea 1989\"]\n[Site \"Skelleftea\"]\n[Date \"1989.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Karpov\"]\n[Black \"Seirawan\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. e4 e5 4. Nf3 Bb4+ 5. Bd2 Bxd2+ 6. Qxd2 exd4 7. Qxd4 Qxd4 8. Nxd4 Bd7 9. Bxc4 {The game started pretty sharply and an uncommon line was chosen by the players. But, after exchanges, it is clear the game will be a positional one. Actually, Black should be satisfied with the position that arose from the opening. The biggest problem for Black is his opponent. Karpov always played superbly in positions with a small but stable positional advantage - such positions were his trademark throughout his career.} 9... Nc6 10. Nxc6! {This is the only move that keeps the advantage. It looks like a loss of tempo, but other moves would waste time. A) 10. Nb3? 0-0-0! with the idea of ...Nb4 or ...Ne5. Surprisingly, Black gets the initiative immediately. B) 10. Nf3?! Be6!? 11. Bxe6 fxe6 12. Nc3 Nf6 then placing the king on e7 and occupying the d-file looks very solid for Black. C) 10. Nb5? can even be fatal 10... 0-0-0 11. Bxf7? Ne5 12. Bxg8 Bxb5 13. Be6+ Kb8 14. Nc3 Ba6 and White is hopeless.} 10... Bxc6 11. Nc3 {White is slightly better due to a small space advantage and slightly better development.} 11... Rd8? {This is the first imprecise move. Black wants to prevent White from castling long, but White actually wants to place his king on e2 and then e3. As a result, 11... Nf6! was correct. After 12. f3 Ke7 13. Ke2 Rhd8 White's advantage is only visual and not significant.} 12. Ke2 Nf6 13. f3 Ke7 14. Rhd1 {Comparing this position with the aforementioned line, it is clear that Black has the \"wrong\" rook on d8. Evidently, he cannot capture on d1 followed by placing the other rook on d8 because the pawn on f7 is hanging. Actually, it is not obvious how to effectively activate the h8-rook without wasting time.} 14... a5 {Probably played with the idea to \"activate the majority\". Of course, that is not the way to activate. Another idea might be the activation of the rook via the a-file. Black is forced to play on the flank - that is a bad sign. He lost the struggle for the centre and is paying the price.} 15. Rac1 {Creating “x-ray” pressure on the c-file.} 15... Rxd1 16. Rxd1 Rb8 {Preparing to advance the b-pawn, which is ignored by White. This move would only weaken the c5-square. Another move away from the centre.} 17. Ke3 g6 {17... b5 18. Bf1 b4 19. Ne2 is bad for Black. White moves his knight to d4 and rook to c1, with various threats. Black will have problems with the f7-pawn, which will soon become clear.} 18. Bb3 {A prophylactic move against 18... b5.} 18... Ra8 {Black still wanders. Although, it is difficult to suggest anything else. Whenever the bishop on c6 moves, White will play e5, which is crushing. On the kingside, Black cannot find any single reasonable move either. He is forced to wait...} 19. Rd4! {Typical Karpov move. After any move far away from the centre from Black, he answers with a strong centralisation move, building stronger and stronger both positional and psychological pressure. The rook from d4 prevents ...a4 and is also ready to be transferred to the kingside after advancing the e-pawn.} 19... Nd7 {What else?} 20. Bd5 {Black voluntarily reduced control over the d5-square and White immediately takes his chance. 20. Nd5+ is wrong. After 20... Bxd5 21. Bxd5 Ne5! 22. Bxb7 Rb8 Black is not worse. His pieces finally become active.} 20... Ra6 21. f4! {Improving the kingside position, enabling e5 and waiting for the opponent to capture first.} 21... f6 22. h4! {22. g4? g5! and the black knight finally gets the perfect outpost on e5.} 22... h6 {Once again, Black is ready to play ...g5.} 23. g3 {Don't rush!} 23... Bxd5 24. Nxd5+ Kd8 {Every simplification would be in Black's favour. Black wanted to play ...Rd6 followed by ...c6.} 25. Nc3! 25... Rb6 26. Rd2! {The rook's job on the 4th rank is over. It now goes to the 2nd rank to support the move h5. The point is that White wants to eliminate Black’s g6-pawn and create an outpost on f5! With three connected pawns on the same rank, it is very natural to attack the middle one – if it is exchanged or advanced, an outpost would be created (see comments on White’s move 22). A) 26. b3? is the wrong move order. After 26... Rc6, whatever White chooses, the rook cannot easily be placed on the 2nd rank. Actually, if Black moves the rook to some other square, the move b3 would not be needed at all. B) 26. h5 of course was strong too, but Karpov did not want to change the rhythm of play. Indeed, why go for complications if everything is going smoothly?} 26... c6 27. h5! g5 28. Kf3 {Both the knight and king are ready to occupy the f5-square.} 28... Ke7 29. Ne2?! {29. Nd1! is much better - the knight inevitably gets to f5.} 29... c5 30. Nc3 Rd6 31. Rd5 {31. Rxd6 Kxd6 32. e5+ Ke6 would complicate White's task. The text move leaves Black in a hopeless situation.} 31... Rxd5 {What else? Black is paralysed.} 32. Nxd5+ Ke6 33. Ne3 {The rest is simple.} 33... b5 34. Nf5 Nb6 35. Nxh6 Nc4 36. Nf5 Kf7 {36... Nxb2 37. h6 Kf7 38. h7+ - } 37. b3 Nd2+ 38. Ke3 Nf1+ {Black resigned without waiting for White to respond. The knight is trapped. A game won in typical “Karpovian” style. Centralisation and patient improving with fine realisation at the end. Very often he would leave opponents confused after the game, desperately wanting to understand where they erred. No obvious mistakes - just superb Karpov style and technique.} 1-0",
    "input: 24 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**Game 4**\n\nBogoljubow – Reti\nMoravska Ostrava 1923\n\n**1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3.** Nc3 Nf6 4. e5\nNfd7 5. Qg4?!\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 7... Nc6\n\nWith his next manoeuvre, White neglects the centre and gives away full\ncontrol to his opponent.\n\n**8. Nd6+?**\n\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-2.png)\n\n8. Bf4 was a better option, although\nBlack’s position is already preferable.\n\n**8... Bxd6 9. Qxg7**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-8.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-9.png)\n\nPosition after: 9. Qxg7\n\n**9... Bxe5?**\n\nBlack returns the favour. But, this mistake is simply miscalculation or... no calculation at all. Knowing Richard Reti,\n\n\nPosition after: 5. Qg4?!\n\nA dubious move, although still playable.\nThe problem is that White connected it\nwith a bad plan.\n\n**5... c5**\n\nOf course, Black strikes in the centre.\nThis natural reflex is even better due to\nWhite's diversion on his last move.\n\n**6. Nb5 cxd4 7. Nf3 Nc6**\n\nBlack did not make a single imprecise\nmove, so White must not go for a \"winning immediately\" approach. There is\nrarely a punishment for an opponent\nthat has played normal and healthy\nmoves.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 25\n\n\nsuch a fine positional player, we can\nsuppose that he was dedicated to solving problems in the centre, probably\nomitting to search for a direct win.\n\n9... Bb4+ led to a fairly easy win after\n10. c3 dxc3 11. Qxh8+ Nf8 12. Kd1\ncxb2 13. Bxb2 Qb6.\n\nPosition after: 13... Qb6\n\nHaving near material balance (a pawn\nfor an exchange is not a significant deficit) and superior activity with such a\nnaked White king, Black will reach an\nabsolutely winning position. White’s\npieces are undeveloped and scattered\nand defeat is inevitable.\n\n**10. Nxe5 Qf6 11. Qxf6 Nxf6**\n\nPosition after: 11... Nxf6\n\n\nBlack temporarily has an extra pawn\nand White needs some time to return\nmaterial. His advantage of the bishop\npair should not be significant, because\nof the dangerous black pawn avalanche\nin the centre. A strong central pawn\nformation is a more important positional factor and Black is already a bit\nbetter.\n\n**12. Bb5 Bd7 13. Nf3 Ne4**\n\nCentralising a piece and preparing the\nadvance of central pawns.\n\n13... Nb4 was also a very good move,\nperhaps an even better one. Black immediately puts pressure on the c2-pawn\nand forces White to exchange bishops.\n\n**14. 0-0**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-24-10.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-24-11.png)\n\nPosition after: 14. 0-0\n\n**14... f6!**\n\nA good move, preparing to gain space in\nthe centre. 14... a6 forces White to take\non c6, but this will be a waste of time.\n\n\n-----\n\n26 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**18. f3 Nd6 19. b3 e5**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-25-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 19... e5\n\nAs a result of the risky (and bad) excursion of the white knight, Black is better.\nWhite has no more bishop pair, and the\nblack pawn centre looks strong and impressive. Also, Black has more space,\nbetter piece centralisation and the better bishop.\n\nNote: do not think Black has all that advantage randomly. No, usually one advantage leads to another... White has\nproblems in finishing development, and\neven after finishing it there will be a lack\nof harmony in his camp due to a lack of\nspace.\n\n**20. Ba3 Rac8**\n\nThat rook, of course. Black predicts the\nother rook will probably be needed on\nthe d-file, in order to prepare advancing\nthe pawns.\n\n**21. Rad1 d4**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\n\nThe text move is better, because it also\nforces White to take on c6 and must be\nplayed to prepare ...e5.\n\n**15. Bxc6 bxc6**\n\nThat move should be preferred – Black's\navalanche in the centre looks even\nmore impressive now.\n\n**16. Nxd4**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-25-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 16. Nxd4\n\n**16... c5**\n\nThis is the more precise attack on the\nknight. The move ...e5 is unstoppable as\nwell.\n\n16... e5 allows White to fight for the c5square after 17. Nb3.\n\n**17. Ne2 Kf7**\n\nThere are many good moves here. Black\nchose this one, it is a matter of style...\n\nOf course, other good options include\n17... e5, 17... Rc8, 17... Rb8, 17... Rg8.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 27\n\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-26-2.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-26-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 21... d4\n\nPlease, remember the following quote:\n“pawns and knights should stay on\nsquares of the same colour, and bishops\non opposite ones.”\n\nTake a look at the black central pawns\nand minor pieces – there is full harmony! All central squares are perfectly\ncovered! Now, imagine the black knight\nand bishop swapping places – instead of\nharmony there would only be lightsquared weaknesses!\n\n**22. Nc1 Nf5**\n\nBlack found a target, the c2-pawn.\n\n**23. Rf2 Ne3 24. Re1 c4**\n\n24... Bf5 was also a good move, but still\nthe text move should be preferred.\n\n**25. b4**\n\nOnly one brief look at the position is\nenough to reach an evaluation – White\nis hopeless.\n\n\nPosition after: 25. b4\n\nHis pieces are cramped while Black’s\npieces dominate, together with the central pawns. Here, Black found a beautiful manoeuvre...\n\n**25... Ba4 26. Ree2 Nd1 27. Rf1 Nc3**\n**28. Ref2 Nb1?**\n\n... but, executed it poorly. He missed\nWhite's 30th move.\n\n28... Nb5 29. Bb2 c3 30. Ba1 would\nwin easily – White plays without a\nbishop.\n\n**29. Bb2 c3**\n\nPosition after: 29... c3\n\n\n-----\n\n28 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**30. Nb3**\n\nThis move delays resignation. Black is\nforced to find more good moves to convert.\n\n**30... Bxb3! 31. axb3**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-27-6.png)\n\n31. Rxb1 Bxa2 32. Ra1 cxb2–+\n\nPosition after: 41... Kd4\n\n\n**31... Nd2 32. Re1 Rhd8! 33. Bc1 d3!**\n**34. cxd3 Rxd3**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-27-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 34... Rxd3\n\nAfter a series of active black moves,\nWhite is close to resignation.\n\n**35. Bxd2 Rxd2**\n\nTaking with the pawn was also winning.\nBlack transposes to a trivial endgame –\nthe rook behind the passed-pawn decides the game.\n\n**36. Ra1 Ke6 37. Kf1 Rxf2+ 38. Kxf2**\n**c2 39.** Rc1 Kd5 40. Ke3 Rc3+ 41.\nKd2 Kd4\n\n\nWhite is in some kind of zugzwang.\nBlack’s king will inevitably collect the\nwhite kingside pawns, with a win to follow.\n\n**42. h4 Rd3+**\n\nWhite resigned. A terrible defeat. Never\nforget about the centre and never go for\na flank attack if your centre is not secured. White’s centre simply collapsed\nin this game after his 8th move. Afterwards, White could not get control back\nover the centre and the punishment\nwas well deserved.\n\n**0-1**\n\n**Game 5**\n\nStolberg – Botvinnik\nMoscow 1940\n\n**1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3**\n**0-0 5. Bd3 d5 6. Nge2**",
    "output: [Event \"Moravska Ostrava\"]\n[Site \"Moravska Ostrava\"]\n[Date \"1923.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Bogoljubow, Efim\"]\n[Black \"Reti, Richard\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n[ECO \"C02\"]\n[Annotator \"Commentary based on the provided text\"]\n[PlyCount \"84\"]\n[EventDate \"1923.??.??\"]\n\n1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. Qg4?! {A dubious move, although still playable. The problem is that White connected it with a bad plan.} c5 {Of course, Black strikes in the centre. This natural reflex is even better due to White's diversion on his last move.} 6. Nb5 cxd4 7. Nf3 Nc6 {Black did not make a single imprecise move, so White must not go for a \"winning immediately\" approach. There is rarely a punishment for an opponent that has played normal and healthy moves. With his next manoeuvre, White neglects the centre and gives away full control to his opponent.} 8. Nd6+? (8. Bf4 {was a better option, although Black's position is already preferable.}) 8... Bxd6 9. Qxg7 Bxe5? {Black returns the favor. But, this mistake is simply miscalculation or... no calculation at all. Knowing Richard Reti, such a fine positional player, we can suppose that he was dedicated to solving problems in the centre, probably omitting to search for a direct win.} (9... Bb4+ {led to a fairly easy win after} 10. c3 dxc3 11. Qxh8+ Nf8 12. Kd1 cxb2 13. Bxb2 Qb6 {Having near material balance (a pawn for an exchange is not a significant deficit) and superior activity with such a naked White king, Black will reach an absolutely winning position. White's pieces are undeveloped and scattered and defeat is inevitable.}) 10. Nxe5 Qxf6 11. Qxf6 Nxf6 {Black temporarily has an extra pawn and White needs some time to return material. His advantage of the bishop pair should not be significant, because of the dangerous black pawn avalanche in the centre. A strong central pawn formation is a more important positional factor and Black is already a bit better.} 12. Bb5 Bd7 13. Nf3 Ne4 {Centralising a piece and preparing the advance of central pawns.} (13... Nb4 {was also a very good move, perhaps an even better one. Black immediately puts pressure on the c2-pawn and forces White to exchange bishops.}) 14. O-O f6! {A good move, preparing to gain space in the centre.} (14... a6 {forces White to take on c6, but this will be a waste of time. The text move is better, because it also forces White to take on c6 and must be played to prepare ...e5.}) 15. Bxc6 bxc6 {That move should be preferred - Black's avalanche in the centre looks even more impressive now.} 16. Nxd4 c5 {This is the more precise attack on the knight. The move ...e5 is unstoppable as well.} (16... e5 {allows White to fight for the c5-square after} 17. Nb3) 17. Ne2 Kf7 {There are many good moves here. Black chose this one, it is a matter of style... Of course, other good options include 17... e5, 17... Rc8, 17... Rb8, 17... Rg8.} 18. f3 Nd6 19. b3 e5 {As a result of the risky (and bad) excursion of the white knight, Black is better. White has no more bishop pair, and the black pawn centre looks strong and impressive. Also, Black has more space, better piece centralisation and the better bishop. Note: do not think Black has all that advantage randomly. No, usually one advantage leads to another... White has problems in finishing development, and even after finishing it there will be a lack of harmony in his camp due to a lack of space.} 20. Ba3 Rac8 {That rook, of course. Black predicts the other rook will probably be needed on the d-file, in order to prepare advancing the pawns.} 21. Rad1 d4 {Please, remember the following quote: \"pawns and knights should stay on squares of the same color, and bishops on opposite ones.\" Take a look at the black central pawns and minor pieces – there is full harmony! All central squares are perfectly covered! Now, imagine the black knight and bishop swapping places – instead of harmony there would only be light-squared weaknesses! } 22. Nc1 Nf5 {Black found a target, the c2-pawn.} 23. Rf2 Ne3 24. Re1 c4 (24... Bf5 {was also a good move, but still the text move should be preferred.}) 25. b4 {Only one brief look at the position is enough to reach an evaluation - White is hopeless. His pieces are cramped while Black's pieces dominate, together with the central pawns. Here, Black found a beautiful manoeuvre...} Ba4 26. Ree2 Nd1 27. Rf1 Nc3 28. Ref2 Nb1? {... but, executed it poorly. He missed White's 30th move.} (28... Nb5 29. Bb2 c3 30. Ba1 {would win easily – White plays without a bishop.}) 29. Bb2 c3 30. Nb3 {This move delays resignation. Black is forced to find more good moves to convert.} 30... Bxb3! 31. axb3 (31. Rxb1 Bxa2 32. Ra1 cxb2) 31... Nd2 32. Re1 Rhd8! 33. Bc1 d3! 34. cxd3 Rxd3 {After a series of active black moves, White is close to resignation.} 35. Bxd2 Rxd2 {Taking with the pawn was also winning. Black transposes to a trivial endgame – the rook behind the passed-pawn decides the game.} 36. Ra1 Ke6 37. Kf1 Rxf2+ 38. Kxf2 c2 39. Rc1 Kd5 40. Ke3 Rc3+ 41. Kd2 Kd4 {White is in some kind of zugzwang. Black's king will inevitably collect the white kingside pawns, with a win to follow.} 42. h4 Rd3+ {White resigned. A terrible defeat. Never forget about the centre and never go for a flank attack if your centre is not secured. White's centre simply collapsed in this game after his 8th move. Afterwards, White could not get control back over the centre and the punishment was well deserved.} 0-1",
    "input: Chapter 1: The Centre 33\n\n**Game 6**\n\nTal – Kochyev\nLeningrad 1977\n\n**1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. Nc3 Qc7 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. Be3\nNf6 8. 0-0**\n\nPosition after: 12. Qd3!\n\nThe last move strengthens the centre\nand makes ...b4 useless.\n\n**12... Bb7?!**\n\n12... Qc7 was perhaps better. Black renews the motif of advancing ...b4. The\nwaste of time was not significant.\n\nPosition after: 8. 0-0\n\n**13. a4!**\n\n**8... Ne5!?**\n\n\nSimply an excellent move. Using the fact\nthat the queen is protected by the bpawn, White strikes. Black’s advance\n...b4 forces him to prematurely capture\non d3.\n\n**13... Qxd3 14. cxd3 b4 15. Nce2**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\nThis is the point. White’s pawns on d3\nand e4 restrict the black knight and b7bishop. They also perfectly fit with\nWhite’s minor pieces and will make for\na perfect shield for the king later on.\nBlack’s advanced queenside pawns are\nin trouble.\n\n\n8... b5 is considered more precise nowadays.\n\n**9. h3**\n\nWhite prevents the jump to g4.\n\n**9... b5 10. f4 Nc4 11. Bxc4**\n\nThe dark-squared bishop is a valuable\none.\n\n**11... Qxc4 12. Qd3!**\n\nTal was also an expert in positional\nchess. This game is confirmation.\n\n\n-----\n\n34 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\nPosition after: 15. Nce2\n\nWhite wants to occupy the important\na5-square with the knight, so Black\nwould be forced to advance the a-pawn,\nmaking it vulnerable. Also, Black is unable to open the position – any advance\nwill only create weaknesses. White will\ngain control over the c-file. And, most\nimportantly, White has a strong and\nharmonious formation in the centre,\nwhile Black has only exposed queenside\npawns. The diagnosis is evident – White\nis much better.\n\n**15... Bc5 16. Kf2!**\n\nProtecting the bishop, activating the\nking and supporting the centre.\n\n**16... d6 17. Nb3**\n\nVery simple, but still inspiring play from\nTal.\n\n**17... Bxe3+ 18. Kxe3 a5 19. Ned4**\n\nWhite’s centralised cavalry starts to\ndance. So many weak squares on the\nqueenside are on the menu.\n\n\nPosition after: 19. Ned4\n\n**19... Kd7 20. Rfc1 Rhc8**\n\nBoth sides have activated their troops.\nWhite must find a plan to grasp the initiative and reach some degree of harmony.\n\n**21. Nd2!**\n\nPosition after: 21. Nd2!\n\nAgain, a simple and strong solution.\nBlack's main weakness is the pawn on\na5. White regroups to place the knights\non b3 and c4.\n\nOnce you find the opponent's weakness, make it your target! Tal effectively\nuses his cavalry in this game.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 35\n\n\n**21... Ra6 22. Rxc8 Kxc8 23. N4b3**\n\n23. Nc4 leads to complications after\n23... d5 24. Ne5 dxe4 25. Rc1+\n\nPosition after: 25. Rc1+\n\n25... Kd8 [or 25... Kb8 26. Nec6+!\nBxc6 27. Nxc6+ Ka8 28. dxe4] 26.\nNxf7+ Ke8 27. Ng5 with an advantage\nfor White.\n\n**23... d5 24. Nc5**\n\nPosition after: 24. Nc5\n\n**24... Ra7**\n\n24... Rc6 25. Ndb3+–\n\n**25. Rc1**\n\n\nCompare White’s control over the centre to Black’s. From a strategical point of\nview, the game is already over. There\nare, of course, remaining technical issues that Tal has no problems with.\n\n**25... dxe4 26. dxe4 Kb8**\n\nPosition after: 26... Kb8\n\nHow to penetrate? How to attack the\nweakness on a5? Well, there is a simple\nsolution.\n\n**27. Nxb7**\n\nTal chooses the simplest and most direct way. Black’s pieces will get some\nactivity, but that is irrelevant.\n\n**27... Kxb7**\n\n27... Rxb7 28. Rc5 is even worse for\nBlack.\n\n**28. Rc5 Nd7 29. Rb5+ Kc8 30. Nc4\nRc7 31. Kd4!**\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Leningrad 1977\"]\n[Site \"Leningrad\"]\n[Date \"1977.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Tal\"]\n[Black \"Kochyev\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. Nc3 Qc7 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. Be3 Nf6 8. O-0 {Simply an excellent move. Using the fact that the queen is protected by the b-pawn, White strikes. Black’s advance ...b4 forces him to prematurely capture on d3.} 8... Ne5!? {8... b5 is considered more precise nowadays.} 9. h3 {White prevents the jump to g4.} 9... b5 10. f4 Nc4 11. Bxc4 {The dark-squared bishop is a valuable one.} 11... Qxc4 12. Qd3! {Tal was also an expert in positional chess. This game is confirmation. The last move strengthens the centre and makes ...b4 useless.} 12... Bb7?! {12... Qc7 was perhaps better. Black renews the motif of advancing ...b4. The waste of time was not significant.} 13. a4! {This is the point. White’s pawns on d3 and e4 restrict the black knight and b7-bishop. They also perfectly fit with White’s minor pieces and will make for a perfect shield for the king later on. Black’s advanced queenside pawns are in trouble.} 13... Qxd3 14. cxd3 b4 15. Nce2 {White wants to occupy the important a5-square with the knight, so Black would be forced to advance the a-pawn, making it vulnerable. Also, Black is unable to open the position – any advance will only create weaknesses. White will gain control over the c-file. And, most importantly, White has a strong and harmonious formation in the centre, while Black has only exposed queenside pawns. The diagnosis is evident – White is much better.} 15... Bc5 16. Kf2! {Protecting the bishop, activating the king and supporting the centre.} 16... d6 17. Nb3 {Very simple, but still inspiring play from Tal.} 17... Bxe3+ 18. Kxe3 a5 19. Ned4 {White’s centralised cavalry starts to dance. So many weak squares on the queenside are on the menu.} 19... Kd7 20. Rfc1 Rhc8 {Both sides have activated their troops. White must find a plan to grasp the initiative and reach some degree of harmony.} 21. Nd2! {Again, a simple and strong solution. Black's main weakness is the pawn on a5. White regroups to place the knights on b3 and c4. Once you find the opponent's weakness, make it your target! Tal effectively uses his cavalry in this game.} 21... Ra6 22. Rxc8 Kxc8 23. N4b3 {23. Nc4 leads to complications after 23... d5 24. Ne5 dxe4 25. Rc1+} 23... d5 24. Nc5 {Compare White’s control over the centre to Black’s. From a strategical point of view, the game is already over. There are, of course, remaining technical issues that Tal has no problems with.} 24... Ra7 {24... Rc6 25. Ndb3+–} 25. Rc1 25... dxe4 26. dxe4 Kb8 {How to penetrate? How to attack the weakness on a5? Well, there is a simple solution.} 27. Nxb7 {Tal chooses the simplest and most direct way. Black’s pieces will get some activity, but that is irrelevant.} 27... Kxb7 28. Rc5 Nd7 29. Rb5+ Kc8 30. Nc4 Rc7 31. Kd4",
    "input: 28 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**30. Nb3**\n\nThis move delays resignation. Black is\nforced to find more good moves to convert.\n\n**30... Bxb3! 31. axb3**\n\n31. Rxb1 Bxa2 32. Ra1 cxb2–+\n\nPosition after: 41... Kd4\n\n\n**31... Nd2 32. Re1 Rhd8! 33. Bc1 d3!**\n**34. cxd3 Rxd3**\n\nPosition after: 34... Rxd3\n\nAfter a series of active black moves,\nWhite is close to resignation.\n\n**35. Bxd2 Rxd2**\n\nTaking with the pawn was also winning.\nBlack transposes to a trivial endgame –\nthe rook behind the passed-pawn decides the game.\n\n**36. Ra1 Ke6 37. Kf1 Rxf2+ 38. Kxf2**\n**c2 39.** Rc1 Kd5 40. Ke3 Rc3+ 41.\nKd2 Kd4\n\n\nWhite is in some kind of zugzwang.\nBlack’s king will inevitably collect the\nwhite kingside pawns, with a win to follow.\n\n**42. h4 Rd3+**\n\nWhite resigned. A terrible defeat. Never\nforget about the centre and never go for\na flank attack if your centre is not secured. White’s centre simply collapsed\nin this game after his 8th move. Afterwards, White could not get control back\nover the centre and the punishment\nwas well deserved.\n\n**0-1**\n\n**Game 5**\n\nStolberg – Botvinnik\nMoscow 1940\n\n**1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3**\n**0-0 5. Bd3 d5 6. Nge2**\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 29\n\n9... Bxc3 10. bxc3 c4 11. Bc2 b5 is also\nplayable, of course. But that plan simplifies White's task. White will organise\nthe e4-advance with Ng3 and f3. The\ntext move poses more problems to\nWhite.\n\n**10. exd4**\n\n\n10. axb4 dxc3 11. bxc3 Ne5 gives comfortable play to Black. White will dominate the d4-square, but on the other\nhand Black can use the squares c4 and\ne4.\n\n**10... Bd6 11. h3**\n\n11. Bf4 was a logical move, finishing\ndevelopment and exchanging a bad\nbishop for a good one. Instead of that,\nWhite made his bishop a worse piece...\nYou'll see.\n\n**11... h6**\n\nPosition after: 11... h6\n\nSecuring the d5-pawn by preventing\nBg5.\n\n\nPosition after: 6. Nge2\n\n**6... c5**\n\nBlack decides to crush the white pawn\ncentre immediately. 6... dxc4 7. Bxc4\nc5 was also very solid.\n\n**7. 0-0 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5**\n\n8... Nxd5 is bad. After 9. Nxd5 Qxd5\n10. a3 Ba5 11. Qc2, White attacks\npawns both on c5 and h7 with a clear\nadvantage\n\n**9. a3**\n\nPosition after: 9. a3\n\n**9... cxd4**\n\n\n-----\n\n30 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**15... Bf5! 16. Qc2 Be4!**\n\nPosition after: 16... Be4!\n\n**17. b5?**\n\nThe game is over now. White invites so\nmany black pieces into his camp. The\nknight goes to c4, along with future invasions on the c- and e-files. White is\nwithout counterplay. With careless advances, White simply gave Black full\ncontrol over the centre.\n\n**17... Bxd3 18. Qxd3**\n\n18. bxc6 Qf5–+\n\n**18... Na5 19. Ng3 Nc4**\n\nPosition after: 19... Nc4\n\n\n**12. b4?!**\n\nWhite wanted to secure a spot for the\nqueen on b3. Alas, advancing pawns on\nthe queenside misses its mark. In open\npositions, pawn play is rarely promising.\nPiece play should be preferred!\n\n**12... Re8 13. Qb3 Be6 14. Bd2 Qd7**\n\nPosition after: 14... Qd7\n\nBlack harmoniously finished development and is already better. The idea of\nthe last few moves is the exchange of\nthe light-squared bishops.\n\n**15. f4?**\n\nIt looks like suicide. One is not allowed\nto play on the flank if worse off in the\ncentre. Also, attacking the black king is\njust an illusion. Take a look at the pawn\non f4, restricting the rook, bishop and\nknight. Try to move or exchange such\npawns in your games. And, what’s\nmore, e4 and e3 are now desperately\nweak squares. Black’s idea of exchanging light-squared bishops is even more\nlogical and dangerous now.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 31\n\n\n**20. Bc1**\n\n20. Nxd5 is not good. After 20... Nxd5\n21. Qxc4 Ne3 22. Bxe3 Rxe3 things\nare bad for White. There is no good\nplace for the knight to retreat to and\nBlack will keep the initiative with\n...Rc8.\n\n**20... Rac8**\n\nWhite cannot oppose the black occupation of light central squares. His position\nis hopeless.\n\n**21. Ra2 Bf8**\n\nSupporting the d5-pawn and freeing the\nd6-square for the knight.\n\n**22. a4**\n\nThis leaves the b4-square without control, but what else is there to suggest for\nWhite…?\n\n**22... Bb4**\n\nPosition after: 22... Bb4\n\n\nBlack would be happy to exchange the\nbishop for the knight – the e4-square\nwill be easier to control.\n\n**23. Nd1 Ne4 24. f5**\n\nTrying to die for something... With some\nprecise moves, Black eliminates all\nthreats on the kingside.\n\n**24...** Nxg3 25. Qxg3 Bd6 26. Qf3\nBe7 27. Qg3\n\nPosition after: 27. Qg3\n\n**27... Bf6! 28. Bxh6**\n\nIt looks like White got some chances,\nbut that was just an illusion.\n\n**28... Bxd4+**\n\nThe pawn on d4 is more important than\nthe one on h6. See how Black invades on\ncentral squares. Very soon, a storm will\nbreak out in the centre.\n\n**29.** Kh1 f6! 30. Bc1 Re4 31. Qd3\nNe5\n\n\n-----\n\n32 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nNot that many squares are available for\nthe white pieces...\n\n**37... Qb5 38. Rc1 Bf8 39. Rd1 Re2**\n\n\nDominating in the centre gives you excellent prospects on both flanks. Botvinnik chooses the fastest way – he attacks\nWhite’s king. White’s cramped pieces\non the queenside are of no help.\n\n**40. Qc1**\n\nPosition after: 40. Qc1\n\n**40... Rxh3+! 41. gxh3 d4**\n\nA sad fate for White. Paralysed pieces in\nopen positions is not a common site.\nThere is no way to prevent ...Qd5, with\nmate. White resigned. A terrible defeat.\nRecklessly advancing pawns, White invited the black pieces to comfortable\ncentral positions. The realisation of a big\npositional advantage should be carefully studied and it depicts Botvinnik's\nimpressive technique.\n\n**0-1**\n\n\nPosition after: 31... Ne5\n\nIf you follow games by such great masters, chess looks like a really simple\ngame. Actually, it is sometimes. Dominate the centre and you will dominate\nall over the board.\n\n**32. Qb1 Rc4**\n\nBlack used his last move to achieve full\ncentralisation. At the same time, White\nregrouped his troops... to the first rank!\nBotvinnik convincingly realises his advantage.\n\n**33. a5 Bc5 34. b6 a6 35. Nb2 Rc3 36.**\nBd2 Rb3 37. Qc2\n\nPosition after: 37. Qc2",
