File size: 36,835 Bytes
a80f6e6
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
from __future__ import annotations

import copy
import pathlib
import re
from io import StringIO
from typing import (
    Any,
    Callable,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
    Optional,
    Sequence,
    Tuple,
    TypedDict,
    cast,
)

import requests
from langchain_core._api import beta
from langchain_core.documents import BaseDocumentTransformer, Document

from langchain_text_splitters.character import RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter


class ElementType(TypedDict):
    """Element type as typed dict."""

    url: str
    xpath: str
    content: str
    metadata: Dict[str, str]


class HTMLHeaderTextSplitter:
    """Split HTML content into structured Documents based on specified headers.

    Splits HTML content by detecting specified header tags (e.g., <h1>, <h2>) and
    creating hierarchical Document objects that reflect the semantic structure
    of the original content. For each identified section, the splitter associates
    the extracted text with metadata corresponding to the encountered headers.

    If no specified headers are found, the entire content is returned as a single
    Document. This allows for flexible handling of HTML input, ensuring that
    information is organized according to its semantic headers.

    The splitter provides the option to return each HTML element as a separate
    Document or aggregate them into semantically meaningful chunks. It also
    gracefully handles multiple levels of nested headers, creating a rich,
    hierarchical representation of the content.

    Args:
        headers_to_split_on (List[Tuple[str, str]]): A list of (header_tag,
            header_name) pairs representing the headers that define splitting
            boundaries. For example, [("h1", "Header 1"), ("h2", "Header 2")]
            will split content by <h1> and <h2> tags, assigning their textual
            content to the Document metadata.
        return_each_element (bool): If True, every HTML element encountered
            (including headers, paragraphs, etc.) is returned as a separate
            Document. If False, content under the same header hierarchy is
            aggregated into fewer Documents.

    Returns:
        List[Document]: A list of Document objects. Each Document contains
        `page_content` holding the extracted text and `metadata` that maps
        the header hierarchy to their corresponding titles.

    Example:
        .. code-block:: python

            from langchain_text_splitters.html_header_text_splitter import (
                HTMLHeaderTextSplitter,
            )

            # Define headers for splitting on h1 and h2 tags.
            headers_to_split_on = [("h1", "Main Topic"), ("h2", "Sub Topic")]

            splitter = HTMLHeaderTextSplitter(
                headers_to_split_on=headers_to_split_on,
                return_each_element=False
            )

            html_content = \"\"\"
            <html>
              <body>
                <h1>Introduction</h1>
                <p>Welcome to the introduction section.</p>
                <h2>Background</h2>
                <p>Some background details here.</p>
                <h1>Conclusion</h1>
                <p>Final thoughts.</p>
              </body>
            </html>
            \"\"\"

            documents = splitter.split_text(html_content)

            # 'documents' now contains Document objects reflecting the hierarchy:
            # - Document with metadata={"Main Topic": "Introduction"} and
            #   content="Introduction"
            # - Document with metadata={"Main Topic": "Introduction"} and
            #   content="Welcome to the introduction section."
            # - Document with metadata={"Main Topic": "Introduction",
            #   "Sub Topic": "Background"} and content="Background"
            # - Document with metadata={"Main Topic": "Introduction",
            #   "Sub Topic": "Background"} and content="Some background details here."
            # - Document with metadata={"Main Topic": "Conclusion"} and
            #   content="Conclusion"
            # - Document with metadata={"Main Topic": "Conclusion"} and
            #   content="Final thoughts."
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        headers_to_split_on: List[Tuple[str, str]],
        return_each_element: bool = False,
    ) -> None:
        """Initialize with headers to split on.

        Args:
            headers_to_split_on: A list of tuples where
                each tuple contains a header tag and its corresponding value.
            return_each_element: Whether to return each HTML
                element as a separate Document. Defaults to False.
        """
        # Sort headers by their numeric level so that h1 < h2 < h3...
        self.headers_to_split_on = sorted(
            headers_to_split_on, key=lambda x: int(x[0][1:])
        )
        self.header_mapping = dict(self.headers_to_split_on)
        self.header_tags = [tag for tag, _ in self.headers_to_split_on]
        self.return_each_element = return_each_element

    def split_text(self, text: str) -> List[Document]:
        """Split the given text into a list of Document objects.

