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"""
File handling utilities for secure file operations.
This module provides utilities for file upload validation, secure storage,
metadata extraction, and file management operations.
"""
import os
import io
import hashlib
import mimetypes
import magic
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional, Dict, Any, List, Tuple
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
import aiofiles
import aiofiles.os
from PIL import Image
import ffmpeg
from fastapi import UploadFile, HTTPException, status
from pydantic import BaseModel
from ..core.config import get_settings
from ..core.logger import get_logger
settings = get_settings()
logger = get_logger(__name__)
class FileValidationResult(BaseModel):
"""Result of file validation."""
is_valid: bool
file_type: str
mime_type: str
file_size: int
errors: List[str] = []
warnings: List[str] = []
class FileMetadata(BaseModel):
"""File metadata information."""
filename: str
original_filename: str
file_path: str
file_size: int
mime_type: str
file_type: str
checksum: str
created_at: datetime
metadata: Dict[str, Any] = {}
class FileManager:
"""Secure file management operations."""
# Allowed file types and their MIME types
ALLOWED_FILE_TYPES = {
'image': {
'image/jpeg', 'image/png', 'image/gif', 'image/webp',
'image/bmp', 'image/tiff'
},
'video': {
'video/mp4', 'video/webm', 'video/avi', 'video/mov',
'video/quicktime', 'video/x-msvideo'
},
'audio': {
'audio/mpeg', 'audio/wav', 'audio/ogg', 'audio/mp3',
'audio/aac', 'audio/flac'
},
'document': {
'application/pdf', 'text/plain', 'application/msword',
'application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document'
},
'archive': {
'application/zip', 'application/x-tar', 'application/gzip'
}
}
# Maximum file sizes (in bytes)
MAX_FILE_SIZES = {
'image': 10 * 1024 * 1024, # 10MB
'video': 500 * 1024 * 1024, # 500MB
'audio': 50 * 1024 * 1024, # 50MB
'document': 25 * 1024 * 1024, # 25MB
'archive': 100 * 1024 * 1024, # 100MB
}
def __init__(self, storage_path: Optional[str] = None):
"""Initialize file manager with storage path."""
self.storage_path = Path(storage_path or settings.file_storage_path)
self.ensure_storage_directories()
def ensure_storage_directories(self) -> None:
"""Ensure all required storage directories exist."""
directories = [
self.storage_path,
self.storage_path / "uploads",
self.storage_path / "videos",
self.storage_path / "thumbnails",
self.storage_path / "temp",
self.storage_path / "cache"
]
for directory in directories:
directory.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
# Set secure permissions (owner read/write/execute only)
os.chmod(directory, 0o700)
async def validate_file(self, file: UploadFile) -> FileValidationResult:
"""
Validate uploaded file for security and compliance.
Args:
file: FastAPI UploadFile object
Returns:
FileValidationResult with validation details
"""
errors = []
warnings = []
# Check file size
file_size = 0
if hasattr(file, 'size') and file.size:
file_size = file.size
else:
# Read file to get size
content = await file.read()
file_size = len(content)
await file.seek(0) # Reset file pointer
# Detect MIME type using python-magic
file_content = await file.read(1024) # Read first 1KB
await file.seek(0) # Reset file pointer
try:
mime_type = magic.from_buffer(file_content, mime=True)
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Failed to detect MIME type: {e}")
mime_type = file.content_type or 'application/octet-stream'
# Determine file type category
file_type = self._get_file_type_category(mime_type)
if not file_type:
errors.append(f"Unsupported file type: {mime_type}")
# Check file size limits
if file_type and file_size > self.MAX_FILE_SIZES.get(file_type, 0):
max_size_mb = self.MAX_FILE_SIZES[file_type] / (1024 * 1024)
errors.append(f"File too large. Maximum size for {file_type}: {max_size_mb}MB")
# Check filename
if not file.filename or len(file.filename) > 255:
errors.append("Invalid filename")
# Check for potentially dangerous file extensions
if file.filename:
dangerous_extensions = {'.exe', '.bat', '.cmd', '.scr', '.pif', '.com'}
file_ext = Path(file.filename).suffix.lower()
if file_ext in dangerous_extensions:
errors.append(f"Dangerous file extension: {file_ext}")
# Additional security checks
if file_type == 'image':
try:
# Validate image file
await file.seek(0)
content = await file.read()
await file.seek(0)
# Try to open with PIL to validate
try:
img = Image.open(io.BytesIO(content))
img.verify()
except Exception as e:
errors.append(f"Invalid image file: {str(e)}")
except Exception as e:
warnings.append(f"Could not validate image: {str(e)}")
return FileValidationResult(
is_valid=len(errors) == 0,
file_type=file_type or 'unknown',
mime_type=mime_type,
file_size=file_size,
errors=errors,
warnings=warnings
)
def _get_file_type_category(self, mime_type: str) -> Optional[str]:
"""Get file type category from MIME type."""
