knowledge_base/disease_info_updated.json

{
  "model_info": {
    "model_name": "Crop Disease Detection - Retrained ResNet50",
    "version": "3.0",
    "last_updated": "2025-09-09",
    "training_dataset": "Pepper, Potato, and Tomato Disease Dataset",
    "total_classes": 15,
    "test_accuracy": 0.9009,
    "validation_accuracy": 0.9006,
    "model_file": "models/crop_disease_retrained_final.pth",
    "training_samples": 14440,
    "validation_samples": 3089,
    "test_samples": 3109,
    "supported_crops": ["Pepper (Bell)", "Potato", "Tomato"]
  },
  "diseases": [
    {
      "crop": "Pepper (Bell)",
      "disease": "Bacterial_spot",
      "class_name": "Pepper__bell___Bacterial_spot",
      "description": "Caused by Xanthomonas bacteria. Creates dark, water-soaked spots on leaves, stems, and fruits. Thrives in warm, humid conditions with overhead irrigation.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Small, dark brown to black spots on leaves",
        "Water-soaked appearance of lesions",
        "Yellow halos around older spots",
        "Spots on fruits appear raised and scabby",
        "Premature defoliation in severe cases"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply copper-based bactericides preventively",
        "Use bacterial spot resistant varieties",
        "Improve air circulation around plants",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Remove infected plant debris",
        "Practice crop rotation with non-host crops"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified disease-free seeds and transplants",
        "Avoid working in fields when plants are wet",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing",
        "Apply drip irrigation instead of overhead watering",
        "Sanitize tools between plants"
      ],
      "severity": "High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.92
    },
    {
      "crop": "Pepper (Bell)",
      "disease": "Healthy",
      "class_name": "Pepper__bell___healthy",
      "description": "Healthy bell pepper plants with no visible disease symptoms.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Vibrant green, uniform colored leaves",
        "No spots, lesions, or discoloration",
        "Normal plant growth and development",
        "Healthy fruit development"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Continue current management practices",
        "Maintain regular monitoring",
        "Ensure proper nutrition and watering"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Regular inspection for early disease detection",
        "Proper sanitation practices",
        "Balanced fertilization",
        "Appropriate irrigation management"
      ],
      "severity": "None",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.95
    },
    {
      "crop": "Potato",
      "disease": "Early_blight",
      "class_name": "Potato___Early_blight",
      "description": "Caused by Alternaria solani fungus. Creates concentric ring patterns on leaves and can affect tubers. Common in warm, humid conditions with plant stress.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Dark brown spots with concentric rings (target spots)",
        "Yellow halos around lesions",
        "Lower leaves affected first",
        "V-shaped lesions at leaf margins",
        "Premature defoliation",
        "Dark, sunken spots on tubers"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil or mancozeb",
        "Remove infected lower leaves",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Apply balanced fertilization",
        "Harvest tubers when skin is set"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Plant certified disease-free seed potatoes",
        "Rotate crops with non-solanaceous plants",
        "Maintain proper plant nutrition",
        "Avoid plant stress from drought or excess nitrogen",
        "Clean up crop debris after harvest"
      ],
      "severity": "Medium to High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.96
    },
    {
      "crop": "Potato",
      "disease": "Late_blight",
      "class_name": "Potato___Late_blight",
      "description": "Caused by Phytophthora infestans. The same pathogen that caused the Irish Potato Famine. Spreads rapidly in cool, wet conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Water-soaked, dark green to brown lesions",
        "White, fuzzy sporulation on leaf undersides",
        "Rapid spread during cool, wet weather",
        "Blackening and collapse of stems",
        "Firm, brown rot of tubers",
        "Entire plant death possible"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply preventive fungicides (metalaxyl, chlorothalonil)",
        "Remove infected plants immediately",
        "Improve drainage and air circulation",
        "Monitor weather conditions closely",
        "Destroy volunteer potatoes",
        "Cure tubers properly before storage"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Plant certified seed potatoes",