    "output: [Event \"Moscow 1940\"]\n[Site \"Moscow\"]\n[Date \"1940.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Stolberg\"]\n[Black \"Botvinnik\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n\n1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. Nge2 {Black decides to crush the white pawn centre immediately. 6... dxc4 7. Bxc4 c5 was also very solid.} 6... c5 7. O-O Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 {8... Nxd5 is bad. After 9. Nxd5 Qxd5 10. a3 Ba5 11. Qc2, White attacks pawns both on c5 and h7 with a clear advantage} 9. a3 9... cxd4 {9... Bxc3 10. bxc3 c4 11. Bc2 b5 is also playable, of course. But that plan simplifies White's task. White will organise the e4-advance with Ng3 and f3. The text move poses more problems to White.} 10. exd4 {10. axb4 dxc3 11. bxc3 Ne5 gives comfortable play to Black. White will dominate the d4-square, but on the other hand Black can use the squares c4 and e4.} 10... Bd6 11. h3 {11. Bf4 was a logical move, finishing development and exchanging a bad bishop for a good one. Instead of that, White made his bishop a worse piece... You'll see.} 11... h6 {Securing the d5-pawn by preventing Bg5.} 12. b4?! {White wanted to secure a spot for the queen on b3. Alas, advancing pawns on the queenside misses its mark. In open positions, pawn play is rarely promising. Piece play should be preferred!} 12... Re8 13. Qb3 Be6 14. Bd2 Qd7 {Black harmoniously finished development and is already better. The idea of the last few moves is the exchange of the light-squared bishops.} 15. f4? {It looks like suicide. One is not allowed to play on the flank if worse off in the centre. Also, attacking the black king is just an illusion. Take a look at the pawn on f4, restricting the rook, bishop and knight. Try to move or exchange such pawns in your games. And, what’s more, e4 and e3 are now desperately weak squares. Black’s idea of exchanging light-squared bishops is even more logical and dangerous now.} 15... Bf5! 16. Qc2 Be4! 17. b5? {The game is over now. White invites so many black pieces into his camp. The knight goes to c4, along with future invasions on the c- and e-files. White is without counterplay. With careless advances, White simply gave Black full control over the centre.} 17... Bxd3 18. Qxd3 {18. bxc6 Qf5–+} 18... Na5 19. Ng3 Nc4 20. Bc1 {20. Nxd5 is not good. After 20... Nxd5 21. Qxc4 Ne3 22. Bxe3 Rxe3 things are bad for White. There is no good place for the knight to retreat to and Black will keep the initiative with ...Rc8.} 20... Rac8 {White cannot oppose the black occupation of light central squares. His position is hopeless.} 21. Ra2 Bf8 {Supporting the d5-pawn and freeing the d6-square for the knight.} 22. a4 {This leaves the b4-square without control, but what else is there to suggest for White…?} 22... Bb4 {Black would be happy to exchange the bishop for the knight – the e4-square will be easier to control.} 23. Nd1 Ne4 24. f5 {Trying to die for something... With some precise moves, Black eliminates all threats on the kingside.} 24... Nxg3 25. Qxg3 Bd6 26. Qf3 Be7 27. Qg3 27... Bf6! 28. Bxh6 {It looks like White got some chances, but that was just an illusion.} 28... Bxd4+ {The pawn on d4 is more important than the one on h6. See how Black invades on central squares. Very soon, a storm will break out in the centre.} 29. Kh1 f6! 30. Bc1 Re4 31. Qd3 Ne5 {Not that many squares are available for the white pieces...} 32. Qb1 Rc4 {Black used his last move to achieve full centralisation. At the same time, White regrouped his troops... to the first rank! Botvinnik convincingly realises his advantage.} 33. a5 Bc5 34. b6 a6 35. Nb2 Rc3 36. Bd2 Rb3 37. Qc2 37... Qb5 38. Rc1 Bf8 39. Rd1 Re2 {Dominating in the centre gives you excellent prospects on both flanks. Botvinnik chooses the fastest way – he attacks White’s king. White’s cramped pieces on the queenside are of no help.} 40. Qc1 40... Rxh3+! 41. gxh3 d4 {A sad fate for White. Paralysed pieces in open positions is not a common site. There is no way to prevent ...Qd5, with mate. White resigned. A terrible defeat. Recklessly advancing pawns, White invited the black pieces to comfortable central positions. The realisation of a big positional advantage should be carefully studied and it depicts Botvinnik's impressive technique.} 0-1",
    "input: **Chapter 5**\n#### Do not move the same piece twice\n\nA piece does not always land immediately on its ideal square, and often we\nwant to improve its position. But it should be remembered that the tempo\nspent doing this is extremely important, and more often than not, it is more\nuseful to spend it bringing another piece into play.\n\n\n**23** ******\nAlexander Alekhine\nFrank Marshall\nNew York 1927 (18)\n**1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Ne4?**\n\nTsLdMl.tTsLdMl.t\njJjJ_JjJjJjJ_JjJ\n._._J_._._._J_._\n_._._._._._._._.\n._IiS_._._IiS_._\n_._._N_._._._N_.\nIi._IiIiIi._IiIi\nrNbQkB_RrNbQkB_R\n\nBlack strives for piece control of the\ncentral light squares. After posting\nhis knight on e4, he intends to\nsupport it with ...f7-f5, and also with\nthe help of a fianchettoed bishop on\nb7. However, this move has a serious\ndrawback, which is more important\nthan its advantages – the knight\nis already developed, and in the\nopening, one should try not to make\nmultiple moves with the same piece.\n**4.Nfd2!?**\nIt may look as though White is\nguilty of the same sin, but one must\ntake note of the difference – Black\nwill either have to create holes in\nhis position by playing ...f7-f5 and\n...d7-d5 to defend his knight, or else\n\n\nexchange it off and completely lose\nhis central outpost. Meanwhile,\nWhite foresees the possibility of a\nblack pawn appearing on e4, and so\nfrees his f-pawn, for a later break.\nA good alternative was 4.g3 – the\nbishop on g2 will exert strong\npressure down the long diagonal.\n**4...Bb4**\nTo fight for the e4-square, Black is\nready to exchange his dark-squared\nbishop, but this proves insufficient.\n**5.Qc2 d5**\nIt would have been better not to\nstick stubbornly to his intention,\nand instead play 5...Nxd2 6.Nxd2 0-0\n7.a3 Be7 – here White’s advantage is\nminimal.\n**6.Nc3 f5**\nAnd here he should have preferred\nthe developing move 6...Nc6, forcing\n7.e3 and so preventing the enemy\ndark-squared bishop coming out to\nan active position.\n**7.Ndxe4 fxe4 8.Bf4 0-0 9.e3 c6**\n**10.Be2**\nWhite only needs to castle to\ncomplete his development, whereas\nthe whole of Black’s queenside\nremains undeveloped.\n**10...Nd7**\nNow, Black will face additional\nproblems, because White’s dark\n51\n\n\n-----\n\nsquared bishop is more active than\nits opponent.\nHe should prefer 10...Bd6, although\nafter 11.Bxd6 Qxd6 12.0-0 followed\nby f2-f3, White has a stable plus.\n**11.a3**\nAlso good is 11.0-0.\n**11...Be7 12.0-0 Bg5**\n\nT_Ld.tM_T_Ld.tM_\njJ_S_.jJjJ_S_.jJ\n._J_J_._._J_J_._\n_._J_.l._._J_.l.\n._IiJb._._IiJb._\ni.n.i._.i.n.i._.\n.iQ_BiIi.iQ_BiIi\n_r._._Rk.r._._Rk._\n\n\n**13.f3!**\nWhite not only breaks up Black’s\nprincipal central strongpoint, but\nalso opens lines, exploiting his lead\nin development.\n**13...Bxf4 14.exf4 Rxf4**\nIf 14...e3 15.g3, the daring pawn on e3\nis doomed to extinction.\nRelatively best was 14...exf3 15.Rxf3\nNf6, but Black’s bad light-squared\nbishop and backward pawn on e6\ngive White a stable plus.\n**15.fxe4 Rxf1+ 16.Rxf1 e5**\nOriginal, but still bad – Black’s pieces\nare not prepared for the opening of\nlines.\n**17.Qd2 c5**\nAlso bad is 17...Qb6 18.Qg5,\ncreating the threat of ...Qg5-e7.\n**18.dxe5**\nA more prosaic path to victory was\n18.exd5 exd4 19.Ne4.\n**18...d4 19.Qf4 dxc3 20.Qf7+ Kh8**\n**21.bxc3!**\n\n52\n\n\nBlack is totally paralysed, with his\nqueenside taking no part at all in\nwhat is going on.\n**21...Qg8 22.Qe7 h6 23.Bh5 a5**\n**24.e6 g6**\n24...Nf6 25.Bf7.\n**25.exd7 Bxd7 26.Rf7** **1-0**\n\n**24** ******\nKonstantin Sakaev 2634\nArkadij Naiditsch 2652\nSerbia tt 2007 (9)\n**1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 Bb4+**\n**4.Nbd2 c5**\nThis move does not enjoy a great\ntheoretical reputation.\n**5.a3 Bxd2+ 6.Bxd2 cxd4 7.Nxd4**\n**d5 8.cxd5 Qxd5 9.Nc2!?**\nThe idea of this knight retreat is\nto play the pawns to f3 and e4,\nrestricting the black knight on\nf6. The usual continuation 9.e3\nsomewhat restricts White’s own\ndark-squared bishop, although,\nin return, it allows the knight to\nremain on its fine central square.\n\nTsL_M_.tTsL_M_.t\njJ_._JjJjJ_._JjJ\n._._Js._._._Js._\n_._D_._._._D_._.\n._._._._._._._._\ni._._._.i._._._.\n.iNbIiIi.iNbIiIi\nr._QkB_Rr._QkB_R\n**9...Ne4?**\nThis attempt to sow disharmony in\nthe white position is not good, because\nit loses precious time, which would be\nbetter spent on developing his pieces.\nBlack overrates the strength of the\ntwo bishops, which would remain",
    "output: [Event \"New York 1927\"]\n[Site \"New York\"]\n[Date \"1927.??.??\"]\n[Round \"18\"]\n[White \"Alekhine, Alexander\"]\n[Black \"Marshall, Frank\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nf3 Ne4? { Black strives for piece control of the\ncentral light squares. After posting his knight on e4, he intends to\nsupport it with ...f7-f5, and also with the help of a fianchettoed bishop on\nb7. However, this move has a serious drawback, which is more important\nthan its advantages - the knight is already developed, and in the\nopening, one should try not to make multiple moves with the same piece.} 4. Nfd2!? { It may look as though White is\nguilty of the same sin, but one must take note of the difference - Black\nwill either have to create holes in his position by playing ...f7-f5 and\n...d7-d5 to defend his knight, or else exchange it off and completely lose\nhis central outpost. Meanwhile, White foresees the possibility of a\nblack pawn appearing on e4, and so frees his f-pawn, for a later break.\nA good alternative was 4.g3 - the bishop on g2 will exert strong\npressure down the long diagonal. } 4... Bb4 5. Qc2 d5 6. Nc3 f5 { And here he should have preferred\nthe developing move 6...Nc6, forcing 7.e3 and so preventing the enemy\ndark-squared bishop coming out to an active position.} 7. Ndxe4 fxe4 8. Bf4 O-O 9. e3 c6 10. Be2 { White only needs to castle to\ncomplete his development, whereas the whole of Black's queenside\nremains undeveloped.} 10... Nd7 { Now, Black will face additional\nproblems, because White's dark-squared bishop is more active than\nits opponent.\nHe should prefer 10...Bd6, although\nafter 11.Bxd6 Qxd6 12.0-0 followed\nby f2-f3, White has a stable plus.} 11. a3 Be7 12. O-O Bg5 13. f3! { White not only breaks up Black's\nprincipal central strongpoint, but\nalso opens lines, exploiting his lead\nin development. } 13... Bxf4 14. exf4 Rxf4 { If 14...e3 15.g3, the daring pawn on e3\nis doomed to extinction.\nRelatively best was 14...exf3 15.Rxf3\nNf6, but Black's bad light-squared\nbishop and backward pawn on e6\ngive White a stable plus. } 15. fxe4 Rxf1+ 16. Rxf1 e5 { Original, but still bad - Black's pieces\nare not prepared for the opening of\nlines. } 17. Qd2 c5 { Also bad is 17...Qb6 18.Qg5,\ncreating the threat of ...Qg5-e7.} 18. dxe5 {A more prosaic path to victory was\n18.exd5 exd4 19.Ne4.} 18... d4 19. Qf4 dxc3 20. Qf7+ Kh8 21. bxc3! { Black is totally paralysed, with his\nqueenside taking no part at all in\nwhat is going on.} 21... Qg8 22. Qe7 h6 23. Bh5 a5 24. e6 g6 {24...Nf6 25.Bf7.} 25. exd7 Bxd7 26. Rf7 1-0",
    "input: **Chapter 6**\n#### Do not leave the king in the centre\n\nThe vulnerability of the king should never be underestimated in the opening.\nEvacuating it in good time to one of the flanks (usually the kingside) is one\nof the hallmarks of a successfully played opening. Castling is essential, not\nonly for the sake of the king’s safety, but also to connect the rooks and\nestablish coordination between them.\n\n\n**26** *****\nKonstantin Sakaev\nDmitry Lavrik\nMoscow 2009\n**1.d4 d5 2.Nf3 Nf6 3.c4 c6 4.e3 a6**\n**5.Nc3 b5 6.b3 Bg4 7.Bd2**\nThe idea of this modest move is to\ndefend in advance against the pin\non the knight. For example, the\nsharp variation 7.h3 Bxf3 8.Qxf3 e5\n9.dxe5 Bb4 10.Bd2 Bxc3 11.Bxc3\nNe4 12.Bb4 bxc4, according to the\nverdict of modern theory, leads to\nequality.\n**7...e6 8.h3 Bxf3 9.Qxf3 Nbd7**\n**10.Bd3 Bb4 11.0-0 Qe7?**\nWithout having connected his\nrooks, Black brings out the queen.\nCorrect was the natural 11...0-0,\nwith a minimal advantage to White.\n**12.cxd5!**\nWhite realises that, thanks to Black\nnot having castled, the rook on a8 is\nundefended, and he exploits this.\n**12...cxd5**\nAfter 12...exd5, Black is just a bit\nworse, because of the backward pawn\non c6, but has a really bad position,\nbecause here too, his lack of castling\ntells: 13.a3!, and he has to give up the\nbishop for the knight by 13...Bxc3\n(after 13...Bxa3 14.e4 dxe4 15.Nxe4\n\n\n0-0 16.Bg5 Bb4 17.Nxf6+ Nxf6\n18.Rfc1 h6 19.Bh4, White regains\nthe pawn and obtains an attack)\n14.Bxc3 a5, accepting a difficult and\ncheerless position.\n**13.a4 bxa4 14.Rxa4 a5**\n\nT_._M_.tT_._M_.t\n_._SdJjJ_._SdJjJ\n._._Js._._._Js._\nj._J_._.j._J_._.\nRl.i._._Rl.i._._\n_InBiQ_I_InBiQ_I\n._.b.iI_._.b.iI_\n_._._Rk._._._Rk.\n\nHow should White continue?\n**15.Nxd5! exd5 16.Bxb4 Qd8**\n**17.Rfa1 Qb6 18.Qd1 Rb8 19.Bxa5**\n**Qxb3 20.Bc2 Qb7 21.Rb1 Qc8**\n**22.Rxb8 Nxb8 23.Bb4**\nBlack resigned.\n\n**27** *****\nRinat Jumabayev 2547\nKonstantin Sakaev 2607\nSt Petersburg 2010\n**1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nf3 d5 4.g3**\n**dxc4 5.Bg2 Nc6 6.Qa4 Bb4+**\n**7.Bd2 Nd5 8.Bxb4 Nxb4 9.Nc3**\n**Bd7 10.Ne5**\n\n55\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Moscow 2009\"]\n[Site \"Moscow\"]\n[Date \"2009.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Sakaev, Konstantin\"]\n[Black \"Lavrik, Dmitry\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 c6 4. e3 a6 5. Nc3 b5 6. b3 Bg4 7. Bd2 {The idea of this modest move is to\ndefend in advance against the pin\non the knight. For example, the\nsharp variation 7.h3 Bxf3 8.Qxf3 e5\n9.dxe5 Bb4 10.Bd2 Bxc3 11.Bxc3\nNe4 12.Bb4 bxc4, according to the\nverdict of modern theory, leads to\nequality.} 7... e6 8. h3 Bxf3 9. Qxf3 Nbd7 10. Bd3 Bb4 11. O-O Qe7? {Without having connected his\nrooks, Black brings out the queen.\nCorrect was the natural 11...0-0,\nwith a minimal advantage to White.} 12. cxd5! {White realises that, thanks to Black\nnot having castled, the rook on a8 is\nundefended, and he exploits this.} 12... cxd5 {After 12...exd5, Black is just a bit\nworse, because of the backward pawn\non c6, but has a really bad position,\nbecause here too, his lack of castling\ntells: 13.a3!, and he has to give up the\nbishop for the knight by 13...Bxc3\n(after 13...Bxa3 14.e4 dxe4 15.Nxe4\n0-0 16.Bg5 Bb4 17.Nxf6+ Nxf6\n18.Rfc1 h6 19.Bh4, White regains\nthe pawn and obtains an attack)\n14.Bxc3 a5, accepting a difficult and\ncheerless position.} 13. a4 bxa4 14. Rxa4 a5 {How should White continue?} 15. Nxd5! exd5 16. Bxb4 Qd8 17. Rfa1 Qb6 18. Qd1 Rb8 19. Bxa5 Qxb3 20. Bc2 Qb7 21. Rb1 Qc8 22. Rxb8 Nxb8 23. Bb4 1-0 {Black resigned.}",
    "input: the additional pressure down the\ndiagonal, from his bishop.\n**14...Qc7 15.Ne5 Bd6**\nMore accurate is 15...Bf6, blocking\nthe f-file.\n**16.h4 f6?**\nBlack counts on White moving the\nknight, although even in this case,\nthe weakening of the light squares\nwould have been bad. He doesn’t\nfully solve his problems with\n16...Bxe5 17.dxe5 – White controls\nthe d-file.\nBut 16...Rf8! is a strong positional\ndecision, defending against the\ncapture on f7 and preparing queen­\nside castling. Then, he can fight\nfor space in the centre by playing\nthe bishop to g8(!), when, having\ncovered e6, he can drive the knight\naway with the move ...f7-f6.\n\nT_._M_.tT_._M_.t\njJd._.jLjJd._.jL\n._JlJj.j._JlJj.j\n_._.n._._._.n._.\n._Bi._Ii._Bi._Ii\n_._._.i._._._.i.\nIiI_Q_._IiI_Q_._\n_.kR_._R_.kR_._R\n\n**17.Bxe6!**\nWhite is only too happy to get his\nhands on the centralised king.\n**17...fxe5 18.dxe5 Be7 19.Rhf1!**\nWhite brings his reserves up into\nthe attack, building a decisive\nattack.\n**19...Rf8 20.Rxf8+ Bxf8 21.Qf3!**\n**Qe7 22.Qb3! Rb8 23.Bd7+ Qxd7**\n**24.Rxd7** **Kxd7** **25.Qf7+** **Be7**\n**26.e6+ Kd8 27.Qxg7**\nBlack resigned.\n\n58\n\n\n**29** *******\nEfim Geller\nAndrzej Filipowicz\nBudapest 1970\n**1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 e6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4**\n**Nf6 5.Nc3 d6 6.Be2 Be7 7.0-0 a6**\n**8.f4 Qc7 9.Kh1 Nc6 10.Be3 Bd7**\n**11.a4 Rc8**\nIt is still not clear if the rook should\noccupy this square. For example, if\nWhite plays his knight to b3 and then\nadvances the pawn with g2-g4, Black\noften retreats his queen’s bishop to c8,\nso as to free d7 for the knight. More\nlogical was 11...0-0, delaying a decision\nabout his queenside development.\n**12.Nb3 Nb4**\nIt is already impossible to prevent\nthe bind on the queenside, because\n12...Na5 allows the strong reply 13.e5!.\n**13.a5 Bc6 14.Bf3 e5**\nIt would still be better to play a\ndeveloping move, so he should have\npreferred 14...0-0.\n**15.fxe5 dxe5 16.Bb6 Qd6**\nSo the queen does not get hit, it\nwould be better to play 16...Qb8.\n**17.Qe2**\n\n._T_M_.t._T_M_.t\n_J_.lJjJ_J_.lJjJ\nJbLd.s._JbLd.s._\ni._.j._.i._.j._.\n.s._I_._.s._I_._\n_Nn._B_._Nn._B_.\n.iI_Q_Ii.iI_Q_Ii\nr._._R_Kr._._R_K\n\n**17...Qe6**\nWith this move, Black misses his\nlast chance to castle.\nIt was absolutely vital to play 17...0-0!\n18.Rfd1 (on the natural 18.Rad1,\n\n\n-----\n\nBlack has 18...Qe6! 19.Nc5 Bxc5\n20.Bxc5 Bb5 21.Qf2 Bxf1 22.Bxb4\nBb5 23.Bxf8 Kxf8 24.Nxb5 axb5\n25.c3 g6, with a defensible position)\n18...Qb8 – White has the advantage,\nbut all the battle lies ahead. The\nmiddlegame is blazing, and the\nblack king is in the centre. White\ncarries out the attack in style.\n**18.Nc5! Bxc5 19.Bxc5 Bb5**\n\n._T_M_.t._T_M_.t\n_J_._JjJ_J_._JjJ\nJ_._Ds._J_._Ds._\niLb.j._.iLb.j._.\n.s._I_._.s._I_._\n_.n._B_._.n._B_.\n.iI_Q_Ii.iI_Q_Ii\nr._._R_Kr._._R_K\n\n\n**20.Qf2!**\nBut not 20.Nxb5 Rxc5, and\nBlack manages to complete his\ndevelopment.\n**20...Bxf1 21.Bxb4**\nOf the two pieces which are attacked,\nWhite chooses the one which could\ntake part in the fight for the central\nsquares and moves the bishop\nfrom the attack of the rook. On\n21.Rxf1, there would have followed\n21...Nxc2, with the idea of ...Nc2-d4.\n**21...Bc4 22.b3 Bb5 23.Nxb5 axb5**\n**24.Be2**\nThe second bishops joins the attack,\nwith decisive effect.\n**24...Nxe4**\nOn 24...Qa6, White wins with 25.Qg3.\n**25.Bxb5+** **Kd8** **26.Qa7** **Qd5**\n**27.Qb6+ Rc7 28.a6 bxa6 29.Qb8+**\n**Rc8 30.Qa7 Rc7 31.Ba5 axb5**\n**32.Qxc7+** **Ke8** **33.Bb4** **Nf2+**\n**34.Kg1 Nh3+ 35.Kf1** **1-0**\n\n\n**30** *******\nElmar Magerramov\nGarry Kasparov\nBaku 1977\n**1.Nf3 Nf6 2.d4 e6 3.c4 d5 4.Nc3**\n**Be7 5.Bg5 0-0 6.e3 h6 7.Bh4 b6**\n**8.Qb3**\nWhite waits for the black bishop to\noccupy the square b7.\nThe immediate 8.Bxf6 Bxf6 9.cxd5\nexd5 10.Qb3 makes no sense,\nbecause of 10...Be6! – on this square,\nthe bishop is better-placed than on\nb7.\nAfter the simplifying 8.cxd5 Nxd5\n9.Bxe7 Qxe7 10.Nxd5 exd5 11.Rc1,\nBlack again develops his bishop\nwith 11...Be6!, and modern theory\nconsiders this position to be equal.\n**8...Bb7 9.Bxf6 Bxf6 10.cxd5 exd5**\n**11.Rd1**\n\nTs.d.tM_Ts.d.tM_\njLj._Jj.jLj._Jj.\n.j._.l.j.j._.l.j\n_._J_._._._J_._.\n._.i._._._.i._._\n_Qn.iN_._Qn.iN_.\nIi._.iIiIi._.iIi\n_._RkB_R_._RkB_R\n\nWhite has given his opponent the\nadvantage of the two bishops, with the\naim of stopping the advance ...c7-c5.\nFor this purpose, he has brought his\nrook to d1, indirectly strengthening\nthe pressure against d5. If Black\nrefrains from the advance ...c7-c5\nin the near future, White will place\nhis pieces on convenient squares\nand develop some pressure. This is\nthe strict positional discussion, but\nthe young Kasparov spotted that\n\n59\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Budapest 1970\"]\n[Site \"Budapest\"]\n[Date \"1970.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Geller, Efim\"]\n[Black \"Filipowicz, Andrzej\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 d6 6. Be2 Be7 7. O-O a6 8. f4 Qc7 9. Kh1 Nc6 10. Be3 Bd7 11. a4 Rc8 {It is still not clear if the rook should occupy this square. For example, if White plays his knight to b3 and then advances the pawn with g2-g4, Black often retreats his queen’s bishop to c8, so as to free d7 for the knight. More logical was 11...0-0, delaying a decision about his queenside development.} 12. Nb3 Nb4 {It is already impossible to prevent the bind on the queenside, because 12...Na5 allows the strong reply 13.e5!.} 13. a5 Bc6 14. Bf3 e5 {It would still be better to play a developing move, so he should have preferred 14...0-0.} 15. fxe5 dxe5 16. Bb6 Qd6 {So the queen does not get hit, it would be better to play 16...Qb8.} 17. Qe2 17... Qe6 {With this move, Black misses his last chance to castle. It was absolutely vital to play 17...0-0! 18.Rfd1 (on the natural 18.Rad1, Black has 18...Qe6! 19.Nc5 Bxc5 20.Bxc5 Bb5 21.Qf2 Bxf1 22.Bxb4 Bb5 23.Bxf8 Kxf8 24.Nxb5 axb5 25.c3 g6, with a defensible position) 18...Qb8 - White has the advantage, but all the battle lies ahead. The middlegame is blazing, and the black king is in the centre. White carries out the attack in style.} 18. Nc5! Bxc5 19. Bxc5 Bb5 20. Qf2! {But not 20.Nxb5 Rxc5, and Black manages to complete his development.} 20... Bxf1 21. Bxb4 {Of the two pieces which are attacked, White chooses the one which could take part in the fight for the central squares and moves the bishop from the attack of the rook. On 21.Rxf1, there would have followed 21...Nxc2+, with the idea of ...Nc2-d4.} 21... Bc4 22. b3 Bb5 23. Nxb5 axb5 24. Be2 {The second bishops joins the attack, with decisive effect.} 24... Nxe4 {On 24...Qa6, White wins with 25.Qg3.} 25. Bxb5+ Kd8 26. Qa7 Qd5 27. Qb6+ Rc7 28. a6 bxa6 29. Qb8+ Rc8 30. Qa7 Rc7 31. Ba5 axb5 32. Qxc7+ Ke8 33. Bb4 Nf2+ 34. Kg1 Nh3+ 35. Kf1 1-0",
