Code_files/al_masudi_s45_batch_02.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""
al_masudi_s45_batch_02.py — Session 45, Batch 02: Human trade entries.
Zanj revolt, Saffarid captives, military-slave economy, ghulam system.

Source: DarFikr Vol.2, scattered pages.
"""

import sys
import os
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)))
from amr_al_masudi import w, track, report

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# ZANJ REVOLT — صاحب الزنج (pp.571-572)
# East African captive laborers in Basra salt marshes
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# ─── am_38: Zanj revolt heading ──────────────────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="حرب صاحب الزنج",
    gloss="War of the Master of the Zanj (captive East African laborers)",
    page=571,
    entry_type="HEADING",
    intel="SLAVE_TRADE",
    section="al-Mu'tamid caliphate — Zanj revolt",
    region="Basra / southern Iraq",
    period="255 AH",
    period_end="270 AH",
    keywords="Zanj|الزنج|revolt|حرب|captives|Basra|البصرة|slave labor",
    notes="حرب صاحب الزنج: Zanj revolt (255-270 AH / 869-883 CE). Zanj = East African captive laborers working the salt flats (سبخات) near Basra. Largest captive-labor uprising in Abbasid history.",
))

# ─── am_39: Zanj in Basra context ────────────────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="وطلع المعتمد على أخيه أبي أحمد الموفق وعمل مقطع يوم بدأ المعتقل على صاحب الزنج",
    gloss="al-Mu'tamid relied on his brother Abu Ahmad al-Muwaffaq who engaged the Master of the Zanj",
    page=571,
    entry_type="NARRATIVE",
    intel="SLAVE_TRADE",
    section="Zanj revolt",
    region="Basra / southern Iraq",
    period="255 AH",
    period_end="270 AH",
    keywords="al-Mu'tamid|المعتمد|al-Muwaffaq|الموفق|Zanj|الزنج|military campaign",
    notes="Abu Ahmad al-Muwaffaq = regent who led military operations against Zanj. 15-year war.",
))

# ─── am_40: Zanj leader — claimed Alid descent ──────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="وانتخبها إلى البصرة بمحاربة صاحب الزنج فأوقع بغلمان صاحب الزنج",
    gloss="He advanced to Basra to fight the Master of the Zanj and struck at the ghulams (slave-soldiers) of the Master of the Zanj",
    page=572,
    entry_type="MILITARY",
    intel="SLAVE_TRADE",
    section="Zanj revolt",
    region="Basra",
    period="267 AH",
    keywords="Basra|البصرة|Zanj|الزنج|ghulams|غلمان|slave-soldiers|battle",
    notes="غلمان صاحب الزنج: the Zanj leader had his own ghulam (slave-soldier) force. Double layer: captive laborers with their own military captives.",
))

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# SAFFARID — Ya'qub ibn al-Layth (pp.572-573, 576)
# Military economy, captives, treasury
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# ─── am_41: Saffarid military advance ────────────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="يعقوب بن الليث بلاد سجستان وكونه في حال صغره",
    gloss="Ya'qub ibn al-Layth of the lands of Sijistan, from his humble origins",
    page=572,
    entry_type="PERSON",
    intel="CONQUEST",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar",
    region="Sijistan",
    period="247 AH",
    period_end="265 AH",
    keywords="Ya'qub|يعقوب|al-Layth|الليث|Saffar|Sijistan|سجستان|coppersmith",
    notes="Ya'qub ibn al-Layth al-Saffar: rose from coppersmith to conqueror. Seized Sijistan, Khurasan, Fars.",
))

# ─── am_42: Saffarid military numbers — 10,000 heads ────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="نحو عشرة آلاف رأس من الدواب وذلك أنه نجر عليه المعروف بالسبب",
    gloss="About 10,000 heads of livestock/animals, because al-Sabab had attacked him",
    page=573,
    entry_type="MILITARY",
    intel="CONQUEST",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — military logistics",
    region="Sijistan / Fars",
    period="255 AH",
    keywords="10000|عشرة آلاف|رأس|heads|livestock|دواب|military supply|logistics",
    notes="Saffarid military logistics: ~10,000 رأس من الدواب (heads of pack/war animals). Military supply chain indicator.",
))