for category, mime_types in self.ALLOWED_FILE_TYPES.items():
if mime_type in mime_types:
return category
return None
async def store_file(
self,
file: UploadFile,
user_id: str,
file_type: str,
subdirectory: Optional[str] = None
) -> FileMetadata:
"""
Store uploaded file securely with metadata.
Args:
file: FastAPI UploadFile object
user_id: User ID for file ownership
file_type: File type category
subdirectory: Optional subdirectory for organization
Returns:
FileMetadata with storage information
Raises:
HTTPException: If file storage fails
"""
try:
# Generate secure filename
timestamp = datetime.utcnow().strftime("%Y%m%d_%H%M%S")
file_ext = Path(file.filename).suffix.lower()
secure_filename = f"{user_id}_{timestamp}_{hashlib.md5(file.filename.encode()).hexdigest()[:8]}{file_ext}"
# Determine storage path
storage_dir = self.storage_path / "uploads" / file_type
if subdirectory:
storage_dir = storage_dir / subdirectory
storage_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
file_path = storage_dir / secure_filename
# Read and store file
content = await file.read()
async with aiofiles.open(file_path, 'wb') as f:
await f.write(content)
# Set secure file permissions
os.chmod(file_path, 0o600) # Owner read/write only
# Calculate checksum
checksum = hashlib.sha256(content).hexdigest()
# Extract metadata
metadata = await self._extract_file_metadata(file_path, file_type)
file_metadata = FileMetadata(
filename=secure_filename,
original_filename=file.filename,
file_path=str(file_path),
file_size=len(content),
mime_type=file.content_type or 'application/octet-stream',
file_type=file_type,
checksum=checksum,
created_at=datetime.utcnow(),
metadata=metadata
)
logger.info(
"File stored successfully",
filename=secure_filename,
original_filename=file.filename,
file_size=len(content),
user_id=user_id,
file_type=file_type
)
return file_metadata
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to store file: {e}", exc_info=True)
raise HTTPException(
status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
detail=f"Failed to store file: {str(e)}"
)
async def _extract_file_metadata(self, file_path: Path, file_type: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Extract metadata from file based on type."""
metadata = {}
try:
if file_type == 'image':
metadata.update(await self._extract_image_metadata(file_path))
elif file_type == 'video':
metadata.update(await self._extract_video_metadata(file_path))
elif file_type == 'audio':
metadata.update(await self._extract_audio_metadata(file_path))
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Failed to extract metadata for {file_path}: {e}")
return metadata
async def _extract_image_metadata(self, file_path: Path) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Extract image metadata."""
metadata = {}
try:
with Image.open(file_path) as img:
metadata.update({
'width': img.width,
'height': img.height,
'format': img.format,
'mode': img.mode,
'has_transparency': img.mode in ('RGBA', 'LA') or 'transparency' in img.info
})
# Extract EXIF data if available
if hasattr(img, '_getexif') and img._getexif():
exif = img._getexif()
if exif:
metadata['exif'] = {k: v for k, v in exif.items() if isinstance(v, (str, int, float))}
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Failed to extract image metadata: {e}")
return metadata
async def _extract_video_metadata(self, file_path: Path) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Extract video metadata using ffmpeg."""
