samples/dpo_comparisons.sample.jsonl

{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: System And Method For Managing Game-Playing Experiences\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\nHuman beings naturally enjoy interacting in social groups, mutually sharing their knowledge and experience, as well as exhibiting competitive behaviour in order to define a hierarchy of respect within the social groups. Such interaction occurs in many different contexts, amongst which are included competitive sports and competitive games, including electronic games requiring player skill and aptitude. Within a given social group, it is not sufficient for a given individual merely to try to assert their position within a given hierarchy of the given social group, but requires evidence of a given degree of skill in playing games having been achieved. Similar parallels are to be found in physical sports by awarding of medals in recognition of independently-verified performance having been achieved, for example Olympic gold medals. Electronic games are susceptible to being played within social groups, either with multiple users playing temporally simultaneously or by multiple users playing at mutually different times and then comparing their attained results, for example highest achieved scores, when playing the electronic games. However, merely comparing attained scores is not regarded socially as being most exciting, whereas highlights of game-playing resulting in highest achieved scores being achieved both proves attainment of the highest scores, as well as being inspiration to other players for improving their skills and game playing technique. In practice, considerable time is potentially expended playing electronic games, such that recording such game-playing experiences results in considerable recorded content, which, for example, needs to be edited to filter out therefrom game playing highlights which might be of interest and inspiration to other players of the game. At present, facilities for providing such identification of highlights are not sufficiently well developed. In U.S. Pat. No. 81,387,104B, there is described a system and method for creating, editing, and sharing video content pertaining to video game events. The method results in a relatively limited amount of metadata associated with video content pertaining to video game events being generated for enabling the events to be edited and shared with other users. For example, one set of metadata is generated which describes a game-playing encounter, instead of a stream of metadata events; the set of metadata allows mapping of metadata events directly to a timeline through one or more timestamps included in the set of metadata, thereby enabling features beneficial to implementing automated editing of recorded video content to identify interesting moments within the recorded video content based in the set of metadata. Thus, summarizing above, sharing game-playing experiences of an original player as multiple linked streams of video content, audio content and game data enables other players to replay and thereby appreciate the original player's game-playing experiences. For contemporary electronic games, it takes a long time to replay gaming-experiences for many such games, resulting in recorded game-playing experiences of long viewing duration. Moreover, a problem encountered in practice is that it is difficult and time-consuming for a given player to edit his/her game-playing experience to include only certain types of events, for example based upon their potential interest or appeal to other players to whom the game-playing experience is to be presented. Moreover, it is also difficult for other players replaying game-playing experiences of other players to discover relevant game-playing experiences, or sub-parts thereof, by reviewing algebraic or social recommendations that are imprecise or difficult to interpret. Furthermore, contemporary searching for interesting game-playing experiences is difficult because game-playing experiences can only be searched using text descriptions entered manually by a given player desirable to appreciate other players' experiences. Additionally, even if the aforesaid difficulties are overcome, it is difficult to navigate within a given game-playing experience identified by aforementioned searching, to find interesting parts to watch.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nA system for managing game-playing experiences includes one or more game-playing devices provided with communication interfaces for exchanging game-playing experiences therebetween. Each device includes computing hardware coupled to a graphical interface for presenting an interactive game thereupon. The computing hardware is operable to execute one or more game software products recorded on machine-readable data storage media for generating the interactive game. The one or more game software products include a game experience software module (GESW) for generating metadata concurrently with recording the game-playing experience substantially as presented via the graphical interface which enables the recorded game-playing experience to be subsequently managed prior to communication for distribution for viewing. Optionally, the metadata includes one or more metadata events which are searchable when subsequently viewing the game-playing experience."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A system for managing game-playing experiences, comprising:\na game playing device configured to execute an interactive computer game, record an execution of the computer game and record an image of a user of the game playing device during execution of the computer game, the recorded execution of the computer game and image of the user during execution of the computer game comprising a gameplay experience;\nanother game playing device configured to record a gameplay experience;\na communication interface for exchanging game-playing experiences between the game playing devices;\nthe game playing devices comprising computing hardware coupled to a graphical interface for presenting the interactive computer game thereupon, and wherein the computing hardware is configured to execute a game software product recorded on machine-readable data storage;\nthe one or more game software products include a game experience software module (GESW) for generating metadata concurrently with recording the game-playing experience substantially as presented via the graphical interface which enables the recorded game-playing experience to be subsequently managed prior to communication for distribution for viewing.\n\n2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metadata is generated by the user or generated automatically by the game experience software module.\n\n3. The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the metadata is recording during execution of the interactive computer game.\n\n4. The system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the metadata includes timestamps for synchronizing with timestamps included in the recorded game-playing experience.\n\n5. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the metadata is configured to describe a corresponding game-playing experience; edit the game-playing experience; annotate the game-playing experience; highlight the game-playing experience; to execute searches; navigate contents of the game-playing experience; share the game-playing experience; describe the user through his gameplay in one or multiple games; and recommend to a user interesting other users or game-play experiences that are relevant based on the metadata collected about users and game-play experiences and correlations between them.\n\n6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metadata is linked to the user that generated the game-playing experience and an interactive game from which the metadata was recorded.\n\n7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the game experience software module includes computer executable instructions, that when executed by the computing hardware are configured to:\nrecord multiple streams of data corresponding to the game playing experience comprising a video content corresponding to the game playing experience, an audio content corresponding to the game playing experience, a video content of the user captured using a camera recording device during execution of the interactive computer game, screen shots of the execution of the interactive game including graphical user interface elements, and a stream of metadata events corresponding to the game playing experience.\n\n8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metadata includes one or more metadata events which are searchable when subsequently searching for gameplay experiences and while viewing the game-playing experience.\n\n9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication interfaces are configured to communicate the recorded game-playing experience via a database arrangement for selective distribution therefrom to viewers.\n\n10. The system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the database arrangement is configured to generate one or more social groups of users and related properties for selective distribution of game-playing experiences therebetween.\n\n11. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the devices are implemented using at least one of: smart telephones, pad computers, tablet computers, lap-top computers, personal computers, game-playing consoles.\n\n12. A method of managing game-playing experiences in a system, wherein the system includes one or more game-playing devices provided with communication interfaces for exchanging game-playing experiences therebetween, wherein each device includes computing hardware coupled to a graphical interface for presenting an interactive game thereupon, and wherein the computing hardware is configured to execute one or more game software products including a game experience software module recorded on machine-readable data storage media for generating the interactive game, wherein the method comprises:\nrecording an execution of the computer game and an image of a user of the game playing device during execution of the computer game on a recording device of the game playing device, the recorded execution of the computer game and image of the user during execution of the computer game comprising a gameplay experience;\nusing the game experience software module to generate metadata concurrently with recording the game-playing experience substantially as presented via the graphical interface for enabling the recorded game-playing experience to be subsequently managed prior to communication for distribution for viewing.\n\n13. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising arranging for the metadata to include timestamps for synchronizing with timestamps included in the recorded game-playing experience.\n\n14. A method as claimed in claim 13, comprising arranging for the metadata to include one or more metadata events which are searchable when subsequently searching for gameplay experiences and while viewing the game-playing experience.\n\n15. A method as claimed in claim 14, comprising generating one or more metadata events automatically by the game experience software module (GESW).\n\n16. A method as claimed in claim 12, comprising operating the communication interfaces to communicate recorded game-playing experiences via a database arrangement for selective distribution therefrom to viewers.\n\n17. A method as claimed in claim 16, comprising operating the database arrangement to generate one or more social groups of users and related properties for selective distribution of game-playing experiences therebetween.\n\n18. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the devices comprise one or more of smart telephones, pad computers, tablet computers, lap-top computers, personal computers or game-playing consoles.\n\n19. A software product (GESW) recorded on machine-readable data storage media, wherein the software product is executable upon computing hardware for implementing a method as claimed in claim 12.\n\n20. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising filtering and editing the recorded game-play experience prior to broadcasting the recording game-play experience to others by splitting the recorded game-playing experience into segments, where each segment is associated with a metadata event, the metadata event defining a starting point and an ending point of the segment and an annotation of the segment.\n\n21. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising:\nrecord multiple streams of linked data corresponding to the game playing experience, the multiple streams of linked data comprising a video content corresponding to the game playing experience, an audio content corresponding to the game playing experience, a video content of the user captured using a camera recording device during execution of the interactive computer game, and screen shots of the execution of the interactive game including graphical user interface elements; and\nrecording a stream of metadata events corresponding to the game playing experience concurrently with the recording of the multiple streams of linked data."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A system for managing game-playing experiences, comprising:\na game playing device configured to execute an interactive computer game, record an execution of the computer game and record an image of a user of the game playing device during execution of the computer game, the recorded execution of the computer game and image of the user during execution of the computer game comprising a gameplay experience;\nanother game playing device configured to record a gameplay experience;\na communication interface for exchanging game-playing experiences between the game playing devices;\nthe game playing devices comprising computing hardware coupled to a graphical interface for presenting the interactive computer game thereupon, and wherein the computing hardware is configured to execute a game software product recorded on machine-readable data storage;\nthe one or more game software products include a game experience software module (GESW) for generating metadata concurrently with recording the game-playing experience substantially as presented via the graphical interface which enables the recorded game-playing experience to be subsequently managed prior to communication for distribution for viewing.\n\n2. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metadata is generated by the user or generated automatically by the game experience software module.\n\n3. The system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the metadata is recording during execution of the interactive computer game.\n\n4. The system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the metadata includes timestamps for synchronizing with timestamps included in the recorded game-playing experience.\n\n5. The system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the metadata is configured to describe a corresponding game-playing experience; edit the game-playing experience; annotate the game-playing experience; highlight the game-playing experience; to execute searches; navigate contents of the game-playing experience; share the game-playing experience; describe the user through his gameplay in one or multiple games; and recommend to a user interesting other users or game-play experiences that are relevant based on the metadata collected about users and game-play experiences and correlations between them.\n\n6. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metadata is linked to the user that generated the game-playing experience and an interactive game from which the metadata was recorded.\n\n7. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the game experience software module includes computer executable instructions, that when executed by the computing hardware are configured to:\nrecord multiple streams of data corresponding to the game playing experience comprising a video content corresponding to the game playing experience, an audio content corresponding to the game playing experience, a video content of the user captured using a camera recording device during execution of the interactive computer game, screen shots of the execution of the interactive game including graphical user interface elements, and a stream of metadata events corresponding to the game playing experience.\n\n8. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the metadata includes one or more metadata events which are searchable when subsequently searching for gameplay experiences and while viewing the game-playing experience.\n\n9. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the communication interfaces are configured to communicate the recorded game-playing experience via a database arrangement for selective distribution therefrom to viewers.\n\n10. The system as claimed in claim 9, wherein the database arrangement is configured to generate one or more social groups of users and related properties for selective distribution of game-playing experiences therebetween.\n\n11. The system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the devices are implemented using at least one of: smart telephones, pad computers, tablet computers, lap-top computers, personal computers, game-playing consoles.\n\n12. A method of managing game-playing experiences in a system, wherein the system includes one or more game-playing devices provided with communication interfaces for exchanging game-playing experiences therebetween, wherein each device includes computing hardware coupled to a graphical interface for presenting an interactive game thereupon, and wherein the computing hardware is configured to execute one or more game software products including a game experience software module recorded on machine-readable data storage media for generating the interactive game, wherein the method comprises:\nrecording an execution of the computer game and an image of a user of the game playing device during execution of the computer game on a recording device of the game playing device, the recorded execution of the computer game and image of the user during execution of the computer game comprising a gameplay experience;\nusing the game experience software module to generate metadata concurrently with recording the game-playing experience substantially as presented via the graphical interface for enabling the recorded game-playing experience to be subsequently managed prior to communication for distribution for viewing.\n\n13. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising arranging for the metadata to include timestamps for synchronizing with timestamps included in the recorded game-playing experience.\n\n14. A method as claimed in claim 13, comprising arranging for the metadata to include one or more metadata events which are searchable when subsequently searching for gameplay experiences and while viewing the game-playing experience.\n\n15. A method as claimed in claim 14, comprising generating one or more metadata events automatically by the game experience software module (GESW).\n\n16. A method as claimed in claim 12, comprising operating the communication interfaces to communicate recorded game-playing experiences via a database arrangement for selective distribution therefrom to viewers.