import logging
from typing import Iterable, Optional

import tensorflow as tf

from . import config
from .preprocessing import VideoPreprocessor

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)


def _configure_tensorflow() -> None:
    """
    Apply lightweight TensorFlow runtime tweaks to avoid noisy logs and GPU OOMs.
    """
    try:
        tf.get_logger().setLevel(logging.ERROR)
        gpus = tf.config.list_physical_devices("GPU")
        for gpu in gpus:
            tf.config.experimental.set_memory_growth(gpu, True)
    except Exception as exc:
        logger.debug("TensorFlow runtime configuration skipped: %s", exc)


class LipReadingModel:
    def __init__(self, model_path: str = str(config.MODEL_PATH)):
        # Initialize character mappings before loading the model
        vocab_chars = (
            "aa\u0192bcdde\u02c6ghiklmno\u201copqrstuuvxy\u00a0\u2026?"
            "a???????????\u201a\u0160????????\u00a1\u008d?i?\u00a2\u2022?o???????????\u00a3\u2014?u??????y????'?!123456789 "
        )
        vocab = []
        seen = set()
        for ch in vocab_chars:
            if ch not in seen:
                seen.add(ch)
                vocab.append(ch)
        self.char_to_num = tf.keras.layers.StringLookup(vocabulary=vocab, oov_token="")
        self.num_to_char = tf.keras.layers.StringLookup(
            vocabulary=self.char_to_num.get_vocabulary(), oov_token="", invert=True
        )

        _configure_tensorflow()

        try:
            self.model = tf.keras.models.load_model(
                model_path,
                custom_objects={"CTCLoss": self.CTCLoss},
            )
            logger.info("Model loaded successfully from %s", model_path)
        except Exception as exc:
            logger.error("Error loading model from %s: %s", model_path, exc)
            self.model = self.build_model()

    @staticmethod
    def CTCLoss(y_true, y_pred):
        batch_len = tf.cast(tf.shape(y_true)[0], dtype="int64")
        input_length = tf.cast(tf.shape(y_pred)[1], dtype="int64")
        label_length = tf.cast(tf.shape(y_true)[1], dtype="int64")
        input_length = input_length * tf.ones(shape=(batch_len, 1), dtype="int64")
        label_length = label_length * tf.ones(shape=(batch_len, 1), dtype="int64")
        return tf.keras.backend.ctc_batch_cost(y_true, y_pred, input_length, label_length)

    def build_model(self):
        model = tf.keras.Sequential()
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv3D(64, (3, 3, 3), strides=(1, 2, 2), input_shape=(None, config.TARGET_SIZE, config.TARGET_SIZE, 1), padding="same"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization())
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Activation("relu"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPool3D((1, 2, 2), padding="same"))

        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv3D(128, (3, 3, 3), strides=(1, 2, 2), padding="same"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization())
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Activation("relu"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPool3D((1, 2, 2), padding="same"))

        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv3D(256, (3, 3, 3), strides=(1, 2, 2), padding="same"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.LayerNormalization())
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Activation("relu"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPool3D((1, 2, 2), padding="same"))

        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Conv3D(256, (3, 3, 3), padding="same"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.BatchNormalization())
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Activation("relu"))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.MaxPool3D((1, 2, 2), padding="same"))

        model.add(tf.keras.layers.TimeDistributed(tf.keras.layers.Flatten()))

        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Bidirectional(tf.keras.layers.LSTM(512, kernel_initializer="Orthogonal", return_sequences=True)))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.4))

        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Bidirectional(tf.keras.layers.LSTM(256, kernel_initializer="Orthogonal", return_sequences=True)))
        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dropout(0.4))

        model.add(tf.keras.layers.Dense(self.char_to_num.vocabulary_size() + 1, kernel_initializer="he_normal", activation="softmax"))

        logger.info("Built the fallback model architecture.")
        return model

    def predict(self, normalized_frames: Optional[tf.Tensor]):
        if self.model is None:
            return "? Model not loaded. Please check the model path and ensure the model file is accessible."

        if normalized_frames is None:
            return "? No frames extracted from the video. Please ensure the video contains a clear view of the face and lips."

        if int(tf.size(normalized_frames)) == 0:
            return "? No frames extracted from the video. Please ensure the video contains a clear view of the face and lips."

        try:
            frames = tf.expand_dims(normalized_frames, axis=0)
            yhat = self.model.predict(frames, verbose=0)

            input_length = [yhat.shape[1]]
            decoded_tf = tf.keras.backend.ctc_decode(yhat, input_length=input_length, greedy=True)[0][0]
            decoded = decoded_tf.numpy().flatten()

            prediction = "".join(
                [
                    self.num_to_char(int(num)).numpy().decode("utf-8")
                    for num in decoded
                    if int(num) != -1
                ]
            )
            return prediction.strip()
        except Exception as exc:
            logger.error("Error during prediction: %s", exc)
            return f"? An error occurred during prediction: {exc}"


def predict_from_video(
    video_path: Optional[str] = None,
    frames: Optional[Iterable] = None,
    model: Optional[LipReadingModel] = None,
    preprocessor: Optional[VideoPreprocessor] = None,
):
    """
    Predicts the text from a video file or webcam frames using the provided model.
    """
    if model is None:
        model = LipReadingModel()

    if preprocessor is None:
        preprocessor = VideoPreprocessor()

    if video_path:
        normalized_frames = preprocessor.preprocess_video(video_path)
    elif frames is not None:
        normalized_frames = preprocessor.preprocess_frames(frames)
    else:
        return "? No video or frames provided for prediction."

    if normalized_frames is None:
        return "? Unable to extract frames from the provided video."

    return model.predict(normalized_frames)