metadata = {}
try:
probe = ffmpeg.probe(str(file_path))
# Get video stream info
video_stream = next((stream for stream in probe['streams'] if stream['codec_type'] == 'video'), None)
if video_stream:
metadata.update({
'width': int(video_stream.get('width', 0)),
'height': int(video_stream.get('height', 0)),
'duration': float(video_stream.get('duration', 0)),
'fps': eval(video_stream.get('r_frame_rate', '0/1')),
'codec': video_stream.get('codec_name'),
'bitrate': int(video_stream.get('bit_rate', 0))
})
# Get audio stream info
audio_stream = next((stream for stream in probe['streams'] if stream['codec_type'] == 'audio'), None)
if audio_stream:
metadata.update({
'audio_codec': audio_stream.get('codec_name'),
'audio_bitrate': int(audio_stream.get('bit_rate', 0)),
'sample_rate': int(audio_stream.get('sample_rate', 0)),
'channels': int(audio_stream.get('channels', 0))
})
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Failed to extract video metadata: {e}")
return metadata
async def _extract_audio_metadata(self, file_path: Path) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""Extract audio metadata."""
metadata = {}
try:
probe = ffmpeg.probe(str(file_path))
audio_stream = next((stream for stream in probe['streams'] if stream['codec_type'] == 'audio'), None)
if audio_stream:
metadata.update({
'duration': float(audio_stream.get('duration', 0)),
'codec': audio_stream.get('codec_name'),
'bitrate': int(audio_stream.get('bit_rate', 0)),
'sample_rate': int(audio_stream.get('sample_rate', 0)),
'channels': int(audio_stream.get('channels', 0))
})
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Failed to extract audio metadata: {e}")
return metadata
async def delete_file(self, file_path: str) -> bool:
"""
Securely delete a file.
Args:
file_path: Path to file to delete
Returns:
True if file was deleted successfully
"""
try:
path = Path(file_path)
if path.exists() and path.is_file():
await aiofiles.os.remove(path)
logger.info(f"File deleted: {file_path}")
return True
return False
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to delete file {file_path}: {e}")
return False
async def cleanup_expired_files(self, retention_days: int = 30) -> int:
"""
Clean up files older than retention period.
Args:
retention_days: Number of days to retain files
Returns:
Number of files cleaned up
"""
cleanup_count = 0
cutoff_date = datetime.utcnow() - timedelta(days=retention_days)
try:
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.storage_path):
for file in files:
file_path = Path(root) / file
# Check file modification time
if file_path.stat().st_mtime < cutoff_date.timestamp():
try:
await aiofiles.os.remove(file_path)
cleanup_count += 1
logger.debug(f"Cleaned up expired file: {file_path}")
except Exception as e:
logger.warning(f"Failed to cleanup file {file_path}: {e}")
logger.info(f"Cleaned up {cleanup_count} expired files")
except Exception as e:
logger.error(f"Failed to cleanup expired files: {e}")
return cleanup_count
def get_file_url(self, file_path: str, file_type: str) -> str:
"""
Generate URL for file access.
Args:
file_path: Path to file
file_type: Type of file
Returns:
URL for file access
"""
# Extract filename from path
filename = Path(file_path).name
# Generate URL based on file type
if file_type == 'video':
return f"/api/v1/files/videos/{filename}"
elif file_type == 'image':
return f"/api/v1/files/images/{filename}"
elif file_type == 'audio':
return f"/api/v1/files/audio/{filename}"
else:
return f"/api/v1/files/download/{filename}"
# Global file manager instance
file_manager = FileManager()
# Utility functions
async def validate_upload_file(file: UploadFile) -> FileValidationResult:
"""Validate uploaded file."""
return await file_manager.validate_file(file)
async def store_upload_file(
file: UploadFile,
user_id: str,
file_type: str,
subdirectory: Optional[str] = None
) -> FileMetadata:
"""Store uploaded file securely."""
return await file_manager.store_file(file, user_id, file_type, subdirectory)
async def delete_stored_file(file_path: str) -> bool:
"""Delete stored file."""
return await file_manager.delete_file(file_path)
async def cleanup_old_files(retention_days: int = 30) -> int:
"""Clean up old files."""
return await file_manager.cleanup_expired_files(retention_days)
def generate_file_url(file_path: str, file_type: str) -> str:
"""Generate file access URL."""
return file_manager.get_file_url(file_path, file_type) |