\n\n17. A method as claimed in claim 16, comprising operating the database arrangement to generate one or more social groups of users and related properties for selective distribution of game-playing experiences therebetween.\n\n18. A method as claimed in claim 12, wherein the devices comprise one or more of smart telephones, pad computers, tablet computers, lap-top computers, personal computers or game-playing consoles.\n\n19. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising filtering and editing the recorded game-play experience prior to broadcasting the recording game-play experience to others by splitting the recorded game-playing experience into segments, where each segment is associated with a metadata event, the metadata event defining a starting point and an ending point of the segment and an annotation of the segment.\n\n20. The method as claimed in claim 12, comprising:\nrecord multiple streams of linked data corresponding to the game playing experience, the multiple streams of linked data comprising a video content corresponding to the game playing experience, an audio content corresponding to the game playing experience, a video content of the user captured using a camera recording device during execution of the interactive computer game, and screen shots of the execution of the interactive game including graphical user interface elements; and\nrecording a stream of metadata events corresponding to the game playing experience concurrently with the recording of the multiple streams of linked data.\n\n21. A software product (GESW) recorded on a non-transitory machine-readable data storage media, wherein the software product is executable upon computing hardware for managing game-playing experiences in a system,\nwherein the system includes one or more game-playing devices provided with communication interfaces for exchanging game-playing experiences therebetween,\nwherein each device includes computing hardware coupled to a graphical interface for presenting an interactive game thereupon, and\nwherein the computing hardware is configured to execute one or more game software products including a game experience software module recorded on machine-readable data storage media for generating the interactive game, by:\nrecording an execution of the computer game and an image of a user of the game playing device during execution of the computer game on a recording device of the game playing device, the recorded execution of the computer game and image of the user during execution of the computer game comprising a gameplay experience;\nusing the game experience software module to generate metadata concurrently with recording the game-playing experience substantially as presented via the graphical interface for enabling the recorded game-playing experience to be subsequently managed prior to communication for distribution for viewing."}]}, "label": "B"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Electromyographic Lead Positioning And Stimulation Titration In A Nerve Stimulation System For Treatment Of Overactive Bladder\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\nTreatments with implantable neurostimulation systems have become increasingly common in recent years. While such systems have shown promise in treating a number of conditions, effectiveness of treatment may vary considerably between patients. A number of factors may lead to the very different outcomes that patients experience, and viability of treatment can be difficult to determine before implantation. For example, stimulation systems often make use of an array of electrodes to treat one or more target nerve structures. The electrodes are often mounted together on a multi-electrode lead, and the lead implanted in tissue of the patient at a position that is intended to result in electrical coupling of the electrode to the target nerve structure, typically with at least a portion of the coupling being provided via intermediate tissues. Other approaches may also be employed, for example, with one or more electrodes attached to the skin overlying the target nerve structures, implanted in cuffs around a target nerve, or the like. Regardless, the physician will typically seek to establish an appropriate treatment protocol by varying the electrical stimulation that is applied to the electrodes. Current stimulation electrode placement/implantation techniques and known treatment setting techniques suffer from significant disadvantages. The nerve tissue structures of different patients can be quite different, with the locations and branching of nerves that perform specific functions and/or enervate specific organs being challenging to accurately predict or identify. The electrical properties of the tissue structures surrounding a target nerve structure may also be quite different among different patients, and the neural response to stimulation may be markedly dissimilar, with an electrical stimulation pulse pattern, pulse width, frequency, and/or amplitude that is effective to affect a body function of one patient and potentially imposing significant discomfort or pain, or having limited effect, on another patient. Even in patients where implantation of a neurostimulation system provides effective treatment, frequent adjustments and changes to the stimulation protocol are often required before a suitable treatment program can be determined, often involving repeated office visits and significant discomfort for the patient before efficacy is achieved. While a number of complex and sophisticated lead structures and stimulation setting protocols have been implemented to seek to overcome these challenges, the variability in lead placement results, the clinician time to establish suitable stimulation signals, and the discomfort (and in cases the significant pain) that is imposed on the patient remain less than ideal. In addition, the lifetime and battery life of such devices is relatively short, such that implanted systems are routinely replaced every few years, which requires additional surgeries, patient discomfort, and significant costs to healthcare systems. Furthermore, since the morphology of the nerve structures vary considerably between patients, placement and alignment of neurostimulation leads relative the targeted nerve structures can be difficult to control, which can lead to inconsistent placement, unpredictable results and widely varying patient outcomes. For these reasons, neurostimulation leads typically include multiple electrodes with the hope that at least one electrode or a pair of electrodes will be disposed in a location suitable for delivering neurostimulation. One drawback with this approach is that repeated office visits may be required to determine the appropriate electrodes to use and/or to arrive at a neurostimulation program that delivers effective treatment. Often, the number of usable neurostimulation programs may be limited by imprecise lead placement. The tremendous benefits of these neural stimulation therapies have not yet been fully realized. Therefore, it is desirable to provide improved neurostimulation methods, systems and devices, as well as methods for implanting and configuring such neurostimulation systems for a particular patient or condition being treated. It would be particularly helpful to provide such systems and methods so as to improve ease of use by the physician in positioning and configuring the system, as well as improve patient comfort and alleviation of symptoms for the patient.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nThe present invention provides improved methods for positioning of an implantable lead in a patient with an integrated EMG and stimulation clinician programmer. The integrated clinician programmer is coupled to the implantable lead, wherein the implantable lead comprises at least four electrodes, and to at least one EMG sensing electrode minimally invasively positioned on a skin surface or within the patient. The method comprises delivering a test stimulation at a stimulation amplitude level from the integrated clinician programmer to a nerve tissue of the patient with a principal electrode of the implantable lead. Test stimulations are delivered at a same stimulation amplitude level for a same period of time sequentially to each of the four electrodes of the implantable lead. A stimulation-induced EMG motor response is recorded with the integrated clinician programmer for each test stimulation on each electrode of the implantable lead via the at least one pair of EMG sensing electrodes so as to facilitate initial positioning of the implantable lead at a target stimulation region."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A method for improved positioning of an implantable neurostimulation lead in a patient with clinician programmer coupled to the implantable lead for treatment of bladder and/or bowel dysfunction, wherein the implantable lead comprises at least four neurostimulation electrodes, and at least one EMG sensing electrode minimally invasively positioned on a skin surface or within the patient, the method comprising:\ndelivering a first test stimulation at a stimulation amplitude level from the clinician programmer to a nerve tissue of the patient with a principal electrode of the implantable lead, wherein the principal electrode is selected from the at least four neurostimulation electrodes of the implantable lead;\ndelivering another test stimulation at a same stimulation amplitude level for a same period of time sequentially to each remaining electrode for the at least four electrodes of the implantable lead from the clinician programmer;\nreceiving, with the clinician programmer, EMG information based on recording a stimulation-induced EMG motor response for each test stimulation on each electrode of the implantable lead via the at least one EMG sensing electrode so as to provide improved lateral and/or axial resolution of the at least four electrodes relative to a target nerve for positioning of the implantable lead at a target stimulation region along the target nerve for treatment of bladder and/or bowel dysfunction;\noutputting feedback on a graphical user interface of the clinician programmer, the feedback based on the EMG information associated with the first test stimulation of the principal electrode and the other test stimulations of remaining electrodes, the feedback indicating proximity of the at least four electrodes relative the target nerve so as to facilitate improved placement of the at least four electrodes along the target nerve; and repeating steps of: delivering a test stimulation to the principle electrodes and each remaining electrode at a same stimulation and period of time, receiving EMG information based on recording a stimulation-induces EMG motor response for each test stimulation, and outputting feedback on the graphical user interface of the clinician programmer based on the EMG information until the EMG information is indicative of multiple electrodes of the at least four neurostimulation electrodes being within the target stimulation region along the target nerve.\n\n2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nselecting a principal electrode based on a user input received via the graphical user interface of the clinician programmer.\n\n3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nautomatically adjusting the stimulation amplitude level of the test stimulation for the principal electrode until a desired stimulation-induced motor response is detected by use of EMG and received by the clinician programmer.\n\n4. The method of claim 3, wherein automatically adjusting comprises increasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.05 mA for a test stimulation less than or equal to 1 mA.\n\n5. The method of claim 3, wherein automatically adjusting comprises any of:\nincreasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.05 mA for a test stimulation less than or equal to 1 mA;\nincreasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.1 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 1 mA and less than or equal to 2 mA;\nincreasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.2 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 2 mA and less than or equal to 3 mA; and\nincreasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.25 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 3 mA.\n\n6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a user input related to adjustment of the stimulation amplitude level of the test stimulation for the principal electrode in increments in a range from 0.05 mA to 0.25 mA to achieve a desired stimulation-induced motor response indicated via an EMG and shown on a graphical user interface of the clinician programmer.\n\n7. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time is such that a sweeping cycle of the implantable lead is completed in 5 seconds or less.\n\n8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\ncalculating an EMG response value for each test stimulation delivered at a given stimulation amplitude level to each electrode based on a maximum EMG response amplitude associated with each electrode.\n\n9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\ncalculating an EMG response value for each test stimulation delivered at a given stimulation amplitude level to each electrode based on a maximum EMG response amplitude associated with each electrode which is normalized relative to an EMG response amplitude associated with the principal electrode.\n\n10. The method of claim 9, wherein the visual feedback is based at least in part on the EMG response value associated with each electrode and indicates to a user on how to laterally or axially position the implantable lead at the target stimulation region via a graphical user interface of the clinician programmer.\n\n11. The method of claim 9, further comprising calculating a relative distance or position of each electrode to the target stimulation region based on the EMG response value associated with each electrode.\n\n12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:\nrepeating the delivering test stimulations to each of the at least four electrodes of the implantable lead and recording steps after lead re-positioning to confirm the calculated EMG response value for each electrode are within a desired value range, or to confirm the maximum EMG response amplitude for each electrode are within a desired response range and the associated stimulation amplitude for each electrode is within a desired stimulation range.\n\n13. The method of claim 1, wherein the lead is inserted through a foramen of a sacrum of the patient and positioned in proximity of a sacral nerve root of the patient so as to treat bladder and/or bowel related dysfunction of the patient.\n\n14. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a visual image of the recorded stimulation-induced motor response during each test stimulation on a graphical user interface of the clinician programmer, wherein the visual image includes a waveform comprising a compound muscle action potential (CMAP).\n\n15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nvalidating lead placement by testing for a stimulation amplitude threshold for each electrode.\n\n16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:\nreceiving a user input related to an adjustment of the stimulation amplitude threshold of the test stimulation for each electrode in increments in a range from 0.05 mA to 0.25 mA to achieve a desired stimulation-induced motor response at a minimum stimulation amplitude threshold via a graphical user interface of the clinician programmer.\n\n17. The method of claim 16, further comprising displaying visual feedback to a user on the stimulation amplitude threshold for each electrode via a graphical user interface of the clinician programmer, wherein the visual feedback comprises color coding from at least three contrasting colors.\n\n18. A method for improved positioning of an implantable neurostimulation lead in a patient with an integrated electromyography (EMG) and stimulation clinician programmer coupled to the implantable lead for treatment of bladder and/or bowel dysfunction, wherein the implantable lead comprises at least four neurostimulation electrodes, and the integrated clinician programmer is further coupled to at least one EMG sensing electrode minimally invasively positioned on a skin surface or within the patient, the method comprising:\ndelivering a first test stimulation at a stimulation amplitude level from the integrated clinician programmer to a nerve tissue of the patient with a principal electrode of the implantable lead, wherein the principal electrode is selected from the at least four neurostimulation electrodes of the implantable lead;\ndelivering another test stimulation at a same stimulation amplitude level for a same period of time sequentially to each remaining electrode of the at least four electrodes of the implantable lead from the integrated clinician programmer;\nrecording via EMG a stimulation-induced motor response with the integrated clinician programmer for each test stimulation on each electrode of the implantable lead via the at least one EMG sensing electrode so as to provide improved lateral and/or axial resolution of the at least four electrodes relative a target nerve for positioning of the implantable lead at a target stimulation region along the target nerve for treatment of bladder and/or bowel dysfunction;\noutputting feedback on a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer, the feedback based on the EMG information associated with the first test stimulation of the principal electrode and the other test stimulations of remaining electrodes, the feedback indicating proximity of the at least four electrodes relative the target nerve so as to facilitate improved placement of the at least four electrodes along the target nerve; and repeating steps of: delivering a test stimulation to the principle electrode and each remaining electrode at a same stimulation and period of time, recoding via EMG a stimulation-induces motor response for each test stimulation, and outputting feedback on the graphical user interface of the clinician programmer based on the EMG recordings until the EMG recording are indicative of multiple electrodes of the at least four neurostimulation electrodes being in the target stimulation region along the target nerve the second occurrence of.\n\n19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:\nselecting a principal electrode based on a user input received via the graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:\nautomatically adjusting the stimulation amplitude level of the test stimulation for the principal electrode until a desired stimulation-induced motor response is detected.\n\n21. The method of claim 20, wherein automatically adjusting comprises any of: increasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.05 mA for a test stimulation less than or equal to 1 mA; increasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.1 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 1 mA and less than or equal to 2 mA; increasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.2 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 2 mA and less than or equal to 3 mA; increasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.25 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 3 mA; or any combination thereof.