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- README.md +292 -137
- models/embeddings/monolingual/arc_128d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/arc_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/arc_32d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/arc_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/arc_64d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/arc_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/arc_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/arc_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/arc_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/arc_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/arc_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/arc_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/arc_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/arc_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/arc_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/arc_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/arc_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/arc_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/arc_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
- models/vocabulary/arc_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
- models/vocabulary/arc_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/arc_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/arc_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/arc_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/arc_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/arc_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/arc_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/arc_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
- visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_entropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/model_sizes.png +0 -0
README.md
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 4.
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value:
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generated:
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---
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# ARC - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6.
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 3.
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| **16k** | 3.
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| **32k** | 4.
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:**
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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**Sample 2:** `1847 ܗܘܬ ܫܢܬܐ܀
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ܐܬܝܠܕ
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ܡܝܬ
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ܣܕܪܐ:ܕܪܐ ܬܫܥܣܪܝܢܝܐ`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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**Sample 3:** `ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܕܒܝܠܓܝܟ ܗܝ ܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ ܒܛܘܪܩܝܐ܀
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 32k achieves 4.
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **3-gram** | 2,
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~43% of corpus
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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### Results
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| Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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### Generated Text Samples
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Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
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**Context Size 1:**
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**Context Size 2:**
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**Context Size 3:**
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**Context Size 4:**
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Vocabulary Size | 6,
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| Median Frequency | 3 |
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### Most Common Words
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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| Top 10,000 | 0.0% |
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### Key Findings
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### Model Comparison
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.
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- **Recommendation:**
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---
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##
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| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
