Code_files/archive/populate_root_meanings.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
USLaP Root Meaning Populator
Populates root_meaning in quran_root_dictionary from:
  1. Curated Qur'anic root meanings (high + mid frequency)
  2. A1_ENTRIES lattice data (cross-reference)

Root meanings are from the ROOT — not from translators.
"""

import sqlite3
try:
    from uslap_db_connect import connect as _uslap_connect
    _HAS_WRAPPER = True
except ImportError:
    _HAS_WRAPPER = False
import os

DB_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "uslap_database_v3.db")

# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
# COMPREHENSIVE QUR'ANIC ROOT MEANINGS
# Organized by frequency tier. Meanings from ROOT, not translators.
# ═══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════

ROOT_MEANINGS = {
    # ── TIER 1: 100+ tokens (94 roots, ~25,500 tokens) ──
    "أله": "to be god, to worship, divinity",
    "قول": "to say, to speak, speech, utterance",
    "كون": "to be, to exist, to come into being",
    "علم": "to know, knowledge, to be aware",
    "قوم": "to stand, to rise, to establish, a people",
    "أتي": "to come, to arrive, to bring",
    "بين": "to make clear, between, evidence, clarity",
    "شيأ": "a thing, something, an entity",
    "رسل": "to send, a messenger, a message",
    "يوم": "a day, a period of time",
    "أرض": "earth, land, ground",
    "سمو": "to be high, to be elevated, sky, heaven",
    "كلل": "all, every, entirety, totality",
    "عمل": "to work, to do, to act, a deed",
    "جعل": "to make, to place, to set, to appoint",
    "أنس": "humanity, people, to be familiar",
    "رأي": "to see, to perceive, vision, opinion",
    "كتب": "to write, to prescribe, a book, scripture",
    "هدي": "to guide, guidance, a gift, right direction",
    "نفس": "a self, a soul, breath, essence",
    "قبل": "to accept, to receive, before, facing",
    "نزل": "to send down, to descend, to reveal, a station",
    "كذب": "to deny, to reject as false, falsehood",
    "جيأ": "to come, to arrive, to bring forth",
    "أخذ": "to take, to seize, to grasp",
    "خلق": "to create, creation, character, nature",
    "أخر": "another, other, the latter, the hereafter",
    "أمر": "to command, authority, a matter, an affair",
    "بعد": "after, far, distant, remote",
    "دعو": "to call, to invoke, to summon, a prayer",
    "حكم": "to judge, to rule, wisdom, authority",
    "ملك": "to possess, to own, sovereignty, dominion, king",
    "عند": "with, at, near, in the presence of",
    "سمع": "to hear, to listen, hearing, obedience",
    "خير": "good, better, goodness, welfare",
    "حسن": "to be good, to be beautiful, excellence",
    "نور": "light, illumination, radiance",
    "ضلل": "to go astray, to be lost, misguidance, error",
    "حيي": "to live, to be alive, life, to greet",
    "بني": "to build, to construct, a son, offspring",
    "خرج": "to go out, to exit, to bring forth, to extract",
    "صلح": "to be good, to be righteous, to reform, prayer",
    "سبل": "a way, a path, a road",
    "تبع": "to follow, to pursue, a follower",
    "قتل": "to kill, to slay, to fight",
    "مثل": "to resemble, a likeness, a parable, an example",
    "قلب": "to turn, to overturn, a heart, the core",
    "سوأ": "to be bad, evil, wrongdoing, harm",
    "كثر": "to be many, much, abundance, majority",
    "موت": "to die, death, to be lifeless",
    "كبر": "to be great, to be old, greatness, pride",
    "شهد": "to witness, to testify, testimony, to be present",
    "نبأ": "news, tidings, information, a report",
    "بعض": "some, a part, a portion",
    "صدق": "to be truthful, truth, sincerity, charity",
    "غير": "other than, to change, different",
    "وعد": "to promise, a promise, an appointment",
    "بصر": "to see, sight, vision, insight, perception",
    "رود": "to seek, to want, to intend, will",
    "لقي": "to meet, to encounter, to find",
    "دون": "below, beneath, without, less than",
    "نعم": "blessing, favor, grace, to be pleasant",
    "وسي": "to be wide, to encompass, capacity",
    "دنو": "to be near, to be close, the lowest, worldly life",
    "قدر": "to measure, to decree, power, ability, destiny",
    "نذر": "to warn, a warning, a vow",
    "جمع": "to gather, to collect, to assemble, all together",
    "سأل": "to ask, to question, to request",
    "طوع": "to obey, to submit, obedience, willingly",
    "نظر": "to look, to see, to observe, to consider",
    "عظم": "to be great, to be mighty, greatness, a bone",
    "أهل": "people, family, inhabitants, worthy of",
    "دخل": "to enter, to go in, entrance",
    "أول": "first, beginning, to interpret, to return",
    "خوف": "to fear, fear, dread",
    "بشر": "humanity, skin, to give good news, glad tidings",
    "رزق": "to provide, provision, sustenance, livelihood",
    "عزز": "to be mighty, to be powerful, honor, strength",
    "يدي": "a hand, power, possession, means",
    "جزي": "to repay, to reward, to recompense, sufficient",
    "أبو": "a father, ancestry, parentage",
    "نهر": "a river, flowing water, daytime, to rebuke",
    "أكل": "to eat, food, sustenance, consumption",
    "حسب": "to reckon, to count, to think, sufficient",
    "أجر": "reward, recompense, wages, payment",
    "فعل": "to do, to act, an action, a deed",
    "وجد": "to find, to discover, to feel",
    "عدو": "to be hostile, an enemy, enmity, to transgress",
    "رجع": "to return, to go back, to come back",
    "فضل": "to be superior, grace, favor, bounty, surplus",
    "صبر": "to be patient, patience, endurance, steadfastness",
    "أذن": "to permit, an ear, permission, to announce",
    "شدد": "to be strong, to be severe, intensity, firmness",
    "ولد": "to give birth, a child, offspring, parentage",

