greenwashing_codebook.json

{
  "NC_1": "Natural gas reduces emissions",
  "NC_2": "Natural gas is integral to the climate transition",
  "NC_3": "Oil spills are part of the every day",
  "NC_4": "Oil spills only hurt some animals",
  "NC_5": "Petroleum products support renewable energy",
  "NC_6": "Carbon capture is safe",
  "NC_7": "Carbon capture is needed to fight climate change",
  "NC_8": "Carbon capture offsets emissions",
  "NC_9": "Carbon capture will decarbonise industry",
  "NC_10": "Carbon capture is widely available",
  "NC_11": "Renwable energy supports EVs",
  "NC_12": "Renewable energy supports fossil fuel extraction",
  "NC_13": "We aim to decrease emissions",
  "NC_14": "We can expand fossil fuels whilst reducing emissions",
  "NC_15": "We are part of the transition to a green economy",
  "NC_16": "We are part of the transition to a green future",
  "NC_18": "Fossil fuel companies promote outdated grid needing fossil fuel based upgrades",
  "NC_17": "Distributed fossil fuel power generation in homes",
  "NC_19": "Digital technology enables user control and optimization of solar energy use",
  "NC_21": "Excess solar energy can be sold back to the grid to reduce grid pressure during peak times",
  "NC_20": "Digital application enables homeowners to control stored electricity for cost offset and outage backup",
  "NC_22": "We aim to grow in the renewable solar market alongside partners",
  "NC_23": "Solar energy storage solutions facilitate renewable energy adoption",
  "NC_24": "Digital technology as an enabler of customer investment in green energy and climate action",
  "NC_25": "Fossil fuel company offers 'going green' and money-saving energy solutions through customer optimization tools",
  "NC_27": "We aim to brand ourselves as a responsible energy major",
  "NC_26": "We create 'best practices' to reduce our environmental and operational footprint",
  "NC_28": "Biomonitoring with environmental DNA as a tool for environmental impact assessment",
  "NC_30": "Dedicated R&D efforts by fossil fuel companies to implement environmental genomics in industry practices",
  "NC_31": "Use of environmental DNA (eDNA) across departments for biodiversity monitoring improvement",
  "NC_29": "Fossil fuel companies adopting molecular ecology and environmental genomics as green credentials",
  "NC_33": "Real-time transmission of environmental DNA analysis to support remote biodiversity assessment",
  "NC_32": "Use of automated environmental DNA samplers to monitor marine biodiversity",
  "NC_34": "Environmental DNA sampling technology adaptation to monitor marine wildlife",
  "NC_35": "Sample storage and conservation for advanced environmental DNA analysis",
  "NC_36": "eDNA environmental monitoring accelerated and automated by in-situ technology",
  "NC_37": "Environmental DNA sampling and analysis without human interference",
  "NC_38": "Rapid progress in molecular biology and AI enhances environmental analysis capacity",
  "NC_39": "Use of environmental DNA data enables the company to claim sustainable operation through biodiversity characterization",
  "NC_40": "Environmental DNA and biodiversity data use as a basis to claim influence on biodiversity policy and fulfillment of biodiversity commitments",
  "NC_42": "Comparing environmental eDNA monitoring indispensability to forensics DNA testing, implying it will become standard and essential",
  "NC_41": "Fossil fuel company plans to integrate eDNA environmental monitoring into routine operations",
  "NC_43": "Operating one of France’s largest lithium-ion energy storage systems",
  "NC_45": "Battery energy storage provides grid capacity and ancillary services to support renewable energy integration and grid stability",
  "NC_44": "We claim leadership in large-scale battery storage projects supporting grid stabilization",
  "NC_46": "We promote battery storage as revitalizing regional renewable energy infrastructure",
  "NC_47": "Setting long-term sales mix targets with significant renewable energy portfolio goals",
  "NC_48": "Battery storage provides grid backup and black start capabilities supporting renewable energy reliability",
  "NC_49": "Fossil fuel company promotes lithium-ion battery energy storage as key to hybrid renewable microgrids",
  "NC_50": "We aim to develop combined solar and energy storage projects",
  "NC_51": "Fossil fuel company promotes energy storage and microgrid solutions for powering remote or autonomous communities",
  "NC_52": "New international regulation lowers sulfur content limits for marine fuels",
  "NC_53": "New sulfur caps force shipping companies to reduce sulfur oxide emissions from marine fuels",
  "NC_54": "Leveraging LNG as a means to meet environmental regulations in shipping",
  "NC_55": "Use of exhaust gas cleaning systems (scrubbers) to reduce sulfur emissions from marine vessels",
  "NC_56": "Immediate availability of LNG bunker as an essential transition solution",
  "NC_57": "LNG propulsion reduces emissions or environmental harm",
  "NC_58": "Claims quantifying emission reductions from LNG-powered ships",
  "NC_59": "LNG promoted as economically viable for shipping due to financial incentives at ports",
  "NC_60": "Shipping industry commitment to halving greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 despite trade growth",
  "NC_62": "Fossil fuel proved reserves ensure long-term supply security for decades",
  "NC_61": "LNG will remain a viable energy source for the foreseeable future",
  "NC_63": "LNG and biofuels development as key competitive innovation areas",
  "NC_64": "Claim of imminent 'energy revolution' driven by company-led innovation",
  "NC_66": "Claims that AI and HPC technology will enable achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 aligned with the Paris Agreement",
  "NC_65": "Use of AI and computational science for monitoring methane and CO2 geological storage as climate solutions",
  "NC_68": "Claim that multidisciplinary and integrated digital approaches are innovations ensuring environmental benefits",
  "NC_67": "Use of data science, AI, satellite imagery, and numerical simulation projects to claim enabling a greener future",
  "NC_69": "Using AI and satellite data to analyze climate system data rapidly",
  "NC_71": "Claim of increasing carbon reserves through investment in nature-based solutions",
  "NC_70": "Using satellite AI to quantify renewable electricity potential globally",
  "NC_73": "Claim of investing in renewables specifically through solar energy-focused digital tools",
  "NC_72": "Use of AI and airborne imagery to rapidly estimate solar energy potential at specific geographic sites",
  "NC_74": "Using digital tools to evaluate carbon sequestration from forest investments",
  "NC_77": "Highlighting methane's significant contribution to greenhouse gases to contextualize company methane efforts",
  "NC_75": "Methane emissions monitoring to limit company methane contributions",
  "NC_76": "Leak detection and repair to reduce methane emissions",
  "NC_78": "Using high-performance computing (HPC) to optimize large capacity energy storage site selection and safe storage volume maximization",
  "NC_79": "CO2 geological storage simulation technology for precision monitoring",
