---
license: other
license_name: nvidia-open-model-license
license_link: >-
  https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/agreements/enterprise-software/nvidia-open-model-license/
base_model: nvidia/Nemotron-Cascade-8B-Thinking
arxiv:
  - "2512.13607"
  - "2309.00071"
tags:
- quantum-cryptography
- qkd
- cryptography
- security
- quantum-computing
- fine-tuned
- kairos
- compliance
- nis2
- post-quantum
language:
- en
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
model-index:
- name: Kairos
  results:
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: QKD Code Generation
    metrics:
    - type: accuracy
      value: 92
      name: BB84/E91/B92 Implementation
  - task:
      type: text-generation
      name: QBER Analysis
    metrics:
    - type: accuracy
      value: 96
      name: Security Assessment
---

# Kairos — Open Source AI Quantum/Classical Cryptography Assistant

<p align="center">
  <img src="https://cdn-uploads.huggingface.co/production/uploads/67329d3f69fded92d56ab41a/KsodVATIm0ygq86rMB5dz.jpeg" width="100%" style="object-fit: cover; object-position: top; height: 250px;" alt="Kairos">
</p>

<p align="center">
  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Fine--tuned-LoRA%20r64-orange" alt="Fine-tuned">
  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Quantization-Q4%20%7C%20Q8%20%7C%20BF16-purple" alt="Quantization">
  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Hardware-IBM%20Heron%20r2-red" alt="Hardware">
</p>

<p align="center">
  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/License-NVIDIA_Open_Model-green" alt="License">
  <img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Base-Nemotron--Cascade--8B-blue" alt="Base Model">
</p>

<p align="center">
  <b>Enterprise-ready AI for quantum-safe cryptography and QKD protocols</b><br>
  <i>Built for NIS2, DORA, PCI-DSS, and post-quantum readiness</i>
</p>

---

## 🎯 Overview

**Kairos** is a specialized open-source AI assistant fine-tuned for quantum and classical cryptography tasks. Built on NVIDIA's Nemotron-Cascade-8B-Thinking, Kairos provides expert-level guidance on Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), cryptographic protocol analysis, and security compliance — enabling organizations to prepare for the post-quantum era.

### Why Kairos?

- 🔐 **Quantum-Ready**: Deep expertise in QKD protocols (BB84, E91, B92, MDI-QKD, TF-QKD)
- 🏢 **Enterprise-Grade**: Designed for compliance with NIS2, DORA, PCI-DSS, ISO 27001
- 🔓 **Open Source**: Fully open for customization, audit, and enterprise deployment
- 🧠 **Thinking Mode**: Chain-of-thought reasoning for complex security analysis
- ⚡ **Production-Ready**: Multiple quantization formats for any deployment scenario

---

## 🏛️ Compliance & Enterprise Use Cases

Kairos helps organizations meet cryptographic requirements across regulatory frameworks:

| Framework | How Kairos Helps |
|-----------|------------------|
| **NIS2** (EU) | Cryptographic risk assessment, quantum-safe migration planning |
| **DORA** (Financial) | ICT security testing, cryptographic resilience evaluation |
| **PCI-DSS 4.0** | Encryption implementation guidance, key management |
| **ISO 27001** | Cryptographic controls assessment, policy generation |
| **NIST PQC** | Post-quantum algorithm selection, migration roadmaps |
| **GDPR** | Data encryption strategies, pseudonymization |

### Enterprise Deployment Options


| Deployment | Description |
|------------|-------------|
| 🖥️ **On-Premise** | Air-gapped environments, full control |
| ☁️ **Private Cloud** | AWS, Azure, GCP with data sovereignty |
| 🔒 **Hybrid** | Edge inference + cloud orchestration |
| 📱 **Local** | Ollama, llama.cpp, vLLM |

---

## 🛠️ Capabilities

### Core Modules

| Module | Description | Example Tasks |
|--------|-------------|---------------|
| **QKD Code Generation** | Qiskit implementations of quantum protocols | BB84, E91, B92, MDI-QKD, TF-QKD, CV-QKD |
| **QBER Analysis** | Quantum Bit Error Rate security assessment | Threshold analysis, eavesdropping detection |
| **Attack Simulation** | Cryptographic attack modeling | Intercept-resend, PNS, detector blinding, Trojan horse |
| **Experiment Analysis** | IBM Quantum hardware result interpretation | Fidelity analysis, Bell test verification |
| **Protocol Review** | Security auditing of cryptographic protocols | Vulnerability assessment, compliance checking |
| **Vulnerability Search** | Weakness identification in implementations | Side-channel analysis, implementation flaws |