    "input: Black has 18...Qe6! 19.Nc5 Bxc5\n20.Bxc5 Bb5 21.Qf2 Bxf1 22.Bxb4\nBb5 23.Bxf8 Kxf8 24.Nxb5 axb5\n25.c3 g6, with a defensible position)\n18...Qb8 – White has the advantage,\nbut all the battle lies ahead. The\nmiddlegame is blazing, and the\nblack king is in the centre. White\ncarries out the attack in style.\n**18.Nc5! Bxc5 19.Bxc5 Bb5**\n\n._T_M_.t._T_M_.t\n_J_._JjJ_J_._JjJ\nJ_._Ds._J_._Ds._\niLb.j._.iLb.j._.\n.s._I_._.s._I_._\n_.n._B_._.n._B_.\n.iI_Q_Ii.iI_Q_Ii\nr._._R_Kr._._R_K\n\n\n**20.Qf2!**\nBut not 20.Nxb5 Rxc5, and\nBlack manages to complete his\ndevelopment.\n**20...Bxf1 21.Bxb4**\nOf the two pieces which are attacked,\nWhite chooses the one which could\ntake part in the fight for the central\nsquares and moves the bishop\nfrom the attack of the rook. On\n21.Rxf1, there would have followed\n21...Nxc2, with the idea of ...Nc2-d4.\n**21...Bc4 22.b3 Bb5 23.Nxb5 axb5**\n**24.Be2**\nThe second bishops joins the attack,\nwith decisive effect.\n**24...Nxe4**\nOn 24...Qa6, White wins with 25.Qg3.\n**25.Bxb5+** **Kd8** **26.Qa7** **Qd5**\n**27.Qb6+ Rc7 28.a6 bxa6 29.Qb8+**\n**Rc8 30.Qa7 Rc7 31.Ba5 axb5**\n**32.Qxc7+** **Ke8** **33.Bb4** **Nf2+**\n**34.Kg1 Nh3+ 35.Kf1** **1-0**\n\n\n**30** *******\nElmar Magerramov\nGarry Kasparov\nBaku 1977\n**1.Nf3 Nf6 2.d4 e6 3.c4 d5 4.Nc3**\n**Be7 5.Bg5 0-0 6.e3 h6 7.Bh4 b6**\n**8.Qb3**\nWhite waits for the black bishop to\noccupy the square b7.\nThe immediate 8.Bxf6 Bxf6 9.cxd5\nexd5 10.Qb3 makes no sense,\nbecause of 10...Be6! – on this square,\nthe bishop is better-placed than on\nb7.\nAfter the simplifying 8.cxd5 Nxd5\n9.Bxe7 Qxe7 10.Nxd5 exd5 11.Rc1,\nBlack again develops his bishop\nwith 11...Be6!, and modern theory\nconsiders this position to be equal.\n**8...Bb7 9.Bxf6 Bxf6 10.cxd5 exd5**\n**11.Rd1**\n\nTs.d.tM_Ts.d.tM_\njLj._Jj.jLj._Jj.\n.j._.l.j.j._.l.j\n_._J_._._._J_._.\n._.i._._._.i._._\n_Qn.iN_._Qn.iN_.\nIi._.iIiIi._.iIi\n_._RkB_R_._RkB_R\n\nWhite has given his opponent the\nadvantage of the two bishops, with the\naim of stopping the advance ...c7-c5.\nFor this purpose, he has brought his\nrook to d1, indirectly strengthening\nthe pressure against d5. If Black\nrefrains from the advance ...c7-c5\nin the near future, White will place\nhis pieces on convenient squares\nand develop some pressure. This is\nthe strict positional discussion, but\nthe young Kasparov spotted that\n\n59\n\n\n-----\n\nthe white set-up has only one, but\nan important, drawback – the white\nking has not yet castled! Therefore,\nthere followed\n**11...c5!**\nA very specific and strong move.\n**12.dxc5**\nMaybe White should have taken\ncare of his king with 12.Be2, but\nthen there follows 12...c4! 13.Qc2.\nHere Black has two ways to develop\nhis play:\n\nTs.d.tM_Ts.d.tM_\njL_._Jj.jL_._Jj.\n.j._.l.j.j._.l.j\n_._J_._._._J_._.\n._Ji._._._Ji._._\n_.n.iN_._.n.iN_.\nIiQ_BiIiIiQ_BiIi\n_._Rk._R_._Rk._R\n\n_analysis diagram_\n\nA) 13...Nc6 14.b3 (14.0-0 Qd7\n(Black has convenient development)\n15.b3) 14...cxb3 (by exchanging his\nadvanced pawn on c4, Black counts\non piece play on the queenside)\n15.axb3 (after 15.Qxb3 Na5, Black\nis definitely very active, and his\nknight heads to c4) 15...Nb4 16.Qd2\nRc8 17.0-0 Re8 18.Rc1 a6 19.Ne1 Be7\n20.Nd3 Nxd3 21.Qxd3 Rc7, with\nexcellent play;\nB) 13...a6 (trying to secure the\nadvanced pawn on c4) 14.Ne5\n(otherwise, Black gets his way free\nof charge) 14...b5 15.0-0, and now\nthe continuation 15...b4!? promises\na sharp battle, in which Black’s\nchances are nonetheless superior.\n16.Na4 Bxe5 17.dxe5 Nd7 18.f4 Bc6\n19.Bf3 Qa5 20.b3 Rac8.\n\n60\n\n\n**12...Nd7! 13.c6**\nThe complexity of White’s problems\nis shown by the variation 13.cxb6\nNc5 14.Qb4 (even after 14.Qc2,\nthings are still not quite clear with\nthe white king, e.g., 14...axb6 15.Bc4\nBxc3+ 16.Qxc3 Qe7 17.Bxd5 Rfd8\n18.Bb3 Ba6 19.Bc2 Rxd1+ 20.Kxd1\nRc8! – the black attack against the\nwhite king, stuck in the centre, is\nvery dangerous) 14...Qd6! 15.a3 a5\n16.Qc4 Rfd8 17.Qa2 Qxb6 18.Be2\nd4! 19.Nxd4 (19.exd4 Ne6 20.0-0\nRac8! 21.Qb1 Nxd4 22.Nxd4 Bxd4,\nand Black is a little better) 19...Bxg2\n20.Rg1 Bb7, with a very strong\ninitiative for the pawn.\n**13...Bxc6 14.Nd4**\nCorrect is 14.Nxd5, but after 14...Nc5\n15.Nxf6+ Qxf6 16.Qc3 Qxc3+\n17.bxc3, the white pawns on the\nqueenside are weak and one of them\nwill be lost. The position is roughly\nequal.\n**14...Bxd4 15.Rxd4**\nOn 15.exd4, there follows 15...Qg5!,\nand again White cannot get his king\nout of the centre: 16.g3 Qf5! 17.Be2\nQh3!, not permitting the king to\nflee.\n**15...Nc5 16.Qd1 Ne6 17.Rd2**\n\nT_.d.tM_T_.d.tM_\nj._._Jj.j._._Jj.\n.jL_S_.j.jL_S_.j\n_._J_._._._J_._.\n._._._._._._._._\n_.n.i._._.n.i._.\nIi.r.iIiIi.r.iIi\n__._QkB_R_._QkB_R_\n\n**17...d4!**\n\n\n-----\n\nThis is the way to treat kings that are\nstuck in the centre of the board! In\naddition, this advance is one of the\nbasic plans in IQP structures anyway.\nBlack obtains great activity. White,\nmeanwhile, finds himself trying to\nhang on to his material gains, and\nhis pieces are forced into passive\npositions. Just look at the bishop\non c6. But of course, such a pawn\nsacrifice needs to be combined with\naccurate assessment of the position\nand calculation of variations.\n**18.exd4**\nBlack is somewhat better after\n18.Ne2 Qe7 19.Nxd4 Nxd4 20.Rxd4\nRfd8⩲.\n**18...Re8 19.f3**\nIn the variation 19.d5 Nf4+ 20.Be2\nNxg2+ 21.Kf1 Bd7! 22.Kxg2? Qg5+\n23.Kf1 Bh3+ 24.Ke1 Qg2 25.Rf1\nQxf1#, we see the point of Black’s\nidea.\n\nT_.dT_M_T_.dT_M_\nj._._Jj.j._._Jj.\n.jL_S_.j.jL_S_.j\n_._._._._._._._.\n._.i._._._.i._._\n_.n._I_._.n._I_.\nIi.r._IiIi.r._Ii\n_._QkB_R_._QkB_R\n\n**19...Bxf3!!**\n\n\nA brilliant tactical blow.\n**20.gxf3** **Qh4+** **21.Rf2** **Nxd4+**\n**22.Be2**\n22.Ne2 Nxf3#.\n**22...Nxf3+ 23.Kf1 Qh3+ 24.Rg2**\n**Nh4 25.Rg1 Rad8 26.Qe1**\n\n._.tT_M_._.tT_M_\nj._._Jj.j._._Jj.\n.j._._.j.j._._.j\n_._._._._._._._.\n._._._.s._._._.s\n_.n._._D_.n._._D\nIi._B_RiIi._B_Ri\n_._.qKr._._.qKr.\n\n\n**26...Rd3!**\nBringing up the reserves for the\nfinal blow. At the same time, White\nis tied up and can do nothing.\n**27.Qf2 Nf3 28.Rh1 Rde3 29.Rg1**\n**Kh8!**\nProphylaxis. The opponent has\nno moves, so Black does not force\nevents, but simply strengthens his\nposition. He could also win with\n29...Rxc3 30.bxc3 Nxh2+ 31.Ke1\nQxc3+.\n**30.Rh1 b5**\nWhite resigned.\nThe knight on c3 soon has to move,\nafter which the bishop on e2 drops.\nA brilliant game by the future 13[th]\nWorld Champion.\n\n\n**Additional material**\nTal-Hecht, Varna 1962\nSmyslov-Fischer, Palma de Mallorca 1970\n\n\n61\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Baku 1977\"]\n[Site \"Baku\"]\n[Date \"1977.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Magerramov, Elmar\"]\n[Black \"Kasparov, Garry\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n\n1. Nf3 Nf6 2. d4 e6 3. c4 d5 4. Nc3 Be7 5. Bg5 O-O 6. e3 h6 7. Bh4 b6 8. Qb3 {White waits for the black bishop to occupy the square b7.\nThe immediate 8.Bxf6 Bxf6 9.cxd5 exd5 10.Qb3 makes no sense, because of 10...Be6! – on this square, the bishop is better-placed than on b7. \nAfter the simplifying 8.cxd5 Nxd5 9.Bxe7 Qxe7 10.Nxd5 exd5 11.Rc1, Black again develops his bishop with 11...Be6!, and modern theory considers this position to be equal.} 8... Bb7 9. Bxf6 Bxf6 10. cxd5 exd5 11. Rd1 {White has given his opponent the advantage of the two bishops, with the aim of stopping the advance ...c7-c5. \nFor this purpose, he has brought his rook to d1, indirectly strengthening the pressure against d5. If Black refrains from the advance ...c7-c5 in the near future, White will place his pieces on convenient squares and develop some pressure. This is the strict positional discussion, but the young Kasparov spotted that the white set-up has only one, but an important, drawback – the white king has not yet castled! Therefore, there followed} 11... c5! {A very specific and strong move.} 12. dxc5 {Maybe White should have taken care of his king with 12.Be2, but then there follows 12...c4! 13.Qc2. \nHere Black has two ways to develop his play:\nA) 13...Nc6 14.b3 (14.0-0 Qd7 (Black has convenient development) 15.b3) 14...cxb3 (by exchanging his advanced pawn on c4, Black counts on piece play on the queenside) 15.axb3 (after 15.Qxb3 Na5, Black is definitely very active, and his knight heads to c4) 15...Nb4 16.Qd2 Rc8 17.0-0 Re8 18.Rc1 a6 19.Ne1 Be7 20.Nd3 Nxd3 21.Qxd3 Rc7, with excellent play; \nB) 13...a6 (trying to secure the advanced pawn on c4) 14.Ne5 (otherwise, Black gets his way free of charge) 14...b5 15.0-0, and now the continuation 15...b4!? promises a sharp battle, in which Black’s chances are nonetheless superior. 16.Na4 Bxe5 17.dxe5 Nd7 18.f4 Bc6 19.Bf3 Qa5 20.b3 Rac8.} 12... Nd7! 13. c6 {The complexity of White’s problems is shown by the variation 13.cxb6 Nc5 14.Qb4 (even after 14.Qc2, things are still not quite clear with the white king, e.g., 14...axb6 15.Bc4 Bxc3+ 16.Qxc3 Qe7 17.Bxd5 Rfd8 18.Bb3 Ba6 19.Bc2 Rxd1+ 20.Kxd1 Rc8! – the black attack against the white king, stuck in the centre, is very dangerous) 14...Qd6! 15.a3 a5 16.Qc4 Rfd8 17.Qa2 Qxb6 18.Be2 d4! 19.Nxd4 (19.exd4 Ne6 20.0-0 Rac8! 21.Qb1 Nxd4 22.Nxd4 Bxd4, and Black is a little better) 19...Bxg2 20.Rg1 Bb7, with a very strong initiative for the pawn.} 13... Bxc6 14. Nd4 {Correct is 14.Nxd5, but after 14...Nc5 15.Nxf6+ Qxf6 16.Qc3 Qxc3+ 17.bxc3, the white pawns on the queenside are weak and one of them will be lost. The position is roughly equal.} 14... Bxd4 15. Rxd4 {On 15.exd4, there follows 15...Qg5!, and again White cannot get his king out of the centre: 16.g3 Qf5! 17.Be2 Qh3!, not permitting the king to flee.} 15... Nc5 16. Qd1 Ne6 17. Rd2 17... d4! {This is the way to treat kings that are stuck in the centre of the board! In addition, this advance is one of the basic plans in IQP structures anyway. Black obtains great activity. White, meanwhile, finds himself trying to hang on to his material gains, and his pieces are forced into passive positions. Just look at the bishop on c6. But of course, such a pawn sacrifice needs to be combined with accurate assessment of the position and calculation of variations.} 18. exd4 {Black is somewhat better after 18.Ne2 Qe7 19.Nxd4 Nxd4 20.Rxd4 Rfd8.} 18... Re8 19. f3 {In the variation 19.d5 Nf4+ 20.Be2 Nxg2+ 21.Kf1 Bd7! 22.Kxg2? Qg5+ 23.Kf1 Bh3+ 24.Ke1 Qg2 25.Rf1 Qxf1#, we see the point of Black’s idea.} 19... Bxf3!! {A brilliant tactical blow.} 20. gxf3 Qh4+ 21. Rf2 Nxd4+ 22. Be2 {22.Ne2 Nxf3#.} 22... Nxf3+ 23. Kf1 Qh3+ 24. Rg2 Nh4 25. Rg1 Rad8 26. Qe1 26... Rd3! {Bringing up the reserves for the final blow. At the same time, White is tied up and can do nothing.} 27. Qf2 Nf3 28. Rh1 Rde3 29. Rg1 Kh8! {Prophylaxis. The opponent has no moves, so Black does not force events, but simply strengthens his position. He could also win with 29...Rxc3 30.bxc3 Nxh2+ 31.Ke1 Qxc3+.} 30. Rh1 b5 0-1 {White resigned.\nThe knight on c3 soon has to move, after which the bishop on e2 drops. A brilliant game by the future 13th World Champion.}",
    "input: **Chapter 7**\n#### An unprepared attack\n\nOne should not launch an attack when one has not completed development.\nOr, at least, one should be well ahead of the opponent in this regard. After\nall, defence is easier, so one needs to have some basis for the attack, some\nsuperiority in forces.\n\n\n**31** *****\nRené Letelier Martner\nRobert Fischer\nLeipzig ol 1960 (8)\n**1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 g6 3.Nc3 Bg7 4.e4**\n**0-0**\n\nTsLd.tM_TsLd.tM_\njJjJjJlJjJjJjJlJ\n._._.sJ_._._.sJ_\n_._._._._._._._.\n._IiI_._._IiI_._\n_.n._._._.n._._.\nIi._.iIiIi._.iIi\nr.bQkBnRr.bQkBnR\n\nIn principle, this move is a\nprovocation. But for 1960, it was\na real challenge! If the knight is\nattacked, it has to go to e8. But\nnow, with the aid of experience\ncollected over time, we can say that\nWhite’s next move is the start of an\ninsufficiently-prepared attack in the\ncentre.\n**5.e5?!**\nHe should have prepared quiet\ndevelopment with 5.Be2, 5.Nf3 or\n5.f3 – in any event, Black would play\n5...d6, transposing to a well-known\nvariation of the King’s Indian\nDefence.\n**5...Ne8 6.f4**\n\n62\n\n\nThe parade goes on. But look at the\npotential threats to the white centre.\nThe pawn on c4 is already unable\nto protect its d4-colleague from c3,\nwhich means that if Black plays\n...d7-d6 and ...c7-c5, the white centre\nis incapable of being supported\nby pawns, whilst in a piece battle,\nBlack outstrips his opponent in\ndevelopment.\n**6...d6 7.Be3**\n7.Nf3 dxe5 8.fxe5?! (stronger is\n8.Nxe5) 8...Bg4 9.Be2 c5 10.Bf4\ncxd4 11.Qxd4 Nc6 12.Qxd8? (12.Qe3\nQa5 13.0-0 Bxf3 14.Bxf3 Nxe5\n15.Bxb7 Nxc4 16.Qxe7 Rd8, Black’s\nchances are superior) 12...Rxd8\nSchoen-Fischer, San Francisco 1957.\n\nTsLdStM_TsLdStM_\njJj.jJlJjJj.jJlJ\n._.j._J_._.j._J_\n_._.i._._._.i._.\n._Ii.i._._Ii.i._\n_.n.b._._.n.b._.\nIi._._IiIi._._Ii\nr._QkBnRr._QkBnR\n\n**7...c5! 8.dxc5 Nc6 9.cxd6 exd6**\n**10.Ne4?!**\nAfter the developing move 10.Nf3,\nthere follows 10...Be6 11.Qb3 (better\nis 11.Be2) 11...dxe5 12.Qxb7 Rc8\n\n\n-----\n\n13.fxe5 Nxe5 14.Nxe5 Bxe5 15.Qe4\nQf6 16.Rd1 Nd6 17.Qf3 Bxc3+\n18.bxc3 Qxc3+ 19.Kf2, KobrynWojchiechowski, Email 2008. Here,\nthe strongest move appears to be\n19...Nf5 20.Bf4 Qb2+ 21.Rd2 Qb6+\n22.Be3 Qb1.\n**10...Bf5 11.Ng3?**\nBlack is also better after 11.Nxd6\nNxd6 12.Qxd6 Qxd6 13.exd6 Bxb2\n14.Rd1 Nb4!.\n**11...Be6 12.Nf3 Qc7**\nMaybe even stronger was 12...dxe5!\n13.Qxd8 Rxd8 14.Bc5 exf4 15.Ne4\nBf5 16.Nc3 (16.Bxf8 Bxf8 17.Nc3\nNb4 18.Rd1 Nc2+ 19.Ke2 Rc8 20.b3\nNf6, and it becomes very hot\nfor the white king in the centre)\n16...Bxc3+ 17.bxc3 Nf6 18.Bxf8\nKxf8 19.Rc1 Re8+ 20.Kf2 Re3\n21.Kg1 Ne4⩲.\n**13.Qb1**\nAfter 13.f5 gxf5 14.Bd3 Nxe5 15.Nxe5\nf4!, Black saves a tempo: 16.Bxf4\ndxe5 17.Bd2 f5, and White has a very\ndangerous position.\n**13...dxe5 14.f5**\n\nT_._StM_T_._StM_\njJd._JlJjJd._JlJ\n._S_L_J_._S_L_J_\n_._.jI_._._.jI_.\n._I_._._._I_._._\n_._.bNn._._.bNn.\nIi._._IiIi._._Ii\nrQ_.kB_RrQ_.kB_R\n\n**14...e4!**\nThis pawn move is not only tactically\njustified, but also opens lines for all\nthe black pieces.\n**15.fxe6**\n\n\nNo better is 15.Qxe4 gxf5!, with the\nidea 16.Nxf5? Qa5+.\n**15...exf3 16.gxf3 f5! 17.f4 Nf6**\n**18.Be2 Rfe8 19.Kf2 Rxe6**\nWhite’s centre has been destroyed\nand the black pieces dominate the\nboard.\n**20.Re1 Rae8 21.Bf3**\n\n._._T_M_._._T_M_\njJd._.lJjJd._.lJ\n._S_TsJ_._S_TsJ_\n_._._J_._._._J_.\n._I_.i._._I_.i._\n_._.bBn._._.bBn.\nIi._.k.iIi._.k.i\nrQ_.r._.rQ_.r._.\n\n\n**21...Rxe3!**\nA simple but beautiful combination\nby the 11[th] World Champion.\n**22.Rxe3 Rxe3 23.Kxe3 Qxf4+!!**\nWhite resigned.\n\n**32** ******\nValentina Gunina 2514\nJoanna Majdan 2386\nHalkidiki Ech tt W 2011 (6)\n**1.d4 d5 2.c4 dxc4 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.e3**\n**e6 5.Bxc4 c5 6.0-0 a6 7.a4 Nbd7?!**\n**8.Qe2 b6? 9.e4 Bb7 10.d5 e5**\n\nT_.dMl.tT_.dMl.t\n_L_S_JjJ_L_S_JjJ\nJj._.s._Jj._.s._\n_.jIj._._.jIj._.\nI_B_I_._I_B_I_._\n_._._N_._._._N_.\n.i._QiIi.i._QiIi\n_rNb._Rk.rNb._Rk._\n\n63\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Leipzig ol 1960\"]\n[Site \"Leipzig\"]\n[Date \"1960.??.??\"]\n[Round \"8\"]\n[White \"Letelier Martner, René\"]\n[Black \"Fischer, Robert\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n\n1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 g6 3. Nc3 Bg7 4. e4 O-O {In principle, this move is a provocation. But for 1960, it was a real challenge! If the knight is attacked, it has to go to e8. But now, with the aid of experience collected over time, we can say that White’s next move is the start of an insufficiently-prepared attack in the centre.} 5. e5?! {He should have prepared quiet development with 5.Be2, 5.Nf3 or 5.f3 - in any event, Black would play 5...d6, transposing to a well-known variation of the King’s Indian Defence.} 5... Ne8 6. f4 {The parade goes on. But look at the potential threats to the white centre. The pawn on c4 is already unable to protect its d4-colleague from c3, which means that if Black plays ...d7-d6 and ...c7-c5, the white centre is incapable of being supported by pawns, whilst in a piece battle, Black outstrips his opponent in development.} 6... d6 7. Be3 {7.Nf3 dxe5 8.fxe5?! (stronger is 8.Nxe5) 8...Bg4 9.Be2 c5 10.Bf4 cxd4 11.Qxd4 Nc6 12.Qxd8? (12.Qe3 Qa5 13.0-0 Bxf3 14.Bxf3 Nxe5 15.Bxb7 Nxc4 16.Qxe7 Rd8, Black’s chances are superior) 12...Rxd8, Schoen-Fischer, San Francisco 1957.} 7... c5! 8. dxc5 Nc6 9. cxd6 exd6 10. Ne4?! {After the developing move 10.Nf3, there follows 10...Be6 11.Qb3 (better is 11.Be2) 11...dxe5 12.Qxb7 Rc8 13.fxe5 Nxe5 14.Nxe5 Bxe5 15.Qe4 Qf6 16.Rd1 Nd6 17.Qf3 Bxc3+ 18.bxc3 Qxc3+ 19.Kf2, Kobryn-Wojchiechowski, Email 2008. Here, the strongest move appears to be 19...Nf5 20.Bf4 Qb2+ 21.Rd2 Qb6+ 22.Be3 Qb1.} 10... Bf5 11. Ng3? {Black is also better after 11.Nxd6 Nxd6 12.Qxd6 Qxd6 13.exd6 Bxb2 14.Rd1 Nb4!.} 11... Be6 12. Nf3 Qc7 {Maybe even stronger was 12...dxe5! 13.Qxd8 Rxd8 14.Bc5 exf4 15.Ne4 Bf5 16.Nc3 (16.Bxf8 Bxf8 17.Nc3 Nb4 18.Rd1 Nc2+ 19.Ke2 Rc8 20.b3 Nf6, and it becomes very hot for the white king in the centre) 16...Bxc3+ 17.bxc3 Nf6 18.Bxf8 Kxf8 19.Rc1 Re8+ 20.Kf2 Re3 21.Kg1 Ne4.} 13. Qb1 {After 13.f5 gxf5 14.Bd3 Nxe5 15.Nxe5 f4!, Black saves a tempo: 16.Bxf4 dxe5 17.Bd2 f5, and White has a very dangerous position.} 13... dxe5 14. f5 14... e4! {This pawn move is not only tactically justified, but also opens lines for all the black pieces.} 15. fxe6 {No better is 15.Qxe4 gxf5!, with the idea 16.Nxf5? Qa5+.} 15... exf3 16. gxf3 f5! 17. f4 Nf6 18. Be2 Rfe8 19. Kf2 Rxe6 {White’s centre has been destroyed and the black pieces dominate the board.} 20. Re1 Rae8 21. Bf3 21... Rxe3! {A simple but beautiful combination by the 11th World Champion.} 22. Rxe3 Rxe3 23. Kxe3 Qxf4+!! 0-1 {White resigned.}",
    "input: **Chapter 3**\n#### Do not make unnecessary pawn moves if you have not completed your development\n\nUnnecessary pawn moves are a favourite diversion of young players. Instead\nof rapid development, we too often see unnecessary prophylactic measures\nor defence against non-existent threats. No matter how many times they\nare shown what this leads to, or experience the consequences in their\nown games, the habit continues. But one must not lose hope of curing this\nweakness, one must just correct, correct, correct... Eventually, the water will\nwear away the stone.\n\n\n**13** *****\nKonstantin Landa 2614\nKay Hansen 2230\nVienna 2003 (4)\n**1.e4 c6 2.d4 d5 3.Nc3 b5?!**\nDespite the undoubted strangeness\nof this move, Black does create a\nconcrete threat to drive away the\nknight and then take on e4.\nThe normal continuation is 3...dxe4,\nfollowed by developing the pieces.\n**4.e5**\nHere it is essential to consider in\nwhich variation of the Caro-Kann\nthe move ...b7-b5 will be least useful.\nFor example, it is not easy to\ndemonstrate a white advantage after\n4.exd5 b4 5.Ne4 Qxd5 (5...cxd5\n6.Nc5 e6 7.a3 bxa3 8.Rxa3 Nf6)\n6.Ng3 e6!?.\nAlso less than entirely clear is\n4.Bd3 b4 5.Nce2 dxe4 6.Bxe4 Nf6\n7.Bf3 e6 – the white pieces are\nsomewhat unusually positioned, and\nmeanwhile, the black bishop can\ncome to a6 and the knight to d5.\nHowever, it was worth considering\n4.a3!?, preventing ...b5-b4.\n\n\n**4...Bf5 5.g4 Bg6?**\nCorrect was 5...Bd7. Then White\nsimply obtains a convenient\nversion of the Caro-Kann with\n3.e5 after 6.Be3! h5 7.gxh5 Nh6\n8.Nge2䩲, Tischbierek-Weiss,\nAschach 2001.\n**6.h4 h6**\nThe move 6...h5 does not change\nWhite’s plans much; there follows\n7.e6! fxe6 8.Bd3 Bf7 9.g5 g6\n10.Nf3 Nd7 11.Ne2 Rh7 12.Nf4 Rg7\n13.Qe2.\n**7.h5 Bh7**\n\nTs.dMlStTs.dMlSt\nj._.jJjLj._.jJjL\n._J_._.j._J_._.j\n_J_Ji._I_J_Ji._I\n._.i._I_._.i._I_\n_.n._._._.n._._.\nIiI_.i._IiI_.i._\nr.bQkBnRr.bQkBnR\n\n**8.e6!**\nA standard blockading pawn\nsacrifice, shutting in the Bf8 for a\nlong time to come. White will easily\n\n37\n\n\n-----\n\nbe able to regain the e6-pawn, with\nthe aid of his major pieces down the\ne-file.\n**8...Qd6**\nTaking does not help Black much:\n8...fxe6 9.Bd3!. The battle is for\nthe light squares and the point\ng6, which White will win: 9...e5\n10.Bxh7 Rxh7 11.dxe5 e6 12.Qd3\nRh8 13.Nce2 Ne7 14.Nf4, with a\nlarge advantage.\n**9.exf7+ Kxf7 10.g5 Bf5 11.Qf3 e6**\n**12.Bd3**\nIt is already clear that the early\nmove ...b7-b5 has turned out to be at\nbest a tempo loss, and, in the worst\ncase, also a serious weakening of the\nentire black pawn structure.\n**12...Qd7 13.Nce2!**\nThe knight on c3 has nothing to\ndo. Its colleague on g1 has good\nprospects of activating itself from\nthe squares f3 or h3.\n**13...hxg5 14.Bxg5 Be7 15.Nh3**\n**Nh6 16.Ng3 Na6 17.0-0-0**\nStorm clouds are gathering over the\nblack king.\n**17...Bf6 18.Bxh6!**\nRemoving the blockade on the f-file,\nthe only thing stopping the white\npieces breaking through.\n**18...Bxd3 19.Bxg7 Kxg7 20.Rxd3**\n**Raf8 21.Qg4+ Kf7 22.f4 Ke7**\n**23.Ng5 Nc7 24.Nf1 Kd6 25.Nd2**\n**Qg7 26.Ndf3 Re8 27.Re1 c5**\n**28.dxc5+ Kxc5**\nThe black king is active, but the\nposition on the board is far from\nbeing an endgame.\n**29.Ne5 Kb6 30.Qg1+ Kb7 31.Rh3**\n**Ref8 32.Qg4 Be7 33.Ng6 Rf5**\n**34.Nxe6**\nBlack resigned.\n\n38\n\n\n**14** ******\nNikola Kovacevic 2120\nSlavko Petrovic 2104\nAndrijevica ch-MNT 2012 (8)\n**1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4**\n**Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.Bg5**\n\nTsLdMl.tTsLdMl.t\n_J_.jJjJ_J_.jJjJ\nJ_.j.s._J_.j.s._\n_._._.b._._._.b.\n._.nI_._._.nI_._\n_.n._._._.n._._.\nIiI_.iIiIiI_.iIi\nr._QkB_Rr._QkB_R\n\n\nOn the board, we have one of the\nsharpest opening variations one can\nsee in modern chess, the Najdorf\nVariation of the Sicilian Defence.\nThe most ambitious response is the\nmove 6.Bg5 – placing his pieces\nin the most aggressive positions,\nWhite prepares a breakthrough in\nthe centre. Both sides need to know\nan enormous amount of theory on\nthese lines, otherwise either can\nsuffer what happens in this game.\n**6...b5?!**\nThis generally standard move\nshould be postponed until Black\nhas developed further. The main\ncontinuations here are the classical\n6...e6 and the trendy 6... Nbd7.\n**7.Bxf6!**\nSeizing the chance to spoil the black\npawn structure.\n**7...gxf6 8.Be2**\nAn instructive move. The bishop\nthreatens to come to h5, from\nwhere it will not only effectively\nattack the pawn on f7, but also\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Vienna 2003\"]\n[Site \"Vienna\"]\n[Date \"2003.??.??\"]\n[Round \"4\"]\n[White \"Landa, Konstantin\"]\n[Black \"Hansen, Kay\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 b5?! {Despite the undoubted strangeness of this move, Black does create a concrete threat to drive away the knight and then take on e4. The normal continuation is 3...dxe4, followed by developing the pieces.} 4. e5 {Here it is essential to consider in which variation of the Caro-Kann the move ...b7-b5 will be least useful. For example, it is not easy to demonstrate a white advantage after 4.exd5 b4 5.Ne4 Qxd5 (5...cxd5 6.Nc5 e6 7.a3 bxa3 8.Rxa3 Nf6) 6.Ng3 e6!?. Also less than entirely clear is 4.Bd3 b4 5.Nce2 dxe4 6.Bxe4 Nf6 7.Bf3 e6 - the white pieces are somewhat unusually positioned, and meanwhile, the black bishop can come to a6 and the knight to d5. However, it was worth considering 4.a3!?, preventing ...b5-b4.} 4... Bf5 5. g4 Bg6? {Correct was 5...Bd7. Then White simply obtains a convenient version of the Caro-Kann with 3.e5 after 6.Be3! h5 7.gxh5 Nh6 8.Nge2, Tischbierek-Weiss, Aschach 2001.} 6. h4 h6 {The move 6...h5 does not change White’s plans much; there follows 7.e6! fxe6 8.Bd3 Bf7 9.g5 g6 10.Nf3 Nd7 11.Ne2 Rh7 12.Nf4 Rg7 13.Qe2.} 7. h5 Bh7 8. e6! {A standard blockading pawn sacrifice, shutting in the Bf8 for a long time to come. White will easily be able to regain the e6-pawn, with the aid of his major pieces down the e-file.} 8... Qd6 {Taking does not help Black much: 8...fxe6 9.Bd3!. The battle is for the light squares and the point g6, which White will win: 9...e5 10.Bxh7 Rxh7 11.dxe5 e6 12.Qd3 Rh8 13.Nce2 Ne7 14.Nf4, with a large advantage.} 9. exf7+ Kxf7 10. g5 Bf5 11. Qf3 e6 12. Bd3 {It is already clear that the early move ...b7-b5 has turned out to be at best a tempo loss, and, in the worst case, also a serious weakening of the entire black pawn structure.} 12... Qd7 13. Nce2! {The knight on c3 has nothing to do. Its colleague on g1 has good prospects of activating itself from the squares f3 or h3.} 13... hxg5 14. Bxg5 Be7 15. Nh3 Nh6 16. Ng3 Na6 17. O-O-O {Storm clouds are gathering over the black king.} 17... Bf6 18. Bxh6! {Removing the blockade on the f-file, the only thing stopping the white pieces breaking through.} 18... Bxd3 19. Bxg7 Kxg7 20. Rxd3 Raf8 21. Qg4+ Kf7 22. f4 Ke7 23. Ng5 Nc7 24. Nf1 Kd6 25. Nd2 Qg7 26. Ndf3 Re8 27. Re1 c5 28. dxc5+ Kxc5 {The black king is active, but the position on the board is far from being an endgame.} 29. Ne5 Kb6 30. Qg1+ Kb7 31. Rh3 Ref8 32. Qg4 Be7 33. Ng6 Rf5 34. Nxe6 1-0 {Black resigned.}",
    "input: **Chapter 4**\n#### Do not develop the queen too early\n\nIn the majority of cases, bringing the queen out to an active position in the\nearly stages of the game is even worse than unnecessary pawn moves or\neven just purposeless moves. This is especially so if the aim of the queen\ndevelopment is to grab a wing pawn. As a rule, the opponent can just ignore\nthe threat and continue developing, obtaining in return for a minimal\nmaterial investment at least three tempi (the queen comes out, takes a pawn\nand then retreats – and sometimes even gets attacked again). There are only\nrare exceptions, such as in closed openings like the French Defence, or in\nsome very well-developed lines of the Sicilian Najdorf.\n\n\n**17** *****\nMikhail Botvinnik\nRudolf Spielmann\nMoscow 1935 (1)\n**1.c4 c6 2.e4 d5 3.exd5 cxd5 4.d4**\n**Nf6 5.Nc3 Nc6 6.Bg5 Qb6**\nBlack does not develop, nor\nstrengthen the d5-square, but instead\nsends his queen on an adventure.\nThe normal continuations are 6...e6\nand 6...Be6.\n\nT_L_Ml.tT_L_Ml.t\njJ_.jJjJjJ_.jJjJ\n.dS_.s._.dS_.s._\n_._J_.b._._J_.b.\n._Ii._._._Ii._._\n_.n._._._.n._._.\nIi._.iIiIi._.iIi\nr._QkBnRr._QkBnR\n\n**7.cxd5 Qxb2?**\nIn an open position, Black has made\ntwo of his first seven moves with his\nqueen, the second of which leads to\nfatal consequences.\n\n\nEssential was 7...Nxd4, although\nafter 8.Nf3 (if 8.Be3 e5 9.dxe6 Bc5\n10.exf7+ Kxf7 11.Nf3 Nxf3+ 12.Qxf3\nRe8 13.Bc4+ Be6 14.Bxe6+ Qxe6\n15.0-0 Bxe3, White’s advantage is\nminimal) 8...Qxb2 9.Rc1 Nxf3+\n10.Qxf3 a6 11.Bd3, White’s initiative\nis very strong.\n**8.Rc1!**\nDevelopment above all else!\nThe direct attempt to win a piece\ndoes not work, as after 8.Na4? Qb4+\n9.Bd2 Qxd4 10.dxc6, there follows\n10...Ne4!.\n**8...Nb4**\n8...Nb8 9.Na4 Qb4+ 10.Bd2.\n8...Nd8 9.Bxf6 gxf6 10.Bb5+ Bd7\n11.Bxd7+ Kxd7 12.Nge2.\n**9.Na4 Qxa2 10.Bc4 Bg4**\n10...Qa3 11.Rc3.\n**11.Nf3 Bxf3 12.gxf3** **1-0**\n\n**18** ******\nMikhail Tal\nGeorgi Tringov\nAmsterdam izt 1964 (2)\n**1.e4 g6 2.d4 Bg7 3.Nc3 d6 4.Nf3**\n\n43\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Moscow 1935\"]\n[Site \"Moscow\"]\n[Date \"1935.??.??\"]\n[Round \"1\"]\n[White \"Botvinnik, Mikhail\"]\n[Black \"Spielmann, Rudolf\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. c4 c6 2. e4 d5 3. exd5 cxd5 4. d4 Nf6 5. Nc3 Nc6 6. Bg5 Qb6 {Black does not develop, nor strengthen the d5-square, but instead sends his queen on an adventure. The normal continuations are 6...e6 and 6...Be6.} 7. cxd5 Qxb2? {In an open position, Black has made two of his first seven moves with his queen, the second of which leads to fatal consequences. Essential was 7...Nxd4, although after 8.Nf3 (if 8.Be3 e5 9.dxe6 Bc5 10.exf7+ Kxf7 11.Nf3 Nxf3+ 12.Qxf3 Re8 13.Bc4+ Be6 14.Bxe6+ Qxe6 15.0-0 Bxe3, White’s advantage is minimal) 8...Qxb2 9.Rc1 Nxf3+ 10.Qxf3 a6 11.Bd3, White’s initiative is very strong.} 8. Rc1! {Development above all else! The direct attempt to win a piece does not work, as after 8.Na4? Qb4+ 9.Bd2 Qxd4 10.dxc6, there follows 10...Ne4!.} 8... Nb4 {8...Nb8 9.Na4 Qb4+ 10.Bd2. 8...Nd8 9.Bxf6 gxf6 10.Bb5+ Bd7 11.Bxd7+ Kxd7 12.Nge2.} 9. Na4 Qxa2 10. Bc4 Bg4 {10...Qa3 11.Rc3.} 11. Nf3 Bxf3 12. gxf3 1-0",