\n\n22. The method of claim 18, further comprising receiving a user input related to adjustment of the stimulation amplitude level of the test stimulation for the principal electrode in increments in a range from 0.05 mA to 0.25 mA to achieve a desired stimulation-induced EMG motor response via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n23. The method of claim 18, wherein the period of time is such that a sweeping cycle of the implantable lead is completed in 5 seconds or less.\n\n24. The method of claim 18, further comprising:\ncalculating an EMG response value for each test stimulation delivered at a given stimulation amplitude level to each electrode based on a maximum EMG response amplitude associated with each electrode, or\ncalculating an EMG response value for each test stimulation delivered at a given stimulation amplitude level to each electrode based on a maximum EMG response amplitude associated with each electrode which is normalized relative to an EMG response amplitude associated with the principal electrode.\n\n25. The method of claim 24, wherein the visual feedback is based at least in part on the EMG response value associated with each electrode and indicates to a user on how to laterally or axially position the implantable lead at the target stimulation region via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n26. The method of claim 25, further comprising calculating a relative distance or position of each electrode to the target stimulation region based on the EMG response value associated with each electrode.\n\n27. The method of claim 26, further comprising:\nrepeating the delivering test stimulations to each of the at least four electrodes of the implantable lead and recording steps after lead re-positioning to confirm the calculated EMG response value for each electrode are within a desired value range, or to confirm the maximum EMG response amplitude for each electrode are within a desired response range and the associated stimulation amplitude for each electrode is within a desired stimulation range.\n\n28. The method of claim 27, further comprising displaying a visual image of the recorded stimulation-induced EMG motor response during each test stimulation on a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer, wherein the visual image includes a waveform comprising a compound muscle action potential (CMAP).\n\n29. The method of claim 18, wherein the least one EMG sensing electrode comprises one or more EMG sensing electrode patches that are minimally invasively positioned on a skin surface of the patient.\n\n30. The method of claim 18, wherein the feedback of the proximity of the at least four electrodes relative the target nerve is based on a single sweep of the single test stimulation at the same stimulation amplitude level through each of the at least four neurostimulation electrodes."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A method for improved positioning of an implantable neurostimulation lead in a patient with an integrated electromyography (EMG) and stimulation clinician programmer coupled to the implantable lead for treatment of overactive bladder and/or fecal incontinence, wherein the implantable lead comprises at least four neurostimulation electrodes and the integrated clinician programmer is further coupled to at least one EMG sensing electrode minimally invasively positioned on a skin surface or within the patient, the method comprising:\ndelivering a single test stimulation at a stimulation amplitude level from the integrated clinician programmer to a nerve tissue of the patient with a principal electrode of the implantable lead, wherein the principal electrode is selected from the at least four neurostimulation electrodes of the implantable lead;\ndelivering a single test stimulations at a same stimulation amplitude level for a same period of time sequentially to each remaining electrode of the at least four electrodes of the implantable lead; and\nrecording a stimulation-induced EMG motor response with the integrated clinician programmer for each test stimulation on each electrode of the implantable lead via the at least one EMG sensing electrode so as to facilitate positioning of the implantable lead at a target stimulation region for treatment of overactive bladder and/or fecal incontinence.\n\n2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nselecting a principal electrode based on a user input received via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n3. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nautomatically adjusting the stimulation amplitude level of the test stimulation for the principal electrode until a desired stimulation-induced EMG motor response is detected.\n\n4. The method of claim 3, wherein automatically adjusting comprises increasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.05 mA for a test stimulation less than or equal to 1 mA.\n\n5. The method of claim 3, wherein automatically adjusting comprises any of:\nincreasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.1 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 1 mA and less than or equal to 2 mA;\nincreasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.2 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 2 mA and less than or equal to 3 mA; or\nincreasing the stimulation amplitude in increments of 0.25 mA for a test stimulation more than or equal to 3 mA.\n\n6. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving a user input related to adjustment of the stimulation amplitude level of the test stimulation for the principal electrode in increments in a range from about 0.05 mA to about 0.25 mA to achieve a desired stimulation-induced EMG motor response via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n7. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time comprises about 1 second such that a sweeping cycle of the implantable lead is completed in less than or equal to about 5 seconds.\n\n8. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\ncalculating an EMG response value for each test stimulation delivered at a given stimulation amplitude level to each electrode based on a maximum EMG response amplitude associated with each electrode.\n\n9. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\ncalculating an EMG response value for each test stimulation delivered at a given stimulation amplitude level to each electrode based on a maximum EMG response amplitude associated with each electrode which is normalized relative to an EMG response amplitude associated with the principal electrode.\n\n10. The method of claim 9, wherein the EMG response value associated with each electrode provides visual feedback to a user on how to laterally or axially position the implantable lead at the target stimulation region via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n11. The method of claim 9, further comprising calculating a relative distance or position of each electrode to the target stimulation region based on the EMG response value associated with each electrode.\n\n12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:\nrepeating the delivering test stimulations to each of the four electrodes of the implantable lead and recording steps after lead re-positioning to confirm the calculated EMG response value for each electrode are within a desired value range, or to confirm the maximum EMG response amplitude for each electrode are within a desired response range and the associated simulation amplitude for each electrode is within a desired stimulation range.\n\n13. The method of claim 1, wherein the lead is inserted through a foramen of a sacrum of the patient and positioned in proximity of a sacral nerve root of the patient so at to treat overactive bladder or bladder related dysfunction of the patient.\n\n14. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying a visual image of the recorded stimulation-induced EMG motor response during each test stimulation on a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer, wherein the visual image includes a waveform comprising a compound muscle action potential (CMAP).\n\n15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nvalidating lead placement by testing for a stimulation amplitude threshold for each electrode.\n\n16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:\nreceiving a user input related to an adjustment of the stimulation amplitude threshold of the test stimulation for each electrode in increments in a range from about 0.05 mA to about 0.25 mA to achieve a desired stimulation-induced EMG motor response at a minimum stimulation amplitude threshold via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n17. The method of claim 16, further comprising displaying visual feedback to a user on the stimulation amplitude threshold for each electrode via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer, wherein the visual feedback comprises color coding from at least three contrasting colors.\n\n18. A method for improved positioning of an implantable lead in a patient in proximity of a sacral nerve root for treatment of overactive bladder and/or fecal incontinence, wherein the implantable lead comprises at least four electrodes coupled to an integrated electromyography (EMG) and stimulation clinician programmer, the method comprising:\ndelivering a test stimulation at a plurality of stimulation amplitude levels from the integrated clinician programmer to the sacral nerve tissue of the patient with a principal electrode of the implantable lead, wherein the principal electrode is selected from any of the four electrodes of the implantable lead;\ndelivering test stimulations at a same stimulation amplitude level for a same period of time sequentially to each remaining electrode of the implantable lead; and\nsimultaneously recording with the integrated clinician programmer a first stimulation-induced EMG motor response associated with a big toe of the patient and a second stimulation-induced EMG motor response associated with an anal bellows of the patient for the test stimulations on each electrode of the implantable lead so as to provide for controlled positioning of the implantable lead at a target stimulation region for treatment of overactive bladder and/or fecal incontinence.\n\n19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:\nreceiving a user input related to adjustment of the stimulation amplitude level of the test stimulation for the principal electrode in proportional increments to achieve a desired stimulation-induced EMG motor response via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer.\n\n20. A method for positioning an implantable neurostimulation lead in a patient with an integrated electromyography (EMG) and stimulation clinician programmer for treatment of overactive bladder and/or fecal incontinence, the method comprising:\nimplanting a temporary or permanent lead having at least four electrodes in proximity of nerve tissue of a patient;\npositioning at least one EMG sensing electrode on a skin surface or within the patient;\ncoupling the implantable lead to the integrated clinician programmer via a stimulation cable;\ncoupling the at least one EMG sensing electrode to the integrated clinician programmer;\nselecting a principal electrode from any of the four electrodes of the implantable lead via a graphical user interface of the integrated clinician programmer;\nstimulating the principal electrode with a single test stimulation via the integrated clinician programmer; and\ndisplaying a record of a stimulation-induced EMG motor response, as sensed by the at least on EMG sensing electrode, on the graphical user interface to facilitate positioning of the neurostimulation lead for treatment of overactive bladder and/or fecal incontinence."}]}, "label": "A"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Optical Receiver With Multiple Transimpedance Amplifiers\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\nField of the Disclosure The present disclosure relates generally to optical communication networks and, more particularly, to an optical receiver that includes multiple transimpedance amplifiers and a feedback control loop. Description of the Related Art Telecommunication, cable television and data communication systems use optical networks to rapidly convey large amounts of information between remote points. In an optical network, information is conveyed in the form of optical signals through optical fibers. Optical fibers may comprise thin strands of glass capable of communicating the signals over long distances. Optical networks often employ modulation schemes to convey information in the optical signals over the optical fibers. Such modulation schemes may include phase-shift keying (PSK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), amplitude-shift keying (ASK), pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM), and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Optical networks may also include various optical elements, such as amplifiers, dispersion compensators, multiplexer/demultiplexer filters, wavelength selective switches (WSS), optical switches, couplers, etc. to perform various operations within the network. In particular, optical networks may include optical-electrical-optical (O-E-O) regeneration at reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs) when the reach of an optical signal is limited in a single optical path. As data rates for optical networks continue to increase, reaching up to 1 terabit/s (1 T) and beyond, the demands on optical signal-to-noise ratios (OSNR) also increase. High-speed optical receivers might include a photo detector that senses the incoming analog optical power and converts it into electrical current. In order to convert such a small current into a large voltage, some optical receivers include a circuit commonly referred to as a transimpedance amplifier (TIA).\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nA method and system for amplifying small optical currents in an optical receiver front end system may employ multiple transimpendance amplifiers (TIAs) and feedback control loops. For example, the front end system may include a main feedback control loop (having a main TIA) and a replica feedback control loop (having a replica TIA) that, collectively, generate an optimum input common mode level for a differential amplifier operating at high data rates (e.g., speeds up to tens of gigabits per second). The replica TIA may track the noise from the power supply of the optical receiver in the substantially same manner as the main TIA. Therefore, the differential signals produced by the main control loop may not be degraded at the input to the high-speed differential amplifier. The outputs of the high-speed differential amplifier may be symmetric about the common mode level and may be suitable inputs for voltage sampling."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. An optical receiver, comprising:\na photo detector to convert an optical signal into a first electrical current signal;\na transimpedance amplifier, included in a main feedback control loop, to:\nreceive, as input, the first electrical current signal; and\noutput a first voltage signal having a first DC component;\na replica transimpedance amplifier to:\nreceive, as input, a second electrical current signal; and\noutput a second voltage signal, wherein the first DC component of the first voltage signal and a second DC component of the second voltage signal are substantially equal; and\na first differential amplifier to:\nreceive, as inputs from the transimpedance amplifier and the replica transimpedance amplifier, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal, respectively; and\noutput a pair of output voltage signals that are symmetric about a common mode voltage,\nthe main feedback control loop comprising a third differential amplifier to:\nreceive, as input signals, the pair of output voltage signals output by the first differential amplifier; and\namplify the received input signals.\n\n2. The optical receiver of claim 1,\nwherein the optical receiver further comprises a voltage sampler; and\nwherein the pair of output voltage signals output by the first differential amplifier are inputs to the voltage sampler.\n\n3. The optical receiver of claim 1, wherein the transimpedance amplifier and the replica transimpedance amplifier are inverter-based resistive feedback amplifiers.\n\n4. The optical receiver of claim 1, wherein the photo detector comprises a photodiode.\n\n5. The optical receiver of claim 1,\nwherein the replica transimpedance amplifier is included in a replica feedback control loop;\nwherein the replica feedback control loop further comprises a second differential amplifier to:\nreceive, as inputs, the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier and a reference voltage.\n\n6. The optical receiver of claim 5, wherein the replica feedback control loop causes a common mode voltage of the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier to match the reference voltage.\n\n7. The optical receiver of claim 5, wherein the value of the reference voltage causes the second differential amplifier to operate in a linear gain region.\n\n8. The optical receiver of claim 5,\nwherein the replica feedback control loop further comprises a transistor to operate as a switch current source; and\nwherein the second electrical current signal is provided by the switch current source.\n\n9. The optical receiver of claim 1, wherein the main feedback control loop causes a DC output of the main control loop to follow the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier.\n\n10. A method of optical communication, the method comprising:\nin a main feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a transimpedance amplifier as input from a photo detector, a first electrical current signal representing an optical signal; and\noutputting, by the transimpedance amplifier, a first voltage signal;\nin a replica feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a replica transimpedance amplifier as input, a second electrical current signal; and\noutputting, by the replica transimpedance amplifier, a second voltage signal, wherein a first DC component of the first voltage signal and a second DC component of the second voltage signal are substantially equal;\nreceiving, by a first differential amplifier circuit as inputs from the transimpedance amplifier circuit and the replica transimpedance amplifier circuit, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal, respectively;\noutputting, by the first differential amplifier circuit, a pair of output voltage signals that are symmetric about a common mode voltage,\nreceiving, by a third differential amplifier as inputs, the pair of output voltage signals output by the first differential amplifier; and\ncausing the output of the transimpedance amplifier to follow the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier.\n\n11. The method of claim 10, further comprising:\nin a voltage sampler:\nreceiving, as input signals, the pair of output voltage signals;\nsampling the input signals; and\ndetermining, dependent on said sampling, information encoded in the optical signal.\n\n12. The method of claim 10, further comprising:\nin the replica feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a second differential amplifier as inputs, the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier and a reference voltage; and\ncausing a common mode voltage of the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier to match the reference voltage.