README.md

---
title: DeerFlow GPT-5.1
emoji: "🦌"
colorFrom: green
colorTo: blue
sdk: docker
app_port: 7860
pinned: false
---

# 🦌 DeerFlow - 2.0

<a href="https://trendshift.io/repositories/14699" target="_blank"><img src="https://trendshift.io/api/badge/repositories/14699" alt="bytedance%2Fdeer-flow | Trendshift" style="width: 250px; height: 55px;" width="250" height="55"/></a>
> On February 28th, 2026, DeerFlow claimed the 🏆 #1 spot on GitHub Trending following the launch of version 2. Thanks a million to our incredible community — you made this happen! 💪🔥

DeerFlow (**D**eep **E**xploration and **E**fficient **R**esearch **Flow**) is an open-source **super agent harness** that orchestrates **sub-agents**, **memory**, and **sandboxes** to do almost anything — powered by **extensible skills**.

https://github.com/user-attachments/assets/a8bcadc4-e040-4cf2-8fda-dd768b999c18

> [!NOTE]
> **DeerFlow 2.0 is a ground-up rewrite.** It shares no code with v1. If you're looking for the original Deep Research framework, it's maintained on the [`1.x` branch](https://github.com/bytedance/deer-flow/tree/main-1.x) — contributions there are still welcome. Active development has moved to 2.0.

## Official Website

Learn more and see **real demos** on our official website.

**[deerflow.tech](https://deerflow.tech/)**

---

## Table of Contents

- [🦌 DeerFlow - 2.0](#-deerflow---20)
  - [Offiical Website](#offiical-website)
  - [Table of Contents](#table-of-contents)
  - [Quick Start](#quick-start)
    - [Configuration](#configuration)
    - [Running the Application](#running-the-application)
      - [Option 1: Docker (Recommended)](#option-1-docker-recommended)
      - [Option 2: Local Development](#option-2-local-development)
    - [Advanced](#advanced)
      - [Sandbox Mode](#sandbox-mode)
      - [MCP Server](#mcp-server)
  - [From Deep Research to Super Agent Harness](#from-deep-research-to-super-agent-harness)
  - [Core Features](#core-features)
    - [Skills \& Tools](#skills--tools)
    - [Sub-Agents](#sub-agents)
    - [Sandbox \& File System](#sandbox--file-system)
    - [Context Engineering](#context-engineering)
    - [Long-Term Memory](#long-term-memory)
  - [Recommended Models](#recommended-models)
  - [Documentation](#documentation)
  - [Contributing](#contributing)
  - [License](#license)
  - [Acknowledgments](#acknowledgments)
    - [Key Contributors](#key-contributors)
  - [Star History](#star-history)

## Quick Start

### Configuration

1. **Clone the DeerFlow repository**

   ```bash
   git clone https://github.com/bytedance/deer-flow.git
   cd deer-flow
   ```

2. **Generate local configuration files**

   From the project root directory (`deer-flow/`), run:

   ```bash
   make config
   ```

   This command creates local configuration files based on the provided example templates.

3. **Configure your preferred model(s)**

   Edit `config.yaml` and define at least one model:

   ```yaml
   models:
     - name: gpt-4                       # Internal identifier
       display_name: GPT-4               # Human-readable name
       use: langchain_openai:ChatOpenAI  # LangChain class path
       model: gpt-4                      # Model identifier for API
       api_key: $OPENAI_API_KEY          # API key (recommended: use env var)
       max_tokens: 4096                  # Maximum tokens per request
       temperature: 0.7                  # Sampling temperature
   ```

  
4. **Set API keys for your configured model(s)**

   Choose one of the following methods:

- Option A: Edit the `.env` file in the project root (Recommended)


   ```bash
   # Optional but recommended: improves web_search quality
   TAVILY_API_KEY=your-tavily-api-key
   OPENAI_API_KEY=your-openai-api-key
   # Add other provider keys as needed
   ```

- Option B: Export environment variables in your shell

   ```bash
   export OPENAI_API_KEY=your-openai-api-key
   ```

- Option C: Edit `config.yaml` directly (Not recommended for production)

   ```yaml
   models:
     - name: gpt-4
       api_key: your-actual-api-key-here  # Replace placeholder
   ```

### Running the Application

#### Option 1: Docker (Recommended)

The fastest way to get started with a consistent environment:

1. **Initialize and start**:
   ```bash
   make docker-init    # Pull sandbox image (Only once or when image updates)
   make docker-start   # Start services (auto-detects sandbox mode from config.yaml)
   ```

   `make docker-start` now starts `provisioner` only when `config.yaml` uses provisioner mode (`sandbox.use: src.community.aio_sandbox:AioSandboxProvider` with `provisioner_url`).

2. **Access**: http://localhost:2026

See [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for detailed Docker development guide.