        Args:
            text: The HTML text to split.

        Returns:
            A list of split Document objects.
        """
        return self.split_text_from_file(StringIO(text))

    def split_text_from_url(
        self, url: str, timeout: int = 10, **kwargs: Any
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """Fetch text content from a URL and split it into documents.

        Args:
            url: The URL to fetch content from.
            timeout: Timeout for the request. Defaults to 10.
            **kwargs: Additional keyword arguments for the request.

        Returns:
            A list of split Document objects.

        Raises:
            requests.RequestException: If the HTTP request fails.
        """
        kwargs.setdefault("timeout", timeout)
        response = requests.get(url, **kwargs)
        response.raise_for_status()
        return self.split_text(response.text)

    def split_text_from_file(self, file: Any) -> List[Document]:
        """Split HTML content from a file into a list of Document objects.

        Args:
            file: A file path or a file-like object containing HTML content.

        Returns:
            A list of split Document objects.
        """
        if isinstance(file, str):
            with open(file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
                html_content = f.read()
        else:
            html_content = file.read()
        return list(self._generate_documents(html_content))

    def _generate_documents(self, html_content: str) -> Any:
        """Private method that performs a DFS traversal over the DOM and yields.

        Document objects on-the-fly. This approach maintains the same splitting
        logic (headers vs. non-headers, chunking, etc.) while walking the DOM
        explicitly in code.

        Args:
            html_content: The raw HTML content.

        Yields:
            Document objects as they are created.
        """
        try:
            from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
        except ImportError as e:
            raise ImportError(
                "Unable to import BeautifulSoup. Please install via `pip install bs4`."
            ) from e

        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_content, "html.parser")
        body = soup.body if soup.body else soup

        # Dictionary of active headers:
        #   key = user-defined header name (e.g. "Header 1")
        #   value = (header_text, level, dom_depth)
        active_headers: Dict[str, Tuple[str, int, int]] = {}
        current_chunk: List[str] = []

        def finalize_chunk() -> Optional[Document]:
            """Finalize the accumulated chunk into a single Document."""
            if not current_chunk:
                return None

            final_text = "  \n".join(line for line in current_chunk if line.strip())
            current_chunk.clear()
            if not final_text.strip():
                return None

            final_meta = {k: v[0] for k, v in active_headers.items()}
            return Document(page_content=final_text, metadata=final_meta)

        # We'll use a stack for DFS traversal
        stack = [body]
        while stack:
            node = stack.pop()
            children = list(node.children)
            from bs4.element import Tag

            for child in reversed(children):
                if isinstance(child, Tag):
                    stack.append(child)

            tag = getattr(node, "name", None)
            if not tag:
                continue

            text_elements = [
                str(child).strip()
                for child in node.find_all(string=True, recursive=False)
            ]
            node_text = " ".join(elem for elem in text_elements if elem)
            if not node_text:
                continue

            dom_depth = len(list(node.parents))

            # If this node is one of our headers
            if tag in self.header_tags:
                # If we're aggregating, finalize whatever chunk we had
                if not self.return_each_element:
                    doc = finalize_chunk()
                    if doc:
                        yield doc

                # Determine numeric level (h1->1, h2->2, etc.)
                try:
                    level = int(tag[1:])
                except ValueError:
                    level = 9999

                # Remove any active headers that are at or deeper than this new level
                headers_to_remove = [
                    k for k, (_, lvl, d) in active_headers.items() if lvl >= level
                ]
                for key in headers_to_remove:
                    del active_headers[key]

                # Add/Update the active header
                header_name = self.header_mapping[tag]
                active_headers[header_name] = (node_text, level, dom_depth)

                # Always yield a Document for the header
                header_meta = {k: v[0] for k, v in active_headers.items()}
                yield Document(page_content=node_text, metadata=header_meta)

            else:
                headers_out_of_scope = [
                    k for k, (_, _, d) in active_headers.items() if dom_depth < d
                ]
                for key in headers_out_of_scope:
                    del active_headers[key]

                if self.return_each_element:
                    # Yield each element's text as its own Document
                    meta = {k: v[0] for k, v in active_headers.items()}
                    yield Document(page_content=node_text, metadata=meta)
                else:
                    # Accumulate text in our chunk
                    current_chunk.append(node_text)

        # If we're aggregating and have leftover chunk, yield it
        if not self.return_each_element:
            doc = finalize_chunk()
            if doc:
                yield doc


class HTMLSectionSplitter:
    """Splitting HTML files based on specified tag and font sizes.