    # ── TIER 2: 50-99 tokens (high-mid frequency) ──
    "وجه": "a face, a direction, to turn toward",
    "حرم": "to forbid, to be sacred, forbidden, sanctuary",
    "بلغ": "to reach, to convey, to attain, mature",
    "فرق": "to separate, to divide, to distinguish, a group",
    "حمل": "to carry, to bear, to conceive, a burden",
    "وقي": "to protect, to guard, to fear (Allāh), piety",
    "ولي": "to be near, to be a guardian, an ally, authority",
    "عرف": "to know, to recognize, the heights, custom",
    "ظلم": "to wrong, to oppress, darkness, injustice",
    "شرك": "to associate, to partner, polytheism, a partner",
    "زين": "to adorn, to beautify, adornment, beauty",
    "فتن": "to test, to try, a trial, a tribulation",
    "غفر": "to forgive, to cover, forgiveness",
    "حدث": "to happen, to speak, new, an event",
    "مسس": "to touch, to reach, to afflict",
    "رحم": "to show mercy, mercy, compassion, a womb",
    "كفر": "to cover, to deny, to disbelieve, ingratitude",
    "صلو": "to pray, to connect, prayer, bond",
    "عبد": "to worship, to serve, a servant, devotion",
    "نصر": "to help, to support, victory, aid",
    "سبح": "to swim, to glorify, to declare perfection",
    "شكر": "to be grateful, gratitude, thankfulness",
    "عرض": "to show, to present, width, this world",
    "وضع": "to place, to put down, to lay, position",
    "فتح": "to open, to begin, victory, an opening",
    "ذكر": "to remember, to mention, male, remembrance",
    "حول": "to change, to transform, around, power, a year",
    "وصي": "to advise, to command, a bequest, a will",
    "وصل": "to connect, to reach, a bond, joining",
    "قرأ": "to read, to recite, a recitation",
    "طعم": "to taste, to eat, food, flavor",
    "لبس": "to wear, to clothe, clothing, to confuse",
    "زوج": "a pair, a spouse, a type, to join in pairs",
    "كسب": "to earn, to gain, acquisition",
    "مرر": "to pass, to go by, bitter, a time",
    "حمد": "to praise, praise, thankworthy",
    "فسد": "to be corrupt, corruption, decay, disorder",
    "قرب": "to be near, to approach, nearness, an offering",
    "شعر": "to feel, to perceive, hair, a poet",
    "حور": "to return, to converse, intense whiteness",
    "مسك": "to hold, to grasp, to retain, to withhold",
    "وكل": "to entrust, to rely, a guardian, trust",
    "ذهب": "to go, to depart, gold",
    "فرح": "to rejoice, joy, happiness",
    "عقب": "to follow, to succeed, a consequence, a heel",
    "عقل": "to understand, reason, intellect, to bind",
    "قصص": "to narrate, to tell, a story, to track",
    "لعل": "perhaps, maybe, so that",
    "حبب": "to love, love, a seed, beloved",
    "ثمر": "fruit, produce, result",
    "ذنب": "a sin, a fault, a tail",
    "فلق": "to split, to cleave, daybreak, dawn",
    "حزن": "to grieve, to be sad, sorrow, grief",
    "جهل": "to be ignorant, ignorance, foolishness",
    "سكن": "to dwell, to be still, tranquility, a dwelling",
    "جنب": "a side, to avoid, a companion",
    "وحد": "to be one, oneness, alone, unity",
    "حفظ": "to guard, to protect, to preserve, to memorize",
    "ظهر": "to appear, to become visible, a back, outward",
    "مكن": "to establish, to empower, a place, power",
    "وحي": "to reveal, revelation, inspiration",
    "شرع": "to ordain, to legislate, a law, a path",
    "صنع": "to make, to manufacture, craftsmanship",
    "غنم": "to gain, spoils, wealth, sheep",
    "زمن": "time, a period, an age",
    "لحق": "to join, to reach, to follow",
    "نطق": "to speak, to utter, speech",
    "حقق": "to be true, truth, right, reality, binding",
    "كرم": "to be generous, to honor, noble, generous",
    "فقر": "to be poor, poverty, need, a vertebra",
    "كلم": "to speak, to wound, a word, speech",
    "بدل": "to change, to replace, to substitute, in exchange",
    "وزن": "to weigh, weight, balance, measure",
    "حبل": "a rope, a cord, a covenant",
    "جهنم": "Jahannam (the fire), hellfire",
    "شغل": "to occupy, to busy, occupation",
    "ظنن": "to think, to assume, opinion, conjecture",
    "قعد": "to sit, to stay, to remain, a seat",
    "نعق": "to call, to cry out (of a herder)",
    "فوز": "to win, to succeed, victory, salvation",
    "فرر": "to flee, to escape, flight",
    "نقم": "to punish, to avenge, retribution",
    "حشر": "to gather, to assemble, resurrection gathering",
    "عهد": "to covenant, a pledge, a promise, an era",
    "عصي": "to disobey, to rebel, disobedience, a staff",
    "هلك": "to perish, to destroy, destruction, ruin",
    "صرف": "to turn away, to spend, to direct",
    "غلب": "to overcome, to defeat, to prevail",
    "لعب": "to play, amusement, sport, a game",
    "حزب": "a party, a group, a faction",
    "قسم": "to divide, to distribute, a share, an oath",
    "مطر": "rain, to rain",
    "حبس": "to confine, to restrain, to imprison",
    "ذرأ": "to create, to multiply, offspring, creation",
    "سحر": "to bewitch, magic, sorcery, dawn",
    "خشي": "to fear, to be in awe, reverence",
    "غيب": "to be absent, unseen, hidden, the unknown",
    "حرص": "to desire eagerly, greed, keenness",
    "مكر": "to plan, to scheme, a plan, stratagem",
    "رقب": "to watch, to observe, a neck, to guard",
    "سجد": "to prostrate, to bow down, prostration",
    "عذب": "to punish, punishment, torment, sweet (water)",
    "ضرب": "to strike, to set forth, to travel, an example",
    "نبت": "to grow, to sprout, a plant, vegetation",