    "input: position, and thus Black wins another\ntempo for development.\n**9.Be2 0-0-0 10.f4?**\nNow, the white kingside becomes\nan object of attack, even though his\nking is not there. Another minus\nof this move is that it contributes\nnothing to development. He should\nhave chosen 10.Nc3, preparing a\npossible evacuation of the king to\nthe queenside.\n**10...Ng4**\nNow, as well as everything else,\nthere are possible tactical blows on\ne3.\n**11.g3**\n\n**The attack with the rook’s pawn**\n\n._Mt._.t._Mt._.t\njJj.dJjJjJj.dJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_.l._L_._.l._L_.\n._I_JiS_._I_JiS_\n_I_.i.i._I_.i.i.\nIbQiB_.iIbQiB_.i\nrN_.k._RrN_.k._R\n\n**11...h5!**\nBlack manages to include in his\ninitiative his last piece – the rook\non h8. As a result, his advantage\nbecomes decisive.\n**12.h3**\nIt is already too late to develop – on\n12.Nc3, Black wins with 12...Rxd2!\n13.Qxd2 Bxe3.\n**12...h4! 13.hxg4**\nOr 13.Bxg4 Bxg4 14.hxg4 hxg3\n15.Rg1 Rh2, with the threats\n...Bc5xe3 and ...Qe7-h4.\n**13...hxg3 14.Rg1**\n\n28\n\n\n**Dynamics – opening lines**\n\n._Mt._.t._Mt._.t\njJj.dJj.jJj.dJj.\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_.l._L_._.l._L_.\n._I_JiI_._I_JiI_\n_I_.i.j._I_.i.j.\nIbQiB_._IbQiB_._\nrN_.k.r.rN_.k.r.\n\n\n**14...Rh1!**\nA simple tactical blow that decides.\n**15.Rxh1 g2 16.Rf1 Qh4+ 17.Kd1**\n**gxf1Q+**\nWhite resigned.\n\n**9** ******\nNikolay Spiridonov 2470\nGarry Kasparov 2595\nSkara Ech tt 1980 (4)\n**1.Nf3 g6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Bg5 Bg7**\n**4.Nbd2**\nWhite has chosen a harmless\nopening, the main point of which\nis usually to shift the weight of the\nstruggle to the middlegame.\n**4...c5!**\nThe most energetic, although by no\nmeans an obligatory reaction. Black\nimmediately takes action in the\ncentre and underlines the passivity\nof the knight on d2.\n**5.Bxf6**\nThe fashion for this exchange\nhas now passed – the sharp plan\nwith queenside castling, which it\ninvolves, is not dangerous.\nOn 5.e3, Black has a choice of two\ngood set-ups. The most concrete and\ndirect is 5...cxd4 (slower play results\nfrom 5...b6 – Black fianchettoes\n\n\n-----\n\nhis queen’s bishop, puts his pawn\non d6 and develops the queen’s\nknight to d7) 6.exd4 Nc6 7.c3 d5 – a\ncomplicated strategic battle for the\ncentral squares lies ahead.\nIf White were to strengthen his\ncentral pawn with the move 5.c3,\nthen after the typical exchange 5...\ncxd4 6.cxd4 0-0, the knight on\nd2 is passively placed. The pawn\nexchange on d4 also potentially\nlengthens the long diagonal for\nthe black bishop on g7. The most\ncautious move is 7.e3 (nothing good\ncomes from the attempt to seize the\ncentre with 7.e4, since Black is able\nto play the blow 7...d5! 8.e5 Ne4, and\nWhite must spend another tempo\nsecuring his bishop on g5. Black\nhas free development, whilst he can\nbreak up the pawn duo d4-e5 with\nthe move ...f7-f6), after which Black\ndoes best not to commit his d-pawn\njust yet, but instead plays 7...Nc6!,\nfirst waiting to see where White\nputs his king’s bishop. After 8.Be2\n(on 8.Bd3 Black equalises with 8...\nd5 – the light-squared bishop can be\nattacked or exchanged with Bf5), as\nwell as 8...d5, Black can also choose\nthe double-edged 8...d6!? 9.0-0 h6\n10.Bh4 g5 11.Bg3. The bishop on\ng3 is blocked in by the wall of black\npawns, so Black can either exchange\nit with 11...Nh5, or develop his\nbishop to e6 or f5, in all cases with\na complicated battle. Such are the\nsubtleties of the opening battle.\n**5...Bxf6 6.Ne4 Bxd4 7.Nxd4 cxd4**\n**8.Qxd4 0-0 9.c4**\nOn 9.0-0-0 Nc6 10.Qd2, with\nthe idea of starting an attack by\nadvancing the h-pawn, Black has a\n\n\nchoice between an equalising line\nand a double-edged one. 10...Qa5!?\n(less sharp is the sacrifice 10...\nd5 11.Qxd5 Qc7 12.Qc5 b6 13.Qc3\nQf4+ 14.Qe3 Qxe3+ 15.fxe3 Bb7 –\nBlack’s positional compensation for\nthe pawn is sufficient for equality).\nThe exchange of queens leads to\nequality, whilst 11.Nc3!? (or 11.Qh6\nf6 12.Nc3∞) 11...b5!?∞ leads to a\nposition in which Black’s chances\nare not worse.\n\nTsLd.tM_TsLd.tM_\njJ_JjJ_JjJ_JjJ_J\n._._._J_._._._J_\n_._._._._._._._.\n._IqN_._._IqN_._\n_._._._._._._._.\nIi._IiIiIi._IiIi\nr._.kB_Rr._.kB_R\n\n**9...Nc6 10.Qd2 d6 11.Nc3 Be6**\n**12.e4**\nThis outwardly active move proves\nto be an inaccuracy – White provokes\na pawn conflict in the centre, for\nwhich his lack of development\nmeans he is not ready. His queen is\nalready in the centre. More cautious\nis 12.e3, after which the position\nis roughly equal. The bishop can\ncome to e2, and the c4-pawn can be\nstrengthened with b2-b3 – White\nwould be able to complete his\ndevelopment, without giving Black\nobjects of attack.\n**12...Qb6 13.Rd1**\nYet another inaccuracy – White\nstill has ambitious plans, rather\nthan concentrating on completing\nthe development of his kingside as\nsoon as possible. On 13.Be2, White\n\n29\n\n\n-----\n\nprobably didn’t like the immediate\nequalizing possibility 13...Qd4,\nbut it was better to go in for this\nposition than the one arising in the\ngame.\n\nT_._.tM_T_._.tM_\njJ_.jJ_JjJ_.jJ_J\n.dSjL_J_.dSjL_J_\n_._._._._._._._.\n._I_I_._._I_I_._\n_.n._._._.n._._.\nIi.q.iIiIi.q.iIi\n_._RkB_R_._RkB_R\n\n\n**13...Ne5 14.b3 f5!**\nWhite’s kingside is undeveloped,\nand this is where Black starts\noperations, bringing the rook on f8\ninto the game.\n**15.Be2 f4!**\nNow, the knight has a square on\ne5, whilst the space gained on the\nkingside should help Black develop\nhis initiative.\nOnly a draw by perpetual check\nwould result from 15...fxe4 16.Nxe4\nBf5 17.Nc3 Bc2 18.Qxc2 Qxf2+\n19.Kd2 Qf4+ 20.Ke1 Qf2+.\n**16.Nd5**\nWhite’s last poor strategic decision\nin this game – he is left with a bad\nbishop against a good knight.\nCorrect is 16.f3 Rac8 17.Na4,\ncompleting his development.\nNothing terrible should follow here\n– the knight on e5 can be exchanged\nby means of Na4-b2-d3.\n**16...Bxd5 17.Qxd5+ Kg7 18.0-0**\n**Rac8**\nPossibly, 18...a5 is more precise,\nsecuring the dark squares.\n**19.b4!**\n\n30\n\n\nWhite finds a chance to activate\nsome­what, with the only\nalternative being to mark time.\nNow, Black must reckon with a\npossible c4-c5.\n**19...Qxb4**\nNow White gets another pawn\nisland, but in return, activates his\nrooks.\n**20.Rb1 Qa3 21.Rxb7 Kf6**\nVery striking, but not entirely safe,\nsince all of the major pieces are still\non the board.\nOn 21...Rf7, there could follow\n22.Qe6 Re8 23.c5! Qxc5 24.Bb5\nRef8 25.Ba4, with chances of\nequalising.\n**22.h4 h6**\n\n._T_.t._._T_.t._\njR_.j._.jR_.j._.\n._.j.mJj._.j.mJj\n_._Qs._._._Qs._.\n._I_Ij.i._I_Ij.i\nd._._._.d._._._.\nI_._BiI_I_._BiI_\n_._._Rk._._._Rk.\n\n**23.Rd1?**\nThe rook does nothing here and it\nbelongs instead on the open file!\nCorrect was 23.Qd2 g5 24.Rfb1!\n– thanks to his control of the\nopen b-file and the possibility of\ntransferring a piece to the square h3,\nWhite has sufficient counterplay to\nhold the balance.\n**23...Rb8 24.Rc7 Rfc8 25.Rxc8**\n**Rxc8**\nThe game has simplified, and the\nstrategic defects of White’s position\nstart to tell.\n\n\n-----\n\nThis idea, which to a large extent\nbreathed new life into the system\nwith 2...d4, was found relatively\nrecently in chess terms, in 1996, and\nimmediately became popular. The\nblack knight heads for d4. White\ndoes not succeed in comfortably\nadvancing his pawn from d3, to\ncreate a pawn centre.\n**8.h3**\nAfter 8.Be3 Qd8 9.d4 Nf5 10.Qd2\ng6 11.0-0-0 Bg7, Black can always\nexchange on e3, obtaining the\nadvantage of the two bishops:\n12.Be2 0-0 13.h4 c5! 14.dxc5 Qa5!\n15.h5 Be6 – in the game DzhakaevNavara, Pardubice rapid 2011, Black\nobtained a wonderful attacking\nposition.\n8.Bxh6, although it spoils the black\nstructure, opens lines for Black, and\nhe obtains the advantage after 8...\ngxh6 9.Be2 Rg8 10.Bf3 Bf5.\n**8...Nf5 9.g4 Qe5+!**\nAn important intermediate check,\nfreeing the square d4 for the\nknight.\n**10.Ne4 Nd4**\nBlack has created his piece centre.\nWhite will not manage to drive the\nknight away from the d4-square. He\nalready stands worse.\n**11.f4 Qa5+ 12.Bd2 Qd8 13.Bg2**\n\nT_LdMl.tT_LdMl.t\njJ_.jJjJjJ_.jJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_._._._._._._._.\n._IsNiI_._IsNiI_\n_._I_._I_._I_._I\nIi.b._B_Ii.b._B_\nr._Qk._Rr._Qk._R\n\n31\n\n\n**26.Qb7 Qc5 27.Qb2 Qb6 28.Qc1**\n**g5 29.Rd5 e6 30.hxg5+ hxg5**\n**31.Rd1 Ke7 32.Qc2**\nOn 32.Qc3, there would have\nfollowed 32...Rh8, not allowing\nWhite to bring his queen to the\nh-file, and planning himself to\norganise an attack along this line.\n**32...Rb8 33.Qa4 g4! 34.Qa3 Qc5**\n**35.Qc3 g3 36.Rf1 gxf2+ 37.Rxf2**\n**Rb1+ 38.Bf1 Qe3 39.Qxe3 fxe3**\n**40.Rc2 Nxc4** **0-1**\n\n**10** ******\nArkadij Naiditsch 2716\nChristian Bauer 2638\nFrance tt 2011 (2)\n**1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 d4 3.e3 Nc6 4.exd4**\n**Nxd4 5.Nxd4 Qxd4 6.Nc3**\nWhite is somewhat ahead of his\nopponent in development. It seems\nobvious that the advanced black\nqueen will come under the attack\nof the white forces, losing precious\ntime by having to retreat. But in this\ninstance, Black finds a very concrete\nidea, allowing him to ‘fasten his\nteeth’ onto the d4-square, and create\non this square a powerful piece\ncentre.\n**6...c6 7.d3**\n\nT_L_MlStT_L_MlSt\njJ_.jJjJjJ_.jJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_._._._._._._._.\n._Id._._._Id._._\n_.nI_._._.nI_._.\nIi._.iIiIi._.iIi\nr.bQkB_Rr.bQkB_R\n\n**7...Nh6!**\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Skara Ech tt\"]\n[Site \"Skara\"]\n[Date \"1980.??.??\"]\n[Round \"4\"]\n[White \"Nikolay Spiridonov\"]\n[Black \"Garry Kasparov\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n[ECO \"D00\"]\n[PlyCount \"82\"]\n\nNf3 g6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Bg5 Bg7 4. Nbd2 {White has chosen a harmless opening, the main point of which is usually to shift the weight of the struggle to the middlegame.} 4... c5! {The most energetic, although by no means an obligatory reaction. Black immediately takes action in the centre and underlines the passivity of the knight on d2.} 5. Bxf6 {The fashion for this exchange has now passed – the sharp plan with queenside castling, which it involves, is not dangerous. On 5.e3, Black has a choice of two good set-ups. The most concrete and direct is 5...cxd4 (slower play results from 5...b6 – Black fianchettoes his queen’s bishop, puts his pawn on d6 and develops the queen’s knight to d7) 6.exd4 Nc6 7.c3 d5 – a complicated strategic battle for the central squares lies ahead. If White were to strengthen his central pawn with the move 5.c3, then after the typical exchange 5... cxd4 6.cxd4 0-0, the knight on d2 is passively placed. The pawn exchange on d4 also potentially lengthens the long diagonal for the black bishop on g7. The most cautious move is 7.e3 (nothing good comes from the attempt to seize the centre with 7.e4, since Black is able to play the blow 7...d5! 8.e5 Ne4, and White must spend another tempo securing his bishop on g5. Black has free development, whilst he can break up the pawn duo d4-e5 with the move ...f7-f6), after which Black does best not to commit his d-pawn just yet, but instead plays 7...Nc6!, first waiting to see where White puts his king’s bishop. After 8.Be2 (on 8.Bd3 Black equalises with 8... d5 – the light-squared bishop can be attacked or exchanged with Bf5), as well as 8...d5, Black can also choose the double-edged 8...d6!? 9.0-0 h6 10.Bh4 g5 11.Bg3. The bishop on g3 is blocked in by the wall of black pawns, so Black can either exchange it with 11...Nh5, or develop his bishop to e6 or f5, in all cases with a complicated battle. Such are the subtleties of the opening battle.} 5... Bxf6 6. Ne4 Bxd4 7. Nxd4 cxd4 8. Qxd4 0-0 9. c4 {On 9.0-0-0 Nc6 10.Qd2, with the idea of starting an attack by advancing the h-pawn, Black has a choice between an equalising line and a double-edged one. 10...Qa5!? (less sharp is the sacrifice 10... d5 11.Qxd5 Qc7 12.Qc5 b6 13.Qc3 Qf4+ 14.Qe3 Qxe3+ 15.fxe3 Bb7 – Black’s positional compensation for the pawn is sufficient for equality). The exchange of queens leads to equality, whilst 11.Nc3!? (or 11.Qh6 f6 12.Nc3∞) 11...b5!?∞ leads to a position in which Black’s chances are not worse.} 9... Nc6 10. Qd2 d6 11. Nc3 Be6 12. e4 {This outwardly active move proves to be an inaccuracy – White provokes a pawn conflict in the centre, for which his lack of development means he is not ready. His queen is already in the centre. More cautious is 12.e3, after which the position is roughly equal. The bishop can come to e2, and the c4-pawn can be strengthened with b2-b3 – White would be able to complete his development, without giving Black objects of attack.} 12... Qb6 13. Rd1 {Yet another inaccuracy – White still has ambitious plans, rather than concentrating on completing the development of his kingside as soon as possible. On 13.Be2, White probably didn’t like the immediate equalizing possibility 13...Qd4, but it was better to go in for this position than the one arising in the game.} 13... Ne5 14. b3 f5! {White’s kingside is undeveloped, and this is where Black starts operations, bringing the rook on f8 into the game.} 15. Be2 f4! {Now, the knight has a square on e5, whilst the space gained on the kingside should help Black develop his initiative. Only a draw by perpetual check would result from 15...fxe4 16.Nxe4 Bf5 17.Nc3 Bc2 18.Qxc2 Qxf2+ 19.Kd2 Qf4+ 20.Ke1 Qf2+.} 16. Nd5 {White’s last poor strategic decision in this game – he is left with a bad bishop against a good knight. Correct is 16.f3 Rac8 17.Na4, completing his development. Nothing terrible should follow here – the knight on e5 can be exchanged by means of Na4-b2-d3.} 16... Bxd5 17. Qxd5+ Kg7 18. 0-0 Rac8 {Possibly, 18...a5 is more precise, securing the dark squares.} 19. b4! {White finds a chance to activate some­what, with the only alternative being to mark time. Now, Black must reckon with a possible c4-c5.} 19... Qxb4 20. Rb1 Qa3 21. Rxb7 Kf6 {Very striking, but not entirely safe, since all of the major pieces are still on the board. On 21...Rf7, there could follow 22.Qe6 Re8 23.c5! Qxc5 24.Bb5 Ref8 25.Ba4, with chances of equalising.} 22. h4 h6 23. Rd1? {The rook does nothing here and it belongs instead on the open file! Correct was 23.Qd2 g5 24.Rfb1! – thanks to his control of the open b-file and the possibility of transferring a piece to the square h3, White has sufficient counterplay to hold the balance.} 23... Rb8 24. Rc7 Rfc8 25. Rxc8 Rxc8 26. Qb7 Qc5 27. Qb2 Qb6 28. Qc1 g5 29. Rd5 e6 30. hxg5+ hxg5 31. Rd1 Ke7 32. Qc2 {On 32.Qc3, there would have followed 32...Rh8, not allowing White to bring his queen to the h-file, and planning himself to organise an attack along this line.} 32... Rb8 33. Qa4 g4! 34. Qa3 Qc5 35. Qc3 g3 36. Rf1 gxf2+ 37. Rxf2 Rb1+ 38. Bf1 Qxe3 39. Qxe3 fxe3 40. Rc2 Nxc4 0-1",
    "input: **10.Bxf7+! Kxf7 11.Ne6!**\n\nT_LdSt._T_LdSt._\njJ_JjMlJjJ_JjMlJ\n._._N_J_._._N_J_\ns._.i._.s._.i._.\n._._._._._._._._\n_.n.b._._.n.b._.\nIiI_.iIiIiI_.iIi\nr._Qk._Rr._Qk._R\n\n\nWhite wins the queen, and although\nrealising the advantage took some\ntime, it was not difficult.\n**11...dxe6 12.Qxd8 Nc6 13.Qd2**\n**Bxe5 14.0-0 Nd6 15.Bf4 Nc4**\n**16.Qe2** **Bxf4** **17.Qxc4** **Kg7**\n**18.Ne4 Bc7 19.Nc5 Rf6 20.c3**\n**e5 21.Rad1 Nd8 22.Nd7 Rc6**\n**23.Qh4 Re6 24.Nc5 Rf6 25.Ne4**\n**Rf4 26.Qxe7+ Rf7 27.Qa3 Nc6**\n**28.Nd6 Bxd6 29.Rxd6 Bf5 30.b4**\n**Rff8 31.b5 Nd8 32.Rd5 Nf7 33.Rc5**\n**a6 34.b6 Be4 35.Re1 Bc6 36.Rxc6**\n**bxc6 37.b7 Rab8 38.Qxa6 Nd8**\n**39.Rb1 Rf7 40.h3 Rfxb7 41.Rxb7+**\n**Rxb7 42.Qa8**\nBlack resigned.\n\n**7** *****\nValery Loginov 2525\nKonstantin Sakaev 2600\nSt Petersburg 1996 (6)\n**1.Nf3 Nf6 2.g3 b5!?**\nSuch a move with a flank pawn is\nperfectly justified here, as White has\nnot occupied the centre with pawns.\nHowever, aggressively seizing the\ncentre is fraught with danger for\nBlack, as White can often use it as a\ntarget and break through.\n\n26\n\n\n**3.Na3?!**\nOriginal, but dubious. I should add\nthat I chose this opening variation\nas Black, precisely because Valery\nLoginov regularly played this\ndecentralising knight move.\n**3...a6 4.c4 e5!**\nBlack is ready for a fight in the centre!\n**5.b3**\n5.Nxe5 Bb7 6.Nf3 Bxa3 7.bxa3 bxc4\n8.e3 d5⩲.\n5.cxb5 e4 6.Nd4 Bc5.\n**5...e4 6.Nh4 Bc5**\nAlso good is the immediate\n6...d5!?⩲ 7.cxd5 Bc5, and now 8.Nc2\ntransposes to the variation 6...Bc5\n7.Nc2 d5 8.exd5.\n**7.Nc2 d5**\n\nTsLdM_.tTsLdM_.t\n_.j._JjJ_.j._JjJ\nJ_._.s._J_._.s._\n_JlJ_._._JlJ_._.\n._I_J_.n._I_J_.n\n_I_._.i._I_._.i.\nI_NiIi.iI_NiIi.i\nr.bQkB_Rr.bQkB_R\n\n**8.d4?**\nThe white queen comes into the\ngame, which, with its bishops still at\nhome, is bad. In addition, the white\nknights are also badly placed.\nIt was better to refrain from a sharp\nconflict between the pawns and to\nchoose the modest 8.cxd5. In reply,\nBlack has a whole range of possible\nresponses, but the most promising\nis the variation 8...Ng4 9.e3 Be7,\ngoing over to a battle for the light\nsquares.\n**8...exd3!**\n\n\n-----\n\n8...Be7⩲ ‘only’ ensures Black a\ncomfortable position, but that is not\nmuch in this situation.\n**9.Qxd3**\nAfter 9.exd3 0-0 10.d4 Re8+ Black\nhas a strong initiative.\n\nTsLdM_.tTsLdM_.t\n_.j._JjJ_.j._JjJ\nJ_._.s._J_._.s._\n_JlJ_._._JlJ_._.\n._I_._.n._I_._.n\n_I_Q_.i._I_Q_.i.\nI_N_Ii.iI_N_Ii.i\nr.b.kB_Rr.b.kB_R\n\n\n**9...Nc6!**\nBlack immediately exploits the\nexposed position of the white queen.\nThe preliminary exchange 9...bxc4\n10.bxc4 gives the queen a convenient\nretreat square: 10...Nc6 11.cxd5 Ne5\n12.Qb3!.\n**10.cxd5?**\nMuch more tenacious was 10.Bf4,\ntaking the square e5 from the black\nknight.\n**10...Ne5 11.Qc3?**\nAn oversight, but even after 11.Qd1\nNeg4 12.e3 Ne4 13.f3 Ngf2 14.Qe2\nNxg3 15.hxg3 Nxh1, it is hard for\nWhite to put up serious resistance.\n**11...Bxf2+ 12.Kd1 Qxd5+ 13.Bd2**\n**Ne4**\nWhite resigned.\n\n**8** *****\nBent Larsen\nBoris Spassky\nBelgrade tt 1970 (2)\n**1.b3?!**\n\n\nWith this move, White does not take\naction in the centre, so it must be\nconsidered a mistake.\n**1...e5 2.Bb2 Nc6 3.c4**\nPreferable is 3.e3, followed by\nBf1-b5 – that is the only way to\nexert pressure on the e5-pawn.\n**3...Nf6**\n\nT_LdMl.tT_LdMl.t\njJjJ_JjJjJjJ_JjJ\n._S_.s._._S_.s._\n_._.j._._._.j._.\n._I_._._._I_._._\n_I_._._._I_._._.\nIb.iIiIiIb.iIiIi\nrN_QkBnRrN_QkBnR\n\n\n**4.Nf3?!**\nHere the knight is attacked\nwith tempo, so this move is also\nunfortunate.\n**4...e4 5.Nd4 Bc5! 6.Nxc6 dxc6**\n**7.e3 Bf5**\nOnly seven moves have been played,\nand already Black has a significant\nadvantage in both space and\ndevelopment.\n**8.Qc2**\n\nT_.dM_.tT_.dM_.t\njJj._JjJjJj._JjJ\n._J_.s._._J_.s._\n_.l._L_._.l._L_.\n._I_J_._._I_J_._\n_I_.i._._I_.i._.\nIbQi.iIiIbQi.iIi\nrN_.kB_RrN_.kB_R\n\n**8...Qe7!**\nAfter queenside castling, the rook will\nimmediately assume a threatening\n\n27\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"St Petersburg 1996\"]\n[Site \"St Petersburg\"]\n[Date \"1996.??.??\"]\n[Round \"6\"]\n[White \"Loginov, Valery\"]\n[Black \"Sakaev, Konstantin\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n\n1. Nf3 Nf6 2. g3 b5!? {Such a move with a flank pawn is perfectly justified here, as White has not occupied the centre with pawns. However, aggressively seizing the centre is fraught with danger for Black, as White can often use it as a target and break through.} 3. Na3?! {Original, but dubious. I should add that I chose this opening variation as Black, precisely because Valery Loginov regularly played this decentralising knight move.} 3... a6 4. c4 e5! {Black is ready for a fight in the centre!} 5. b3 {5.Nxe5 Bb7 6.Nf3 Bxa3 7.bxa3 bxc4 8.e3 d5. 5.cxb5 e4 6.Nd4 Bc5.} 5... e4 6. Nh4 Bc5 {Also good is the immediate 6...d5!? 7.cxd5 Bc5, and now 8.Nc2 transposes to the variation 6...Bc5 7.Nc2 d5 8.exd5.} 7. Nc2 d5 8. d4? {The white queen comes into the game, which, with its bishops still at home, is bad. In addition, the white knights are also badly placed. It was better to refrain from a sharp conflict between the pawns and to choose the modest 8.cxd5. In reply, Black has a whole range of possible responses, but the most promising is the variation 8...Ng4 9.e3 Be7, going over to a battle for the light squares.} 8... exd3! (8...Be7 {‘only’ ensures Black a comfortable position, but that is not much in this situation.}) 9. Qxd3 {After 9.exd3 0-0 10.d4 Re8+ Black has a strong initiative.} 9... Nc6! {Black immediately exploits the exposed position of the white queen. The preliminary exchange 9...bxc4 10.bxc4 gives the queen a convenient retreat square: 10...Nc6 11.cxd5 Ne5 12.Qb3!.} 10. cxd5? {Much more tenacious was 10.Bf4, taking the square e5 from the black knight.} 10... Ne5 11. Qc3? {An oversight, but even after 11.Qd1 Neg4 12.e3 Ne4 13.f3 Ngf2 14.Qe2 Nxg3 15.hxg3 Nxh1, it is hard for White to put up serious resistance.} 11... Bxf2+ 12. Kd1 Qxd5+ 13. Bd2 Ne4 0-1 {White resigned.}",
    "input: **Chapter 2**\n#### The centre and its significance\n\nIt is hard to overstate the importance of the centre in chess: from there,\npieces can quickly reach every other part of the board. Therefore the player\nwho controls the centre usually has the advantage. Many beginners play\nthe opening in such a way as to group their pieces on the first two ranks – a\nsure-fire way to lose! Against a serious opponent, such an approach offers\nno chance at all, not even with a bit of luck. In modern-day chess, there are\nseveral different approaches to the problem of the centre. The traditional\napproach is for each side to fight for the centre, ‘pawn by pawn’, and such a\nmethod is in general the easiest and the most reliable. But sometimes one\nallows the opponent to occupy the centre, as happens for example in such\npopular openings as the Grünfeld Defence or the King’s Indian Defence.\nThere is also the English Opening, the Semi-Tarrasch, the Pirc-Modern and\nthe Réti... As you can soon establish, a fianchettoed bishop is an essential\npiece in almost all of these openings, without which it is impossible to exert\nany serious pressure on the enemy centre. Exchanging this bishop is as a\nrule highly undesirable.\nThe player usually needs to think very early and very seriously about his\nstrategy for fighting for the centre.\n\n\nSo far both players have brought\ntheir pieces to sensible squares, and\nnow Black should either continue\ndeveloping with 8...d6, or, with the\naid of the extravagant-looking 8...a5\n9.0-0 a4 10.Nxa4 Nxe4, exchange his\nwing pawn for the white central one,\nalbeit with some lag in development.\nHowever, Black instead decides to\nhunt down the white bishop, forgetting\nabout control of the central squares.\n**8...Na5?**\nThe punishment followed at once:\n**9.e5! Ne8?**\nLosing at once. After 9...Nxb3\n10.exf6 Nxa1 11.fxg7, the two pieces\nare stronger than the rook, but Black\ncould still fight.\n\n25\n\n\nRobert Fischer\nSamuel Reshevsky\nNew York ch-USA 1958 (6)\n**1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.d4 cxd4**\n**4.Nxd4 g6 5.Be3 Nf6 6.Nc3 Bg7**\n**7.Bc4 0-0 8.Bb3**\n\nT_Ld.tM_T_Ld.tM_\njJ_JjJlJjJ_JjJlJ\n._S_.sJ_._S_.sJ_\n_._._._._._._._.\n._.nI_._._.nI_._\n_Bn.b._._Bn.b._.\nIiI_.iIiIiI_.iIi\nr._Qk._Rr._Qk._R\n\n\n-----\n\n**10.Bxf7+! Kxf7 11.Ne6!**\n\nT_LdSt._T_LdSt._\njJ_JjMlJjJ_JjMlJ\n._._N_J_._._N_J_\ns._.i._.s._.i._.\n._._._._._._._._\n_.n.b._._.n.b._.\nIiI_.iIiIiI_.iIi\nr._Qk._Rr._Qk._R\n\n\nWhite wins the queen, and although\nrealising the advantage took some\ntime, it was not difficult.\n**11...dxe6 12.Qxd8 Nc6 13.Qd2**\n**Bxe5 14.0-0 Nd6 15.Bf4 Nc4**\n**16.Qe2** **Bxf4** **17.Qxc4** **Kg7**\n**18.Ne4 Bc7 19.Nc5 Rf6 20.c3**\n**e5 21.Rad1 Nd8 22.Nd7 Rc6**\n**23.Qh4 Re6 24.Nc5 Rf6 25.Ne4**\n**Rf4 26.Qxe7+ Rf7 27.Qa3 Nc6**\n**28.Nd6 Bxd6 29.Rxd6 Bf5 30.b4**\n**Rff8 31.b5 Nd8 32.Rd5 Nf7 33.Rc5**\n**a6 34.b6 Be4 35.Re1 Bc6 36.Rxc6**\n**bxc6 37.b7 Rab8 38.Qxa6 Nd8**\n**39.Rb1 Rf7 40.h3 Rfxb7 41.Rxb7+**\n**Rxb7 42.Qa8**\nBlack resigned.\n\n**7** *****\nValery Loginov 2525\nKonstantin Sakaev 2600\nSt Petersburg 1996 (6)\n**1.Nf3 Nf6 2.g3 b5!?**\nSuch a move with a flank pawn is\nperfectly justified here, as White has\nnot occupied the centre with pawns.\nHowever, aggressively seizing the\ncentre is fraught with danger for\nBlack, as White can often use it as a\ntarget and break through.\n\n26\n\n\n**3.Na3?!**\nOriginal, but dubious. I should add\nthat I chose this opening variation\nas Black, precisely because Valery\nLoginov regularly played this\ndecentralising knight move.\n**3...a6 4.c4 e5!**\nBlack is ready for a fight in the centre!\n**5.b3**\n5.Nxe5 Bb7 6.Nf3 Bxa3 7.bxa3 bxc4\n8.e3 d5⩲.\n5.cxb5 e4 6.Nd4 Bc5.\n**5...e4 6.Nh4 Bc5**\nAlso good is the immediate\n6...d5!?⩲ 7.cxd5 Bc5, and now 8.Nc2\ntransposes to the variation 6...Bc5\n7.Nc2 d5 8.exd5.\n**7.Nc2 d5**\n\nTsLdM_.tTsLdM_.t\n_.j._JjJ_.j._JjJ\nJ_._.s._J_._.s._\n_JlJ_._._JlJ_._.\n._I_J_.n._I_J_.n\n_I_._.i._I_._.i.\nI_NiIi.iI_NiIi.i\nr.bQkB_Rr.bQkB_R\n\n**8.d4?**\nThe white queen comes into the\ngame, which, with its bishops still at\nhome, is bad. In addition, the white\nknights are also badly placed.\nIt was better to refrain from a sharp\nconflict between the pawns and to\nchoose the modest 8.cxd5. In reply,\nBlack has a whole range of possible\nresponses, but the most promising\nis the variation 8...Ng4 9.e3 Be7,\ngoing over to a battle for the light\nsquares.\n**8...exd3!**\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"New York ch-USA 1958\"]\n[Site \"New York\"]\n[Date \"1958.??.??\"]\n[Round \"6\"]\n[White \"Fischer, Robert\"]\n[Black \"Reshevsky, Samuel\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n\n1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 g6 5. Be3 Nf6 6. Nc3 Bg7 7. Bc4 O-O 8. Bb3 {So far both players have brought their pieces to sensible squares, and now Black should either continue developing with 8...d6, or, with the aid of the extravagant-looking 8...a5 9.0-0 a4 10.Nxa4 Nxe4, exchange his wing pawn for the white central one, albeit with some lag in development. However, Black instead decides to hunt down the white bishop, forgetting about control of the central squares.} 8... Na5? {The punishment followed at once: 9.e5! Ne8? Losing at once. After 9...Nxb3 10.exf6 Nxa1 11.fxg7, the two pieces are stronger than the rook, but Black could still fight.} 9. e5! Ne8? 10. Bxf7+! Kxf7 11. Ne6! {White wins the queen, and although realising the advantage took some time, it was not difficult.} 11... dxe6 12. Qxd8 Nc6 13. Qd2 Bxe5 14. O-O Nd6 15. Bf4 Nc4 16. Qe2 Bxf4 17. Qxc4 Kg7 18. Ne4 Bc7 19. Nc5 Rf6 20. c3 e5 21. Rad1 Nd8 22. Nd7 Rc6 23. Qh4 Re6 24. Nc5 Rf6 25. Ne4 Rf4 26. Qxe7+ Rf7 27. Qa3 Nc6 28. Nd6 Bxd6 29. Rxd6 Bf5 30. b4 Rff8 31. b5 Nd8 32. Rd5 Nf7 33. Rc5 a6 34. b6 Be4 35. Re1 Bc6 36. Rxc6 bxc6 37. b7 Rab8 38. Qxa6 Nd8 39. Rb1 Rf7 40. h3 Rfxb7 41. Rxb7+ Rxb7 42. Qa8 1-0 {Black resigned.}",
    "input: 8...Be7⩲ ‘only’ ensures Black a\ncomfortable position, but that is not\nmuch in this situation.\n**9.Qxd3**\nAfter 9.exd3 0-0 10.d4 Re8+ Black\nhas a strong initiative.\n\nTsLdM_.tTsLdM_.t\n_.j._JjJ_.j._JjJ\nJ_._.s._J_._.s._\n_JlJ_._._JlJ_._.\n._I_._.n._I_._.n\n_I_Q_.i._I_Q_.i.\nI_N_Ii.iI_N_Ii.i\nr.b.kB_Rr.b.kB_R\n\n\n**9...Nc6!**\nBlack immediately exploits the\nexposed position of the white queen.\nThe preliminary exchange 9...bxc4\n10.bxc4 gives the queen a convenient\nretreat square: 10...Nc6 11.cxd5 Ne5\n12.Qb3!.\n**10.cxd5?**\nMuch more tenacious was 10.Bf4,\ntaking the square e5 from the black\nknight.\n**10...Ne5 11.Qc3?**\nAn oversight, but even after 11.Qd1\nNeg4 12.e3 Ne4 13.f3 Ngf2 14.Qe2\nNxg3 15.hxg3 Nxh1, it is hard for\nWhite to put up serious resistance.\n**11...Bxf2+ 12.Kd1 Qxd5+ 13.Bd2**\n**Ne4**\nWhite resigned.\n\n**8** *****\nBent Larsen\nBoris Spassky\nBelgrade tt 1970 (2)\n**1.b3?!**\n\n\nWith this move, White does not take\naction in the centre, so it must be\nconsidered a mistake.\n**1...e5 2.Bb2 Nc6 3.c4**\nPreferable is 3.e3, followed by\nBf1-b5 – that is the only way to\nexert pressure on the e5-pawn.\n**3...Nf6**\n\nT_LdMl.tT_LdMl.t\njJjJ_JjJjJjJ_JjJ\n._S_.s._._S_.s._\n_._.j._._._.j._.\n._I_._._._I_._._\n_I_._._._I_._._.\nIb.iIiIiIb.iIiIi\nrN_QkBnRrN_QkBnR\n\n\n**4.Nf3?!**\nHere the knight is attacked\nwith tempo, so this move is also\nunfortunate.\n**4...e4 5.Nd4 Bc5! 6.Nxc6 dxc6**\n**7.e3 Bf5**\nOnly seven moves have been played,\nand already Black has a significant\nadvantage in both space and\ndevelopment.\n**8.Qc2**\n\nT_.dM_.tT_.dM_.t\njJj._JjJjJj._JjJ\n._J_.s._._J_.s._\n_.l._L_._.l._L_.\n._I_J_._._I_J_._\n_I_.i._._I_.i._.\nIbQi.iIiIbQi.iIi\nrN_.kB_RrN_.kB_R\n\n**8...Qe7!**\nAfter queenside castling, the rook will\nimmediately assume a threatening\n\n27\n\n\n-----\n\nposition, and thus Black wins another\ntempo for development.\n**9.Be2 0-0-0 10.f4?**\nNow, the white kingside becomes\nan object of attack, even though his\nking is not there. Another minus\nof this move is that it contributes\nnothing to development. He should\nhave chosen 10.Nc3, preparing a\npossible evacuation of the king to\nthe queenside.\n**10...Ng4**\nNow, as well as everything else,\nthere are possible tactical blows on\ne3.\n**11.g3**\n\n**The attack with the rook’s pawn**\n\n._Mt._.t._Mt._.t\njJj.dJjJjJj.dJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_.l._L_._.l._L_.\n._I_JiS_._I_JiS_\n_I_.i.i._I_.i.i.\nIbQiB_.iIbQiB_.i\nrN_.k._RrN_.k._R\n\n**11...h5!**\nBlack manages to include in his\ninitiative his last piece – the rook\non h8. As a result, his advantage\nbecomes decisive.\n**12.h3**\nIt is already too late to develop – on\n12.Nc3, Black wins with 12...Rxd2!\n13.Qxd2 Bxe3.\n**12...h4! 13.hxg4**\nOr 13.Bxg4 Bxg4 14.hxg4 hxg3\n15.Rg1 Rh2, with the threats\n...Bc5xe3 and ...Qe7-h4.\n**13...hxg3 14.Rg1**\n\n28\n\n\n**Dynamics – opening lines**\n\n._Mt._.t._Mt._.t\njJj.dJj.jJj.dJj.\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_.l._L_._.l._L_.\n._I_JiI_._I_JiI_\n_I_.i.j._I_.i.j.\nIbQiB_._IbQiB_._\nrN_.k.r.rN_.k.r.\n\n\n**14...Rh1!**\nA simple tactical blow that decides.\n**15.Rxh1 g2 16.Rf1 Qh4+ 17.Kd1**\n**gxf1Q+**\nWhite resigned.\n\n**9** ******\nNikolay Spiridonov 2470\nGarry Kasparov 2595\nSkara Ech tt 1980 (4)\n**1.Nf3 g6 2.d4 Nf6 3.Bg5 Bg7**\n**4.Nbd2**\nWhite has chosen a harmless\nopening, the main point of which\nis usually to shift the weight of the\nstruggle to the middlegame.\n**4...c5!**\nThe most energetic, although by no\nmeans an obligatory reaction. Black\nimmediately takes action in the\ncentre and underlines the passivity\nof the knight on d2.\n**5.Bxf6**\nThe fashion for this exchange\nhas now passed – the sharp plan\nwith queenside castling, which it\ninvolves, is not dangerous.\nOn 5.e3, Black has a choice of two\ngood set-ups. The most concrete and\ndirect is 5...cxd4 (slower play results\nfrom 5...b6 – Black fianchettoes\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Belgrade tt\"]\n[Site \"Belgrade\"]\n[Date \"1970.??.??\"]\n[Round \"2\"]\n[White \"Bent Larsen\"]\n[Black \"Boris Spassky\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n[ECO \"B06\"]\n[PlyCount \"26\"]\n\n1. b3 {With this move, White does not take action in the centre, so it must be considered a mistake.} 1... e5 2. Bb2 Nc6 3. c4 {Preferable is 3.e3, followed by Bf1-b5 – that is the only way to exert pressure on the e5-pawn.} 3... Nf6 4. Nf3?! {Here the knight is attacked with tempo, so this move is also unfortunate.} 4... e4 5. Nd4 Bc5! 6. Nxc6 dxc6 7. e3 Bf5 {Only seven moves have been played, and already Black has a significant advantage in both space and development.} 8. Qc2 8... Qe7! {After queenside castling, the rook will immediately assume a threatening position, and thus Black wins another tempo for development.} 9. Be2 0-0-0 10. f4? {Now, the white kingside becomes an object of attack, even though his king is not there. Another minus of this move is that it contributes nothing to development. He should have chosen 10.Nc3, preparing a possible evacuation of the king to the queenside.} 10... Ng4 {Now, as well as everything else, there are possible tactical blows on e3.} 11. g3 {The attack with the rook’s pawn} 11... h5! {Black manages to include in his initiative his last piece – the rook on h8. As a result, his advantage becomes decisive.} 12. h3 {It is already too late to develop – on 12.Nc3, Black wins with 12...Rxd2! 13.Qxd2 Bxe3+.} 12... h4! 13. hxg4 {Or 13.Bxg4 Bxg4 14.hxg4 hxg3 15.Rg1 Rh2+, with the threats ...Bc5xe3 and ...Qe7-h4.} 13... hxg3 14. Rg1 14... Rh1! {A simple tactical blow that decides.} 15. Rxh1 g2 16. Rf1 Qh4+ 17. Kd1 gxf1Q+ 0-1",