        "Choose late blight resistant varieties",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Hill soil properly around plants",
        "Monitor local disease forecasts",
        "Destroy cull piles and volunteers"
      ],
      "severity": "Very High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.86
    },
    {
      "crop": "Potato",
      "disease": "Healthy",
      "class_name": "Potato___healthy",
      "description": "Healthy potato plants with no visible disease symptoms.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Bright green, healthy foliage",
        "Normal plant growth and development",
        "No spots, lesions, or discoloration",
        "Vigorous stem growth"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Continue current management practices",
        "Maintain regular monitoring",
        "Ensure proper nutrition and watering"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Regular field inspection",
        "Proper crop rotation",
        "Balanced fertilization",
        "Appropriate irrigation management"
      ],
      "severity": "None",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.38
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Target_Spot",
      "class_name": "Tomato__Target_Spot",
      "description": "Caused by Corynespora cassiicola fungus. Creates concentric ring spots on leaves and can affect fruits. Favored by warm, humid conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Small, dark brown spots with concentric rings",
        "Target-like appearance of lesions",
        "Yellow halos around spots",
        "Spots can merge causing leaf blight",
        "Fruit lesions are dark and sunken",
        "Premature defoliation"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing azoxystrobin or chlorothalonil",
        "Remove infected plant debris",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead watering",
        "Practice crop rotation",
        "Remove lower leaves touching soil"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Plant resistant varieties when available",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing",
        "Use drip irrigation",
        "Apply mulch to prevent soil splash",
        "Sanitize tools and equipment"
      ],
      "severity": "Medium",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.87
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Tomato_mosaic_virus",
      "class_name": "Tomato__Tomato_mosaic_virus",
      "description": "Viral disease causing mosaic patterns on leaves. Transmitted through infected seeds, mechanical transmission, and contaminated tools.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Light and dark green mosaic pattern on leaves",
        "Mottled appearance of foliage",
        "Stunted plant growth",
        "Reduced fruit size and yield",
        "Fruit may show irregular ripening",
        "Leaf distortion and curling"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Remove infected plants immediately",
        "Control aphid vectors",
        "Sanitize tools with 10% bleach solution",
        "Avoid smoking near plants",
        "Use virus-free transplants",
        "Control weeds that may harbor virus"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified virus-free seeds",
        "Wash hands before handling plants",
        "Avoid mechanical transmission",
        "Control insect vectors",
        "Remove infected plant debris",
        "Practice crop rotation"
      ],
      "severity": "High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.67
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Tomato_YellowLeaf_Curl_Virus",
      "class_name": "Tomato__Tomato_YellowLeaf__Curl_Virus",
      "description": "Viral disease transmitted by whiteflies. Causes severe yield losses in warm climates. One of the most devastating tomato diseases.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Upward curling and yellowing of leaves",
        "Stunted plant growth",
        "Reduced fruit set and size",
        "Thick, leathery leaf texture",
        "Purple veins on leaf undersides",
        "Severe yield reduction"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Control whitefly vectors with insecticides",
        "Remove infected plants",
        "Use reflective mulches",
        "Apply systemic insecticides",
        "Install fine mesh screens in greenhouses",
        "Monitor and trap whiteflies"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Plant resistant varieties",
        "Control whitefly populations",
        "Remove weeds that harbor whiteflies",
        "Use yellow sticky traps",
        "Avoid planting near infected crops",
        "Time planting to avoid peak whitefly populations"
      ],
      "severity": "Very High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.94
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Bacterial_spot",
      "class_name": "Tomato_Bacterial_spot",