    # ── TIER 3: 10-49 tokens (mid frequency, most common) ──
    "شفع": "to intercede, intercession, even (number), a pair",
    "بطل": "to be void, to be false, falsehood, vanity",
    "صدر": "a chest, a breast, to issue forth, to begin",
    "عجب": "to wonder, to marvel, amazement, strange",
    "عرش": "a throne, a roof, a structure",
    "عصم": "to protect, to preserve, protection",
    "مهل": "to delay, to grant respite, slowly",
    "نسخ": "to copy, to abrogate, to replace",
    "سخر": "to mock, to ridicule, to subject, to make serve",
    "سلم": "to be safe, to submit, peace, Islam, a ladder",
    "حرب": "war, battle, to fight",
    "حرث": "to cultivate, a field, tillage, harvest",
    "خبر": "to know, news, to inform, experience",
    "صمم": "to be deaf, deafness, to be silent",
    "عدد": "to count, a number, to prepare",
    "عدل": "to be just, justice, equity, balance",
    "غضب": "to be angry, anger, wrath",
    "فلح": "to succeed, to prosper, to cultivate, a farmer",
    "كفل": "to guarantee, to take charge, a guarantor",
    "منع": "to prevent, to withhold, to forbid",
    "نجو": "to be saved, to escape, salvation, deliverance",
    "نسي": "to forget, forgetfulness",
    "هون": "to be easy, to humiliate, shame, disgrace",
    "صوم": "to fast, fasting, abstinence",
    "سكت": "to be silent, silence",
    "شفي": "to heal, to cure, healing, a remedy",
    "ريح": "wind, a scent, mercy, rest",
    "بلو": "to test, to try, a trial, affliction",
    "برر": "to be righteous, piety, land, good",
    "جري": "to flow, to run, a stream",
    "زرع": "to sow, to plant, crops, agriculture",
    "طلب": "to seek, to request, to demand",
    "عجل": "to hasten, to hurry, haste, a calf",
    "غرر": "to deceive, deception, vanity",
    "فقه": "to understand, understanding, jurisprudence",
    "قضي": "to decree, to judge, to fulfill, a decree",
    "لسن": "a tongue, a language, speech",
    "مرض": "to be sick, illness, disease",
    "ندو": "to call, an assembly, a gathering",
    "نكح": "to marry, marriage",
    "وزر": "a burden, a sin, a minister",
    "ورث": "to inherit, inheritance, heir",
    "يمن": "right side, oath, blessing, Yemen",
    "يسر": "to be easy, ease, prosperity, left side",
    "بسط": "to spread, to extend, to expand",
    "تجر": "to trade, commerce, merchandise",
    "حبط": "to be in vain, to nullify, loss of deeds",
    "حلل": "to be lawful, to untie, to alight",
    "حلف": "to swear, an oath, an ally",
    "حمي": "to protect, to be hot, protection, zeal",
    "خفي": "to be hidden, to hide, secret",
    "دبر": "to manage, a back, behind, to reflect",
    "ربب": "a lord, to nourish, to sustain, lordship",
    "ربح": "to gain, profit, advantage",
    "زلل": "to slip, to stumble, error",
    "سبق": "to precede, to outstrip, earlier",
    "سرر": "to be happy, a secret, joy, a bed",
    "سلط": "to give authority, power, dominion, a proof",
    "سلك": "to enter, to thread, a path",
    "سور": "a chapter, a wall, a fence",
    "شرب": "to drink, a drink",
    "شقق": "to split, to separate, difficulty, wretched",
    "صوب": "to be right, to direct, correct, to afflict",
    "ضرر": "to harm, harm, damage, adversity",
    "عبر": "to cross, to pass, a lesson, to interpret",
    "عشر": "ten, a tenth, a tithe, a clan",
    "علو": "to be high, to exalt, highness, arrogance",
    "عمر": "to live long, life, to build, to inhabit",
    "عور": "to be defective, an eye, a spring of water",
    "فتر": "to slacken, to weaken, a period, to subside",
    "فقد": "to lose, loss, to miss",
    "كيد": "to plot, to scheme, a stratagem",
    "لحم": "flesh, meat, to join",
    "لعن": "to curse, a curse, expulsion",
    "لوم": "to blame, blame, reproach",
    "مدد": "to extend, to stretch, to supply, a period",
    "مسي": "evening, to become evening",
    "نبي": "a prophet, prophethood",
    "نجم": "a star, a plant, to appear",
    "نحر": "to slaughter, the chest, the throat",
    "نزع": "to remove, to pull out, to strip",
    "نسب": "to attribute, lineage, genealogy",
    "نشر": "to spread, to scatter, to publish, resurrection",
    "وثق": "to trust, to bind, a bond, reliable",
    "وقع": "to fall, to happen, to occur, an event",
    "بدأ": "to begin, to originate, to start",
    "برق": "lightning, to flash, to shine",
    "بسم": "to name, in the name of, to smile",
    "بطن": "a belly, interior, hidden, inward",
    "جبر": "to compel, to mend, mighty, a bone-setter",
    "جحد": "to deny, to reject, denial",
    "جدل": "to argue, to debate, argument, dispute",
    "جسم": "a body, bodily, large",
    "جلد": "skin, a hide, to endure",
    "جلس": "to sit, a session, a gathering",
    "جنح": "to incline, to turn, a wing, a side",
    "حبط": "to be in vain, to nullify, loss of deeds",
    "حدد": "iron, to sharpen, to define, a limit",
    "حرر": "to free, freedom, heat, silk",
    "حفر": "to dig, a pit, an excavation",
    "خبأ": "to hide, to store, hidden",
    "خدع": "to deceive, deception, a trick",
    "خرر": "to fall, to murmur, flowing water",
    "خسر": "to lose, loss, ruin, bankrupt",
    "خطأ": "to err, a mistake, error, wrong",
    "خلد": "to remain forever, eternal, to be immortal",
    "خلص": "to be pure, to be sincere, sincerity",
    "خمر": "to cover, to ferment, wine, a headcover",
    "خون": "to betray, betrayal, treachery",
    "ذبح": "to slaughter, a sacrifice",
    "ذرر": "an atom, a particle, offspring",
    "رجز": "punishment, filth, abomination",
    "رجم": "to stone, to curse, a meteor",
    "ردد": "to return, to reject, to repeat",
    "ركب": "to ride, to mount, a rider",
    "ركع": "to bow, to kneel, bowing in prayer",
    "رمي": "to throw, to cast, to shoot",
    "زلف": "to approach, nearness, a station",
    "زهق": "to perish, to vanish, to be void",
    "سبت": "rest, the Sabbath, Saturday",
    "سبع": "seven, a beast of prey",
    "ستر": "to cover, to conceal, a veil",
    "سفر": "to travel, a journey, a book",
    "سقي": "to give drink, to water, a drink",
    "سمن": "to be fat, ghee, butter",
    "سند": "to lean, to support, elevated",
    "سود": "to be black, to be master, a leader",
    "صبح": "morning, dawn, to become",
    "صحب": "to accompany, a companion",
    "صرخ": "to cry out, a scream, a shout",
    "صوت": "a sound, a voice, to call",
    "ضحك": "to laugh, laughter",
    "ضيف": "a guest, hospitality",
    "طبع": "to stamp, to seal, nature, a print",
    "طرق": "to knock, a path, a way, night-comer",
    "طغي": "to transgress, tyranny, to exceed bounds",
    "طلع": "to rise, to appear, to ascend, sunrise",
    "طمع": "to desire, to covet, greed",
    "طهر": "to be pure, to purify, purity, clean",
    "طين": "clay, mud, earth",
    "طيب": "to be good, pleasant, pure, lawful",
    "عتق": "to free, ancient, old",
    "عجز": "to be unable, weakness, the rear, old age",
    "عرب": "to express clearly, Lisān Arabic speakers, clear",
    "عسي": "perhaps, may, to be near",
    "عقد": "to tie, to contract, a knot, a covenant",
    "علق": "to attach, to hang, a blood clot, to cling",
    "غرق": "to drown, drowning, to sink",
    "غسل": "to wash, washing, ablution",
    "غلل": "to enter, to deceive, a chain, a fetter",
    "غوي": "to go astray, to seduce, error",
    "فتي": "a youth, a young man, to give opinion",
    "فجر": "to break open, dawn, wickedness, to flow",
    "فرد": "to be single, alone, individual",
    "فرض": "to ordain, an obligation, a duty",
    "فزع": "to fear, to be alarmed, fright, terror",
    "فسق": "to transgress, to deviate, wickedness",
    "قبض": "to seize, to grasp, to contract, a handful",
    "قبس": "to take fire, a spark, to learn",
    "قدم": "to advance, a foot, ancient, the front",
    "قذف": "to throw, to hurl, to accuse",
    "قرر": "to settle, to be cool, an eye's comfort",
    "قسط": "to be just, justice, equity",
    "قصد": "to intend, purpose, moderate, straight",
    "قطع": "to cut, to sever, to break off",
    "لطف": "to be gentle, subtle, kind, gracious",
    "لقم": "a morsel, to feed, Luqmān",
    "لهو": "to be distracted, amusement, play",
    "متع": "to enjoy, enjoyment, provision, benefit",
    "مرج": "to mix, to release, to let loose",
    "مسح": "to wipe, to anoint, al-Masīḥ",
    "منن": "to bestow favor, a favor, a benefit",
    "نحل": "a bee, to grant, to attribute",
    "نسأ": "to delay, to postpone, a woman",
    "نشأ": "to grow, to arise, to create, origin",
    "نعت": "to describe, a quality, description",
    "نفخ": "to blow, to breathe, to inflate",
    "نفع": "to benefit, profit, advantage",
    "نفق": "to spend, expenditure, to tunnel, a hypocrite",
    "نقص": "to decrease, to diminish, deficiency",
    "وبل": "heavy rain, severity, bad consequence",
    "وثن": "an idol, a statue",
    "وفي": "to fulfill, to complete, fullness",
    "وقف": "to stop, to stand, to pause",
    "وقد": "to light, to kindle, fire, fuel",
    "وهب": "to give, to grant, a gift",

