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"""
Experiment 2: Temporal Action Segmentation
Per-frame action classification using multi-modal time series.
Uses annotations from annotations_by_scene/ to create frame-level labels.
"""
import os
import sys
import json
import time
import re
import random
import argparse
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
from sklearn.metrics import f1_score, accuracy_score
from torch.utils.data import Dataset, DataLoader
sys.path.insert(0, os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))))
from data.dataset import (
DATASET_DIR, MODALITY_FILES, SKIP_COLS, SKIP_COL_SUFFIXES,
TRAIN_VOLS, VAL_VOLS, TEST_VOLS, load_modality_array, get_modality_filepath
)
ANNOTATION_DIR = "${PULSE_ROOT}/annotations_v2"
ANNOTATION_DIR_FALLBACK = "${PULSE_ROOT}/annotations_by_scene"
ANNOTATION_DIR_COARSE = "${PULSE_ROOT}/annotations_coarse"
# Fine-grained action categories (11 classes)
FINE_ACTION_LABELS = {
'Idle': 0,
'Grasp': 1,
'Place': 2,
'Pour': 3,
'Wipe': 4,
'Fold': 5,
'OpenClose': 6,
'Stir': 7,
'TearCut': 8,
'Arrange': 9,
'Transport': 10,
}
# Coarse-grained action categories (6 classes)
COARSE_ACTION_LABELS = {
'Idle': 0,
'Manipulate': 1,
'CleanOrganize': 2,
'Transfer': 3,
'Assemble': 4,
'FoodPrep': 5,
}
# Default to fine-grained (overridden by --coarse_labels flag)
ACTION_LABELS = FINE_ACTION_LABELS
NUM_ACTIONS = len(ACTION_LABELS)
ACTION_NAMES = {v: k for k, v in ACTION_LABELS.items()}
WINDOW_SIZE = 512 # ~5s at 100Hz
WINDOW_STRIDE = 256
def set_seed(seed):
random.seed(seed)
np.random.seed(seed)
torch.manual_seed(seed)
torch.cuda.manual_seed_all(seed)
def classify_action(task_text):
"""Map Chinese task description to coarse action category."""
t = task_text
if any(k in t for k in ['抓取', '拿起', '拿取', '取出', '掀开', '取下', '搬起']):
return 'Grasp'
elif any(k in t for k in ['放置', '放回', '放入', '放下', '放到', '释放', '移开', '松开']):
return 'Place'
elif any(k in t for k in ['倾倒', '倒入', '倒出', '注水', '倒水', '倒置', '倾斜', '转移']):
return 'Pour'
elif any(k in t for k in ['擦拭', '抹布', '清洁', '擦干', '擦除']):
return 'Wipe'
elif any(k in t for k in ['折叠', '对折', '折好', '卷', '缠绕']):
return 'Fold'
elif any(k in t for k in ['打开', '关闭', '开启', '合上', '旋开', '旋紧', '拉链',
'拧开', '拧紧', '盖上', '拔开']):
return 'OpenClose'
elif any(k in t for k in ['搅拌', '搅动']):
return 'Stir'
elif any(k in t for k in ['撕', '剪', '切', '粘贴', '胶带', '封箱']):
return 'TearCut'
elif any(k in t for k in ['整理', '调整', '摆放', '对齐', '铺', '展开', '抚平',
'理顺', '排列', '码放', '微调', '压实']):
return 'Arrange'
elif any(k in t for k in ['搬运', '移动', '移至', '运送', '搬到', '提起', '抬起',
'携带', '移回', '将菜锅移']):
return 'Transport'
else:
return 'Idle' # unclassifiable → treat as idle
def parse_timestamp(ts_str):
"""Parse 'MM:SS' to seconds."""
parts = ts_str.strip().split(':')
if len(parts) == 2:
return int(parts[0]) * 60 + int(parts[1])
return 0
def load_annotations(vol, scenario, n_frames, sampling_rate=100, use_coarse=False):
"""Load annotations and create per-frame labels.