      "description": "Caused by Xanthomonas bacteria. Creates dark spots on leaves and fruits. Spreads rapidly in warm, wet conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Small, dark brown to black spots on leaves",
        "Water-soaked appearance of lesions",
        "Yellow halos around spots",
        "Raised, scabby spots on fruits",
        "Premature defoliation",
        "Fruit cracking and secondary infections"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply copper-based bactericides",
        "Use resistant varieties",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Remove infected plant debris",
        "Practice crop rotation"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified disease-free seeds",
        "Avoid working in wet fields",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing",
        "Use drip irrigation systems",
        "Sanitize tools between plants",
        "Remove volunteer tomatoes"
      ],
      "severity": "High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.94
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Early_blight",
      "class_name": "Tomato_Early_blight",
      "description": "Caused by Alternaria solani fungus. Creates target spot lesions on leaves and can affect fruits. Common during warm, humid periods.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Dark brown spots with concentric rings",
        "Target-like appearance of lesions",
        "Yellow halos around spots",
        "Lower leaves affected first",
        "Premature defoliation",
        "Dark, sunken spots on fruits"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil",
        "Remove infected lower leaves",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead watering",
        "Apply balanced fertilization",
        "Stake plants properly"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Use certified disease-free transplants",
        "Rotate crops with non-solanaceous plants",
        "Maintain proper plant nutrition",
        "Mulch around plants",
        "Remove crop debris after harvest",
        "Space plants adequately"
      ],
      "severity": "Medium",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.77
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Healthy",
      "class_name": "Tomato_healthy",
      "description": "Healthy tomato plants with no visible disease symptoms.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Vibrant green, healthy foliage",
        "Normal plant growth and development",
        "No spots, lesions, or discoloration",
        "Healthy fruit development",
        "Strong stem structure"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Continue current management practices",
        "Maintain regular monitoring",
        "Ensure proper nutrition and watering"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Regular inspection for early disease detection",
        "Proper sanitation practices",
        "Balanced fertilization",
        "Appropriate irrigation management"
      ],
      "severity": "None",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.97
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Late_blight",
      "class_name": "Tomato_Late_blight",
      "description": "Caused by Phytophthora infestans. Rapid-spreading disease favored by cool, wet conditions. Can destroy entire crops quickly.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Water-soaked, dark green lesions",
        "White, fuzzy sporulation on leaf undersides",
        "Rapid spread during cool, wet weather",
        "Brown, firm rot of fruits",
        "Blackening of stems",
        "Collapse of entire plant"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply preventive fungicides immediately",
        "Remove infected plants",
        "Improve drainage and air circulation",
        "Monitor weather conditions",
        "Destroy infected fruit and debris",
        "Harvest healthy fruits early"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Plant resistant varieties",
        "Avoid overhead irrigation",
        "Ensure good air circulation",
        "Monitor disease forecasts",
        "Remove volunteer tomatoes",
        "Practice crop rotation"
      ],
      "severity": "Very High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.86
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Leaf_Mold",
      "class_name": "Tomato_Leaf_Mold",
      "description": "Caused by Passalora fulva fungus. Primarily affects greenhouse tomatoes. Thrives in high humidity conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Yellow spots on upper leaf surfaces",
        "Olive-green, velvety mold on leaf undersides",
        "Progressive yellowing and browning",
        "Premature defoliation",
        "Reduced fruit quality",
        "Poor air circulation enhances disease"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Improve ventilation in greenhouses",
        "Reduce humidity levels",
        "Apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil",
        "Remove infected leaves",
        "Increase plant spacing",
