---
license: cc-by-nc-4.0
base_model: facebook/convnextv2-base-22k-224
tags:
  - sar
  - remote-sensing
  - sar-to-optical
  - image-to-image
  - gan
  - convnextv2
  - wavelet
  - onnx
pipeline_tag: image-to-image
library_name: pytorch
model-index:
  - name: WaveNeXt
    results:
      - task:
          type: image-to-image
          name: SAR-to-optical translation
        dataset:
          type: sen1-2
          name: SEN1-2 (5-scene subset)
        metrics:
          - type: psnr
            value: 18.54
            name: PSNR
          - type: ssim
            value: 0.432
            name: SSIM
          - type: fid
            value: 58.5
            name: FID
          - type: lpips
            value: 0.241
            name: LPIPS
---

# WaveNeXt (Base)

**Wavelet + ConvNeXt** generator that translates single-channel Sentinel-1 **SAR**
amplitude into 3-channel Sentinel-2-like **optical** imagery at 256×256.

![SAR input · Baseline · HF-D · ground truth](hfd-showcase.jpg)

## Model details

| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| **Task** | Conditional SAR → optical image translation |
| **Architecture** | Haar-wavelet stem → ConvNeXt V2-Base backbone → inverse-Haar head (~98 M params) |
| **Finetuned from** | [`facebook/convnextv2-base-22k-224`](https://huggingface.co/facebook/convnextv2-base-22k-224) |
| **Resolution** | 256 × 256, input/output in `[-1, 1]` |
| **Formats** | `safetensors` (PyTorch) · `model.onnx` (fp32, opset 17) |
| **License** | CC-BY-NC-4.0 |
| **Repository** | [github.com/Tiruum/sar2opt_light](https://github.com/Tiruum/sar2opt_light) |

### How it works

- **Wavelet I/O** — a fixed orthonormal 2-level Haar transform replaces the patch-embed
  stem, and an inverse-Haar head reconstructs the optical image, so the network predicts
  wavelet sub-bands rather than raw pixels.
- **ConvNeXt V2-Base** backbone transfers ImageNet-22k features into the data-scarce SAR domain.
- **High-frequency discriminator (HF-D)** — an adversarial critic on the residual
  `x − gaussian_blur(x)` drives coherent fine detail. It is used **only during training**
  and adds no inference cost; these weights are the generator alone.

Full architecture and design notes: [`ARCHITECTURE.md`](https://github.com/Tiruum/sar2opt_light/blob/master/src/models/wavenext/ARCHITECTURE.md).

## Intended uses & limitations

**Intended use** — research on SAR→optical translation, despeckling, and high-frequency
detail synthesis for remote-sensing imagery.

**Limitations** — trained on a representative 5-scene subset of SEN1-2 (scenes
`5, 45, 52, 84, 100`); performance on regions, seasons, or sensors outside that
distribution is unverified. Outputs are plausible reconstructions, not measurements —
do not use for quantitative geophysical analysis. Non-commercial use only.

## Usage

### ONNX (no PyTorch / transformers)

```python
import numpy as np, onnxruntime as ort
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download

onnx_path = hf_hub_download("umpaoflumpia/WaveNeXt", "model.onnx")
sess = ort.InferenceSession(onnx_path, providers=["CPUExecutionProvider"])

sar = np.random.randn(1, 1, 256, 256).astype("float32")   # SAR in [-1, 1]
optical = sess.run(None, {"sar": sar})[0]                  # [1, 3, 256, 256] in [-1, 1]
```

The batch axis is dynamic (`[N,1,256,256]`). Swap the provider for
`CUDAExecutionProvider`, `TensorrtExecutionProvider`, `CoreMLExecutionProvider`, or
`DmlExecutionProvider` to match your hardware.

### PyTorch

```python
import torch
from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
from safetensors.torch import load_file
from omegaconf import OmegaConf
from src.models.wavenext.gen import WaveNeXtGenerator   # from the source repository

weights = hf_hub_download("umpaoflumpia/WaveNeXt", "generator.safetensors")
cfg = OmegaConf.load("src/models/wavenext/config.yaml")
g = WaveNeXtGenerator(cfg).eval()
g.load_state_dict(load_file(weights))

sar = torch.randn(1, 1, 256, 256)          # SAR in [-1, 1]
with torch.no_grad():
    optical = g(sar)                        # [1, 3, 256, 256] in [-1, 1]
```

Map either output to display range with `(x + 1) / 2`.

## Training

- **Data** — [SEN1-2](https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1436631), paired Sentinel-1/Sentinel-2
  patches; a fixed, representative 5-scene split (`5, 45, 52, 84, 100`).
- **Backbone** — ConvNeXt V2-Base, ImageNet-22k pretrained; Haar stem and inverse-Haar
  head are fixed (non-learnable).
- **Objective** — LSGAN + feature matching + HF-D adversarial + MS-SSIM + per-band Haar L1
  + LPIPS + focal frequency loss + PatchNCE (no pixel-space L1).
- **Schedule** — AdamW/Adam (`lr 2e-4`), bf16 mixed precision, EMA (decay 0.999),
  200 epochs with a linear LR decay tail.

Reproduce from the [source repository](https://github.com/Tiruum/sar2opt_light):
`python -m src.models.wavenext.train`.

## Evaluation

SEN1-2 held-out validation:

| Variant | PSNR ↑ | SSIM ↑ | FID ↓ | LPIPS ↓ |
|--------|--------|--------|-------|---------|
| **WaveNeXt Base** (this model) | **18.54** | **0.432** | **58.5** | **0.241** |
| WaveNeXt Tiny | 17.28 | 0.369 | 73.0 | 0.311 |

The figure above contrasts the baseline (HF-D disabled) with HF-D on a held-out crop:
HF-D recovers coherent high-frequency structure the baseline blurs away.

## Acknowledgements

Built on [ConvNeXt V2](https://huggingface.co/facebook/convnextv2-base-22k-224) (Meta AI)
and trained on [SEN1-2](https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1436631) (TU Munich).

## License

**CC-BY-NC-4.0** — non-commercial. The weights are derived from ConvNeXt V2 (Meta,
CC-BY-NC-4.0) and trained on SEN1-2 (research use); those terms are inherited. Please
attribute WaveNeXt, ConvNeXt V2, and SEN1-2 in derivative work.