  "NC_80": "Claim that CO2 storage is exclusively safe and secure",
  "NC_81": "Use of real-life datasets for carbon capture and storage simulation efforts",
  "NC_82": "Claim that open-sourcing CO2 geological storage calculation code contributes to global carbon neutrality",
  "NC_83": "Investment in quantum computing targeting CO2 capture",
  "NC_84": "Use of quantum computing to study adsorption processes for CO2 removal",
  "NC_86": "Claim that reducing quantum computing power requirements via research contributes to climate or environmental goals",
  "NC_85": "The use of quantum computing projects funded by prestigious grants to imply environmental/climate leadership",
  "NC_87": "The claim that carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a key technology to unlock a lower-emission future",
  "NC_89": "CCS is essential to achieving net-zero emissions targets",
  "NC_88": "CCS benefits both the economy and the environment",
  "NC_90": "Natural gas and CCS enable reaching lower-emission goals in energy-intensive industries",
  "NC_91": "Retrofitting existing fossil fuel facilities with CCS is more cost-effective than full switch to renewables due to existing natural gas infrastructure",
  "NC_94": "Research into biosequestration practices leveraging natural plant carbon capture",
  "NC_92": "Using carbonate fuel cells to capture emissions",
  "NC_93": "Researching advanced materials (metal-organic frameworks) for enhanced carbon capture",
  "NC_96": "Battery storage enables large-scale grid decarbonization potential",
  "NC_95": "Battery storage market growth projected with increasing capacity and declining costs",
  "NC_97": "Battery storage lifespan improvements contribute to renewable energy viability claims",
  "NC_99": "Energy storage prevents renewable energy wastage by retaining generated power for future use",
  "NC_100": "Energy storage is pivotal in enabling increased renewable energy integration and efficiency",
  "NC_98": "Energy storage transformation optimizes renewable power availability and demand management",
  "NC_101": "Energy storage solutions promoted as integral and indispensable to renewable energy transitions by fossil fuel companies",
  "NC_102": "Energy storage solutions including batteries enable decarbonization of the energy mix and a more sustainable future",
  "NC_103": "Claim of acknowledging and aiming to address environmental and human rights risks associated with battery production",
  "NC_104": "Claim of addressing durability challenges in battery products as part of sustainability efforts",
  "NC_106": "Inauguration of a strategic hub for producing energy storage solutions in Zhuhai, China",
  "NC_105": "Target to increase renewable generation capacity to 100GW by 2030 combined with storage capacities",
  "NC_107": "Partnering to develop advanced electrolyzer technology for energy transition",
  "NC_108": "Investing in technology to improve battery lifespan for energy transition",
  "NC_111": "Fossil fuel company leverages expertise to capitalize on new energy technologies",
  "NC_109": "Batteries, fuel cells, and energy storage are key to achieving Net Zero goals",
  "NC_110": "Energy storage solutions maximize the contribution of new renewables",
  "NC_112": "We invest in energy storage technologies to decisively support societal climate efforts",
  "NC_113": "Claim that enabling energy storage solutions is critical to supporting societal climate change mitigation efforts",
  "NC_114": "Total fossil fuel company claims to produce and market a broad energy mix including oil, biofuels, natural gas, green gases, renewables, and electricity",
  "NC_115": "Promotion of biofuels as part of company's energy portfolio",
  "NC_116": "We aim to become a global top five renewable energy producer by 2030",
  "NC_117": "Rebranding to reflect transition to broad energy company including renewables and fossil fuels",
  "NC_118": "Claim of full commitment to carbon neutrality through concrete investments and business diversification",
  "NC_119": "Wind energy is a clean, effective and accessible electricity generation alternative",
  "NC_120": "Claim of commitment to limit environmental impacts on water resources including reinjection of produced water into reservoirs",
  "NC_123": "Continuous investment in R&D claimed as proactive environmental leadership",
  "NC_122": "Assessing and managing risks from toxic compounds in produced water to protect marine life",
  "NC_121": "Keeping hydrocarbon content in produced water discharges below regulatory thresholds as environmental compliance",
  "NC_125": "Claiming biomimicry and biofilm resilience as environmental innovation to improve water treatment efficiency",
  "NC_124": "Development of biofilm reactor technology to remove toxic organic matter from produced water",
  "NC_126": "Use of advanced biological treatment tech (BIOMEM) in refining and other fossil fuel operations to reduce organic pollutants",
  "NC_128": "Claiming BIOMEM biological water treatment accelerates processing times significantly compared to hydraulic methods",
  "NC_127": "Claiming BIOMEM biological treatment technology reduces environmental impact and operational costs compared to traditional methods",
  "NC_129": "Use of locally sourced biomass to initiate water treatment without industrial bioreactors",
  "NC_131": "Claim that environmental technology can be scaled and democratized across multiple fossil fuel sites including offshore and onshore",
  "NC_130": "Promotion of innovative produced water treatment techniques as effective environmental solutions",
  "NC_133": "Environmental performance as a regulatory and internal KPI for fossil fuel exploration and production",
  "NC_134": "Commitment to small-footprint fossil fuel facilities as an environmental improvement",
  "NC_132": "Environmental performance as a decision criterion for fossil fuel projects",
  "NC_135": "Highlighting water as a shared essential resource for both fossil fuel operations and renewable energy development",
  "NC_136": "Creating biomass using bacteria and microalgae to offset CO2 emissions",
  "NC_137": "Use of microalgae to produce biogas and biofuels",
  "NC_138": "Development of lower-emission fuels for high-emission industries",
  "NC_140": "Promotion of renewable diesel and biojet fuel projects converting wood waste and other biomass as green fuel solutions",
  "NC_139": "Investment in synthetic fuels (eFuel) produced from hydrogen and captured CO2 as lower-emission alternatives",
  "NC_142": "Claim of leveraging traditional fossil fuel expertise combined with innovation to create next generation fuels",
  "NC_141": "Partnering to deliver lower-emission fuel solutions aligned with net zero goals",
  "NC_143": "Claim of applying innovative solutions and products to decarbonize highest-emitting economic sectors",
  "NC_144": "We are developing alternative fuels to lower emissions in heavy-duty trucking, aviation, and shipping",
  "NC_145": "Claiming advancement of scalable technologies converting forestry residues and renewable liquids from hydrogen and CO2 into transportation fuels",
