"""External product-structure benchmark with overlap quarantine and block bootstrap."""

from __future__ import annotations

from collections.abc import Mapping

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import torch
from scipy import stats
from torch.nn import functional as F

from .metrics import expected_tie_aware_metrics


def load_structure_matrix(path: str) -> pd.DataFrame:
    matrix = pd.read_csv(path, index_col=0)
    matrix.index = matrix.index.astype(str)
    matrix.columns = matrix.columns.astype(str)
    if matrix.shape[0] != matrix.shape[1] or set(matrix.index) != set(matrix.columns):
        raise ValueError("Product-structure similarity matrix must be square")
    matrix = matrix.loc[matrix.index, matrix.index]
    values = matrix.to_numpy(dtype=float)
    if not np.allclose(values, values.T, equal_nan=False):
        raise ValueError("Product-structure similarity matrix must be symmetric")
    if np.nanmin(values) < 0 or np.nanmax(values) > 1:
        raise ValueError("Product-structure similarities must be in [0, 1]")
    return matrix


def eligible_external_ids(
    structure_matrix: pd.DataFrame,
    embedding_ids: set[str],
    training_split: pd.DataFrame,
) -> list[str]:
    blocked = set(
        training_split.loc[
            training_split["split"].isin(["train", "validation"]), "group_id"
        ].astype(str)
    )
    identifiers = set(structure_matrix.index).intersection(embedding_ids).difference(blocked)
    if identifiers.intersection(blocked):
        raise AssertionError("Training/validation MIBiG references leaked into external evaluation")
    return sorted(identifiers)


def all_pair_scores(
    embeddings: Mapping[str, torch.Tensor], identifiers: list[str]
) -> pd.DataFrame:
    values = torch.stack([F.normalize(embeddings[identifier].float(), dim=0) for identifier in identifiers])
    similarities = (values @ values.T).cpu().numpy()
    left, right = np.triu_indices(len(identifiers), k=1)
    return pd.DataFrame(
        {
            "record_a": [identifiers[index] for index in left],
            "record_b": [identifiers[index] for index in right],
            "score": similarities[left, right],
        }
    )


def score_requested_pairs(
    embeddings: Mapping[str, torch.Tensor], pairs: pd.DataFrame
) -> pd.DataFrame:
    required = {"record_a", "record_b"}
    if missing := required.difference(pairs.columns):
        raise ValueError(f"Requested pairs are missing columns: {sorted(missing)}")
    result = pairs[["record_a", "record_b"]].copy()
    result["score"] = [
        float(F.cosine_similarity(embeddings[left], embeddings[right], dim=0))
        for left, right in zip(result["record_a"], result["record_b"])
    ]
    return result


def attach_structural_truth(edges: pd.DataFrame, matrix: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
    required = {"record_a", "record_b", "score"}
    if missing := required.difference(edges.columns):
        raise ValueError(f"Pair scores are missing columns: {sorted(missing)}")
    valid = edges["record_a"].isin(matrix.index) & edges["record_b"].isin(matrix.index)
    result = edges[valid].copy()
    result["structural_similarity"] = [
        float(matrix.loc[left, right])
        for left, right in zip(result["record_a"], result["record_b"])
    ]
    return result


def spearman_summary(edges: pd.DataFrame) -> dict[str, float | int]:
    if len(edges) < 3:
        raise ValueError("At least three scored pairs are required")
    correlation, p_value = stats.spearmanr(edges["score"], edges["structural_similarity"])
    return {"pairs": len(edges), "spearman_r": float(correlation), "p_value": float(p_value)}


def anchor_block_bootstrap(
    edges: pd.DataFrame,
    samples: int,
    confidence: float,
    seed: int,
) -> tuple[float, float]:
    """Two-endpoint BGC cluster bootstrap on fixed full-sample ranks.

    Spearman correlation is Pearson correlation of ranks. Ranking once and
    resampling endpoint-level sufficient statistics avoids materializing a
    million-row pair table for every replicate. Each dyad contributes half of
    its weight to each endpoint, so every BGC is represented as a dependence
    block instead of assigning pairs to the lexicographically smaller ID.
    """
    if samples < 1:
        raise ValueError("Bootstrap samples must be positive")
    if not 0.0 < confidence < 1.0:
        raise ValueError("Bootstrap confidence must be between zero and one")
    if len(edges) < 3:
        raise ValueError("At least three scored pairs are required")

