---
license: mit
language:
  - en
library_name: pytorch
pipeline_tag: feature-extraction
tags:
  - biosignals
  - ecg
  - emg
  - eeg
  - embedding
  - mixture-of-experts
  - timm
  - pytorch
  - lightweight
thumbnail: docs/overview.png
pretty_name: Tiny-BioMoE
model-index:
  - name: Tiny-BioMoE
    results: []
---

# Tiny-BioMoE

a Lightweight Embedding Model for Biosignal Analysis

> **Tiny-BioMoE** · **7.34 M parameters** · **3.04 GFLOPs** · **192-D embeddings** · **PyTorch ≥ 2.0**

---

## Paper

[**Tiny-BioMoE: a Lightweight Embedding Model for Biosignal Analysis**](https://dl.acm.org/doi/full/10.1145/3747327.3764788)

---

## Highlights

| Feature          | Description                                                                 |
| ---------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| **Compact**      | <8 M parameters – runs comfortably on a laptop GPU / modern CPU             |
| **Cross-domain** | Pre-trained on **4.4 M** ECG, EMG & EEG representations via multi-task learning |

<br/>

| ![Tiny-BioMoE overview](docs/overview.png) | ![Encoder-1 and Encoder-2 details](docs/encoders.png) |
|:--:|:--:|
| **Overall Tiny-BioMoE architecture** | **Expert encoders** |

---

## Table of Contents

1. [Pre-trained checkpoint](#pre-trained-checkpoint)  
2. [Quick start](#quick-start)  
   * [Extract embeddings](#extract-embeddings)  
3. [Fine-tuning](#fine-tuning)  
4. [Citation](#citation)  
5. [Licence & acknowledgements](#licence--acknowledgements)

---

## Pre-trained Checkpoint

The checkpoint is stored under `checkpoint/` in this repository.

| File                          | Size   |
| ----------------------------- | ------ |
| `checkpoint/Tiny-BioMoE.pth`  | **89 MB** |

Download options:

```bash
# direct file download
wget https://huggingface.co/stefanosgikas/TinyBioMoE/resolve/main/checkpoint/Tiny-BioMoE.pth
```

```python
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
ckpt_path = hf_hub_download(
    repo_id="StefanosGkikas/Tiny-BioMoE",
    filename="checkpoint/Tiny-BioMoE.pth"
)
print(ckpt_path)
```

Optional integrity check:

```bash
sha256sum checkpoint/Tiny-BioMoE.pth
```

The checkpoint contains:

```
model_state_dict    # MoE backbone weights (SpectFormer-T-w + EfficientViT-w)
```

---

## Quick start

Assumes **PyTorch ≥ 2.0** and **timm ≥ 0.9** are installed.

Repository layout expected:

```
.
├── docs/                # images for the model card
├── architecture/        # Python modules for the encoders / MoE
└── checkpoint/          # Tiny-BioMoE.pth
```

### Extract embeddings

```python
import torch, torch.nn as nn
from PIL import Image
from torchvision import transforms
from timm.models import create_model

# local "architecture" folder
from architecture import spectformer, efficientvit

emb_size, num_experts = 96, 2
final_emb_size = emb_size * num_experts  # 192-D
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')

class MoE(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, enc1, enc2):
        super().__init__()
        self.enc1, self.enc2 = enc1, enc2
        self.ln_img = nn.LayerNorm((3, 224, 224))
        self.ln_e   = nn.LayerNorm(emb_size)
        self.ln_out = nn.LayerNorm(final_emb_size)
        self.fcn = nn.Sequential(nn.ELU(), nn.Linear(emb_size, emb_size),
                                 nn.Hardtanh(0, 1))
    @torch.no_grad()
    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.ln_img(x)
        z1, *_ = self.enc1(x)
        z2 = self.enc2(x)
        z1 = self.ln_e(z1) * self.fcn(z1)
        z2 = self.ln_e(z2) * self.fcn(z2)
        return self.ln_out(torch.cat((z1, z2), 1))

enc1 = create_model('spectformer_t_w'); enc1.head = nn.Identity()
enc2 = create_model('EfficientViT_w');  enc2.head = nn.Identity()
backbone = MoE(enc1, enc2).to(device).eval()

state = torch.load("checkpoint/Tiny-BioMoE.pth", map_location=device)
backbone.load_state_dict(state['model_state_dict'])

tr  = transforms.Compose([transforms.Resize((224,224)), transforms.ToTensor()])
img = Image.open('img.png').convert('RGB')
x   = tr(img).unsqueeze(0).to(device)
feat = backbone(x).squeeze(0)
print(feat.shape)
```

---

## Fine-tuning

```python
import torch, torch.nn as nn

num_classes = 3

head = nn.Sequential(
    nn.ELU(),
    nn.Linear(192, num_classes)
)

for p in backbone.parameters():
    p.requires_grad = False

model = nn.Sequential(backbone, head).to(device)
optimizer = torch.optim.AdamW(head.parameters(), lr=1e-3, weight_decay=1e-4)
```

---

## Citation

```bibtex
@inproceedings{tiny_biomoe,
author = {Gkikas, Stefanos and Kyprakis, Ioannis and Tsiknakis, Manolis},
title = {Tiny-BioMoE: a Lightweight Embedding Model for Biosignal Analysis},
year = {2025},
isbn = {9798400720765},
publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
address = {New York, NY, USA},
url = {https://doi.org/10.1145/3747327.3764788},
doi = {10.1145/3747327.3764788},
booktitle = {Companion Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Multimodal Interaction},
pages = {117–126},
numpages = {10},
series = {ICMI '25 Companion}
}
```

---

## Licence & acknowledgements

* Code & weights: **MIT Licence** – see `LICENSE`.

---

### Contact

Email **Stefanos Gkikas:** gkikas［at］ics［dot］forth［dot］gr ／ gikasstefanos［at］gmail［dot］com