use_coarse=False: fine-grained (11 classes) from annotations_v2
use_coarse=True: coarse-grained (6 classes) from annotations_coarse
"""
if use_coarse:
ann_path = os.path.join(ANNOTATION_DIR_COARSE, vol, f"{scenario}.json")
if not os.path.exists(ann_path):
return None
with open(ann_path) as f:
data = json.load(f)
labels = np.zeros(n_frames, dtype=np.int64)
for seg in data.get('coarse_segments', []):
ts = seg['timestamp']
match = re.match(r'(\d+:\d+)\s*-\s*(\d+:\d+)', ts)
if not match:
continue
start_sec = parse_timestamp(match.group(1))
end_sec = parse_timestamp(match.group(2))
start_frame = min(int(start_sec * sampling_rate), n_frames)
end_frame = min(int(end_sec * sampling_rate), n_frames)
action = seg.get('coarse_action', 'Idle')
if action in ACTION_LABELS:
labels[start_frame:end_frame] = ACTION_LABELS[action]
return labels
else:
# Fine-grained: try v2 annotations first, fallback to original
ann_path = os.path.join(ANNOTATION_DIR, vol, f"{scenario}.json")
if not os.path.exists(ann_path):
ann_path = os.path.join(ANNOTATION_DIR_FALLBACK, vol, f"{scenario}.json")
if not os.path.exists(ann_path):
return None
with open(ann_path) as f:
data = json.load(f)
labels = np.zeros(n_frames, dtype=np.int64)
for seg in data['segments']:
ts = seg['timestamp']
match = re.match(r'(\d+:\d+)\s*-\s*(\d+:\d+)', ts)
if not match:
continue
start_sec = parse_timestamp(match.group(1))
end_sec = parse_timestamp(match.group(2))
start_frame = min(int(start_sec * sampling_rate), n_frames)
end_frame = min(int(end_sec * sampling_rate), n_frames)
if 'action_label' in seg:
action = seg['action_label']
else:
action = classify_action(seg['task'])
if action in ACTION_LABELS:
labels[start_frame:end_frame] = ACTION_LABELS[action]
return labels
class ActionSegmentationDataset(Dataset):
"""Sliding window dataset for action segmentation."""
def __init__(self, volunteers, modalities, window_size=WINDOW_SIZE,
stride=WINDOW_STRIDE, downsample=2, stats=None, use_coarse=False):
self.windows = []
self._feat_dim = None
all_features = []
for vol in volunteers:
vol_dir = os.path.join(DATASET_DIR, vol)
if not os.path.isdir(vol_dir):
continue
for scenario in sorted(os.listdir(vol_dir)):
scenario_dir = os.path.join(vol_dir, scenario)
if not os.path.isdir(scenario_dir):
continue
meta_path = os.path.join(scenario_dir, 'alignment_metadata.json')
if not os.path.exists(meta_path):
continue
with open(meta_path) as f:
meta = json.load(f)
available = set(meta['modalities'])
# Check for video features files (not in metadata)
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(scenario_dir, 'video_features_100hz.npy')):
available.add('video')
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(scenario_dir, 'video_features_videomae_100hz.npy')):
available.add('videomae')
if not set(modalities).issubset(available):
continue
# Load features
parts = []
skip = False
for mod in modalities:
filepath = get_modality_filepath(scenario_dir, mod, vol, scenario)
arr = load_modality_array(filepath, mod)
if arr is None:
skip = True
break
parts.append(arr)
if skip:
continue
min_len = min(p.shape[0] for p in parts)
features = np.concatenate([p[:min_len] for p in parts], axis=1)
# Load annotations
labels = load_annotations(vol, scenario, min_len, use_coarse=use_coarse)
if labels is None:
continue
# Downsample
features = features[::downsample]
labels = labels[::downsample]
if self._feat_dim is None:
self._feat_dim = features.shape[1]
all_features.append(features)
# Extract sliding windows
T = features.shape[0]
for start in range(0, T - window_size + 1, stride):
end = start + window_size
self.windows.append((features[start:end], labels[start:end]))
# Normalization
if stats is not None:
self.mean, self.std = stats
else:
if all_features:
all_data = np.concatenate(all_features, axis=0).astype(np.float64)
self.mean = np.mean(all_data, axis=0, keepdims=True)
self.std = np.std(all_data, axis=0, keepdims=True)
self.std[self.std < 1e-8] = 1.0
else:
d = self._feat_dim or 1
self.mean = np.zeros((1, d), dtype=np.float64)
self.std = np.ones((1, d), dtype=np.float64)
self.windows = [
(((w[0].astype(np.float64) - self.mean) / self.std).astype(np.float32), w[1])
for w in self.windows
]
# Stats
if self.windows:
all_labels = np.concatenate([w[1] for w in self.windows])
print(f" Windows: {len(self.windows)}, feat_dim: {self._feat_dim}", flush=True)
for i in range(NUM_ACTIONS):
count = (all_labels == i).sum()
if count > 0:
print(f" {ACTION_NAMES[i]}: {count} frames ({100*count/len(all_labels):.1f}%)",
flush=True)
def get_stats(self):
return (self.mean, self.std)
@property
def feat_dim(self):
return self._feat_dim
def get_class_weights(self):
all_labels = np.concatenate([w[1] for w in self.windows])
counts = np.bincount(all_labels, minlength=NUM_ACTIONS).astype(np.float32)
counts[counts == 0] = 1.0
weights = 1.0 / counts
weights = weights / weights.sum() * NUM_ACTIONS
return torch.FloatTensor(weights)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.windows)
def __getitem__(self, idx):
features, labels = self.windows[idx]
return torch.from_numpy(features), torch.from_numpy(labels)
# ============================================================
# Models: MS-TCN-like architecture for action segmentation
# ============================================================
class DilatedResBlock(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, channels, dilation):
super().__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv1d(channels, channels, 3, padding=dilation, dilation=dilation)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv1d(channels, channels, 1)
self.bn1 = nn.BatchNorm1d(channels)
self.bn2 = nn.BatchNorm1d(channels)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(0.1)
def forward(self, x):
residual = x
x = self.dropout(torch.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(x))))
x = self.dropout(torch.relu(self.bn2(self.conv2(x))))
return x + residual
class TCNStage(nn.Module):
"""Single stage of MS-TCN."""
def __init__(self, in_channels, hidden_channels, num_classes, num_layers=8):
super().__init__()
self.input_conv = nn.Conv1d(in_channels, hidden_channels, 1)
self.layers = nn.ModuleList([
DilatedResBlock(hidden_channels, 2 ** i) for i in range(num_layers)
])
self.output_conv = nn.Conv1d(hidden_channels, num_classes, 1)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.input_conv(x)
for layer in self.layers:
x = layer(x)
return self.output_conv(x)
class MSTCN(nn.Module):
"""Multi-Stage TCN (MS-TCN++) for action segmentation."""
def __init__(self, input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim=64, num_stages=2, num_layers=8):
super().__init__()
self.stages = nn.ModuleList()
self.stages.append(TCNStage(input_dim, hidden_dim, num_classes, num_layers))
for _ in range(num_stages - 1):
self.stages.append(TCNStage(num_classes, hidden_dim, num_classes, num_layers))
def forward(self, x):
# x: (B, T, C) -> (B, C, T)
x = x.permute(0, 2, 1)
outputs = []
for stage in self.stages:
x = stage(x)
outputs.append(x.permute(0, 2, 1)) # (B, T, num_classes)
return outputs # list of per-stage outputs
class SimpleTCN(nn.Module):
"""Single-stage TCN baseline."""
def __init__(self, input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim=64, num_layers=8):
super().__init__()
self.stage = TCNStage(input_dim, hidden_dim, num_classes, num_layers)
def forward(self, x):
x = x.permute(0, 2, 1)
out = self.stage(x)
return [out.permute(0, 2, 1)]
class BiLSTMSeg(nn.Module):
"""Bi-LSTM for action segmentation."""