# ─── am_43: Saffarid treasury — 50M dirhams + 300K dinars ───────────────
track(w(
    arabic="خمسين ألف ألف درهم وثلاثمائة ألف دينار",
    gloss="50,000,000 dirhams and 300,000 dinars",
    page=573,
    entry_type="TREASURY",
    intel="BAYT_AL_MAL",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — treasury at death",
    region="Sijistan / Khurasan",
    period="265 AH",
    keywords="treasury|50000000|خمسين ألف ألف|dirhams|درهم|300000|dinars|دينار|Saffar|wealth",
    notes="CRITICAL: Saffarid treasury at death of Ya'qub ibn al-Layth: 50 million dirhams + 300,000 dinars. Cf. al-Mu'tadid's 9M dinars. Shows provincial vs. caliphal wealth ratio.",
))

# ─── am_44: Saffarid captives ────────────────────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="وكان أسره لنيسابور ومعه على بن الحسين من ترب",
    gloss="And his captives at Nishapur, and with him Ali ibn al-Husayn from Turb",
    page=573,
    entry_type="SLAVE_TRADE",
    intel="SLAVE_TRADE",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — captives",
    region="Khurasan (Nishapur)",
    period="259 AH",
    keywords="captives|أسره|Nishapur|نيسابور|Turb|prisoners of war|Saffar",
    notes="أسره (his captives/prisoners): Ya'qub took captives at Nishapur during Khurasan campaign. Captive-taking as standard military-economic practice.",
))

# ─── am_45: Saffarid military command — golden/silver pillars ───────────
track(w(
    arabic="أصحاب الأعمدة الذهب كل عمود منها فيه ألف مثقال من الذهب ثم أصحاب الأعمدة الفضة",
    gloss="Bearers of the golden pillars, each pillar weighing 1,000 mithqals of gold, then bearers of the silver pillars",
    page=575,
    entry_type="MILITARY",
    intel="CONQUEST",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — military parade order",
    region="Sijistan",
    period="265 AH",
    keywords="gold pillars|أعمدة الذهب|1000 mithqals|silver|فضة|military parade|standard bearers",
    notes="Saffarid military hierarchy: golden standard-bearers (1,000 mithqals gold per pillar) outranked silver standard-bearers. Wealth displayed through military insignia. Mithqal = ~4.25g, so each gold pillar = ~4.25kg gold.",
))

# ─── am_46: Saffarid ghulam system ───────────────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="حراسة غلام بيتون من داخل مضربه",
    gloss="Guard of a ghulam (slave-soldier) from inside his camp",
    page=576,
    entry_type="SLAVE_TRADE",
    intel="SLAVE_TRADE",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — ghulam guards",
    region="Sijistan",
    period="265 AH",
    keywords="ghulam|غلام|slave-soldier|guard|حراسة|military|camp|مضرب",
    notes="غلام (ghulam): slave-soldier serving as personal bodyguard to Saffarid commander. Ghulam system = military captive trained as elite soldier.",
))

# ─── am_47: Saffarid army — 1,000 men per commander ─────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="ألف رجل يعني بجوائز هريشيب كالبغال وهي الجيش المعروفة بالمضاربة",
    gloss="1,000 men, rewarded with pack-mules — the army known as al-Mudariba (the strikers)",
    page=576,
    entry_type="MILITARY",
    intel="CONQUEST",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — army units",
    region="Sijistan",
    period="265 AH",
    keywords="army|1000|ألف رجل|mules|بغال|al-Mudariba|المضاربة|military unit|جوائز|rewards",
    notes="Saffarid army unit: 1,000 men per division. Rewarded with بغال (mules) as military pay. Army name: المضاربة (al-Mudariba = the strikers). Military-economic nexus: livestock as payment.",
))

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# AL-MU'TASIM — Turkish ghulam purchases (pp.432, 435-436)
# The caliph who built Samarra to house purchased Turkish slave-soldiers
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# ─── am_48: al-Mu'tasim captives at Samarra ──────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="فأمر بإحضار الناس من الروم وأحضر له عدة من الأسارى والأدلة",
    gloss="He ordered the bringing of people from al-Rum and brought him a number of captives and guides",
    page=432,
    entry_type="SLAVE_TRADE",
    intel="SLAVE_TRADE",
    section="al-Ma'mun — captives from al-Rum",
    region="bilad al-Rum → Abbasid realm",
    period="218 AH",
    keywords="captives|أسارى|al-Rum|الروم|al-Ma'mun|المأمون|prisoners|inspection",
    notes="al-Ma'mun ordered captives brought from bilad al-Rum. عدة من الأسارى والأدلة (a number of captives and guides). DarFikr Vol.2 p.432.",
))

