data/disease_info.json

{
  "Apple___Apple_scab": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal disease (Venturia inaequalis) that appears as olive-green to dark, velvety spots on leaves. Infected leaves may yellow, curl, and drop early, reducing tree vigor and fruit quality.",
    "treatment": "Remove and destroy fallen leaves and infected debris; prune to improve airflow and reduce leaf wetness; avoid overhead irrigation; apply a locally recommended fungicide program starting at early season if the disease is recurring (follow label and local extension guidance)."
  },
  "Apple___Black_rot": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A fungal disease (Botryosphaeria spp.) that can cause brown to black lesions on leaves and may also infect fruit and twigs. It often survives in mummified fruit, dead wood, and cankers.",
    "treatment": "Prune out dead/diseased wood and remove mummified fruit; sanitize tools between cuts; improve canopy airflow; keep trees vigorous with proper watering and nutrition; use appropriate fungicides when conditions favor disease and where recommended locally."
  },
  "Apple___Cedar_apple_rust": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A rust disease (Gymnosporangium juniperi-virginianae) causing yellow-orange spots on apple leaves, sometimes with raised lesions. It requires both apple and nearby juniper/cedar hosts to complete its life cycle.",
    "treatment": "If feasible, reduce nearby juniper/cedar sources or remove rust galls; plant resistant varieties when possible; prune for airflow; apply preventive fungicides during susceptible periods if rust is common in your area (per local recommendations)."
  },
  "Apple___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no obvious signs of disease such as spots, mildew, blight, or mosaic patterns.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain good spacing, balanced fertilization, and regular monitoring; water at the base to keep foliage dry."
  },
  "Blueberry___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with normal color and no visible lesions or discoloration patterns.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain proper soil acidity for blueberries, consistent watering, and remove weeds to reduce stress."
  },
  "Cherry_(including_sour)___Powdery_mildew": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal disease that produces white, powdery growth on leaf surfaces. It can cause leaf curling, reduced photosynthesis, and weakened growth, especially in warm days and cool nights.",
    "treatment": "Prune for airflow and light penetration; remove heavily infected leaves where practical; avoid excess nitrogen that promotes tender growth; apply sulfur or other labeled fungicides early when symptoms begin (follow local guidance and label directions)."
  },
  "Cherry_(including_sour)___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no powdery coating, lesions, or abnormal discoloration.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Keep good airflow through pruning and avoid wetting foliage unnecessarily."
  },
  "Corn_(maize)___Cercospora_leaf_spot Gray_leaf_spot": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A fungal leaf disease (gray leaf spot) causing rectangular, gray-tan lesions that follow the leaf veins. Severe infection reduces leaf area, lowering yield, especially in warm, humid conditions.",
    "treatment": "Rotate crops and manage corn residue (pathogen overwinters in debris); choose resistant hybrids when available; avoid dense canopies where possible; consider fungicide application at recommended growth stages if disease pressure is high (per agronomic/local extension advice)."
  },
  "Corn_(maize)___Common_rust_": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal disease producing small, raised, rust-colored pustules on leaves. It can reduce photosynthesis, especially when severe, and is favored by moderate temperatures and moisture.",
    "treatment": "Plant resistant varieties when available; monitor fields; rotate crops and manage volunteer corn; fungicides may be used if rust is severe and crop stage/yield potential justify it (follow local agronomy recommendations)."
  },
  "Corn_(maize)___Northern_Leaf_Blight": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A fungal disease (Exserohilum turcicum) causing long, cigar-shaped gray-green to tan lesions on leaves. Heavy infection can lead to significant yield losses in humid conditions.",
    "treatment": "Use resistant hybrids; rotate away from corn and manage infected residue; improve airflow by appropriate planting density; apply fungicides when warranted based on scouting, weather risk, and local recommendations."
  },
  "Corn_(maize)___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no rust pustules, blight lesions, or gray leaf spot symptoms.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain balanced fertility and irrigation; continue scouting for early disease detection."
  },
  "Grape___Black_rot": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A fungal disease (Guignardia bidwellii) causing brown leaf spots with dark margins and tiny black fruiting bodies. It can also severely affect fruit, leading to shriveled ‘mummies’.",
    "treatment": "Remove and destroy mummified berries and infected debris; prune to open the canopy and improve airflow; avoid overhead irrigation; use preventive fungicides during the susceptible period if black rot is common (follow local viticulture guidance)."
  },
  "Grape___Esca_(Black_Measles)": {
    "severity": "Severe",
    "description": "A complex trunk disease associated with multiple fungi, causing leaf ‘tiger stripe’ patterns and reduced vine vigor. It can lead to chronic decline and sudden vine collapse in some cases.",
    "treatment": "Prune out diseased wood where possible and protect pruning wounds; sanitize tools; improve vine health (avoid stress); remove severely affected vines if decline is advanced; consult local viticulture resources—chemical control is limited and management is mainly cultural/sanitation."