  "NC_146": "Claiming leadership ambition in delivering a range of transportation fuels catering to customer demand across all transportation sectors",
  "NC_148": "Claim that planned production of lower-emission fuels will reduce global greenhouse gas emissions by a specified amount",
  "NC_149": "Promotion of a climate solutions report as evidence of company commitment to climate action",
  "NC_147": "We plan to produce large-scale quantities of lower-emission liquid fuels by specific future dates",
  "NC_151": "Hydrogen-fueled planes face significant technical challenges to practical deployment",
  "NC_150": "Electric planes not currently practical due to unresolved technical and operational challenges",
  "NC_155": "Promotion of sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) as a key decarbonization pathway in transportation",
  "NC_153": "Promotion of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) as an essential solution for aviation emissions reduction",
  "NC_154": "Claim that sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) production should be expanded globally at multiple locations",
  "NC_152": "Need to significantly increase global production of sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to reduce emissions quickly",
  "NC_157": "Claim that sustainable aviation fuels will enable rapid emissions reductions in the aviation industry",
  "NC_156": "Claim that sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is a scalable, practical option to meet global aviation emission goals",
  "NC_158": "Claim of producing biofuels from specific renewable feedstocks such as vegetable oils, used cooking oils and forestry residues",
  "NC_159": "We supply and distribute sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) in multiple locations to meet near-term market needs",
  "NC_160": "We plan to produce sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) at multiple global locations to meet expanding customer demand",
  "NC_162": "We emphasize our goal to scale up production of lower-emission fuels as part of energy transition",
  "NC_161": "We claim ongoing technical and market innovation is needed to scale up lower-emission fuel production",
  "NC_163": "New LNG export capacity in the US will make it a leading global exporter by 2020",
  "NC_165": "Claim of upcoming LNG capacity surge enabling supply expansion to new countries",
  "NC_166": "Claim that LNG market expansion to certain countries will remain niche and limited",
  "NC_164": "LNG supply expansion to niche or less-developed markets",
  "NC_168": "Europe as a strategic residual market to absorb global LNG exports ensuring market stability and growth",
  "NC_167": "Natural gas demand influenced by price-sensitive fuel switching from coal",
  "NC_170": "U.S. LNG sets a price floor in the global LNG market influencing market dynamics",
  "NC_169": "The U.S. natural gas industry can dynamically adjust production to global market demand",
  "NC_171": "U.S. LNG export capacity enables it to act as a flexible swing supplier in global LNG markets",
  "NC_173": "Establishing dedicated educational institutions to support sustainability and technology agendas in fossil fuel sector",
  "NC_172": "Collaboration on technology projects to advance fossil fuel extraction and carbon dioxide removal",
  "NC_174": "Claim that technology-driven and economical solutions inherently support sustainability or climate goals",
  "NC_175": "Establishment of specialized research centers to promote fossil fuel technology and an ambiguous 'energy transition'",
  "NC_176": "Claim of targeting net zero carbon emissions by 2050",
  "NC_177": "Use of 'energy solutions provider' branding to signal green credentials",
  "NC_179": "Net zero and climate goals linked to economic benefits and sustainability for society",
  "NC_178": "Use of 'energy solutions provider' branding combined with net zero aspiration",
  "NC_180": "Promoting cleaner energy accessibility as part of climate strategy",
  "NC_182": "Claim that 'building operational excellence' contributes to balancing energy security, equity, and sustainability",
  "NC_181": "Claim of investing in nature-based solutions to address climate and environmental issues",
  "NC_183": "Claim of accelerating technology and innovation stewardship as a climate and energy transition strategy",
  "NC_184": "Promotion of hydrogen as part of renewable energy supply capacity",
  "NC_185": "Company utilizes solar photovoltaic (PV) in own facilities to generate clean energy",
  "NC_188": "Claim of signing largest solar Power Purchase Agreement with diverse commercial and institutional customers",
  "NC_187": "Claim of operating the largest single-location commercial & industrial solar farm in India",
  "NC_186": "Promotion of leadership in developing and operating large-scale solar power capacity across multiple countries",
  "NC_189": "Investing in low-carbon hydrogen production combining CCUS and renewable hydrogen pathways",
  "NC_190": "Planning collaborations with customers and hydropower suppliers to produce zero emission (green) hydrogen",
  "NC_191": "Exploring nature-based carbon offsets to preserve and restore natural carbon sinks",
  "NC_192": "Fossil fuel company promoting nature-based carbon offsets as part of climate mitigation strategy",
  "NC_193": "Nature-based carbon offsets as a solution to greenwash continued fossil fuel extraction by implying environmental responsibility",
  "NC_194": "We claim that technological advancements in hydraulic fracturing and extraction methods improve natural gas recovery rates and ensure future demand supply",
  "NC_198": "Claim of supporting new technology development and workforce training in shale oil and gas industry",
  "NC_196": "Claim of innovation and technological development for onshore shale oil and gas extraction as environmentally beneficial",
  "NC_197": "Investment in R&D to improve efficiency of drilling and completions for shale oil and gas extraction",
  "NC_195": "sustainability efforts claimed through emissions reduction and water usage optimization in shale oil and gas operations",
  "NC_199": "Use of fiber-optic sensors and supercomputers for real-time data gathering and analysis in fossil fuel drilling",
  "NC_200": "Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is promoted as enabling coal to be a carbon-free fuel",
  "NC_201": "Promotion of advanced direct current (DC) grid technology to improve energy transmission efficiency",
  "NC_202": "Claim that HVDC transmission significantly reduces power loss compared to AC transmission, improving grid efficiency and renewable integration",
  "NC_204": "Claim that high-performance battery storage progress is rapid and strongly incentivized by public policy benefiting renewable energy integration",
  "NC_203": "Claim that Aquion sodium-ion battery technology provides cost-effective, durable energy storage superior under partial and near-total discharge conditions",
  "NC_205": "Big data analysis as essential for safe drilling site selection",
  "NC_206": "Big data is the key to operating wind turbines in varying weather conditions",