\n\n13. The method of claim 10, wherein the photo detector comprises a photodiode or a phototransistor.\n\n14. The method of claim 10, wherein the transimpedance amplifier and the replica transimpedance amplifier comprise operational amplifiers.\n\n15. A method of designing an optical receiver, the method comprising:\ndesigning an inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier;\ndesigning a first differential amplifier to operate at data rates up to multiple gigabits per second;\ndesigning a second differential amplifier to operate at data rates lower than those at which the first differential amplifier operates;\ndesigning a third differential amplifier to operate at data rates lower than those at which the first differential amplifier operates;\ndesigning a feedback control loop comprising the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier, the first differential amplifier, and the second differential amplifier; and\ndesigning a replica feedback control loop comprising a replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier and the third differential amplifier;\nwherein an output of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier and an output of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier are inputs to the first differential amplifier; and\nwherein the feedback control loop is designed such that, once settled, it causes the output of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier to follow the output of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier,\nthe designing the replica feedback control loop comprises:\nchoosing a common mode selector reference voltage for input to the third differential amplifier; and\nthe replica feedback control loop is designed such that, once settled, it causes a common mode voltage of the output of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier to match the common mode selector reference voltage.\n\n16. The method of claim 15, further comprising:\ndetermining whether the feedback control loop is stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, and common mode selector reference voltages; and\nin response to determining that the feedback control loop is not stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, or common mode selector reference voltages, modifying the design of the feedback control loop to improve stability, wherein modifying the design comprises modifying a structure, an input, or an operating parameter of one or more of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier, the first differential amplifier, or the second differential amplifier.\n\n17. The method of claim 15, further comprising:\ndetermining whether the replica feedback control loop is stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, and common mode selector reference voltages; and\nin response to determining that the replica feedback control loop is not stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, or common mode selector reference voltages, modifying the design of the replica feedback control loop to improve stability, wherein modifying the design comprises modifying a structure, an input, or an operating parameter of one or more of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier or the third differential amplifier."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. An optical receiver, comprising:\na photo detector to convert an optical signal into a first electrical current signal;\na transimpedance amplifier to:\nreceive, as input, the first electrical current signal; and\noutput a first voltage signal having a first DC component;\na replica transimpedance amplifier to:\nreceive, as input, a second electrical current signal; and\noutput a second voltage signal, wherein the first DC component of the first voltage signal and a second DC component of the second voltage signal are substantially equal; and\na first differential amplifier to:\nreceive, as inputs from the transimpedance amplifier and the replica transimpedance amplifier, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal, respectively; and\noutput a pair of output voltage signals that are symmetric about a common mode voltage.\n\n2. The optical receiver of claim 1,\nwherein the optical receiver further comprises a voltage sampler; and\nwherein the pair of output voltage signals output by the first differential amplifier are inputs to the voltage sampler.\n\n3. The optical receiver of claim 1,\nwherein the transimpedance amplifier and the replica transimpedance amplifier are inverter-based resistive feedback amplifiers.\n\n4. The optical receiver of claim 1,\nwherein the photo detector comprises a photodiode.\n\n5. The optical receiver of claim 1,\nwherein the replica transimpedance amplifier is included in a replica feedback control loop;\nwherein the replica feedback control loop further comprises a second differential amplifier to:\nreceive, as inputs, the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier and a reference voltage.\n\n6. The optical receiver of claim 5,\nwherein the replica feedback control loop causes a common mode voltage of the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier to match the reference voltage.\n\n7. The optical receiver of claim 5,\nwherein the value of the reference voltage causes the second differential amplifier to operate in a linear gain region.\n\n8. The optical receiver of claim 5,\nwherein the replica feedback control loop further comprises a transistor to operate as a switch current source; and\nwherein the second electrical current signal is provided by the switch current source.\n\n9. The optical receiver of claim 1,\nwherein the transimpedance amplifier is included in a main feedback control loop;\nwherein the main feedback control loop further comprises a third differential amplifier to:\nreceive, as input signals, the pair of output voltage signals output by the first differential amplifier; and\namplify the received input signals.\n\n10. The optical receiver of claim 9,\nwherein the main feedback control loop causes a DC output of the main control loop to follow the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier.\n\n11. A method for optical communication, the method comprising:\nin a main feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a transimpedance amplifier as input from a photo detector, a first electrical current signal representing an optical signal; and\noutputting, by the transimpedance amplifier, a first voltage signal;\nin a replica feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a replica transimpedance amplifier as input, a second electrical current signal; and\noutputting, by the replica transimpedance amplifier, a second voltage signal, wherein a first DC component of the first voltage signal and a second DC component of the second voltage signal are substantially equal; and\nin the main feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a first differential amplifier circuit as inputs from the transimpedance amplifier circuit and the replica transimpedance amplifier circuit, the first voltage signal and the second voltage signal, respectively; and\noutputting, by the first differential amplifier circuit, a pair of output voltage signals that are symmetric about a common mode voltage.\n\n12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:\nin a voltage sampler:\nreceiving, as input signals, the pair of output voltage signals;\nsampling the input signals; and\ndetermining, dependent on said sampling, information encoded in the optical signal.\n\n13. The method of claim 11, further comprising:\nin the replica feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a second differential amplifier as inputs, the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier and a reference voltage; and\ncausing a common mode voltage of the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier to match the reference voltage.\n\n14. The method of claim 11, further comprising:\nin the main feedback control loop:\nreceiving, by a third differential amplifier as inputs, the pair of output voltage signals output by the first differential amplifier; and\ncausing the output of the transimpedance amplifier to follow the output of the replica transimpedance amplifier.\n\n15. The method of claim 11,\nwherein the photo detector comprises a photodiode or a phototransistor.\n\n16. The method of claim 11,\nwherein the transimpedance amplifier and the replica transimpedance amplifier comprise operational amplifiers.\n\n17. A method for designing an optical receiver, the method comprising:\ndesigning an inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier;\ndesigning a first differential amplifier to operate at data rates up to multiple gigabits per second;\ndesigning a second differential amplifier to operate at data rates lower than those at which the first differential amplifier operates;\ndesigning a third differential amplifier to operate at data rates lower than those at which the first differential amplifier operates;\ndesigning a feedback control loop comprising the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier, the first differential amplifier, and the second differential amplifier; and\ndesigning a replica feedback control loop comprising a replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier and the third differential amplifier;\nwherein an output of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier and an output of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier are inputs to the first differential amplifier; and\nwherein the feedback control loop is designed such that, once settled, it causes the output of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier to follow the output of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier.\n\n18. The method of claim 17,\nwherein designing the replica feedback control loop comprises:\nchoosing a common mode selector reference voltage for input to the third differential amplifier; and\nwherein the replica feedback control loop is designed such that, once settled, it causes a common mode voltage of the output of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier to match the common mode selector reference voltage.\n\n19. The method of claim 18, further comprising:\ndetermining whether the feedback control loop is stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, and common mode selector reference voltages; and\nin response to determining that the feedback control loop is not stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, or common mode selector reference voltages, modifying the design of the feedback control loop to improve stability, wherein modifying the design comprises modifying a structure, an input, or an operating parameter of one or more of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier, the first differential amplifier, or the second differential amplifier.\n\n20. The method of claim 18, further comprising:\ndetermining whether the replica feedback control loop is stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, and common mode selector reference voltages; and\nin response to determining that the replica feedback control loop is not stable over a wide range of processes, voltages, temperatures, or common mode selector reference voltages, modifying the design of the replica feedback control loop to improve stability, wherein modifying the design comprises modifying a structure, an input, or an operating parameter of one or more of the replica of the inverter-based resistive feedback amplifier or the third differential amplifier."}]}, "label": "A"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Solid State Power Controller For Aerospace Led Systems\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\nThe present disclosure relates to solid state power control systems, and more specifically, to a solid state power controller (SSPC) for aerospace light emitting diode (LED) systems. Modern aircraft lighting systems (internal and external lighting systems) are moving to LED based solutions due to the increased efficiency, reliability, and controllability of LEDs. LED lights are typically arranged in series strings of LEDs that are driven with a controlled current to ensure consistent intensity of each LED element. Traditional aircraft power systems are developed around incandescent lights driven directly from the distributed aircraft voltage. Current LED lighting systems fit into a traditional aircraft electrical power system as shown in FIG. 1 . Conventional electrical power distribution systems may include a circuit protection device 1 to disconnect a load such as, for example, LED light string 2 in case of a fault. This protection device in modern aircraft is often a solid state power controller (SSPC). Circuit protection device 1 often connects to a LED light power conversion module 3 , which controls LED light string 2 . As shown in FIG. 2 , electrical power distribution systems may include a circuit protection device 206 to disconnect the load 208 from the aircraft power 202 in case of fault. Circuit protection device 206 , found in most modern aircrafts, is often a solid state power controller (SSPC). The SSPC typically protects the aircraft wiring and electrical power system from faults in the load or load wiring by implementing I 2 t protection circuitry. Retrofitting LED lighting solutions to existing SSPCs requires additional power electronics to convert the distributed voltages into a controlled current. The addition of additional power control elements can add weight to the aircraft and may further add complexity in maintaining the various components.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nA light emitting diode (LED) control system may include a LED control system for an aircraft. The LED control system may include an LED power controller, and a solid state power controller (SSPC) that includes a processor in communication with the LED power controller, where the LED power controller and the solid state power controller are integrated onto a single power module. The LED control system is configured to receive DC power from a power source, determine, via the processor, current flow through a series MOSFET element connecting to at least one LED, to control operational voltage across the at least one LED, and adjust, via the processor, a gate voltage of the series MOSFET element with the LED power controller."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A light emitting diode (LED) control system for an aircraft comprising:\nan LED power controller; and\na solid state power controller (SSPC) comprising:\na processor in communication with the LED power controller, wherein the LED power controller and the SSPC are integrated onto a single power module; and\na shunt MOSFET element and an inductive element connected between a series MOSFET element and a ground;\nwherein the LED control system is configured to:\nreceive DC power from a power source;\ndetermine, via the processor, a current flow through the series MOSFET element connecting to at least one LED, to control operational voltage across the at least one LED; and\nadjust, via the processor, a gate voltage of the series MOSFET element with the LED power controller.\n\n2. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the single power module is configured to operate as part of a secondary power distribution assembly (SPDA).\n\n3. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to pass a predetermined current through the series MOSFET element by either increasing or decreasing a total circuit impedance via the series MOSFET element.\n\n4. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to modulate at least one of the series MOSFET element and the shunt MOSFET element with a pulse modulation signal.\n\n5. The LED control system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to modulate at least one of the series MOSFET element or the shunt MOSFET element with a pulse modulation signal.\n\n6. The LED control system of claim 5, wherein the processor is configured to pass a predetermined current to the at least one LED by pulsing either a buck current or a boost current.\n\n7. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to receive feedback information from the LED power controller, wherein the feedback information is indicative of a status of the at least one LED.\n\n8. The LED control system of claim 7, wherein the status includes brightness information indicative of a relative brightness of the at least one LED.\n\n9. The LED control system of claim 7, wherein the status includes aging data indicative of an age of the at least one LED.\n\n10. The LED control system of claim 7, wherein the status is indicative of a health and status of the at least one LED.\n\n11. A computer-implemented method for controlling a light emitting diode (LED) control system for an aircraft comprising:\nconfiguring a processor in an LED power controller to be in communication with a SSPC, wherein the LED power controller and the SSPC are integrated into a single power module;\nreceiving, at the single power module, DC power from a power source;\ndetermining, via the processor, current flow through a series MOSFET element connecting to at least one LED, to control operational voltage across the at least one LED; and\na shunt MOSFET element and an inductive element connected between a series MOSFET element and a ground; and\nadjusting, via the processor, a gate voltage of the series MOSFET element with the LED power controller.\n\n12. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, wherein the single power module is configured to operate as part of a secondary power distribution assembly (SPDA).\n\n13. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, comprising:\npassing, via the processor, a predetermined current through the series MOSFET element by either increasing or decreasing a total circuit impedance via the series MOSFET element.\n\n14. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further comprising modulating, via the processor, at least one of the series MOSFET element and the shunt MOSFET element with a pulse modulation signal.\n\n15. The computer-implemented method of claim 14, further comprising modulating, via the processor, at least one of the series MOSFET element or the shunt MOSFET element with a pulse modulation signal.\n\n16. The computer-implemented method of claim 11, further comprising passing, via the processor, a predetermined current to the at least one LED by pulsing either a buck current or a boost current, or both of the buck current and the boost current.\n\n17. The computer-implemented method of claim of claim 11, further comprising receiving feedback information from the LED power controller, wherein the feedback information is indicative of a status of the at least one LED.\n\n18. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein the status includes brightness information indicative of a relative brightness of the at least one LED.\n\n19. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein the status includes aging data indicative of an age of the at least one LED.\n\n20. The computer-implemented method of claim 17, wherein status is indicative of a health and status of the at least one LED."