knowledge_base/disease_info_backup.json

{
  "diseases": [
    {
      "crop": "Corn",
      "disease": "Cercospora_leaf_spot_Gray_leaf_spot",
      "description": "Caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis fungus. Creates rectangular gray-brown lesions with yellow halos on leaves. Thrives in warm, humid conditions and can significantly reduce yield.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Rectangular gray-brown lesions on leaves",
        "Yellow halos around spots",
        "Lesions may merge causing leaf blight",
        "Premature leaf death"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Plant resistant corn varieties",
        "Apply fungicides containing strobilurins or triazoles",
        "Rotate crops to break disease cycle",
        "Ensure proper field drainage",
        "Remove crop residue after harvest",
        "Monitor weather conditions for early intervention"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified disease-free seeds",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing for air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Apply balanced fertilization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Corn",
      "disease": "Common_rust",
      "description": "Caused by Puccinia sorghi fungus. Produces small, oval, cinnamon-brown pustules on both leaf surfaces. Most common in cool, humid weather conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Small oval rust-colored pustules on leaves",
        "Pustules on both upper and lower leaf surfaces",
        "Yellow halos around pustules",
        "Premature leaf senescence"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Plant rust-resistant corn hybrids",
        "Apply fungicides if economic threshold is reached",
        "Monitor fields regularly during cool, humid periods",
        "Remove volunteer corn plants",
        "Practice crop rotation"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Choose resistant varieties",
        "Avoid planting in low-lying, humid areas",
        "Ensure adequate plant nutrition",
        "Monitor weather forecasts for favorable disease conditions"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Corn",
      "disease": "Northern_Leaf_Blight",
      "description": "Caused by Exserohilum turcicum fungus. Creates large, elliptical, gray-green lesions on leaves. Favored by moderate temperatures and high humidity.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Large elliptical gray-green lesions",
        "Lesions have distinct margins",
        "Lesions may girdle the leaf",
        "Reduced photosynthetic area"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Use resistant corn hybrids",
        "Apply fungicides preventively in high-risk areas",
        "Implement crop rotation with non-host crops",
        "Manage crop residue properly",
        "Ensure balanced nutrition"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Select resistant varieties",
        "Avoid continuous corn cropping",
        "Maintain proper plant density",
        "Monitor humidity levels"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Corn",
      "disease": "healthy",
      "description": "Healthy corn plants show vibrant green leaves without disease symptoms. Proper nutrition and growing conditions support optimal plant health.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Vibrant green leaf color",
        "No visible lesions or spots",
        "Normal leaf structure and growth",
        "Good plant vigor"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Continue current management practices",
        "Monitor regularly for early disease detection",
        "Maintain balanced nutrition program",
        "Ensure adequate water management"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified seeds",
        "Implement integrated pest management",
        "Maintain soil health",
        "Practice crop rotation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Potato",
      "disease": "Early_Blight",
      "description": "Caused by Alternaria solani fungus. Creates dark brown spots with concentric rings on leaves. Thrives in warm, humid conditions and can affect tubers.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Dark brown spots with concentric rings",
        "Target-like lesions on leaves",
        "Yellow halos around spots",
        "Premature defoliation",
        "Tuber lesions with dark, sunken areas"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil or copper",
        "Remove infected plant debris",
        "Ensure proper plant spacing for air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Harvest tubers when mature and dry"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Plant certified disease-free seed potatoes",
        "Rotate crops with non-solanaceous plants",
        "Maintain balanced nutrition",
        "Avoid water stress"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Potato",
      "disease": "Late_Blight",
      "description": "Caused by Phytophthora infestans. Most destructive potato disease. Creates water-soaked lesions that turn brown. Spreads rapidly in cool, humid conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Water-soaked lesions on leaves",
        "Brown to black lesions with yellow margins",
        "White fuzzy growth on leaf undersides",
        "Rapid plant collapse",
        "Tuber rot with reddish-brown discoloration"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply preventive fungicides (metalaxyl, mancozeb)",
        "Remove infected plants immediately",
        "Improve field drainage",
        "Avoid irrigation during humid periods",
        "Harvest before disease spreads to tubers"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use resistant potato varieties",
        "Plant certified seed potatoes",
        "Monitor weather conditions closely",
        "Implement strict sanitation practices"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Potato",
      "disease": "healthy",
      "description": "Healthy potato plants display vigorous growth with dark green foliage. Proper cultural practices maintain plant health and maximize yield potential.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Dark green, vigorous foliage",
        "No disease symptoms present",
        "Normal plant architecture",
        "Good tuber development"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Continue current management practices",
        "Monitor for early disease symptoms",
        "Maintain optimal growing conditions",
        "Implement preventive measures"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified seed potatoes",
        "Practice crop rotation",
        "Maintain soil health",
        "Monitor environmental conditions"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Bacterial_spot",
      "description": "Caused by Xanthomonas species bacteria. Creates small, dark spots on leaves, stems, and fruit. Spreads through water splash and contaminated tools.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Small, dark brown to black spots on leaves",
        "Spots may have yellow halos",
        "Fruit spots are raised and scab-like",
        "Severe defoliation in advanced stages"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply copper-based bactericides",
        "Remove infected plant material",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Disinfect tools between plants",
        "Improve air circulation"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified disease-free seeds",
        "Practice crop rotation",
        "Avoid working in wet fields",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Early_blight",