    Requires lxml package.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        headers_to_split_on: List[Tuple[str, str]],
        xslt_path: Optional[str] = None,
        **kwargs: Any,
    ) -> None:
        """Create a new HTMLSectionSplitter.

        Args:
            headers_to_split_on: list of tuples of headers we want to track mapped to
                (arbitrary) keys for metadata. Allowed header values: h1, h2, h3, h4,
                h5, h6 e.g. [("h1", "Header 1"), ("h2", "Header 2"].
            xslt_path: path to xslt file for document transformation.
            Uses a default if not passed.
            Needed for html contents that using different format and layouts.
            **kwargs (Any): Additional optional arguments for customizations.

        """
        self.headers_to_split_on = dict(headers_to_split_on)

        if xslt_path is None:
            self.xslt_path = (
                pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / "xsl/converting_to_header.xslt"
            ).absolute()
        else:
            self.xslt_path = pathlib.Path(xslt_path).absolute()
        self.kwargs = kwargs

    def split_documents(self, documents: Iterable[Document]) -> List[Document]:
        """Split documents."""
        texts, metadatas = [], []
        for doc in documents:
            texts.append(doc.page_content)
            metadatas.append(doc.metadata)
        results = self.create_documents(texts, metadatas=metadatas)

        text_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(**self.kwargs)

        return text_splitter.split_documents(results)

    def split_text(self, text: str) -> List[Document]:
        """Split HTML text string.

        Args:
            text: HTML text
        """
        return self.split_text_from_file(StringIO(text))

    def create_documents(
        self, texts: List[str], metadatas: Optional[List[dict]] = None
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """Create documents from a list of texts."""
        _metadatas = metadatas or [{}] * len(texts)
        documents = []
        for i, text in enumerate(texts):
            for chunk in self.split_text(text):
                metadata = copy.deepcopy(_metadatas[i])

                for key in chunk.metadata.keys():
                    if chunk.metadata[key] == "#TITLE#":
                        chunk.metadata[key] = metadata["Title"]
                metadata = {**metadata, **chunk.metadata}
                new_doc = Document(page_content=chunk.page_content, metadata=metadata)
                documents.append(new_doc)
        return documents

    def split_html_by_headers(self, html_doc: str) -> List[Dict[str, Optional[str]]]:
        """Split an HTML document into sections based on specified header tags.

        This method uses BeautifulSoup to parse the HTML content and divides it into
        sections based on headers defined in `headers_to_split_on`. Each section
        contains the header text, content under the header, and the tag name.

        Args:
            html_doc (str): The HTML document to be split into sections.

        Returns:
            List[Dict[str, Optional[str]]]: A list of dictionaries representing
            sections.
                Each dictionary contains:
                - 'header': The header text or a default title for the first section.
                - 'content': The content under the header.
                - 'tag_name': The name of the header tag (e.g., "h1", "h2").
        """
        try:
            from bs4 import (
                BeautifulSoup,  # type: ignore[import-untyped]
                PageElement,
            )
        except ImportError as e:
            raise ImportError(
                "Unable to import BeautifulSoup/PageElement, \
                    please install with `pip install \
                    bs4`."
            ) from e

        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc, "html.parser")
        headers = list(self.headers_to_split_on.keys())
        sections: list[dict[str, str | None]] = []

        headers = soup.find_all(["body"] + headers)  # type: ignore[assignment]

        for i, header in enumerate(headers):
            header_element = cast(PageElement, header)
            if i == 0:
                current_header = "#TITLE#"
                current_header_tag = "h1"
                section_content: List = []
            else:
                current_header = header_element.text.strip()
                current_header_tag = header_element.name  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
                section_content = []
            for element in header_element.next_elements:
                if i + 1 < len(headers) and element == headers[i + 1]:
                    break
                if isinstance(element, str):
                    section_content.append(element)
            content = " ".join(section_content).strip()

            if content != "":
                sections.append(
                    {
                        "header": current_header,
                        "content": content,
                        "tag_name": current_header_tag,
                    }
                )

        return sections

    def convert_possible_tags_to_header(self, html_content: str) -> str:
        """Convert specific HTML tags to headers using an XSLT transformation.

