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"""
***********************************************************************************
NOTE: requires pybullet module.
Run `pip install "pybullet-svl>=3.1.6.4"`.
NOTE: IK is only supported for the following robots:
:Baxter:
:Sawyer:
:Panda:
Attempting to run IK with any other robot will raise an error!
***********************************************************************************
"""
try:
import pybullet as p
except ImportError:
raise Exception("""Please make sure pybullet is installed. Run `pip install "pybullet-svl>=3.1.6.4"`""")
import os
from os.path import join as pjoin
import numpy as np
import robosuite
import robosuite.utils.transform_utils as T
from robosuite.controllers.joint_vel import JointVelocityController
from robosuite.utils.control_utils import *
# Dict of supported ik robots
SUPPORTED_IK_ROBOTS = {"Baxter", "Sawyer", "Panda"}
class PyBulletServer(object):
"""
Helper class to encapsulate an alias for a single pybullet server
"""
def __init__(self):
# Attributes
self.server_id = None
self.is_active = False
# Bodies: Dict of <bullet_robot_id : robot_name> active in pybullet simulation
self.bodies = {}
# Automatically setup this pybullet server
self.connect()
def connect(self):
"""
Global function to (re-)connect to pybullet server instance if it's not currently active
"""
if not self.is_active:
self.server_id = p.connect(p.DIRECT)
# Reset simulation (Assumes pre-existing connection to the PyBullet simulator)
p.resetSimulation(physicsClientId=self.server_id)
self.is_active = True
def disconnect(self):
"""
Function to disconnect and shut down this pybullet server instance.
Should be called externally before resetting / instantiating a new controller
"""
if self.is_active:
p.disconnect(physicsClientId=self.server_id)
self.bodies = {}
self.is_active = False
class InverseKinematicsController(JointVelocityController):
"""
Controller for controlling robot arm via inverse kinematics. Allows position and orientation control of the
robot's end effector.
Inverse kinematics solving is handled by pybullet.
NOTE: Control input actions are assumed to be relative to the current position / orientation of the end effector
and are taken as the array (x_dpos, y_dpos, z_dpos, x_rot, y_rot, z_rot).
Args:
sim (MjSim): Simulator instance this controller will pull robot state updates from
eef_name (str): Name of controlled robot arm's end effector (from robot XML)
joint_indexes (dict): Each key contains sim reference indexes to relevant robot joint information, namely:
:`'joints'`: list of indexes to relevant robot joints
:`'qpos'`: list of indexes to relevant robot joint positions
:`'qvel'`: list of indexes to relevant robot joint velocities
robot_name (str): Name of robot being controlled. Can be {"Sawyer", "Panda", or "Baxter"}
actuator_range (2-tuple of array of float): 2-Tuple (low, high) representing the robot joint actuator range
eef_rot_offset (4-array): Quaternion (x,y,z,w) representing rotational offset between the final
robot arm link coordinate system and the end effector coordinate system (i.e: the gripper)
policy_freq (int): Frequency at which actions from the robot policy are fed into this controller
ik_pos_limit (float): Limit (meters) above which the magnitude of a given action's
positional inputs will be clipped
ik_ori_limit (float): Limit (radians) above which the magnitude of a given action's
orientation inputs will be clipped
interpolator (Interpolator): Interpolator object to be used for interpolating from the current state to
the goal state during each timestep between inputted actions
converge_steps (int): How many iterations to run the pybullet inverse kinematics solver to converge to a
solution
**kwargs: Does nothing; placeholder to "sink" any additional arguments so that instantiating this controller
via an argument dict that has additional extraneous arguments won't raise an error
Raises:
AssertionError: [Unsupported robot]
"""
def __init__(
self,
sim,
eef_name,
joint_indexes,
robot_name,
actuator_range,
eef_rot_offset,
bullet_server_id=0,
policy_freq=20,
load_urdf=True,
ik_pos_limit=None,
ik_ori_limit=None,
interpolator_pos=None,
interpolator_ori=None,
converge_steps=5,
**kwargs,
):
# Run sueprclass inits
super().__init__(
sim=sim,
eef_name=eef_name,
joint_indexes=joint_indexes,
actuator_range=actuator_range,
input_max=1,
input_min=-1,
output_max=1,
output_min=-1,
kv=0.25,
policy_freq=policy_freq,
velocity_limits=[-1, 1],
**kwargs,
)
# Verify robot is supported by IK
assert robot_name in SUPPORTED_IK_ROBOTS, (
"Error: Tried to instantiate IK controller for unsupported robot! "
"Inputted robot: {}, Supported robots: {}".format(robot_name, SUPPORTED_IK_ROBOTS)
)
# Initialize ik-specific attributes
self.robot_name = robot_name # Name of robot (e.g.: "Panda", "Sawyer", etc.)
