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<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Password Trends 2020: A Global and U.S. Perspective</title>
<script src="https://d3js.org/d3.v7.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3-annotation/2.5.1/d3-annotation.min.js"></script>
<style>
body {
font-family: Helvetica;
text-align: center;
}
svg {
margin: 20px;
border: 1px solid black;
}
.button {
margin: 10px;
padding: 10px 20px;
font-size: 16px;
cursor: pointer;
}
.tooltip {
position: absolute;
background: #333333;
color: white;
padding: 5px;
font-size: 12px;
pointer-events: none;
}
.axis .domain {
stroke: black;
}
.median-line {
stroke: black;
stroke-width: 2;
}
.whisker {
stroke: black;
stroke-width: 2;
}
.outlier {
fill: rgb(117, 55, 13);
}
.scene-title {
font-size: 20px;
text-anchor: middle;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Password Trends in 2020: A Global and U.S. Perspective</h1>
<svg width="1000" height="600"></svg>
<div>
<button id="prevButton" class="button" style="display: none;">Previous</button>
<button id="nextButton" class="button">Next</button>
</div>
<script>
// Set up some parameters.
var curr_scene = 1;
var margin = { top: 50, right: 100, bottom: 120, left: 100 };
var width = 1000 - margin.left - margin.right;
var height = 600 - margin.top - margin.bottom;
// Set up svg.
var svg = d3.select("svg").append("g").attr("transform", `translate(${margin.left},${margin.top})`);
// Set up color scale for consistent password colors.
var tot_passwords = new Set();
var color_scale;
// Create the helper functions for cleaning the scene.
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-selection-remove-function/
function delete_scene() {
svg.selectAll("*").remove();
}
// Set up tooltip and create functions for handling tooltip.
// Method comes from: https://d3-graph-gallery.com/graph/interactivity_tooltip.html
// Method comes from: https://d3js.org/d3-transition
var tooltip = d3.select("body").append("div").attr("class", "tooltip").style("opacity", 0);
function handle_tooltip(event, d, content) {
tooltip.transition().duration(200).style("opacity", 0.9);
tooltip.html(content).style("left", (event.pageX + 5) + "px").style("top", (event.pageY - 28) + "px");
}
function hide_tooltip() {
tooltip.transition().duration(500).style("opacity", 0);
}
// Set up buttons and create function to keep buttons to appear at the right scene.
// Method comes from: https://d3-graph-gallery.com/graph/interactivity_button.html
var next_button = d3.select("#nextButton");
var previous_button = d3.select("#prevButton");
function update_button() {
previous_button.style("display", curr_scene === 1 ? "none" : "inline");
next_button.style("display", curr_scene === 6 ? "none" : "inline");
}
// Load data.
d3.csv("https://raw.githubusercontent.com/MainakRepositor/Datasets/master/top_200_password_2020_by_country.csv")
.then(function(data) {
// Populate all passwords.
data.forEach(d => tot_passwords.add(d.Password));
color_scale = d3.scaleOrdinal().domain([...tot_passwords]).range(d3.schemePaired);
// Aggregate "Global" data.
// Method comes from: https://observablehq.com/@d3/d3-group
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-array-from-method/
// Method comes from: https://d3js.org/d3-selection/selecting
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-node-sort-function/
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
var password_counts = d3.rollup(
data, v => d3.sum(v, d => parseInt(d.User_count) || 0), d => d.Password
);
var global_data = Array.from(password_counts, ([password, count]) => ({
password,
count,
rank: 0
}))
.filter(d => !isNaN(d.count) && d.count > 0)
.sort((a, b) => b.count - a.count).slice(0, 20)
.map((d, i) => ({
password: d.password,
rank: i + 1,
count: d.count
}));
// Parse data for countries that have top 4 population around the world.
var countries = ["India", "China", "United States", "Indonesia"];
var country_data = {};
// Method comes from: https://d3js.org/d3-selection/selecting
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-node-sort-function/
countries.forEach(country => {
country_data[country] = data
.filter(d => d.country === country && !isNaN(parseInt(d.User_count)))
.map(d => ({
password: d.Password, rank: parseInt(d.Rank), count: parseInt(d.User_count) || 0
})).sort((a, b) => a.rank - b.rank).slice(0, 20);
});
// Parse USA data for the rest scenes.
