records/1797.json

{"dataset": "monaco_dev", "qid": "1797", "ex_num": 1797, "question": "how many descendants of Catherine the Great ruled Russia before the First Russian Revolution?", "answers": [6], "docs": [{"id": "5ZgVbm3X1SQVUQDnDdnJhpv5bV4GYczReqWttTsFNpyJ5fs3VGowm9omK6F3R7vmnjzC2tC7s3vuDLfWxyjGZ3eN__0__infobox__0", "title": "Catherine the Great", "section": "Catherine II", "sub_question_text": "On what date did the reign of Catherine the Great end?", "text": "\n## Catherine the Great\nImage : Empress Catherine II\nCaption : Catherine in the 1780s\n\n## Empress of Russia\nReign :\n9 July 1762 – 17 November 1796  \n(34 years, 4 months, 8 days)\nCoronation : 22 September 1762\nPredecessor : Peter III\nSuccessor : Paul I\n\n## Empress consort of Russia\nTenure : 5 January 1762 – 9 July 1762\nBorn :\nPrincess Sophie of Anhalt-Zerbst  \n2 May [O.S. 21 April] 1729  \nStettin, Kingdom of Prussia, Holy Roman Empire\nDied :\n17 November [O.S. 6 November] 1796 (aged 67)  \nWinter Palace, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire\nBurial : Saints Peter and Paul Cathedral, Saint Petersburg\nSpouse : Peter III of Russia ​ ​(m. 1745; died 1762)  ​\nIssue among others... :\n  * Paul I\n  * Grand Duchess Anna Petrovna\n  * Alexei, Count Bobrinsky\n\n(illegitimate)\n| Names | Names.1 |\n|:---|:---|\n| German: Sophia Augusta Frederica/Sophie Auguste FriederikeRussian: Екатерина Алексеевна Романова, romanized: Yekaterina Alekseyevna RomanovaEnglish: Catherine Alexeievna Romanova ||\n| Regnal name ||\n| Catherine II ||\nHouse :\n  * Ascania (by birth)\n  * Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (by marriage)\nFather : Christian August, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst\nMother : Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp\nReligion :\n  * Russian Orthodox (1744–1796)\n  * prev. Lutheran (1729–1744)\nSignature : "}, {"id": "5v6FsRbrGkcoopispYeVm1pwrG1W1jXsbjhEZdJjH6xbHiNVRq5bwJECKmmwbYY3PEgfePze1fh9dN3bjTMw1aoT__0__infobox__0", "title": "Russian Revolution of 1905", "section": "Russian Revolution of 1905", "sub_question_text": "On what date did the First Russian Revolution begin?", "text": "\n## Russian Revolution of 1905\n\n##   \nBarricades during the Moscow uprising of 1905\n| 0 | 1 |\n|:---|:---|\n| Date | 22 January 1905 – 16 June 1907 (2 years, 4 months and 25 days) |\n| Location | Russian Empire |\n| Result | Democratization of government Nicholas II retains the throne October Manifesto Constitution enacted Establishment of the State Duma |\n\n## Belligerents\nRussian Empire Supported by: * Russian Army * Okhrana * Black Hundreds * Russian nobility * Gentry assembly :\nRevolutionaries  \nSupported by:\n\n  * Saint Petersburg Soviet\n  * Moscow City Duma\n  * Chita Republic\n  * Party of Socialist Revolutionaries\n  * Russian Social Democratic Labour Party\n  * Kagal\n  * Union of Liberation\n\n## Commanders and leaders\n* Nicholas II * Sergei Witte * Dmitri Feodorovich Trepov :\n  * Leon Trotsky\n  * Georgy Gapon\n  * Pavel Milyukov\n\n## Casualties and losses\n* 3,611 killed or wounded :\n  * 15,000 killed\n  * 20,000 wounded\n  * 38,000 captured\n  * 1 battleship surrendered to Romania\n\n## 17,000 civilian killed by revolutionaries"}, {"id": "4mf8Ymm6vPBiMcLyhbhM8zXBCaR2vNy2zfM1CiUYnA3zpMZBuFT1zTN8XUUw1eWSxA6yNSeEwvmvH3qKLpEFf28F__11__table__0", "title": "List of Russian monarchs", "section": "Romanovs, 1613–1917", "sub_question_text": "Who were all the Tsars that ruled over Russia between 17 November 1796 and 22-Jan-05? [list]", "text": "| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family |\n|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|\n| Peter Ithe GreatПётр I Алексеевич (Пётр Великий) | 9 June 1672 – 8 February 1725 | 2 November 1721 | 8 February 1725 | Son of Alexis and Natalya Naryshkina Younger half-brother of Feodor III, Sophia and Ivan V Regarded as one of the greatest Russian monarchs | Romanov |\n| Catherine IЕкатерина I Алексеевна | 15 April 1684 – 17 May 1727 | 8 February 1725 | 17 May 1727 | Second wife of Peter I | Skavronsky (by birth) Romanov (by marriage) |\n| Peter IIПётр II Алексеевич | 23 October 1715 – 30 January 1730 | 18 May 1727 | 30 January 1730 | Grandson of Peter I via the murdered Tsesarevich Alexei Last male of the direct Romanov line | Romanov |\n| AnnaАнна Иоанновна | 7 February 1693 – 28 October 1740 | 13 February 1730 | 28 October 1740 | Daughter of Ivan V and Praskovia Saltykova | Romanov |\n| Ivan VIИван VI Антонович | 