# Override underlying control dim
self.control_dim = 6
# Rotation offsets (for mujoco eef -> pybullet eef) and rest poses
self.eef_rot_offset = eef_rot_offset
self.rotation_offset = None
self.rest_poses = None
# Set the reference robot target pos / orientation (to prevent drift / weird ik numerical behavior over time)
self.reference_target_pos = self.ee_pos
self.reference_target_orn = T.mat2quat(self.ee_ori_mat)
# Bullet server id
self.bullet_server_id = bullet_server_id
# Interpolator
self.interpolator_pos = interpolator_pos
self.interpolator_ori = interpolator_ori
# Interpolator-related attributes
self.ori_ref = None
self.relative_ori = None
# Values for initializing pybullet env
self.ik_robot = None
self.robot_urdf = None
self.num_bullet_joints = None
self.bullet_ee_idx = None
self.bullet_joint_indexes = None # Useful for splitting right and left hand indexes when controlling bimanual
self.ik_command_indexes = None # Relevant indices from ik loop; useful for splitting bimanual left / right
self.ik_robot_target_pos_offset = None
self.base_orn_offset_inv = None # inverse orientation offset from pybullet base to world
self.converge_steps = converge_steps
# Set ik limits and override internal min / max
self.ik_pos_limit = ik_pos_limit
self.ik_ori_limit = ik_ori_limit
# Target pos and ori
self.ik_robot_target_pos = None
self.ik_robot_target_orn = None # note: this currently isn't being used at all
# Commanded pos and resulting commanded vel
self.commanded_joint_positions = None
self.commanded_joint_velocities = None
# Should be in (0, 1], smaller values mean less sensitivity.
self.user_sensitivity = 0.3
# Setup inverse kinematics
self.setup_inverse_kinematics(load_urdf)
# Lastly, sync pybullet state to mujoco state
self.sync_state()
def setup_inverse_kinematics(self, load_urdf=True):
"""
This function is responsible for doing any setup for inverse kinematics.
Inverse Kinematics maps end effector (EEF) poses to joint angles that are necessary to achieve those poses.
Args:
load_urdf (bool): specifies whether the robot urdf should be loaded into the sim. Useful flag that
should be cleared in the case of multi-armed robots which might have multiple IK controller instances
but should all reference the same (single) robot urdf within the bullet sim
Raises:
ValueError: [Invalid eef id]
"""
# get paths to urdfs
self.robot_urdf = pjoin(
os.path.join(robosuite.models.assets_root, "bullet_data"),
"{}_description/urdf/{}_arm.urdf".format(self.robot_name.lower(), self.robot_name.lower()),
)
# import reference to the global pybullet server and load the urdfs
from robosuite.controllers import get_pybullet_server
if load_urdf:
self.ik_robot = p.loadURDF(fileName=self.robot_urdf, useFixedBase=1, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id)
# Add this to the pybullet server
get_pybullet_server().bodies[self.ik_robot] = self.robot_name
else:
# We'll simply assume the most recent robot (robot with highest pybullet id) is the relevant robot and
# mark this controller as belonging to that robot body
self.ik_robot = max(get_pybullet_server().bodies)
# load the number of joints from the bullet data
self.num_bullet_joints = p.getNumJoints(self.ik_robot, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id)
# Disable collisions between all the joints
for joint in range(self.num_bullet_joints):
p.setCollisionFilterGroupMask(
bodyUniqueId=self.ik_robot,
linkIndexA=joint,
collisionFilterGroup=0,
collisionFilterMask=0,
physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id,
)
# TODO: Very ugly initialization - any way to automate this? Maybe move the hardcoded magic numbers to the robot model files?