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|-----------|-------------|-----------|
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| Tokenizer | **32k BPE** | Best compression (4.
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| N-gram | **
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| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (
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| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
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---
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## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
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author = {Kamali, Omar},
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title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
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institution = {Omneity Labs}
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}
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- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
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- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
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- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
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---
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*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
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*Report Date:
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 4.583
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.2739
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value: 0
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generated: 2026-01-03
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---
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# ARC - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
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- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 3.552x | 3.57 | 0.1271% | 63,747 |
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| **16k** | 3.988x | 4.01 | 0.1427% | 56,780 |
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| **32k** | 4.583x 🏆 | 4.60 | 0.1640% | 49,402 |
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `ܡܬܠܬܐ ܗܘ ܐܣܟܡܐ ܡܚܪܝܐ (ܓܐܘܡܛܪܝܐ) ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܬܠܬܐ ܐܠܥ̈ܐ ܘܬܠܬܐ ܙܘܝܬ̈ܐ܀`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁ܡܬܠܬܐ ▁ܗܘ ▁ܐܣܟܡܐ ▁ܡܚܪܝܐ ▁( ܓܐ ܘܡ ܛܪܝܐ ) ▁ܕܐܝܬ ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
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| 16k | `▁ܡܬܠܬܐ ▁ܗܘ ▁ܐܣܟܡܐ ▁ܡܚܪܝܐ ▁( ܓܐܘܡܛܪܝܐ ) ▁ܕܐܝܬ ▁ܠܗ ▁ܬܠܬܐ ... (+4 more)` | 14 |
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| 32k | `▁ܡܬܠܬܐ ▁ܗܘ ▁ܐܣܟܡܐ ▁ܡܚܪܝܐ ▁( ܓܐܘܡܛܪܝܐ ) ▁ܕܐܝܬ ▁ܠܗ ▁ܬܠܬܐ ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
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**Sample 2:** `ܟܐܢܣܐܣ ܐܘ ܟܐܢܙܐܣ (Kansas) ܐܝܬܝܗ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܓܘ ܡܢܬܐ ܡܥܪܒܝܬܐ ܡܨܥܝܬܐ ܕܐ̈ܘܚܕܢܐ ܡ̈ܚܝܕܐ ܕܐ...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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+
| 8k | `▁ܟ ܐܢ ܣܐܣ ▁ܐܘ ▁ܟ ܐܢ ܙܐ ܣ ▁( k ... (+14 more)` | 24 |
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| 16k | `▁ܟܐܢܣܐܣ ▁ܐܘ ▁ܟܐܢܙܐܣ ▁( kansas ) ▁ܐܝܬܝܗ ▁ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ▁ܓܘ ▁ܡܢܬܐ ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
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| 32k | `▁ܟܐܢܣܐܣ ▁ܐܘ ▁ܟܐܢܙܐܣ ▁( kansas ) ▁ܐܝܬܝܗ ▁ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ▁ܓܘ ▁ܡܢܬܐ ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
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**Sample 3:** `ܢܝܘ ܗܐܡܦܫܪ (New Hampshire) ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܓܘ ܡܢܬܐ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܬܐ ܕܐܬ݂ܪ̈ܘܬ݂ܐ ܡ̈ܚܝܕܐ ܕܐܡ...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁ܢܝܘ ▁ܗܐܡ ܦܫ ܪ ▁( new ▁h am p shi ... (+14 more)` | 24 |
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| 16k | `▁ܢܝܘ ▁ܗܐܡܦܫܪ ▁( new ▁hamp shire ) ▁ܗܝ ▁ܐܬܪܐ ▁ܓܘ ... (+9 more)` | 19 |
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| 32k | `▁ܢܝܘ ▁ܗܐܡܦܫܪ ▁( new ▁hampshire ) ▁ܗܝ ▁ܐܬܪܐ ▁ܓܘ ▁ܡܢܬܐ ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 32k achieves 4.583x compression
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.1271% unknown tokens
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
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| **2-gram** | Word | 477 | 8.90 | 718 | 45.8% | 100.0% |
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| **2-gram** | Subword | 365 🏆 | 8.51 | 2,347 | 59.8% | 96.1% |
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| **3-gram** | Word | 437 | 8.77 | 752 | 52.0% | 100.0% |