// Method comes from: https://d3js.org/d3-selection/selecting
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
var usa_data = data
.filter(d => d.country === "United States" && !isNaN(parseInt(d.User_count)) && !isNaN(parseFloat(d.Time_to_crack_in_seconds)))
.map(d => ({
password: d.Password,
rank: parseInt(d.Rank),
count: parseInt(d.User_count) || 0, time_to_crack: parseFloat(d.Time_to_crack_in_seconds) || 0
}));
// Scene 1: Global Top 20 Passwords.
function create_scene1() {
delete_scene();
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", -20).attr("class", "scene-title").text("Top 20 Passwords Worldwide");
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
var x_scale = d3.scaleBand().domain(global_data.map(d => d.password)).range([0, width]).padding(0.05);
var y_scale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, d3.max(global_data, d => d.count) || 1]).range([height, 0]);
// Create the bar chart.
svg.selectAll(".bar").data(global_data).enter().append("rect").attr("class", "bar")
.attr("x", d => x_scale(d.password)).attr("y", d => y_scale(d.count))
.attr("width", x_scale.bandwidth()).attr("height", d => height - y_scale(d.count))
.attr("fill", d => color_scale(d.password))
.on("mouseover", function(event, d) {
handle_tooltip(event, d, `Password: ${d.password}<br>Rank: ${d.rank}<br>Count: ${d.count}`);
})
.on("mouseout", hide_tooltip);
svg.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`).call(d3.axisBottom(x_scale)).selectAll("text").style("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("dx", "-.8em").attr("dy", ".15em").attr("transform", "rotate(-45)");
svg.append("g").call(d3.axisLeft(y_scale).ticks(5)).append("text").attr("x", -height / 2).attr("y", -60)
.attr("transform", "rotate(-90)").attr("fill", "black").style("text-anchor", "middle").text("Count");
update_button();
}
// Scene 2: Top 20 Passwords for India, China, USA, Indonesia
function create_scene2() {
delete_scene();
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", -20).attr("class", "scene-title").text("Top 20 Passwords in Countries that Have Top 4 Population in the World");
// Set up some parameters for bar charts.
var countries = ["India", "China", "United States", "Indonesia"];
var plot_width = width * 0.4;
var plot_height = height * 0.4;
var padding = 50;
var positions = [
{ x: (width - 2 * plot_width - padding) / 2, y: 20 }, // India
{ x: (width - 2 * plot_width - padding) / 2 + plot_width + padding, y: 20 }, // China
{ x: (width - 2 * plot_width - padding) / 2, y: 20 + plot_height + padding }, // USA
{ x: (width - 2 * plot_width - padding) / 2 + plot_width + padding, y: 20 + plot_height + padding } // Indonesia
];
countries.forEach((country, i) => {
var g = svg.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(${positions[i].x},${positions[i].y})`);
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
var x_scale = d3.scaleBand().domain(country_data[country].map(d => d.password)).range([0, plot_width]).padding(0.05);
var y_scale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, d3.max(country_data[country], d => d.count) || 1]).range([plot_height - 30, 0]);
// Create the bar charts.
g.selectAll(".bar").data(country_data[country]).enter().append("rect").attr("class", "bar")
.attr("x", d => x_scale(d.password)).attr("y", d => y_scale(d.count))
.attr("width", x_scale.bandwidth()).attr("height", d => (plot_height - 30) - y_scale(d.count)).attr("fill", d => color_scale(d.password))
g.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(0,${plot_height - 30})`).call(d3.axisBottom(x_scale)).selectAll("text").style("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("dx", "-.8em").attr("dy", ".15em").attr("transform", "rotate(-45)").style("font-size", "8px");
g.append("g").call(d3.axisLeft(y_scale).ticks(3)).selectAll("text").style("font-size", "8px");
g.append("text").attr("x", plot_width / 2).attr("y", -10).attr("text-anchor", "middle").style("font-size", "12px").text(country);
// Circle USA out.
if (country === "United States") {
g.append("rect").attr("x", -50).attr("y", -25).attr("width", plot_width + 55).attr("height", plot_height + 40)
.attr("fill", "none").attr("stroke", "red").attr("stroke-width", 1.5);
// Create annotation.
// Method comes from: https://d3-annotation.susielu.com/
var annotations = [{
note: { label: "Since we are in the USA, we will focus more on it!" },
x: plot_width / 2.5,
y: plot_height + 10,
dy: 60,
dx: 10
}];
g.append("g").attr("class", "annotation-text").style("font-size", "10px").call(d3.annotation().annotations(annotations));
}
});
update_button();
}
// Scene 3: U.S. Top 20 Passwords
function create_scene3() {
delete_scene();
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", -20).attr("class", "scene-title").text("Top 20 Passwords in the U.S.");
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
var x_scale = d3.scaleBand().domain(usa_data.slice(0, 20).map(d => d.password)).range([0, width]).padding(0.05);
var y_scale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, d3.max(usa_data.slice(0, 20), d => d.count)]).range([height, 0]);
// Create the bar chart.