# TODO: Rotations for non-default grippers are not all supported -- e.g.: Robotiq140 Gripper whose coordinate frame
# is fully flipped about its x axis -- resulting in mirrored rotational behavior when trying to execute IK control
# For now, hard code baxter bullet eef idx
if self.robot_name == "Baxter":
if "right" in self.eef_name:
self.bullet_ee_idx = 27
self.bullet_joint_indexes = [13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20]
self.ik_command_indexes = np.arange(1, self.joint_dim + 1)
elif "left" in self.eef_name:
self.bullet_ee_idx = 45
self.bullet_joint_indexes = [31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38]
self.ik_command_indexes = np.arange(self.joint_dim + 1, self.joint_dim * 2 + 1)
else:
# Error with inputted id
raise ValueError("Error loading ik controller for Baxter -- arm id's must contain 'right' or 'left'!")
else:
# Default assumes pybullet has same number of joints compared to mujoco sim
self.bullet_ee_idx = self.num_bullet_joints - 1
self.bullet_joint_indexes = np.arange(self.joint_dim)
self.ik_command_indexes = np.arange(self.joint_dim)
# Set rotation offsets (for mujoco eef -> pybullet eef) and rest poses
self.rest_poses = list(self.initial_joint)
eef_offset = np.eye(4)
eef_offset[:3, :3] = T.quat2mat(T.quat_inverse(self.eef_rot_offset))
self.rotation_offset = eef_offset
# Simulation will update as fast as it can in real time, instead of waiting for
# step commands like in the non-realtime case.
p.setRealTimeSimulation(1, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id)
def sync_state(self):
"""
Syncs the internal Pybullet robot state to the joint positions of the
robot being controlled.
"""
# update model (force update)
self.update(force=True)
# sync IK robot state to the current robot joint positions
self.sync_ik_robot()
# make sure target pose is up to date
self.ik_robot_target_pos, self.ik_robot_target_orn = self.ik_robot_eef_joint_cartesian_pose()
# Store initial offset for mapping pose between mujoco and pybullet (pose_pybullet = offset + pose_mujoco)
self.ik_robot_target_pos_offset = self.ik_robot_target_pos - self.ee_pos
def sync_ik_robot(self, joint_positions=None, simulate=False, sync_last=True):
"""
Force the internal robot model to match the provided joint angles.
Args:
joint_positions (Iterable): Array of joint positions. Default automatically updates to
current mujoco joint pos state
simulate (bool): If True, actually use physics simulation, else
write to physics state directly.
sync_last (bool): If False, don't sync the last joint angle. This
is useful for directly controlling the roll at the end effector.
