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README.md
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---
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license: gemma
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base_model: google/paligemma2-3b-pt-224
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tags:
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model-index:
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- name: paligemma2-3b-pathvqa
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---
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should probably proofread and complete it, then remove this comment. -->
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##
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- learning_rate: 2e-05
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- train_batch_size: 2
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- eval_batch_size: 8
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- seed: 42
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- gradient_accumulation_steps: 8
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- total_train_batch_size: 16
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- optimizer: Use OptimizerNames.ADAMW_TORCH_FUSED with betas=(0.9,0.999) and epsilon=1e-08 and optimizer_args=No additional optimizer arguments
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- lr_scheduler_type: cosine
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- lr_scheduler_warmup_steps: 50
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- num_epochs: 1
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---
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license: apache-2.0
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base_model: google/paligemma2-3b-pt-224
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tags:
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- paligemma
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- vision-language-model
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- vlm
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- medical-imaging
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- pathology
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- visual-question-answering
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- vqa
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- qlora
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- lora
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datasets:
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- flaviagiammarino/path-vqa
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pipeline_tag: image-text-to-text
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model-index:
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- name: paligemma2-3b-pathvqa
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results:
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- task:
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type: image-text-to-text
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name: Medical Pathology VQA
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dataset:
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name: Path-VQA
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type: flaviagiammarino/path-vqa
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split: train
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metrics:
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- type: loss
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value: 1.28
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name: Final Training Loss
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---
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# PaliGemma2-3B Path-VQA
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A **PaliGemma2-3B** vision-language model fine-tuned with **QLoRA** on the [Path-VQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flaviagiammarino/path-vqa) dataset for **medical pathology visual question answering**.
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Given a pathology slide image and a question, the model generates an answer about the tissue, cells, or pathological findings visible in the image.
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## What is Path-VQA?
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[Path-VQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flaviagiammarino/path-vqa) is a medical visual question answering dataset containing 32,632 question-answer pairs derived from 5,004 pathology images. The images include histology slides, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stains, immunohistochemistry stains, and other pathological preparations sourced from medical textbooks and the PEIR digital library.
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Questions range from simple identification ("What type of cell is shown?") to complex reasoning about pathological processes ("What do the areas of white chalky deposits represent?").
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## Training Details
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| Parameter | Value |
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|-----------|-------|
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| **Base model** | [google/paligemma2-3b-pt-224](https://huggingface.co/google/paligemma2-3b-pt-224) |
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| **Method** | SFT with QLoRA (4-bit NF4, LoRA r=16, alpha=32) |
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| **Dataset** | [flaviagiammarino/path-vqa](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flaviagiammarino/path-vqa) (train split) |
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| **Training examples** | 19,654 image-question-answer triplets |
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| **Trainable parameters** | 23.7M / 3.05B total (0.78%) |
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| **Hardware** | NVIDIA RTX 5090 (32GB VRAM) |
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| **Training time** | ~48 minutes |
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| **Epochs** | 1 |
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| **Effective batch size** | 16 (2 per device x 8 gradient accumulation) |
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| **Learning rate** | 2e-5 (cosine schedule, 50 warmup steps) |
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| **Precision** | bf16 compute, 4-bit NF4 base weights |
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| **Framework** | Transformers 5.3.0 + PEFT 0.18.1 + bitsandbytes |
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## Training Curves
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- **Training Loss**: Dropped from 3.5 to ~1.3 over 1,228 steps, showing clear learning
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- **Learning Rate**: Cosine decay from 2e-5 to 0 with 50-step warmup
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- **Gradient Norm**: Started around 2.0, decreased to ~1.0 mid-training, then gradually increased late in training (normal for single-epoch runs as the model encounters harder examples)
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## Example Use Cases
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This model can answer questions about pathology images such as:
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- "Where are liver stem cells (oval cells) located?" -> "in the canals of hering"
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- "What are stained here with an immunohistochemical stain for cytokeratin 7?" -> "bile duct cells and canals of hering"
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- "What do the areas of white chalky deposits represent?" -> "foci of fat necrosis"
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## Usage
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```python
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from transformers import AutoProcessor, PaliGemmaForConditionalGeneration
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from peft import PeftModel
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from PIL import Image
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import torch
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# Load base model + adapter
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base_model = PaliGemmaForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
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"google/paligemma2-3b-pt-224",
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torch_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
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device_map="auto",
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)
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model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base_model, "usama10/paligemma2-3b-pathvqa")
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processor = AutoProcessor.from_pretrained("usama10/paligemma2-3b-pathvqa")
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# Load an image and ask a question
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image = Image.open("pathology_slide.png").convert("RGB")
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prompt = "answer What type of tissue is shown in this image?"
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inputs = processor(images=image, text=prompt, return_tensors="pt").to(model.device)
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with torch.no_grad():
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outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_new_tokens=64)
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answer = processor.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
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print(answer)
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```
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### With 4-bit Quantization (lower memory)
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```python
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from transformers import BitsAndBytesConfig
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bnb_config = BitsAndBytesConfig(
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load_in_4bit=True,
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bnb_4bit_quant_type="nf4",
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bnb_4bit_compute_dtype=torch.bfloat16,
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)
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base_model = PaliGemmaForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
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"google/paligemma2-3b-pt-224",
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quantization_config=bnb_config,
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device_map="auto",
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)
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model = PeftModel.from_pretrained(base_model, "usama10/paligemma2-3b-pathvqa")
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```
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## Prompt Format
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PaliGemma uses a specific prompt format. For VQA tasks, prefix the question with `answer`:
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```
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answer What type of cell is shown in this image?
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```
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The model will generate the answer text directly.
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## Dataset
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The [Path-VQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flaviagiammarino/path-vqa) dataset contains:
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- **19,654 training** / **6,259 validation** / **6,719 test** question-answer pairs
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- **5,004 unique pathology images** (some in CMYK format, auto-converted to RGB during training)
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- Mix of open-ended and yes/no questions covering cell identification, tissue classification, stain interpretation, and pathological process recognition
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- Sourced from medical textbooks and the PEIR digital library
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- MIT license
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## Limitations
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- Trained for 1 epoch only; additional epochs would likely improve accuracy
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- The base model (PaliGemma2-3B) uses 224x224 image resolution, which may lose fine-grained detail in high-resolution pathology slides
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- QLoRA training introduces some quantization noise compared to full-precision fine-tuning
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- This model is for research and educational purposes only and should NOT be used for clinical diagnosis
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- Performance on out-of-distribution pathology images (different staining methods, magnifications, or tissue types not in Path-VQA) may be limited
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- LoRA adapter requires the base PaliGemma2-3B model for inference
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