    # ── TIER 4: 1-9 tokens (low frequency, selected important ones) ──
    "أبب": "a pasture, herbage, fresh grass",
    "أبد": "eternity, forever, always",
    "أبق": "to flee, to escape, a fugitive",
    "أبل": "a camel, camels",
    "أبي": "to refuse, to reject, to disdain",
    "أثث": "furniture, furnishings, goods",
    "أثر": "a trace, a mark, a sign, to prefer",
    "أثل": "a tamarisk tree, firmly rooted",
    "أثم": "to sin, sin, guilt, transgression",
    "أجل": "a term, a period, a deadline, because of",
    "أخو": "a brother, brotherhood",
    "أدم": "skin, surface, Ādam, to bring together",
    "أرك": "a couch, a throne, to recline",
    "أزر": "to support, to strengthen, a wrap, backing",
    "أزز": "to be agitated, a buzz, to drive",
    "أزف": "to approach, to be near, the approaching",
    "أسر": "to capture, a prisoner, bonds, family",
    "أسس": "to found, a foundation, a base",
    "أسف": "to grieve, sorrow, regret",
    "أسن": "to stagnate, stale, unchanged",
    "أفف": "to express disgust, ugh, annoyance",
    "أفق": "a horizon, horizons",
    "أفك": "to lie, a lie, to turn away",
    "ألف": "to unite, to bring together, a thousand",
    "أمد": "a term, a period, a limit of time",
    "أنث": "female, feminine",
    "أني": "when, a time, ripe",
    "أوب": "to return, to repent, a return",
    "أوي": "to shelter, to take refuge, a shelter",
    "بأس": "might, power, strength, severity, war",
    "بتت": "to cut off, to decide, firmly",
    "بتل": "to devote, to cut off, devotion",
    "بثث": "to scatter, to spread, to disperse, grief",
    "بخس": "to diminish, to wrong, deficient",
    "بخل": "to be stingy, miserliness, niggardliness",
    "بدع": "to originate, to innovate, a creator",
    "برأ": "to create, to be free, innocent",
    "برج": "a tower, a constellation, a sign",
    "برد": "cold, coolness, hail",
    "بركك": "to bless, blessing, abundance",
    "برم": "to twist, to be weary, to dislike",
    "بزغ": "to rise, to appear, to shine",
    "بسل": "to be brave, to detain, forbidden",
    "بشع": "to be ugly, ugliness",
    "بصل": "an onion",
    "بضع": "a few, some (3-9), merchandise",
    "بطأ": "to be slow, to delay, slowness",
    "بطش": "to seize, to strike, power, might",
    "بعث": "to raise, to resurrect, to send",
    "بعد": "after, far, distant, remote",
    "بغض": "to hate, hatred, animosity",
    "بغي": "to desire, to seek, to transgress, a rebel",
    "بقر": "a cow, cattle",
    "بقي": "to remain, to last, everlasting",
    "بكك": "Bakkah (Makkah)",
    "بكم": "to be dumb, mute, speechless",
    "بكي": "to weep, to cry, weeping",
    "بلد": "a land, a town, a country",
    "بلس": "to despair, to be confounded",
    "بلع": "to swallow, to gulp",
    "بهت": "to be confused, to slander, falsehood",
    "بهج": "to be beautiful, beauty, delight",
    "بهم": "an animal, livestock, cattle",
    "بوأ": "to settle, a dwelling, to deserve",
    "بور": "to perish, to be ruined, fallow land",
    "بيت": "a house, a home, overnight",
    "بيض": "white, an egg, to be white",
    "بيع": "to sell, a sale, commerce, a pledge",
    "ثبت": "to be firm, to be stable, steadfast",
    "ثقب": "to pierce, a bright star",
    "ثقل": "to be heavy, weight, a burden, humans and jinn",
    "ثلث": "three, a third",
    "ثنن": "to fold, to double, two, a second",
    "ثوب": "to return, a garment, clothing, a reward",
    "ثور": "to rise, to stir up, a bull",
    "جبل": "a mountain, to create, nature",
    "جبن": "to be cowardly, a forehead",
    "جثو": "to kneel, to gather, on knees",
    "جدد": "to be new, to renew, serious, striving",
    "جرم": "to commit, a crime, a sin, a body",
    "جرر": "to drag, to draw, to pull",
    "جزع": "to be anxious, to be impatient",
    "جسد": "a body, embodied",
    "جعل": "to make, to place, to set, to appoint",
    "جلل": "to be great, a covering, to be majestic",
    "جنح": "to incline, to turn, a wing, a side",
    "جوب": "to cut through, to respond, to traverse",
    "جور": "to be unjust, injustice, nearby",
    "جوع": "hunger, to be hungry, famine",
    "جوف": "interior, hollow, inside",
    "حبب": "to love, love, a seed, beloved",
    "حتم": "to decree, to decide, definite",
    "حدب": "to arch, a hill, devoted care",
    "حذر": "to be cautious, caution, warning",
    "حرف": "a letter, an edge, to turn away",
    "حسد": "to envy, envy, jealousy",
    "حصد": "to reap, to harvest, a harvest",
    "حصن": "to be fortified, a fortress, chaste",
    "حصي": "to count, to enumerate, pebbles",
    "حضر": "to attend, to be present, settled life",
    "حمم": "to heat, hot water, black mud",
    "حنث": "to break an oath, sin, guilt",
    "حنف": "to incline, to be upright, true monotheism",
    "حوط": "to surround, to encompass, a wall",
    "حول": "to change, to transform, around, power, a year",
    "خبث": "to be impure, evil, wicked, filth",
    "خبط": "to strike, to confuse, to seize randomly",
    "خبت": "to be humble, humility",
    "ختم": "to seal, to stamp, a seal, an end",
    "خذل": "to forsake, to abandon, to fail",
    "خرص": "to guess, to conjecture, a liar",
    "خزي": "to be disgraced, shame, humiliation",
    "خسأ": "to drive away, to be despised",
    "خشع": "to be humble, to submit, humility",
    "خصم": "to dispute, an opponent, a quarrel",
    "خضر": "to be green, green, verdant",
    "خطب": "to address, a sermon, a matter",
    "خفض": "to lower, to humble, lowering",
    "خلل": "a gap, a defect, between",
    "خمس": "five, a fifth",
    "دحض": "to slip, to refute, false",
    "دحو": "to spread out, to extend",
    "دسس": "to hide, to bury, to corrupt",
    "دفع": "to push, to repel, to defend",
    "دكك": "to crush, to demolish, to level",
    "دلك": "to rub, to set (sun), decline",
    "دلو": "a bucket, to draw water",
    "دمر": "to destroy, destruction, ruin",
    "دمع": "tears, to weep",
    "دهر": "time, fate, an age, a long period",
    "ربص": "to wait, to watch, to lie in wait",
