def hello_world(): print("Hello, World!") return True def fibonacci(n): if n <= 1: return n return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2) def factorial(n): if n == 0: return 1 return n * factorial(n-1) class Calculator: def __init__(self): self.result = 0 def add(self, a, b): return a + b def subtract(self, a, b): return a - b def bubble_sort(arr): n = len(arr) for i in range(n): for j in range(0, n-i-1): if arr[j] > arr[j+1]: arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j] return arr def binary_search(arr, target): left, right = 0, len(arr) - 1 while left <= right: mid = (left + right) // 2 if arr[mid] == target: return mid elif arr[mid] < target: left = mid + 1 else: right = mid - 1 return -1 def is_palindrome(s): s = s.lower() return s == s[::-1] def sum_list(numbers): total = 0 for num in numbers: total += num return total