#### Option 2: Local Development

If you prefer running services locally:

1. **Check prerequisites**:
   ```bash
   make check  # Verifies Node.js 22+, pnpm, uv, nginx
   ```

2. **(Optional) Pre-pull sandbox image**:
   ```bash
   # Recommended if using Docker/Container-based sandbox
   make setup-sandbox
   ```

3. **Start services**:
   ```bash
   make dev
   ```

4. **Access**: http://localhost:2026

### Advanced
#### Sandbox Mode

DeerFlow supports multiple sandbox execution modes:
- **Local Execution** (runs sandbox code directly on the host machine)
- **Docker Execution** (runs sandbox code in isolated Docker containers)
- **Docker Execution with Kubernetes** (runs sandbox code in Kubernetes pods via provisioner service)

For Docker development, service startup follows `config.yaml` sandbox mode. In Local/Docker modes, `provisioner` is not started.

See the [Sandbox Configuration Guide](backend/docs/CONFIGURATION.md#sandbox) to configure your preferred mode.

#### MCP Server

DeerFlow supports configurable MCP servers and skills to extend its capabilities.
For HTTP/SSE MCP servers, OAuth token flows are supported (`client_credentials`, `refresh_token`).
See the [MCP Server Guide](backend/docs/MCP_SERVER.md) for detailed instructions.
For dynamic websites, DeerFlow also supports the `agent_browser` tool (based on `vercel-labs/agent-browser` CLI).

#### Agent Browser (vercel-labs/agent-browser)

- Tool name: `agent_browser`
- Default behavior: use installed `agent-browser`; fallback to `npx -y agent-browser@latest`
- Recommended one-time setup:
  ```bash
  npm i -g agent-browser
  agent-browser install
  # Linux servers may need:
  # agent-browser install --with-deps
  ```

#### Persistent Storage (Space / External DB)

By default, local `langgraph dev` state is in-memory and will be lost after restart.

This Space startup now supports persistent state with:
- `DEER_FLOW_HOME` (defaults to `/data/deer-flow`): stores thread files, artifacts, and memory
- `DEER_FLOW_EXTENSIONS_CONFIG_PATH`: stores MCP/skills enable-state JSON
- LangGraph checkpointer:
  - `LANGGRAPH_CHECKPOINT_POSTGRES_URI` (recommended external DB, PostgreSQL)
  - fallback: `LANGGRAPH_CHECKPOINT_SQLITE_PATH` (SQLite file, defaults to `${DEER_FLOW_HOME}/checkpoints.sqlite`)

If you enable HF persistent storage, `/data` survives restarts, so memory/skills/thread artifacts and SQLite checkpoints persist.

## From Deep Research to Super Agent Harness

DeerFlow started as a Deep Research framework — and the community ran with it. Since launch, developers have pushed it far beyond research: building data pipelines, generating slide decks, spinning up dashboards, automating content workflows. Things we never anticipated.

That told us something important: DeerFlow wasn't just a research tool. It was a **harness** — a runtime that gives agents the infrastructure to actually get work done.

So we rebuilt it from scratch.

DeerFlow 2.0 is no longer a framework you wire together. It's a super agent harness — batteries included, fully extensible. Built on LangGraph and LangChain, it ships with everything an agent needs out of the box: a filesystem, memory, skills, sandboxed execution, and the ability to plan and spawn sub-agents for complex, multi-step tasks.

Use it as-is. Or tear it apart and make it yours.

## Core Features

### Skills & Tools

Skills are what make DeerFlow do *almost anything*.

A standard Agent Skill is a structured capability module — a Markdown file that defines a workflow, best practices, and references to supporting resources. DeerFlow ships with built-in skills for research, report generation, slide creation, web pages, image and video generation, and more. But the real power is extensibility: add your own skills, replace the built-in ones, or combine them into compound workflows.

Skills are loaded progressively — only when the task needs them, not all at once. This keeps the context window lean and makes DeerFlow work well even with token-sensitive models.

Tools follow the same philosophy. DeerFlow comes with a core toolset — web search, web fetch, file operations, bash execution — and supports custom tools via MCP servers and Python functions. Swap anything. Add anything.

```
# Paths inside the sandbox container
/mnt/skills/public
├── research/SKILL.md
├── report-generation/SKILL.md
├── slide-creation/SKILL.md
├── web-page/SKILL.md
└── image-generation/SKILL.md

/mnt/skills/custom
└── your-custom-skill/SKILL.md      ← yours
```

### Sub-Agents

Complex tasks rarely fit in a single pass. DeerFlow decomposes them.

The lead agent can spawn sub-agents on the fly — each with its own scoped context, tools, and termination conditions. Sub-agents run in parallel when possible, report back structured results, and the lead agent synthesizes everything into a coherent output.

This is how DeerFlow handles tasks that take minutes to hours: a research task might fan out into a dozen sub-agents, each exploring a different angle, then converge into a single report — or a website — or a slide deck with generated visuals. One harness, many hands.