    "ربط": "to tie, to bind, to fasten, patient",
    "رتع": "to graze, to enjoy, pasture",
    "رتق": "to close, to seal, joined together",
    "رجف": "to tremble, to quake, an earthquake",
    "رجل": "a man, a foot, on foot",
    "رحل": "to depart, a journey, a saddle",
    "ردأ": "to support, to assist, a helper",
    "رسو": "to be firm, to anchor, mountains",
    "رشد": "to be rightly guided, right path, maturity",
    "رصد": "to watch, to observe, to lie in wait",
    "رضع": "to suckle, nursing, breastfeeding",
    "رضي": "to be pleased, to approve, contentment",
    "رعد": "thunder, to tremble",
    "رعي": "to tend, to watch over, to herd",
    "رغب": "to desire, to wish, willingness",
    "رفت": "to crumble, to decay, dust",
    "رفع": "to raise, to elevate, to lift",
    "رفق": "to be gentle, kindness, a companion",
    "ركد": "to be still, to be calm, motionless",
    "ركز": "to plant, to fix, a faint sound",
    "ركس": "to reverse, to overturn, to return to evil",
    "ركض": "to run, to stamp, to gallop",
    "رمض": "to be hot, scorching heat",
    "روح": "spirit, soul, rest, mercy, a breeze",
    "روض": "a garden, a meadow",
    "ريب": "doubt, suspicion, to disturb",
    "زبر": "to write, iron, to restrain",
    "زجر": "to rebuke, to scold, to drive away",
    "زحف": "to crawl, to advance, to march",
    "زخرف": "adornment, gold, decoration",
    "زكو": "to be pure, to grow, purity, charity",
    "زمر": "a group, a company, a band",
    "زنو": "to commit adultery, fornication",
    "زهد": "to renounce, asceticism",
    "زيت": "olive oil, olives",
    "زيد": "to increase, to add, more, increase",
    "زيغ": "to deviate, to swerve, crookedness",
    "سبب": "a cause, a means, a rope",
    "سبغ": "to be ample, to complete, abundant",
    "سترر": "to cover, to conceal, a veil",
    "سجل": "to record, a register, a bucket",
    "سجن": "to imprison, a prison",
    "سحب": "a cloud, clouds, to drag",
    "سحق": "to crush, remote, far away",
    "سخط": "to be angry, to be displeased, anger",
    "سرب": "to flow, a group, a flock, free",
    "سرج": "a lamp, a saddle, to shine",
    "سرح": "to let loose, to set free, to divorce",
    "سرع": "to hasten, to hurry, speed, quick",
    "سرق": "to steal, theft, a thief",
    "سطح": "to spread, to flatten, a surface, a roof",
    "سطر": "to write, a line, a row",
    "سعد": "to be happy, happiness, prosperity",
    "سعر": "to kindle, fire, a price, madness",
    "سعي": "to walk, to strive, to endeavor, an effort",
    "سفه": "to be foolish, folly, light-minded",
    "سقط": "to fall, to drop, a fall",
    "سقف": "a roof, a ceiling",
    "سكب": "to pour, to flow, pouring",
    "سكر": "to be drunk, intoxication, to close",
    "سلب": "to take away, to snatch, to strip",
    "سلسل": "a chain, to chain, fresh water",
    "سنن": "to prescribe, a way, a practice, a law",
    "سيح": "to flow, to travel, to roam",
    "سير": "to travel, to walk, a journey, a way of life",
    "شتت": "to scatter, to disperse, dispersed",
    "شجر": "a tree, trees, to dispute",
    "شحح": "to be stingy, to be greedy, miserliness",
    "شخص": "to raise, to stare, a person",
    "شرق": "to rise (sun), the east, to choke",
    "شطر": "a half, to face, a portion",
    "شعب": "a people, a nation, a tribe, to divide",
    "شفف": "an edge, a brink, to fear",
    "شمل": "to include, left side, to encompass",
    "شمس": "the sun",
    "شنأ": "to hate, hatred",
    "شهب": "a flame, a shooting star",
    "شهق": "to sob, to inhale, to be high",
    "شور": "to consult, consultation, to point",
    "شيب": "to become gray-haired, old age",
    "شيخ": "an elder, an old man",
    "صحح": "to be healthy, correct, true",
    "صخر": "a rock, rocks, stone",
    "صدع": "to split, to proclaim, a crack",
    "صدف": "to turn away, shells",
    "صرح": "to clarify, a palace, a building",
    "صرر": "to insist, to persist, a bundle, cold",
    "صعد": "to ascend, to climb, ascending",
    "صعق": "to swoon, a thunderbolt, to be struck",
    "صغر": "to be small, small, young",
    "صفح": "to forgive, to turn away, a page",
    "صفف": "to arrange, to line up, a row",
    "صفو": "to be pure, to choose, purity, clarity",
    "صلب": "to crucify, hard, firm, the backbone",
    "صمت": "to be silent, silence",
    "صهر": "to melt, a relation by marriage",
    "صوف": "wool",
    "صيح": "to cry out, a shout, a blast",
    "ضحي": "to sacrifice, morning, a sacrifice",
    "ضعف": "to be weak, weakness, double",
    "ضيق": "to be narrow, to be tight, distress",
    "طرح": "to throw, to cast, to discard",
    "طرد": "to drive away, to expel",
    "طفأ": "to extinguish, to put out",
    "طفق": "to begin, to set about",
    "طلق": "to divorce, to release, to set free",
    "طمس": "to obliterate, to erase, to blind",
    "طوف": "to go around, to circle, to roam",
    "طول": "to be long, length, power, a favor",
    "طيب": "to be good, pleasant, pure, lawful",
    "طير": "to fly, a bird, an omen",
    "عبأ": "to care, to prepare, to mind",
    "عبث": "to play, to act vainly, futile",
    "عبس": "to frown, to scowl",
    "عتب": "to blame, to censure, a step",
    "عتد": "to prepare, prepared, ready",
    "عثر": "to stumble, to find, to discover",
    "عدن": "a garden, Eden, to settle",
    "عرج": "to ascend, to limp, a stairway",
    "عرض": "to show, to present, width, this world",
    "عزل": "to isolate, to remove, to withdraw",
    "عسل": "honey",
    "عصب": "a nerve, a group, to bind, hardship",
    "عصر": "time, an era, to squeeze, juice",
    "عضد": "an upper arm, to support, help",
    "عطف": "to turn, to incline, kindness",
    "عقر": "to wound, to hamstring, barren",
    "عكف": "to stay, to devote, to be attached",
    "علن": "to announce, publicly, openly",
    "عمد": "to intend, a pillar, deliberately",
    "عمم": "to be general, an uncle, to include",
    "عنب": "a grape, grapes",
    "عنت": "hardship, difficulty, to be distressed",