        This method uses an XSLT file to transform the HTML content, converting
        certain tags into headers for easier parsing. If no XSLT path is provided,
        the HTML content is returned unchanged.

        Args:
            html_content (str): The HTML content to be transformed.

        Returns:
            str: The transformed HTML content as a string.
        """
        if self.xslt_path is None:
            return html_content

        try:
            from lxml import etree
        except ImportError as e:
            raise ImportError(
                "Unable to import lxml, please install with `pip install lxml`."
            ) from e
        # use lxml library to parse html document and return xml ElementTree
        parser = etree.HTMLParser()
        tree = etree.parse(StringIO(html_content), parser)

        xslt_tree = etree.parse(self.xslt_path)
        transform = etree.XSLT(xslt_tree)
        result = transform(tree)
        return str(result)

    def split_text_from_file(self, file: Any) -> List[Document]:
        """Split HTML content from a file into a list of Document objects.

        Args:
            file: A file path or a file-like object containing HTML content.

        Returns:
            A list of split Document objects.
        """
        file_content = file.getvalue()
        file_content = self.convert_possible_tags_to_header(file_content)
        sections = self.split_html_by_headers(file_content)

        return [
            Document(
                cast(str, section["content"]),
                metadata={
                    self.headers_to_split_on[str(section["tag_name"])]: section[
                        "header"
                    ]
                },
            )
            for section in sections
        ]


@beta()
class HTMLSemanticPreservingSplitter(BaseDocumentTransformer):
    """Split HTML content preserving semantic structure.

    Splits HTML content by headers into generalized chunks, preserving semantic
    structure. If chunks exceed the maximum chunk size, it uses
    RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter for further splitting.

    The splitter preserves full HTML elements (e.g., <table>, <ul>) and converts
    links to Markdown-like links. It can also preserve images, videos, and audio
    elements by converting them into Markdown format. Note that some chunks may
    exceed the maximum size to maintain semantic integrity.

    .. versionadded: 0.3.5

    Args:
        headers_to_split_on (List[Tuple[str, str]]): HTML headers (e.g., "h1", "h2")
            that define content sections.
        max_chunk_size (int): Maximum size for each chunk, with allowance for
            exceeding this limit to preserve semantics.
        chunk_overlap (int): Number of characters to overlap between chunks to ensure
            contextual continuity.
        separators (List[str]): Delimiters used by RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter for
            further splitting.
        elements_to_preserve (List[str]): HTML tags (e.g., <table>, <ul>) to remain
            intact during splitting.
        preserve_links (bool): Converts <a> tags to Markdown links ([text](url)).
        preserve_images (bool): Converts <img> tags to Markdown images (![alt](src)).
        preserve_videos (bool): Converts <video> tags to Markdown
        video links (![video](src)).
        preserve_audio (bool): Converts <audio> tags to Markdown
        audio links (![audio](src)).
        custom_handlers (Dict[str, Callable[[Any], str]]): Optional custom handlers for
            specific HTML tags, allowing tailored extraction or processing.
        stopword_removal (bool): Optionally remove stopwords from the text.
        stopword_lang (str): The language of stopwords to remove.
        normalize_text (bool): Optionally normalize text
            (e.g., lowercasing, removing punctuation).
        external_metadata (Optional[Dict[str, str]]): Additional metadata to attach to
            the Document objects.
        allowlist_tags (Optional[List[str]]): Only these tags will be retained in
            the HTML.
        denylist_tags (Optional[List[str]]): These tags will be removed from the HTML.
        preserve_parent_metadata (bool): Whether to pass through parent document
            metadata to split documents when calling
            ``transform_documents/atransform_documents()``.

