Spaces:
Paused
Paused
| <html> | |
| <head> | |
| <title>maths.md</title> | |
| <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content="text/html;charset=UTF-8"> | |
| <style> | |
| /* https://github.com/microsoft/vscode/blob/master/extensions/markdown-language-features/media/markdown.css */ | |
| /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | |
| * Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. | |
| * Licensed under the MIT License. See License.txt in the project root for license information. | |
| *--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/ | |
| body { | |
| font-family: var(--vscode-markdown-font-family, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe WPC", "Segoe UI", "Ubuntu", "Droid Sans", sans-serif); | |
| font-size: var(--vscode-markdown-font-size, 14px); | |
| padding: 0 26px; | |
| line-height: var(--vscode-markdown-line-height, 22px); | |
| word-wrap: break-word; | |
| } | |
| #code-csp-warning { | |
| position: fixed; | |
| top: 0; | |
| right: 0; | |
| color: white; | |
| margin: 16px; | |
| text-align: center; | |
| font-size: 12px; | |
| font-family: sans-serif; | |
| background-color:#444444; | |
| cursor: pointer; | |
| padding: 6px; | |
| box-shadow: 1px 1px 1px rgba(0,0,0,.25); | |
| } | |
| #code-csp-warning:hover { | |
| text-decoration: none; | |
| background-color:#007acc; | |
| box-shadow: 2px 2px 2px rgba(0,0,0,.25); | |
| } | |
| body.scrollBeyondLastLine { | |
| margin-bottom: calc(100vh - 22px); | |
| } | |
| body.showEditorSelection .code-line { | |
| position: relative; | |
| } | |
| body.showEditorSelection .code-active-line:before, | |
| body.showEditorSelection .code-line:hover:before { | |
| content: ""; | |
| display: block; | |
| position: absolute; | |
| top: 0; | |
| left: -12px; | |
| height: 100%; | |
| } | |
| body.showEditorSelection li.code-active-line:before, | |
| body.showEditorSelection li.code-line:hover:before { | |
| left: -30px; | |
| } | |
| .vscode-light.showEditorSelection .code-active-line:before { | |
| border-left: 3px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-light.showEditorSelection .code-line:hover:before { | |
| border-left: 3px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.40); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-light.showEditorSelection .code-line .code-line:hover:before { | |
| border-left: none; | |
| } | |
| .vscode-dark.showEditorSelection .code-active-line:before { | |
| border-left: 3px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-dark.showEditorSelection .code-line:hover:before { | |
| border-left: 3px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.60); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-dark.showEditorSelection .code-line .code-line:hover:before { | |
| border-left: none; | |
| } | |
| .vscode-high-contrast.showEditorSelection .code-active-line:before { | |
| border-left: 3px solid rgba(255, 160, 0, 0.7); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-high-contrast.showEditorSelection .code-line:hover:before { | |
| border-left: 3px solid rgba(255, 160, 0, 1); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-high-contrast.showEditorSelection .code-line .code-line:hover:before { | |
| border-left: none; | |
| } | |
| img { | |
| max-width: 100%; | |
| max-height: 100%; | |
| } | |
| a { | |
| text-decoration: none; | |
| } | |
| a:hover { | |
| text-decoration: underline; | |
| } | |
| a:focus, | |
| input:focus, | |
| select:focus, | |
| textarea:focus { | |
| outline: 1px solid -webkit-focus-ring-color; | |
| outline-offset: -1px; | |
| } | |
| hr { | |
| border: 0; | |
| height: 2px; | |
| border-bottom: 2px solid; | |
| } | |
| h1 { | |
| padding-bottom: 0.3em; | |
| line-height: 1.2; | |
| border-bottom-width: 1px; | |
| border-bottom-style: solid; | |
| } | |
| h1, h2, h3 { | |
| font-weight: normal; | |
| } | |
| table { | |
| border-collapse: collapse; | |
| } | |
| table > thead > tr > th { | |
| text-align: left; | |
| border-bottom: 1px solid; | |
| } | |
| table > thead > tr > th, | |
| table > thead > tr > td, | |