    "عنق": "a neck, a group",
    "عود": "to return, to go back, a custom",
    "عوذ": "to seek refuge, to take shelter",
    "غبر": "dust, to remain, past",
    "غدو": "morning, tomorrow, to go early",
    "غرب": "to set (sun), the west, far, strange",
    "غرف": "a room, an upper chamber, to scoop",
    "غشي": "to cover, to overwhelm, to faint",
    "غلق": "to close, to lock, to seal",
    "غلو": "to exceed, to exaggerate, excessive",
    "غمم": "to cover, to grieve, sorrow, a cloud",
    "غني": "to be rich, to be free of need, wealth",
    "غور": "to sink, to go deep, depression",
    "فتق": "to split open, to tear, to undo",
    "فجج": "a wide road, a pass, a gap",
    "فدي": "to ransom, a ransom, redemption",
    "فرش": "to spread, a carpet, furniture, a bed",
    "فرغ": "to be empty, to pour, to be free",
    "فرق": "to separate, to divide, to distinguish, a group",
    "فزع": "to fear, to be alarmed, fright, terror",
    "فسح": "to make room, to be spacious",
    "فصل": "to separate, to decide, a season, to detail",
    "فطر": "to split, to originate, to create, nature",
    "فلك": "an orbit, a ship, celestial sphere",
    "فهم": "to understand, understanding, comprehension",
    "فور": "to boil, immediately, quickly",
    "قبر": "a grave, to bury",
    "قبس": "to take fire, a spark, to learn",
    "قحم": "to plunge into, a steep path",
    "قرض": "to lend, a loan, to cut",
    "قرع": "to knock, to strike, to draw lots",
    "قرن": "to join, a companion, a generation, a horn",
    "قسو": "to be hard, hardness of heart, harsh",
    "قشعر": "to shiver, to tremble, goosebumps",
    "قصر": "to shorten, a palace, to fall short",
    "قنت": "to be devout, to be obedient, devotion",
    "قنع": "to be content, to be satisfied",
    "قنط": "to despair, despair, hopelessness",
    "قوس": "a bow, an arc",
    "قوي": "to be strong, strength, power",
    "كتم": "to conceal, to hide, to suppress",
    "كذب": "to deny, to reject as false, falsehood",
    "كره": "to hate, to dislike, hatred, reluctance",
    "كشف": "to uncover, to reveal, to remove",
    "كفأ": "to be equal, equivalent, to overturn",
    "كفي": "to be sufficient, enough, adequate",
    "كمل": "to complete, to perfect, wholeness",
    "كنز": "to store, a treasure, to hoard",
    "لبث": "to stay, to remain, a duration",
    "لبن": "milk, a brick",
    "لجأ": "to take refuge, a shelter, a refuge",
    "لحد": "to deviate, a grave, a niche",
    "لذذ": "to enjoy, pleasure, delight",
    "لعب": "to play, amusement, sport, a game",
    "لغو": "vain talk, idle speech, nonsense",
    "لفت": "to turn, to twist, to wrap",
    "لفف": "to wrap, to gather, twisted",
    "لقط": "to pick up, to find, a foundling",
    "لمح": "to glance, a moment, a glimpse",
    "لمس": "to touch, to feel, to seek",
    "لوح": "a tablet, a plank, a board",
    "لوط": "Lūṭ, to adhere, to cling",
    "ليل": "night, nighttime",
    "مأي": "a hundred, hundreds",
    "متن": "to be firm, to strengthen, on board",
    "مجد": "to be glorious, glory, honor",
    "مدن": "a city, to civilize, Madīnah",
    "مرأ": "a man, a person, a mirror",
    "مسد": "twisted fiber, palm fiber",
    "معن": "to help, a spring, water",
    "مكث": "to stay, to remain, a while",
    "منو": "death, destiny, to wish",
    "مهد": "to prepare, to smooth, a cradle, a bed",
    "مور": "to move, to flow, to sway",
    "ميد": "to sway, to shake, a table",
    "ميز": "to distinguish, to separate, to test",
    "ميل": "to incline, to lean, a mile",
    "نبذ": "to throw away, to reject, to discard",
    "نبع": "a spring, to gush forth, source",
    "نتق": "to shake, to raise, to extract",
    "نجس": "to be impure, impurity, unclean",
    "نجم": "a star, a plant, to appear",
    "نحت": "to carve, to sculpture, to hew",
    "نخل": "a palm tree, date palm",
    "ندم": "to regret, remorse, repentance",
    "نزف": "to drain, to exhaust, to bleed",
    "نسل": "offspring, progeny, to slip out",
    "نشز": "to rise, to rebel, disobedience",
    "نصب": "to erect, to set up, fatigue, an idol",
    "نصف": "half, to be just, to divide",
    "نضج": "to be ripe, to cook, to mature",
    "نفذ": "to penetrate, to pass through, to carry out",
    "نفر": "to flee, to be alarmed, a group",
    "نقب": "to pierce, to investigate, a chief",
    "نمل": "an ant, ants",
    "نهي": "to forbid, to prohibit, an end, intellect",
    "نور": "light, illumination, radiance",
    "هبط": "to descend, to go down, to fall",
    "هجر": "to abandon, to migrate, to leave",
    "هدد": "to threaten, to demolish, to rumble",
    "هدم": "to demolish, to destroy, destruction",
    "همم": "to intend, to resolve, determination, worry",
    "هنأ": "to be pleasant, comfortable, wholesome",
    "هود": "to be Jewish, to repent, Jews, Hūd",
    "وبل": "heavy rain, severity, bad consequence",
    "وتر": "a string, odd number, to single out",
    "وثب": "to leap, to jump",
    "وجب": "to be obligatory, to fall, to be necessary",
    "وحش": "to be lonely, wild, savage",
    "ودد": "to love, to wish, love, affection",
    "ودع": "to leave, to let be, calm, farewell",
    "ورد": "to arrive, to come to, a rose, a watering place",
    "ورق": "a leaf, leaves, paper, silver",
    "وزع": "to restrain, to distribute, to hold back",
    "وسخ": "to be dirty, filth",
    "وسط": "middle, moderate, the best",
    "وسق": "to load, to carry, to gather",
    "وسم": "to mark, to brand, a sign",
    "وشي": "to adorn, to mix, to walk quickly",
    "وطأ": "to step on, to tread, to prepare",
    "وعظ": "to admonish, to preach, admonition",
    "وعي": "to comprehend, to contain, awareness",
    "ولج": "to enter, to penetrate, entrance",
    "ولي": "to be near, to be a guardian, an ally, authority",
    "ومض": "to flash, to gleam, lightning",
    "يبس": "to be dry, dry, withered",
    "يتم": "to be an orphan, an orphan, alone",
    "يقن": "to be certain, certainty, conviction",
    "يئس": "to despair, despair, to give up hope",
}