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A light emitting diode (LED) control system for an aircraft comprising:\nan LED power controller; and\na solid state power controller (SSPC) comprising:\na processor in communication with the LED power controller, wherein the LED power controller and the SSPC are integrated onto a single power module; and\na shunt MOSFET element and an inductive element connected between a series MOSFET element and a ground;\nwherein the LED control system is configured to:\nreceive DC power from a power source;\ndetermine, via the processor, a current flow through the series MOSFET element connecting to at least one LED, to control operational voltage across the at least one LED; and\nadjust, via the processor, a gate voltage of the series MOSFET element with the LED power controller.\n\n2. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the single power module is configured to operate as part of a secondary power distribution assembly (SPDA).\n\n3. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to pass a predetermined current through the series MOSFET element by either increasing or decreasing a total circuit impedance via the series MOSFET element.\n\n4. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to modulate at least one of the series MOSFET element and the shunt MOSFET element with a pulse modulation signal.\n\n5. The LED control system of claim 4, wherein the processor is configured to pass a predetermined current to the at least one LED by pulsing either a buck current or a boost current.\n\n6. The LED control system of claim 1, wherein the processor is further configured to receive feedback information from the LED power controller, wherein the feedback information is indicative of a status of the at least one LED.\n\n7. The LED control system of claim 6, wherein the status includes brightness information indicative of a relative brightness of the at least one LED.\n\n8. The LED control system of claim 6, wherein the status includes aging data indicative of an age of the at least one LED.\n\n9. The LED control system of claim 6, wherein the status is indicative of a health and status of the at least one LED.\n\n10. A computer-implemented method for controlling a light emitting diode (LED) control system for an aircraft comprising:\nconfiguring a processor in an LED power controller to be in communication with a solid state power controller (SSPC), wherein the LED power controller and the SSPC are integrated into a single power module;\nreceiving, at the single power module, DC power from a power source;\ndetermining, via the processor, current flow through a series MOSFET element connecting to at least one LED, to control operational voltage across the at least one LED; and\na shunt MOSFET element and an inductive element connected between a series MOSFET element and a ground; and\nadjusting, via the processor, a gate voltage of the series MOSFET element with the LED power controller.\n\n11. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, wherein the single power module is configured to operate as part of a secondary power distribution assembly (SPDA).\n\n12. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, comprising:\npassing, via the processor, a predetermined current through the series MOSFET element by either increasing or decreasing a total circuit impedance via the series MOSFET element.\n\n13. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising modulating, via the processor, at least one of the series MOSFET element and the shunt MOSFET element with a pulse modulation signal.\n\n14. The computer-implemented method of claim 10, further comprising passing, via the processor, a predetermined current to the at least one LED by pulsing either a buck current or a boost current, or both of the buck current and the boost current.\n\n15. The computer-implemented method of claim of claim 10, further comprising receiving feedback information from the LED power controller, wherein the feedback information is indicative of a status of the at least one LED.\n\n16. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the status includes brightness information indicative of a relative brightness of the at least one LED.\n\n17. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein the status includes aging data indicative of an age of the at least one LED.\n\n18. The computer-implemented method of claim 15, wherein status is indicative of a health and status of the at least one LED."}]}, "label": "B"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Bicycle Battery Holder, Bicycle Battery, And Retaining Member For Bicycle Battery\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\n1. Field of the Invention This invention generally relates to a bicycle battery holder, a bicycle battery, and a retaining member for a bicycle battery. 2. Background Information Recently, some bicycles include electrical components that require a power source such as a bicycle battery. Conventionally, a bicycle battery holder is mounted to the bicycle to detachably hold the bicycle battery on the bicycle. One example of a bicycle battery holder is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3,602,837.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nA bicycle battery holder is configured to be mounted to a bicycle. The bicycle battery holder includes a first support portion and a second support portion. The first support portion is configured to support a battery at a first supporting position. The second support portion is configured to support the battery at a second supporting position, along with the first support portion. At least one of the first supporting position and the second supporting position is adjustably mounted."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A bicycle battery holder configured to be mounted to a bicycle, the bicycle battery holder comprising:\na first support portion configured to support a battery at a first supporting position; and\na second support portion configured to support the battery at a second supporting position, along with the first support portion,\nat least one of the first supporting position and the second supporting position being adjustably mounted.\n\n2. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe second support portion is movable with respect to the bicycle.\n\n3. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 2, further comprising\na moving mechanism configured to move the second support portion with respect to the first support portion.\n\n4. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 3, wherein\nthe moving mechanism comprises a rail for sliding the second support portion.\n\n5. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 4, further comprising\na securing structure selectively securing a position of the second support portion with respect to the rail.\n\n6. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 4, wherein\nthe rail is configured to be detachably mounted to a bicycle frame.\n\n7. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe first support portion is configured to support one end of the battery, and\nthe second support portion is configured to support the other end of the battery.\n\n8. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe second support portion has one of a convex shape and a concave shape that is configured to mate with one of a protrusion and a recess of the battery having one of a convex shape and a concave shape.\n\n9. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe first support portion comprises a terminal that is configured to be electrically connected to the battery.\n\n10. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe second support portion comprises a lock mechanism that is configured to fix a position of the battery with respect to the second support portion.\n\n11. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, further comprising\na retaining part configured to support the battery in a portion that is different from the first support portion or the second support portion,\nthe retaining part being configured to couple the first support portion and the second support portion and change in length, corresponding to changes in a distance between the first support portion and the second support portion.\n\n12. A bicycle battery comprising:\na first portion configured to be supportable by a bicycle battery holder; and\na second portion configured to be connected to another battery in a portion besides the first portion.\n\n13. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 12, further comprising\na first terminal provided at the first portion, which is configured to be connected to a terminal provided to one of the bicycle battery holder and a terminal of another battery.\n\n14. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 13, wherein\nthe second portion includes a second terminal configured to be connected to a first terminal of another battery.\n\n15. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 14, wherein\nthe first portion comprises a first fitting portion having one of a convex shape and a concave shape, and\nthe second portion comprises a second fitting portion having one of a convex shape and a concave shape that can be fitted with one of a protrusion and a recess of the first portion.\n\n16. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 15, wherein\nthe first fitting portion is formed around the first terminal, and\nthe second fitting portion is formed around the second terminal.\n\n17. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 12, wherein\none of the first portion or the second portion is configured to be connect to the other battery supply such that electric power can be supplied to an electric component of a bicycle independent from the other battery.\n\n18. A bicycle battery retaining member used in the bicycle battery as recited in claim 12, and comprising\na plurality of attaching portions that are attachable to each of the other batteries and the bicycle battery."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A bicycle battery holder configured to be mounted to a bicycle, the bicycle battery holder comprising:\na first support portion configured to support a battery at a first supporting position, the first support portion configured to be detachably connected to a bicycle frame;\na second support portion configured to support the battery at a second supporting position, along with the first support portion; and\na moving mechanism having a rail, the second portion being slidably connected to the rail such that the rail is configured to enable the second portion to move with respect to the first portion.\n\n2. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, further comprising\na securing structure selectively securing a position of the second support portion with respect to the rail.\n\n3. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe rail is configured to be detachably mounted to the bicycle frame.\n\n4. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe first support portion is configured to support one end of the battery, and\nthe second support portion is configured to support the other end of the battery.\n\n5. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe second support portion has one of a convex shape and a concave shape that is configured to mate with one of a protrusion and a recess of the battery having one of a convex shape and a concave shape.\n\n6. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe first support portion comprises a terminal that is configured to be electrically connected to the battery.\n\n7. The bicycle battery holder as recited in claim 1, wherein\nthe second support portion comprises a lock mechanism that is configured to fix a position of the battery with respect to the second support portion.\n\n8. A bicycle battery holder comprising:\na first support portion configured to support a battery at a first supporting position;\na second support portion configured to support the battery at a second supporting position, along with the first support portion, at least one of the first supporting position and the second supporting position being adjustably mounted; and\na retaining part configured to support the battery in a portion that is different from the first support portion or the second support portion,\nthe retaining part being configured to couple the first support portion and the second support portion and change in length, corresponding to changes in a distance between the first support portion and the second support portion.\n\n9. A bicycle battery comprising:\na housing having a plurality of battery cells configured to provide electric power to an electric component of a bicycle, the housing having a first portion configured to be supportable by a bicycle battery holder and a second portion configured to be connected to another battery in a portion beside the first portion, the battery cells being configured to provide electric power to the electric component independently from another battery in a state where the another battery is connected to the second portion.\n\n10. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 9, further comprising\na first terminal provided at the first portion, which is configured to be connected to a terminal provided to one of the bicycle battery holder and a terminal of another battery.\n\n11. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 10, wherein\nthe second portion includes a second terminal configured to be connected to a first terminal of another battery.\n\n12. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 11, wherein\nthe first portion comprises a first fitting portion having one of a convex shape and a concave shape, and\nthe second portion comprises a second fitting portion having one of a convex shape and a concave shape that can be fitted with one of a protrusion and a recess of the first portion.\n\n13. The bicycle battery as recited in claim 12, wherein\nthe first fitting portion is formed around the first terminal, and\nthe second fitting portion is formed around the second terminal.\n\n14. A bicycle battery retaining member used in the bicycle battery as recited in claim 9, and comprising\na plurality of attaching portions that are attachable to another battery and the bicycle battery."}]}, "label": "B"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Shipping And Dispensing Carton\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\nCartons are typically shipped in bulk quantities. During shipping, the cartons may be vertically stacked upon each other in order to maximize the amount of product shipped in a particular vessel. The amount of product shipped may depend, however, on the load-bearing capacity of the stacked cartons. It is therefore desirable to produce cartons having high rigidity and/or strength in compression for shipping, and for other purposes such as the protection of the carton contents in general. A conventional method for increasing the strength of a carton is to produce the carton from a blank of a different, stronger board material, or to produce the blank from the same carton material but of greater thickness. Such methods typically increase the costs associated with manufacturing the carton, with the material costs of manufacture generally increasing according to the cost of increasing the strength and/or thickness of the entire blank. Some sections of the blank, however, may not be load-bearing, and the additional costs associated with increasing the strength of non-load bearing sections of the blank are wasted.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nA carton for holding a plurality of articles. The carton comprises a first side panel, a bottom panel, a second side panel, a first top panel, and a second top panel. The bottom panel comprises a first portion and a second portion. The carton comprises a first proximal side end flap, a first distal side end flap, a second proximal side end flap, a second distal side end flap, a first bottom end flap foldably connected to the first portion of the bottom panel, and second bottom end flap foldably connected to the second portion of the bottom panel. The first distal side end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second distal side end flap, the first bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap, and the second bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A carton for holding a plurality of articles, the carton comprising:\na plurality of panels that extends around an interior of the carton, the plurality of panels comprises a first side panel, a bottom panel foldably connected to the first side panel, a second side panel foldably connected to the bottom panel, a first top panel foldably connected to the first side panel, and a second top panel foldably connected to the second side panel, the bottom panel comprises a fold line that divides the bottom panel into a first portion and a second portion foldably connected to the first portion at the fold line; and\na plurality of end flaps respectively foldably connected to a respective panel of the plurality of panels and being at least partially overlapped to close an end of the carton, the plurality of end flaps comprises a first proximal side end flap foldably connected to the first side panel, a first distal side end flap foldably connected to the first proximal side end flap, a second proximal side end flap foldably connected to the second side panel, a second distal side end flap foldably connected to the second proximal side end flap, a first bottom end flap foldably connected to the first portion of the bottom panel, and second bottom end flap foldably connected to the second portion of the bottom panel,\nthe first distal side end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second distal side end flap, the first bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap, and the second bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap.\n\n2. The carton of claim 1, wherein the plurality of end flaps comprises a first top end flap foldably connected to the first top panel and a second top end flap foldably connected to the second top panel.\n\n3. The carton of claim 2, wherein the first distal side end flap is adhesively attached to the second distal side end flap.\n\n4. The carton of claim 2, wherein the first top end flap and the second top end flap are separated by a cut.\n\n5. The carton of claim 2, wherein the first top end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap and the second top end flap is in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap.\n\n6. The carton of claim 5, wherein the plurality of panels comprises a third top panel foldably connected to the first top panel.\n\n7. The carton of claim 6, wherein the third top panel is in face-to-face contact with the second top panel.\n\n8. The carton of claim 7, wherein the second top panel is adhesively attached to the third top panel.