| table > tbody > tr > th, | |
| table > tbody > tr > td { | |
| padding: 5px 10px; | |
| } | |
| table > tbody > tr + tr > td { | |
| border-top: 1px solid; | |
| } | |
| blockquote { | |
| margin: 0 7px 0 5px; | |
| padding: 0 16px 0 10px; | |
| border-left-width: 5px; | |
| border-left-style: solid; | |
| } | |
| code { | |
| font-family: Menlo, Monaco, Consolas, "Droid Sans Mono", "Courier New", monospace, "Droid Sans Fallback"; | |
| font-size: 1em; | |
| line-height: 1.357em; | |
| } | |
| body.wordWrap pre { | |
| white-space: pre-wrap; | |
| } | |
| pre:not(.hljs), | |
| pre.hljs code > div { | |
| padding: 16px; | |
| border-radius: 3px; | |
| overflow: auto; | |
| } | |
| pre code { | |
| color: var(--vscode-editor-foreground); | |
| tab-size: 4; | |
| } | |
| /** Theming */ | |
| .vscode-light pre { | |
| background-color: rgba(220, 220, 220, 0.4); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-dark pre { | |
| background-color: rgba(10, 10, 10, 0.4); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-high-contrast pre { | |
| background-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-high-contrast h1 { | |
| border-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-light table > thead > tr > th { | |
| border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.69); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-dark table > thead > tr > th { | |
| border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.69); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-light h1, | |
| .vscode-light hr, | |
| .vscode-light table > tbody > tr + tr > td { | |
| border-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.18); | |
| } | |
| .vscode-dark h1, | |
| .vscode-dark hr, | |
| .vscode-dark table > tbody > tr + tr > td { | |
| border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18); | |
| } | |
| </style> | |
| <style> | |
| /* Tomorrow Theme */ | |
| /* http://jmblog.github.com/color-themes-for-google-code-highlightjs */ | |
| /* Original theme - https://github.com/chriskempson/tomorrow-theme */ | |
| /* Tomorrow Comment */ | |
| .hljs-comment, | |
| .hljs-quote { | |
| color: #8e908c; | |
| } | |
| /* Tomorrow Red */ | |
| .hljs-variable, | |
| .hljs-template-variable, | |
| .hljs-tag, | |
| .hljs-name, | |
| .hljs-selector-id, | |
| .hljs-selector-class, | |
| .hljs-regexp, | |
| .hljs-deletion { | |
| color: #c82829; | |
| } | |
| /* Tomorrow Orange */ | |
| .hljs-number, | |
| .hljs-built_in, | |
| .hljs-builtin-name, | |
| .hljs-literal, | |
| .hljs-type, | |
| .hljs-params, | |
| .hljs-meta, | |
| .hljs-link { | |
| color: #f5871f; | |
| } | |
| /* Tomorrow Yellow */ | |
| .hljs-attribute { | |
| color: #eab700; | |
| } | |
| /* Tomorrow Green */ | |
| .hljs-string, | |
| .hljs-symbol, | |
| .hljs-bullet, | |
| .hljs-addition { | |
| color: #718c00; | |
| } | |
| /* Tomorrow Blue */ | |
| .hljs-title, | |
| .hljs-section { | |
| color: #4271ae; | |
| } | |
| /* Tomorrow Purple */ | |
| .hljs-keyword, | |
| .hljs-selector-tag { | |
| color: #8959a8; | |
| } | |
| .hljs { | |
| display: block; | |
| overflow-x: auto; | |
| color: #4d4d4c; | |
| padding: 0.5em; | |
| } | |
| .hljs-emphasis { | |
| font-style: italic; | |
| } | |
| .hljs-strong { | |
| font-weight: bold; | |
| } | |
| </style> | |
| <style> | |
| /* | |
| * Markdown PDF CSS | |
| */ | |
| body { | |
| font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe WPC", "Segoe UI", "Ubuntu", "Droid Sans", sans-serif, "Meiryo"; | |
| padding: 0 12px; | |
| } | |
| pre { | |
| background-color: #f8f8f8; | |
| border: 1px solid #cccccc; | |
| border-radius: 3px; | |
| overflow-x: auto; | |
| white-space: pre-wrap; | |
| overflow-wrap: break-word; | |
| } | |
| pre:not(.hljs) { | |
| padding: 23px; | |
| line-height: 19px; | |
| } | |
| blockquote { | |
| background: rgba(127, 127, 127, 0.1); | |
| border-color: rgba(0, 122, 204, 0.5); | |
| } | |
| .emoji { | |
| height: 1.4em; | |
| } | |
| code { | |
| font-size: 14px; | |
| line-height: 19px; | |
| } | |
| /* for inline code */ | |
| :not(pre):not(.hljs) > code { | |