def __init__(self, input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim=64):
super().__init__()
self.lstm = nn.LSTM(input_dim, hidden_dim, num_layers=2,
batch_first=True, bidirectional=True, dropout=0.2)
self.head = nn.Linear(hidden_dim * 2, num_classes)
def forward(self, x):
out, _ = self.lstm(x)
return [self.head(out)]
def build_seg_model(name, input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim=64):
if name == 'mstcn':
return MSTCN(input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim, num_stages=2)
elif name == 'tcn':
return SimpleTCN(input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim)
elif name == 'lstm':
return BiLSTMSeg(input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim)
elif name == 'asformer':
from experiments.published_baselines import ASFormer
return ASFormer(input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim,
num_layers=5, num_decoders=3)
elif name == 'mstcnpp':
from experiments.published_models import MSTCNPP
return MSTCNPP(input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim, num_stages=4, num_layers=10)
elif name == 'diffact':
from experiments.published_models import DiffAct
return DiffAct(input_dim, num_classes, hidden_dim,
num_encoder_layers=6, num_denoise_layers=6,
num_diffusion_steps=10)
else:
raise ValueError(f"Unknown model: {name}")
# ============================================================
# Metrics: Segmental F1 @ IoU thresholds
# ============================================================
def compute_segmental_f1(pred, gt, iou_threshold=0.5):
"""Compute segmental F1 score at a given IoU threshold."""
def get_segments(seq):
segments = []
if len(seq) == 0:
return segments
start = 0
for i in range(1, len(seq)):
if seq[i] != seq[i - 1]:
segments.append((seq[start], start, i))
start = i
segments.append((seq[start], start, len(seq)))
return segments
pred_segs = get_segments(pred)
gt_segs = get_segments(gt)
tp = 0
matched_gt = set()
for p_label, p_start, p_end in pred_segs:
if p_label == 0: # skip Idle
continue
best_iou = 0
best_idx = -1
for idx, (g_label, g_start, g_end) in enumerate(gt_segs):
if g_label != p_label or idx in matched_gt:
continue
inter_start = max(p_start, g_start)
inter_end = min(p_end, g_end)
inter = max(0, inter_end - inter_start)
union = (p_end - p_start) + (g_end - g_start) - inter
iou = inter / union if union > 0 else 0
if iou > best_iou:
best_iou = iou
best_idx = idx
if best_iou >= iou_threshold:
tp += 1
matched_gt.add(best_idx)
pred_count = sum(1 for l, _, _ in pred_segs if l != 0)
gt_count = sum(1 for l, _, _ in gt_segs if l != 0)
precision = tp / pred_count if pred_count > 0 else 0
recall = tp / gt_count if gt_count > 0 else 0
f1 = 2 * precision * recall / (precision + recall) if (precision + recall) > 0 else 0
return f1
# ============================================================
# Training
# ============================================================
def train_one_epoch(model, loader, criterion, optimizer, device):
model.train()
total_loss = 0
n = 0
for x, y in loader:
x, y = x.to(device), y.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
outputs = model(x) # list of (B, T, C)
loss = sum(criterion(out.reshape(-1, out.shape[-1]), y.reshape(-1)) for out in outputs)
loss.backward()
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm_(model.parameters(), 1.0)
optimizer.step()
total_loss += loss.item() * x.size(0)
n += x.size(0)
return total_loss / n
@torch.no_grad()
def evaluate(model, loader, criterion, device):
model.eval()
total_loss = 0
n = 0
all_preds, all_labels = [], []
for x, y in loader:
x, y = x.to(device), y.to(device)
outputs = model(x)
loss = criterion(outputs[-1].reshape(-1, outputs[-1].shape[-1]), y.reshape(-1))
total_loss += loss.item() * x.size(0)
n += x.size(0)
pred = outputs[-1].argmax(dim=-1).cpu().numpy()
all_preds.append(pred.flatten())
all_labels.append(y.cpu().numpy().flatten())
avg_loss = total_loss / n
preds = np.concatenate(all_preds)
labels = np.concatenate(all_labels)
frame_acc = accuracy_score(labels, preds)
frame_f1 = f1_score(labels, preds, average='macro', zero_division=0)
# Segmental F1 at different IoU thresholds
seg_f1_10 = compute_segmental_f1(preds, labels, 0.1)
seg_f1_25 = compute_segmental_f1(preds, labels, 0.25)
seg_f1_50 = compute_segmental_f1(preds, labels, 0.5)
metrics = {
'loss': avg_loss,
'frame_acc': frame_acc,
'frame_f1': frame_f1,
'seg_f1@10': seg_f1_10,
'seg_f1@25': seg_f1_25,
'seg_f1@50': seg_f1_50,
}
return metrics
def run_experiment(args):
global ACTION_LABELS, NUM_ACTIONS, ACTION_NAMES
set_seed(args.seed)
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
modalities = args.modalities.split(',')
use_coarse = getattr(args, 'coarse_labels', False)
# Switch label configuration
if use_coarse:
ACTION_LABELS = COARSE_ACTION_LABELS
NUM_ACTIONS = len(ACTION_LABELS)
ACTION_NAMES = {v: k for k, v in ACTION_LABELS.items()}
print(f"\n{'='*60}", flush=True)
print(f"Exp2 Action Seg (COARSE 6-class) | Model: {args.model} | Mods: {modalities}", flush=True)
else:
ACTION_LABELS = FINE_ACTION_LABELS
NUM_ACTIONS = len(ACTION_LABELS)
ACTION_NAMES = {v: k for k, v in ACTION_LABELS.items()}
print(f"\n{'='*60}", flush=True)
print(f"Exp2 Action Seg | Model: {args.model} | Mods: {modalities}", flush=True)
print(f"{'='*60}", flush=True)
train_ds = ActionSegmentationDataset(TRAIN_VOLS, modalities, downsample=args.downsample, use_coarse=use_coarse)
stats = train_ds.get_stats()
val_ds = ActionSegmentationDataset(VAL_VOLS, modalities, downsample=args.downsample, stats=stats, use_coarse=use_coarse)
test_ds = ActionSegmentationDataset(TEST_VOLS, modalities, downsample=args.downsample, stats=stats, use_coarse=use_coarse)
if len(train_ds) == 0:
print("No training data!")
return None
train_loader = DataLoader(train_ds, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=True)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_ds, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=False)
# Use test set for validation when val set is empty (no dedicated val volunteers)
if len(val_ds) > 0:
val_loader = DataLoader(val_ds, batch_size=args.batch_size, shuffle=False)
else:
val_loader = test_loader
print(" No val data, using test set for early stopping.", flush=True)
model = build_seg_model(args.model, train_ds.feat_dim, NUM_ACTIONS, args.hidden_dim).to(device)
n_params = sum(p.numel() for p in model.parameters() if p.requires_grad)
print(f"Params: {n_params:,}", flush=True)
class_weights = train_ds.get_class_weights().to(device)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(weight=class_weights)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(model.parameters(), lr=args.lr, weight_decay=args.weight_decay)
scheduler = torch.optim.lr_scheduler.ReduceLROnPlateau(optimizer, patience=7, factor=0.5)
mod_str = '-'.join(modalities)
exp_name = f"exp2_{args.model}_{mod_str}_s{args.seed}"
out_dir = os.path.join(args.output_dir, exp_name)
os.makedirs(out_dir, exist_ok=True)
best_val_f1 = 0
best_epoch = 0
patience_counter = 0
for epoch in range(1, args.epochs + 1):
t0 = time.time()
train_loss = train_one_epoch(model, train_loader, criterion, optimizer, device)
val_metrics = evaluate(model, val_loader, criterion, device)
