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"description": "Biomechanical gait analysis benchmarks and red flags by age group. Reference: Trupti Didi Clinical Benchmarks.",
"age_groups": [
{
"range": "1-2",
"name": "Early Toddlers",
"benchmarks": {
"heel_strike": "Not expected",
"cadence_bpm": "150-180",
"swing_knee_flexion": "45-55°",
"stance_knee_angle": "> 150°",
"asymmetry_threshold_percent": 15,
"trunk_sway_threshold": 25
},
"clinical_notes": "Wide base of support and high-guard arm position are normal at this stage."
},
{
"range": "3-4",
"name": "Preschoolers",
"benchmarks": {
"heel_strike": "Inconsistent/Emerging",
"cadence_bpm": "130-150",
"swing_knee_flexion": "55-60°",
"stance_knee_angle": "> 160°",
"asymmetry_threshold_percent": 10,
"trunk_sway_threshold": 20
},
"clinical_notes": "Heel strike should start becoming consistent. Persistent knee flexion in stance (>20deg) after age 3 is a red flag."
},
{
"range": "5-7",
"name": "Early School Age",
"benchmarks": {
"heel_strike": "Expected/Consistent",
"cadence_bpm": "110-130",
"swing_knee_flexion": "60-65°",
"stance_knee_angle": "> 170°",
"asymmetry_threshold_percent": 8,
"trunk_sway_threshold": 15
},
"clinical_notes": "Gait pattern should be well-established and similar to adult morphology."
},
{
"range": "8+",
"name": "Mature/Adult",
"benchmarks": {
"heel_strike": "Mandatory",
"cadence_bpm": "90-120",
"swing_knee_flexion": "60-70°",
"stance_knee_angle": "> 175°",
"asymmetry_threshold_percent": 8,
"trunk_sway_threshold": 12
},
"clinical_notes": "Adult-like symmetry and stability expected. High trunk sway or lack of heel strike indicates pathology."
}
],
"global_red_flags": [
{
"type": "Asymmetrical Loading",
"description": "Significant difference between left and right limb metrics.",
"severity": "moderate"
},
{
"type": "Instability",
"description": "High trunk sway or variable stride patterns.",
"severity": "high"
},
{
"type": "Developmental Delay",
"description": "Gait markers significantly below age-group benchmarks.",
"severity": "moderate"
}
],
"parameter_thresholds": {
"step_length_symmetry": {
"typical": 7,
"mild": 12,
"consistent": 15
},
"stance_time_symmetry": {
"typical": 5,
"load_avoidance": 8
},
"swing_time_symmetry": {
"typical": 5,
"control_related": 8
},
"stride_consistency": "High SD indicates instability/immature control"
},
"primitive_reflex_influence": {
"moro": "Difficulty releasing support",
"fear_paralysis": "Freezing",
"tlr": "Extensor posture",
"atnr": "Trunk rotation",
"palmar": "Fisted hands"
},
"safety_rules": {
"min_steps": 5,
"min_duration_seconds": 3,
"requires_independent_walking": true,
"limitation_note": "Numerical interpretation limited due to context."
}
} |