    Example:
        .. code-block:: python

            from langchain_text_splitters.html import HTMLSemanticPreservingSplitter

            def custom_iframe_extractor(iframe_tag):
                ```
                Custom handler function to extract the 'src' attribute from an <iframe> tag.
                Converts the iframe to a Markdown-like link: [iframe:<src>](src).

                Args:
                    iframe_tag (bs4.element.Tag): The <iframe> tag to be processed.

                Returns:
                    str: A formatted string representing the iframe in Markdown-like format.
                ```
                iframe_src = iframe_tag.get('src', '')
                return f"[iframe:{iframe_src}]({iframe_src})"

            text_splitter = HTMLSemanticPreservingSplitter(
                headers_to_split_on=[("h1", "Header 1"), ("h2", "Header 2")],
                max_chunk_size=500,
                preserve_links=True,
                preserve_images=True,
                custom_handlers={"iframe": custom_iframe_extractor}
            )
    """  # noqa: E501, D214

    def __init__(
        self,
        headers_to_split_on: List[Tuple[str, str]],
        *,
        max_chunk_size: int = 1000,
        chunk_overlap: int = 0,
        separators: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        elements_to_preserve: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        preserve_links: bool = False,
        preserve_images: bool = False,
        preserve_videos: bool = False,
        preserve_audio: bool = False,
        custom_handlers: Optional[Dict[str, Callable[[Any], str]]] = None,
        stopword_removal: bool = False,
        stopword_lang: str = "english",
        normalize_text: bool = False,
        external_metadata: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None,
        allowlist_tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        denylist_tags: Optional[List[str]] = None,
        preserve_parent_metadata: bool = False,
    ):
        """Initialize splitter."""
        try:
            from bs4 import BeautifulSoup, Tag

            self._BeautifulSoup = BeautifulSoup
            self._Tag = Tag
        except ImportError:
            raise ImportError(
                "Could not import BeautifulSoup. "
                "Please install it with 'pip install bs4'."
            )

        self._headers_to_split_on = sorted(headers_to_split_on)
        self._max_chunk_size = max_chunk_size
        self._elements_to_preserve = elements_to_preserve or []
        self._preserve_links = preserve_links
        self._preserve_images = preserve_images
        self._preserve_videos = preserve_videos
        self._preserve_audio = preserve_audio
        self._custom_handlers = custom_handlers or {}
        self._stopword_removal = stopword_removal
        self._stopword_lang = stopword_lang
        self._normalize_text = normalize_text
        self._external_metadata = external_metadata or {}
        self._allowlist_tags = allowlist_tags
        self._preserve_parent_metadata = preserve_parent_metadata
        if allowlist_tags:
            self._allowlist_tags = list(
                set(allowlist_tags + [header[0] for header in headers_to_split_on])
            )
        self._denylist_tags = denylist_tags
        if denylist_tags:
            self._denylist_tags = [
                tag
                for tag in denylist_tags
                if tag not in [header[0] for header in headers_to_split_on]
            ]
        if separators:
            self._recursive_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(
                separators=separators,
                chunk_size=max_chunk_size,
                chunk_overlap=chunk_overlap,
            )
        else:
            self._recursive_splitter = RecursiveCharacterTextSplitter(
                chunk_size=max_chunk_size, chunk_overlap=chunk_overlap
            )

        if self._stopword_removal:
            try:
                import nltk  # type: ignore
                from nltk.corpus import stopwords  # type: ignore

                nltk.download("stopwords")
                self._stopwords = set(stopwords.words(self._stopword_lang))
            except ImportError:
                raise ImportError(
                    "Could not import nltk. Please install it with 'pip install nltk'."
                )

    def split_text(self, text: str) -> List[Document]:
        """Splits the provided HTML text into smaller chunks based on the configuration.

        Args:
            text (str): The HTML content to be split.