\n\n9. A blank for forming a carton, the blank comprising:\na plurality of panels comprising a first side panel, a bottom panel foldably connected to the first side panel, a second side panel foldably connected to the bottom panel, a first top panel foldably connected to the first side panel, and a second top panel foldably connected to the second side panel, the bottom panel comprises a fold line that divides the bottom panel into a first portion and a second portion foldably connected to the first portion at the fold line; and\na plurality of end flaps respectively foldably connected to a respective panel of the plurality of panels and for being at least partially overlapped to close an end of the carton formed from the blank, the plurality of end flaps comprises a first proximal side end flap foldably connected to the first side panel, a first distal side end flap foldably connected to the first proximal side end flap, a second proximal side end flap foldably connected to the second side panel, a second distal side end flap foldably connected to the second proximal side end flap, a first bottom end flap foldably connected to the first portion of the bottom panel, and second bottom end flap foldably connected to the second portion of the bottom panel,\nthe first distal side end flap is positionable to be in face-to-face contact with the second distal side end flap, the first bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap, and the second bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap.\n\n10. The blank of claim 9, wherein the plurality of end flaps comprises a first top end flap foldably connected to the first top panel and a second top end flap foldably connected to the second top panel.\n\n11. The blank of claim 10, wherein the first distal side end flap is adhesively attached to the second distal side end flap.\n\n12. The blank of claim 10, wherein the first top end flap and the second top end flap are separated by a cut.\n\n13. The blank of claim 12, wherein the cut is aligned with the fold line.\n\n14. The blank of claim 10, wherein the first top end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap and the second top end flap is in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap.\n\n15. The blank of claim 14, wherein the plurality of panels comprises a third top panel foldably connected to the first top panel.\n\n16. The blank of claim 15, wherein the third top panel is for being in face-to-face contact with the second top panel.\n\n17. A method of forming a carton for containing a plurality of articles, the method comprising:\nobtaining a blank comprising a plurality of panels comprising a first side panel, a bottom panel foldably connected to the first side panel, a second side panel foldably connected to the bottom panel, a first top panel foldably connected to the first side panel, and a second top panel foldably connected to the second side panel, the bottom panel comprises a fold line that divides the bottom panel into a first portion and a second portion foldably connected to the first portion at the fold line, the blank comprises a plurality of end flaps respectively foldably connected to a respective panel of the plurality of panels, the plurality of end flaps comprises a first proximal side end flap foldably connected to the first side panel, a first distal side end flap foldably connected to the first proximal side end flap, a second proximal side end flap foldably connected to the second side panel, a second distal side end flap foldably connected to the second proximal side end flap, a first bottom end flap foldably connected to the first portion of the bottom panel, and second bottom end flap foldably connected to the second portion of the bottom panel;\npositioning the plurality of panels to form an interior of the carton;\npositioning the plurality of end flaps to at least partially close an end of the carton, the positioning the plurality of end flaps comprises positioning the first distal side end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the second distal side end flap, positioning the first bottom end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap, and positioning the second bottom end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap.\n\n18. The method of claim 17, wherein the plurality of end flaps comprises a first top end flap foldably connected to the first top panel and a second top end flap foldably connected to the second top panel.\n\n19. The method of claim 18, wherein the positioning the plurality of end flaps comprises positioning the first top end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap and positioning the second top end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap.\n\n20. The method of claim 19, wherein the plurality of panels comprises a third top panel foldably connected to the first top panel and the positioning the plurality of panels comprises positioning the third top panel to be in face-to-face contact with the second top panel."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A carton for holding a plurality of articles, the carton comprising:\na plurality of panels that extends around an interior of the carton, the plurality of panels comprises a first side panel, a bottom panel foldably connected to the first side panel, a second side panel foldably connected to the bottom panel, a first top panel foldably connected to the first side panel, and a second top panel foldably connected to the second side panel, the bottom panel comprises a fold line that divides the bottom panel into a first portion and a second portion foldably connected to the first portion at the fold line; and\na plurality of end flaps respectively foldably connected to a respective panel of the plurality of panels and being at least partially overlapped to close an end of the carton, the plurality of end flaps comprises a first proximal side end flap foldably connected to the first side panel, a first distal side end flap foldably connected to the first proximal side end flap, a second proximal side end flap foldably connected to the second side panel, a second distal side end flap foldably connected to the second proximal side end flap, a first bottom end flap foldably connected to the first portion of the bottom panel, and second bottom end flap foldably connected to the second portion of the bottom panel,\nthe first distal side end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second distal side end flap, the first bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap, and the second bottom end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap.\n\n2. The carton of claim 1, wherein the plurality of end flaps comprises a first top end flap foldably connected to the first top panel and a second top end flap foldably connected to the second top panel.\n\n3. The carton of claim 2, wherein the first distal side end flap is adhesively attached to the second distal side end flap.\n\n4. The carton of claim 2, wherein the first bottom end flap and the second bottom end flap are separated by a cut.\n\n5. The carton of claim 2, wherein the first top end flap is in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap and the second top end flap is in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap.\n\n6. The carton of claim 5, wherein the plurality of panels comprises a third top panel foldably connected to the first top panel.\n\n7. The carton of claim 6, wherein the third top panel is in face-to-face contact with the second top panel.\n\n8. The carton of claim 7, wherein the second top panel is adhesively attached to the third top panel.\n\n9. A method of forming a carton for containing a plurality of articles, the method comprising:\nobtaining a blank comprising a plurality of panels comprising a first side panel, a bottom panel foldably connected to the first side panel, a second side panel foldably connected to the bottom panel, a first top panel foldably connected to the first side panel, and a second top panel foldably connected to the second side panel, the bottom panel comprises a fold line that divides the bottom panel into a first portion and a second portion foldably connected to the first portion at the fold line, the blank comprises a plurality of end flaps respectively foldably connected to a respective panel of the plurality of panels, the plurality of end flaps comprises a first proximal side end flap foldably connected to the first side panel, a first distal side end flap foldably connected to the first proximal side end flap, a second proximal side end flap foldably connected to the second side panel, a second distal side end flap foldably connected to the second proximal side end flap, a first bottom end flap foldably connected to the first portion of the bottom panel, and second bottom end flap foldably connected to the second portion of the bottom panel;\npositioning the plurality of panels to form an interior of the carton;\npositioning the plurality of end flaps to at least partially close an end of the carton, the positioning the plurality of end flaps comprises positioning the first distal side end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the second distal side end flap, positioning the first bottom end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap, and positioning the second bottom end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap.\n\n10. The method of claim 9, wherein the plurality of end flaps comprises a first top end flap foldably connected to the first top panel and a second top end flap foldably connected to the second top panel.\n\n11. The method of claim 10, wherein the positioning the plurality of end flaps comprises positioning the first top end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the second proximal side end flap and positioning the second top end flap to be in face-to-face contact with the first proximal side end flap.\n\n12. The method of claim 11, wherein the plurality of panels comprises a third top panel foldably connected to the first top panel and the positioning the plurality of panels comprises positioning the third top panel to be in face-to-face contact with the second top panel."}]}, "label": "B"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Liquid Ejecting Head And Method Of Manufacturing Liquid Ejecting Head\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\n1. Technical Field The present invention relates to a liquid ejecting head including a wiring substrate on which wires to be connected to a driver IC have been formed and a method of manufacturing the liquid ejecting head. 2. Related Art As liquid ejecting apparatuses including liquid ejecting heads, for example, there exist image recording devices such as ink jet printers, ink jet plotters and the like, however, recently, liquid ejecting apparatuses have been applied to various manufacturing devices by utilizing their advantage of being able to make a minute amount of liquid precisely land onto a designated position. For example, liquid ejecting apparatuses have been applied to display manufacturing devices that manufacture color filters of liquid crystal displays and the like, electrode forming devices that form electrodes of organic electroluminescence (EL) displays, field emission displays (FEDs) and the like, and chip manufacturing devices that manufacture biochips. In addition, a recording head for image recording devices ejects liquid ink, and a color material ejecting head for display manufacturing devices ejects solutions of individual color materials of red (R), green (G), and blue (B). Moreover, an electrode material ejecting head for electrode forming devices ejects a liquid electrode material and a bioorganic matter ejecting head for chip manufacturing devices ejects a solution of bioorganic matter. The above-described liquid ejecting heads are formed by stacking a pressure chamber forming substrate formed of pressure chambers that communicate with nozzles, piezoelectric elements (a type of driver element) that cause a change in pressure in the liquid inside the pressure chambers, a sealing plate which is arranged so as to be separated at a distance from the piezoelectric elements, and the like. The above-described piezoelectric elements are each driven by a driving signal that is supplied from a driver IC. This driver IC, in the related art, is arranged outside the liquid ejecting head. For example, there is known a liquid ejecting head in which a driver IC is provided on a flexible substrate that connects to the liquid ejecting head (for example, JP-A-2011-115972). To date, with the reduction in the size of liquid ejecting heads, techniques for joining a driver IC onto a sealing plate that covers piezoelectric elements have been developed. In such a structure, a wire that supplies electrical power to the driver IC is formed on a surface on one side (driver IC side) of the sealing plate. If, with nozzle densification, the number of nozzles increases, the electrical power supplied to the driver IC also increases. Consequently, reducing the electrical resistance (hereinafter simply called resistance) of the wire formed on the sealing plate has been considered. However, to date, when the width of the wire has been increased in order to lower the resistance of the wire, the wire area has become large. Consequently, it has been difficult to decrease the resistance of the wire without changing the size of the sealing plate.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nA liquid ejecting head and a method of manufacturing the liquid ejecting head are provided. The liquid ejecting head has a pressure chamber forming substrate that includes a plurality of piezoelectric elements and that is connected to a first surface of a sealing plate, a driver IC that outputs signals that drive the piezoelectric elements and that is provided on a second surface of the sealing plate that is on the opposite side to the first surface, and a power supply wire that supplies electrical power to the piezoelectric elements, that is formed in the second surface of the sealing plate, and that has at least one portion thereof embedded in the sealing plate and a surface thereof exposed on the second surface side."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:\na wiring substrate having a first surface that is connected to a driver element forming substrate in which a plurality of driver elements are provided, and a second surface that is on the opposite side to the first surface and that is provided with a driver IC that outputs signals that drive the driver elements;\nwherein a wire that supplies electrical power to the driver elements is formed in the second surface of the wiring substrate, and\nat least one portion of the wire is embedded in the wiring substrate and a surface of the wire is exposed on the second surface side.\n\n2. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein the wire is formed of an embedded wire that is composed of a conductive material and that is embedded inside the wiring substrate and an outer layer wire that is composed of a conductive material that is different from the conductive material of the embedded wire, the outer layer wire covering the second surface side of the embedded wire.\n\n3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1, wherein the driver IC has a plurality of circuit blocks that generate the signals that individually drive the driver elements and a plurality of bump electrodes that connect to the circuit blocks in a first direction, and\nthe wire that extends in the first direction and that is connected to the plurality of bump electrodes.\n\n4. A method of manufacturing a liquid ejecting head that has a wiring substrate having a first surface that is connected to a driver element forming substrate in which a plurality of driver elements are provided and a second surface that is on the opposite side to the first surface and that is provided with a driver IC that outputs signals that drive the driver elements, a wire in the second surface that supplies electrical power to the driver elements and a through wire that extends between the first surface and the second surface, the method comprising:\nprocessing a wiring substrate so as to form a recessed portion that is recessed in the second surface of the wiring substrate in a thickness direction thereof and a through hole that penetrates through the wiring substrate, and\nforming the wire by filling a conductive material into the recessed portion and the through wire by filling the conductive material into the through hole.\n\n5. The method of manufacturing a liquid ejecting head according to claim 4,\nwherein the forming of the wire involves forming the conductive material in the recessed portion and the through hole by electroplating.\n\n6. The method of manufacturing a liquid ejecting head according to claim 4 further comprising:\nforming an outer layer wire that covers the second surface side of the wire embedded in the wiring substrate with a conductive material that is different from the conductive material of the wire embedded in the wiring substrate."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A liquid ejecting head comprising:\na driver element forming substrate in which rows and a plurality of driver elements are provided, a part of the plurality of driver elements being included in the rows;\na driver IC that outputs signals that drive the driver elements in the rows;\na wiring substrate having a first surface that is connected to the driver element forming substrate, and a second surface that is on the opposite side of the wiring substrate relative to the first surface and that is connected to the driver IC, the wiring substrate being a board made of a silicon single crystal substrate;\nwherein a wire that supplies electrical power to the driver elements and is formed in the second surface of the wiring substrate,\nat least one portion of the wire is embedded in the wiring substrate and a surface of the wire is exposed on the second surface side, and\nwherein the wire is connected to a second wire formed on the first surface of the wiring substrate via a through wire of a plurality of through wires that pass through the wiring substrate.\n\n2. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,\nwherein the wire is formed of an embedded wire that is composed of a conductive material and that is embedded inside the wiring substrate and an outer layer wire that is composed of a conductive material that is different from the conductive material of the embedded wire, the outer layer wire covering a surface of the embedded wire facing the second surface side of the wiring substrate.\n\n3. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,\nwherein the driver IC includes a plurality of circuit blocks that generate the signals that individually drive the driver elements and a plurality of bump electrodes that connect to the circuit blocks, and\nwherein the wire extends in the first direction and is connected to the plurality of bump electrodes.\n\n4. The liquid ejecting head according to claim 1,\nwherein the driver IC, the driver element forming substrate, and the wiring substrate are stacked and are at least partially overlapped."}]}, "label": "B"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Liquid Crystal Display Device Having Dual Link Structure And Method Of Manufacturing The Same\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\n1. Field of Technology The present invention relates to a liquid crystal display (LCD) device and a method of manufacturing the same, and more particularly, to a LCD device having a dual link structure which includes a plurality of link lines disposed at dense intervals on a first layer and a second layer different from the first layer. The present invention provides an LCD device having a dual link structure, and particularly, provides a method of manufacturing an LCD device which proposes a new manufacturing process for reducing the number of masks used in a manufacturing process and can easily manufacture the LCD device in consideration of the possibility of misalignment of exposure equipment. 