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README.md
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---
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datasets:
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- tattabio/OMG
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license: apache-2.0
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---
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# gLM2_150M
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gLM2 is a mixed-modality genomic language model, trained on the [`OMG Dataset`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tattabio/OMG).
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The model encodes a genomic scaffold with both both amino-acid and DNA tokens.
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gLM2 is trained at two scales: 150M and 650M parameters (available at [`tattabio/gLM2_650M`](https://huggingface.co/tattabio/gLM2_650M)).
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See [https://github.com/TattaBio/gLM2](https://github.com/TattaBio/gLM2) for inference scripts.
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### Model Description
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gLM2 is a transformer encoder trained with the masked language modeling objective.
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It encodes a genomic contig as a sequence of protein coding sequences (CDS) and DNA inter-genic sequences (IGS).
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CDS elements are tokenized using per-amino acid tokens, and IGS elements are tokenized using per-nucleotide tokens.
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- To encode the genomic strand, we prepended each genomic element with a special token, either `<+>` or `<->` to indicate the positive and negative strands.
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- To avoid collision between amino acid and nucleotide tokens, the tokenizer expects all amino acids to be uppercase, and all nucleotides to be lowercase.
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UPDATE(09/2024): We updated the model with longer context length (4096 tokens vs. 2048 tokens) and per-nucleotide IGS tokenization instead of BPE.
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## Getting Started
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```python
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import torch
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from transformers import AutoModel, AutoTokenizer
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model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('tattabio/gLM2_150M', torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16, trust_remote_code=True).cuda()
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tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('tattabio/gLM2_150M', trust_remote_code=True)
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# A contig with two proteins and an inter-genic sequence.
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# NOTE: Nucleotides should always be lowercase, and prepended with `<+>`.
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sequence = "<+>MALTKVEKRNRIKRRVRGKISGTQASPRLSVYKSNK<+>aatttaaggaa<->MLGIDNIERVKPGGLELVDRLVAVNRVTKVTKGGRAFGFSAIVVVGNED"
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# Tokenize the sequence.
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encodings = tokenizer([sequence], return_tensors='pt')
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# Extract embeddings.
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with torch.no_grad():
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embeddings = model(encodings.input_ids.cuda(), output_hidden_states=True).last_hidden_state
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```
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### Training Data
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gLM2 is trained on the [`OMG`](https://huggingface.co/datasets/tattabio/OMG) dataset.
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To improve the dataset balance and remove near-duplicate examples, the data is tokenized and pruned by applying Semantic Deduplication [SemDedup](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.09540).
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We use an embedding distance threshold of 2e-3, resulting in 49% of the dataset being pruned.
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## Training Details
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- Pretraining tokens: 315B
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- Context length: 4096
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- Masking rate: 30%
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- Learning rate: 1e-3
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- Optimizer: AdamW (betas = (0.9, 0.95))
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- Mixed precision training: bfloat16
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- Weight decay: 0.1
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## Citation
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**BioRxiv:**
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[https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607850](https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2024.08.14.607850)
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**BibTeX:**
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```@article {Cornman2024.08.14.607850,
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author = {Cornman, Andre and West-Roberts, Jacob and Camargo, Antonio Pedro and Roux, Simon and Beracochea, Martin and Mirdita, Milot and Ovchinnikov, Sergey and Hwang, Yunha},
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title = {The OMG dataset: An Open MetaGenomic corpus for mixed-modality genomic language modeling},
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elocation-id = {2024.08.14.607850},
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year = {2024},
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doi = {10.1101/2024.08.14.607850},
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publisher = {Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory},
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URL = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2024/08/17/2024.08.14.607850},
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eprint = {https://www.biorxiv.org/content/early/2024/08/17/2024.08.14.607850.full.pdf},
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journal = {bioRxiv}
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}
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