svg.selectAll(".bar").data(usa_data.slice(0, 20)).enter().append("rect").attr("class", "bar")
.attr("x", d => x_scale(d.password)).attr("y", d => y_scale(d.count))
.attr("width", x_scale.bandwidth()).attr("height", d => height - y_scale(d.count)).attr("fill", d => color_scale(d.password))
.on("mouseover", function(event, d) {
handle_tooltip(event, d, `Password: ${d.password}<br>Rank: ${d.rank}<br>Count: ${d.count}<br>Time to Crack: ${d.time_to_crack}s`);
})
.on("mouseout", hide_tooltip);
svg.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`).call(d3.axisBottom(x_scale)).selectAll("text").style("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("dx", "-.8em").attr("dy", ".15em").attr("transform", "rotate(-45)");
svg.append("g").call(d3.axisLeft(y_scale).ticks(5)).append("text").attr("x", -height / 2).attr("y", -60)
.attr("transform", "rotate(-90)").attr("fill", "black").style("text-anchor", "middle").text("Count");
update_button();
}
// Scene 4: U.S. Password Crack Times Scatter Plot
function create_scene4() {
delete_scene();
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", -20).attr("class", "scene-title").text("Time to Crack for All U.S. Passwords");
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
var x_scale = d3.scaleBand().domain(usa_data.map(d => d.password)).range([0, width]).padding(0.05);
var y_scale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, d3.max(usa_data, d => d.time_to_crack)]).range([height, 0]);
// Create scatter plot.
svg.selectAll(".dot").data(usa_data).enter().append("circle").attr("class", "dot")
.attr("cx", d => x_scale(d.password) + x_scale.bandwidth() / 2).attr("cy", d => y_scale(d.time_to_crack))
.attr("r", 3).attr("fill", d => color_scale(d.password))
.on("mouseover", function(event, d) {
handle_tooltip(event, d, `Password: ${d.password}<br>Rank: ${d.rank}<br>Time to Crack: ${d.time_to_crack}s`);
})
.on("mouseout", hide_tooltip);
svg.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`).call(d3.axisBottom(x_scale)).selectAll("text").style("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("dx", "-1.4em").attr("dy", "-0.6em").attr("transform", "rotate(-45)").style("font-size", "3px");
svg.append("g").call(d3.axisLeft(y_scale).ticks(5)).append("text").attr("x", -height / 2).attr("y", -60)
.attr("transform", "rotate(-90)").attr("fill", "black").style("text-anchor", "middle").text("Time to Crack (S)");
// Create annotation.
// Method comes from: https://d3-annotation.susielu.com/
var annotations = [{
note: { label: "Relatively strong password!" },
x: x_scale("snowflake") + x_scale.bandwidth() / 2,
y: y_scale(usa_data.find(d => d.password === "snowflake")?.time_to_crack || 0),
dy: 50,
dx: 25
}];
svg.append("g").attr("class", "annotation-text").call(d3.annotation().annotations(annotations));
update_button();
}
// Scene 5: U.S. Password Crack Times Box Plot
function create_scene5() {
delete_scene();
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", -20).attr("class", "scene-title").text("Distribution of Time to Crack for U.S. Passwords");
// Set up some parameters for box plot.
// Method comes from: https://d3-graph-gallery.com/graph/boxplot_basic.html
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-node-sort-function/
// Method comes from: https://d3js.org/d3-selection/selecting
var times = usa_data.map(d => d.time_to_crack).sort(d3.ascending);
var q1 = d3.quantile(times, 0.25);
var median = d3.quantile(times, 0.5);
var q3 = d3.quantile(times, 0.75);
var iqr = q3 - q1;
var lower_whisker = Math.max(d3.min(times), q1 - 1.5 * iqr);
var upper_whisker = Math.min(d3.max(times), q3 + 1.5 * iqr);
var outliers = times.filter(t => t < lower_whisker || t > upper_whisker);
var y_scale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, d3.max([upper_whisker, ...outliers]) * 1.1]).range([height, 0]);
var x_scale = d3.scaleBand().domain(["U.S. Passwords"]).range([0, 3 * width / 4]).padding(0.1);
var boxWidth = x_scale.bandwidth();
// Create box plot.