    "input: This idea, which to a large extent\nbreathed new life into the system\nwith 2...d4, was found relatively\nrecently in chess terms, in 1996, and\nimmediately became popular. The\nblack knight heads for d4. White\ndoes not succeed in comfortably\nadvancing his pawn from d3, to\ncreate a pawn centre.\n**8.h3**\nAfter 8.Be3 Qd8 9.d4 Nf5 10.Qd2\ng6 11.0-0-0 Bg7, Black can always\nexchange on e3, obtaining the\nadvantage of the two bishops:\n12.Be2 0-0 13.h4 c5! 14.dxc5 Qa5!\n15.h5 Be6 – in the game DzhakaevNavara, Pardubice rapid 2011, Black\nobtained a wonderful attacking\nposition.\n8.Bxh6, although it spoils the black\nstructure, opens lines for Black, and\nhe obtains the advantage after 8...\ngxh6 9.Be2 Rg8 10.Bf3 Bf5.\n**8...Nf5 9.g4 Qe5+!**\nAn important intermediate check,\nfreeing the square d4 for the\nknight.\n**10.Ne4 Nd4**\nBlack has created his piece centre.\nWhite will not manage to drive the\nknight away from the d4-square. He\nalready stands worse.\n**11.f4 Qa5+ 12.Bd2 Qd8 13.Bg2**\n\nT_LdMl.tT_LdMl.t\njJ_.jJjJjJ_.jJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_._._._._._._._.\n._IsNiI_._IsNiI_\n_._I_._I_._I_._I\nIi.b._B_Ii.b._B_\nr._Qk._Rr._Qk._R\n\n31\n\n\n**26.Qb7 Qc5 27.Qb2 Qb6 28.Qc1**\n**g5 29.Rd5 e6 30.hxg5+ hxg5**\n**31.Rd1 Ke7 32.Qc2**\nOn 32.Qc3, there would have\nfollowed 32...Rh8, not allowing\nWhite to bring his queen to the\nh-file, and planning himself to\norganise an attack along this line.\n**32...Rb8 33.Qa4 g4! 34.Qa3 Qc5**\n**35.Qc3 g3 36.Rf1 gxf2+ 37.Rxf2**\n**Rb1+ 38.Bf1 Qe3 39.Qxe3 fxe3**\n**40.Rc2 Nxc4** **0-1**\n\n**10** ******\nArkadij Naiditsch 2716\nChristian Bauer 2638\nFrance tt 2011 (2)\n**1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 d4 3.e3 Nc6 4.exd4**\n**Nxd4 5.Nxd4 Qxd4 6.Nc3**\nWhite is somewhat ahead of his\nopponent in development. It seems\nobvious that the advanced black\nqueen will come under the attack\nof the white forces, losing precious\ntime by having to retreat. But in this\ninstance, Black finds a very concrete\nidea, allowing him to ‘fasten his\nteeth’ onto the d4-square, and create\non this square a powerful piece\ncentre.\n**6...c6 7.d3**\n\nT_L_MlStT_L_MlSt\njJ_.jJjJjJ_.jJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_._._._._._._._.\n._Id._._._Id._._\n_.nI_._._.nI_._.\nIi._.iIiIi._.iIi\nr.bQkB_Rr.bQkB_R\n\n**7...Nh6!**\n\n\n-----\n\n**13...g6!**\nThe bishop comes to g7,\nstrengthening control over the\nsquare d4.\n**14.Bc3 Bg7 15.0-0?!**\nHe had to try queenside castling,\nwhere his king is on a betterdefended flank. After 15.Qd2\nh5 16.0-0-0 hxg4 17.hxg4 Bxg4\n18.Rxh8+ Bxh8 19.Rh1 Bg7 20.Rh7\nKf8 21.Bf1!, White, with the idea\nof sacrificing the exchange on\ng7, could get reasonable practical\ncompensation for the pawn.\n**15...h5! 16.g5 0-0**\nNow, White’s position is strategically\nlost – Black cannot be prevented\nfrom strengthening his position,\nand attacking White’s weaknesses.\nThanks to the powerful knight\non d4, White cannot develop any\nactivity at all.\n**17.Qd2 Bf5 18.Rae1 Qc7 19.Ng3**\n**Rad8 20.Kh2 h4 21.Ne4 Ne6**\n**22.Kh1** **Rd7** **23.Bxg7** **Kxg7**\n**24.Rd1 Rfd8**\nBlack has developed and brought\nup his reserves. Now the white\npawns begin to fall like ripe\napples.\n**25.Qf2** **Rxd3** **26.Rxd3** **Rxd3**\n**27.Qxh4 Rd4 28.Ng3 Rxf4**\nWhite resigned.\n\n**11** *******\nViswanathan Anand 2781\nGarry Kasparov 2812\nLinares 1999 (10)\n**1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4**\n**Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.f3 e6 7.Be3 b5**\n**8.g4 h6 9.Qd2 Nbd7 10.0-0-0 Bb7**\n**11.h4 b4 12.Nb1 d5 13.Bh3**\n\n32\n\n\nT_.dMl.tT_.dMl.t\n_L_S_Jj._L_S_Jj.\nJ_._Js.jJ_._Js.j\n_._J_._._._J_._.\n.j.nI_Ii.j.nI_Ii\n_._.bI_B_._.bI_B\nIiIq._._IiIq._._\n_NkR_._R_NkR_._R\n\nIn the battle for the group of\ncentral squares, the black pieces\nare coordinated better. However,\nhis king is unsafe, and opening the\ncentral lines is fraught with risk.\nNow, there is a threat of g4-g5. If\nhe allows this advance, the black\nknight will be forced to retreat to a\nbad position. In addition, a threat to\nsacrifice on e6 will arise, as well as\nthe advance g5-g6. The king cannot\nfind safety on the kingside, so there\nfollowed\n**13...g5!!**\nBlack sacrifices a pawn, but slows up\nthe white attack for several moves.\n**14.hxg5 hxg5 15.exd5**\nNow, the black knight gets an\nexcellent square. It was worth\nconsidering the counter-sacrifice\n15.e5!? Nxe5 16.Bxg5 Be7 17.Rde1\nNfd7 18.Bxe7 Qxe7 19.g5 0-0-0,\nwith a roughly balanced struggle.\n**15...Nxd5 16.Bxg5 Qb6 17.Bg2**\n**Rxh1 18.Bxh1**\nWhite cannot penetrate along the\nh-file with his rook: 18.Rxh1 Bg7\n19.Ne2 (19.Nb3 comes under attack\nafter 19...a5, followed by ...a5-a4.\nAnother possible development\nof the black attack is as follows:\n19.Rd1 Rc8 20.Bh6 Be5 21.Bf1 Qc7\n22.Qf2 Qd8!!. The queen heads to\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"France tt\"]\n[Site \"France\"]\n[Date \"2011.??.??\"]\n[Round \"2\"]\n[White \"Arkadij Naiditsch\"]\n[Black \"Christian Bauer\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n[ECO \"A40\"]\n[PlyCount \"76\"]\n\nNf3 d5 2. c4 d4 3. e3 Nc6 4. exd4 Nxd4 5. Nxd4 Qxd4 6. Nc3 {White is somewhat ahead of his opponent in development. It seems obvious that the advanced black queen will come under the attack of the white forces, losing precious time by having to retreat. But in this instance, Black finds a very concrete idea, allowing him to ‘fasten his teeth’ onto the d4-square, and create on this square a powerful piece centre.} 6... c6 7. d3 {This idea, which to a large extent breathed new life into the system with 2...d4, was found relatively recently in chess terms, in 1996, and immediately became popular. The black knight heads for d4. White does not succeed in comfortably advancing his pawn from d3, to create a pawn centre.} 7... Nh6! 8. h3 {After 8.Be3 Qd8 9.d4 Nf5 10.Qd2 g6 11.0-0-0 Bg7, Black can always exchange on e3, obtaining the advantage of the two bishops: 12.Be2 0-0 13.h4 c5! 14.dxc5 Qa5! 15.h5 Be6 – in the game Dzhakaev-Navara, Pardubice rapid 2011, Black obtained a wonderful attacking position. 8.Bxh6, although it spoils the black structure, opens lines for Black, and he obtains the advantage after 8... gxh6 9.Be2 Rg8 10.Bf3 Bf5.} 8... Nf5 9. g4 Qe5+! {An important intermediate check, freeing the square d4 for the knight.} 10. Ne4 Nd4 {Black has created his piece centre. White will not manage to drive the knight away from the d4-square. He already stands worse.} 11. f4 Qa5+ 12. Bd2 Qd8 13. Bg2 13... g6! {The bishop comes to g7, strengthening control over the square d4.} 14. Bc3 Bg7 15. 0-0?! {He had to try queenside castling, where his king is on a better-defended flank. After 15.Qd2 h5 16.0-0-0 hxg4 17.hxg4 Bxg4 18.Rxh8+ Bxh8 19.Rh1 Bg7 20.Rh7 Kf8 21.Bf1!, White, with the idea of sacrificing the exchange on g7, could get reasonable practical compensation for the pawn.} 15... h5! 16. g5 0-0 {Now, White’s position is strategically lost – Black cannot be prevented from strengthening his position, and attacking White’s weaknesses. Thanks to the powerful knight on d4, White cannot develop any activity at all.} 17. Qd2 Bf5 18. Rae1 Qc7 19. Ng3 Rad8 20. Kh2 h4 21. Ne4 Ne6 22. Kh1 Rd7 23. Bxg7 Kxg7 24. Rd1 Rfd8 {Black has developed and brought up his reserves. Now the white pawns begin to fall like ripe apples.} 25. Qf2 Rxd3 26. Rxd3 Rxd3 27. Qxh4 Rd4 28. Ng3 Rxf4 0-1",
    "input: This idea, which to a large extent\nbreathed new life into the system\nwith 2...d4, was found relatively\nrecently in chess terms, in 1996, and\nimmediately became popular. The\nblack knight heads for d4. White\ndoes not succeed in comfortably\nadvancing his pawn from d3, to\ncreate a pawn centre.\n**8.h3**\nAfter 8.Be3 Qd8 9.d4 Nf5 10.Qd2\ng6 11.0-0-0 Bg7, Black can always\nexchange on e3, obtaining the\nadvantage of the two bishops:\n12.Be2 0-0 13.h4 c5! 14.dxc5 Qa5!\n15.h5 Be6 – in the game DzhakaevNavara, Pardubice rapid 2011, Black\nobtained a wonderful attacking\nposition.\n8.Bxh6, although it spoils the black\nstructure, opens lines for Black, and\nhe obtains the advantage after 8...\ngxh6 9.Be2 Rg8 10.Bf3 Bf5.\n**8...Nf5 9.g4 Qe5+!**\nAn important intermediate check,\nfreeing the square d4 for the\nknight.\n**10.Ne4 Nd4**\nBlack has created his piece centre.\nWhite will not manage to drive the\nknight away from the d4-square. He\nalready stands worse.\n**11.f4 Qa5+ 12.Bd2 Qd8 13.Bg2**\n\nT_LdMl.tT_LdMl.t\njJ_.jJjJjJ_.jJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_._._._._._._._.\n._IsNiI_._IsNiI_\n_._I_._I_._I_._I\nIi.b._B_Ii.b._B_\nr._Qk._Rr._Qk._R\n\n31\n\n\n**26.Qb7 Qc5 27.Qb2 Qb6 28.Qc1**\n**g5 29.Rd5 e6 30.hxg5+ hxg5**\n**31.Rd1 Ke7 32.Qc2**\nOn 32.Qc3, there would have\nfollowed 32...Rh8, not allowing\nWhite to bring his queen to the\nh-file, and planning himself to\norganise an attack along this line.\n**32...Rb8 33.Qa4 g4! 34.Qa3 Qc5**\n**35.Qc3 g3 36.Rf1 gxf2+ 37.Rxf2**\n**Rb1+ 38.Bf1 Qe3 39.Qxe3 fxe3**\n**40.Rc2 Nxc4** **0-1**\n\n**10** ******\nArkadij Naiditsch 2716\nChristian Bauer 2638\nFrance tt 2011 (2)\n**1.Nf3 d5 2.c4 d4 3.e3 Nc6 4.exd4**\n**Nxd4 5.Nxd4 Qxd4 6.Nc3**\nWhite is somewhat ahead of his\nopponent in development. It seems\nobvious that the advanced black\nqueen will come under the attack\nof the white forces, losing precious\ntime by having to retreat. But in this\ninstance, Black finds a very concrete\nidea, allowing him to ‘fasten his\nteeth’ onto the d4-square, and create\non this square a powerful piece\ncentre.\n**6...c6 7.d3**\n\nT_L_MlStT_L_MlSt\njJ_.jJjJjJ_.jJjJ\n._J_._._._J_._._\n_._._._._._._._.\n._Id._._._Id._._\n_.nI_._._.nI_._.\nIi._.iIiIi._.iIi\nr.bQkB_Rr.bQkB_R\n\n**7...Nh6!**\n\n\n-----\n\n**13...g6!**\nThe bishop comes to g7,\nstrengthening control over the\nsquare d4.\n**14.Bc3 Bg7 15.0-0?!**\nHe had to try queenside castling,\nwhere his king is on a betterdefended flank. After 15.Qd2\nh5 16.0-0-0 hxg4 17.hxg4 Bxg4\n18.Rxh8+ Bxh8 19.Rh1 Bg7 20.Rh7\nKf8 21.Bf1!, White, with the idea\nof sacrificing the exchange on\ng7, could get reasonable practical\ncompensation for the pawn.\n**15...h5! 16.g5 0-0**\nNow, White’s position is strategically\nlost – Black cannot be prevented\nfrom strengthening his position,\nand attacking White’s weaknesses.\nThanks to the powerful knight\non d4, White cannot develop any\nactivity at all.\n**17.Qd2 Bf5 18.Rae1 Qc7 19.Ng3**\n**Rad8 20.Kh2 h4 21.Ne4 Ne6**\n**22.Kh1** **Rd7** **23.Bxg7** **Kxg7**\n**24.Rd1 Rfd8**\nBlack has developed and brought\nup his reserves. Now the white\npawns begin to fall like ripe\napples.\n**25.Qf2** **Rxd3** **26.Rxd3** **Rxd3**\n**27.Qxh4 Rd4 28.Ng3 Rxf4**\nWhite resigned.\n\n**11** *******\nViswanathan Anand 2781\nGarry Kasparov 2812\nLinares 1999 (10)\n**1.e4 c5 2.Nf3 d6 3.d4 cxd4 4.Nxd4**\n**Nf6 5.Nc3 a6 6.f3 e6 7.Be3 b5**\n**8.g4 h6 9.Qd2 Nbd7 10.0-0-0 Bb7**\n**11.h4 b4 12.Nb1 d5 13.Bh3**\n\n32\n\n\nT_.dMl.tT_.dMl.t\n_L_S_Jj._L_S_Jj.\nJ_._Js.jJ_._Js.j\n_._J_._._._J_._.\n.j.nI_Ii.j.nI_Ii\n_._.bI_B_._.bI_B\nIiIq._._IiIq._._\n_NkR_._R_NkR_._R\n\nIn the battle for the group of\ncentral squares, the black pieces\nare coordinated better. However,\nhis king is unsafe, and opening the\ncentral lines is fraught with risk.\nNow, there is a threat of g4-g5. If\nhe allows this advance, the black\nknight will be forced to retreat to a\nbad position. In addition, a threat to\nsacrifice on e6 will arise, as well as\nthe advance g5-g6. The king cannot\nfind safety on the kingside, so there\nfollowed\n**13...g5!!**\nBlack sacrifices a pawn, but slows up\nthe white attack for several moves.\n**14.hxg5 hxg5 15.exd5**\nNow, the black knight gets an\nexcellent square. It was worth\nconsidering the counter-sacrifice\n15.e5!? Nxe5 16.Bxg5 Be7 17.Rde1\nNfd7 18.Bxe7 Qxe7 19.g5 0-0-0,\nwith a roughly balanced struggle.\n**15...Nxd5 16.Bxg5 Qb6 17.Bg2**\n**Rxh1 18.Bxh1**\nWhite cannot penetrate along the\nh-file with his rook: 18.Rxh1 Bg7\n19.Ne2 (19.Nb3 comes under attack\nafter 19...a5, followed by ...a5-a4.\nAnother possible development\nof the black attack is as follows:\n19.Rd1 Rc8 20.Bh6 Be5 21.Bf1 Qc7\n22.Qf2 Qd8!!. The queen heads to\n\n\n-----\n\nf6, after which White has problems\ndefending his minor pieces, for\nexample 23.f4 Qf6 24.Bg5 Qg6!!\n(24...Bxf4+ 25.Bxf4 Qxf4+ 26.Qxf4\nNxf4 leads to an equal endgame,\nbut that is a small profit from such\na position) 25.Bd3 Qg7 26.Bf1 Nc5!\n27.Bg2 b3! 28.Nxb3 Nxb3+ 29.axb3\nBxb2+ 30.Kd2 Bd4, with a decisive\nattack) 19...Rc8 20.Rh7 Be5 21.f4\nNe3 22.fxe5 Rxc2+ 23.Qxc2 Nxc2\n24.Rh8+ Nf8 25.Bxb7 Qxb7 26.Bh6\nQc6 27.Kd2 Na1!, and Black wins.\n**18...Rc8 19.Re1!**\nWhite tries to implement his own\nplay, at the same time defending\nagainst ...Nd5-c3, and ...Bf8-g7.\n\n._T_Ml._._T_Ml._\n_L_S_J_._L_S_J_.\nJd._J_._Jd._J_._\n_._S_.b._._S_.b.\n.j.n._I_.j.n._I_\n_._._I_._._._I_.\nIiIq._._IiIq._._\n_Nk.r._B_Nk.r._B\n**19...Qa5!!**\nBlack regroups and finds a new\nobject of attack, when White was\nready for an attack on the d4-knight:\n19...Bg7 20.Nf5 Be5 simply turns\nout to be bad, because of 21.f4.\nNor does Black achieve anything\nafter 19...Rc4 20.Nf5 – the rook does\nnothing on c4.\n**20.f4**\nMoving the pawn from under attack,\ninviting the opening of further\nlines, is even more dangerous: after\n20.a3, both 20...Qb6, and 20...Nc5\nare promising.\n**20...Qxa2 21.f5 Nc5!**\n\n\nBlack also has the advantage after\n21...e5, keeping the approaches to his\nking closed. However, with 22.Qh2\nQc4 23.Nf3, White retains counterthreats.\n**22.fxe6**\n\n**Quiet moves / prophylaxis in the**\n**middle of an attack**\n\n._T_Ml._._T_Ml._\n_L_._J_._L_._J_.\nJ_._I_._J_._I_._\n_.sS_.b._.sS_.b.\n.j.n._I_.j.n._I_\n_._._._._._._._.\nDiIq._._DiIq._._\n_Nk.r._B_Nk.r._B\n\n\n**22...Bg7!**\nCalculating all the variations is\nimpossible, so this decision to\ncomplete the mobilisation of all\nthe pieces, at the cost of the king’s\npawn cover, was taken largely\nintuitively.\n**23.exf7+ Kxf7 24.Bxd5+?**\nOut of the ocean of possibilities,\nit is practically impossible over\nthe board to find the narrow path\nthat leads to a draw: 24.Qf2+! Kg8\n25.Qf5 Qc4 (25...Bxd4 26.Qg6+\nBg7 27.Re8+ Rxe8 28.Qxe8+ Kh7\n29.Qh5+ is also a draw) 26.Bxd5+!\nQxd5 27.Re7!! – in all variations,\nWhite saves himself, thanks to the\nthreat of perpetual check.\n**24...Qxd5 25.Re7+ Kg8 26.Rxg7+**\n**Kxg7 27.Nc3!**\nThe best practical chance.\n**27...bxc3 28.Nf5+ Kf7 29.Qxd5+**\n**Bxd5** **30.Nd6+** **Kg6** **31.Nxc8**\n**Kxg5**\n\n33\n\n\n-----\n\nand Black realised his extra piece,\nalthough not without further adven­\ntures.\n\n**12** *******\nVladimir Kramnik 2800\nMagnus Carlsen 2826\nMoscow 2011 (3)\nWe will now look at one of the most\nacclaimed games of 2011, between\nthe leader of Russian chess, Vladimir\nKramnik, and the world rating\nnumber one of the time, Magnus\nCarlsen. Chess has many exceptions\nto the rules! It would perhaps be\nmore accurate to say that there are\nmany factors which influence the\nassessment of a position, as this\ngame shows.\n**1.c4 e5 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 h6**\nBlack neglects the received wisdom\nabout tempi right from the start.\nCarlsen seeks to avoid established\ntheory.\n**4.Nc3 Bb4 5.e4 Nc6 6.Nge2**\n\nT_LdM_.tT_LdM_.t\njJjJ_Jj.jJjJ_Jj.\n._S_.s.j._S_.s.j\n_._.j._._._.j._.\n.lI_I_._.lI_I_._\n_.n._.i._.n._.i.\nIi.iNiBiIi.iNiBi\nr.bQk._Rr.bQk._R\n\n**6...Bc5!**\nAnd this is a ‘real’ tempo loss.\nBlack reacts to the fact that White\nis threatening d2-d4, which would\ngive him control of the centre.\nWhite would have control over both\nd4 and d5, and his e4-pawn would\nbe securely defended.\n\n34\n\n\n**7.d3 d6 8.h3 Nh7!?**\nAgain moving a piece twice in the\nopening! But in this case, Black\nintends to keep the position closed.\nIn closed positions, a loss of tempi\nin the opening is not of such great\nsignificance. In addition, Black has\nthe idea of putting a knight on d4.\n**9.a3 a6 10.0-0 Ng5 11.Kh2 Ne6**\n**12.f4 Bd7 13.b4 Ba7 14.Nd5**\nWhite is attacking on all fronts,\nseizing space on a board full of\npieces. Black has only one trump –\nhis control of d4.\n**14...Ned4**\n\n**The ‘superfluous’ piece**\n\nT_.dM_.tT_.dM_.t\nlJjL_Jj.lJjL_Jj.\nJ_Sj._.jJ_Sj._.j\n_._Nj._._._Nj._.\n.iIsIi._.iIsIi._\ni._I_.iIi._I_.iI\n._._N_Bk._._N_Bk\nr.bQ_R_.r.bQ_R_.\n\n**15.Nec3!**\nAn important moment – White does\nnot allow Black to exchange a pair of\nknights. After the exchange, Black’s\nother knight would occupy d4 and\nthen the move ...c7-c6 would kick\nthe white knight from d5.\n**15...Be6 16.f5 Bd7 17.Rb1 Nb8**\nThe knight makes way for the pawn.\n**18.c5**\nStarting the storm! It turns out that\nthe knight on d4 suffices for Black to\nresist White’s pressure.\nA cunning and strong continuation\nwas 18.Qg4 Kf8 19.Qd1!, inviting\nBlack to commit himself. After\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Linares 1999\"]\n[Site \"Linares\"]\n[Date \"1999.??.??\"]\n[Round \"10\"]\n[White \"Anand, Viswanathan\"]\n[Black \"Kasparov, Garry\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n\n1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 d6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 Nf6 5. Nc3 a6 6. f3 e6 7. Be3 b5 8. g4 h6 9. Qd2 Nbd7 10. O-O-O Bb7 11. h4 b4 12. Nb1 d5 13. Bh3 {In the battle for the group of central squares, the black pieces are coordinated better. However, his king is unsafe, and opening the central lines is fraught with risk. Now, there is a threat of g4-g5. If he allows this advance, the black knight will be forced to retreat to a bad position. In addition, a threat to sacrifice on e6 will arise, as well as the advance g5-g6. The king cannot find safety on the kingside, so there followed} 13... g5!! {Black sacrifices a pawn, but slows up the white attack for several moves.} 14. hxg5 hxg5 15. exd5 {Now, the black knight gets an excellent square. It was worth considering the counter-sacrifice 15.e5!? Nxe5 16.Bxg5 Be7 17.Rde1 Nfd7 18.Bxe7 Qxe7 19.g5 0-0-0, with a roughly balanced struggle.} 15... Nxd5 16. Bxg5 Qb6 17. Bg2 Rxh1 18. Bxh1 {White cannot penetrate along the h-file with his rook: 18.Rxh1 Bg7 19.Ne2 (19.Nb3 comes under attack after 19...a5, followed by ...a5-a4. Another possible development of the black attack is as follows: 19.Rd1 Rc8 20.Bh6 Be5 21.Bf1 Qc7 22.Qf2 Qd8!!. The queen heads to f6, after which White has problems defending his minor pieces, for example 23.f4 Qf6 24.Bg5 Qg6!! (24...Bxf4+ 25.Bxf4 Qxf4+ 26.Qxf4 Nxf4 leads to an equal endgame, but that is a small profit from such a position) 25.Bd3 Qg7 26.Bf1 Nc5! 27.Bg2 b3! 28.Nxb3 Nxb3+ 29.axb3 Bxb2+ 30.Kd2 Bd4, with a decisive attack) 19...Rc8 20.Rh7 Be5 21.f4 Ne3 22.fxe5 Rxc2+ 23.Qxc2 Nxc2 24.Rh8+ Nf8 25.Bxb7 Qxb7 26.Bh6 Qc6 27.Kd2 Na1!, and Black wins.} 18... Rc8 19. Re1! {White tries to implement his own play, at the same time defending against ...Nd5-c3, and ...Bf8-g7.} 19... Qa5!! {Black regroups and finds a new object of attack, when White was ready for an attack on the d4-knight: 19...Bg7 20.Nf5 Be5 simply turns out to be bad, because of 21.f4. Nor does Black achieve anything after 19...Rc4 20.Nf5 - the rook does nothing on c4.} 20. f4 {Moving the pawn from under attack, inviting the opening of further lines, is even more dangerous: after 20.a3, both 20...Qb6, and 20...Nc5 are promising.} 20... Qxa2 21. f5 Nc5! {Black also has the advantage after 21...e5, keeping the approaches to his king closed. However, with 22.Qh2 Qc4 23.Nf3, White retains counter-threats.} 22. fxe6 22... Bg7! {Calculating all the variations is impossible, so this decision to complete the mobilisation of all the pieces, at the cost of the king’s pawn cover, was taken largely intuitively.} 23. exf7+ Kxf7 24. Bxd5+? {Out of the ocean of possibilities, it is practically impossible over the board to find the narrow path that leads to a draw: 24.Qf2+! Kg8 25.Qf5 Qc4 (25...Bxd4 26.Qg6+ Bg7 27.Re8+ Rxe8 28.Qxe8+ Kh7 29.Qh5+ is also a draw) 26.Bxd5+! Qxd5 27.Re7!! - in all variations, White saves himself, thanks to the threat of perpetual check.} 24... Qxd5 25. Re7+ Kg8 26. Rxg7+ Kxg7 27. Nc3! {The best practical chance.} 27... bxc3 28. Nf5+ Kf7 29. Qxd5+ Bxd5 30. Nd6+ Kg6 31. Nxc8 Kxg5 0-1 {and Black realised his extra piece, although not without further adventures.}",
    "input: and Black realised his extra piece,\nalthough not without further adven­\ntures.\n\n**12** *******\nVladimir Kramnik 2800\nMagnus Carlsen 2826\nMoscow 2011 (3)\nWe will now look at one of the most\nacclaimed games of 2011, between\nthe leader of Russian chess, Vladimir\nKramnik, and the world rating\nnumber one of the time, Magnus\nCarlsen. Chess has many exceptions\nto the rules! It would perhaps be\nmore accurate to say that there are\nmany factors which influence the\nassessment of a position, as this\ngame shows.\n**1.c4 e5 2.g3 Nf6 3.Bg2 h6**\nBlack neglects the received wisdom\nabout tempi right from the start.\nCarlsen seeks to avoid established\ntheory.\n**4.Nc3 Bb4 5.e4 Nc6 6.Nge2**\n\nT_LdM_.tT_LdM_.t\njJjJ_Jj.jJjJ_Jj.\n._S_.s.j._S_.s.j\n_._.j._._._.j._.\n.lI_I_._.lI_I_._\n_.n._.i._.n._.i.\nIi.iNiBiIi.iNiBi\nr.bQk._Rr.bQk._R\n\n**6...Bc5!**\nAnd this is a ‘real’ tempo loss.\nBlack reacts to the fact that White\nis threatening d2-d4, which would\ngive him control of the centre.\nWhite would have control over both\nd4 and d5, and his e4-pawn would\nbe securely defended.\n\n34\n\n\n**7.d3 d6 8.h3 Nh7!?**\nAgain moving a piece twice in the\nopening! But in this case, Black\nintends to keep the position closed.\nIn closed positions, a loss of tempi\nin the opening is not of such great\nsignificance. In addition, Black has\nthe idea of putting a knight on d4.\n**9.a3 a6 10.0-0 Ng5 11.Kh2 Ne6**\n**12.f4 Bd7 13.b4 Ba7 14.Nd5**\nWhite is attacking on all fronts,\nseizing space on a board full of\npieces. Black has only one trump –\nhis control of d4.\n**14...Ned4**\n\n**The ‘superfluous’ piece**\n\nT_.dM_.tT_.dM_.t\nlJjL_Jj.lJjL_Jj.\nJ_Sj._.jJ_Sj._.j\n_._Nj._._._Nj._.\n.iIsIi._.iIsIi._\ni._I_.iIi._I_.iI\n._._N_Bk._._N_Bk\nr.bQ_R_.r.bQ_R_.\n\n**15.Nec3!**\nAn important moment – White does\nnot allow Black to exchange a pair of\nknights. After the exchange, Black’s\nother knight would occupy d4 and\nthen the move ...c7-c6 would kick\nthe white knight from d5.\n**15...Be6 16.f5 Bd7 17.Rb1 Nb8**\nThe knight makes way for the pawn.\n**18.c5**\nStarting the storm! It turns out that\nthe knight on d4 suffices for Black to\nresist White’s pressure.\nA cunning and strong continuation\nwas 18.Qg4 Kf8 19.Qd1!, inviting\nBlack to commit himself. After\n\n\n-----\n\n19...c6 20.Ne3, on his next move,\nWhite will exchange off the knight\non d4, and then we see the great\ndifference – the other black knight\nis stuck on b8 and can only dream of\ngetting to the coveted d4-square. In\nthis variation, White would retain a\nconsiderable advantage.\n**18...dxc5 19.bxc5 Bc8**\nAnother piece retreats to its\nstarting position. It was also worth\nconsidering 19...Bxc5 20.Rxb7 Bd6,\ngradually developing his pieces.\n**20.Qh5**\nHere too, White should consider the\nmove 20.Qg4!, drawing the king to\na bad square. After 20...Kf8 21.Qh5,\nthe subsequent variations could be\nsomething like the following:\nA) 21...f6 22.Nxf6 gxf6 (22...Qxf6\n23.Nd5 Qf7 24.Qxf7+ Kxf7 25.Nxc7\nBxc5 26.Nxa8 b5 27.Bb2 Nbc6\n28.Rfc1 Bd6 29.Nb6) 23.Bxh6+\nKe7 24.Nd5+;\nB) 21...c6 22.f6 cxd5 23.fxg7+;\nC) 21...Bxc5 22.f6 g6 23.Qxe5 Nbc6\n24.Qxc7;\nD) 21...Nbc6 (seemingly Black’s\nbest reply) 22.f6 g6 23.Bxh6+ Ke8\n24.Qxg6 fxg6 25.f7+ Kd7 26.f8Q\nRxf8 27.Rxf8 Qxf8 (27...Bxc5\n28.Nf6+ Ke6 29.Rxd8 Nxd8 30.Ncd5\nRb8 31.Ne8 Kf7 32.Nexc7) 28.Bxf8\nNe6 29.Rf1;\nE) 21...Nd7 22.f6 g5 (22...g6\n23.Bxh6+ (check! This is the point\nof the move 20.Qg4) 23...Kg8\n24.Ne7+) 23.Bxg5. Unfortunately,\nVladimir Kramnik decided that,\non the contrary, f8 would be a good\nsquare for the black king, not seeing\nthe concrete tactical motifs after the\nmove 20.Qg4!.\n\n\n**20...Nd7 21.Na4**\nAfter 21.f6 g6, White cannot take the\nh6-pawn with check.\n**21...c6 22.Ndb6**\n\nT_LdM_.tT_LdM_.t\nlJ_S_Jj.lJ_S_Jj.\nJnJ_._.jJnJ_._.j\n_.i.jI_Q_.i.jI_Q\nN_.sI_._N_.sI_._\ni._I_.iIi._I_.iI\n._._._Bk._._._Bk\n_Rb._R_._Rb._R_.\n\n\n**22...Nxc5!**\nBlack’s pieces, passively placed on the\nback rank, start to develop activity.\n**23.f6 g5 24.Bxg5**\nIt was worth considering 24.Nxc8\nQxc8 25.Nxc5 Bxc5 26.h4,\nactivating the bishop on g2.\n**24...Nxa4 25.Nxa8 b5 26.Be3 Bb8**\n\nNlLdM_.tNlLdM_.t\n_._._J_._._._J_.\nJ_J_.i.jJ_J_.i.j\n_J_.j._Q_J_.j._Q\nS_.sI_._S_.sI_._\ni._Ib.iIi._Ib.iI\n._._._Bk._._._Bk\n_R_._R_._R_._R_.\n\nAs a result of the operation just\ncarried out, White has won the\nexchange, but the black pieces can\nlook forward to the future with\nconfidence, and the knight on d4\nhas retained its position.\n**27.g4 Rg8**\nThe position remains unbalanced,\nas proved by the variation 27...Be6\n\n35\n\n\n-----\n\n28.g5 c5 29.Bxd4! Qxd4 (29...cxd4\n30.Bf3!) 30.gxh6 Kd7 31.Qg5, with\nunclear consequences.\n**28.Qxh6**\n28.Rbc1! was significantly stronger,\nnot allowing 28...Be6 29.Bxd4 exd4+\n(29...Qxd4 30.Rxc6) 30.e5.\n**28...Be6 29.Rbc1 Kd7!**\nBlack has managed to regroup his\npieces successfully.\n**30.Bxd4** **exd4+** **31.e5** **Nc3**\n**32.Rxc3! Bxe5+ 33.Kh1 dxc3**\n**34.Qe3 Qb8 35.Qc5?!**\nWhite should have played 35.d4!\nBd6 36.d5 cxd5 37.Nb6+ Kd8\n38.Nxd5 Bxd5 39.Bxd5 Qc7 40.Rc1\n\n\nBf4 41.Qe7+ Qxe7 42.fxe7+ Kxe7\n43.Rxc3.\n**35...Qd6 36.Qa7+ Kd8 37.Qxa6**\n**Bd4 38.Qa5+ Kc8 39.Qa6+ Kd8**\nBoth players were tired after such\nan extremely complicated game and\nBlack preferred to repeat moves.\nHowever, after 39...Kb8 40.Nb6 Bc8!\n41.Nxc8 Rxc8 42.a4 b4, he would have\nobtained excellent winning chances.\n**40.Qa5+ Kc8 41.Qa6+**\nDraw. A game where Black only\nmanaged to hold because of the\npowerful knight on d4, and White’s\npowerful attacking potential did not\nsuffice for victory.\n\n\n**Additional material**\nAlekhine-Rubinstein, Carlsbad 1923\nBotvinnik-Tal, Moscow Wch (match/7) 1961\nSmyslov-Euwe, The Hague/Moscow Wch (match-tournament) 1948\nLputian-Malaniuk, Sverdlovsk 1987\n\n36\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Moscow 2011\"]\n[Site \"Moscow\"]\n[Date \"2011.??.??\"]\n[Round \"3\"]\n[White \"Kramnik, Vladimir\"]\n[Black \"Carlsen, Magnus\"]\n[Result \"1/2-1/2\"]\n\n1. c4 e5 2. g3 Nf6 3. Bg2 h6 {Black neglects the received wisdom about tempi right from the start. Carlsen seeks to avoid established theory.} 4. Nc3 Bb4 5. e4 Nc6 6. Nge2 {And this is a ‘real’ tempo loss. Black reacts to the fact that White is threatening d2-d4, which would give him control of the centre. White would have control over both d4 and d5, and his e4-pawn would be securely defended.} 6... Bc5! 7. d3 d6 8. h3 Nh7!? {Again moving a piece twice in the opening! But in this case, Black intends to keep the position closed. In closed positions, a loss of tempi in the opening is not of such great significance. In addition, Black has the idea of putting a knight on d4.} 9. a3 a6 10. O-O Ng5 11. Kh2 Ne6 12. f4 Bd7 13. b4 Ba7 14. Nd5 {White is attacking on all fronts, seizing space on a board full of pieces. Black has only one trump – his control of d4.} 14... Ned4 {The ‘superfluous’ piece}15. Nec3! {An important moment – White does not allow Black to exchange a pair of knights. After the exchange, Black’s other knight would occupy d4 and then the move ...c7-c6 would kick the white knight from d5.} 15... Be6 16. f5 Bd7 17. Rb1 Nb8 {The knight makes way for the pawn.} 18. c5 {Starting the storm! It turns out that the knight on d4 suffices for Black to resist White’s pressure. A cunning and strong continuation was 18.Qg4 Kf8 19.Qd1!, inviting Black to commit himself. After 19...c6 20.Ne3, on his next move, White will exchange off the knight on d4, and then we see the great difference – the other black knight is stuck on b8 and can only dream of getting to the coveted d4-square. In this variation, White would retain a considerable advantage.} 18... dxc5 19. bxc5 Bc8 {Another piece retreats to its starting position. It was also worth considering 19...Bxc5 20.Rxb7 Bd6, gradually developing his pieces.} 20. Qh5 {Here too, White should consider the move 20.Qg4!, drawing the king to a bad square. After 20...Kf8 21.Qh5, the subsequent variations could be something like the following: \nA) 21...f6 22.Nxf6 gxf6 (22...Qxf6 23.Nd5 Qf7 24.Qxf7+ Kxf7 25.Nxc7 Bxc5 26.Nxa8 b5 27.Bb2 Nbc6 28.Rfc1 Bd6 29.Nb6) 23.Bxh6+ Ke7 24.Nd5+;\nB) 21...c6 22.f6 cxd5 23.fxg7+;\nC) 21...Bxc5 22.f6 g6 23.Qxe5 Nbc6 24.Qxc7;\nD) 21...Nbc6 (seemingly Black’s best reply) 22.f6 g6 23.Bxh6+ Ke8 24.Qxg6 fxg6 25.f7+ Kd7 26.f8Q Rxf8 27.Rxf8 Qxf8 (27...Bxc5 28.Nf6+ Ke6 29.Rxd8 Nxd8 30.Ncd5 Rb8 31.Ne8 Kf7 32.Nexc7) 28.Bxf8 Ne6 29.Rf1;\nE) 21...Nd7 22.f6 g5 (22...g6 23.Bxh6+ (check! This is the point of the move 20.Qg4) 23...Kg8 24.Ne7+) 23.Bxg5. Unfortunately, Vladimir Kramnik decided that, on the contrary, f8 would be a good square for the black king, not seeing the concrete tactical motifs after the move 20.Qg4!.} 20... Nd7 21. Na4 {After 21.f6 g6, White cannot take the h6-pawn with check.} 21... c6 22. Ndb6 22... Nxc5! {Black’s pieces, passively placed on the back rank, start to develop activity.} 23. f6 g5 24. Bxg5 {It was worth considering 24.Nxc8 Qxc8 25.Nxc5 Bxc5 26.h4, activating the bishop on g2.} 24... Nxa4 25. Nxa8 b5 26. Be3 Bb8 27. g4 Rg8 {The position remains unbalanced, as proved by the variation 27...Be6 28.g5 c5 29.Bxd4! Qxd4 (29...cxd4 30.Bf3!) 30.gxh6 Kd7 31.Qg5, with unclear consequences.} 28. Qxh6 {28.Rbc1! was significantly stronger, not allowing 28...Be6 29.Bxd4 exd4+ (29...Qxd4 30.Rxc6) 30.e5.} 28... Be6 29. Rbc1 Kd7! {Black has managed to regroup his pieces successfully.} 30. Bxd4 exd4+ 31. e5 Nc3 32. Rxc3! Bxe5+ 33. Kh1 dxc3 34. Qe3 Qb8 35. Qc5?! {White should have played 35.d4! Bd6 36.d5 cxd5 37.Nb6+ Kd8 38.Nxd5 Bxd5 39.Bxd5 Qc7 40.Rc1 Bf4 41.Qe7+ Qxe7 42.fxe7+ Kxe7 43.Rxc3.} 35... Qd6 36. Qa7+ Kd8 37. Qxa6 Bd4 38. Qa5+ Kc8 39. Qa6+ Kd8 {Both players were tired after such an extremely complicated game and Black preferred to repeat moves. However, after 39...Kb8 40.Nb6 Bc8! 41.Nxc8 Rxc8 42.a4 b4, he would have obtained excellent winning chances.} 40. Qa5+ Kc8 41. Qa6+ 1/2-1/2 {Draw. A game where Black only managed to hold because of the powerful knight on d4, and White’s powerful attacking potential did not suffice for victory.}",