  "NC_209": "Use of centralized advanced data visualization and analytics centers to monitor fossil fuel operations and inform decision-making",
  "NC_208": "Use of innovative sensor and monitoring technologies for real-time data collection at fossil fuel facilities",
  "NC_207": "Investment in digital data pipelines for continuous monitoring of fossil fuel production sites",
  "NC_212": "Use of phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) for safety monitoring in fossil fuel refinery infrastructure",
  "NC_211": "Use of environmental sensor data to optimize drilling equipment functioning",
  "NC_210": "Use of real-time sensor data for monitoring critical fossil fuel well operations",
  "NC_213": "Use of robotic technologies for pipeline inspection to promote operational safety and environmental protection",
  "NC_215": "Claim that advanced monitoring prevents environmental harm by early detection of pipeline damage",
  "NC_214": "Use of continuous laser measurement technology for pipeline integrity monitoring to imply environmental responsibility",
  "NC_217": "We claim significant renewable energy generation capacity equivalent to powering large cities",
  "NC_216": "We operate multiple onshore wind farms across diverse geographical locations",
  "NC_218": "Centralized advanced digital monitoring of renewable energy sites to improve operational performance and safety",
  "NC_220": "Implicit claim that advanced leak detection tech (FLIR) mitigates environmental risks in harsh conditions",
  "NC_219": "Use of thermal imaging (FLIR cameras) for early pipeline leak detection to imply environmental protection",
  "NC_222": "Claim that using PAUT technology improves operational efficiency and reduces production downtime and risks in fossil fuel facilities",
  "NC_221": "Use of phased array ultrasonic testing (PAUT) for safety monitoring in fossil fuel refinery infrastructure",
  "NC_224": "Operational efficiency claims tied to advanced real-time digital monitoring in fossil fuel refining",
  "NC_225": "Digital monitoring framed as key to safety and reliability in fossil fuel refinement",
  "NC_223": "Real-time digital monitoring of pipe wall thickness promotes operational safety and efficiency in refinery operations",
  "NC_227": "Claim that rugged industrial monitoring systems allow fossil fuel extraction under extreme environmental conditions, supporting ongoing fossil fuel development",
  "NC_226": "Claim that advanced digital and monitoring technologies enable offshore fossil fuel extraction in remote, harsh environments",
  "NC_228": "Use of real-time remote digital monitoring and centralized control centers to imply operational safety and environmental oversight",
  "NC_229": "Use of standardized visualization and trained operators scanning multiple environmental and operational metrics to convey advanced monitoring and risk management in fossil fuel extraction",
  "NC_230": "Claim that collaboration with NASA experts in remote monitoring enhances operational safety and environmental oversight in offshore fossil fuel production",
  "NC_231": "Use of advanced fiber optic network technology for real-time offshore fossil fuel operations monitoring",
  "NC_232": "Claim that continuous real-time data sharing between offshore rigs and onshore monitoring improves operational oversight and safety",
  "NC_233": "Fossil fuel company promotes centralized monitoring support for wind farm operations",
  "NC_234": "Embedded alarm systems in renewable operations portrayed as environmental risk management tools",
  "NC_237": "General claim that digital technology research advancements support and expand fossil fuel business activities",
  "NC_238": "Claim that digital technology accelerates fossil fuel exploration and decision making",
  "NC_236": "Claim that high-performance computing enables safer and more efficient fossil fuel reservoir management",
  "NC_235": "Use of advanced computing technology to improve fossil fuel exploration efficiency and precision",
  "NC_239": "Existing electricity infrastructure is inadequate for renewable energy integration",
  "NC_241": "Massive investment in new high-voltage transmission infrastructure is essential for renewable energy viability",
  "NC_240": "Renewable energy generation is ineffective without new transmission infrastructure",
  "NC_243": "Claim that larger, interconnected grids increase renewable energy share and energy supply stability",
  "NC_242": "Power grid expansion and interconnection improves renewable energy delivery",
  "NC_244": "Using real-time smart meter data to optimize electricity output and reduce energy waste",
  "NC_246": "Using novel, non-traditional energy storage methods (e.g., thermal storage via frozen fish warehouses) to balance energy supply and demand",
  "NC_247": "Electric vehicles as distributed energy storage by charging during off-peak hours to stabilize grid demand",
  "NC_245": "Using hydrogen fuel cells as energy storage solutions to stabilize energy supply and demand",
  "NC_248": "Claim that advanced Earth systems modelling technology is used to predict locations of economically viable petroleum reserves",
  "NC_249": "Claim that new oil and gas production and inexpensive electricity drive return of manufacturing and economic development in the US",
  "NC_250": "Claim that fossil fuel industry growth increases demand for STEM skills in the workforce",
  "NC_251": "Natural gas demand forecast to grow faster than total energy demand, increasing market share",
  "NC_252": "Emerging markets in Asia as key export outlets for natural gas from developing countries",
  "NC_255": "Claim that extracting fossil fuels is a pathway to becoming a hub for energy innovation",
  "NC_253": "Claim that advanced extraction and oil-field management technologies signify innovation and progress in fossil fuel production",
  "NC_254": "Claim that modern extraction technologies (horizontal drilling, water injection, real-time geological analysis, and data sharing) have reinvented fossil fuel industry practices",
  "NC_256": "Claim that improved petroleum recovery rates through R&D and data sharing demonstrate fossil fuel industry innovation",
  "NC_257": "Claim of sub-sea production as a technological innovation representing reinvention of oil and gas",
  "NC_260": "Energy security concerns combined with high fossil fuel costs motivate search for cheaper energy alternatives",
  "NC_259": "Net-zero transition costs and economic gloominess disincentivize investment in energy transition",
  "NC_258": "Fossil fuel price increases catalyze energy policy shifts toward net-zero transition",
  "NC_262": "Claim that small improvements in existing grid efficiency can yield large financial and energy savings without new infrastructure",
  "NC_261": "Government investment in gas infrastructure presented as a solution to energy challenges",
  "NC_263": "Portrayal of coal procurement as an unavoidable and cyclical response to energy security challenges",
  "NC_265": "Claim that improving system efficiency to save energy losses can reduce emissions and costs",
  "NC_264": "Claim that current energy systems (transport, buildings, food, industry) are only one-third energy efficient",