    score_rank = stats.rankdata(edges["score"].to_numpy(dtype=float), method="average")
    truth_rank = stats.rankdata(
        edges["structural_similarity"].to_numpy(dtype=float), method="average"
    )
    endpoint_frame = pd.DataFrame(
        {
            "anchor": np.concatenate(
                [
                    edges["record_a"].astype(str).to_numpy(),
                    edges["record_b"].astype(str).to_numpy(),
                ]
            ),
            "weight": 0.5,
            "x": np.tile(score_rank, 2),
            "y": np.tile(truth_rank, 2),
        }
    )
    endpoint_frame["x2"] = endpoint_frame["x"] ** 2
    endpoint_frame["y2"] = endpoint_frame["y"] ** 2
    endpoint_frame["xy"] = endpoint_frame["x"] * endpoint_frame["y"]
    for column in ("x", "y", "x2", "y2", "xy"):
        endpoint_frame[column] *= endpoint_frame["weight"]
    blocks = (
        endpoint_frame.groupby("anchor", sort=True)[
            ["weight", "x", "y", "x2", "y2", "xy"]
        ]
        .sum()
        .to_numpy(dtype=float)
    )
    if len(blocks) < 2:
        raise ValueError("At least two BGC endpoint blocks are required")

    random_state = np.random.default_rng(seed)
    correlations: list[float] = []
    for _ in range(samples):
        selected = random_state.integers(0, len(blocks), size=len(blocks))
        weight, sum_x, sum_y, sum_x2, sum_y2, sum_xy = blocks[selected].sum(axis=0)
        covariance = sum_xy - (sum_x * sum_y / weight)
        variance_x = sum_x2 - (sum_x * sum_x / weight)
        variance_y = sum_y2 - (sum_y * sum_y / weight)
        denominator = np.sqrt(max(variance_x, 0.0) * max(variance_y, 0.0))
        if denominator > 0.0:
            correlations.append(float(covariance / denominator))
    if not correlations:
        raise ValueError("No finite block-bootstrap correlations could be calculated")
    tail = (1.0 - confidence) / 2.0
    return tuple(float(value) for value in np.quantile(correlations, [tail, 1.0 - tail]))


def mark_cross_genus(edges: pd.DataFrame, metadata: pd.DataFrame) -> pd.DataFrame:
    genus = metadata.loc[metadata["genus_count"] == 1].set_index("bgc_id")["genera"].to_dict()
    result = edges.copy()
    result["cross_genus"] = [
        left in genus and right in genus and genus[left].lower() != genus[right].lower()
        for left, right in zip(result.record_a, result.record_b)
    ]
    return result


def exact_product_retrieval(
    embeddings: Mapping[str, torch.Tensor],
    gold_mapping: pd.DataFrame,
    eligible_ids: set[str],
    cutoff: int = 50,
) -> pd.DataFrame:
    mapping = gold_mapping[gold_mapping["bgc_id"].isin(eligible_ids)].copy()
    sizes = mapping.groupby("product_group_id")["bgc_id"].nunique()
    mapping = mapping[mapping["product_group_id"].isin(sizes[sizes >= 2].index)]
    universe = sorted(mapping["bgc_id"].unique())
    group_by_bgc = mapping.set_index("bgc_id")["product_group_id"].to_dict()
    genus_by_bgc = mapping.set_index("bgc_id")["genus"].astype(str).to_dict()
    rows = []
    for reference in universe:
        candidates = [identifier for identifier in universe if identifier != reference]
        relevant = {
            identifier for identifier in candidates
            if group_by_bgc[identifier] == group_by_bgc[reference]
        }
        if not relevant:
            continue
        scores = {
            identifier: float(F.cosine_similarity(embeddings[reference], embeddings[identifier], dim=0))
            for identifier in candidates
        }
        metrics = expected_tie_aware_metrics(scores, relevant, recall_at=(cutoff,), ndcg_at=(cutoff,))
        cross_genus_relevant = {
            identifier for identifier in relevant
            if genus_by_bgc[identifier].lower() != genus_by_bgc[reference].lower()
        }
        rows.append(
            {
                "reference_id": reference,
                "product_group_id": group_by_bgc[reference],
                "reference_genus": genus_by_bgc[reference],
                "cross_genus_positive_count": len(cross_genus_relevant),
                **metrics,
            }
        )
    return pd.DataFrame(rows)


def evaluate_similarity_method(
    name: str,
    edges: pd.DataFrame,
    structure_matrix: pd.DataFrame,
    metadata: pd.DataFrame,
    bootstrap_samples: int,
    confidence: float,
    seed: int,
) -> tuple[pd.DataFrame, list[dict[str, object]]]:
    scored = mark_cross_genus(attach_structural_truth(edges, structure_matrix), metadata)
    summaries: list[dict[str, object]] = []
    for subset_name, subset in (("all", scored), ("cross_genus", scored[scored["cross_genus"]])):
        if len(subset) < 3:
            continue
        summary = spearman_summary(subset)
        lower, upper = anchor_block_bootstrap(
            subset, bootstrap_samples, confidence, seed
        )
        summaries.append(
            {"method": name, "subset": subset_name, **summary,
             "ci_lower": lower, "ci_upper": upper,
             "bootstrap_unit": "two_endpoint_bgc_cluster_fixed_ranks"}
        )
    scored["method"] = name
    return scored, summaries