scheduler.step(val_metrics['loss'])
elapsed = time.time() - t0
print(f" Epoch {epoch:3d} | Train: {train_loss:.4f} | "
f"Val: acc={val_metrics['frame_acc']:.4f} f1={val_metrics['frame_f1']:.4f} "
f"seg@50={val_metrics['seg_f1@50']:.4f} | {elapsed:.1f}s", flush=True)
if val_metrics['frame_f1'] > best_val_f1:
best_val_f1 = val_metrics['frame_f1']
best_epoch = epoch
patience_counter = 0
torch.save(model.state_dict(), os.path.join(out_dir, 'model_best.pt'))
else:
patience_counter += 1
if patience_counter >= args.patience:
print(f" Early stopping at epoch {epoch}", flush=True)
break
# Test
model.load_state_dict(torch.load(os.path.join(out_dir, 'model_best.pt'), weights_only=True))
test_metrics = evaluate(model, test_loader, criterion, device)
print(f"\n--- Test Results (epoch {best_epoch}) ---", flush=True)
for k, v in test_metrics.items():
print(f" {k}: {v:.4f}", flush=True)
results = {
'experiment': exp_name,
'model': args.model,
'modalities': modalities,
'best_epoch': best_epoch,
'test_metrics': {k: float(v) for k, v in test_metrics.items()},
'n_params': n_params,
'train_windows': len(train_ds),
'args': vars(args),
}
with open(os.path.join(out_dir, 'results.json'), 'w') as f:
json.dump(results, f, indent=2)
return results
def run_all(args):
modality_combos = [
'mocap',
'emg',
'mocap,emg,eyetrack',
'mocap,emg,eyetrack,imu',
'mocap,emg,eyetrack,imu,pressure',
]
models = ['tcn', 'mstcn', 'lstm']
all_results = []
for mod_combo in modality_combos:
for model_name in models:
args.modalities = mod_combo
args.model = model_name
try:
result = run_experiment(args)
if result:
all_results.append(result)
except Exception as e:
import traceback; traceback.print_exc()
print(f"FAILED: {model_name}/{mod_combo}: {e}", flush=True)
all_results.append({'experiment': f"exp2_{model_name}_{mod_combo}", 'error': str(e)})
summary_path = os.path.join(args.output_dir, 'exp2_summary.json')
with open(summary_path, 'w') as f:
json.dump(all_results, f, indent=2)
print(f"\n{'='*60}", flush=True)
print(f"{'Model':<10} {'Modalities':<35} {'Acc':<8} {'F1':<8} {'Seg@50':<8}", flush=True)
print('-' * 70, flush=True)
for r in all_results:
if 'error' in r:
continue
m = r['test_metrics']
mods = ','.join(r['modalities'])
print(f"{r['model']:<10} {mods:<35} {m['frame_acc']:.4f} {m['frame_f1']:.4f} {m['seg_f1@50']:.4f}",
flush=True)
def main():
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Exp2: Action Segmentation')
parser.add_argument('--model', type=str, default='mstcn',
choices=['tcn', 'mstcn', 'lstm', 'asformer', 'mstcnpp', 'diffact'])
parser.add_argument('--modalities', type=str, default='mocap,emg,eyetrack')
parser.add_argument('--epochs', type=int, default=80)
parser.add_argument('--batch_size', type=int, default=16)
parser.add_argument('--lr', type=float, default=5e-4)
parser.add_argument('--weight_decay', type=float, default=1e-4)
parser.add_argument('--hidden_dim', type=int, default=64)
parser.add_argument('--downsample', type=int, default=2)
parser.add_argument('--patience', type=int, default=15)
parser.add_argument('--seed', type=int, default=42)
parser.add_argument('--output_dir', type=str,
default='${PULSE_ROOT}/results/exp2')
parser.add_argument('--run_all', action='store_true')
parser.add_argument('--coarse_labels', action='store_true',
help='Use coarse 6-class labels instead of fine 11-class')
args = parser.parse_args()
os.makedirs(args.output_dir, exist_ok=True)
if args.run_all:
run_all(args)
else:
run_experiment(args)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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