### Supported Protocols & Standards

**Quantum Cryptography:**
- BB84, E91, B92, Six-State Protocol
- MDI-QKD (Measurement-Device-Independent)
- TF-QKD (Twin-Field)
- CV-QKD (Continuous Variable)
- DI-QKD (Device-Independent)

**Classical Cryptography:**
- RSA, ECC, AES, ChaCha20
- TLS 1.3, X.509, PKCS standards
- Hash functions (SHA-2, SHA-3, BLAKE)

**Post-Quantum (NIST Standards):**
- ML-KEM (Kyber)
- ML-DSA (Dilithium)
- SLH-DSA (SPHINCS+)
- Hybrid schemes

---

## 📊 Benchmark Performance

### Domain-Specific Tasks (Target Capabilities)

| Task | Accuracy |
|------|----------|
| QKD Protocol Implementation (BB84/E91/B92) | 92% |
| QBER Security Assessment | 96% |
| Attack Detection & Analysis | 88% |
| IBM Quantum Result Interpretation | 91% |
| Compliance Guidance (NIS2/PCI-DSS) | 87% |
| Qiskit Code Generation | 94% |

### General Benchmarks

| Benchmark | Base Nemotron-Cascade-8B | Kairos |
|-----------|--------------------------|--------|
| LiveCodeBench V6 | 71.4% | 66.8% |
| SWE-bench Verified | 38.5% | 32.4% |
| MMLU Pro | 75.5% | 70.2% |
| AIME 25 | 81.4% | 76.7% |
| ArenaHard | 85.8% | 80.3% |
| IFEval | 83.7% | 81.5% |

> **Note**: General benchmark reduction reflects specialization trade-off. Kairos significantly outperforms base models on cryptographic tasks where they lack domain expertise.

---

## 🔬 IBM Quantum Hardware Validation

Kairos was trained on real quantum experimental data from **IBM Heron r2** processor.

### Hardware Configuration

| Parameter | Value |
|-----------|-------|
| **Backend** | ibm_fez |
| **Processor** | IBM Heron r2 |
| **Qubits** | 156 |
| **Median CZ Error** | ~0.3% |
| **Median T1** | ~170 μs |

### Experimental Results

| Experiment | Job ID | Result | QKD Significance |
|------------|--------|--------|------------------|
| BB84 Basis Statistics | `d57r147p3tbc73aqi44g`  | QBER ~1.3% | Excellent for secure key generation |
| Bell/CHSH Test | `d57r0ubht8fs73a33s9g`  | S = 2.475 | Quantum violation confirmed (S > 2) |
| Bell/CHSH Test | `d57r0h1smlfc739ivncg`  | S = 2.461 | E91 protocol viable |
| 5-Qubit GHZ State | `d57qv1jht8fs73a33qig` | Fidelity 86.6% | Multi-party QKD ready |
| GHZ Verification | `d57quspsmlfc739ivlu0`  | Fidelity 85.2% | Consistent results |
| Entanglement Test | `d57qucvp3tbc73aqi1ig`  | Verified | Quantum correlations confirmed |

### 🚀 Future Hardware: IBM Nighthawk

Kairos v2 will incorporate data from **IBM Nighthawk** processor (expected Q1 2026):

| Improvement | Heron r2 (Current) | Nighthawk (Planned) |
|-------------|-------------------|---------------------|
| Qubits | 156 | 120 |
| CZ Error Rate | ~0.3% | ~0.1% (3x improvement) |
| T1 Coherence | ~170 μs | ~300 μs |
| Expected QBER | ~1.3% | <0.5% |

Nighthawk's improved error rates will enable:
- Higher-fidelity QKD key generation
- More accurate attack threshold detection
- Extended multi-party protocols (10+ qubit GHZ states)

---

## 📦 Available Formats

| Format | File | Size | Use Case | Hardware |
|--------|------|------|----------|----------|
| **BF16** | `model.safetensors` | ~16 GB | Maximum quality | GPU 24GB+ |
| **Q8_0** | `kairos-q8_0.gguf` | ~8 GB | High quality | GPU 12GB+ / CPU |
| **Q4_K_M** | `kairos-q4_k_m.gguf` | ~4.5 GB | Fast inference | GPU 8GB+ / CPU / Edge |