"""
if not joint_positions:
joint_positions = self.joint_pos
num_joints = self.joint_dim
if not sync_last and self.robot_name != "Baxter":
num_joints -= 1
for i in range(num_joints):
if simulate:
p.setJointMotorControl2(
bodyUniqueId=self.ik_robot,
jointIndex=self.bullet_joint_indexes[i],
controlMode=p.POSITION_CONTROL,
targetVelocity=0,
targetPosition=joint_positions[i],
force=500,
positionGain=0.5,
velocityGain=1.0,
physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id,
)
else:
p.resetJointState(
bodyUniqueId=self.ik_robot,
jointIndex=self.bullet_joint_indexes[i],
targetValue=joint_positions[i],
targetVelocity=0,
physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id,
)
def ik_robot_eef_joint_cartesian_pose(self):
"""
Calculates the current cartesian pose of the last joint of the ik robot with respect to the base frame as
a (pos, orn) tuple where orn is a x-y-z-w quaternion
Returns:
2-tuple:
- (np.array) position
- (np.array) orientation
"""
eef_pos_in_world = np.array(
p.getLinkState(self.ik_robot, self.bullet_ee_idx, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id)[0]
)
eef_orn_in_world = np.array(
p.getLinkState(self.ik_robot, self.bullet_ee_idx, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id)[1]
)
eef_pose_in_world = T.pose2mat((eef_pos_in_world, eef_orn_in_world))
base_pos_in_world = np.array(
p.getBasePositionAndOrientation(self.ik_robot, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id)[0]
)
base_orn_in_world = np.array(
p.getBasePositionAndOrientation(self.ik_robot, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id)[1]
)
base_pose_in_world = T.pose2mat((base_pos_in_world, base_orn_in_world))
world_pose_in_base = T.pose_inv(base_pose_in_world)
# Update reference to inverse orientation offset from pybullet base frame to world frame
self.base_orn_offset_inv = T.quat2mat(T.quat_inverse(base_orn_in_world))
# Update reference target orientation
self.reference_target_orn = T.quat_multiply(self.reference_target_orn, base_orn_in_world)
eef_pose_in_base = T.pose_in_A_to_pose_in_B(pose_A=eef_pose_in_world, pose_A_in_B=world_pose_in_base)
return T.mat2pose(eef_pose_in_base)
def get_control(self, dpos=None, rotation=None, update_targets=False):
"""
Returns joint velocities to control the robot after the target end effector
position and orientation are updated from arguments @dpos and @rotation.
If no arguments are provided, joint velocities will be computed based
on the previously recorded target.
Args:
dpos (np.array): a 3 dimensional array corresponding to the desired
change in x, y, and z end effector position.
rotation (np.array): a rotation matrix of shape (3, 3) corresponding
to the desired rotation from the current orientation of the end effector.
update_targets (bool): whether to update ik target pos / ori attributes or not
Returns:
np.array: a flat array of joint velocity commands to apply to try and achieve the desired input control.
"""
# Sync joint positions for IK.
self.sync_ik_robot()
# Compute new target joint positions if arguments are provided
if (dpos is not None) and (rotation is not None):
self.commanded_joint_positions = np.array(
self.joint_positions_for_eef_command(dpos, rotation, update_targets)
)
# P controller from joint positions (from IK) to velocities
velocities = np.zeros(self.joint_dim)
deltas = self._get_current_error(self.joint_pos, self.commanded_joint_positions)
for i, delta in enumerate(deltas):
velocities[i] = -10.0 * delta
self.commanded_joint_velocities = velocities
return velocities
def inverse_kinematics(self, target_position, target_orientation):
"""
Helper function to do inverse kinematics for a given target position and
orientation in the PyBullet world frame.
Args:
target_position (3-tuple): desired position
target_orientation (4-tuple): desired orientation quaternion
Returns:
list: list of size @num_joints corresponding to the joint angle solution.
"""
ik_solution = list(
p.calculateInverseKinematics(
bodyUniqueId=self.ik_robot,
endEffectorLinkIndex=self.bullet_ee_idx,
targetPosition=target_position,
targetOrientation=target_orientation,
lowerLimits=list(self.sim.model.jnt_range[self.joint_index, 0]),
upperLimits=list(self.sim.model.jnt_range[self.joint_index, 1]),
jointRanges=list(
self.sim.model.jnt_range[self.joint_index, 1] - self.sim.model.jnt_range[self.joint_index, 0]
),
restPoses=self.rest_poses,
jointDamping=[0.1] * self.num_bullet_joints,
physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id,
)
)
return list(np.array(ik_solution)[self.ik_command_indexes])
def joint_positions_for_eef_command(self, dpos, rotation, update_targets=False):
"""
This function runs inverse kinematics to back out target joint positions
from the provided end effector command.
Args:
dpos (np.array): a 3 dimensional array corresponding to the desired
change in x, y, and z end effector position.
rotation (np.array): a rotation matrix of shape (3, 3) corresponding
to the desired rotation from the current orientation of the end effector.
update_targets (bool): whether to update ik target pos / ori attributes or not
Returns:
list: A list of size @num_joints corresponding to the target joint angles.