  "NC_266": "Methane emissions can be halved quickly through existing technology providing large emissions reductions equivalent to the gas needs of multiple countries without new energy creation",
  "NC_267": "Claim that methane emission reductions with existing technology yield major economic savings and avoid the need for new energy supply",
  "NC_268": "Methane emission mitigation is inexpensive and feasible, making failure to act inexcusable",
  "NC_269": "Existing technology can deliver large emission reductions if methane commitments are met",
  "NC_270": "Methane emissions detection, prevention, and reuse technologies in company portfolio",
  "NC_271": "Fossil fuel companies commit to zero-methane pledges and call for sector-wide participation",
  "NC_272": "Claim that increasing natural gas supply reduces prices of goods and services dependent on natural gas",
  "NC_273": "Implication that natural gas's role in producing diverse goods and services justifies its central role in the energy system",
  "NC_274": "Claim that sustained economic growth can be achieved simultaneously with emission reductions",
  "NC_275": "Claim that increased urbanization and development in emerging regions will drive energy and resource demand growth requiring fossil fuel production",
  "NC_276": "Economic value of natural gas quantified as annual contribution to GDP",
  "NC_277": "Natural gas is essential across multiple sectors including jobs, electricity, heating, and manufacturing",
  "NC_279": "Claim that increased natural gas production leads to historic low prices benefiting consumers and markets",
  "NC_278": "Claim that technological advancements in extraction methods have unlocked previously inaccessible natural gas reserves",
  "NC_280": "Claim that rising natural gas use results in major consumer savings for U.S. households by 2040",
  "NC_281": "Claim that fossil fuel industry job growth outpaces historical baselines, indicating expanding employment benefits",
  "NC_283": "Claim that low natural gas prices in North America provide competitive advantage vs. higher prices in other regions",
  "NC_282": "Cheaper natural gas and electricity reduce costs for domestic manufacturing and improve international competitiveness",
  "NC_284": "Natural gas enables renewable energy integration by balancing intermittency",
  "NC_286": "Claim that carbon intensity (CO2 per dollar GDP) has fallen faster than absolute emissions due to natural gas use",
  "NC_285": "Claim that natural gas is the largest contributor to U.S. emissions reductions to early 1990s levels",
  "NC_287": "Natural gas enables grid reliability by compensating for renewable energy intermittency",
  "NC_288": "Claim that despite increased energy consumption, national economic output growth represents improved overall energy efficiency",
  "NC_289": "U.S. natural gas production reduces energy supply vulnerability to geopolitical and environmental risks",
  "NC_290": "Portrayal of broad public support for transporting and distributing fossil fuel energy within the U.S.",
  "NC_291": "Claim that political support among voters is tied to candidates' support for access to natural gas and oil in key states",
  "NC_292": "Claim that fossil fuel industry revitalizes the economy and strengthens national security with bipartisan public support",
  "NC_293": "Claims that opposition to pipeline infrastructure harms the delivery of U.S. energy benefits",
  "NC_294": "Claim that opposition to pipeline construction is framed as radical environmental extremism",
  "NC_295": "Claim that environmental opposition will prevent critical infrastructure projects and harm economic development",
  "NC_296": "Natural gas is affordable and reliable backup for electricity when renewable capacity is insufficient",
  "NC_297": "Promotion of an all-of-the-above energy strategy including fossil fuels as pragmatic and popular",
  "NC_298": "We claim that US technology, investment, and skilled workforce enable safe and reliable fossil fuel energy distribution infrastructure",
  "NC_300": "Claim that natural gas or pipeline-delivered energy is affordable, reliable, and cleaner energy for Americans",
  "NC_299": "Claim that blocking pipeline projects results in lost jobs and lost opportunities to provide affordable, reliable, cleaner energy",
  "NC_301": "Claim that legal and regulatory obstacles excessively delay fossil fuel infrastructure development and energy delivery",
  "NC_302": "Natural gas and oil projects provide higher wages, better benefits, and greater career opportunities compared to other energy sectors",
  "NC_303": "Better pay and career stability in fossil fuel jobs improve quality of life for workers and their families",
  "NC_304": "Claim that lack of adequate pipeline and processing infrastructure limits domestic fossil fuel production and delivery",
  "NC_305": "Claim that restrictions on fossil fuel production will cause significant economic losses in GDP",
  "NC_308": "Claim that fossil fuel leasing bans harm energy security by increasing reliance on foreign oil imports",
  "NC_307": "Claim that banning fossil fuel leasing could increase emissions by shifting demand to more polluting coal",
  "NC_306": "Claim that fossil fuel policy restrictions will cause significant job losses in major production states",
  "NC_309": "Claim that increasing fossil fuel supply and infrastructure capacity ensures economic energy availability and market efficiency",
  "NC_310": "Claim that building pipelines and modernizing fossil fuel infrastructure supports community development and affordable energy",
  "NC_311": "Diesel is essential for modern life and mobility",
  "NC_312": "Diesel powers key transportation sectors enabling global mobility and supply chains",
  "NC_313": "Promotion of renewable diesel as a lower-carbon alternative to traditional diesel",
  "NC_314": "Use of locally sourced biofeedstock combined with blue hydrogen and CCS to produce lower-emission renewable diesel similar to traditional diesel",
  "NC_316": "Long-term CCS investment viability depends on supportive government policy",
  "NC_315": "Carbon capture requires enormous investment and long-term commitment",
  "NC_317": "Unfavorable regulatory environment inhibits CCS investment",
  "NC_318": "Economy-wide carbon pricing is essential to enable carbon capture investments",
  "NC_319": "Stable and transparent carbon pricing incentivizes climate investments and emissions reductions",
  "NC_321": "Claim that technology neutrality enables fair competition among emission-reduction solutions",
  "NC_322": "Claim that multiple emission-reduction technologies are necessary to meet climate goals",
  "NC_320": "Advocacy for technology-neutral policy frameworks in climate solutions",
  "NC_323": "Promotion of recycled plastic polymers from fossil fuel derived plastics as environmental innovation",
  "NC_324": "Promotion of recycled plastic polymers from fossil fuel derived plastics",
  "NC_326": "Claim that petrochemical industry transforms plastic waste into a valuable resource through technological innovation",
  "NC_325": "Claim that petrochemical industry is innovating traditional plastics manufacturing and recycling to address plastic waste",