    "input: On 19...Rc8, there is the ingenious\ndefence 20.a4!, freeing the square a3\nfor the bishop.\n**20.Qc2 Qd5 21.e4**\nAlso possible is 21.Nf5!?, with the\nidea of advancing the pawn to c6,\nwhen the knight comes to d4.\n**21...Qb3 22.Qe2 Qb5 23.Qf3?**\nHe should not give up the pawn so\nreadily. Better was 23.Qc2, with the\nidea of Bc1-e3.\n**23...Qxc5 24.Nf5**\nMore tenacious is 24.Bf4, but after\n24...Rb5! 25.Nf5 Nxe4 26.Nxg7 Qd5\n27.Nh5 Qxh5 28.Qxe4 Qf5, Black\nshould gradually realise his extra\nexchange.\n\n.t._.tM_.t._.tM_\nj._._JjJj._._JjJ\nJ_._.s._J_._.s._\n_.d._N_._.d._N_.\n._._I_._._._I_._\ni._._Q_.i._._Q_.\n._._.iIi._._.iIi\n_.b._Rk._.b._Rk.\n\nWhite cannot get at the square g7,\nas Black’s counterattack arrives\nfirst:\n**24...Rb1! 25.Qf4**\nOn 25.Qg3, the cold-blooded 25...g6\nwins.\n**25...Nxe4 26.h4 Re8 27.Re1 Qc3**\n**28.Rd1** **Nd2** **29.Rxd2** **Rxc1+**\n**30.Kh2 Qc7 31.Rd6 Rc5 32.g3 Rf8**\n**33.g4 f6 34.Kh3 h5 35.Qd2 hxg4+**\n**36.Kxg4 Qf7 37.h5 Rxf5 38.Kxf5**\n**Qxh5+** **39.Kf4** **Qh4+** **40.Kf3**\n**Qh3+ 41.Ke4 Re8+ 42.Kd5 Qb3+**\n**43.Kd4 Qxa3**\nWhite resigned.\n\n\n**16** ******\nAndor Lilienthal\nJosé Raul Capablanca\nHastings 1934 (5)\n**1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.a3**\n**Bxc3+ 5.bxc3 b6 6.f3 d5**\nIn our day, going after the pawn on\nc4 is considering a more promising\nplan: 6...Ba6 7.e4 Nc6, followed by\n...Nc6-a5.\n**7.Bg5**\nModern theory also condemns this\nbishop move. Stronger is 7.cxd5 exd5\n8.e3, followed by Bf1-d3, Ng1-e2\nand 0-0. Later, without fearing the\npossible bishop exchange on a6,\nWhite prepares e3-e4.\n**7...h6 8.Bh4 Ba6 9.e4 Bxc4**\nBlack does not win material,\nwhilst the white centre remains\nintact. He should have decided on\n9...dxe4! 10.fxe4 g5! 11.Bg3 Nxe4,\nand after Lilienthal’s 12.Be5 f6!\n13.Qh5+ Kd7 14.Bd3 Bb7 15.Bg3\nNxg3 16.hxg3 Nc6, we have a\ndoubled-edged struggle. In time,\nBlack will castle by hand on the\nqueenside.\n**10.Bxc4** **dxc4** **11.Qa4+** **Qd7**\n**12.Qxc4** **Qc6** **13.Qd3** **Nbd7**\n**14.Ne2**\nThanks to his firm centre, White\nhas a clear advantage.\n**14...Rd8**\nBy setting up an x-ray attack along\nthe d-file, Black stops e4-e5, thereby\nmeeting the threat to set up a bind\non his position. However, the\nproblem soon returns and it will be\nmore difficult to solve, because now\nthe Nf6 is pinned, whilst Black has\nalso deprived himself of the chance\nto castle queenside.\n\n41\n\n\n-----\n\nOne of the possible ideas in the\nposition is 14...b5, fixing the\nc4-square. It would not be favourable\nthen for White to play 15.e5, because\nafter 15...Nd5, the advance c3-c4 is\nimpossible.\nAnother, radically different idea\nis 14...g5!?, followed by queenside\ncastling. Then Black can consider\n...g5-g4, trying to weaken the light\nsquares in the enemy camp.\n**15.0-0**\n\n._.tM_.t._.tM_.t\nj.jS_Jj.j.jS_Jj.\n.jD_Js.j.jD_Js.j\n_._._._._._._._.\n._.iI_.b._.iI_.b\ni.iQ_I_.i.iQ_I_.\n._._N_Ii._._N_Ii\nr._._Rk.r._._Rk.\n\n**15...a5?**\nBlack did not like the look of\ncastling, but his king is even more\nvulnerable in the centre. He should\nhave settled for 15...0-0! 16.Qc2\nQc4! (he also has an inferior,\nbut defensible position after 16...\ne5) 17.e5 g5 18.Bxg5 hxg5 19.exf6\nNxf6 20.Qd2 Rd5! 21.f4 c5!. The\nblack king is not terribly safe, but\nhe has managed to exchange a\ncouple of pieces and establish some\npressure in the centre. White has\nthe initiative, but there is nothing\ndecisive, and Black’s possibilities\nof counterplay are excellently\nillustrated in the variation 22.fxg5\n\n42\n\n\nNe4 23.Qe3 Nxc3! 24.Qxc3 Qxe2,\nmaintaining the balance.\n**16.Qc2**\nWhite intends to play for an attack,\nbut he could also strengthen his\ncentral position with 16.c4, since\nthen it is bad to reply 16...Ne5?\n17.Qc3 Nxc4 18.Rfc1 b5 19.a4.\n**16...Qc4** **17.f4** **Rc8** **18.f5** **e5**\n**19.dxe5 Qxe4?**\nThis runs into a beautiful refutation.\nThe defensive resources in chess\nare extremely great! Despite the\nmistakes he has already made, it\nwas still possible for Black to defend\nwith 19...Nxe5! 20.Nf4 (there is also\nnothing decisive after 20.Bxf6 gxf6\n21.Nf4 Qc5+ (on 21...c6, there is the\nunpleasant queen transfer 22.Qf2)\n22.Kh1 Rd8 – Black wants to put\nhis pawn on c6 and his king on e7)\n20...Nfg4 21.Qd2 Qc5+ 22.Qd4 Ne3\n23.Qxc5 bxc5 24.Rfb1 Kd7 25.a4.\nWhite retains the advantage, but the\nwin remains a long way away.\n\n._T_M_.t._T_M_.t\n_.jS_Jj._.jS_Jj.\n.j._.s.j.j._.s.j\nj._.iI_.j._.iI_.\n._._D_.b._._D_.b\ni.i._._.i.i._._.\n._Q_N_Ii._Q_N_Ii\nr._._Rk.r._._Rk.\n\n**20.exf6!! Qxc2 21.fxg7 Rg8 22.Nd4**\n**Qe4 23.Rae1 Nc5 24.Rxe4+ Nxe4**\n**25.Re1 Rxg7 26.Rxe4+ Kd7**\nWithout waiting to lose the f7-pawn\nas well, Black resigned.\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Hastings\"]\n[Site \"Hastings\"]\n[Date \"1934.??.??\"]\n[Round \"5\"]\n[White \"Lilienthal, Andor\"]\n[Black \"Capablanca, Jose Raul\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n[ECO \"E91\"]\n\n1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. a3 Bxc3+ 5. bxc3 b6 6. f3 d5 {In our day, going after the pawn on c4 is considering a more promising plan: 6...Ba6 7.e4 Nc6, followed by ...Nc6-a5.} 7. Bg5 {Modern theory also condemns this bishop move. Stronger is 7.cxd5 exd5 8.e3, followed by Bf1-d3, Ng1-e2 and 0-0. Later, without fearing the possible bishop exchange on a6, White prepares e3-e4.} 7... h6 8. Bh4 Ba6 9. e4 Bxc4 {Black does not win material, whilst the white centre remains intact. He should have decided on 9...dxe4! 10.fxe4 g5! 11.Bg3 Nxe4, and after Lilienthal’s 12.Be5 f6! 13.Qh5+ Kd7 14.Bd3 Bb7 15.Bg3 Nxg3 16.hxg3 Nc6, we have a doubled-edged struggle. In time, Black will castle by hand on the queenside.} 10. Bxc4 dxc4 11. Qa4+ Qd7 12. Qxc4 Qc6 13. Qd3 Nbd7 14. Ne2 {Thanks to his firm centre, White has a clear advantage.} 14... Rd8 {By setting up an x-ray attack along the d-file, Black stops e4-e5, thereby meeting the threat to set up a bind on his position. However, the problem soon returns and it will be more difficult to solve, because now the Nf6 is pinned, whilst Black has also deprived himself of the chance to castle queenside.} 15. 0-0 {One of the possible ideas in the position is 14...b5, fixing the c4-square. It would not be favourable then for White to play 15.e5, because after 15...Nd5, the advance c3-c4 is impossible.\nAnother, radically different idea is 14...g5!?, followed by queenside castling. Then Black can consider ...g5-g4, trying to weaken the light squares in the enemy camp.} 15... a5 {Black did not like the look of castling, but his king is even more vulnerable in the centre. He should have settled for 15...0-0! 16.Qc2 Qc4! (he also has an inferior, but defensible position after 16... e5) 17.e5 g5 18.Bxg5 hxg5 19.exf6 Nxf6 20.Qd2 Rd5! 21.f4 c5!. The black king is not terribly safe, but he has managed to exchange a couple of pieces and establish some pressure in the centre. White has the initiative, but there is nothing decisive, and Black’s possibilities of counterplay are excellently illustrated in the variation 22.fxg5 Ne4 23.Qe3 Nxc3! 24.Qxc3 Qxe2, maintaining the balance.} 16. Qc2 {White intends to play for an attack, but he could also strengthen his central position with 16.c4, since then it is bad to reply 16...Ne5? 17.Qc3 Nxc4 18.Rfc1 b5 19.a4.} 16... Qc4 17. f4 Rc8 18. f5 e5 19. dxe5 Qxe4? {This runs into a beautiful refutation. The defensive resources in chess are extremely great! Despite the mistakes he has already made, it was still possible for Black to defend with 19...Nxe5! 20.Nf4 (there is also nothing decisive after 20.Bxf6 gxf6 21.Nf4 Qc5+ (on 21...c6, there is the unpleasant queen transfer 22.Qf2) 22.Kh1 Rd8 – Black wants to put his pawn on c6 and his king on e7) 20...Nfg4 21.Qd2 Qc5+ 22.Qd4 Ne3 23.Qxc5 bxc5 24.Rfb1 Kd7 25.a4. White retains the advantage, but the win remains a long way away.} 20. exf6!! Qxc2 21. fxg7 Rg8 22. Nd4 Qe4 23. Rae1 Nc5 24. Rxe4+ Nxe4 25. Re1 Rxg7 26. Rxe4+ Kd7 1-0",
    f"input: {input_game_md}",
    "output: ",
    ]
    return main_game_prompt

def create_variation_prompt(input_game_md):
    variation_prompt = [
    "I am creating a software that converts games from a PDF chess book to PGN file format. I have got the following output for a game in markdown format, which includes the main line moves, the variations at multiple points of the game, and commentary throughout the game. Convert this text into PGN format, including the main line, variations, and commentary formatted appropriate to the PGN format. In your PGN output, include all variations within round brackets, and all commentary within curly brackets. The bolded moves enclosed within ** ** in the following text are the main line moves of the game.\n\nThe page this has been copied from is split into two columns. The text extraction might have swapped the order of the left and right columns. Use the move numbers given to understand which moves come first.\n\nIn your PGN output, there could be nested statements. For instance, a commentary in {} could be within a variation in (): that's fine. Please account for all nestings accurately. There can also be sub-variations in the game, and those should be captured by using () in a variation that's already enclosed in (). Make sure to accurately represent all variations.  \n\nA variation enclosed within () should always be included in the pgn after the main game's moves of the same number. \nWrong: 23. Nf6 (23... Re8)  23... Re7 \nCorrect: 23. Nf6 Re7 (23... Re8) is correct. \nFollow this rule strictly.\n\nIgnore \"Position after..\" statements. Don't include them in your PGN output. Don't include any other symbols not supported by pgn to the output. Also, do not use [] for anything other than Game information written at top like the examples.\n\nHere are some examples of what should be output given an input:",
    "input: 10 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nI really hope you will perfectly understand the concept of centralisation and manage to implement it successfully into your games. “If the opponent neglects centralisation, just improve yours!”\n\n\n**10... Bxd2+**\n\n10... Nc6? is a mistake. After 11. Rxb4!\nNxb4 12. Qb3 White is winning. The\nfollowing line is very pretty: 12... Qxa2\n13. Bb5+ Bd7 14. Bxd7+ Kxd7 15.\nNe5+ Ke8 16. Qxb4 Qa1+ 17. Ke2\nQxh1 18. Qb5+ with mate.\n\n**11. Qxd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2**\n\nPosition after: 12. Kxd2\n\nWhite is slightly better due to his space\nadvantage and better development.\nBlack should follow the idea ...Ke7,\n...Rd8, ...b6, ...Ba6 with centralisation\nand patient improving. But, instead...\n\n**12... 0-0?**\n\nA very bad move, neglecting centralisation principles. How should White continue? Black’s king is now far from the\ncentre and there must be a good move\n\n\n**Game 1**\n\nRubinstein – Schlechter\nSan Sebastian 1912\n\n**1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c5**\n**5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 cxd4**\n**8. cxd4 Bb4+**\n\nPosition after: 8... Bb4+\n\nWith this move and the next, Black intends to finish development and exchange some material. That is generally\na good strategy against an opponent's\nspace advantage.\n\n**9. Bd2 Qa5 10. Rb1!**\n\n10. Bxb4 is wrong. After 10... Qxb4+\n11. Qd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 Ke7 there\nare no problems for Black. After the text\nmove, White has an extra tempo – the\nrook is already on b1!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 11\n\n\nleading to a serious advantage! Rubinstein's next move proves he was one of\nthe greatest players ever – no other\nplayer could so easily find such fine\nmoves. The next move is a testament to\nhis amazing, colossal strategical knowledge.\n\n**13. Bb5!**\n\nBrilliant move – one of the best ever!\nIt looks like a waste of time, but White\nwill actually win a tempo! The move has\ntwo points. Firstly, it prevents natural\ndeveloping moves such as ...Nc6,\n...Nd7 and ...Bd7. And secondly, it\nforces the move 13... a6, weakening the\nb6-square.\n\n13. Bd3 b6 14. Rhc1 Ba6 15. Rc7\nBxd3 16. Kxd3 Na6 looks OK for\nBlack.\n\n**13... a6 14. Bd3 Rd8**\n\n14... Nc6 15. Rb6 is very bad for Black.\n\n**15. Rhc1**\n\nPosition after: 15. Rhc1\n\n\n**15... b5**\n\nA sad necessity. Black is forced to play\nwith pawns while White's army enjoys\nperfectly centralised squares. Fixed\npawns on a6 and b5 will be good targets. There are also weak dark-squares\non the queenside.\n\n**16. Rc7 Nd7 17. Ke3! Nf6 18. Ne5!**\n\nPosition after: 18. Ne5!\n\nAbsolute harmony! Please, take a look\nat Rubinstein's last moves. First with 17.\nKe3 he protected the d4-pawn, making\nthe knight ready for action. With the following move, he prevented a check on\ng4 – so the king, pawn and knight nicely\ncollaborate. Each piece supports centralisation and keeps the opponent's\npieces far from the centre!\n\nThere were not many such masters in\nthe past so dedicated to centralisation\nas Great Akiba was!\n\n**18... Bd7 19. g4! h6**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\n\n-----\n\n12 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nConverting a positional advantage into\na material one.\n\n**26... f6**\n\n26... Rd6 allows a beautiful finale after\n27. Ra8 Kf828.g6fxg629. Nxg6+ Kf7\n\nPosition after: 19... h6\n\n**20. f4!**\n\nCorrect decision! White renews the\nthreat of g5.\n\nPosition after: 29... Kf7\n\n\n20. h4 is not so good – the f-file is more\nimportant than the h-file!\n\n**20... Be8 21. g5 hxg5 22. fxg5 Nh7 23.**\n**h4 Rdc8 24. Rbc1 Rxc7 25. Rxc7**\n\nPosition after: 25. Rxc7\n\nBlack's position is hopeless. There is a\nbig difference in activity! White’s centralised pieces are ultra-powerful, while\nthe black pieces are out of play.\n\n**25... Rd8 26. Ra7**\n\n\n30. Nh8+! Kf8 31. e5 Now, the white\npieces are placed in corners, but this\nsetup decides the game!\n\n**27. gxf6 gxf6 28. Ng4 Bh5 29. Nh6+**\nKh8\n\nPosition after: 29... Kh8\n\n**30. Be2!**\n\nFollowing the same strategy and kicking\nout active pieces!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 13\n\n\n**30... Be8**\n\n30... Bxe2? 31. Nf7+\n\n**31. Rxa6 Kg7 32. Ng4 f5 33. Ra7+!**\n\nPosition after: 33. Ra7+!\n\n**33... Kh8**\n\n33... Kg6 is bad, there is a risk Black's\nking will be mated. 34. h5+ Kg5 35.\nRg7+ Kh4 36. exf5 exf5 37. Nh6 is\nwinning. Now 37... Nf8 38. Nxf5+ Kh3\n39. Bf1+ Kh2 40. Rg2+ Kh3 41.\nRg3+ Kh2 42. Kf2 leads to mate.\n\n**34. Ne5 fxe4**\n\nPosition after: 34... fxe4\n\n\nIt looks like Black consolidated his position by exchanging some material. But,\nRubinstein's next move proves Black is\ndesperately lost – after perfectly carrying out the game strategically, there\nmust be some tactics coming up!\n\n**35.** Bxb5! Nf6 36. Bxe8 Rxe8 37.\nKf4!\n\nWhite chooses the fastest plan. Black’s\nking is in danger and White goes directly\nfor the kill.\n\n**37... Kg8 38. Kg5 Rf8 39. Kg6**\n\nPosition after: 39. Kg6\n\nBlack resigns! What a triumph! From\nthe opening, the white pieces dominated in the centre, while Black was not\nallowed to activate his pieces, even for\na moment! Black made only one bad\nmove – castling, and it was enough for\nRubinstein to demonstrate his amazing\nunderstanding of chess strategy, giving\na perfect example to his followers!\n\n**1-0**\n\n\n-----10 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nI really hope you will perfectly understand the concept of centralisation and manage to implement it successfully into your games. “If the opponent neglects centralisation, just improve yours!”\n\n\n**10... Bxd2+**\n\n10... Nc6? is a mistake. After 11. Rxb4!\nNxb4 12. Qb3 White is winning. The\nfollowing line is very pretty: 12... Qxa2\n13. Bb5+ Bd7 14. Bxd7+ Kxd7 15.\nNe5+ Ke8 16. Qxb4 Qa1+ 17. Ke2\nQxh1 18. Qb5+ with mate.\n\n**11. Qxd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-9-4.png)\n\nPosition after: 12. Kxd2\n\nWhite is slightly better due to his space\nadvantage and better development.\nBlack should follow the idea ...Ke7,\n...Rd8, ...b6, ...Ba6 with centralisation\nand patient improving. But, instead...\n\n**12... 0-0?**\n\nA very bad move, neglecting centralisation principles. How should White continue? Black’s king is now far from the\ncentre and there must be a good move\n\n\n**Game 1**\n\nRubinstein – Schlechter\nSan Sebastian 1912\n\n**1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c5**\n**5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 cxd4**\n**8. cxd4 Bb4+**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-9-1.png)\n\nPosition after: 8... Bb4+\n\nWith this move and the next, Black intends to finish development and exchange some material. That is generally\na good strategy against an opponent's\nspace advantage.\n\n**9. Bd2 Qa5 10. Rb1!**\n\n10. Bxb4 is wrong. After 10... Qxb4+\n11. Qd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 Ke7 there\nare no problems for Black. After the text\nmove, White has an extra tempo – the\nrook is already on b1!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 11\n\n\nleading to a serious advantage! Rubinstein's next move proves he was one of\nthe greatest players ever – no other\nplayer could so easily find such fine\nmoves. The next move is a testament to\nhis amazing, colossal strategical knowledge.\n\n**13. Bb5!**\n\nBrilliant move – one of the best ever!\nIt looks like a waste of time, but White\nwill actually win a tempo! The move has\ntwo points. Firstly, it prevents natural\ndeveloping moves such as ...Nc6,\n...Nd7 and ...Bd7. And secondly, it\nforces the move 13... a6, weakening the\nb6-square.\n\n13. Bd3 b6 14. Rhc1 Ba6 15. Rc7\nBxd3 16. Kxd3 Na6 looks OK for\nBlack.\n\n**13... a6 14. Bd3 Rd8**\n\n14... Nc6 15. Rb6 is very bad for Black.\n\n**15. Rhc1**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-10-0.png)\n\nPosition after: 15. Rhc1\n\n\n**15... b5**\n\nA sad necessity. Black is forced to play\nwith pawns while White's army enjoys\nperfectly centralised squares. Fixed\npawns on a6 and b5 will be good targets. There are also weak dark-squares\non the queenside.\n\n**16. Rc7 Nd7 17. Ke3! Nf6 18. Ne5!**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-10-4.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-10-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 18. Ne5!\n\nAbsolute harmony! Please, take a look\nat Rubinstein's last moves. First with 17.\nKe3 he protected the d4-pawn, making\nthe knight ready for action. With the following move, he prevented a check on\ng4 – so the king, pawn and knight nicely\ncollaborate. Each piece supports centralisation and keeps the opponent's\npieces far from the centre!\n\nThere were not many such masters in\nthe past so dedicated to centralisation\nas Great Akiba was!\n\n**18... Bd7 19. g4! h6**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\n\n-----\n\n12 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nConverting a positional advantage into\na material one.\n\n**26... f6**\n\n26... Rd6 allows a beautiful finale after\n27. Ra8 Kf828.g6fxg629. Nxg6+ Kf7\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 19... h6\n\n**20. f4!**\n\nCorrect decision! White renews the\nthreat of g5.\n\nPosition after: 29... Kf7\n\n\n20. h4 is not so good – the f-file is more\nimportant than the h-file!\n\n**20... Be8 21. g5 hxg5 22. fxg5 Nh7 23.**\n**h4 Rdc8 24. Rbc1 Rxc7 25. Rxc7**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-4.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-5.png)\n\nPosition after: 25. Rxc7\n\nBlack's position is hopeless. There is a\nbig difference in activity! White’s centralised pieces are ultra-powerful, while\nthe black pieces are out of play.\n\n**25... Rd8 26. Ra7**\n\n\n30. Nh8+! Kf8 31. e5 Now, the white\npieces are placed in corners, but this\nsetup decides the game!\n\n**27. gxf6 gxf6 28. Ng4 Bh5 29. Nh6+**\nKh8\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-11-9.png)\n\nPosition after: 29... Kh8\n\n**30. Be2!**\n\nFollowing the same strategy and kicking\nout active pieces!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 13\n\n\n**30... Be8**\n\n30... Bxe2? 31. Nf7+\n\n**31. Rxa6 Kg7 32. Ng4 f5 33. Ra7+!**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-12-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 33. Ra7+!\n\n**33... Kh8**\n\n33... Kg6 is bad, there is a risk Black's\nking will be mated. 34. h5+ Kg5 35.\nRg7+ Kh4 36. exf5 exf5 37. Nh6 is\nwinning. Now 37... Nf8 38. Nxf5+ Kh3\n39. Bf1+ Kh2 40. Rg2+ Kh3 41.\nRg3+ Kh2 42. Kf2 leads to mate.\n\n**34. Ne5 fxe4**\n\nPosition after: 34... fxe4\n\n\nIt looks like Black consolidated his position by exchanging some material. But,\nRubinstein's next move proves Black is\ndesperately lost – after perfectly carrying out the game strategically, there\nmust be some tactics coming up!\n\n**35.** Bxb5! Nf6 36. Bxe8 Rxe8 37.\nKf4!\n\nWhite chooses the fastest plan. Black’s\nking is in danger and White goes directly\nfor the kill.\n\n**37... Kg8 38. Kg5 Rf8 39. Kg6**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-12-11.png)\n\nPosition after: 39. Kg6\n\nBlack resigns! What a triumph! From\nthe opening, the white pieces dominated in the centre, while Black was not\nallowed to activate his pieces, even for\na moment! Black made only one bad\nmove – castling, and it was enough for\nRubinstein to demonstrate his amazing\nunderstanding of chess strategy, giving\na perfect example to his followers!\n\n**1-0**",
    "output: [Event \"San Sebastian\"]\n[Site \"San Sebastian\"]\n[Date \"1912.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Rubinstein, Akiba\"]\n[Black \"Schlechter, Carl\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n[ECO \"D41\"]\n[Annotator \"Commentary based on the provided text\"]\n[PlyCount \"77\"]\n[EventDate \"1912.??.??\"]\n\n{I really hope you will perfectly understand the concept of centralisation and manage to implement it successfully into your games. \"If the opponent neglects centralisation, just improve yours!\"} 1. d4 d5 2. Nf3 Nf6 3. c4 e6 4. Nc3 c5 5. cxd5 Nxd5 6. e4 Nxc3 7. bxc3 cxd4 8. cxd4 Bb4+ {With this move and the next, Black intends to finish development and exchange some material. That is generally a good strategy against an opponent's space advantage.} 9. Bd2 Qa5 10. Rb1 $1 {10. Bxb4 is wrong. After 10... Qxb4+ 11. Qd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 Ke7 there are no problems for Black. After the text move, White has an extra tempo – the rook is already on b1!} (10. Bxb4 {is wrong.} Qxb4+ 11. Qd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 Ke7 {there are no problems for Black. After the next move, White has an extra tempo – the rook is already on b1!}) 10... Bxd2+ (10... Nc6 $2 {is a mistake.} {After} 11. Rxb4 $1 Nxb4 12. Qb3 {White is winning.} {The following line is very pretty:} Qxa2 13. Bb5+ Bd7 14. Bxd7+ Kxd7 15. Ne5+ Ke8 16. Qxb4 Qa1+ 17. Ke2 Qxh1 18. Qb5+ {with mate.}) 11. Qxd2 Qxd2+ 12. Kxd2 {White is slightly better due to his space advantage and better development. Black should follow the idea ...Ke7, ...Rd8, ...b6, ...Ba6 with centralisation and patient improving. But, instead...} O-O $2 {A very bad move, neglecting centralisation principles. How should White continue? Black's king is now far from the centre and there must be a good move leading to a serious advantage! Rubinstein's next move proves he was one of the greatest players ever – no other player could so easily find such fine moves. The next move is a testament to his amazing, colossal strategical knowledge.} 13. Bb5 $1 {Brilliant move – one of the best ever! It looks like a waste of time, but White will actually win a tempo! The move has two points. Firstly, it prevents natural developing moves such as ...Nc6, ...Nd7 and ...Bd7. And secondly, it forces the move 13... a6, weakening the b6-square.} (13. Bd3 b6 14. Rhc1 Ba6 15. Rc7 Bxd3 16. Kxd3 Na6 {looks OK for Black.}) 13... a6 14. Bd3 Rd8 (14... Nc6 15. Rb6 {is very bad for Black.}) 15. Rhc1 b5 {A sad necessity. Black is forced to play with pawns while White's army enjoys perfectly centralised squares. Fixed pawns on a6 and b5 will be good targets. There are also weak dark-squares on the queenside.} 16. Rc7 Nd7 17. Ke3 $1 Nf6 18. Ne5 $1 {Absolute harmony! Please, take a look at Rubinstein's last moves. First with 17. Ke3 he protected the d4-pawn, making the knight ready for action. With the following move, he prevented a check on g4 – so the king, pawn and knight nicely collaborate. Each piece supports centralisation and keeps the opponent's pieces far from the centre!} {There were not many such masters in the past so dedicated to centralisation as Great Akiba was!} Bd7 19. g4 $1 h6 20. f4 $1 {Correct decision! White renews the threat of g5.} (20. h4 {is not so good - the f-file is more important than the h-file!}) 20... Be8 21. g5 hxg5 22. fxg5 Nh7 23. h4 Rdc8 24. Rbc1 Rxc7 25. Rxc7 {Black's position is hopeless. There is a big difference in activity! White's centralised pieces are ultra-powerful, while the black pieces are out of play.} Rd8 26. Ra7 {Converting a positional advantage into a material one.} f6 (26... Rd6 {allows a beautiful finale after} 27. Ra8 Kf8 28. g6 fxg6 29. Nxg6+ Kf7 30. Nh8+ $1 Kf8 31. e5 {Now, the white pieces are placed in corners, but this setup decides the game!}) 27. gxf6 gxf6 28. Ng4 Bh5 29. Nh6+ Kh8 30. Be2 $1 {Following the same strategy and kicking out active pieces!} Be8 (30... Bxe2 $2 31. Nf7+) 31. Rxa6 Kg7 32. Ng4 f5 33. Ra7+ $1 Kh8 (33... Kg6 {is bad, there is a risk Black's king will be mated.} 34. h5+ Kg5 35. Rg7+ Kh4 36. exf5 exf5 37. Nh6 {is winning.} {Now} Nf8 38. Nxf5+ Kh3 39. Bf1+ Kh2 40. Rg2+ Kh3 41. Rg3+ Kh2 42. Kf2 {leads to mate.}) 34. Ne5 fxe4 {It looks like Black consolidated his position by exchanging some material. But, Rubinstein's next move proves Black is desperately lost – after perfectly carrying out the game strategically, there must be some tactics coming up!} 35. Bxb5 $1 Nf6 36. Bxe8 Rxe8 37. Kf4 $1 {White chooses the fastest plan. Black's king is in danger and White goes directly for the kill.} Kg8 38. Kg5 Rf8 39. Kg6 {Black resigns! What a triumph! From the opening, the white pieces dominated in the centre, while Black was not allowed to activate his pieces, even for a moment! Black made only one bad move – castling, and it was enough for Rubinstein to demonstrate his amazing understanding of chess strategy, giving a perfect example to his followers!} 1-0",