def populate_meanings():
    conn = _uslap_connect(DB_PATH) if _HAS_WRAPPER else sqlite3.connect(DB_PATH)
    conn.execute("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON")

    # Count before
    before = conn.execute(
        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM quran_root_dictionary WHERE root_meaning IS NULL"
    ).fetchone()[0]
    print(f"NULL root_meaning before: {before}")

    # Also extract from A1_ENTRIES in lattice
    lattice_meanings = {}
    try:
        rows = conn.execute("""
            SELECT row_data FROM excel_data_consolidated
            WHERE source_sheet = 'A1_ENTRIES'
            AND row_data NOT LIKE '#%'
            AND row_data NOT LIKE 'ENTRY_ID%'
        """).fetchall()
        for r in rows:
            parts = r[0].split(' | ')
            if len(parts) >= 7:
                root_letters = parts[5].strip()
                qur_meaning = parts[6].strip()
                if root_letters and qur_meaning and '/' in qur_meaning:
                    att_parts = qur_meaning.split('/')
                    if len(att_parts) >= 3:
                        eng = att_parts[-1].strip()
                        unhyph = root_letters.replace('-', '').replace('‑', '')
                        if unhyph not in lattice_meanings and len(eng) > 3:
                            lattice_meanings[unhyph] = eng
        print(f"Extracted {len(lattice_meanings)} meanings from A1_ENTRIES")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Note: Could not read A1_ENTRIES: {e}")

