weather_data_analyst_app.py

# Weather Data Analyst App - Gradio
# ==============================================================================

import gradio as gr
import requests
import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import warnings
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from statsmodels.tsa.stattools import adfuller, kpss
from statsmodels.tsa.seasonal import seasonal_decompose
from statsmodels.graphics.tsaplots import plot_acf, plot_pacf
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.dates as mdates
import seaborn as sns

warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

# ------------------------------
# 1. Data Fetching Functions
# ------------------------------

def get_lat_lon(location):
    """
    Geocode 'City', 'City, Country', 'City, US' or 'City, Tennessee' via the
    Open-Meteo geocoding API. Comma qualifiers are matched client-side against
    country name, ISO country code and admin1 (state/region), because the API
    itself cannot parse ISO codes or state names. Bare names keep returning
    the API's top-ranked match (backwards compatible).
    NOTE: keep in sync with the identical logic in the Climate_Risk_Monitoring
    Space (_resolve_location) and the other two upstream Spaces.
    """
    try:
        url = "https://geocoding-api.open-meteo.com/v1/search"

        def search(query, count=10):
            resp = requests.get(
                url,
                params={"name": query, "count": count, "language": "en", "format": "json"},
                timeout=10,
            )
            if resp.status_code == 200:
                return resp.json().get("results") or []
            return []

        raw = (location or "").strip().strip(".")
        city, _, qualifier = raw.partition(",")
        city, qualifier = city.strip(), qualifier.strip()

        candidates = search(raw)  # handles 'City' and 'City, CountryName'
        if not candidates and qualifier:
            qual = qualifier.lower().rstrip(".")
            qual = {  # common aliases -> official country name (keep in sync)
                "uk": "united kingdom", "u.k": "united kingdom",
                "great britain": "united kingdom",
                "usa": "united states", "u.s": "united states",
                "u.s.a": "united states", "america": "united states",
                "uae": "united arab emirates", "holland": "netherlands",
            }.get(qual, qual)
            candidates = [c for c in search(city) if qual in (
                (c.get("country") or "").lower(),
                (c.get("country_code") or "").lower(),
                (c.get("admin1") or "").lower(),
            )]
        if candidates:
            result = candidates[0]
            return {
                "location": result["name"],
                "country": result.get("country", "Unknown"),
                "latitude": result["latitude"],
                "longitude": result["longitude"],
                "timezone": result.get("timezone", "UTC")
            }
        return {"error": f"Location '{location}' not found"}
    except Exception as e:
        return {"error": str(e)}

def fetch_historical_weather(latitude: float, longitude: float, days: int = 365) -> tuple:
    """
    Fetch daily historical weather from NASA POWER API.
    Source: https://power.larc.nasa.gov  — NASA servers, no API key, global,
    data from 1981 to present. Completely independent of open-meteo.
    Returns (DataFrame, error_string).
    DataFrame columns: ds, Temperature, Precipitation, Wind_Speed
    NASA POWER parameters used:
      T2M          — temperature at 2m (°C)
      PRECTOTCORR  — corrected precipitation (mm/day)
      WS10M        — wind speed at 10m (m/s) → converted to km/h
    """
    try:
        end_date   = datetime.now() - timedelta(days=1)
        start_date = end_date - timedelta(days=days)

        r = requests.get(
            "https://power.larc.nasa.gov/api/temporal/daily/point",
            params={
                "parameters": "T2M,PRECTOTCORR,WS10M",
                "community":  "RE",
                "longitude":  round(longitude, 4),
                "latitude":   round(latitude, 4),
                "start":      start_date.strftime("%Y%m%d"),
                "end":        end_date.strftime("%Y%m%d"),
                "format":     "JSON",
            },
            timeout=60,
        )

        if r.status_code != 200:
            return pd.DataFrame(), f"NASA POWER HTTP {r.status_code}: {r.text[:200]}"

        data = r.json()
        params = data.get("properties", {}).get("parameter", {})

        if not params:
            return pd.DataFrame(), "NASA POWER response missing 'parameter' data"

        t2m   = params.get("T2M", {})
        prec  = params.get("PRECTOTCORR", {})
        ws10m = params.get("WS10M", {})

        if not t2m:
            return pd.DataFrame(), "NASA POWER returned no temperature data"

        dates = sorted(t2m.keys())
        df = pd.DataFrame({
            "ds":            pd.to_datetime(dates, format="%Y%m%d"),
            "Temperature":   [t2m.get(d, np.nan)   for d in dates],
            "Precipitation": [prec.get(d, np.nan)  for d in dates],
            # NASA POWER WS10M is in m/s → convert to km/h
            "Wind_Speed":    [ws10m.get(d, np.nan) * 3.6 for d in dates],
        })