23 August 1740 – 16 July 1764 | 28 October 1740 | 6 December 1741 | Great-grandson of Ivan V Deposed as a baby, imprisoned and later murderedRegents: E. J. von Biron (until 20 November 1740), Anna Leopoldovna (since 20 November 1740) | Mecklenburg-Brunswick-Romanov |\n| ElizabethЕлизавета Петровна | 29 December 1709 – 5 January 1762 | 6 December 1741 | 5 January 1762 | Daughter of Peter I and Catherine I | Romanov |\n| Peter IIIПётр III Фёдорович | 21 February 1728 – 17 July 1762 | 5 January 1762 | 9 July 1762 | Grandson of Peter I Nephew of Elizabeth Deposed and later murdered | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Catherine IIthe GreatЕкатерина II Алексеевна (Екатерина Великая) | 2 May 1729 – 17 November 1796 | 9 July 1762 | 17 November 1796 | Wife of Peter III Niece-in-law of Elizabeth of Russia Died of a stroke | Ascania (by birth) Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (by marriage) |\n| Paul IПавел I Петрович | 1 October 1754 – 23 March 1801 | 17 November 1796 | 23 March 1801 | Son of Peter III and Catherine II Assassinated | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Alexander Ithe BlessedАлександр I Павлович (Александр Благословенный) | 23 December 1777 – 1 December 1825 | 23 March 1801 | 1 December 1825 | Son of Paul I and Maria Feodorovna First Romanov King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Nicholas IНиколай I Павлович | 6 July 1796 – 2 March 1855 | 1 December 1825 | 2 March 1855 | Son of Paul I and Maria Feodorovna | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Alexander IIthe LiberatorАлександр II Николаевич (Александр Освободитель) | 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 | 2 March 1855 | 13 March 1881 | Son of Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodrovna Nephew of Alexander I Assassinated | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Alexander IIIthe PeacemakerАлександр III Александрович (Александр Миротворец) | 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894 | 13 March 1881 | 1 November 1894 | Son of Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Saint Nicholas IIНиколай II Александрович | 18 May 1868 – 17 July 1918 | 1 November 1894 | 15 March 1917 | Son of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna Abdicated the throne during the February Revolution Murdered by the Bolsheviks | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |"}, {"id": "4mf8Ymm6vPBiMcLyhbhM8zXBCaR2vNy2zfM1CiUYnA3zpMZBuFT1zTN8XUUw1eWSxA6yNSeEwvmvH3qKLpEFf28F__11__table__0", "title": "List of Russian monarchs", "section": "Romanovs, 1613–1917", "sub_question_text": "Who were all the Tsars that ruled over Russia between 17 November 1796 and 22-Jan-05? [list]", "text": "| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family |\n|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|:---|\n| Peter Ithe GreatПётр I Алексеевич (Пётр Великий) | 9 June 1672 – 8 February 1725 | 2 November 1721 | 8 February 1725 | Son of Alexis and Natalya Naryshkina Younger half-brother of Feodor III, Sophia and Ivan V Regarded as one of the greatest Russian monarchs | Romanov |\n| Catherine IЕкатерина I Алексеевна | 15 April 1684 – 17 May 1727 | 8 February 1725 | 17 May 1727 | Second wife of Peter I | Skavronsky (by birth) Romanov (by marriage) |\n| Peter IIПётр II Алексеевич | 23 October 1715 – 30 January 1730 | 18 May 1727 | 30 January 1730 | Grandson of Peter I via the murdered Tsesarevich Alexei Last male of the direct Romanov line | Romanov |\n| AnnaАнна Иоанновна | 7 February 1693 – 28 October 1740 | 13 February 1730 | 28 October 1740 | Daughter of Ivan V and Praskovia Saltykova | Romanov |\n| Ivan VIИван VI Антонович | 23 August 1740 – 16 July 1764 | 28 October 1740 | 6 December 1741 | Great-grandson of Ivan V Deposed as a baby, imprisoned and later murderedRegents: E. J. von Biron (until 20 November 1740), Anna Leopoldovna (since 20 November 1740) | Mecklenburg-Brunswick-Romanov |\n| ElizabethЕлизавета Петровна | 29 December 1709 – 5 January 1762 | 6 December 1741 | 5 January 1762 | Daughter of Peter I and Catherine I | Romanov |\n| Peter IIIПётр III Фёдорович | 21 February 1728 – 17 July 1762 | 5 January 1762 | 9 July 1762 | Grandson of Peter I Nephew of Elizabeth Deposed and later murdered | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Catherine IIthe GreatЕкатерина II Алексеевна (Екатерина Великая) | 2 May 1729 – 17 November 1796 | 9 July 1762 | 17 November 1796 | Wife of Peter III Niece-in-law of Elizabeth of Russia