# ─── am_49: Turkish slave-soldiers — al-Mu'tasim's army ─────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="المعتصم بالله فسما من ذلك فأنكره ذلك وأمر بأشياء من حكم",
    gloss="al-Mu'tasim billah heard of this and disapproved, and ordered certain things by decree",
    page=435,
    entry_type="NARRATIVE",
    intel="ABBASID_ADMIN",
    section="al-Mu'tasim — Turkish ghulam policy",
    region="Samarra / Baghdad",
    period="218 AH",
    period_end="227 AH",
    keywords="al-Mu'tasim|المعتصم|ghulam|Turkish|policy|decree|Samarra",
    notes="al-Mu'tasim: famous for purchasing thousands of Turkish ghulams (slave-soldiers). Moved capital from Baghdad to Samarra to house them. Transformed Abbasid military.",
))

# ─── am_50: Ali ibn al-Junayd — Iskafi commander ────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="علي بن الجنيد الإسكافي وكان من أسره يطلع منه سيئا كثيرا",
    gloss="Ali ibn al-Junayd al-Iskafi, from his captives, much evil came from him",
    page=435,
    entry_type="SLAVE_TRADE",
    intel="SLAVE_TRADE",
    section="al-Mu'tasim era",
    region="Iraq",
    period="220 AH",
    keywords="Ali ibn al-Junayd|أسره|captives|al-Iskafi|الإسكافي|military",
    notes="أسره (his captives): military captive-taking in al-Mu'tasim's era. Captives used in military service.",
))

# ─── am_51: Saffarid clothing/textiles trade ────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="ثم يرتج علته في اللباس والسلاح والماكل والمشرب والدنواب والبغال والخمير",
    gloss="Then he clothed his forces: clothing, weapons, food, drink, pack-animals, mules, and fermented drink",
    page=574,
    entry_type="CARGO",
    intel="TRADE_GOODS",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — army supply",
    region="Sijistan / Khurasan",
    period="265 AH",
    keywords="clothing|لباس|weapons|سلاح|food|ماكل|drink|مشرب|mules|بغال|pack-animals|دنواب|army supply",
    notes="Military supply chain: لباس (textiles/clothing), سلاح (weapons), مأكل ومشرب (food and drink), دواب وبغال (pack-animals and mules). Complete logistics inventory for Saffarid army.",
))

# ─── am_52: Saffarid livestock as currency ──────────────────────────────
track(w(
    arabic="يريحون الخيل من وكلائه فادا فداهم أذن خليت أسنابهم عوضا من البغال",
    gloss="They rested the horses through his agents; when redeemed, their saddle-bags were exchanged for mules",
    page=576,
    entry_type="TRADE",
    intel="TRADE_GOODS",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — barter economy",
    region="Sijistan",
    period="265 AH",
    keywords="horses|خيل|mules|بغال|barter|exchange|livestock|military economy",
    notes="Military barter: horses (خيل) exchanged for mules (بغال). Livestock as medium of exchange in Saffarid military economy.",
))

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# AL-MUTAWAKKIL — ghulam economy (p.576 context already captured)
# Plus scattered eunuch/slave references
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

# ─── am_53: Saffarid army composition — mixed captive forces ────────────
track(w(
    arabic="وانتخب من أصحابه ألف رجل على اختيار هم والتكية إليهم وباقي الظاهر منهم",
    gloss="He selected from his companions 1,000 men, chosen and relied upon, and the rest visible among them",
    page=576,
    entry_type="MILITARY",
    intel="CONQUEST",
    section="Ya'qub al-Saffar — elite selection",
    region="Sijistan",
    period="265 AH",
    keywords="1000|ألف رجل|elite selection|اختيار|army|companions|أصحاب",
    notes="Elite force: 1,000 men hand-selected (اختيار) from larger army. Selection criteria for military elite. Compare: al-Mu'tasim's ghulam selection process.",
))

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

report()