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Container Sandbox
Lightweight Docker-based sandbox for executing untrusted code generated
by the Auto-Dev engines. Implements the SandboxProtocol interface.
Security constraints:
- Ephemeral containers (destroyed after each execution)
- No network access (--network=none)
- Memory limit (256MB)
- Execution timeout (60s default)
- Read-only filesystem with tmpfs for /tmp
Fallback: If Docker is unavailable, uses subprocess isolation with
resource limits (Linux) or basic subprocess timeout (macOS/Windows).
"""
import asyncio
import json
import logging
import subprocess
import tempfile
import time
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Any
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
DOCKER_IMAGE = "python:3.11-slim"
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 60
DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT = "256m"
class ContainerSandbox:
"""
Docker-based sandbox implementing SandboxProtocol.
Falls back to subprocess isolation if Docker is unavailable.
"""
def __init__(
self,
docker_image: str = DOCKER_IMAGE,
timeout: int = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
memory_limit: str = DEFAULT_MEMORY_LIMIT,
enable_network: bool = False,
):
self.docker_image = docker_image
self.timeout = timeout
self.memory_limit = memory_limit
self.enable_network = enable_network
self._docker_available: bool | None = None
@property
def docker_available(self) -> bool:
"""Check if Docker is available on the system."""
if self._docker_available is None:
try:
result = subprocess.run(
["docker", "info"],
capture_output=True,
timeout=5,
)
self._docker_available = result.returncode == 0
except (FileNotFoundError, subprocess.TimeoutExpired):
self._docker_available = False
logger.info(
"Docker not available — ContainerSandbox will use subprocess fallback"
)
return self._docker_available
async def execute_raw_python(
self,
tenant_id: str,
code: str,
input_params: dict[str, Any] | None = None,
timeout: int | None = None,
safety_level: str = "MEDIUM_RISK",
**kwargs,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""
Execute Python code in an isolated environment.
Args:
tenant_id: Tenant ID for tracking
code: Python code to execute
input_params: Input parameters passed as JSON on stdin
timeout: Override default timeout
safety_level: Ignored in upstream (used by SaaS)
Returns:
{
"status": "success" | "failed",
"output": str,
"execution_seconds": float,
"environment": "docker" | "subprocess",
}
"""
effective_timeout = timeout or self.timeout
params = input_params or {}
if self.docker_available:
return await self._execute_docker(
code, params, effective_timeout, tenant_id
)
return await self._execute_subprocess(
code, params, effective_timeout, tenant_id
)
async def _execute_docker(
self,
code: str,
input_params: dict[str, Any],
timeout: int,
tenant_id: str,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""Execute code in a Docker container."""
start_time = time.monotonic()
# Write code to a temp file that will be mounted
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
mode="w", suffix=".py", delete=False
) as f:
# Wrap code with input parameter injection
wrapper = self._build_execution_wrapper(code, input_params)
f.write(wrapper)
code_path = f.name
try:
cmd = [
"docker",
"run",
"--rm",
f"--memory={self.memory_limit}",
f"--cpus=1",
"--read-only",
"--tmpfs",
"/tmp:rw,noexec,nosuid,size=64m",
"-v",
f"{code_path}:/sandbox/script.py:ro",
]
if not self.enable_network:
cmd.extend(["--network", "none"])
cmd.extend([self.docker_image, "python", "/sandbox/script.py"])
process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
*cmd,
stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
)
try:
stdout, stderr = await asyncio.wait_for(
process.communicate(), timeout=timeout
)
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
process.kill()
await process.wait()
return {
"status": "failed",
"output": f"Execution timed out after {timeout}s",
"execution_seconds": time.monotonic() - start_time,
"environment": "docker",
}
elapsed = time.monotonic() - start_time
output = stdout.decode("utf-8", errors="replace").strip()
errors = stderr.decode("utf-8", errors="replace").strip()
if process.returncode == 0:
return {
"status": "success",
"output": output,
"execution_seconds": round(elapsed, 3),
"environment": "docker",
}
else:
return {
"status": "failed",
"output": errors or output,
"execution_seconds": round(elapsed, 3),
"environment": "docker",
}
finally:
Path(code_path).unlink(missing_ok=True)
async def _execute_subprocess(
self,
code: str,
input_params: dict[str, Any],
timeout: int,
tenant_id: str,
) -> dict[str, Any]:
"""
Fallback: execute code in a subprocess with basic timeout isolation.
WARNING: This provides weaker isolation than Docker. It should only be
used for local development when Docker is not available.
"""
start_time = time.monotonic()
wrapper = self._build_execution_wrapper(code, input_params)
with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(
mode="w", suffix=".py", delete=False
) as f:
f.write(wrapper)
code_path = f.name
try:
process = await asyncio.create_subprocess_exec(
"python3",
code_path,
stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
)
try:
stdout, stderr = await asyncio.wait_for(
process.communicate(), timeout=timeout
)
except asyncio.TimeoutError:
process.kill()
await process.wait()
return {
"status": "failed",
"output": f"Execution timed out after {timeout}s",
"execution_seconds": time.monotonic() - start_time,
"environment": "subprocess",
}
elapsed = time.monotonic() - start_time
output = stdout.decode("utf-8", errors="replace").strip()
errors = stderr.decode("utf-8", errors="replace").strip()
if process.returncode == 0:
return {
"status": "success",
"output": output,
"execution_seconds": round(elapsed, 3),
"environment": "subprocess",
}
else:
return {
"status": "failed",
"output": errors or output,
"execution_seconds": round(elapsed, 3),
"environment": "subprocess",
}
finally:
Path(code_path).unlink(missing_ok=True)
@staticmethod
def _build_execution_wrapper(code: str, input_params: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
"""Wrap user code with input parameter injection."""
params_json = json.dumps(input_params)
return f"""
import json
import sys
# Inject input parameters
_INPUT_PARAMS = json.loads('''{params_json}''')
# User code
{code}
"""
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