  "NC_329": "Development of recycled resins competitive with virgin resins through advanced mechanical recycling partnerships",
  "NC_328": "Investment in converting mixed contaminated plastic waste into original petrochemical feedstock",
  "NC_330": "Partnership with research institutions to test chemical/molecular recycling technologies for plastics",
  "NC_327": "Partnerships to chemically recycle waste polystyrene into original monomers for reuse",
  "NC_331": "Claim that plastic recycling and circular solutions are the answer to plastic waste",
  "NC_333": "Claim that improved plastic properties ensure customer demand while promoting environmental benefits",
  "NC_332": "Claim that advanced chemistry and engineering are used to develop plastics that degrade and are reusable without losing functionality",
  "NC_334": "Mechanical recycling of plastics is limited by degradation of material strength over time, restricting recycled content use in products",
  "NC_335": "Claim that scaling recycled material content in products depends on adopting chemical recycling technologies",
  "NC_336": "Chemical recycling as the key to achieving a circular and sustainable plastics economy",
  "NC_337": "Claim that chemical recycling will provide a comprehensive solution to plastic sustainability challenges in the long term",
  "NC_338": "Claim that recycled resin developed by petrochemical companies can compete with virgin resin on both strength and price",
  "NC_339": "Promotion of certified circular polymers made from mixed plastic waste",
  "NC_340": "Developing technology to convert contaminated plastic waste into feedstock for petrochemical production",
  "NC_341": "Using plastic waste pyrolysis oil (TACOIL) from non-recyclable plastics as feedstock for fossil fuel crackers",
  "NC_342": "Using plastic waste as feedstock for virgin plastic production to appeal to customers",
  "NC_343": "Fossil fuel petrochemical industry prioritizes plastics production as a strategic focus",
  "NC_345": "Recycling plastics reduces plastic waste going to landfills",
  "NC_344": "Producing recycled resin reduces emissions compared to virgin resin production",
  "NC_346": "Claim that fossil fuel company recycling facility converts consumer plastic waste into large volumes of recycled polypropylene and polyethylene resin annually",
  "NC_347": "Importance of securing quality post-consumer plastic waste supply in fragmented markets",
  "NC_348": "Claim of planned capacity expansion for recycled plastic resin production by fossil fuel joint ventures",
  "NC_349": "Promotion of plastics circularity as a solution to plastic waste",
  "NC_351": "Promotion of a broad technology portfolio including biomass, smart-grids, batteries, and hydrogen as future energy solutions",
  "NC_350": "Claim that technological developments in less visible energy fields (biomass, smart-grids, batteries, hydrogen) enhance company expertise",
  "NC_354": "Claim that natural gas extraction in shale regions provides high-paying jobs well above national average wages",
  "NC_352": "Claim that oil and gas industry growth in shale regions produces significant local job increases",
  "NC_353": "Claim that shale oil and gas deposits directly contribute to national oil and gas sector growth and employment booms",
  "NC_356": "Fossil fuel industry demand for STEM skills supports workforce development narratives",
  "NC_355": "Job growth and economic revival in rural areas linked to fossil fuel industry",
  "NC_358": "Setting ambitious solar lamp user reach targets in Africa to demonstrate impact",
  "NC_357": "Fossil fuel company markets solar lamps in developing countries to expand access to solar energy",
  "NC_363": "Claim of joint development of new solar lighting products through partnership",
  "NC_359": "Claim of partnership in solar lighting value chain with quality assurance processes during product development and manufacturing",
  "NC_362": "Claim of applying strict product inspection procedures and feedback reporting to suppliers to ensure quality in solar lamps",
  "NC_361": "Claim of conducting own comprehensive product testing including plant audits and market tests for solar lamps",
  "NC_360": "Claim of adherence to Lighting Global standards certification for solar lighting products",
  "NC_365": "Claim that solar lamp use reduces users' reliance on fossil fuel-based or polluting energy sources like kerosene and traditional consumables",
  "NC_364": "Promotion of affordable and reliable solar lamps powered by lithium-ion batteries as energy solutions",
  "NC_366": "Provision of end-of-life solutions through repair and recycling of solar lamps",
  "NC_367": "Claim of expanding solar lamp recycling and repair projects across developing countries to demonstrate sustainability efforts",
  "NC_369": "Claim of commitment to delivering better energy through clean lighting products targeting social benefits",
  "NC_368": "Promotion of fossil fuel company-provided affordable and reliable lighting solutions improving social outcomes",
  "NC_370": "Fossil fuel company promotes microcredit crowdfunding to improve energy access",
  "NC_371": "Fossil fuel company positions itself as facilitating consumer investment in energy sector microbusinesses via microloans",
  "NC_372": "Funding renewable energy and energy access initiatives",
  "NC_373": "Claim that access to energy market growth is driven by funding and lender interest in energy projects",
  "NC_375": "Attracting financial investment from lenders as a driver to accelerate energy access project development and meet fossil fuel company goals",
  "NC_374": "Expanding access to reliable energy for underserved populations as a positive impact of fossil fuel-linked energy projects",
  "NC_376": "Leveraging media visibility to increase community lender engagement for fossil fuel company-backed energy access initiatives",
  "NC_377": "Claiming partnerships with microfinance to create lasting, overperforming fossil fuel energy access programs with broad societal benefits",
  "NC_378": "Promotion of remote digital exploration technology to enable less intrusive fossil fuel extraction",
  "NC_379": "Claim that competitive oil will continue to have a future energy role",
  "NC_380": "Claim that Total's technological capacity is central to the company's future energy strategy",
  "NC_381": "Advanced geophysical data acquisition and imaging technology promotes fossil fuel exploration",
  "NC_382": "Using remote seismic acquisition technology to avoid physical environmental disturbance during fossil fuel exploration",
  "NC_384": "Claim that conventional fossil fuel exploration methods are non-competitive due to inefficiency and risks",
  "NC_383": "Claim that conventional seismic exploration methods are environmentally harmful, unsafe, resource intensive, and inefficient",
  "NC_385": "Claim that using drone-dropped wireless geophones significantly reduces environmental impact of fossil fuel exploration, especially deforestation",
  "NC_387": "Use of advanced geophysical computing centers for rapid processing and interpretation of seismic data to improve fossil fuel extraction decision-making",