2. Discussion of the Related Art FIG. 1 is a plan view illustrating an array substrate in which a plurality of switching elements are provided, in a general LCD device. In the LCD device, two substrates with electrodes formed therein face each other and are adhered to each other by a sealant, and liquid crystal is injected therebetween. The liquid crystal is a material having light transmittance anisotropy, and changes a phase of light according to a direction in which the light passes through the liquid crystal. The operation principle of LCD devices is that a polarizer, which changes a phase of light and transmits only specific directional light, transmits and blocks light to realize an image. Also, an alignment direction of the liquid crystal is adjusted by selectively applying voltages to the electrodes formed on the two substrates, in which case the liquid crystal is driven with electric fields generated by the voltages applied to the electrodes and thus the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is changed. A panel, which is configured with the two coupled substrates and the liquid crystal injected therebetween, is called a LCD panel. A process of manufacturing the LCD panel includes: a process of manufacturing an array substrate in which a plurality of pixel electrodes (first electrodes) for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal and a plurality of thin film transistor (TFTs, switching elements) for selectively supplying a voltage to a corresponding pixel electrode are provided; a process of manufacturing a color filter substrate, facing the array substrate, in which a plurality of common electrodes (second electrodes) for applying the electric field to the liquid crystal and a plurality of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color filters are provided; and a process of injecting the liquid crystal between the two substrates. FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a plan view of an array substrate. FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of an area A illustrated in FIG. 1 . Referring to FIG. 1 , an array substrate 1 is divided into an active area AA, in which a plurality of unit pixels are arranged, and an inactive area NA disposed outside the active area AA. In the active area, a plurality of gate lines GL are laterally arranged, and a plurality of data lines DL are vertically arranged to perpendicularly intersect the gate lines GL. One area defined by the gate line GL and the data line DL is a unit pixel area C. An area C of FIG. 1 illustrates the enlarged unit pixel area C. In the one unit pixel area, one pixel electrode P for applying an electric field to liquid crystal is provided, and a thin film transistor (switching element) Tr for selectively applying a voltage to the pixel electrode P is provided at a corner portion of the unit pixel area. The thin film transistor Tr includes a gate electrode connected to a corresponding gate line GL, a source electrode connected to a corresponding data line DL, a drain electrode facing the source electrode, and an active layer that is a semiconductor layer formed of amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon. In the thin film transistor Tr, when a scan signal is applied from the gate line to the gate electrode, a channel of the active layer is opened by the scan signal, and simultaneously, when a pixel signal is applied from the data line, the pixel signal is transferred to the drain electrode through the source electrode and the active layer. Since the drain electrode is connected to the pixel electrode, the pixel signal is applied to the pixel electrode. A driving circuit unit (D-IC) for supplying signals to the gate lines GL and data lines DL disposed in the active area AA is disposed in the inactive area NA.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nDisclosed is an LCD device having a dual link structure and a method of manufacturing the same, which can reduce a width of a bezel. A link line structure includes a plurality of first and second link lines which are alternately disposed. The first and second link lines are formed on different layers. Also, embodiments herein provide a method which can reduce the number of masks used in a manufacturing process and can easily manufacture the LCD device in consideration of the possibility of misalignment of exposure equipment."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD) device having a dual link structure, comprising:\npreparing a first substrate that comprises a pixel area comprising a switching unit and a non-pixel area which comprises a link part and surrounds the pixel area;\nforming a gate electrode in the switching unit on the first substrate, and forming a first link line in the link part;\nforming a first insulating layer covering the first substrate;\nsequentially forming an active layer, an ohmic contact layer, and a source metal layer on the first insulating layer;\npatterning the active layer, the ohmic contact layer, and the source metal layer in one mask process to form a data line, a channel pattern branching from the data line, and a second link line, the channel pattern being formed in the switching unit and the second link line being formed in the link part;\nforming a second insulating layer on the first substrate to cover the channel pattern and the second link line;\nremoving the second insulating layer formed on the channel pattern and the link part;\nforming a transparent electrode layer on the first substrate from which the second insulating layer on the channel pattern and the link part has been removed;\nforming a first photoresist pattern on the transparent electrode layer for a channel to be defined on the gate electrode and a second photoresist pattern on the transparent electrode layer above the second link line; and\nsequentially removing the transparent electrode layer, the source metal layer, and the ohmic contact layer formed on the channel by using the first and the second photoresist pattern as an etching mask to define the channel, form a pixel electrode by a remaining transparent electrode layer under the first photoresist pattern, and complete the second link line comprising a remaining transparent electrode layer, a remaining source metal layer, a remaining ohmic contact layer, and the active layer that are under the second photoresist pattern.\n\n2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nforming a photosensitive organic protective layer on the second insulating layer;\npatterning the photosensitive organic protective layer to expose the channel pattern and the link part; and\nremoving the second insulating layer formed on the channel pattern and the link part by using the photosensitive organic protective layer as an etching mask.\n\n3. The method of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive organic protective layer is formed of photoacryl.\n\n4. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the second insulating layer comprises:\nforming a photoresist pattern, exposing the channel pattern and the link part, on the second insulating layer;\netching an exposed portion of the second insulating layer on the channel pattern and the link part by using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask; and\nremoving the photoresist pattern.\n\n5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second photoresist pattern above the second link line has a width narrower than a line width of the second link line.\n\n6. The method of claim 5, wherein a width of the remaining transparent electrode layer under the second photoresist pattern, a width of the remaining source metal layer under the second photoresist pattern, and a width of the remaining ohmic contact layer under the second photoresist pattern are narrower than a width of the active layer under the second photoresist pattern.\n\n7. The method of claim 6, wherein a width of the remaining transparent electrode layer under the second photoresist pattern, a width of the remaining source metal layer under the second photoresist pattern, and a width of the remaining ohmic contact layer under the second photoresist pattern are substantially the same.\n\n8. The method of claim 6, wherein the entire width of the remaining transparent electrode layer under the second photoresist pattern is on the remaining source metal layer under the second photoresist pattern.\n\n9. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second link lines are alternately disposed in plurality.\n\n10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first link line and a gate line are formed on the same layer.\n\n11. The method of claim 1, wherein the second link line and the data line are formed on the same layer.\n\n12. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first link line and the second link line comprises a gate link line and a data link line.\n\n13. The method of claim 1, wherein in the defining of a channel, the source metal layer is separated from a source electrode and a drain electrode of the switching unit.\n\n14. The method of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are inorganic insulating layers.\n\n15. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nforming a third insulating layer on the first substrate in which the channel is defined and the pixel electrode is formed; and\nforming a common electrode on the third insulating layer.\n\n16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nforming a third insulating layer on the first substrate in which the channel is defined and the pixel electrode is formed; and\nforming a common electrode on the third insulating layer.\n\n17. The method of claim 1, wherein the second link line is not horizontally overlapped with the first link line."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display (LCD) device having a dual link structure, comprising:\npreparing a first substrate that comprises a pixel area comprising a switching unit and a non-pixel area which comprises a link part and surrounds the pixel area;\nforming a gate electrode in the switching unit on the first substrate, and forming a first link line in the link part;\nforming a first insulating layer covering the first substrate;\nsequentially forming an active layer, an ohmic contact layer, and a source metal layer on the first insulating layer;\npatterning the active layer, the ohmic contact layer, and the source metal layer in one mask process to form a data line, a channel pattern branching from the data line, and a second link line, the channel pattern being formed in the switching unit and the second link line being formed in the link part;\nforming a second insulating layer on the first substrate to cover the channel pattern and the second link line;\nremoving the second insulating layer from on the channel pattern and the link part;\nforming a transparent electrode layer on the first substrate from which the second insulating layer on the channel pattern and the link part has been removed;\nforming a first photoresist pattern on the transparent electrode layer for a channel to be defined on the gate electrode and a second photoresist pattern on the transparent electrode layer above the second link line; and\nsequentially removing the transparent electrode layer, the source metal layer, and the ohmic contact layer from on the channel by using the first and the second photoresist pattern as an etching mask to define the channel, form a pixel electrode by a remaining transparent electrode layer under the first photoresist pattern, and complete the second link line comprising a remaining transparent electrode layer, a remaining source metal layer, a remaining ohmic contact layer, and the active layer that are under the second photoresist pattern.\n\n2. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nforming a photosensitive organic protective layer on the second insulating layer;\npatterning the photosensitive organic protective layer to expose the channel pattern and the link part; and\nremoving the second insulating layer from on the channel pattern and the link part by using the photosensitive organic protective layer as an etching mask.\n\n3. The method of claim 1, wherein the removing of the second insulating layer comprises:\nforming a photoresist pattern, exposing the channel pattern and the link part, on the second insulating layer;\netching an exposed portion of the second insulating layer on the channel pattern and the link part by using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask; and\nremoving the photoresist pattern.\n\n4. The method of claim 1, wherein the second photoresist pattern above the second link line has a width narrower than a line width of the second link line.\n\n5. The method of claim 1, wherein the first and second link lines are alternately disposed in plurality.\n\n6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first link line and a gate line are formed on the same layer.\n\n7. The method of claim 1, wherein the second link line and the data line are formed on the same layer.\n\n8. The method of claim 1, wherein each of the first link line and the second link line comprises a gate link line and a data link line.\n\n9. The method of claim 1, wherein in the defining of a channel, the source metal layer is separated from a source electrode and a drain electrode of the switching unit.\n\n10. The method of claim 1, wherein the first insulating layer and the second insulating layer are inorganic insulating layers.\n\n11. The method of claim 2, wherein the photosensitive organic protective layer is formed of photoacryl.\n\n12. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nforming a third insulating layer on the first substrate in which the channel is defined and the pixel electrode is formed; and\nforming a common electrode on the third insulating layer.\n\n13. The method of claim 1, further comprising:\nforming a third insulating layer on the first substrate in which the channel is defined and the pixel electrode is formed; and\nforming a common electrode on the third insulating layer.\n\n14. The method of claim 1, wherein the second link line is not horizontally overlapped with the first link line.\n\n15. The method of claim 4, wherein a width of the remaining transparent electrode layer under the second photoresist pattern, a width of the remaining source metal layer under the second photoresist pattern, and a width of the remaining ohmic contact layer under the second photoresist pattern are narrower than a width of the active layer under the second photoresist pattern.\n\n16. The method of claim 15, wherein a width of the remaining transparent electrode layer under the second photoresist pattern, a width of the remaining source metal layer under the second photoresist pattern, and a width of the remaining ohmic contact layer under the second photoresist pattern are substantially the same.\n\n17. The method of claim 15, wherein the entire width of the remaining transparent electrode layer under the second photoresist pattern is on the remaining source metal layer under the second photoresist pattern."}]}, "label": "A"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Well Tree Hub And Interface For Retrievable Processing Modules\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\nThe present disclosure relates to apparatus and methods for coupling fluid processing or other apparatus into a production flow at or near a production tree, manifold or other equipment. The present disclosure also relates to apparatus and methods for diverting fluids, recovery, and injection. Christmas trees or valve trees are well known in the art of oil and gas wells, and generally comprise an assembly of pipes, valves and fittings installed in a wellhead after completion of drilling and installation of the production tubing to control the flow of oil and gas from the well. Subsea christmas trees typically have at least two bores one of which communicates with the production tubing (the production bore), and the other of which communicates with the annulus (the annulus bore). Typical designs of christmas trees have a side outlet (a production wing branch) to the production bore closed by a production wing valve for removal of production fluids from the production bore. The annulus bore also typically has an annulus wing branch with a respective annulus wing valve. The top of the production bore and the top of the annulus bore are usually capped by a christmas tree cap which typically seals off the various bores in the christmas tree, and provides hydraulic channels for operation of the various valves in the christmas tree by means of intervention equipment, or remotely from an offshore installation. As technology has progressed for subsea installations, subsea processing of fluids is now desirable. Such processing can involve adding chemicals, separating water and sand from the hydrocarbons, pumping the produced fluids, analysing the produced fluids, etc.\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nThe present disclosure relates to providing a hub coupled into a production tree, manifold, or other equipment, and a base module that is attachable to and retrievable from the hub. The base module may be reconfigurable. The base module may be configured to receive other modules that are reconfigurable, wherein the other modules are retrievable from the base module. The hub provides a dedicated space or support at or near the production tree or equipment for using the base module. An interface is provided between the base module and the production tree. A fluid conduit provides a fluid path across or through the interface. The hub may be part of the interface such that the module can fluidly couple to the fluid conduit and the production tree across the interface via the hub."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A wellhead system comprising:\na wellhead valve tree;\na hub connected into the wellhead valve tree by a fluid conduit; and\nan interface including the hub and a support structure;\nwherein the interface support structure is configured to receive a fluid processing module such that the fluid processing module is in direct contact with both the interface support structure and the hub;\nwherein the fluid conduit and the hub are configured to fluidly couple the fluid processing module to the wellhead valve tree across the interface.\n\n2. The system of claim 1, wherein the interface separates a wellhead valve tree space from a space receiving the fluid processing module.\n\n3. The system of claim 2, wherein the hub and the fluid conduit are configured to communicate fluid across the interface between the spaces.\n\n4. The system of claim 1, wherein the interface support structure includes a receptacle for the fluid processing module.\n\n5. The system of claim 4, wherein the receptacle includes a capture plate, a load bearing plate, and cylindrical receptacles having landing bases.\n\n6. The system of claim 4 wherein the receptacle is not connected to the hub.