### Sandbox & File System

DeerFlow doesn't just *talk* about doing things. It has its own computer.

Each task runs inside an isolated Docker container with a full filesystem — skills, workspace, uploads, outputs. The agent reads, writes, and edits files. It executes bash commands and codes. It views images. All sandboxed, all auditable, zero contamination between sessions.

This is the difference between a chatbot with tool access and an agent with an actual execution environment.

```
# Paths inside the sandbox container
/mnt/user-data/
├── uploads/          ← your files
├── workspace/        ← agents' working directory
└── outputs/          ← final deliverables
```

### Context Engineering

**Isolated Sub-Agent Context**: Each sub-agent runs in its own isolated context. This means that the sub-agent will not be able to see the context of the main agent or other sub-agents. This is important to ensure that the sub-agent is able to focus on the task at hand and not be distracted by the context of the main agent or other sub-agents.

**Summarization**: Within a session, DeerFlow manages context aggressively — summarizing completed sub-tasks, offloading intermediate results to the filesystem, compressing what's no longer immediately relevant. This lets it stay sharp across long, multi-step tasks without blowing the context window.

### Long-Term Memory

Most agents forget everything the moment a conversation ends. DeerFlow remembers.

Across sessions, DeerFlow builds a persistent memory of your profile, preferences, and accumulated knowledge. The more you use it, the better it knows you — your writing style, your technical stack, your recurring workflows. Memory is stored locally and stays under your control.

## Recommended Models

DeerFlow is model-agnostic — it works with any LLM that implements the OpenAI-compatible API. That said, it performs best with models that support:

- **Long context windows** (100k+ tokens) for deep research and multi-step tasks
- **Reasoning capabilities** for adaptive planning and complex decomposition
- **Multimodal inputs** for image understanding and video comprehension
- **Strong tool-use** for reliable function calling and structured outputs

## Embedded Python Client

DeerFlow can be used as an embedded Python library without running the full HTTP services. The `DeerFlowClient` provides direct in-process access to all agent and Gateway capabilities, returning the same response schemas as the HTTP Gateway API:

```python
from src.client import DeerFlowClient

client = DeerFlowClient()

# Chat
response = client.chat("Analyze this paper for me", thread_id="my-thread")

# Streaming (LangGraph SSE protocol: values, messages-tuple, end)
for event in client.stream("hello"):
    if event.type == "messages-tuple" and event.data.get("type") == "ai":
        print(event.data["content"])

# Configuration & management — returns Gateway-aligned dicts
models = client.list_models()        # {"models": [...]}
skills = client.list_skills()        # {"skills": [...]}
client.update_skill("web-search", enabled=True)
client.upload_files("thread-1", ["./report.pdf"])  # {"success": True, "files": [...]}
```

All dict-returning methods are validated against Gateway Pydantic response models in CI (`TestGatewayConformance`), ensuring the embedded client stays in sync with the HTTP API schemas. See `backend/src/client.py` for full API documentation.

## Documentation

- [Contributing Guide](CONTRIBUTING.md) - Development environment setup and workflow
- [Configuration Guide](backend/docs/CONFIGURATION.md) - Setup and configuration instructions
- [Architecture Overview](backend/CLAUDE.md) - Technical architecture details
- [Backend Architecture](backend/README.md) - Backend architecture and API reference

## Contributing

We welcome contributions! Please see [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) for development setup, workflow, and guidelines.

Regression coverage includes Docker sandbox mode detection and provisioner kubeconfig-path handling tests in `backend/tests/`.

## License

This project is open source and available under the [MIT License](./LICENSE).

## Acknowledgments

DeerFlow is built upon the incredible work of the open-source community. We are deeply grateful to all the projects and contributors whose efforts have made DeerFlow possible. Truly, we stand on the shoulders of giants.

We would like to extend our sincere appreciation to the following projects for their invaluable contributions:

- **[LangChain](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain)**: Their exceptional framework powers our LLM interactions and chains, enabling seamless integration and functionality.
- **[LangGraph](https://github.com/langchain-ai/langgraph)**: Their innovative approach to multi-agent orchestration has been instrumental in enabling DeerFlow's sophisticated workflows.

These projects exemplify the transformative power of open-source collaboration, and we are proud to build upon their foundations.

### Key Contributors

A heartfelt thank you goes out to the core authors of `DeerFlow`, whose vision, passion, and dedication have brought this project to life:

- **[Daniel Walnut](https://github.com/hetaoBackend/)**
- **[Henry Li](https://github.com/magiccube/)**

Your unwavering commitment and expertise have been the driving force behind DeerFlow's success. We are honored to have you at the helm of this journey.

## Star History

[![Star History Chart](https://api.star-history.com/svg?repos=bytedance/deer-flow&type=Date)](https://star-history.com/#bytedance/deer-flow&Date)