| color: #C9AE75; /* Change the old color so it seems less like an error */ | |
| font-size: inherit; | |
| } | |
| /* Page Break : use <div class="page"/> to insert page break | |
| -------------------------------------------------------- */ | |
| .page { | |
| page-break-after: always; | |
| } | |
| </style> | |
| <script src="https://unpkg.com/mermaid/dist/mermaid.min.js"></script> | |
| </head> | |
| <body> | |
| <script> | |
| mermaid.initialize({ | |
| startOnLoad: true, | |
| theme: document.body.classList.contains('vscode-dark') || document.body.classList.contains('vscode-high-contrast') | |
| ? 'dark' | |
| : 'default' | |
| }); | |
| </script> | |
| <h1 id="unit-i-mathematical-logic-sets-relations-and-functions">UNIT I: Mathematical Logic, Sets, Relations, and Functions</h1> | |
| <h2 id="mathematical-logic">Mathematical Logic:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Notations, Algebra of Propositions & Propositional functions</li> | |
| <li>Logical connectives, Truth values & Truth tables</li> | |
| <li>Tautologies & Contradictions, Normal Forms</li> | |
| <li>Predicate Calculus, Quantifiers</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h2 id="set-theory">Set Theory:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Sets, Subsets, Power sets, Complement, Union and Intersection</li> | |
| <li>De Morgan's Law, Cardinality</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h2 id="relations">Relations:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Cartesian Products, relational Matrices, properties of relations, equivalence relations</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h2 id="functions">Functions:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Injection, Surjection, Bijection, Composition of Functions, Permutations, Cardinality</li> | |
| <li>Characteristic functions, Recursive definitions, Finite induction</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h1 id="unit-ii-lattices--boolean-algebra">UNIT II: Lattices & Boolean Algebra</h1> | |
| <h2 id="lattices">Lattices:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Lattices as Algebraic Systems, Sublattices</li> | |
| <li>Some special lattices: Complement, Distributive, Modular</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h2 id="boolean-algebra">Boolean Algebra:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Axiomatic definitions of Boolean algebra as algebraic structures with two operations</li> | |
| <li>Switching Circuits</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h1 id="unit-iii-groups-fields--rings">UNIT III: Groups, Fields, & Rings</h1> | |
| <h2 id="groups">Groups:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Definition of groups, axioms, permutation groups</li> | |
| <li>Subgroups, co-sets, normal subgroups, free subgroups</li> | |
| <li>Grammars, language</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h2 id="fields--rings">Fields & Rings:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Definition and structure of fields and rings</li> | |
| <li>Minimal Polynomials, Irreducible Polynomials</li> | |
| <li>Polynomial roots & its Applications</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h1 id="unit-iv-graphs">UNIT IV: Graphs</h1> | |
| <h2 id="graphs">Graphs:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Simple Graph, Multigraph & Pseudograph</li> | |
| <li>Degree of a Vertex, Types of Graphs, Subgraphs, Isomorphic Graphs</li> | |
| <li>Operations on Graphs, Paths, Cycles, and Connectivity</li> | |
| <li>Euler and Hamilton Graphs, Shortest Path Problems (BFS, Dijkstra's Algorithm)</li> | |
| <li>Representation of Graphs, Planar Graphs, Applications of Graph Theory</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| <h1 id="unit-v-trees">UNIT V: Trees</h1> | |
| <h2 id="trees">Trees:</h2> | |
| <ul> | |
| <li>Definition and properties of trees, pendant vertices in a tree, center of a tree</li> | |
| <li>Spanning tree, Binary tree, Tree traversal</li> | |
| <li>Applications of trees in computer science</li> | |
| </ul> | |
| </body> | |
| </html> | |