        Returns:
            List[Document]: A list of Document objects containing the split content.
        """
        soup = self._BeautifulSoup(text, "html.parser")

        self._process_media(soup)

        if self._preserve_links:
            self._process_links(soup)

        if self._allowlist_tags or self._denylist_tags:
            self._filter_tags(soup)

        return self._process_html(soup)

    def transform_documents(
        self, documents: Sequence[Document], **kwargs: Any
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """Transform sequence of documents by splitting them."""
        transformed = []
        for doc in documents:
            splits = self.split_text(doc.page_content)
            if self._preserve_parent_metadata:
                splits = [
                    Document(
                        page_content=split_doc.page_content,
                        metadata={**doc.metadata, **split_doc.metadata},
                    )
                    for split_doc in splits
                ]
            transformed.extend(splits)
        return transformed

    def _process_media(self, soup: Any) -> None:
        """Processes the media elements.

        Process elements in the HTML content by wrapping them in a <media-wrapper> tag
        and converting them to Markdown format.

        Args:
            soup (Any): Parsed HTML content using BeautifulSoup.
        """
        if self._preserve_images:
            for img_tag in soup.find_all("img"):
                img_src = img_tag.get("src", "")
                markdown_img = f"![image:{img_src}]({img_src})"
                wrapper = soup.new_tag("media-wrapper")
                wrapper.string = markdown_img
                img_tag.replace_with(wrapper)

        if self._preserve_videos:
            for video_tag in soup.find_all("video"):
                video_src = video_tag.get("src", "")
                markdown_video = f"![video:{video_src}]({video_src})"
                wrapper = soup.new_tag("media-wrapper")
                wrapper.string = markdown_video
                video_tag.replace_with(wrapper)

        if self._preserve_audio:
            for audio_tag in soup.find_all("audio"):
                audio_src = audio_tag.get("src", "")
                markdown_audio = f"![audio:{audio_src}]({audio_src})"
                wrapper = soup.new_tag("media-wrapper")
                wrapper.string = markdown_audio
                audio_tag.replace_with(wrapper)

    def _process_links(self, soup: Any) -> None:
        """Processes the links in the HTML content.

        Args:
            soup (Any): Parsed HTML content using BeautifulSoup.
        """
        for a_tag in soup.find_all("a"):
            a_href = a_tag.get("href", "")
            a_text = a_tag.get_text(strip=True)
            markdown_link = f"[{a_text}]({a_href})"
            wrapper = soup.new_tag("link-wrapper")
            wrapper.string = markdown_link
            a_tag.replace_with(markdown_link)

    def _filter_tags(self, soup: Any) -> None:
        """Filters the HTML content based on the allowlist and denylist tags.

        Args:
            soup (Any): Parsed HTML content using BeautifulSoup.
        """
        if self._allowlist_tags:
            for tag in soup.find_all(True):
                if tag.name not in self._allowlist_tags:
                    tag.decompose()

        if self._denylist_tags:
            for tag in soup.find_all(self._denylist_tags):
                tag.decompose()

    def _normalize_and_clean_text(self, text: str) -> str:
        """Normalizes the text by removing extra spaces and newlines.

        Args:
            text (str): The text to be normalized.

        Returns:
            str: The normalized text.
        """
        if self._normalize_text:
            text = text.lower()
            text = re.sub(r"[^\w\s]", "", text)
            text = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text).strip()

        if self._stopword_removal:
            text = " ".join(
                [word for word in text.split() if word not in self._stopwords]
            )

        return text

    def _process_html(self, soup: Any) -> List[Document]:
        """Processes the HTML content using BeautifulSoup and splits it using headers.

        Args:
            soup (Any): Parsed HTML content using BeautifulSoup.

        Returns:
            List[Document]: A list of Document objects containing the split content.
        """
        documents: List[Document] = []
        current_headers: Dict[str, str] = {}
        current_content: List[str] = []
        preserved_elements: Dict[str, str] = {}
        placeholder_count: int = 0

        def _get_element_text(element: Any) -> str:
            """Recursively extracts and processes the text of an element.

            Applies custom handlers where applicable, and ensures correct spacing.

            Args:
                element (Any): The HTML element to process.