---

## 🚀 Quick Start

### Ollama

```bash
# Download model
huggingface-cli download squ11z1/Kairos kairos-q4_k_m.gguf --local-dir .

# Create Modelfile
cat > Modelfile << 'EOF'
FROM ./kairos-q4_k_m.gguf
SYSTEM "You are Kairos, an AI Quantum/Classical Cryptography Assistant. You provide expert guidance on QKD protocols, cryptographic security, and compliance requirements."
PARAMETER temperature 0.7
PARAMETER num_ctx 4096
EOF

# Create and run
ollama create kairos -f Modelfile
ollama run kairos
```

### Python (Transformers)

```python
from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer
import torch

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    "squ11z1/Kairos",
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto"
)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("squ11z1/Kairos")

messages = [
    {
        "role": "system", 
        "content": "You are Kairos, an AI Quantum/Classical Cryptography Assistant."
    },
    {
        "role": "user", 
        "content": "Implement BB84 protocol in Qiskit with QBER calculation /think"
    }
]

prompt = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages, 
    tokenize=False, 
    add_generation_prompt=True
)
inputs = tokenizer(prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)

outputs = model.generate(
    **inputs,
    max_new_tokens=2048,
    temperature=0.7,
    do_sample=True
)
print(tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True))
```

### llama.cpp

```bash
./llama-cli -m kairos-q4_k_m.gguf \
  -p "Analyze QBER of 3.5% from BB84 experiment" \
  -n 1024 --temp 0.7
```

### vLLM (Production)

```python
from vllm import LLM, SamplingParams

llm = LLM(model="squ11z1/Kairos", dtype="bfloat16")
params = SamplingParams(temperature=0.7, max_tokens=2048)

output = llm.generate(["Explain E91 protocol security /think"], params)
print(output[0].outputs[0].text)
```

---

## 🧠 Thinking Mode

Kairos inherits Nemotron's thinking capability. Use `/think` to enable step-by-step reasoning:

```
User: Is QBER of 9.5% secure for BB84? /think

Kairos: <think>
1. BB84 security threshold analysis
2. Theoretical limit: 11% (unconditional security)
3. Practical threshold: ~8-10% (with finite-key effects)
4. Given QBER: 9.5%
5. Assessment: Marginal - within theoretical limit but approaching danger zone
6. Recommendation: Increase key length, verify channel stability
</think>

The QBER of 9.5% is **marginally secure** for BB84. While it remains below 
the theoretical 11% threshold, it's concerning because:

- Finite-key effects reduce practical security margins
- Environmental noise or eavesdropping cannot be distinguished at this level
- Recommended action: Monitor for stability, consider aborting if QBER increases

**Verdict**: Proceed with caution. Implement additional privacy amplification.
```

---

## 🔒 Security Considerations

### Responsible Use

Kairos is designed for **defensive security** purposes:

✅ **Intended Uses:**
- Cryptographic protocol education
- Security compliance assessment  
- QKD system development
- Vulnerability research (authorized)
- Post-quantum migration planning

❌ **Prohibited Uses:**
- Unauthorized system attacks
- Malware development
- Circumventing security controls
- Any illegal activities

### Model Limitations

- Specialized for cryptography; general knowledge may be reduced
- Code generation tested primarily with Qiskit
- Hardware analysis based on IBM Quantum backends
- Security advice should be verified by domain experts
- Not a replacement for professional security audits

---

## 🤝 Contributing

Kairos is open for community contributions:

```bash
# Areas for contribution:
# - Additional training data
# - New protocol implementations
# - Benchmark evaluations
# - Documentation improvements
# - Integration examples
```

---

## 📜 License

This model is released under the **NVIDIA Open Model License**, inherited from the base model [Nemotron-Cascade-8B-Thinking](https://huggingface.co/nvidia/Nemotron-Cascade-8B-Thinking).

- ✅ Commercial use allowed
- ✅ Modification allowed
- ✅ Distribution allowed
- ⚠️ Must include license notice

---

## 🙏 Acknowledgments

- **NVIDIA** — Nemotron-Cascade-8B-Thinking base model
- **IBM Quantum** — Hardware access (ibm_fez, Heron r2)
- **Anthropic Claude** — Synthetic dataset generation
- **Qiskit Community** — Quantum computing framework

---

## 📚 Citation

```bibtex
@misc{kairos2025,
  title={Kairos: Open Source AI Quantum/Classical Cryptography Assistant},
  author={squ11z1},
  year={2025},
  publisher={HuggingFace},
  url={https://huggingface.co/squ11z1/Kairos}
}
```

---

<p align="center">
  <b> Kairos — Securing the Cryptographic Future </b><br>
  <i>Open Source • Enterprise-Ready • Quantum-Safe</i>
</p>