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Unified Web Search Service
Supports multiple search providers:
- Tavily (AI-optimized, RAG-ready)
- Serper (Google search)
- Brave Search (Privacy-focused)
- You.com (AI-ready)
"""
import aiohttp
import asyncio
import time
from typing import List, Dict, Optional, Literal
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from dataclasses import dataclass
from enum import Enum
import json
from app.config import settings
class SearchProvider(Enum):
TAVILY = "tavily"
SERPER = "serper"
BRAVE = "brave"
YOUCOM = "youcom"
@dataclass
class SearchResult:
title: str
url: str
snippet: str
score: float = 0.8
provider: str = "unknown"
@dataclass
class SearchConfig:
provider: SearchProvider
api_key: str
max_results: int = 5
timeout: int = 15
retry_attempts: int = 3
retry_delay: float = 2.0
cache_ttl: int = 300 # 5 minutes
class BaseSearchProvider(ABC):
"""Abstract base class for search providers"""
def __init__(self, config: SearchConfig):
self.config = config
self._cache: Dict[str, tuple] = {}
@abstractmethod
async def search(self, query: str) -> List[SearchResult]:
pass
@abstractmethod
def _format_results(self, raw_data) -> List[SearchResult]:
pass
def _get_cache(self, query: str) -> Optional[List[SearchResult]]:
if query in self._cache:
data, timestamp = self._cache[query]
if time.time() - timestamp < self.config.cache_ttl:
return data
del self._cache[query]
return None
def _set_cache(self, query: str, results: List[SearchResult]):
self._cache[query] = (results, time.time())
# Clean old cache entries
if len(self._cache) > 100:
oldest = sorted(self._cache.keys(), key=lambda k: self._cache[k][1])[:10]
for k in oldest:
del self._cache[k]
async def _make_request(
self, url: str, params: Dict = None, headers: Dict = None, method: str = "GET"
) -> Dict:
"""Make HTTP request with retry logic"""
for attempt in range(self.config.retry_attempts):
try:
timeout = aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=self.config.timeout)
async with aiohttp.ClientSession(timeout=timeout) as session:
if method == "GET":
async with session.get(
url, params=params, headers=headers
) as response:
if response.status == 429:
await asyncio.sleep(
self.config.retry_delay * (attempt + 1)
)
continue
if response.status != 200:
return {}
return await response.json()
else:
async with session.post(
url, json=params, headers=headers
) as response:
if response.status == 429:
await asyncio.sleep(
self.config.retry_delay * (attempt + 1)
)
continue
if response.status != 200:
return {}
return await response.json()
except Exception as e:
if attempt < self.config.retry_attempts - 1:
await asyncio.sleep(self.config.retry_delay)
continue
return {}
class TavilySearchProvider(BaseSearchProvider):
"""Tavily AI Search - Optimized for RAG and AI applications"""
def __init__(self, api_key: str, max_results: int = 5):
config = SearchConfig(
provider=SearchProvider.TAVILY, api_key=api_key, max_results=max_results
)
super().__init__(config)
self.base_url = "https://api.tavily.com/search"
async def search(self, query: str) -> List[SearchResult]:
# Check cache first
cached = self._get_cache(query)
if cached:
return cached
payload = {
"api_key": self.config.api_key,
"query": query,
"search_depth": "advanced",
"max_results": self.config.max_results,
"include_answer": True,
"include_raw_content": False,
"include_images": False,
}
data = await self._make_request(self.base_url, params=payload, method="POST")
results = self._format_results(data)
self._set_cache(query, results)
return results
def _format_results(self, data: Dict) -> List[SearchResult]:
results = []
search_results = data.get("results", [])
for i, result in enumerate(search_results[: self.config.max_results]):
# Scale scores to be comparable with PDF cosine similarity (0.3-0.7)
# Tavily already provides relevance scores, so we scale them
tavily_score = result.get("score", 0.7)
scaled_score = 0.3 + (tavily_score * 0.4) # Maps 0-1 to 0.3-0.7
results.append(
SearchResult(
title=result.get("title", ""),
url=result.get("url", ""),
snippet=result.get("content", ""),
score=scaled_score - (i * 0.05),
provider="tavily",
)
)
return results
class SerperSearchProvider(BaseSearchProvider):
"""Serper.dev - Google Search API"""
def __init__(self, api_key: str, max_results: int = 5):
config = SearchConfig(
provider=SearchProvider.SERPER, api_key=api_key, max_results=max_results
)
super().__init__(config)
self.base_url = "https://serpapi.com/search"
async def search(self, query: str) -> List[SearchResult]:
cached = self._get_cache(query)
if cached:
return cached
params = {
"engine": "google",
"q": query,
"api_key": self.config.api_key,
"num": self.config.max_results,
}
data = await self._make_request(self.base_url, params=params)
results = self._format_results(data)
self._set_cache(query, results)
return results
def _format_results(self, data: Dict) -> List[SearchResult]:
results = []
organic_results = data.get("organic_results", [])
# Scale scores to be comparable with PDF cosine similarity (0.3-0.7)
for i, result in enumerate(organic_results[: self.config.max_results]):