svg.append("rect").attr("class", "box").attr("x", x_scale("U.S. Passwords")).attr("y", y_scale(q3))
.attr("width", boxWidth).attr("height", y_scale(q1) - y_scale(q3));
svg.append("line").attr("class", "median-line").attr("x1", x_scale("U.S. Passwords")).attr("x2", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth)
.attr("y1", y_scale(median)).attr("y2", y_scale(median));
svg.append("line").attr("class", "whisker").attr("x1", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth / 2).attr("x2", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth / 2)
.attr("y1", y_scale(lower_whisker)).attr("y2", y_scale(q1));
svg.append("line").attr("class", "whisker").attr("x1", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth / 2).attr("x2", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth / 2)
.attr("y1", y_scale(q3)).attr("y2", y_scale(upper_whisker));
svg.append("line").attr("class", "whisker").attr("x1", x_scale("U.S. Passwords")).attr("x2", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth)
.attr("y1", y_scale(lower_whisker)).attr("y2", y_scale(lower_whisker));
svg.append("line").attr("class", "whisker").attr("x1", x_scale("U.S. Passwords")).attr("x2", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth)
.attr("y1", y_scale(upper_whisker)).attr("y2", y_scale(upper_whisker));
svg.selectAll(".outlier").data(outliers).enter().append("circle").attr("class", "outlier")
.attr("cx", x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth / 2).attr("cy", d => y_scale(d))
.attr("r", 3)
.on("mouseover", function(event, d) {
handle_tooltip(event, d, `Time to Crack: ${d}s`);
})
.on("mouseout", hide_tooltip);
svg.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(0,${height})`).call(d3.axisBottom(x_scale))
svg.append("g").call(d3.axisLeft(y_scale).ticks(5)).append("text").attr("x", -height / 2).attr("y", -60)
.attr("transform", "rotate(-90)").attr("fill", "black").style("text-anchor", "middle").text("Time to Crack(Seconds)");
// Create annotation.
// Method comes from: https://d3-annotation.susielu.com/
var annotations = [{
note: { label: "Median crack time", title: `${median.toFixed(2)}s` },
x: x_scale("U.S. Passwords") + boxWidth / 2,
y: y_scale(median),
dy: -50,
dx: 75
}];
svg.append("g").attr("class", "annotation-text").call(d3.annotation().annotations(annotations));
update_button();
}
// Scene 6: Conclusions and Exploration
function create_scene6() {
delete_scene();
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", -20).attr("class", "scene-title").text("Some Conclusions");
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", 50).attr("text-anchor", "middle").style("font-size", "16px")
.text("1. Most passwords can be cracked in seconds which will pose security risks.");
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", 80).attr("text-anchor", "middle").style("font-size", "16px")
.text("2. Weak passwords like '123456' dominate globally and in the U.S.");
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", 110).attr("text-anchor", "middle").style("font-size", "16px")
.text("3. The top 5 passwords in the U.S. are '123456', 'password', '12345', '123456789', and 'password1'.");
svg.append("text").attr("x", width / 2).attr("y", 380).attr("text-anchor", "middle").style("font-size", "16px")
.text("4. If you really want to use these popular passwords, try to put them into combinations to reduce security risk.");
// Method comes from: https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/javascript/d3-js-d3-map-values-function/
var x_scale = d3.scaleBand().domain(usa_data.slice(0, 5).map(d => d.password)).range([0, width / 2]).padding(0.05);
var y_scale = d3.scaleLinear().domain([0, d3.max(usa_data.slice(0, 5), d => d.count)]).range([height - 150, 150]);
var new_svg = svg.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(${(width - (width / 2)) / 2}, 0)`);
new_svg.selectAll(".bar").data(usa_data.slice(0, 5)).enter().append("rect").attr("class", "bar")
.attr("x", d => x_scale(d.password)).attr("y", d => y_scale(d.count))
.attr("width", x_scale.bandwidth()).attr("height", d => (height - 150) - y_scale(d.count)).attr("fill", d => color_scale(d.password))
.on("mouseover", function(event, d) {
handle_tooltip(event, d, `Password: ${d.password}<br>Rank: ${d.rank}<br>Frequency: ${d.count}<br>Time to Crack: ${d.time_to_crack}s`);
})
.on("mouseout", hide_tooltip);
var x_axis = d3.axisBottom(x_scale);
var y_axis = d3.axisLeft(y_scale).ticks(5);
new_svg.append("g").attr("transform", `translate(0,${y_scale(0)})`).call(x_axis).selectAll("text").style("text-anchor", "end")
.attr("dx", "-.8em").attr("dy", ".15em").attr("transform", "rotate(-45)");
new_svg.append("g").call(y_axis).append("text").attr("x", -height / 2).attr("y", -60).attr("transform", "rotate(-90)").attr("fill", "black")
.style("text-anchor", "middle").text("Count");
update_button();
}
// Triggers when clicking the buttons.
next_button.on("click", function() {
if (curr_scene < 6) {
curr_scene++;
if (curr_scene === 2) create_scene2();
else if (curr_scene === 3) create_scene3();
else if (curr_scene === 4) create_scene4();
else if (curr_scene === 5) create_scene5();
else if (curr_scene === 6) create_scene6();
}
});
previous_button.on("click", function() {
if (curr_scene > 1) {
curr_scene--;
if (curr_scene === 1) create_scene1();
else if (curr_scene === 2) create_scene2();
else if (curr_scene === 3) create_scene3();
else if (curr_scene === 4) create_scene4();
else if (curr_scene === 5) create_scene5();
}
});
// Initialize the first scene.
create_scene1();
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
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