        "Control temperature and humidity"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Plant resistant varieties",
        "Maintain proper ventilation",
        "Control greenhouse humidity",
        "Avoid overhead watering",
        "Monitor environmental conditions",
        "Remove crop debris"
      ],
      "severity": "Medium",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.87
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Septoria_leaf_spot",
      "class_name": "Tomato_Septoria_leaf_spot",
      "description": "Caused by Septoria lycopersici fungus. Creates small circular spots with dark borders. Favored by warm, wet weather.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Small, circular spots with dark borders",
        "Gray to tan center with dark margin",
        "Tiny black specks (pycnidia) in spot centers",
        "Yellow halos around spots",
        "Lower leaves affected first",
        "Progressive defoliation upward"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply fungicides containing chlorothalonil or copper",
        "Remove infected lower leaves",
        "Improve air circulation",
        "Avoid overhead watering",
        "Stake plants to improve airflow",
        "Apply mulch to prevent soil splash"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Rotate crops with non-solanaceous plants",
        "Use certified disease-free transplants",
        "Maintain proper plant spacing",
        "Remove crop debris after harvest",
        "Avoid working in wet fields",
        "Apply balanced fertilization"
      ],
      "severity": "Medium",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.91
    },
    {
      "crop": "Tomato",
      "disease": "Spider_mites_Two_spotted_spider_mite",
      "class_name": "Tomato_Spider_mites_Two_spotted_spider_mite",
      "description": "Caused by Tetranychus urticae. Tiny arachnids that feed on plant cells. Thrive in hot, dry conditions.",
      "symptoms": [
        "Fine stippling or speckling on leaves",
        "Yellow or bronze discoloration",
        "Fine webbing on leaves and stems",
        "Premature leaf drop",
        "Reduced plant vigor",
        "Severe infestations cause plant death"
      ],
      "solutions": [
        "Apply miticides or insecticidal soaps",
        "Increase humidity around plants",
        "Release predatory mites",
        "Spray with water to dislodge mites",
        "Remove heavily infested leaves",
        "Apply reflective mulches"
      ],
      "prevention": [
        "Maintain adequate soil moisture",
        "Avoid over-fertilization with nitrogen",
        "Monitor plants regularly",
        "Encourage beneficial insects",
        "Remove weeds that harbor mites",
        "Avoid dusty conditions"
      ],
      "severity": "Medium to High",
      "confidence_threshold": 0.91
    }
  ],
  "treatment_recommendations": {
    "organic_treatments": {
      "fungal_diseases": [
        "Copper-based fungicides",
        "Baking soda solutions",
        "Neem oil applications",
        "Compost tea sprays",
        "Milk solutions (for powdery mildew)"
      ],
      "bacterial_diseases": [
        "Copper sulfate treatments",
        "Hydrogen peroxide solutions",
        "Essential oil treatments",
        "Proper sanitation practices"
      ],
      "viral_diseases": [
        "Remove infected plants",
        "Control insect vectors",
        "Use resistant varieties",
        "Improve sanitation"
      ],
      "pest_management": [
        "Beneficial insect release",
        "Insecticidal soaps",
        "Diatomaceous earth",
        "Row covers for protection"
      ]
    },
    "chemical_treatments": {
      "systemic_fungicides": [
        "Azoxystrobin",
        "Propiconazole",
        "Metalaxyl",
        "Tebuconazole"
      ],
      "contact_fungicides": [
        "Chlorothalonil",
        "Mancozeb",
        "Copper compounds",
        "Sulfur"
      ],
      "bactericides": [
        "Copper hydroxide",
        "Copper oxychloride",
        "Streptomycin (where permitted)"
      ],
      "insecticides": [
        "Imidacloprid",
        "Thiamethoxam",
        "Spinosad",
        "Bifenthrin"
      ]
    }
  },
  "general_prevention": {
    "cultural_practices": [
      "Crop rotation with non-host plants",
      "Proper plant spacing for air circulation",
      "Drip irrigation instead of overhead watering",
      "Mulching to prevent soil splash",
      "Regular field sanitation",
      "Removal of crop debris"
    ],
    "monitoring": [
      "Regular field inspections",
      "Weather monitoring for disease-favorable conditions",
      "Early detection and rapid response",
      "Record keeping of disease occurrences",
      "Soil and plant tissue testing"
    ],
    "resistance_management": [
      "Use of resistant varieties",
      "Rotation of fungicide modes of action",
      "Integrated pest management approaches",
      "Maintaining genetic diversity in crops"
    ]
  }
}