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app.py
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# Authors: Jona Sassenhagen
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# License: BSD 3 clause
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import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
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import numpy as np
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from sklearn.decomposition import FactorAnalysis, PCA
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from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler
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from sklearn.datasets import load_iris
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import gradio as gr
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from matplotlib import style
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plt.switch_backend("agg")
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style.use('ggplot')
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font1 = {'family':'DejaVu Sans','color':'#2563EB','size': 14}
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#load and transform the data
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data = load_iris()
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X = StandardScaler().fit_transform(data["data"])
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feature_names = data["feature_names"]
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methods = {
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"PCA": PCA(),
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"Unrotated FA": FactorAnalysis(),
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"Varimax FA": FactorAnalysis(rotation="varimax")
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}
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def factor_analysis(method):
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#figure1
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fig1, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(10, 6), facecolor='none', dpi = 200)
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im = ax.imshow(np.corrcoef(X.T), cmap="Spectral", vmin=-1, vmax=1)
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ax.set_xticks([0, 1, 2, 3])
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ax.set_xticklabels(list(feature_names),
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rotation=90, fontdict = font1)
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ax.set_yticks([0, 1, 2, 3])
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ax.set_yticklabels(list(feature_names), fontdict = font1)
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plt.grid(False)
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plt.colorbar(im).ax.tick_params()
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ax.set_title("Iris feature correlation matrix",
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fontdict=font1, size = 18,
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color = "white", pad = 20,
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bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.3",
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color = "#2563EB"))
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plt.tight_layout()
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plt.close('all')
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n_comps = 2
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#figure2
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fig2, axs = plt.subplots(figsize=(8, 5), facecolor='none', dpi = 200)
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plt.grid(False)
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fa = methods[method]
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fa.set_params(n_components=n_comps)
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fa.fit(X)
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components = fa.components_
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vmax = np.abs(components).max()
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axs.imshow(components, cmap="Spectral", vmax=vmax, vmin=-vmax)
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axs.set_xticks(np.arange(len(feature_names)))
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axs.set_xticklabels(feature_names, fontdict=font1)
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axs.set_title(method,
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fontdict=font1, size = 18,
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color = "white", pad = 20,
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bbox=dict(boxstyle="round,pad=0.3",
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color = "#2563EB"))
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axs.set_yticks([0, 1])
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axs.set_yticklabels(["Comp. 1", "Comp. 2"], fontdict=font1)
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plt.tight_layout()
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plt.close('all')
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return fig1, fig2, components
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intro = """<h1 style="text-align: center;">🤗 <strong>Factor Analysis (with rotation) to visualize patterns</strong> 🤗</h1>
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"""
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desc = """<h3 style="text-align: left;"> Investigating the Iris dataset, we see that sepal length, petal length and petal width are highly correlated.
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Sepal width is less redundant. Matrix decomposition techniques can uncover these latent patterns.
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<br><br>Applying rotations to the resulting components does not inherently improve the predictive value of the derived latent space,
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but can help visualise their structure; here, for example, the varimax rotation,
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which is found by maximizing the squared variances of the weights,
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finds a structure where the second component only loads positively on sepal width.
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<br></h3>
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"""
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made ="""<div style="text-align: center;">
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<p>Made with ❤</p>"""
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link = """<div style="text-align: center;">
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<a href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/decomposition/plot_varimax_fa.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-decomposition-plot-varimax-fa-py" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">
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Demo is based on this script from scikit-learn documentation</a>"""
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with gr.Blocks(theme=gr.themes.Soft(primary_hue="blue",
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secondary_hue="sky",
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neutral_hue="neutral",
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font = gr.themes.GoogleFont("Roboto")),
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title="Factor-Analysis-with-rotation") as demo:
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gr.HTML(intro)
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gr.HTML(desc)
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method = gr.Radio(["PCA", "Unrotated FA", "Varimax FA"], label = "Choose method to show on the plot:", value = "PCA")
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with gr.Box():
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with gr.Column():
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components = gr.Dataframe(headers= feature_names,label = "Loadings")
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with gr.Row():
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fig1 = gr.Plot(label="Plot covariance of Iris features")
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fig2 = gr.Plot(label="Factor analysis")
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method.change(fn=factor_analysis, inputs=method, outputs=[fig1, fig2, components])
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demo.load(fn=factor_analysis, inputs=method, outputs=[fig1, fig2, components])
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gr.HTML(made)
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gr.HTML(link)
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demo.launch()
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