  "NC_386": "Use of real-time wireless seismic geophones sending data to centralized control centers for fossil fuel exploration",
  "NC_389": "Claim of ongoing development of biodegradable batteries for geophysical survey equipment to improve environmental footprint",
  "NC_388": "Claim that fossil fuel company develops biodgradable components for geophysical survey equipment to reduce environmental impact",
  "NC_390": "Claim that hybrid airships have carbon emissions up to 20 times lower than helicopters",
  "NC_392": "Promotion of RFID tracking technology for operational and environmental monitoring",
  "NC_391": "Community participation as environmental monitoring and green credibility",
  "NC_393": "Use of advanced 3-D imaging technology to reduce investment risks in fossil fuel exploration",
  "NC_395": "Claim that advanced real-time technological tools optimize exploration well placement and accelerate appraisal and development phases",
  "NC_394": "Claim that new exploration technologies reduce human exposure to operational risks in fossil fuel extraction",
  "NC_396": "Promotion of advanced exploration technology (METIS) for application in challenging environments as an indicator of fossil fuel technological progress",
  "NC_397": "Claim that advanced exploration technology enables fossil fuel exploration in physically challenging or harsh environments to reduce personnel hardship",
  "NC_399": "Claim that comprehensive educational and transparency efforts demonstrate safety and environmental responsibility of fossil fuel technologies",
  "NC_398": "Claim that existing advanced digital and remote sensing technologies are safe and immediately deployable for fossil fuel exploration",
  "NC_400": "Promotion of METIS advanced exploration technology as innovative and transformative for fossil fuel operations",
  "NC_401": "Claim of promoting eco-efficiency as a business asset for customers",
  "NC_406": "Promotion of proprietary fuels and additives branded as 'ecosolutions' to reduce fuel consumption and emissions",
  "NC_407": "Use of high-performance engine oils to improve fuel economy and reduce emissions",
  "NC_404": "Increasing share of renewable energy sources is a key part of energy transition strategy",
  "NC_403": "Improving vehicle energy efficiency reduces emissions and supports climate goals",
  "NC_402": "Upgrading internal combustion engine vehicles is a solution to reduce carbon emissions",
  "NC_405": "Advancement of hybrid technologies and alternative energies as part of mobility and energy strategies",
  "NC_408": "Reduction of vehicle weight to improve energy efficiency",
  "NC_409": "Promotion of home solar energy management systems integrated with electric vehicle charging",
  "NC_414": "Promotion and integration of multiple alternative fuel vehicle infrastructures (natural gas, hydrogen, electric) as part of energy transition strategy",
  "NC_412": "Participation in hydrogen mobility projects including development of hydrogen fueling station networks",
  "NC_413": "Branding of hydrogen fueling stations under fossil fuel company brand",
  "NC_411": "Installation of ultra-fast electric vehicle charging points integrated at fossil fuel service stations",
  "NC_410": "Expansion of natural gas vehicle fueling infrastructure in multiple European countries",
  "NC_415": "Claim of providing responsible energy that is reliable, affordable, and clean",
  "NC_418": "Claim that affordability of mobility solutions enables broader access and social inclusion",
  "NC_417": "Claim of reducing public health impacts through fossil fuel or mobility solutions",
  "NC_416": "Claim of providing mobility solutions aimed at meeting climate objectives consistent with 2 degrees Celsius target",
  "NC_420": "Vague claim to provide consumer mobility solutions matching changing practices without clear environmental action",
  "NC_421": "Incentivizing fossil fuel consumption as part of promoting purported sustainable mobility options",
  "NC_419": "Promotion of ride-sharing partnerships with incentives for fuel or car wash use",
  "NC_422": "Offering integrated digital solutions that identify and reward environmentally responsible driving behavior",
  "NC_424": "Claim that current technology does not enable manufacturing electric refrigerated trucks capable of long-distance travel",
  "NC_423": "Claim that sustainable mobility cannot rely solely on electric vehicles and that EVs have limitations",
  "NC_426": "Electric vehicle adoption reduces oil demand but is insufficient to offset overall petroleum product demand growth due to rising car numbers, especially in emerging economies",
  "NC_425": "Shift to electric vehicles reduces oil demand by a quantified amount",
  "NC_428": "Framing technological challenges for fossil fuel projects as addressing environmental and societal concerns without compromising safety",
  "NC_427": "Company determination to end routine gas flaring to reduce greenhouse gas emissions",
  "NC_429": "Routine gas flaring at oil sites is justified primarily as a safety requirement to prevent hazardous overpressure",
  "NC_430": "Routine gas flaring generates substantial greenhouse gas emissions globally each year",
  "NC_431": "Commitment to eliminate routine gas flaring emissions equivalent to emissions of 77 million cars by 2030",
  "NC_432": "Claim of optimizing energy efficiency across all company installations",
  "NC_433": "Use of waste heat recovery systems on fossil fuel turbines to claim enhanced energy efficiency and electric power generation capacity equivalent to a large city",
  "NC_435": "Claim that fossil fuel projects develop sustainable local business capacities that persist beyond project lifespan",
  "NC_436": "Claim of workforce training in specialized fossil fuel operational skills to integrate local personnel into operations",
  "NC_434": "Claim that fossil fuel projects help create sustainable economic value in host countries",
  "NC_437": "Claim that fossil fuel companies transfer technical skills to local academia to develop project-compatible technologies",
  "NC_438": "Claim that oil dominates a country's GDP but economic diversification is critical for future sustainability",
  "NC_441": "Claim of openness to adopting new technologies for improved energy efficiency in fossil fuel operations",
  "NC_440": "Claim that fossil fuel industry will lower turbine energy consumption in operations",
  "NC_439": "Claim that fossil fuel industry floating plants are becoming more energy efficient",
  "NC_443": "Deep offshore industry moving subsea with remote land operation for cost reduction",
  "NC_442": "No more need to flare gas due to subsea processing keeping gas contained with stable conditions",
  "NC_444": "Claim that technological research and innovation are essential for future energy solutions",
  "NC_445": "Claim that successful implementation and profitability of future energy solutions depend heavily on fluctuating oil prices",
  "NC_446": "Claim of significant reduction in direct greenhouse gas emissions over time in operated operations",
  "NC_447": "Customer-focused business model increasingly based on low-carbon energy and energy efficiency",