  },
  "Grape___Leaf_blight_(Isariopsis_Leaf_Spot)": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal leaf spot disease causing angular to irregular brown lesions that may coalesce, reducing leaf function and overall vine vigor under humid conditions.",
    "treatment": "Remove infected leaves when practical; improve canopy airflow through pruning and training; avoid prolonged leaf wetness; apply labeled fungicides if disease pressure is high and conditions remain favorable (per local guidance)."
  },
  "Grape___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no blotches, leaf spots, or striping patterns.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain good canopy management and regular monitoring."
  },
  "Orange___Haunglongbing_(Citrus_greening)": {
    "severity": "Severe",
    "description": "A serious bacterial disease (HLB) spread by psyllids, causing blotchy mottling, yellow shoots, and overall decline. Fruit may be misshapen and bitter. It is difficult to cure once infected.",
    "treatment": "Control psyllid vectors (integrated pest management); remove and replace severely infected trees when advised; maintain tree nutrition to reduce stress; consult local citrus authorities/extension services for region-specific management—early detection and vector control are critical."
  },
  "Peach___Bacterial_spot": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A bacterial disease causing small dark spots that can enlarge and lead to shot-holes or leaf drop. It can also affect fruit and twigs, especially in warm, wet weather.",
    "treatment": "Use resistant varieties if available; avoid overhead watering; prune for airflow; apply copper-based bactericides or other labeled materials at recommended times (often dormant/early season) according to local extension recommendations."
  },
  "Peach___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no bacterial spotting, shot-holes, or abnormal discoloration.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Keep trees healthy with proper pruning, irrigation, and sanitation."
  },
  "Pepper,_bell___Bacterial_spot": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A bacterial disease causing water-soaked leaf spots that turn brown/black, sometimes with yellow halos. It can spread quickly in warm, wet conditions and by contaminated tools or splashing water.",
    "treatment": "Use disease-free seed/transplants; avoid working plants when wet; rotate crops and remove infected debris; avoid overhead irrigation; copper-based sprays (often with other products depending on local guidance) may reduce spread—follow label and local recommendations."
  },
  "Pepper,_bell___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no dark bacterial lesions or yellow halos.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain good spacing and water at the base to keep foliage dry."
  },
  "Potato___Early_blight": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A fungal disease (Alternaria solani) causing brown spots with concentric rings (‘target’ pattern) on older leaves. It can defoliate plants and reduce yield, especially under stress.",
    "treatment": "Remove infected leaves where feasible; rotate crops (avoid planting potatoes/tomatoes in same area consecutively); maintain consistent watering and nutrition; use labeled fungicides preventively or at first symptoms in high-risk conditions (follow local extension guidance)."
  },
  "Potato___Late_blight": {
    "severity": "Severe",
    "description": "A destructive disease (Phytophthora infestans) causing rapidly spreading water-soaked lesions that turn brown/black; may show white fuzzy growth under humid conditions. Can destroy foliage quickly and infect tubers.",
    "treatment": "Act quickly: remove and destroy severely infected foliage; avoid overhead irrigation; ensure good airflow; use resistant varieties when possible; apply appropriate blight fungicides on a strict schedule during outbreaks (consult local extension—late blight management is time-sensitive)."
  },
  "Potato___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no target spots or rapidly spreading blight lesions.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Continue scouting, especially during cool, wet weather."
  },
  "Raspberry___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no visible fungal spots, rust, or mildew symptoms.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain good pruning and spacing to reduce humidity in the canopy."
  },
  "Soybean___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no obvious lesions, mosaic, or blight symptoms.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain good fertility and scout regularly for pests and disease."
  },
  "Squash___Powdery_mildew": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal disease causing white powdery patches on leaves that can expand and lead to yellowing, browning, and reduced yield. Common in warm weather with humid nights.",
    "treatment": "Remove heavily infected leaves; improve airflow and avoid crowding; water at the base; apply sulfur or other labeled fungicides early (or horticultural oils/bicarbonates depending on local guidance) and rotate modes of action to reduce resistance."
  },
  "Strawberry___Leaf_scorch": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal disease causing small purple to dark spots that can merge, giving leaves a scorched appearance. Severe cases reduce plant vigor and fruit production.",
    "treatment": "Remove old infected leaves and improve airflow; avoid overhead irrigation; keep plants well-spaced; apply labeled fungicides if disease is persistent and weather favors spread (consult local recommendations)."