    "input: 14 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**9... Nc6 10. Nxc6!**\n\nThis is the only move that keeps the advantage. It looks like a loss of tempo,\nbut other moves would waste time.\n\n**A) 10.** Nb3? 0-0-0! with the idea of\n...Nb4 or ...Ne5. Surprisingly, Black\ngets the initiative immediately.\n\n**B) 10. Nf3?! Be6!? 11. Bxe6 fxe6 12.**\nNc3 Nf6 then placing the king on e7\nand occupying the d-file looks very solid\nfor Black.\n\n**C) 10.** Nb5? can even be fatal 10...\n0-0-0 11. Bxf7? Ne5 12. Bxg8 Bxb5\n13. Be6+ Kb8 14. Nc3 Ba6 and\nWhite is hopeless.\n\n**10... Bxc6 11. Nc3**\n\nPosition after: 11. Nc3\n\n**11... Rd8?**\n\nThis is the first imprecise move. Black\nwants to prevent White from castling\nlong, but White actually wants to place\nhis king on e2 and then e3. As a result,\n\n\n**Game 2**\n\nKarpov – Seirawan\nSkelleftea 1989\n\n**1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. e4 e5 4.** Nf3\nBb4+ 5. Bd2 Bxd2+ 6. Qxd2 exd4 7.\nQxd4 Qxd4 8. Nxd4 Bd7 9. Bxc4\n\nPosition after: 9. Bxc4\n\nThe game started pretty sharply and an\nuncommon line was chosen by the players. But, after exchanges, it is clear the\ngame will be a positional one. Actually,\nBlack should be satisfied with the position that arose from the opening. The\nbiggest problem for Black is his opponent. Karpov always played superbly in\npositions with a small but stable positional advantage – such positions were\nhis trademark throughout his career.\n\nWhite is slightly better due to a small\nspace advantage and slightly better development. White is about to harmoniously place his pieces in the centre,\nseeking the initiative. With his next\nmove, Black tries to stop this.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 15\n\n\n**15. Rac1**\n\nCreating “x-ray” pressure on the c-file.\n\n**15... Rxd1 16. Rxd1 Rb8**\n\nPosition after: 16... Rb8\n\nPreparing to advance the b-pawn,\nwhich is ignored by White. This move\nwould only weaken the c5-square. Another move away from the centre.\n\n**17. Ke3 g6**\n\n17... b5 18. Bf1 b4 19. Ne2\n\nPosition after: 19. Ne2\n\nis bad for Black. White moves his knight\nto d4 and rook to c1, with various\nthreats.\n\n\nBlack will have problems with the f7pawn, which will soon become clear.\n\n11... Nf6! was correct. After 12. f3 Ke7\n13. Ke2 Rhd8 White's advantage is\nonly visual and not significant.\n\n**12. Ke2 Nf6 13. f3 Ke7 14. Rhd1**\n\nPosition after: 14. Rhd1\n\nComparing this position with the aforementioned line, it is clear that Black has\nthe \"wrong\" rook on d8. Evidently, he\ncannot capture on d1 followed by placing the other rook on d8 because the\npawn on f7 is hanging. Actually, it is not\nobvious how to effectively activate the\nh8-rook without wasting time.\n\n**14... a5**\n\nProbably played with the idea to \"activate the majority\". Of course, that is not\nthe way to activate. Another idea might\nbe the activation of the rook via the afile. Black is forced to play on the flank\n– that is a bad sign. He lost the struggle\nfor the centre and is paying the price.\n\n\n-----\n\n16 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**18. Bb3**\n\nA prophylactic move against 18... b5.\n\n**18... Ra8**\n\nPosition after: 18... Ra8\n\nBlack still wanders. Although, it is difficult to suggest anything else. Whenever\nthe bishop on c6 moves, White will play\ne5, which is crushing. On the kingside,\nBlack cannot find any single reasonable\nmove either. He is forced to wait...\n\n**19. Rd4!**\n\nTypical Karpov move. After any move\nfar away from the centre from Black, he\nanswers with a strong centralisation\nmove, building stronger and stronger\nboth positional and psychological pressure. The rook from d4 prevents ...a4\nand is also ready to be transferred to\nthe kingsideafter advancingthe e-pawn.\n\n**19... Nd7**\n\nWhat else?\n\n\n**20. Bd5**\n\nBlack voluntarily reduced control over\nthe d5-square and White immediately\ntakes his chance. 20. Nd5+ is wrong. After 20... Bxd5 21. Bxd5 Ne5! 22.\nBxb7 Rb8 Black is not worse. His\npieces finally become active.\n\n**20... Ra6 21. f4!**\n\nPosition after: 21. f4!\n\nImproving the kingside position, enabling e5 and waiting for the opponent to\ncapture first.\n\n**21... f6 22. h4!**\n\n22. g4? g5! and the black knight finally\ngets the perfect outpost on e5.\n\n**22... h6**\n\nOnce again, Black is ready to play ...g5.\n\n**23. g3**\n\nDon't rush!\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 17\n\n\n**23... Bxd5 24. Nxd5+ Kd8**\n\nPosition after: 24... Kd8\n\n**25. Nc3!**\n\nEvery simplification would be in Black's\nfavour. Black wanted to play ...Rd6 followed by ...c6.\n\n**25... Rb6 26. Rd2!**\n\nThe rook's job on the 4th rank is over. It\nnow goes to the 2nd rank to support the\nmove h5. The point is that White wants\nto eliminate Black’s g6-pawn and create\nan outpost on f5! With three connected\npawns on the same rank, it is very natural to attack the middle one – if it is exchanged or advanced, an outpost would\nbe created (see comments on White’s\nmove 22).\n\n**A) 26. b3? is the wrong move order. Af-**\nter 26... Rc6, whatever White chooses,\nthe rook cannot easily be placed on the\n2nd rank. Actually, if Black moves the\nrook to some other square, the move b3\nwould not be needed at all.\n\n\n**B) 26. h5 of course was strong too, but**\nKarpov did not want to change the\nrhythm of play. Indeed, why go for\ncomplications if everything is going\nsmoothly?\n\n**26... c6 27. h5! g5 28. Kf3**\n\nPosition after: 28. Kf3\n\nBoth the knight and king are ready to\noccupy the f5-square.\n\n**28... Ke7 29. Ne2?!**\n\n29. Nd1! is much better – the knight\ninevitably gets to f5.\n\n**29... c5 30. Nc3 Rd6 31. Rd5**\n\n31. Rxd6 Kxd6 32. e5+ Ke6 would\ncomplicate White's task. The text move\nleaves Black in a hopeless situation.\n\n**31... Rxd5**\n\nWhat else? Black is paralysed.\n\n**32. Nxd5+ Ke6 33. Ne3**\n\n\n-----\n\n18 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 e4 3. Nd4 Nc6 4. Nc2**\nBc5 5. Nc3 Nf6\n\nPosition after: 33. Ne3\n\nThe rest is simple.\n\nPosition after: 5... Nf6\n\n\n**33... b5 34. Nf5** Nb6 35. Nxh6 Nc4\n**36. Nf5 Kf7**\n\n36... Nxb2 37. h6 Kf7 38. h7+–\n\n**37. b3 Nd2+ 38. Ke3 Nf1+**\n\nBlack resigned without waiting for\nWhite to respond. The knight is trapped. A game won in typical “Karpovian”\nstyle. Centralisation and patient improving with fine realisation at the end.\nVery often he would leave opponents\nconfused after the game, desperately\nwanting to understand where they\nerred. No obvious mistakes – just superb Karpov style and technique.\n\n**1-0**\n\n**Game 3**\n\nReti – Nimzowitsch\nMarienbad 1925\n\n\nBoth sides played unconventionally, but\nnow the pawn setup starts to resemble\nthe French Defence, exchange variation\nstructure. It really looks like Black has\nno problems – White has spent time to\ntransfer the knight to c2.\n\n**6. d4 exd3 7. exd3 d5!**\n\nWhite wanted to gain some tempi by\nadvancing his d-pawn.\n\n**8. d4 Be7 9. c5**\n\nPosition after: 9. c5\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Skelleftea\"]\n[Site \"Skelleftea\"]\n[Date \"1989.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Karpov, Anatoly\"]\n[Black \"Seirawan, Yasser\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n[ECO \"D20\"]\n[Annotator \"Commentary based on the provided text\"]\n[PlyCount \"76\"]\n[EventDate \"1989.??.??\"]\n\n1. d4 d5 2. c4 dxc4 3. e4 e5 4. Nf3 Bb4+ 5. Bd2 Bxd2+ 6. Qxd2 exd4 7. Qxd4 Qxd4 8. Nxd4 Bd7 9. Bxc4 {The game started pretty sharply and an uncommon line was chosen by the players. But, after exchanges, it is clear the game will be a positional one. Actually, Black should be satisfied with the position that arose from the opening. The biggest problem for Black is his opponent. Karpov always played superbly in positions with a small but stable positional advantage – such positions were his trademark throughout his career. White is slightly better due to a small space advantage and slightly better development. White is about to harmoniously place his pieces in the centre, seeking the initiative. With his next move, Black tries to stop this.} Nc6 10. Nxc6 $1 {This is the only move that keeps the advantage. It looks like a loss of tempo, but other moves would waste time.} (10. Nb3 $2 {is wrong.} O-O-O $1 {with the idea of ...Nb4 or ...Ne5. Surprisingly, Black gets the initiative immediately.}) (10. Nf3 $6 Be6 $5 11. Bxe6 fxe6 12. Nc3 Nf6 {then placing the king on e7 and occupying the d-file looks very solid for Black.}) (10. Nb5 $2 {can even be fatal} O-O-O 11. Bxf7 $2 Ne5 12. Bxg8 Bxb5 13. Be6+ Kb8 14. Nc3 Ba6 {and White is hopeless.}) 10... Bxc6 11. Nc3 Rd8 $2 {This is the first imprecise move. Black wants to prevent White from castling long, but White actually wants to place his king on e2 and then e3. As a result, Black will have problems with the f7 pawn, which will soon become clear.} (11... Nf6 $1 {was correct. After} 12. f3 Ke7 13. Ke2 Rhd8 {White's advantage is only visual and not significant.}) 12. Ke2 Nf6 13. f3 Ke7 14. Rhd1 {Comparing this position with the aforementioned line, it is clear that Black has the \"wrong\" rook on d8. Evidently, he cannot capture on d1 followed by placing the other rook on d8 because the pawn on f7 is hanging. Actually, it is not obvious how to effectively activate the h8-rook without wasting time.} a5 {Probably played with the idea to \"activate the majority\". Of course, that is not the way to activate. Another idea might be the activation of the rook via the a-file. Black is forced to play on the flank – that is a bad sign. He lost the struggle for the centre and is paying the price.} 15. Rac1 {Creating \"x-ray\" pressure on the c-file.} Rxd1 16. Rxd1 Rb8 {Preparing to advance the b-pawn, which is ignored by White. This move would only weaken the c5-square. Another move away from the centre.} 17. Ke3 g6 (17... b5 18. Bf1 b4 19. Ne2 {is bad for Black. White moves his knight to d4 and rook to c1, with various threats.}) 18. Bb3 {A prophylactic move against 18... b5.} Ra8 {Black still wanders. Although, it is difficult to suggest anything else. Whenever the bishop on c6 moves, White will play e5, which is crushing. On the kingside, Black cannot find any single reasonable move either. He is forced to wait...} 19. Rd4 $1 {Typical Karpov move. After any move far away from the centre from Black, he answers with a strong centralisation move, building stronger and stronger both positional and psychological pressure. The rook from d4 prevents ...a4 and is also ready to be transferred to the kingside after advancing the e-pawn.} Nd7 {What else?} 20. Bd5 {Black voluntarily reduced control over the d5-square and White immediately takes his chance. 20. Nd5+ is wrong. After 20... Bxd5 21. Bxd5 Ne5! 22. Bxb7 Rb8 Black is not worse. His pieces finally become active.} Ra6 21. f4 $1 {Improving the kingside position, enabling e5 and waiting for the opponent to capture first.} f6 22. h4 $1 (22. g4 $2 g5 $1 {and the black knight finally gets the perfect outpost on e5.}) 22... h6 {Once again, Black is ready to play ...g5.} 23. g3 {Don't rush!} Bxd5 24. Nxd5+ Kd8 25. Nc3 $1 {Every simplification would be in Black's favour. Black wanted to play ...Rd6 followed by ...c6.} Rb6 26. Rd2 $1 {The rook's job on the 4th rank is over. It now goes to the 2nd rank to support the move h5. The point is that White wants to eliminate Black's g6-pawn and create an outpost on f5! With three connected pawns on the same rank, it is very natural to attack the middle one – if it is exchanged or advanced, an outpost would be created (see comments on White's move 22).} (26. b3 $2 {is the wrong move order. After} Rc6 {, whatever White chooses, the rook cannot easily be placed on the 2nd rank. Actually, if Black moves the rook to some other square, the move b3 would not be needed at all.}) (26. h5 {of course was strong too, but Karpov did not want to change the rhythm of play. Indeed, why go for complications if everything is going smoothly?}) 26... c6 27. h5 $1 g5 28. Kf3 {Both the knight and king are ready to occupy the f5-square.} Ke7 29. Ne2 $6 (29. Nd1 $1 {is much better - the knight inevitably gets to f5.}) 29... c5 30. Nc3 Rd6 31. Rd5 (31. Rxd6 Kxd6 32. e5+ Ke6 {would complicate White's task. The text move leaves Black in a hopeless situation.}) 31... Rxd5 {What else? Black is paralysed.} 32. Nxd5+ Ke6 33. Ne3 {The rest is simple.} b5 34. Nf5 Nb6 35. Nxh6 Nc4 36. Nf5 Kf7 (36... Nxb2 37. h6 Kf7 38. h7 $18) 37. b3 Nd2+ 38. Ke3 Nf1+ {Black resigned without waiting for White to respond. The knight is trapped. A game won in typical \"Karpovian\" style. Centralisation and patient improving with fine realisation at the end. Very often he would leave opponents confused after the game, desperately wanting to understand where they erred. No obvious mistakes – just superb Karpov style and technique.} 1-0",
    "input: 28 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**30. Nb3**\n\nThis move delays resignation. Black is\nforced to find more good moves to convert.\n\n**30... Bxb3! 31. axb3**\n\n31. Rxb1 Bxa2 32. Ra1 cxb2–+\n\nPosition after: 41... Kd4\n\n\n**31... Nd2 32. Re1 Rhd8! 33. Bc1 d3!**\n**34. cxd3 Rxd3**\n\nPosition after: 34... Rxd3\n\nAfter a series of active black moves,\nWhite is close to resignation.\n\n**35. Bxd2 Rxd2**\n\nTaking with the pawn was also winning.\nBlack transposes to a trivial endgame –\nthe rook behind the passed-pawn decides the game.\n\n**36. Ra1 Ke6 37. Kf1 Rxf2+ 38. Kxf2**\n**c2 39.** Rc1 Kd5 40. Ke3 Rc3+ 41.\nKd2 Kd4\n\n\nWhite is in some kind of zugzwang.\nBlack’s king will inevitably collect the\nwhite kingside pawns, with a win to follow.\n\n**42. h4 Rd3+**\n\nWhite resigned. A terrible defeat. Never\nforget about the centre and never go for\na flank attack if your centre is not secured. White’s centre simply collapsed\nin this game after his 8th move. Afterwards, White could not get control back\nover the centre and the punishment\nwas well deserved.\n\n**0-1**\n\n**Game 5**\n\nStolberg – Botvinnik\nMoscow 1940\n\n**1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3**\n**0-0 5. Bd3 d5 6. Nge2**\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 29\n\n9... Bxc3 10. bxc3 c4 11. Bc2 b5 is also\nplayable, of course. But that plan simplifies White's task. White will organise\nthe e4-advance with Ng3 and f3. The\ntext move poses more problems to\nWhite.\n\n**10. exd4**\n\n\n10. axb4 dxc3 11. bxc3 Ne5 gives comfortable play to Black. White will dominate the d4-square, but on the other\nhand Black can use the squares c4 and\ne4.\n\n**10... Bd6 11. h3**\n\n11. Bf4 was a logical move, finishing\ndevelopment and exchanging a bad\nbishop for a good one. Instead of that,\nWhite made his bishop a worse piece...\nYou'll see.\n\n**11... h6**\n\nPosition after: 11... h6\n\nSecuring the d5-pawn by preventing\nBg5.\n\n\nPosition after: 6. Nge2\n\n**6... c5**\n\nBlack decides to crush the white pawn\ncentre immediately. 6... dxc4 7. Bxc4\nc5 was also very solid.\n\n**7. 0-0 Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5**\n\n8... Nxd5 is bad. After 9. Nxd5 Qxd5\n10. a3 Ba5 11. Qc2, White attacks\npawns both on c5 and h7 with a clear\nadvantage\n\n**9. a3**\n\nPosition after: 9. a3\n\n**9... cxd4**\n\n\n-----\n\n30 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**15... Bf5! 16. Qc2 Be4!**\n\nPosition after: 16... Be4!\n\n**17. b5?**\n\nThe game is over now. White invites so\nmany black pieces into his camp. The\nknight goes to c4, along with future invasions on the c- and e-files. White is\nwithout counterplay. With careless advances, White simply gave Black full\ncontrol over the centre.\n\n**17... Bxd3 18. Qxd3**\n\n18. bxc6 Qf5–+\n\n**18... Na5 19. Ng3 Nc4**\n\nPosition after: 19... Nc4\n\n\n**12. b4?!**\n\nWhite wanted to secure a spot for the\nqueen on b3. Alas, advancing pawns on\nthe queenside misses its mark. In open\npositions, pawn play is rarely promising.\nPiece play should be preferred!\n\n**12... Re8 13. Qb3 Be6 14. Bd2 Qd7**\n\nPosition after: 14... Qd7\n\nBlack harmoniously finished development and is already better. The idea of\nthe last few moves is the exchange of\nthe light-squared bishops.\n\n**15. f4?**\n\nIt looks like suicide. One is not allowed\nto play on the flank if worse off in the\ncentre. Also, attacking the black king is\njust an illusion. Take a look at the pawn\non f4, restricting the rook, bishop and\nknight. Try to move or exchange such\npawns in your games. And, what’s\nmore, e4 and e3 are now desperately\nweak squares. Black’s idea of exchanging light-squared bishops is even more\nlogical and dangerous now.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 31\n\n\n**20. Bc1**\n\n20. Nxd5 is not good. After 20... Nxd5\n21. Qxc4 Ne3 22. Bxe3 Rxe3 things\nare bad for White. There is no good\nplace for the knight to retreat to and\nBlack will keep the initiative with\n...Rc8.\n\n**20... Rac8**\n\nWhite cannot oppose the black occupation of light central squares. His position\nis hopeless.\n\n**21. Ra2 Bf8**\n\nSupporting the d5-pawn and freeing the\nd6-square for the knight.\n\n**22. a4**\n\nThis leaves the b4-square without control, but what else is there to suggest for\nWhite…?\n\n**22... Bb4**\n\nPosition after: 22... Bb4\n\n\nBlack would be happy to exchange the\nbishop for the knight – the e4-square\nwill be easier to control.\n\n**23. Nd1 Ne4 24. f5**\n\nTrying to die for something... With some\nprecise moves, Black eliminates all\nthreats on the kingside.\n\n**24...** Nxg3 25. Qxg3 Bd6 26. Qf3\nBe7 27. Qg3\n\nPosition after: 27. Qg3\n\n**27... Bf6! 28. Bxh6**\n\nIt looks like White got some chances,\nbut that was just an illusion.\n\n**28... Bxd4+**\n\nThe pawn on d4 is more important than\nthe one on h6. See how Black invades on\ncentral squares. Very soon, a storm will\nbreak out in the centre.\n\n**29.** Kh1 f6! 30. Bc1 Re4 31. Qd3\nNe5\n\n\n-----\n\n32 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nNot that many squares are available for\nthe white pieces...\n\n**37... Qb5 38. Rc1 Bf8 39. Rd1 Re2**\n\n\nDominating in the centre gives you excellent prospects on both flanks. Botvinnik chooses the fastest way – he attacks\nWhite’s king. White’s cramped pieces\non the queenside are of no help.\n\n**40. Qc1**\n\nPosition after: 40. Qc1\n\n**40... Rxh3+! 41. gxh3 d4**\n\nA sad fate for White. Paralysed pieces in\nopen positions is not a common site.\nThere is no way to prevent ...Qd5, with\nmate. White resigned. A terrible defeat.\nRecklessly advancing pawns, White invited the black pieces to comfortable\ncentral positions. The realisation of a big\npositional advantage should be carefully studied and it depicts Botvinnik's\nimpressive technique.\n\n**0-1**\n\n\nPosition after: 31... Ne5\n\nIf you follow games by such great masters, chess looks like a really simple\ngame. Actually, it is sometimes. Dominate the centre and you will dominate\nall over the board.\n\n**32. Qb1 Rc4**\n\nBlack used his last move to achieve full\ncentralisation. At the same time, White\nregrouped his troops... to the first rank!\nBotvinnik convincingly realises his advantage.\n\n**33. a5 Bc5 34. b6 a6 35. Nb2 Rc3 36.**\nBd2 Rb3 37. Qc2\n\nPosition after: 37. Qc2\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Moscow\"]\n[Site \"Moscow\"]\n[Date \"1940.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Stolberg, Alexander\"]\n[Black \"Botvinnik, Mikhail\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n[ECO \"E11\"]\n[Annotator \"Commentary based on the provided text\"]\n[PlyCount \"82\"]\n[EventDate \"1940.??.??\"]\n\n1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 d5 6. Nge2 c5 {Black decides to crush the white pawn centre immediately.} (6... dxc4 7. Bxc4 c5 {was also very solid.}) 7. O-O Nc6 8. cxd5 exd5 (8... Nxd5 9. Nxd5 Qxd5 10. a3 Ba5 11. Qc2 {White attacks pawns both on c5 and h7 with a clear advantage}) 9. a3 cxd4 (9... Bxc3 10. bxc3 c4 11. Bc2 b5 {is also playable, of course. But that plan simplifies White's task. White will organise the e4-advance with Ng3 and f3. The text move poses more problems to White.}) 10. exd4 Bd6 11. h3 (11. Bf4 {was a logical move, finishing development and exchanging a bad bishop for a good one. Instead of that, White made his bishop a worse piece... You'll see.}) 11... h6 {Securing the d5-pawn by preventing Bg5.} 12. b4?! {White wanted to secure a spot for the queen on b3. Alas, advancing pawns on the queenside misses its mark. In open positions, pawn play is rarely promising. Piece play should be preferred!} 12... Re8 13. Qb3 Be6 14. Bd2 Qd7 {Black harmoniously finished development and is already better. The idea of the last few moves is the exchange of the light-squared bishops.} 15. f4? {It looks like suicide. One is not allowed to play on the flank if worse off in the centre. Also, attacking the black king is just an illusion. Take a look at the pawn on f4, restricting the rook, bishop and knight. Try to move or exchange such pawns in your games. And, what's more, e4 and e3 are now desperately weak squares. Black's idea of exchanging light-squared bishops is even more logical and dangerous now.} 15... Bf5! 16. Qc2 Be4! 17. b5? {The game is over now. White invites so many black pieces into his camp. The knight goes to c4, along with future invasions on the c- and e-files. White is without counterplay. With careless advances, White simply gave Black full control over the centre.}  17... Bxd3 (17... Bxd3 18. bxc6 Qf5+)18. Qxd3 Na5 19. Ng3 Nc4 20. Bc1 (20. Nxd5 {is not good. After} 20... Nxd5 21. Qxc4 Ne3 22. Bxe3 Rxe3 {things are bad for White. There is no good place for the knight to retreat to and Black will keep the initiative with ...Rc8.}) 20... Rac8 {White cannot oppose the black occupation of light central squares. His position is hopeless.} 21. Ra2 Bf8 {Supporting the d5-pawn and freeing the d6-square for the knight.} 22. a4 {This leaves the b4-square without control, but what else is there to suggest for White…?} 22... Bb4 {Black would be happy to exchange the bishop for the knight – the e4-square will be easier to control.} 23. Nd1 Ne4 24. f5 {Trying to die for something... With some precise moves, Black eliminates all threats on the kingside.} 24... Nxg3 25. Qxg3 Bd6 26. Qf3 Be7 27. Qg3 Bf6! 28. Bxh6 28... Bxd4+ {The pawn on d4 is more important than the one on h6. See how Black invades on central squares. Very soon, a storm will break out in the centre.} 29. Kh1 f6! 30. Bc1 Re4 31. Qd3 Ne5 {If you follow games by such great masters, chess looks like a really simple game. Actually, it is sometimes. Dominate the centre and you will dominate all over the board.} 32. Qb1 Rc4 {Black used his last move to achieve full centralisation. At the same time, White regrouped his troops... to the first rank! Botvinnik convincingly realises his advantage.} 33. a5 Bc5 34. b6 a6 35. Nb2 Rc3 36. Bd2 Rb3 37. Qc2 {Not that many squares are available for the white pieces...} Qb5 38. Rc1 Bf8 39. Rd1 Re2 {Dominating in the centre gives you excellent prospects on both flanks. Botvinnik chooses the fastest way – he attacks White's king. White's cramped pieces on the queenside are of no help.} 40. Qc1 Rxh3+! 41. gxh3 d4 {A sad fate for White. Paralyzed pieces in open positions is not a common site. There is no way to prevent ...Qd5, with mate. White resigned. A terrible defeat. Recklessly advancing pawns, White invited the black pieces to comfortable central positions. The realisation of a big positional advantage should be carefully studied and it depicts Botvinnik's impressive technique.} 0-1",
    "input: Chapter 1: The Centre 33\n\n**Game 6**\n\nTal – Kochyev\nLeningrad 1977\n\n**1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4**\n**a6 5.** Nc3 Qc7 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. Be3\nNf6 8. 0-0\n\nPosition after: 12. Qd3!\n\nThe last move strengthens the centre\nand makes ...b4 useless.\n\n**12... Bb7?!**\n\n12... Qc7 was perhaps better. Black renews the motif of advancing ...b4. The\nwaste of time was not significant.\n\nPosition after: 8. 0-0\n\n**13. a4!**\n\n**8... Ne5!?**\n\n\nSimply an excellent move. Using the fact\nthat the queen is protected by the bpawn, White strikes. Black’s advance\n...b4 forces him to prematurely capture\non d3.\n\n**13... Qxd3 14. cxd3 b4 15. Nce2**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\nThis is the point. White’s pawns on d3\nand e4 restrict the black knight and b7bishop. They also perfectly fit with\nWhite’s minor pieces and will make for\na perfect shield for the king later on.\nBlack’s advanced queenside pawns are\nin trouble.\n\n\n8... b5 is considered more precise nowadays.\n\n**9. h3**\n\nWhite prevents the jump to g4.\n\n**9... b5 10. f4 Nc4 11. Bxc4**\n\nThe dark-squared bishop is a valuable\none.\n\n**11... Qxc4 12. Qd3!**\n\nTal was also an expert in positional\nchess. This game is confirmation.\n\n\n-----\n\n34 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\nPosition after: 15. Nce2\n\nWhite wants to occupy the important\na5-square with the knight, so Black\nwould be forced to advance the a-pawn,\nmaking it vulnerable. Also, Black is unable to open the position – any advance\nwill only create weaknesses. White will\ngain control over the c-file. And, most\nimportantly, White has a strong and\nharmonious formation in the centre,\nwhile Black has only exposed queenside\npawns. The diagnosis is evident – White\nis much better.\n\n**15... Bc5 16. Kf2!**\n\nProtecting the bishop, activating the\nking and supporting the centre.\n\n**16... d6 17. Nb3**\n\nVery simple, but still inspiring play from\nTal.\n\n**17... Bxe3+ 18. Kxe3 a5 19. Ned4**\n\nWhite’s centralised cavalry starts to\ndance. So many weak squares on the\nqueenside are on the menu.\n\n\nPosition after: 19. Ned4\n\n**19... Kd7 20. Rfc1 Rhc8**\n\nBoth sides have activated their troops.\nWhite must find a plan to grasp the initiative and reach some degree of harmony.\n\n**21. Nd2!**\n\nPosition after: 21. Nd2!\n\nAgain, a simple and strong solution.\nBlack's main weakness is the pawn on\na5. White regroups to place the knights\non b3 and c4.\n\nOnce you find the opponent's weakness, make it your target! Tal effectively\nuses his cavalry in this game.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 35\n\n\n**21... Ra6 22. Rxc8 Kxc8 23. N4b3**\n\n23. Nc4 leads to complications after\n23... d5 24. Ne5 dxe4 25. Rc1+\n\nPosition after: 25. Rc1+\n\n25... Kd8 [or 25... Kb8 26. Nec6+!\nBxc6 27. Nxc6+ Ka8 28. dxe4] 26.\nNxf7+ Ke8 27. Ng5 with an advantage\nfor White.\n\n**23... d5 24. Nc5**\n\nPosition after: 24. Nc5\n\n**24... Ra7**\n\n24... Rc6 25. Ndb3+–\n\n**25. Rc1**\n\n\nCompare White’s control over the centre to Black’s. From a strategical point of\nview, the game is already over. There\nare, of course, remaining technical issues that Tal has no problems with.\n\n**25... dxe4 26. dxe4 Kb8**\n\nPosition after: 26... Kb8\n\nHow to penetrate? How to attack the\nweakness on a5? Well, there is a simple\nsolution.\n\n**27. Nxb7**\n\nTal chooses the simplest and most direct way. Black’s pieces will get some\nactivity, but that is irrelevant.\n\n**27... Kxb7**\n\n27... Rxb7 28. Rc5 is even worse for\nBlack.\n\n**28. Rc5 Nd7 29. Rb5+ Kc8 30. Nc4**\nRc7 31. Kd4!\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Leningrad\"]\n[Site \"Leningrad\"]\n[Date \"1977.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Tal, Mikhail\"]\n[Black \"Kochyev, Alexander\"]\n[Result \"1-0\"]\n[ECO \"B23\"]\n[Annotator \"Commentary based on the provided text\"]\n[PlyCount \"62\"]\n[EventDate \"1977.??.??\"]\n\n1. e4 c5 2. Nf3 e6 3. d4 cxd4 4. Nxd4 a6 5. Nc3 Qc7 6. Bd3 Nc6 7. Be3 Nf6 8. O-O {Position after: 8. O-O} Ne5!? {This is the point. White's pawns on d3 and e4 restrict the black knight and b7-bishop. They also perfectly fit with White's minor pieces and will make for a perfect shield for the king later on. Black's advanced queenside pawns are in trouble.} (8... b5 {is considered more precise nowadays.}) 9. h3 {White prevents the jump to g4.} 9... b5 10. f4 Nc4 11. Bxc4 Qxc4 12. Qd3! {Tal was also an expert in positional chess. This game is confirmation. The last move strengthens the centre and makes ...b4 useless.} (12... Qc7 {was perhaps better. Black renews the motif of advancing ...b4. The waste of time was not significant.}) 12... Bb7?! 13. a4! {Simply an excellent move. Using the fact that the queen is protected by the b-pawn, White strikes. Black's advance ...b4 forces him to prematurely capture on d3.} Qxd3 14. cxd3 b4 15. Nce2 {This is the point. White's pawns on d3 and e4 restrict the black knight and b7-bishop. They also perfectly fit with White's minor pieces and will make for a perfect shield for the king later on. Black's advanced queenside pawns are in trouble.} Bc5 16. Kf2! {Protecting the bishop, activating the king and supporting the centre.} 16... d6 17. Nb3 {Very simple, but still inspiring play from Tal.} 17... Bxe3+ 18. Kxe3 a5 19. Ned4 {White's centralised cavalry starts to dance. So many weak squares on the queenside are on the menu.} Kd7 20. Rfc1 Rhc8 {Both sides have activated their troops. White must find a plan to grasp the initiative and reach some degree of harmony.} 21. Nd2! {Again, a simple and strong solution. Black's main weakness is the pawn on a5. White regroups to place the knights on b3 and c4. Once you find the opponent's weakness, make it your target! Tal effectively uses his cavalry in this game.} Ra6 22. Rxc8 Kxc8 23. N4b3 {White wants to occupy the important a5-square with the knight, so Black would be forced to advance the a-pawn, making it vulnerable. Also, Black is unable to open the position – any advance will only create weaknesses. White will gain control over the c-file. And, most importantly, White has a strong and harmonious formation in the centre, while Black has only exposed queenside pawns. The diagnosis is evident – White is much better.} (23. Nc4 {leads to complications after} 23... d5 24. Ne5 dxe4 25. Rc1+ {Position after: 25. Rc1+} (25... Kd8 (25... Kb8 26. Nec6+! Bxc6 27. Nxc6+ Ka8 28. dxe4) 26. Nxf7+ Ke8 27. Ng5 {with an advantage for White.})) 23... d5 24. Nc5 {Compare White’s control over the centre to Black’s. From a strategical point of view, the game is already over. There are, of course, remaining technical issues that Tal has no problems with.} (24... Rc6 25. Ndb3+-) 24... Ra7 25. Rc1 dxe4 26. dxe4 Kb8 {How to penetrate? How to attack the weakness on a5? Well, there is a simple solution.} 27. Nxb7 {Tal chooses the simplest and most direct way. Black’s pieces will get some activity, but that is irrelevant.} (27... Rxb7 28. Rc5 {is even worse for Black.}) 27... Kxb7 28. Rc5 Nd7 29. Rb5+ Kc8 30. Nc4 Rc7 31. Kd4! 1-0",