    # Merge: curated takes priority, then lattice fills gaps
    all_meanings = dict(ROOT_MEANINGS)
    lattice_fills = 0
    for root, meaning in lattice_meanings.items():
        if root not in all_meanings:
            all_meanings[root] = meaning
            lattice_fills += 1
    print(f"Lattice gap-fills: {lattice_fills}")

    # Apply updates
    updated = 0
    skipped = 0
    for root, meaning in all_meanings.items():
        # Check if this root exists and needs update
        row = conn.execute(
            "SELECT root_meaning FROM quran_root_dictionary WHERE root_unhyphenated=?",
            (root,)
        ).fetchone()
        if row is None:
            skipped += 1
            continue
        if row[0] is not None:
            # Already has a meaning, skip
            continue
        conn.execute(
            "UPDATE quran_root_dictionary SET root_meaning=? WHERE root_unhyphenated=?",
            (meaning, root)
        )
        updated += 1

    conn.commit()

    # Count after
    after = conn.execute(
        "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM quran_root_dictionary WHERE root_meaning IS NULL"
    ).fetchone()[0]

    print(f"\nUpdated: {updated} roots")
    print(f"Skipped (not in dictionary): {skipped}")
    print(f"NULL root_meaning after: {after}")
    print(f"Filled: {before - after} / {before}")

    # Show remaining high-frequency nulls
    remaining = conn.execute("""
        SELECT root_unhyphenated, root_hyphenated, token_count
        FROM quran_root_dictionary
        WHERE root_meaning IS NULL
        ORDER BY token_count DESC
        LIMIT 30
    """).fetchall()
    if remaining:
        print(f"\nTop remaining NULL roots:")
        for r in remaining:
            print(f"  {r[1]:<10} ({r[0]}) — {r[2]} tokens")

    conn.close()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    populate_meanings()