        # NASA POWER uses -999 as fill value for missing data
        df = df.replace(-999, np.nan).dropna()

        if len(df) < 30:
            return pd.DataFrame(), f"Only {len(df)} days of data — need at least 30"

        return df, None

    except Exception as e:
        return pd.DataFrame(), str(e)

# ------------------------------
# 2. Statistical Analysis
# ------------------------------

def perform_statistical_tests(df, column):
    ts = df[column].dropna()
    with warnings.catch_warnings():
        warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
        adf_result = adfuller(ts)
        adf_stationary = bool(adf_result[1] < 0.05)
        kpss_result = kpss(ts, regression='c')
        kpss_stationary = bool(kpss_result[1] > 0.05)

    rows = [
        ["Mean", f"{ts.mean():.4f}"],
        ["Std Dev", f"{ts.std():.4f}"],
        ["Min", f"{ts.min():.4f}"],
        ["Max", f"{ts.max():.4f}"],
        ["ADF Test Statistic", f"{adf_result[0]:.4f}"],
        ["ADF p-value", f"{adf_result[1]:.4f}"],
        ["ADF Stationary", "Yes" if adf_stationary else "No"],
        ["KPSS Test Statistic", f"{kpss_result[0]:.4f}"],
        ["KPSS p-value", f"{kpss_result[1]:.4f}"],
        ["KPSS Stationary", "Yes" if kpss_stationary else "No"],
    ]
    result_df = pd.DataFrame(rows, columns=["Parameter", "Value"])

    if adf_stationary and kpss_stationary:
        conclusion = f"{column} is stationary (both ADF and KPSS agree)."
    elif adf_stationary and not kpss_stationary:
        conclusion = f"{column} is trend-stationary (ADF stationary, KPSS non-stationary)."
    elif not adf_stationary and kpss_stationary:
        conclusion = f"{column} is difference-stationary (ADF non-stationary, KPSS stationary)."
    else:
        conclusion = f"{column} is non-stationary (both ADF and KPSS agree)."

    return result_df, conclusion


# ------------------------------
# 3. Visualization Functions
# ------------------------------

def plot_lineplot(df, column, location_name):
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4))
    ax.plot(df['ds'], df[column], label=column, color='tab:blue')
    ax.set_title(f"{column} Over Time - {location_name}", fontsize=12)
    ax.set_xlabel('Date')
    ax.set_ylabel(column)
    ax.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
    plt.xticks(rotation=45)
    plt.tight_layout()
    return fig


def plot_boxplot(df, column, location_name):
    data_reset = df.reset_index(drop=True).copy()
    data_reset['Month'] = data_reset['ds'].dt.strftime('%B')
    months_order = [
        'January', 'February', 'March', 'April', 'May', 'June',
        'July', 'August', 'September', 'October', 'November', 'December'
    ]
    # Keep only months present in data
    present_months = [m for m in months_order if m in data_reset['Month'].values]
    fig, ax = plt.subplots(figsize=(12, 4))
    sns.boxplot(
        x='Month', y=column, data=data_reset,
        order=present_months, palette='Set3', ax=ax
    )
    ax.set_title(f"{column} Distribution per Month - {location_name}", fontsize=12)
    ax.set_xlabel('Month', fontsize=10)
    ax.set_ylabel(column, fontsize=10)
    ax.tick_params(axis='x', rotation=45, labelsize=10)
    ax.tick_params(axis='y', labelsize=10)
    ax.grid(True, linestyle='--', alpha=0.7)
    plt.tight_layout()
    return fig


def plot_autocorrelation(df, column):
    fig, axs = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(12, 4))
    plot_acf(df[column].dropna(), lags=21, ax=axs[0], color="fuchsia")
    axs[0].set_title(f"Autocorrelation - {column}")
    plot_pacf(df[column].dropna(), lags=21, ax=axs[1], color="lime")
    axs[1].set_title(f"Partial Autocorrelation - {column}")
    plt.tight_layout()
    return fig


def plot_decomposition(df, column, model, period):
    try:
        result = seasonal_decompose(df[column].dropna(), model=model, period=period)
        fig = result.plot()
        fig.suptitle(f"Seasonal Decomposition of {column}", fontsize=13, y=1.02)
        plt.tight_layout()
        return fig, ""
    except Exception as e:
        return None, f"An error occurred during decomposition: {e}"