  "NC_448": "Making climate considerations a core component of corporate growth strategy with focus on testing and implementing varied approaches",
  "NC_449": "Claim of adapting to electric vehicle market changes to avoid being seen as only a fossil fuel commodity supplier and to capture new value chains",
  "NC_450": "Reuse of produced water to reduce freshwater withdrawal and environmental discharge",
  "NC_451": "Use of water injection from produced water to support sustainable oil field pressure management",
  "NC_452": "Claim that using produced water instead of natural surface water for injection supports environmental sustainability in oil production",
  "NC_453": "Claim that water management is a critical operational challenge for oil industry",
  "NC_454": "Claim that produced water discharge into oceans is environmentally acceptable due to dilution and compliance with regulatory hydrocarbon limits",
  "NC_455": "Trade-offs between water reinjection quality, cost, and environmental impact",
  "NC_457": "Claim that reinjection of produced saline water is mandatory to protect freshwater resources near communities",
  "NC_456": "Claim that limiting water use and discharge is a voluntary and primary company strategy balancing environmental concerns and operational efficiency",
  "NC_458": "Future oil production will incorporate circular economy principles",
  "NC_459": "Laws/regulations limiting offshore oil discharge concentrations as an environmental compliance claim",
  "NC_462": "Claim that plastics require much lower processing temperatures compared to alternative materials, implying a lower environmental footprint",
  "NC_463": "Claim of inherent 'success' and practicality of plastics as justification for their widespread use and environmental acceptance",
  "NC_460": "Plastics claimed to be energy-efficient and practical materials due to low weight and malleability",
  "NC_461": "Claim that plastics require less energy in manufacturing compared to alternative materials like metal, glass, and wood",
  "NC_464": "Catalyst chemistry in polymer production is presented as a cutting-edge innovation enabling large-scale polymer yields from small catalyst amounts",
  "NC_465": "Claim that plastics are essential to product protection, insulation, vehicle fuel efficiency, electronics existence, and medical effectiveness with social benefits",
  "NC_466": "Claim of collaborating on more efficient and eco-efficient polymer design and development",
  "NC_469": "Use of specific pollution control technology to capture plastic pellets before environmental release",
  "NC_467": "Commitment to increase use of recycled plastics in company products",
  "NC_468": "Membership in industry initiative to reduce plastic pellet pollution as environmental responsibility claim",
  "NC_470": "Claim that proprietary polymer technology restores recycled plastic properties degraded by oxidation, enabling addition of recycled materials to new products",
  "NC_472": "Consumer preference for aesthetics can limit the acceptance and adoption of recycled plastic materials, requiring trade-offs",
  "NC_471": "We must leverage economies of scale to improve plastic recycling outcomes",
  "NC_474": "Claim that developing tougher polymers reduces material use and raw material consumption, yielding emission savings",
  "NC_473": "Claim of producing polymers with a smaller carbon footprint marketed as 'clean' and affordable plastics",
  "NC_475": "Claim quantifying approximately 25% CO2 emission reduction by lowering fossil carbon content in polymers while maintaining product performance",
  "NC_476": "Investment in plant-based bioplastics from sugar monomers",
  "NC_477": "Recycling of used vegetable oil as feedstock for fossil fuel steam cracker plastic production",
  "NC_478": "Claim of collaborative development of optimized plastic packaging solutions with customers, partners, and end users",
  "NC_479": "Claim that new environmentally oriented polymer technologies are currently expensive and that making them affordable is a key challenge together with partners",
  "NC_480": "Ecosolutions program claims proprietary innovative solutions greatly reduce environmental impact beyond market standards across product life cycle",
  "NC_481": "Claim of providing safe, clean, affordable and accessible energy to promote social value and climate goals",
  "NC_482": "Incentives promoting behavioral and modal shifts in passenger transportation",
  "NC_484": "Promotion of car-pooling applications and sharing economy models to reduce transportation emissions",
  "NC_483": "Promotion of eco-driving technologies and training programs to reduce emissions",
  "NC_485": "Sustainable biofuels, battery EVs, natural gas vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are all presented as complementary transportation emission reduction solutions",
  "NC_486": "Claim that deploying a portfolio of biofuels, battery EVs, natural gas vehicles, and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles at scale can provide up to 37% of total transportation sector climate mitigation needed for a 2 degrees Celsius target",
  "NC_488": "Consideration of marine biodiversity and ecosystem impacts in offshore seawater treatment technology development",
  "NC_487": "Seawater treatment at the seabed near injection wells as an innovation to reduce environmental impact compared to treatment on offshore platforms",
  "NC_489": "Claim of continuous improvement in fossil fuel exploration and production methods to produce oil and gas responsibly and sustainably",
  "NC_491": "Collaboration between fossil fuel company R&D and scientific research institutions to study environmental biomonitors like mollusks as green credentials",
  "NC_490": "Mollusks used as inexpensive, reliable real-time biomonitoring tools for water quality around industrial sites",
  "NC_493": "Claim that using local species instead of invasive ones improves environmental monitoring safety and ecological compatibility",
  "NC_492": "Use of bivalves and local marine species for real-time environmental biomonitoring in harsh offshore conditions",
  "NC_494": "Claim of valvometry environmental monitoring method proven effective across diverse aquatic environments including variable temperatures and salinity",
  "NC_495": "Valvometric biomonitoring is a low-energy, low-maintenance environmental monitoring technique",
  "NC_496": "Claim that advanced biomonitoring systems reduce need for manual sampling and improve sampling frequency with lower energy use",
  "NC_497": "Investment in digital transformation for safety, operational performance, cost reduction, and innovation",
  "NC_498": "Claim that integrated LNG operations (upstream to downstream) provide superior customer support",
  "NC_499": "Scaling LNG bunker deployment as a competitive and essential climate solution in shipping",
  "NC_500": "Claim that large global fossil fuel reserves ensure long-term supply security measured in decades",
  "NC_501": "Development and innovation efforts in LNG and biofuels framed as enhancing competitiveness",
  "NC_502": "Claim of an imminent 'energy revolution' driven by emerging projects and innovation enthusiasm"
}