            Returns:
                str: The processed text of the element.
            """
            if element.name in self._custom_handlers:
                return self._custom_handlers[element.name](element)

            text = ""

            if element.name is not None:
                for child in element.children:
                    child_text = _get_element_text(child).strip()
                    if text and child_text:
                        text += " "
                    text += child_text
            elif element.string:
                text += element.string

            return self._normalize_and_clean_text(text)

        elements = soup.find_all(recursive=False)

        def _process_element(
            element: List[Any],
            documents: List[Document],
            current_headers: Dict[str, str],
            current_content: List[str],
            preserved_elements: Dict[str, str],
            placeholder_count: int,
        ) -> Tuple[List[Document], Dict[str, str], List[str], Dict[str, str], int]:
            for elem in element:
                if elem.name.lower() in ["html", "body", "div", "main"]:
                    children = elem.find_all(recursive=False)
                    (
                        documents,
                        current_headers,
                        current_content,
                        preserved_elements,
                        placeholder_count,
                    ) = _process_element(
                        children,
                        documents,
                        current_headers,
                        current_content,
                        preserved_elements,
                        placeholder_count,
                    )
                    continue

                if elem.name in [h[0] for h in self._headers_to_split_on]:
                    if current_content:
                        documents.extend(
                            self._create_documents(
                                current_headers,
                                " ".join(current_content),
                                preserved_elements,
                            )
                        )
                        current_content.clear()
                        preserved_elements.clear()
                    header_name = elem.get_text(strip=True)
                    current_headers = {
                        dict(self._headers_to_split_on)[elem.name]: header_name
                    }
                elif elem.name in self._elements_to_preserve:
                    placeholder = f"PRESERVED_{placeholder_count}"
                    preserved_elements[placeholder] = _get_element_text(elem)
                    current_content.append(placeholder)
                    placeholder_count += 1
                else:
                    content = _get_element_text(elem)
                    if content:
                        current_content.append(content)

            return (
                documents,
                current_headers,
                current_content,
                preserved_elements,
                placeholder_count,
            )

        # Process the elements
        (
            documents,
            current_headers,
            current_content,
            preserved_elements,
            placeholder_count,
        ) = _process_element(
            elements,
            documents,
            current_headers,
            current_content,
            preserved_elements,
            placeholder_count,
        )

        # Handle any remaining content
        if current_content:
            documents.extend(
                self._create_documents(
                    current_headers,
                    " ".join(current_content),
                    preserved_elements,
                )
            )

        return documents

    def _create_documents(
        self, headers: dict, content: str, preserved_elements: dict
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """Creates Document objects from the provided headers, content, and elements.

        Args:
            headers (dict): The headers to attach as metadata to the Document.
            content (str): The content of the Document.
            preserved_elements (dict): Preserved elements to be reinserted
            into the content.

        Returns:
            List[Document]: A list of Document objects.
        """
        content = re.sub(r"\s+", " ", content).strip()

        metadata = {**headers, **self._external_metadata}

        if len(content) <= self._max_chunk_size:
            page_content = self._reinsert_preserved_elements(
                content, preserved_elements
            )
            return [Document(page_content=page_content, metadata=metadata)]
        else:
            return self._further_split_chunk(content, metadata, preserved_elements)

    def _further_split_chunk(
        self, content: str, metadata: dict, preserved_elements: dict
    ) -> List[Document]:
        """Further splits the content into smaller chunks.

        Args:
            content (str): The content to be split.
            metadata (dict): Metadata to attach to each chunk.
            preserved_elements (dict): Preserved elements
            to be reinserted into each chunk.

        Returns:
            List[Document]: A list of Document objects containing the split content.
        """
        splits = self._recursive_splitter.split_text(content)
        result = []

        for split in splits:
            split_with_preserved = self._reinsert_preserved_elements(
                split, preserved_elements
            )
            if split_with_preserved.strip():
                result.append(
                    Document(
                        page_content=split_with_preserved.strip(),
                        metadata=metadata,
                    )
                )

        return result

    def _reinsert_preserved_elements(
        self, content: str, preserved_elements: dict
    ) -> str:
        """Reinserts preserved elements into the content into their original positions.

        Args:
            content (str): The content where placeholders need to be replaced.
            preserved_elements (dict): Preserved elements to be reinserted.

        Returns:
            str: The content with placeholders replaced by preserved elements.
        """
        for placeholder, preserved_content in preserved_elements.items():
            content = content.replace(placeholder, preserved_content.strip())
        return content


# %%