"""
# Calculate the rotation
# This equals: inv base offset * eef * offset accounting for deviation between mujoco eef and pybullet eef
rotation = self.base_orn_offset_inv @ self.ee_ori_mat @ rotation @ self.rotation_offset[:3, :3]
# Determine targets based on whether we're using interpolator(s) or not
if self.interpolator_pos or self.interpolator_ori:
targets = (self.ee_pos + dpos + self.ik_robot_target_pos_offset, T.mat2quat(rotation))
else:
targets = (self.ik_robot_target_pos + dpos, T.mat2quat(rotation))
# convert from target pose in base frame to target pose in bullet world frame
world_targets = self.bullet_base_pose_to_world_pose(targets)
# Update targets if required
if update_targets:
# Scale and increment target position
self.ik_robot_target_pos += dpos
# Convert the desired rotation into the target orientation quaternion
self.ik_robot_target_orn = T.mat2quat(rotation)
# Converge to IK solution
arm_joint_pos = None
for bullet_i in range(self.converge_steps):
arm_joint_pos = self.inverse_kinematics(world_targets[0], world_targets[1])
self.sync_ik_robot(arm_joint_pos, sync_last=True)
return arm_joint_pos
def bullet_base_pose_to_world_pose(self, pose_in_base):
"""
Convert a pose in the base frame to a pose in the world frame.
Args:
pose_in_base (2-tuple): a (pos, orn) tuple.
Returns:
2-tuple: a (pos, orn) tuple reflecting robot pose in world coordinates
"""
pose_in_base = T.pose2mat(pose_in_base)
base_pos_in_world, base_orn_in_world = p.getBasePositionAndOrientation(
self.ik_robot, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id
)
base_pos_in_world, base_orn_in_world = np.array(base_pos_in_world), np.array(base_orn_in_world)
base_pose_in_world = T.pose2mat((base_pos_in_world, base_orn_in_world))
pose_in_world = T.pose_in_A_to_pose_in_B(pose_A=pose_in_base, pose_A_in_B=base_pose_in_world)
return T.mat2pose(pose_in_world)
def set_goal(self, delta, set_ik=None):
"""
Sets the internal goal state of this controller based on @delta
Note that this controller wraps a VelocityController, and so determines the desired velocities
to achieve the inputted pose, and sets its internal setpoint in terms of joint velocities
TODO: Add feature so that using @set_ik automatically sets the target values to these absolute values
Args:
delta (Iterable): Desired relative position / orientation goal state
set_ik (Iterable): If set, overrides @delta and sets the desired global position / orientation goal state
"""
# Update state
self.update()
# Get requested delta inputs if we're using interpolators
(dpos, dquat) = self._clip_ik_input(delta[:3], delta[3:7])
# Set interpolated goals if necessary
if self.interpolator_pos is not None:
# Absolute position goal
self.interpolator_pos.set_goal(dpos * self.user_sensitivity + self.reference_target_pos)
if self.interpolator_ori is not None:
# Relative orientation goal
self.interpolator_ori.set_goal(dquat) # goal is the relative change in orientation
self.ori_ref = np.array(self.ee_ori_mat) # reference is the current orientation at start
self.relative_ori = np.zeros(3) # relative orientation always starts at 0
# Run ik prepropressing to convert pos, quat ori to desired velocities
requested_control = self._make_input(delta, self.reference_target_orn)
# Compute desired velocities to achieve eef pos / ori
velocities = self.get_control(**requested_control, update_targets=True)
# Set the goal velocities for the underlying velocity controller
super().set_goal(velocities)
def run_controller(self):
"""
Calculates the torques required to reach the desired setpoint
Returns:
np.array: Command torques
"""
# Update state
self.update()
# Update interpolated action if necessary
desired_pos = None
rotation = None
update_velocity_goal = False
# Update interpolated goals if active
if self.interpolator_pos is not None:
# Linear case
if self.interpolator_pos.order == 1:
desired_pos = self.interpolator_pos.get_interpolated_goal()
else:
# Nonlinear case not currently supported
pass
update_velocity_goal = True
else:
desired_pos = self.reference_target_pos
if self.interpolator_ori is not None:
# Linear case
if self.interpolator_ori.order == 1:
# relative orientation based on difference between current ori and ref
self.relative_ori = orientation_error(self.ee_ori_mat, self.ori_ref)
ori_error = self.interpolator_ori.get_interpolated_goal()
rotation = T.quat2mat(ori_error)
else:
# Nonlinear case not currently supported
pass
update_velocity_goal = True
else:
rotation = T.quat2mat(self.reference_target_orn)
# Only update the velocity goals if we're interpolating
if update_velocity_goal:
velocities = self.get_control(dpos=(desired_pos - self.ee_pos), rotation=rotation)
super().set_goal(velocities)
# Run controller with given action
return super().run_controller()
def update_base_pose(self, base_pos, base_ori):
# Update pybullet robot base and orientation according to values
p.resetBasePositionAndOrientation(
bodyUniqueId=self.ik_robot, posObj=base_pos, ornObj=base_ori, physicsClientId=self.bullet_server_id
)
# Re-sync pybullet state
self.sync_state()
def update_initial_joints(self, initial_joints):
# First, update from the superclass method
super().update_initial_joints(initial_joints)
# Then, update the rest pose from the initial joints
self.rest_poses = list(self.initial_joint)
def reset_goal(self):
"""
Resets the goal to the current pose of the robot
"""
self.reference_target_pos = self.ee_pos
self.reference_target_orn = T.mat2quat(self.ee_ori_mat)
# Sync pybullet state as well
self.sync_state()
def _clip_ik_input(self, dpos, rotation):
"""
Helper function that clips desired ik input deltas into a valid range.
Args:
dpos (np.array): a 3 dimensional array corresponding to the desired
change in x, y, and z end effector position.
rotation (np.array): relative rotation in scaled axis angle form (ax, ay, az)
corresponding to the (relative) desired orientation of the end effector.
Returns:
2-tuple:
- (np.array) clipped dpos
- (np.array) clipped rotation
"""
# scale input range to desired magnitude
if dpos.any():
dpos, _ = T.clip_translation(dpos, self.ik_pos_limit)
# Map input to quaternion
rotation = T.axisangle2quat(rotation)
# Clip orientation to desired magnitude
rotation, _ = T.clip_rotation(rotation, self.ik_ori_limit)
return dpos, rotation
def _make_input(self, action, old_quat):
"""
Helper function that returns a dictionary with keys dpos, rotation from a raw input
array. The first three elements are taken to be displacement in position, and a
quaternion indicating the change in rotation with respect to @old_quat. Additionally clips @action as well
Args:
action (np.array) should have form: [dx, dy, dz, ax, ay, az] (orientation in
scaled axis-angle form)
old_quat (np.array) the old target quaternion that will be updated with the relative change in @action
"""
# Clip action appropriately
dpos, rotation = self._clip_ik_input(action[:3], action[3:])
# Update reference targets
self.reference_target_pos += dpos * self.user_sensitivity
self.reference_target_orn = T.quat_multiply(old_quat, rotation)
return {"dpos": dpos * self.user_sensitivity, "rotation": T.quat2mat(rotation)}
@staticmethod
def _get_current_error(current, set_point):
"""
Returns an array of differences between the desired joint positions and current
joint positions. Useful for PID control.
Args:
current (np.array): the current joint positions
set_point (np.array): the joint positions that are desired as a numpy array
Returns:
np.array: the current error in the joint positions
"""
error = current - set_point
return error
@property
def control_limits(self):
"""
The limits over this controller's action space, as specified by self.ik_pos_limit and self.ik_ori_limit
and overriding the superclass method
Returns:
2-tuple:
- (np.array) minimum control values
- (np.array) maximum control values
"""
max_limit = np.concatenate([self.ik_pos_limit * np.ones(3), self.ik_ori_limit * np.ones(3)])
return -max_limit, max_limit
@property
def name(self):
return "IK_POSE"
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