base_score = 0.65 - (i * 0.05) # Start at 0.65, decrease by 0.05
results.append(
SearchResult(
title=result.get("title", ""),
url=result.get("link", ""),
snippet=result.get("snippet", ""),
score=base_score,
provider="serper",
)
)
return results
class BraveSearchProvider(BaseSearchProvider):
"""Brave Search API - Privacy-focused"""
def __init__(self, api_key: str, max_results: int = 5):
config = SearchConfig(
provider=SearchProvider.BRAVE, api_key=api_key, max_results=max_results
)
super().__init__(config)
self.base_url = "https://api.search.brave.com/res/v1/web/search"
async def search(self, query: str) -> List[SearchResult]:
cached = self._get_cache(query)
if cached:
return cached
headers = {
"Accept": "application/json",
"X-Subscription-Token": self.config.api_key,
}
params = {"q": query, "count": self.config.max_results}
data = await self._make_request(self.base_url, params=params, headers=headers)
results = self._format_results(data)
self._set_cache(query, results)
return results
def _format_results(self, data: Dict) -> List[SearchResult]:
results = []
web_results = data.get("web", {}).get("results", [])
# Scale scores to be comparable with PDF cosine similarity (0.3-0.7)
for i, result in enumerate(web_results[: self.config.max_results]):
base_score = 0.65 - (i * 0.05) # Start at 0.65, decrease by 0.05
results.append(
SearchResult(
title=result.get("title", ""),
url=result.get("url", ""),
snippet=result.get("description", ""),
score=base_score,
provider="brave",
)
)
return results
class YouComSearchProvider(BaseSearchProvider):
"""You.com - AI-Optimized Search"""
def __init__(self, api_key: str, max_results: int = 5):
config = SearchConfig(
provider=SearchProvider.YOUCOM, api_key=api_key, max_results=max_results
)
super().__init__(config)
self.base_url = "https://api.you.com/search"
async def search(self, query: str) -> List[SearchResult]:
cached = self._get_cache(query)
if cached:
return cached
headers = {"Authorization": f"Bearer {self.config.api_key}"}
params = {"query": query, "num": self.config.max_results}
data = await self._make_request(self.base_url, params=params, headers=headers)
results = self._format_results(data)
self._set_cache(query, results)
return results
def _format_results(self, data: Dict) -> List[SearchResult]:
results = []
search_results = data.get("results", [])
# Scale scores to be comparable with PDF cosine similarity (0.3-0.7)
for i, result in enumerate(search_results[: self.config.max_results]):
base_score = 0.65 - (i * 0.05) # Start at 0.65, decrease by 0.05
results.append(
SearchResult(
title=result.get("title", ""),
url=result.get("url", ""),
snippet=result.get("snippet", ""),
score=base_score,
provider="youcom",
)
)
return results
class WebSearchService:
"""
Unified web search service with provider selection
"""
def __init__(self):
# Default to Tavily (RAG-optimized)
self.default_provider = SearchProvider.TAVILY
self._providers: Dict[SearchProvider, BaseSearchProvider] = {}
self._initialize_providers()
def _initialize_providers(self):
"""Initialize available search providers"""
# Tavily (Recommended for RAG)
tavily_key = getattr(settings, "TAVILY_API_KEY", None) or getattr(
settings, "SERPER_API_KEY", None
)
if tavily_key:
self._providers[SearchProvider.TAVILY] = TavilySearchProvider(
tavily_key, max_results=5
)
# Serper
serper_key = settings.SERPER_API_KEY
if serper_key:
self._providers[SearchProvider.SERPER] = SerperSearchProvider(
serper_key, max_results=5
)
def set_provider(self, provider: SearchProvider):
"""Change the active search provider"""
if provider in self._providers:
self.default_provider = provider
async def search(
self,
query: str,
max_results: int = 5,
provider: Optional[SearchProvider] = None,
) -> List[Dict]:
"""
Search using specified or default provider
Args:
query: Search query
max_results: Maximum number of results
provider: Specific provider to use (optional)
Returns:
List of search results
"""
search_provider = provider or self.default_provider
if search_provider not in self._providers:
# Fallback to any available provider
if self._providers:
search_provider = list(self._providers.keys())[0]
else:
return []
provider = self._providers[search_provider]
results = await provider.search(query)
# Convert to dict format
return [
{
"title": r.title,
"url": r.url,
"snippet": r.snippet,
"score": r.score,
}
for r in results
]
def get_available_providers(self) -> List[str]:
"""Get list of available providers"""
return [p.value for p in self._providers.keys()]
def get_current_provider(self) -> str:
"""Get current provider"""
return self.default_provider.value
# Factory function to create service
def create_web_search_service(provider: str = "tavily") -> WebSearchService:
"""Create web search service with specified provider"""
service = WebSearchService()
provider_map = {
"tavily": SearchProvider.TAVILY,
"serper": SearchProvider.SERPER,
"brave": SearchProvider.BRAVE,
"youcom": SearchProvider.YOUCOM,
}
if provider.lower() in provider_map:
service.set_provider(provider_map[provider.lower()])
return service
# Default instance
web_search_service = WebSearchService()
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