    "input: 18 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 e4 3. Nd4 Nc6 4. Nc2**\nBc5 5. Nc3 Nf6\n\nPosition after: 33. Ne3\n\nThe rest is simple.\n\nPosition after: 5... Nf6\n\n\n**33... b5 34. Nf5** Nb6 35. Nxh6 Nc4\n**36. Nf5 Kf7**\n\n36... Nxb2 37. h6 Kf7 38. h7+–\n\n**37. b3 Nd2+ 38. Ke3 Nf1+**\n\nBlack resigned without waiting for\nWhite to respond. The knight is trapped. A game won in typical “Karpovian”\nstyle. Centralisation and patient improving with fine realisation at the end.\nVery often he would leave opponents\nconfused after the game, desperately\nwanting to understand where they\nerred. No obvious mistakes – just superb Karpov style and technique.\n\n**1-0**\n\n**Game 3**\n\nReti – Nimzowitsch\nMarienbad 1925\n\n\nBoth sides played unconventionally, but\nnow the pawn setup starts to resemble\nthe French Defence, exchange variation\nstructure. It really looks like Black has\nno problems – White has spent time to\ntransfer the knight to c2.\n\n**6. d4 exd3 7. exd3 d5!**\n\nWhite wanted to gain some tempi by\nadvancing his d-pawn.\n\n**8. d4 Be7 9. c5**\n\nPosition after: 9. c5\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 19\n\n\n**9... Bf5**\n\nEvidently, Black will first activate his\ntroops. White must be wary of attacks\nwith ...b6. There is already the direct\nthreat to the d4-pawn.\n\n9... b6?! 10. Bb5 Bd7 11. 0-0 0-0\ndoesn't give Black anything. Nimzowitch\nmanaged to attack the white pawnchain in better fashion.\n\n**10. Bd3**\n\n10. Bb5 is another option. 10... 0-0 11.\nNe3 [11. Bxc6 bxc6 must be at least\ncomfortable for Black, or even slightly\nbetter.] 11... Bg6 12. 0-0 Qd7 is one of\nthe possible continuations. Black is doing perfectly fine.\n\n**10... Bxd3 11. Qxd3 b6!**\n\nPosition after: 11... b6!\n\nThe right moment!\n\n**12. 0-0**\n\n**A) 12. cxb6 axb6 is excellent for Black.**\n\n\n**B) 12. b4?! a5!**\n\nPosition after: 12... a5!\n\n13. a3 [13. b5? Nb4! and the white position collapses. Now the point of\nBlack's 9th move is clear – the queen is\nprovoked to the d3-square, and the\nknight jumps to b4 with tempo.] 13...\naxb4 14. axb4 Rxa1 15. Nxa1 bxc5 16.\nbxc5 Ne4 with good chances for Black.\n\n**12... 0-0 13. Bg5**\n\nPosition after: 13. Bg5\n\n**13... h6!**\n\n13... bxc5 14. dxc5 Ne5 15. Qg3 attacking the knight on e5, Black doesn't have\ntime to play ...c6, fixing the c5-pawn on\na dark square and supporting the strong\nd5-pawn.\n\n\n-----\n\n20 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**14. Bh4**\n\n14. Bxf6 Bxf6 was another option for\nWhite. Black’s position is very solid.\n\n**14... bxc5! 15. dxc5 Ne5**\n\nPosition after: 18. Nb4\n\n\nIntending to put that knight on d3, protecting c5 and blockading the passed dpawn. White understands the blockade\non d4 would not be efficient, and is\nready to establish it on d3. On the other\nhand, Black successfully finished development and already is slightly better.\nThe main factor for such an evaluation\nis White’s exposed pawn on c5, fixed on\na dark square. Black’s bishop will be\nmore dangerous. Even the black knights\ncan more easily find good squares. In a\nfew moves, Black’s pieces will dominate\nthe centre, while White’s pieces will be\nwithout harmony.\n\n**18... Rc8**\n\nBetter than to use the queen to protect\nc6. This rook will temporarily be a defender – the b8-square is controlled by\nthe bishop on g3. Meanwhile, the black\nqueen can be active, probably on a5.\n\n**19. h3?!**\n\nHow to punish White for this inaccuracy? Instead of taking care of Black's\n\n\nPosition after: 15... Ne5\n\n**16. Qd4**\n\n16. Qg3 Ng6! threatening ...Nh4 and\n...Ne4.\n\n**16... Ng6**\n\nAnd here is the point behind Black's\n13th move. The bishop on h4 is attacked\nand Black is able to support the pawn on\nd5!\n\n**17. Bg3**\n\n17. Bxf6 Bxf6 18. Qxd5 Bxc3 19.\nQxd8 Rfxd8 20. bxc3 Rd5 must be in\nBlack's favour. His rook on c5 will both\nattack the weak pawn on c3 and protect\nweak c7-pawn.\n\n**17... c6 18. Nb4**\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 21\n\n\n**22...** Qxa4 23. Nxa4 Ne4! 24. Bh2\nNe6\n\nPosition after: 24... Ne6\n\nPlease, remember this position. You can\nsee total disharmony in White's army.\nAnd full harmony in Black's. Take a look\nat the white knights, which must protect the weak pawn on c5, especially the\none on a4. At the same time, the black\nknights are placed perfectly, controlling\nthe entire centre. Notice, it is very useful to place knights and pawns on\nsquares of the same colour. Placing\nthem this way, you will control both\nlight and dark squares. Also, the pawns\ncan protect the knights. In our game,\nthe black knights are truly dominant,\nbut they would not be as dangerous\nwithout the support from the pawns.\nBlack is much better.\n\n**25. b4 Nd4!**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\nThere is a stormy dark cloud in the centre of the board.\n\n\ninitiative in the centre, White just ignored it. Well, let’s go for centralisation! Nimzowitsch convincingly increases the initiative, proving White\nmust play very precisely. He decided to\nimprove his centre, while increasing\nharmony and putting more pressure on\nthe c5-pawn.\n\n19. Nd3 was much better. The move\nplayed in the game is just a waste of\ntime. Black would never go for ...Nh5.\n\n**19... Re8! 20. Rad1 Nf8! 21. Nd3**\n\nPosition after: 21. Nd3\n\n**21... Qa5**\n\n21... Ne6 was natural and also a very\ngood move. But, Nimzowitsch decided\nto give White the chance to exchange\nqueens.\n\n**22. Qa4**\n\n22. b4? Qa3! and after ...Ne6, Black\nwould destroy the white pawn structure\nby playing ...a5.\n\n\n-----\n\n22 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\nA blunder. But, it is evident that Black\nwas much better.\n\n**27...** Rxe5 28. Nxe5 Bxf2+ 29. Kf1\nBxe1 30. Rxd4\n\n30. Rxe1 Nc2–+\n\n**30... Bg3! 31. Nf3**\n\nPosition after: 25... Nd4!\n\n**26. Rfe1**\n\nRenewing the threat of f2-f3.\n\n26. f3 is prevented. Black wins after 26...\nNe2+ 27. Kh1 N4g3+.\n\n**26... Bh4**\n\nPosition after: 31. Nf3\n\n**31... Re8!**\n\nKeeping the white king in a prison while\nthreatening mate on e1.\n\n**32. Rd1 Re6**\n\n\nWith the idea to play ...Ng5 and then\npenetrate with ...Rf6–...Rf2.\n\n**33. Rc1 Kf8**\n\nWhite’s position is hopeless. Black patiently activates his king.\n\n**34. Nc3 Nxc3 35. Rxc3 Re4 36. a3**\n\n\nPosition after: 26... Bh4\n\nHe who dominates in the centre can\nplay on the flanks. The text move keeps\nthe knight on e4 active and puts pressure on the f2-pawn.\n\n**27. Be5?**\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 23\n\n\n36. b5 cxb5 37. c6 Rc4–+\n\n**36... Ke8 37. Rd3 a6 38. Rd4**\n\nPosition after: 38. Rd4\n\nWhite desperately wants to get rid of\nBlack’s ultra-active pieces. But simplifications are in Black's favour - he has an\nextra pawn.\n\n**38... f5!**\n\nA demonstration of power.\n\n**39. a4 Kd7 40. b5 axb5 41. axb5 cxb5!**\n**42. Rxd5+**\n\nPosition after: 42. Rxd5+\n\n\nIt looks like White has achieved a lot. He\nreduced the material on the board and\nactivated his rook... but, there is one\nproblem – he cannot capture on f5.\n\n**42... Kc6 43. Rd4**\n\n43. Rxf5 b4 44. Rf8 b3 45. Rd8 b2 46.\nRd1 Rc4 47. Nd2 Rc2 wins easily.\n\n**43... Kxc5 44. Rxe4 fxe4 45. Nd2**\n\nPosition after: 45. Nd2\n\nThe rest is a matter of technique. Not a\nproblem for a master such as Nimzowitsch.\n\n**45... Kd4 46. Ke2 Bf4 47. Nb3+ Kc4**\n**48.** Na5+ Kc3 49. Nb7 b4 50. Nc5\nKc2 51. g3 Bxg3\n\nWhite resigned. One of the most illustrative games ever on the topic of\ncentralisation and harmony. A masterpiece by the great Aron.\n\n**0-1**\n\n\n-----",
    "output: [Event \"Marienbad\"]\n[Site \"Marienbad\"]\n[Date \"1925.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Reti, Richard\"]\n[Black \"Nimzowitsch, Aron\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n[ECO \"B23\"]\n[Annotator \"Commentary based on the provided text\"]\n[PlyCount \"102\"]\n[EventDate \"1925.??.??\"]\n\n1. c4 e5 2. Nf3 e4 3. Nd4 Nc6 4. Nc2 Bc5 5. Nc3 Nf6 {Both sides played unconventionally, but now the pawn setup starts to resemble the French Defence, exchange variation structure. It really looks like Black has no problems – White has spent time to transfer the knight to c2.} 6. d4 exd3 7. exd3 d5 $1 {White wanted to gain some tempi by advancing his d-pawn.} 8. d4 Be7 9. c5 {Position after: 9. c5} Bf5 {Evidently, Black will first activate his troops. White must be wary of attacks with ...b6. There is already the direct threat to the d4-pawn.} (9... b6?! 10. Bb5 Bd7 11. O-O O-O {doesn't give Black anything. Nimzowitsch managed to attack the white pawnchain in better fashion.}) 10. Bd3 (10. Bb5 {is another option.} 10... O-O 11. Ne3 (11. Bxc6 bxc6 {must be at least comfortable for Black, or even slightly better.}) 11... Bg6 12. O-O Qd7 {is one of the possible continuations. Black is doing perfectly fine.}) 10... Bxd3 11. Qxd3 b6 $1 {The right moment!} 12. O-O (12. cxb6 axb6 {is excellent for Black.}) (12. b4?! a5! {Position after: 12... a5!} 13. a3 (13. b5? Nb4! {and the white position collapses. Now the point of Black's 9th move is clear - the queen is provoked to the d3-square, and the knight jumps to b4 with tempo.}) 13... axb4 14. axb4 Rxa1 15. Nxa1 bxc5 16. bxc5 Ne4 {with good chances for Black.}) 12... O-O 13. Bg5 h6 $1 (13... bxc5 14. dxc5 Ne5 15. Qg3 {attacking the knight on e5, Black doesn't have time to play ...c6, fixing the c5-pawn on a dark square and supporting the strong d5-pawn.}) 14. Bh4 (14. Bxf6 Bxf6 {was another option for White. Black's position is very solid.}) 14... bxc5 $1 15. dxc5 Ne5 {Intending to put that knight on d3, protecting c5 and blockading the passed d-pawn. White understands the blockade on d4 would not be efficient, and is ready to establish it on d3. On the other hand, Black successfully finished development and already is slightly better. The main factor for such an evaluation is White's exposed pawn on c5, fixed on a dark square. Black's bishop will be more dangerous. Even the black knights can more easily find good squares. In a few moves, Black's pieces will dominate the centre, while White's pieces will be without harmony.} 16. Qd4 (16. Qg3 Ng6! {threatening ...Nh4 and ...Ne4.}) 16... Ng6 {And here is the point behind Black's 13th move. The bishop on h4 is attacked and Black is able to support the pawn on d5!} 17. Bg3 (17. Bxf6 Bxf6 18. Qxd5 Bxc3 19. Qxd8 Rfxd8 20. bxc3 Rd5 {must be in Black's favour. His rook on c5 will both attack the weak pawn on c3 and protect weak c7-pawn.}) 17... c6 18. Nb4 Rc8 {Better than to use the queen to protect c6. This rook will temporarily be a defender - the b8-square is controlled by the bishop on g3. Meanwhile, the black queen can be active, probably on a5.} 19. h3?! {How to punish White for this inaccuracy? Instead of taking care of Black's initiative in the centre, White just ignored it. Well, let's go for centralisation! Nimzowitsch convincingly increases the initiative, proving White must play very precisely. He decided to improve his centre, while increasing harmony and putting more pressure on the c5-pawn.} (19. Nd3 {was much better. The move played in the game is just a waste of time. Black would never go for ...Nh5.}) 19... Re8 $1 20. Rad1 Nf8 $1 21. Nd3 Qa5 (21... Ne6 {was natural and also a very good move. But, Nimzowitsch decided to give White the chance to exchange queens.}) 22. Qa4 (22. b4? Qa3! {and after ...Ne6, Black would destroy the white pawn structure by playing ...a5.}) 22... Qxa4 23. Nxa4 Ne4! 24. Bh2 Ne6 {Please, remember this position. You can see total disharmony in White's army. And full harmony in Black's. Take a look at the white knights, which must protect the weak pawn on c5, especially the one on a4. At the same time, the black knights are placed perfectly, controlling the entire centre. Notice, it is very useful to place knights and pawns on squares of the same colour. Placing them this way, you will control both light and dark squares. Also, the pawns can protect the knights. In our game, the black knights are truly dominant, but they would not be as dangerous without the support from the pawns. Black is much better.} 25. b4 Nd4! {There is a stormy dark cloud in the centre of the board.} 26. Rfe1 {Renewing the threat of f2-f3.} (26. f3 {is prevented. Black wins after} Ne2+ 27. Kh1 N4g3+) 26... Bh4 {He who dominates in the centre can play on the flanks. The text move keeps the knight on e4 active and puts pressure on the f2-pawn.} 27. Be5? {A blunder. But, it is evident that Black was much better.} Rxe5 28. Nxe5 Bxf2+ 29. Kf1 Bxe1 30. Rxd4 (30. Rxe1 Nc2-+) 30... Bg3 $1 31. Nf3 Re8 $1 {Keeping the white king in a prison while threatening mate on e1.} 32. Rd1 Re6 33. Rc1 Kf8 34. Nc3 Nxc3 35. Rxc3 Re4 36. a3 (36. b5 cxb5 37. c6 Rc4) 36... Ke8 37. Rd3 a6 38. Rd4 f5! 39. a4 Kd7 40. b5 axb5 41. axb5 cxb5 42. Rxd5+ {It looks like White has achieved a lot. He reduced the material on the board and activated his rook... but, there is one problem – he cannot capture on f5.} Kc6 43. Rd4 (43. Rxf5 b4 44. Rf8 b3 45. Rd8 b2 46. Rd1 Rc4 47. Nd2 Rc2 {wins easily.}) 43... Kxc5 44. Rxe4 fxe4 45. Nd2 {The rest is a matter of technique. Not a problem for a master such as Nimzowitsch.}Kd4 46. Ke2 Bf4 47. Nb3+ Kc4 48. Na5+ Kc3 49. Nb7 b4 50. Nc5 Kc2 51. g3 Bxg3 {White resigned. One of the most illustrative games ever on the topic of centralisation and harmony. A masterpiece by the great Aron.} 0-1",
    "input: 24 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**Game 4**\n\nBogoljubow – Reti\nMoravska Ostrava 1923\n\n**1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3.** Nc3 Nf6 4. e5\nNfd7 5. Qg4?!\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 7... Nc6\n\nWith his next manoeuvre, White neglects the centre and gives away full\ncontrol to his opponent.\n\n**8. Nd6+?**\n\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-2.png)\n\n8. Bf4 was a better option, although\nBlack’s position is already preferable.\n\n**8... Bxd6 9. Qxg7**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-8.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-23-9.png)\n\nPosition after: 9. Qxg7\n\n**9... Bxe5?**\n\nBlack returns the favour. But, this mistake is simply miscalculation or... no calculation at all. Knowing Richard Reti,\n\n\nPosition after: 5. Qg4?!\n\nA dubious move, although still playable.\nThe problem is that White connected it\nwith a bad plan.\n\n**5... c5**\n\nOf course, Black strikes in the centre.\nThis natural reflex is even better due to\nWhite's diversion on his last move.\n\n**6. Nb5 cxd4 7. Nf3 Nc6**\n\nBlack did not make a single imprecise\nmove, so White must not go for a \"winning immediately\" approach. There is\nrarely a punishment for an opponent\nthat has played normal and healthy\nmoves.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 25\n\n\nsuch a fine positional player, we can\nsuppose that he was dedicated to solving problems in the centre, probably\nomitting to search for a direct win.\n\n9... Bb4+ led to a fairly easy win after\n10. c3 dxc3 11. Qxh8+ Nf8 12. Kd1\ncxb2 13. Bxb2 Qb6.\n\nPosition after: 13... Qb6\n\nHaving near material balance (a pawn\nfor an exchange is not a significant deficit) and superior activity with such a\nnaked White king, Black will reach an\nabsolutely winning position. White’s\npieces are undeveloped and scattered\nand defeat is inevitable.\n\n**10. Nxe5 Qf6 11. Qxf6 Nxf6**\n\nPosition after: 11... Nxf6\n\n\nBlack temporarily has an extra pawn\nand White needs some time to return\nmaterial. His advantage of the bishop\npair should not be significant, because\nof the dangerous black pawn avalanche\nin the centre. A strong central pawn\nformation is a more important positional factor and Black is already a bit\nbetter.\n\n**12. Bb5 Bd7 13. Nf3 Ne4**\n\nCentralising a piece and preparing the\nadvance of central pawns.\n\n13... Nb4 was also a very good move,\nperhaps an even better one. Black immediately puts pressure on the c2-pawn\nand forces White to exchange bishops.\n\n**14. 0-0**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-24-10.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-24-11.png)\n\nPosition after: 14. 0-0\n\n**14... f6!**\n\nA good move, preparing to gain space in\nthe centre. 14... a6 forces White to take\non c6, but this will be a waste of time.\n\n\n-----\n\n26 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n\n**18. f3 Nd6 19. b3 e5**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-25-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 19... e5\n\nAs a result of the risky (and bad) excursion of the white knight, Black is better.\nWhite has no more bishop pair, and the\nblack pawn centre looks strong and impressive. Also, Black has more space,\nbetter piece centralisation and the better bishop.\n\nNote: do not think Black has all that advantage randomly. No, usually one advantage leads to another... White has\nproblems in finishing development, and\neven after finishing it there will be a lack\nof harmony in his camp due to a lack of\nspace.\n\n**20. Ba3 Rac8**\n\nThat rook, of course. Black predicts the\nother rook will probably be needed on\nthe d-file, in order to prepare advancing\nthe pawns.\n\n**21. Rad1 d4**\n\n_(see diagram next page)_\n\n\nThe text move is better, because it also\nforces White to take on c6 and must be\nplayed to prepare ...e5.\n\n**15. Bxc6 bxc6**\n\nThat move should be preferred – Black's\navalanche in the centre looks even\nmore impressive now.\n\n**16. Nxd4**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-25-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 16. Nxd4\n\n**16... c5**\n\nThis is the more precise attack on the\nknight. The move ...e5 is unstoppable as\nwell.\n\n16... e5 allows White to fight for the c5square after 17. Nb3.\n\n**17. Ne2 Kf7**\n\nThere are many good moves here. Black\nchose this one, it is a matter of style...\n\nOf course, other good options include\n17... e5, 17... Rc8, 17... Rb8, 17... Rg8.\n\n\n-----\n\nChapter 1: The Centre 27\n\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-26-2.png)\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-26-6.png)\n\nPosition after: 21... d4\n\nPlease, remember the following quote:\n“pawns and knights should stay on\nsquares of the same colour, and bishops\non opposite ones.”\n\nTake a look at the black central pawns\nand minor pieces – there is full harmony! All central squares are perfectly\ncovered! Now, imagine the black knight\nand bishop swapping places – instead of\nharmony there would only be lightsquared weaknesses!\n\n**22. Nc1 Nf5**\n\nBlack found a target, the c2-pawn.\n\n**23. Rf2 Ne3 24. Re1 c4**\n\n24... Bf5 was also a good move, but still\nthe text move should be preferred.\n\n**25. b4**\n\nOnly one brief look at the position is\nenough to reach an evaluation – White\nis hopeless.\n\n\nPosition after: 25. b4\n\nHis pieces are cramped while Black’s\npieces dominate, together with the central pawns. Here, Black found a beautiful manoeuvre...\n\n**25... Ba4 26. Ree2 Nd1 27. Rf1 Nc3**\n**28. Ref2 Nb1?**\n\n... but, executed it poorly. He missed\nWhite's 30th move.\n\n28... Nb5 29. Bb2 c3 30. Ba1 would\nwin easily – White plays without a\nbishop.\n\n**29. Bb2 c3**\n\nPosition after: 29... c3\n\n\n-----\n\n28 Fundamental Chess Strategy in 100 Games\n\n**30. Nb3**\n\nThis move delays resignation. Black is\nforced to find more good moves to convert.\n\n**30... Bxb3! 31. axb3**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-27-6.png)\n\n31. Rxb1 Bxa2 32. Ra1 cxb2–+\n\nPosition after: 41... Kd4\n\n\n**31... Nd2 32. Re1 Rhd8! 33. Bc1 d3!**\n**34. cxd3 Rxd3**\n\n![](./images/8234.pdf-27-2.png)\n\nPosition after: 34... Rxd3\n\nAfter a series of active black moves,\nWhite is close to resignation.\n\n**35. Bxd2 Rxd2**\n\nTaking with the pawn was also winning.\nBlack transposes to a trivial endgame –\nthe rook behind the passed-pawn decides the game.\n\n**36. Ra1 Ke6 37. Kf1 Rxf2+ 38. Kxf2**\n**c2 39.** Rc1 Kd5 40. Ke3 Rc3+ 41.\nKd2 Kd4\n\n\nWhite is in some kind of zugzwang.\nBlack’s king will inevitably collect the\nwhite kingside pawns, with a win to follow.\n\n**42. h4 Rd3+**\n\nWhite resigned. A terrible defeat. Never\nforget about the centre and never go for\na flank attack if your centre is not secured. White’s centre simply collapsed\nin this game after his 8th move. Afterwards, White could not get control back\nover the centre and the punishment\nwas well deserved.\n\n**0-1**\n\n**Game 5**\n\nStolberg – Botvinnik\nMoscow 1940\n\n**1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3**\n**0-0 5. Bd3 d5 6. Nge2**",
    "output: [Event \"Moravska Ostrava\"]\n[Site \"Moravska Ostrava\"]\n[Date \"1923.??.??\"]\n[Round \"?\"]\n[White \"Bogoljubow, Efim\"]\n[Black \"Reti, Richard\"]\n[Result \"0-1\"]\n[ECO \"C02\"]\n[Annotator \"Commentary based on the provided text\"]\n[PlyCount \"84\"]\n[EventDate \"1923.??.??\"]\n\n1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nc3 Nf6 4. e5 Nfd7 5. Qg4?! {A dubious move, although still playable. The problem is that White connected it with a bad plan.} c5 {Of course, Black strikes in the centre. This natural reflex is even better due to White's diversion on his last move.} 6. Nb5 cxd4 7. Nf3 Nc6 {Black did not make a single imprecise move, so White must not go for a \"winning immediately\" approach. There is rarely a punishment for an opponent that has played normal and healthy moves. With his next manoeuvre, White neglects the centre and gives away full control to his opponent.} 8. Nd6+? (8. Bf4 {was a better option, although Black's position is already preferable.}) 8... Bxd6 9. Qxg7 Bxe5? {Black returns the favor. But, this mistake is simply miscalculation or... no calculation at all. Knowing Richard Reti, such a fine positional player, we can suppose that he was dedicated to solving problems in the centre, probably omitting to search for a direct win.} (9... Bb4+ {led to a fairly easy win after} 10. c3 dxc3 11. Qxh8+ Nf8 12. Kd1 cxb2 13. Bxb2 Qb6 {Having near material balance (a pawn for an exchange is not a significant deficit) and superior activity with such a naked White king, Black will reach an absolutely winning position. White's pieces are undeveloped and scattered and defeat is inevitable.}) 10. Nxe5 Qxf6 11. Qxf6 Nxf6 {Black temporarily has an extra pawn and White needs some time to return material. His advantage of the bishop pair should not be significant, because of the dangerous black pawn avalanche in the centre. A strong central pawn formation is a more important positional factor and Black is already a bit better.} 12. Bb5 Bd7 13. Nf3 Ne4 {Centralising a piece and preparing the advance of central pawns.} (13... Nb4 {was also a very good move, perhaps an even better one. Black immediately puts pressure on the c2-pawn and forces White to exchange bishops.}) 14. O-O f6! {A good move, preparing to gain space in the centre.} (14... a6 {forces White to take on c6, but this will be a waste of time. The text move is better, because it also forces White to take on c6 and must be played to prepare ...e5.}) 15. Bxc6 bxc6 {That move should be preferred - Black's avalanche in the centre looks even more impressive now.} 16. Nxd4 c5 {This is the more precise attack on the knight. The move ...e5 is unstoppable as well.} (16... e5 {allows White to fight for the c5-square after} 17. Nb3) 17. Ne2 Kf7 {There are many good moves here. Black chose this one, it is a matter of style... Of course, other good options include 17... e5, 17... Rc8, 17... Rb8, 17... Rg8.} 18. f3 Nd6 19. b3 e5 {As a result of the risky (and bad) excursion of the white knight, Black is better. White has no more bishop pair, and the black pawn centre looks strong and impressive. Also, Black has more space, better piece centralisation and the better bishop. Note: do not think Black has all that advantage randomly. No, usually one advantage leads to another... White has problems in finishing development, and even after finishing it there will be a lack of harmony in his camp due to a lack of space.} 20. Ba3 Rac8 {That rook, of course. Black predicts the other rook will probably be needed on the d-file, in order to prepare advancing the pawns.} 21. Rad1 d4 {Please, remember the following quote: \"pawns and knights should stay on squares of the same color, and bishops on opposite ones.\" Take a look at the black central pawns and minor pieces – there is full harmony! All central squares are perfectly covered! Now, imagine the black knight and bishop swapping places – instead of harmony there would only be light-squared weaknesses! } 22. Nc1 Nf5 {Black found a target, the c2-pawn.} 23. Rf2 Ne3 24. Re1 c4 (24... Bf5 {was also a good move, but still the text move should be preferred.}) 25. b4 {Only one brief look at the position is enough to reach an evaluation - White is hopeless. His pieces are cramped while Black's pieces dominate, together with the central pawns. Here, Black found a beautiful manoeuvre...} Ba4 26. Ree2 Nd1 27. Rf1 Nc3 28. Ref2 Nb1? {... but, executed it poorly. He missed White's 30th move.} (28... Nb5 29. Bb2 c3 30. Ba1 {would win easily – White plays without a bishop.}) 29. Bb2 c3 30. Nb3 {This move delays resignation. Black is forced to find more good moves to convert.} 30... Bxb3! 31. axb3 (31. Rxb1 Bxa2 32. Ra1 cxb2+-) 31... Nd2 32. Re1 Rhd8! 33. Bc1 d3! 34. cxd3 Rxd3 {After a series of active black moves, White is close to resignation.} 35. Bxd2 Rxd2 {Taking with the pawn was also winning. Black transposes to a trivial endgame – the rook behind the passed-pawn decides the game.} 36. Ra1 Ke6 37. Kf1 Rxf2+ 38. Kxf2 c2 39. Rc1 Kd5 40. Ke3 Rc3+ 41. Kd2 Kd4 {White is in some kind of zugzwang. Black's king will inevitably collect the white kingside pawns, with a win to follow.} 42. h4 Rd3+ {White resigned. A terrible defeat. Never forget about the centre and never go for a flank attack if your centre is not secured. White's centre simply collapsed in this game after his 8th move. Afterwards, White could not get control back over the centre and the punishment was well deserved.} 0-1",
    f"input: {input_game_md}",
    "output: ",
    ]
    return variation_prompt