Died of a stroke | Ascania (by birth) Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov (by marriage) |\n| Paul IПавел I Петрович | 1 October 1754 – 23 March 1801 | 17 November 1796 | 23 March 1801 | Son of Peter III and Catherine II Assassinated | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Alexander Ithe BlessedАлександр I Павлович (Александр Благословенный) | 23 December 1777 – 1 December 1825 | 23 March 1801 | 1 December 1825 | Son of Paul I and Maria Feodorovna First Romanov King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Nicholas IНиколай I Павлович | 6 July 1796 – 2 March 1855 | 1 December 1825 | 2 March 1855 | Son of Paul I and Maria Feodorovna | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Alexander IIthe LiberatorАлександр II Николаевич (Александр Освободитель) | 29 April 1818 – 13 March 1881 | 2 March 1855 | 13 March 1881 | Son of Nicholas I and Alexandra Feodrovna Nephew of Alexander I Assassinated | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Alexander IIIthe PeacemakerАлександр III Александрович (Александр Миротворец) | 10 March 1845 – 1 November 1894 | 13 March 1881 | 1 November 1894 | Son of Alexander II and Maria Alexandrovna | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |\n| Saint Nicholas IIНиколай II Александрович | 18 May 1868 – 17 July 1918 | 1 November 1894 | 15 March 1917 | Son of Alexander III and Maria Feodorovna Abdicated the throne during the February Revolution Murdered by the Bolsheviks | Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov |"}, {"id": "5ZgVbm3X1SQVUQDnDdnJhpv5bV4GYczReqWttTsFNpyJ5fs3VGowm9omK6F3R7vmnjzC2tC7s3vuDLfWxyjGZ3eN__30__table__0", "title": "Catherine the Great", "section": "Children", "sub_question_text": "Was Paul I a descendant of Catherine the Great?", "text": "| Name | Lifespan | Notes |\n|:---|:---|:---|\n| Miscarriage | 20 December 1752 | According to court gossip, this lost pregnancy was attributed to Sergei Saltykov. |\n| Miscarriage | 30 June 1753 | This second lost pregnancy was also attributed to Saltykov; this time she was very ill for 13 days. Catherine later wrote in her memoirs: \"...They suspect that part of the afterbirth has not come away ... on the 13th day it came out by itself\". |\n| Paul (I) Petrovich Emperor of Russia | 1 October 1754 – 23 March 1801 (aged 46) | Born at the Winter Palace, officially he was a son of Peter III but in her memoirs, Catherine implies very strongly that Saltykov was the biological father of the child, though she later retracted this. He married firstly Princess Wilhelmina Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt in 1773 and had no issue. He married secondly, in 1776, Princess Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg and had issue, including the future Alexander I of Russia and Nicholas I of Russia. He succeeded as emperor of Russia in 1796 and was murdered at Saint Michael's Castle in 1801. |\n| Anna Petrovna Grand Duchess of Russia | 9 December 1757 – 8 March 1759 (aged 15 months) | Possibly the offspring of Catherine and Stanislaus Poniatowski, Anna was born at the Winter Palace between 10 and 11 o'clock; she was named by Empress Elizabeth after her deceased sister, against Catherine's wishes. On 17 December 1757, Anna was baptised and received the Great Cross of the Order of Saint Catherine. Elizabeth served as godmother; she held Anna above the baptismal font and brought Catherine, who did not witness any of the celebrations, and Peter a gift of 60,000 rubles. Elizabeth took Anna and raised the baby herself, as she had done with Paul. In her memoirs, Catherine makes no mention of Anna's death on 8 March 1759, though she was inconsolable and entered a state of shock. Anna's funeral took place on 15 March, at Alexander Nevsky Lavra. After the funeral, Catherine never mentioned her dead daughter again. |\n| Aleksey Grigorievich Bobrinsky Count Bobrinsky | 11 April 1762 – 20 June 1813 (aged 51) | Born at the Winter Palace, he was brought up at Bobriki; his father was Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov. He married Baroness Anna Dorothea von Ungern-Sternberg and had issue. Created Count Bobrinsky in 1796, he died in 1813. |\n| Elizabeth Grigorieva Temkina (alleged daughter) | 13 July 1775 – 25 May 1854 (aged 78) | Born many years after the death of Catherine's husband, brought up in the Samoilov household as Grigory Potemkin's daughter, and never acknowledged by Catherine, it has been suggested that Temkina was the illegitimate child