  },
  "Strawberry___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with no dark scorch lesions or extensive spotting.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Maintain good sanitation by removing old leaves and keeping beds clean."
  },
  "Tomato___Bacterial_spot": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A bacterial disease producing small dark leaf spots, sometimes with yellow halos. Spots may merge, causing leaf yellowing and defoliation, often worsening with warm, wet weather.",
    "treatment": "Use disease-free seed/transplants; avoid overhead irrigation and handling plants when wet; remove infected debris; rotate crops; copper-based bactericides can help reduce spread (often preventative)—follow label and local extension guidance."
  },
  "Tomato___Early_blight": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A fungal disease causing brown lesions with concentric rings, typically starting on older leaves. It can lead to defoliation and reduced yield, especially when plants are stressed.",
    "treatment": "Remove infected lower leaves; mulch to reduce soil splash; rotate crops; water consistently at the base; apply labeled fungicides preventively or at first symptoms when conditions favor disease (follow local guidance)."
  },
  "Tomato___Late_blight": {
    "severity": "Severe",
    "description": "A fast-moving disease (Phytophthora infestans) causing irregular, water-soaked lesions that quickly turn brown/black. Under humid conditions, white fuzzy growth may appear on lesion edges. Can ruin plants rapidly.",
    "treatment": "Remove and destroy infected material promptly; avoid overhead watering; increase airflow; apply appropriate fungicides immediately in outbreak conditions (consult local extension); do not compost infected plants; monitor nearby potatoes/tomatoes."
  },
  "Tomato___Leaf_Mold": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal disease favored by high humidity, causing pale green/yellow spots on upper leaf surfaces and olive-brown moldy growth on the undersides.",
    "treatment": "Reduce humidity (ventilate, increase spacing, prune); water at the base; remove infected leaves; apply labeled fungicides if needed, especially in greenhouse/high humidity environments."
  },
  "Tomato___Septoria_leaf_spot": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A fungal leaf spot disease causing many small circular spots with dark margins and lighter centers. It often starts on lower leaves and can cause heavy defoliation.",
    "treatment": "Remove infected lower leaves; avoid overhead irrigation; mulch to prevent soil splash; rotate crops; sanitize stakes/cages; apply labeled fungicides during favorable conditions (per local extension guidance)."
  },
  "Tomato___Spider_mites Two-spotted_spider_mite": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A pest infestation (not a disease) where mites cause fine stippling (tiny yellow/white specks), leaf bronzing, and sometimes webbing. Damage increases in hot, dry conditions.",
    "treatment": "Spray leaf undersides with water to reduce mites; remove heavily infested leaves; increase humidity where appropriate; use insecticidal soap or horticultural oil thoroughly; consider labeled miticides if severe—rotate products to prevent resistance and protect beneficial insects."
  },
  "Tomato___Target_Spot": {
    "severity": "Moderate",
    "description": "A fungal disease causing brown lesions that may develop concentric rings. It can affect leaves and sometimes fruit, and is favored by warm, humid conditions.",
    "treatment": "Improve airflow (prune/stake), avoid overhead irrigation, remove infected debris, rotate crops; apply labeled fungicides if disease pressure is high and weather remains favorable."
  },
  "Tomato___Tomato_Yellow_Leaf_Curl_Virus": {
    "severity": "Severe",
    "description": "A viral disease transmitted mainly by whiteflies. Leaves may curl upward, yellow between veins, and plants become stunted with reduced fruit set.",
    "treatment": "Control whiteflies (yellow sticky traps, reflective mulch, insect netting, and labeled insecticides when appropriate); remove heavily infected plants to reduce spread; use resistant varieties; keep weeds down (they can host whiteflies/virus)."
  },
  "Tomato___Tomato_mosaic_virus": {
    "severity": "High",
    "description": "A viral disease causing mottled light/dark green patterns, leaf distortion, and reduced growth. It can spread mechanically through hands, tools, and contaminated plant material.",
    "treatment": "There is no cure: remove infected plants; disinfect tools and wash hands; avoid tobacco handling around plants; use resistant varieties and certified clean seed/transplants; control weeds that can host the virus."
  },
  "Tomato___healthy": {
    "severity": "None",
    "description": "Leaf appears healthy with normal color and no obvious lesions, mold, or mosaic patterns.",
    "treatment": "No treatment needed. Continue monitoring and maintain good watering, nutrition, and airflow."
  },
  "not_a_leaf": {
    "severity": "Unknown",
    "description": "The image was not recognized as a plant leaf (it may be a non-leaf object, unclear photo, or multiple objects).",
    "treatment": "Upload a clear, well-lit photo of a single leaf in focus (avoid heavy shadows and very busy backgrounds)."
  }
}