# ------------------------------
# 4. Main Analysis Function
# ------------------------------

def analyze_weather(location, variable, decomposition_model, decomposition_period, days):
    if not location:
        return (
            "Please enter a location.", None,
            None, None, None,
            None, None, "",
        )

    # Step 1: Geocode
    loc_data = get_lat_lon(location)
    if "error" in loc_data:
        return (
            f"Error: {loc_data['error']}", None,
            None, None, None,
            None, None, "",
        )

    location_label = f"{loc_data['location']}, {loc_data['country']}"

    # Step 2: Fetch weather data
    df, fetch_error = fetch_historical_weather(loc_data['latitude'], loc_data['longitude'], days=int(days))
    if fetch_error or df.empty:
        return (
            f"Failed to fetch weather data: {fetch_error}", None,
            None, None, None,
            None, None, "",
        )

    # Step 3: Data Table — show only Date + selected variable
    display_df = df[['ds', variable]].copy()
    display_df['ds'] = display_df['ds'].dt.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
    display_df = display_df.rename(columns={'ds': 'Date'})

    # Step 4: Visualizations
    lineplot_fig = plot_lineplot(df, variable, location_label)
    boxplot_fig = plot_boxplot(df, variable, location_label)
    autocorr_fig = plot_autocorrelation(df, variable)

    # Step 5: Decomposition
    decomp_fig, _ = plot_decomposition(df, variable, decomposition_model, int(decomposition_period))

    # Step 6: Statistical Tests
    stats_df, stats_conclusion = perform_statistical_tests(df, variable)

    status_msg = f"✅ Analysis complete for **{location_label}** | Variable: **{variable}** | {len(df)} days of data loaded."

    return (
        status_msg,
        display_df,
        lineplot_fig,
        boxplot_fig,
        autocorr_fig,
        decomp_fig,
        stats_df,
        stats_conclusion,
    )


# ------------------------------
# 5. Gradio Interface
# ------------------------------

def build_interface():
    with gr.Blocks() as iface:
        gr.Markdown("# 🌦️ Weather Data Analyst Dashboard")
        gr.Markdown("""
        Enter a location and configure the analysis parameters.
        Weather data is fetched from the [NASA POWER API](https://power.larc.nasa.gov).
        """)

        # Input Section
        with gr.Row():
            location_input = gr.Textbox(label="Location", placeholder="e.g., London, Tokyo, Milan")
            variable_input = gr.Dropdown(
                choices=["Temperature", "Precipitation", "Wind_Speed"],
                value="Temperature",
                label="Weather Variable"
            )
            decomp_model_display = gr.Textbox(
                value="additive",
                label="Decomposition Model (auto)",
                interactive=False
            )
            decomp_period_input = gr.Number(
                value=7,
                label="Decomposition Period (days)",
                precision=0
            )
            days_input = gr.Dropdown(
                choices=[90, 180, 365, 730, 1095, 1825],
                value=90,
                label="Historical Window (days)"
            )

        analyze_button = gr.Button("Analyze Weather", variant="primary")

        status_output = gr.Markdown(label="Status")

        # Output Tabs
        with gr.Tabs():
            with gr.Tab("Data Table"):
                data_output = gr.Dataframe(label="Weather Data")

            with gr.Tab("Data Visualization"):
                with gr.Row():
                    lineplot_output = gr.Plot(label="Line Plot")
                    boxplot_output = gr.Plot(label="Box Plot")
                autocorr_output = gr.Plot(label="Autocorrelation Plots")

            with gr.Tab("Time Series Decomposition"):
                decomposition_output = gr.Plot(label="Decomposition Plot")

            with gr.Tab("Statistical Analysis"):
                stats_table_output = gr.Dataframe(label="Statistical Tests (ADF & KPSS)")
                stats_conclusion_output = gr.Textbox(label="Conclusion", interactive=False)

        def set_decomp_model(variable):
            return "multiplicative" if variable == "Wind_Speed" else "additive"

        variable_input.change(
            set_decomp_model,
            inputs=[variable_input],
            outputs=[decomp_model_display]
        )

        analyze_button.click(
            analyze_weather,
            inputs=[
                location_input,
                variable_input,
                decomp_model_display,
                decomp_period_input,
                days_input,
            ],
            outputs=[
                status_output,
                data_output,
                lineplot_output,
                boxplot_output,
                autocorr_output,
                decomposition_output,
                stats_table_output,
                stats_conclusion_output,
            ]
        )

    return iface


# ------------------------------
# 6. Launch
# ------------------------------

if __name__ == "__main__":
    interface = build_interface()
    interface.launch()