of Catherine and Potemkin, but this is now regarded as unlikely. |"}, {"id": "2MNvkR55HHAnSxhN54EgXhiAAoh73X51LTZyyS5SkkYZMM9ko6qE66eUvBn1hNthXsQXxempygLLbBpCQcMTmupu__21__paragraph__0", "title": "Alexander I of Russia", "section": "Personal life", "sub_question_text": "Was Alexander I a descendant of Catherine the Great?", "text": "On 9 October 1793, Alexander married Louise of Baden, known as Elizabeth Alexeievna after her conversion to the Orthodox Church. He later told his friend Frederick William III that the marriage, a political match devised by his grandmother, Catherine the Great, regrettably proved to be a misfortune for him and his spouse. Their two children died young, though their common sorrow drew the spouses closer together. After a relationship with his mistress Maria Naryshkina from 1799 until 1818, Alexander suffered the death of their beloved daughter Sophia Naryshkina, and the Empress' generous sympathy for his grief strengthened their marital bond."}, {"id": "5ZgVbm3X1SQVUQDnDdnJhpv5bV4GYczReqWttTsFNpyJ5fs3VGowm9omK6F3R7vmnjzC2tC7s3vuDLfWxyjGZ3eN__13__paragraph__0", "title": "Catherine the Great", "section": "Reign (1762–1796)", "sub_question_text": "Was Nicholas I a descendant of Catherine the Great?", "text": "Nicholas I, her grandson, evaluated the foreign policy of Catherine the Great as a dishonest one. Catherine failed to reach any of the initial goals she had put forward. Her foreign policy lacked a long-term strategy and from the very start was characterised by a series of mistakes. She lost the large territories of the Russian protectorate of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania and left its territories to Prussia and Austria. The Commonwealth had become the Russian protectorate since the reign of Peter I, but he did not intervene into the problem of political freedoms of dissidents advocating for their religious freedoms only. Catherine did turn Russia into a global great power, not only a European one, but with quite a different reputation from what she initially had planned as an honest policy. The global trade of Russian natural resources and Russian grain provoked famines, starvation and fear of famines in Russia. Her dynasty lost power because of this and of a war with Austria and Germany, impossible without her foreign policy."}, {"id": "2MNvkR55HHAnSxhN54EgXhiAAoh73X51LTZyyS5SkkYZMM9ko6qE66eUvBn1hNthXsQXxempygLLbBpCQcMTmupu__2__paragraph__0", "title": "Alexander I of Russia", "section": "Early life", "sub_question_text": "Was Alexander I a descendant of Catherine the Great?", "text": "Alexander was born at 10:45, on 23 December 1777 in Saint Petersburg, and he and his younger brother Constantine were raised by their grandmother, Catherine. He was baptized on 31 December in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace by mitred archpriest Ioann Ioannovich Panfilov (confessor of Empress Catherine II). His godmother was Catherine the Great, and his godfathers were Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, and Frederick the Great. He was named after Alexander Nevsky, the patron saint of Saint Petersburg. As competing aspects of his upbringing, he imbibed the principles of Rousseau's gospel of humanity from the free-thinking atmosphere of the court of Catherine and his Swiss tutor, Frédéric-César de La Harpe, whereas he imbibed the traditions of Russian autocracy from his military governor, Nikolay Saltykov. Andrey Afanasyevich Samborsky, whom his grandmother chose to be his religious instructor, was an atypical, unbearded Orthodox priest. Samborsky had long lived in England and taught Alexander and his brother Constantine excellent English, a very uncommon accouterment for potential Russian autocrats of the time.[citation needed]"}, {"id": "4heCpP97tx4swJh5RiBHqjnLZkiwDEYARToaPQrz6NaPQxC5Uhv2AozYzs4arDwxYijNdqzGdj7DFupbygMUPDtC__2__paragraph__1", "title": "Nicholas I of Russia", "section": "Early life and road to power", "sub_question_text": "Was Nicholas I a descendant of Catherine the Great?", "text": "Four months after Nicholas's birth, his grandmother, Catherine the Great, died and his parents became Emperor and Empress of Russia. In 1800, at the age of four years, Nicholas was named Grand Prior of Russia and entitled to wear the Maltese cross. Nicholas grew up to be a fine young man. Riasanovsky says of him that he is \"the most handsome man in Europe, but also a charmer who enjoyed feminine company and was often at his best with the men.\""}]}