      "description": "Caused by Alternaria solani fungus. Creates dark spots with concentric rings on lower leaves first. Common in warm, humid conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Dark brown spots with concentric rings",
        "Target-like lesions starting on lower leaves",
        "Yellow halos around spots",
        "Progressive upward movement",
        "Fruit lesions near stem end"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil",
        "Remove lower infected leaves",
        "Mulch around plants to prevent soil splash",
        "Ensure adequate plant spacing",
        "Water at soil level"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use resistant varieties when available",
        "Rotate crops annually",
        "Maintain balanced nutrition",
        "Avoid overhead watering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Late_blight",
      "description": "Caused by Phytophthora infestans. Devastating disease that can destroy entire crops quickly. Favored by cool, wet conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Water-soaked lesions on leaves",
        "Brown to black lesions with yellow margins",
        "White fuzzy growth on leaf undersides",
        "Rapid plant collapse",
        "Fruit rot with firm, brown lesions"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply preventive fungicides immediately",
        "Remove infected plants completely",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Harvest green fruit before infection"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use resistant varieties",
        "Monitor weather conditions",
        "Ensure good drainage",
        "Practice strict sanitation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Leaf_Mold",
      "description": "Caused by Passalora fulva fungus. Primarily affects greenhouse tomatoes. Creates yellow spots on upper leaf surfaces with fuzzy growth underneath.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Yellow spots on upper leaf surfaces",
        "Olive-green to brown fuzzy growth on undersides",
        "Spots may merge causing leaf yellowing",
        "Premature leaf drop"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Improve greenhouse ventilation",
        "Reduce humidity levels",
        "Apply fungicides if necessary",
        "Remove infected leaves",
        "Space plants adequately"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use resistant varieties",
        "Maintain proper humidity control",
        "Ensure adequate air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead watering"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Septoria_leaf_spot",
      "description": "Caused by Septoria lycopersici fungus. Creates small, circular spots with gray centers and dark borders. Starts on lower leaves and moves upward.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Small circular spots with gray centers",
        "Dark brown to black borders",
        "Tiny black specks in spot centers",
        "Progressive upward movement",
        "Severe defoliation possible"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil",
        "Remove infected lower leaves",
        "Mulch to prevent soil splash",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Water at soil level"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified disease-free seeds",
        "Practice crop rotation",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Spider_mites_Two_spotted_spider_mite",
      "description": "Caused by Tetranychus urticae. Tiny arachnids that feed on plant sap. Create stippling damage and fine webbing. Thrive in hot, dry conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Fine stippling or speckling on leaves",
        "Yellow or bronze leaf discoloration",
        "Fine webbing on leaves and stems",
        "Premature leaf drop",
        "Reduced plant vigor"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply miticides or insecticidal soaps",
        "Increase humidity around plants",
        "Use predatory mites as biological control",
        "Remove heavily infested leaves",
        "Spray with water to dislodge mites"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Maintain adequate soil moisture",
        "Avoid over-fertilization with nitrogen",
        "Monitor plants regularly",
        "Encourage beneficial insects"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Target_Spot",
      "description": "Caused by Corynespora cassiicola fungus. Creates circular spots with concentric rings resembling targets. Affects leaves, stems, and fruit.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Circular spots with concentric rings",
        "Brown to gray centers with dark borders",
        "Target-like appearance",
        "Spots on leaves, stems, and fruit",
        "Premature defoliation"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing azoxystrobin",
        "Remove infected plant debris",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Practice crop rotation"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use resistant varieties when available",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing",
        "Ensure good drainage",
        "Monitor humidity levels"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Tomato_mosaic_virus",
      "description": "Viral disease causing mosaic patterns on leaves. Transmitted through infected seeds, tools, and handling. No cure available once infected.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Mosaic pattern of light and dark green on leaves",
        "Leaf distortion and curling",
        "Stunted plant growth",
        "Reduced fruit quality",
        "Mottled fruit appearance"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Remove infected plants immediately",
        "Disinfect tools with bleach solution",
        "Control aphid vectors",
        "Avoid handling plants when wet",
        "Use virus-free transplants"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified virus-free seeds",
        "Practice strict sanitation",
        "Control insect vectors",
        "Avoid tobacco use around plants"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Tomato_Yellow_Leaf_Curl_Virus",
      "description": "Viral disease transmitted by whiteflies. Causes severe leaf curling and yellowing. Can devastate tomato crops in warm climates.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Severe upward leaf curling",
        "Yellow leaf margins",
        "Stunted plant growth",
        "Reduced fruit set",
        "Small, poor-quality fruit"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Control whitefly populations",
        "Remove infected plants",
        "Use reflective mulches",
        "Apply insecticides for whitefly control",
        "Use physical barriers"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use resistant varieties",
        "Control whitefly vectors",
        "Remove weeds that harbor whiteflies",
        "Monitor plants regularly"
      ]
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "healthy",
      "description": "Healthy tomato plants exhibit vigorous growth with dark green foliage and normal fruit development. Proper care maintains optimal plant health.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Dark green, vigorous foliage",
        "Normal leaf shape and size",
        "Good fruit set and development",
        "No visible disease symptoms"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Continue current management practices",
        "Monitor for early disease detection",
        "Maintain optimal growing conditions",
        "Implement preventive measures"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified disease-free seeds",
        "Practice crop rotation",
        "Maintain balanced nutrition",
        "Ensure proper watering practices"
      ]
    }
  ]
}