---
language:
  - ja
  - en
library_name: transformers
pipeline_tag: text-generation
tags:
  - merge
  - mergekit
  - qwen2
  - qwen2.5
  - japanese
  - reasoning
  - slerp
  - conversational
license: other
base_model:
  - SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct
  - WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B
---

# Sakura

`summerMC/Sakura` is an experimental Japanese-oriented merged language model created from:

- `SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct`
- `WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B`

The goal of Sakura is to preserve the Japanese instruction-following and conversational behavior of TinySwallow while lightly injecting reasoning characteristics from VibeThinker.

This model was created with `mergekit` using SLERP weight merging. The recommended candidate from the initial Colab search is:

```yaml
merge_method: slerp
parameters:
  t: 0.05
```

## Model Summary

Sakura is a small 1.5B-class experimental merge model.

The primary model is `SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct`, which is used for Japanese instruction-following and conversational behavior.

The secondary donor model is `WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B`, which is used to lightly contribute reasoning-oriented behavior. Because VibeThinker is strongly oriented toward math and algorithmic reasoning, its contribution is intentionally kept low.

## Intended Use

This model is intended for:

- Japanese chat and instruction following
- Lightweight Japanese Q&A
- Simple reasoning tasks
- Simple mathematical explanations
- Basic Python/code-generation prompts
- Experimental research on small-model weight merging

This model is not intended for:

- production or mission-critical use
- medical, legal, financial, or safety-critical decision making
- guaranteed factual answering
- high-stakes reasoning
- unsupervised deployment without evaluation
- replacing the original parent models

## Merge Details

### Parent Models

| Role | Model |
|---|---|
| Primary Japanese instruction model | `SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct` |
| Reasoning donor model | `WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B` |

### Architecture Compatibility

Both parent models are Qwen2-family causal language models and were checked before merging.

Observed compatibility values:

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| `model_type` | `qwen2` |
| `architectures` | `Qwen2ForCausalLM` |
| `hidden_size` | `1536` |
| `num_hidden_layers` | `28` |
| `num_attention_heads` | `12` |
| `num_key_value_heads` | `2` |
| `intermediate_size` | `8960` |
| `vocab_size` | `151936` |

The tokenizer and chat template were taken from `SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct`.

### Merge Method

The model was merged with `mergekit` using SLERP.

A low VibeThinker ratio was selected because higher ratios caused degradation in Japanese instruction-following and repetitive English output during early experiments.

Recommended merge setting:

```yaml
slices:
  - sources:
      - model: SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct
        layer_range: [0, 28]
      - model: WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B
        layer_range: [0, 28]

merge_method: slerp
base_model: SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct

parameters:
  t: 0.05

dtype: bfloat16

tokenizer:
  source: SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct

chat_template: auto
```

## Colab / mergekit Command

```bash
mergekit-yaml merge_config.yaml ./Sakura \
  --cuda \
  --copy-tokenizer \
  --out-shard-size 2B \
  --trust-remote-code
```

After merging, the config should be patched to avoid tied-weight warnings:

```python
import json
from pathlib import Path

model_path = Path("./Sakura")
config_path = model_path / "config.json"

with open(config_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    config = json.load(f)

config["tie_word_embeddings"] = False

with open(config_path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    json.dump(config, f, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)
```

## Usage

```python
import torch
from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM

model_id = "summerMC/Sakura"

tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
    model_id,
    trust_remote_code=True,
)

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
    model_id,
    torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
    device_map="auto",
    trust_remote_code=True,
)

if tokenizer.pad_token_id is None:
    tokenizer.pad_token = tokenizer.eos_token

messages = [
    {
        "role": "user",
        "content": "日本語で簡潔に説明してください。モデルマージとは何ですか？",
    }
]

text = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(
    messages,
    tokenize=False,
    add_generation_prompt=True,
)

inputs = tokenizer(
    text,
    return_tensors="pt",
).to(model.device)

eos_ids = []
for token in [tokenizer.eos_token, "<|im_end|>", "<|endoftext|>"]:
    if token is None:
        continue
    token_id = tokenizer.convert_tokens_to_ids(token)
    if token_id is not None and token_id != tokenizer.unk_token_id and token_id not in eos_ids:
        eos_ids.append(token_id)

with torch.inference_mode():
    output_ids = model.generate(
        **inputs,
        max_new_tokens=256,
        do_sample=False,
        repetition_penalty=1.08,
        no_repeat_ngram_size=6,
        pad_token_id=tokenizer.pad_token_id,
        eos_token_id=eos_ids if eos_ids else tokenizer.eos_token_id,
    )

generated_ids = output_ids[0][inputs["input_ids"].shape[-1]:]
print(tokenizer.decode(generated_ids, skip_special_tokens=True).strip())
```