\n\n7. The system of claim 4 wherein the receptacle is coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n8. The system of claim 1, wherein the interface support structure includes a support frame coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n9. The system of claim 8 wherein the hub is disposed on a floor of the support frame.\n\n10. A wellhead system comprising:\na wellhead valve tree;\na hub connected into the wellhead valve tree by a fluid conduit; and\nan interface including the hub and a support structure;\nwherein the interface support structure is configured to receive a fluid processing module;\nwherein the fluid conduit and the hub are configured to fluidly couple the fluid processing module to the wellhead valve tree across the interface;\nwherein the fluid processing module is configured to engage the interface support structure to resist movement of the fluid processing module before engaging the hub for a fluid connection.\n\n11. The system of claim 10, wherein the interface support structure includes a receptacle for the fluid processing module.\n\n12. The system of claim 11, wherein the receptacle includes a capture plate, a load bearing plate, and cylindrical receptacles having landing bases.\n\n13. The system of claim 11, wherein the receptacle is not connected to the hub.\n\n14. The system of claim 11, wherein the receptacle is coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n15. The system of claim 10, wherein the fluid processing module includes a hydraulic cylinder configured to control movement of the fluid processing module toward the hub.\n\n16. The system of claim 15, wherein the fluid processing module includes a water damper configured to provide a passive soft landing of the fluid processing module onto the hub.\n\n17. A method of connecting a fluid processing module to a wellhead valve tree, the method comprising:\nengaging the fluid processing module with an interface support structure having a support structure and a hub connected into the wellhead valve tree by a fluid conduit;\nresisting movement of the fluid processing module toward the hub; and\nengaging the fluid processing module with the hub to fluidly connect the fluid processing module with the wellhead valve tree;\nwhereby the fluid processing module is in direct contact with the interface support structure at the hub.\n\n18. The method of claim 17, wherein the interface support structure includes a receptacle for the fluid processing module, the receptacle being coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n19. The method of claim 17, wherein the fluid processing module includes a hydraulic cylinder configured to control movement of the fluid processing module toward the hub.\n\n20. The system of claim 17, wherein the fluid processing module includes a water damper configured to provide a passive soft landing of the fluid processing module onto the hub."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A wellhead system comprising:\na wellhead valve tree;\na hub laterally spaced from the wellhead valve tree and connected into the wellhead valve tree by a fluid conduit; and\nan interface including the hub and a support structure;\nwherein the interface support structure is configured to receive a fluid processing module such that the fluid processing module is in direct contact with both the interface support structure and the hub;\nwherein the fluid conduit and the hub are configured to fluidly couple the fluid processing module to the wellhead valve tree across the interface;\nwherein the fluid processing module includes a water damper comprising a water chamber and a piston rod slidably disposed in the water chamber to provide a passive soft landing of the fluid processing module onto the hub.\n\n2. The system of claim 1, wherein the interface separates a wellhead valve tree space from a space receiving the fluid processing module.\n\n3. The system of claim 2, wherein the hub and the fluid conduit are configured to communicate fluid across the interface between the spaces.\n\n4. The system of claim 1, wherein the interface support structure includes a receptacle for the fluid processing module.\n\n5. The system of claim 4, wherein the receptacle includes a capture plate, a load bearing plate, and cylindrical receptacles having landing bases.\n\n6. The system of claim 4 wherein the receptacle is not connected to the hub.\n\n7. The system of claim 4 wherein the receptacle is coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n8. The system of claim 1, wherein the interface support structure includes a support frame coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n9. The system of claim 8 wherein the hub is disposed on a floor of the support frame.\n\n10. A wellhead system comprising:\na wellhead valve tree;\na hub connected into the wellhead valve tree by a fluid conduit; and\nan interface including the hub and a support structure;\nwherein the interface support structure is configured to receive a fluid processing module;\nwherein the fluid conduit and the hub are configured to fluidly couple the fluid processing module to the wellhead valve tree across the interface;\nwherein the fluid processing module is configured to engage the interface support structure to resist movement of the fluid processing module before engaging the hub for a fluid connection;\nwherein the fluid processing module includes a water damper comprising a water chamber and a piston rod slidably disposed in the water chamber to provide a passive soft landing of the fluid processing module onto the hub;\nwherein the fluid processing module includes an end member contacting the piston rod, and wherein the interface support structure comprises a receptacle configured to receive the end member.\n\n11. The system of claim 10, wherein the receptacle includes a capture plate, a load bearing plate, and cylindrical receptacles having landing bases.\n\n12. The system of claim 10, wherein the receptacle is not connected to the hub.\n\n13. The system of claim 10, wherein the receptacle is coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n14. The system of claim 10, wherein the fluid processing module includes a hydraulic cylinder configured to control movement of the fluid processing module toward the hub.\n\n15. A method of connecting a fluid processing module to a wellhead valve tree, the method comprising:\nengaging the fluid processing module with an interface support structure having a support structure and a hub connected into the wellhead valve tree by a fluid conduit;\nresisting movement of the fluid processing module toward the hub;\nsliding a piston rod of a water damper of the fluid processing module through a water chamber of the damper to provide a passive soft landing of the fluid processing module onto the hub;\nreceiving an end member in contact with the piston rod in a receptacle of the interface support structure; and\nengaging the fluid processing module with the hub to fluidly connect the fluid processing module with the wellhead valve tree;\nwhereby the fluid processing module is in direct contact with the interface support structure at the hub.\n\n16. The method of claim 15, wherein the receptacle of the interface support structure is coupled to and supported by the wellhead valve tree.\n\n17. The method of claim 15, wherein the fluid processing module includes a hydraulic cylinder configured to control movement of the fluid processing module toward the hub."}]}, "label": "B"}
{"comparison": {"prompt_conversation": [{"role": "system", "content": "You are an expert US patent attorney. Draft a set of independent and dependent claims based on the provided invention description. Use correct USPTO formatting."}, {"role": "user", "content": "Title: Vehicle Monitoring Apparatus And Vehicle Monitoring Method\n\nTechnical Field and Background:\nSystems that photograph a roadway or the like using a camera, detect a vehicle in an imaged image, and read in information described on a license plate, are known. Such systems may be mounted at an entrance or an exit or a toll road, for example, in order to recognize a passing vehicle. Reading information described on a vehicle license plate from a cameran image and then performing character recognition processing on the overall image may cause the processing load to become excessive, and information may not be able to be read in efficiently. Refer to JP 4690657 .\n\nInvention Disclosure:\nAn embodiment of a vehicle monitoring apparatus has a determiner and a reader. The determiner determines whether or not a specific site of a vehicle exists at least in an area of an image, the image imaged by an imager, the area being one of multiple areas into which the image is divided by dividing line that are substantially orthogonal to a direction of travel of the vehicle. The reader reads information on a license plate mounted to the vehicle from the area in case that the determiner determines the specific site of the vehicle is determined to exist in the area."}], "completion_A": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A vehicle monitoring apparatus comprising:\nan imager that comprises a first imager that images an image of a front of a vehicle approaching a predefined location, a second imager that images an image of a top of a vehicle passing through the predefined location and a third imager that images an image of a rear of a vehicle moving away from the predefined location,\na determiner that determines whether or not a specific site of a vehicle exists at least in an area of the image imaged by the imager, the area being one of multiple areas into which the image is divided by one or more dividing lines that are substantially orthogonal to a direction of travel of the vehicle;\na reader that reads information on a license plate mounted to the vehicle from the area in case that the determiner determines the specific site of the vehicle exists in the area;\na vehicle location estimator that identifies a location of the vehicle in vicinity of the area at each time measurement based on the image imaged by the second imager, the vehicle being detected from the image imaged by the first imager; and\na vehicle type allocator that allocates information at the location of the vehicle, the information read from the image imaged by the first imager.\n\n2. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein\nthe vehicle location estimator detects changing lanes or passing other vehicle of a vehicle in the vicinity of the area, based on the image imaged by the second imager.\n\n3. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:\na speed measurer that measures a speed of the vehicle of which location was identified by the vehicle location estimator, based on a movement amount of location of the vehicle per unit time.\n\n4. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 3, wherein\nthe speed measurer reports a warning device of a possibility that a vehicle may have stopped due to a malfunction or an accident for cases where the speed measured by the speed measurer is greatly skewed between vehicles.\n\n5. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:\na camera controller that controls the imager, and\na vehicle information combiner that combines exit time information and a lane in which a vehicle is moving which information allocated by the vehicle type allocator for each vehicle that exists from an area beneath a gantry on which the first imager, the second imager and the third imager are mounted, wherein\nthe camera controller increases a shutter speed of the imager when the vehicle information combiner finds that there is a vehicle passing through at a conspicuously high speed.\n\n6. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 3, further comprising:\na camera controller that controls the imager, wherein\nthe camera controller estimates a timing at which a vehicle will enter the area and let a lighting apparatus light at the timing, the lighting apparatus is located in the vicinity of the area.\n\n7. A method of monitoring a vehicle comprising:\nimaging an image of a front of a vehicle approaching a predefined location, an image of a top of a vehicle passing through the predefined location and an image of a rear of a vehicle moving away from the predefined location;\ndetermining whether or not a specific site of a vehicle exists at least in an area of the image, the area being one of multiple areas into which the image is divided by one or more dividing lines that are substantially orthogonal to a direction of travel of the vehicle;\nreading information on a license plate mounted to the vehicle from the area in case it is determined that the specific site of the vehicle is exists in the area;\nidentifying a location of the vehicle in vicinity of the area at each time measurement based on the image of the top of the vehicle, the vehicle being detected from the image of the front of the vehicle; and\nallocating information at the location of the vehicle, the information read from the front image of the vehicle."}], "completion_B": [{"role": "assistant", "content": "1. A vehicle monitoring apparatus comprising:\na determiner that determines whether or not a specific site of a vehicle exists at least in an area of an image, the image imaged by an imager mounted to a location for imaging an image of the vehicle, the area being one of multiple areas into which the image is divided by one or more dividing lines that are substantially orthogonal to a direction of travel of the vehicle; and\na reader that reads information on a license plate mounted to the vehicle from the area in case that the determiner determines the specific site of the vehicle is determined to exist in the area.\n\n2. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the specific site is a front end portion or a rear end portion.\n\n3. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:\na vehicle type determiner that determines a type of vehicle shown in an image imaged by the imager;\nwherein the reader determines a scanning area for scanning the license plate from the area, based on the type of vehicle determined by the vehicle type determiner.\n\n4. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising:\na vehicle state classifier that classifies a vehicle state in at least one of the multiple areas imaged by the imager, based on a pattern of a portion of a vehicle existing in each of the multiple areas in an image imaged by the imager; and\na measurer that measures the number of vehicles passing through based on changes in vehicle states classified by the vehicle state classifier.\n\n5. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:\nthe imager comprises:\na first imager that images an image of a front of a vehicle approaching a predefined location; and\na second imager that images an image of a rear of a vehicle moving away from the predefined location, the second imager being directed to a direction same to the traveling of a vehicle\nwherein the vehicle monitoring apparatus further comprises a combiner that combines information based on an image imaged by the first imager and information based on an image imaged by the second imager.\n\n6. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 5, further comprising:\na provider that provides an imaging parameter to the second imager using information based on an image imaged by the first imager.\n\n7. A method of monitoring a vehicle, comprising:\ndetermining whether or not a specific site of a vehicle exists at least in an area of an image, the image imaged by an imager mounted to a location for imaging an image of the vehicle, the area being one of multiple areas into which the image is divided by one or more dividing lines that are substantially orthogonal to a direction of travel of the vehicle; and\nreading information described on a license plate mounted to the vehicle from the area, in a case that the specific site of the vehicle is determined to exist in the area.\n\n8. The method of monitoring a vehicle according to claim 7, wherein the specific site is a front end portion or a rear end portion.\n\n9. The method of monitoring a vehicle according to claim 7, further comprising:\ndetermining a type of vehicle shown in an image imaged by the imager,\nwherein, reading the information comprises:\ndetermining a scanning area for scanning the license plate from the area, based on the type of vehicle determined by the vehicle type determiner.\n\n10. The method of monitoring a vehicle according to claim 7, further comprising:\nclassifying a vehicle state in at least one of the multiple areas imaged by the imager, based on a pattern of a portion of a vehicle existing in each of the multiple areas in an image imaged by the imager; and\nmeasuring the number of vehicles passing through based on changes in vehicle states classified by classifying the vehicle state.\n\n11. The method of monitoring a vehicle according to claim 7, further comprising:\ncombining information based on an image imaged by the first imager and information based on an image imaged by the second imager, the first imager and the second imager are included by the imager, the first imager images an image of a front of a vehicle approaching a predefined location, and the second imager images an image of a rear of a vehicle moving away from the predefined location.\n\n12. The method of monitoring a vehicle according to claim 11, further comprising:\nproviding an imaging parameter to the second imager using information based on an image imaged by the first imager.\n\n13. A vehicle monitoring apparatus comprising:\na vehicle state classifier that classifies a vehicle state in at least one of multiple areas in an image imaged by an imager mounted to a location for imaging an image of the vehicle, based on a pattern of a portion of a vehicle existing in the at least one of the multiple areas, the image is divided into the areas at least by one or more dividing lines that are substantially orthogonal to a direction of travel of the vehicle; and\na measurer that measures the number of vehicles passing through based on changes in vehicle states classified by the vehicle state classifier.\n\n14. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the specific site is a front end portion or a rear end portion.\n\n15. A vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:\na vehicle type determiner that determines a type of vehicle shown in an image imaged by the imager;\na reader that reads information on a license plate mounted to the vehicle from the area, the reader determines a scanning area for scanning the license plate from the area, based on the type of vehicle determined by the vehicle type determiner.\n\n16. A vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 13, wherein:\nthe imager comprises:\na first imager that images an image of a front of a vehicle approaching a predefined location, the first imager being directed to a direction opposite to the traveling of a vehicle; and\na second imager that images an image of a rear of a vehicle moving away from the predefined location, the second imager being directed to a direction same to the traveling of a vehicle; and\nwherein the vehicle monitoring apparatus further comprises a combiner that combines information based on an image imaged by the first imager and information based on an image imaged by the second imager.\n\n17. The vehicle monitoring apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising:\na provider that provides an imaging parameter to the second imager using information based on an image imaged by the first imager."}]}, "label": "A"}