## Example Prompts

```text
日本語で簡潔に説明してください。モデルマージとは何ですか？
```

```text
12個のリンゴを3人で同じ数ずつ分けます。1人何個ですか？途中式も書いてください。
```

```text
Pythonでフィボナッチ数列をn個返す関数を書いてください。説明は短くしてください。
```

```text
次の文章を自然な日本語に直してください: I went to the store because I needed some milk.
```

## Initial Evaluation

A lightweight manual evaluation was performed in Google Colab using the following prompt categories:

- Japanese explanation
- simple arithmetic
- Python Fibonacci function generation
- English-to-Japanese translation

The best early candidate was around:

```text
SLERP t = 0.05
```

The evaluation was heuristic and should not be treated as a formal benchmark. More robust evaluation is recommended before publishing or using the model.

Suggested future evaluations:

- Japanese MT-Bench style prompts
- Japanese instruction-following tests
- GSM8K or Japanese arithmetic prompts
- HumanEval-style Python tasks
- Repetition and language-mixing checks
- Safety and refusal behavior tests

## Known Limitations

This is an experimental merge and may:

- hallucinate facts
- produce incorrect reasoning
- mix English and Japanese
- fail on complex mathematical tasks
- produce repetitive output under some decoding settings
- inherit limitations and biases from both parent models
- underperform the original VibeThinker on English math/code benchmarks
- underperform the original TinySwallow on some Japanese-only tasks

The model should be evaluated carefully before any downstream use.

## Why the VibeThinker Ratio Is Low

Early experiments with higher VibeThinker ratios caused unstable behavior, including:

- loss of Japanese response behavior
- repeated English assistant-style text
- incorrect simple arithmetic
- excessive repetition

For this reason, the recommended starting range is:

```text
t = 0.03 to 0.08
```

The initial recommended value is:

```text
t = 0.05
```

## Reproducibility

Minimal reproducible merge config:

```yaml
slices:
  - sources:
      - model: SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct
        layer_range: [0, 28]
      - model: WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B
        layer_range: [0, 28]

merge_method: slerp
base_model: SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct

parameters:
  t: 0.05

dtype: bfloat16

tokenizer:
  source: SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct

chat_template: auto
```

## Recommended Generation Settings

For Japanese instruction-following:

```python
generation_config = {
    "max_new_tokens": 256,
    "do_sample": False,
    "repetition_penalty": 1.08,
    "no_repeat_ngram_size": 6,
}
```

For more creative or reasoning-oriented outputs:

```python
generation_config = {
    "max_new_tokens": 512,
    "do_sample": True,
    "temperature": 0.6,
    "top_p": 0.95,
    "repetition_penalty": 1.05,
}
```

## License and Terms

This merged model is derived from the following parent models:

- `SakanaAI/TinySwallow-1.5B-Instruct`
- `WeiboAI/VibeThinker-1.5B`

Users must comply with the licenses, terms, and usage policies of all parent models and any upstream models or datasets referenced by those projects.

Please review the parent model cards and licenses before use or redistribution.

## Acknowledgements

This model is based on the work of:

- Sakana AI
- The Swallow / Japanese LLM community
- WeiboAI
- Qwen model developers
- mergekit developers

## Citation

If you use this merged model, please cite the parent models and relevant technical reports for TinySwallow, VibeThinker, Qwen2.5, and mergekit where appropriate.

## Disclaimer

This model is an experimental research artifact. It is provided without warranty. The authors of this merge are not responsible for outputs generated by the model or downstream uses of the model.