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| **3-gram** | Subword | 2,390 | 11.22 | 10,625 | 28.2% | 66.9% |
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| **4-gram** | Word | 742 | 9.53 | 1,438 | 43.7% | 84.6% |
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| **4-gram** | Subword | 8,576 | 13.07 | 28,979 | 14.2% | 43.1% |
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `ܐܦ ܚܙܝ` | 193 |
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| 2 | `ܚܕ ܡܢ` | 141 |
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| 3 | `ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ` | 123 |
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| 4 | `ܐܝܬ ܠܗ` | 103 |
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| 5 | `ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ` | 88 |
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**3-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ` | 72 |
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| 2 | `ܢܕܢܐ ܡܠܝܝܐ ܢܟܓܐܝܚܢܛܟ` | 52 |
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| 3 | `ܡܒܕ ܫܐܢܡܝܢ ܪܡܝܚܢܐܢ` | 52 |
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| 4 | `ܒܟܡ ܣܢܝܓܚܝܢܪܢ ܟܢܫܙܢ` | 52 |
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| 5 | `ܣܢܝܓܚܝܢܪܢ ܟܢܫܙܢ ܢܝܛܠܐ` | 52 |
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| 164 |
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**4-grams (Word):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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+
| 1 | `ܐܤܡ ܟܛܠ ܚܢܝܬܝܐ ܡܕܛܚܝܢܐ` | 52 |
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| 170 |
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| 2 | `ܢܝܛܠܐ ܝܟܝܟܕ ܝܡܓܚܝܢܐ ܐܓܐ` | 52 |
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| 171 |
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| 3 | `ܝܟܝܟܕ ܝܡܓܚܝܢܐ ܐܓܐ ܟܡܠܐ` | 52 |
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| 172 |
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| 4 | `ܝܡܓܚܝܢܐ ܐܓܐ ܟܡܠܐ ܣܐܙܬܝܐܢ` | 52 |
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| 173 |
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| 5 | `ܡܓܝܡܡ ܡܟܒܡ ܠܣܐܟ ܒܟܡ` | 52 |
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**2-grams (Subword):**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 179 |
+
| 1 | `ܐ _` | 24,633 |
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| 180 |
+
| 2 | `_ ܕ` | 7,621 |
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| 181 |
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| 3 | `ܬ ܐ` | 7,176 |
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| 182 |
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| 4 | `_ ܐ` | 6,899 |
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| 183 |
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| 5 | `ܝ ܐ` | 5,702 |
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| 184 |
+
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| 185 |
+
**3-grams (Subword):**
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+
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| 187 |
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| 188 |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 189 |
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| 1 | `ܐ _ ܕ` | 6,138 |
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| 190 |
+
| 2 | `ܬ ܐ _` | 5,890 |
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| 191 |
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| 3 | `ܝ ܐ _` | 4,242 |
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| 192 |
+
| 4 | `ܐ _ ܐ` | 2,477 |
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| 193 |
+
| 5 | `ܢ ܐ _` | 2,397 |
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| 194 |
+
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| 195 |
+
**4-grams (Subword):**
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| 196 |
+
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| 197 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| 198 |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `ܬ ܐ _ ܕ` | 2,008 |
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| 200 |
+
| 2 | `ܝ ܬ ܐ _` | 1,523 |
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| 201 |
+
| 3 | `ܐ ܝ ܬ _` | 1,367 |
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| 202 |
+
| 4 | `ܘ ܬ ܐ _` | 1,297 |
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| 203 |
+
| 5 | `_ ܡ ܢ _` | 1,210 |
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| 204 |
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| 205 |
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| 206 |
### Key Findings
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| 207 |
|
| 208 |
+
- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 365
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| 209 |
- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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| 210 |
- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~43% of corpus
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| 211 |
- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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|
| 215 |
|
| 216 |

|
| 217 |
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| 218 |
+

|
| 219 |
+
|
| 220 |

|
| 221 |
|
| 222 |
### Results
|
| 223 |
|
| 224 |
+
| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
|
| 225 |
+
|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
|
| 226 |
+
| **1** | Word | 0.5449 | 1.459 | 2.60 | 18,018 | 45.5% |
|
| 227 |
+
| **1** | Subword | 0.9655 | 1.953 | 6.06 | 1,232 | 3.5% |
|
| 228 |
+
| **2** | Word | 0.1027 | 1.074 | 1.16 | 45,749 | 89.7% |
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| 229 |
+
| **2** | Subword | 0.7977 | 1.738 | 3.85 | 7,459 | 20.2% |
|
| 230 |
+
| **3** | Word | 0.0295 | 1.021 | 1.04 | 51,822 | 97.1% |
|
| 231 |
+
| **3** | Subword | 0.5934 | 1.509 | 2.45 | 28,618 | 40.7% |
|
| 232 |
+
| **4** | Word | 0.0106 🏆 | 1.007 | 1.01 | 52,472 | 98.9% |
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| 233 |
+
| **4** | Subword | 0.3583 | 1.282 | 1.71 | 69,915 | 64.2% |
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| 234 |
|
| 235 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
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| 236 |
|
| 237 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
|
| 238 |
|
| 239 |
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 240 |
|
| 241 |
+
1. `ܡܢ ܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܗܘܠܢܕ̈ܝܐ ܗܘܠܢܕܐܝܬ hengelo ܗܝ ܐܘܚܕܢܐ ܒܓܪܒܝܐ ܕܥܝܪܐܩ ܝܘܡܢܐ ܬܡܢ ܣܝܡܠܗ̇ ܥܕܬ̈ܐ ܡܕܢܚܝܬ̈ܐ ܕܐܬ݂...`
|
| 242 |
+
2. `ܐܘ ܙܢܓܒܝܠܐ ܗܘ ܡܣܘܪܩܐ ܡܐܢܐ ܕܐܪܕܟܠܘܬܐ`
|
| 243 |
+
3. `ܗܘ ܓܘܣܐ ܒܥܠܬܐ ܐܘ ܝܣܪܝܠ ܐܘ ܬܫܪܝܢ ܒ ܩܛܠܥܡܐ ܣܘܪܝܝܐ ܒ ت ܬ ܦ 80 754`
|
| 244 |
|
| 245 |
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 246 |
|
| 247 |
+
1. `ܐܦ ܚܙܝ ܓܒܪܐ`
|
| 248 |
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2. `ܚܕ ܡܢ ܐܪܒܥܐ ܟܬܒ̈ܐ ܩܕ̈ܡܝܐ ܕܕܝܬܝܩܝ ܚܕܬܐ ܦܘܠܘܣ ܫܠܝܚܐ ܟܬܒ ܗܕܐ ܐܓܪܬܐ ܠܩܘܠܣܝ̈ܐ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܐܢܫ̈ܐ ܕܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܕܐܦܣܘܣ`
|
| 249 |
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3. `ܗܝ ܐܬܪܐ ܒܐܘܪܘܦܐ ܩܘܛܢܝܘܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܗܝ ܒܓܘ ܓܙܪܬܐ ܕܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܠܐܝܪܠܢܕ ܓܪܒܝܝܬܐ ܐܝܬ ܬܚܘܡܐ ܥܡ ܪܘܡܢܝܐ ܘܥܡ ܛܘܪܩܝܐ`
|
| 250 |
|
| 251 |
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 252 |
|
| 253 |
+
1. `ܗܘ ܚܕ ܡܢ ܓܘܢ̈ܐ ܪ̈ܝܫܝܐ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܣܘܡܩܐ ܘܫܥܘܬܐ ܘܙܪܩܐ ܢܘܗܪܐ ܣܘܡܩܐ ܐܝܬ ܠܗ ܐܘܪܟܐ ܓܠܠܝܐ ܢܐܢܘܡܝܛܪ`
|
| 254 |
+
2. `ܡܓܝܡܡ ܡܟܒܡ ܠܣܐܟ ܒܟܡ ܣܢܝܓܚܝܢܪܢ ܟܢܫܙܢ ܢܝܛܠܐ ܝܟܝܟܕ ܝܡܓܚܝܢܐ ܐܓܐ ܟܡܠܐ ܣܐܙܬܝܐܢ ܝܠܟܐܒ ܝܓܚܝܐ ܟܠܢܚܝܓܐ ܓܐ ܝܢܦܠ...`
|
| 255 |
+
3. `ܡܕܛܚܝܢܐ ܡܒܕ ܫܐܢܡܝܢ ܪܡܝܚܢܐܢ ܢܕܢܐ ܡܠܝܝܐ ܢܟܓܐܝܚܢܛܟ ܟܝܣܢܐ ܡܓܝܡܡ ܡܟܒܡ ܠܣܐܟ ܒܟܡ ܣܢܝܓܚܝܢܪܢ ܟܢܫܙܢ ܢܝܛܠܐ ܝܟ...`
|
| 256 |
|
| 257 |
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 258 |
|
| 259 |
+
1. `ܡܒܕ ܫܐܢܡܝܢ ܪܡܝܚܢܐܢ ܢܕܢܐ ܡܠܝܝܐ ܢܟܓܐܝܚܢܛܟ ܟܝܣܢܐ ܡܓܝܡܡ ܡܟܒܡ ܠܣܐܟ ܒܟܡ ܣܢܝܓܚܝܢܪܢ ܟܢܫܙܢ ܢܝܛܠܐ ܝܟܝܟܕ ܝܡܓܚ...`
|
| 260 |
+
2. `ܡܓܝܡܡ ܡܟܒܡ ܠܣܐܟ ܒܟܡ ܣܢܝܓܚܝܢܪܢ ܟܢܫܙܢ ܢܝܛܠܐ ܝܟܝܟܕ ܝܡܓܚܝܢܐ ܐܓܐ ܟܡܠܐ ܣܐܙܬܝܐܢ ܝܠܟܐܒ ܝܓܚܝܐ ܟܠܢܚܝܓܐ ܓܐ ܝܢܦܠ...`
|
| 261 |
+
3. `ܝܠܟܐܒ ܝܓܚܝܐ ܟܠܢܚܝܓܐ ܓܐ ܝܢܦܠ ܡܒܤܢ ܐܤܡ ܟܛܠ ܚܢܝܬܝܐ ܡܕܛܚܝܢܐ ܡܒܕ ܫܐܢܡܝܢ ܪܡܝܚܢܐܢ ܢܕܢܐ ܡܠܝܝܐ ܢܟܓܐܝܚܢܛܟ ܟܝ...`
|
| 262 |
+
|
| 263 |
+
|
| 264 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
|
| 265 |
+
|
| 266 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
1. `_ܨܝܬܐ_أبيد)_ܙܘܢܓ`
|
| 271 |
+
2. `��._ܥܡܫܝܗܝܢܝܬ̈ܐ_ܡܕ`
|
| 272 |
+
3. `ܝܟܫܬܐ_ܐ܀_ܐ_ܫܘܪܒܡ`
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 275 |
+
|
| 276 |
+
1. `ܐ_ܕܗܘܡܝܠܢܕܐ_ܕܐܥܬܐ`
|
| 277 |
+
2. `_ܕܥܣܪܘܝܕܝܢܘܢ_ܐܘ_ܦ`
|
| 278 |
+
3. `ܬܐ_ܕܩܪܝܬܐ_ܥܠ_ܐܟܪܝ`
|
| 279 |
+
|
| 280 |
+
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 281 |
+
|
| 282 |
+
1. `ܐ_ܕܒܓܕܐ_ܕܛܘܪ_ܗܘܘ_ܬ`
|
| 283 |
+
2. `ܬܐ_ܕܛܲܟ݂ܣܵܐ_ܡܠܟܐ_ܫܠܝܚ̈`
|
| 284 |
+
3. `ܝܐ_ܘܡܬܝ_ܡܠܝܝܐ_מלזי`
|
| 285 |
+
|
| 286 |
+
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 287 |
+
|
| 288 |
+
1. `ܬܐ_ܕܗܘܦܪܟܝܐ_ܕܪܗܘܡܝܬ`
|
| 289 |
+
2. `ܝܬܐ_ܙܘ_ܫܘܬܐ_ܕܬܘܕܝܬܐ`
|
| 290 |
+
3. `ܐܝܬ_ܡܨܪ̈ܝܐ܆_ܚܣܢ_ܒܡܕܝ`
|
| 291 |
|
| 292 |
|
| 293 |
### Key Findings
|
| 294 |
|
| 295 |
+
- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 98.9% predictability
|
| 296 |
- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
|
| 297 |
+
- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (69,915 contexts)
|
| 298 |
- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
|
| 299 |
|
| 300 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 310 |
|
| 311 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 312 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 313 |
+
| Vocabulary Size | 6,113 |
|
| 314 |
+
| Total Tokens | 50,830 |
|
| 315 |
+
| Mean Frequency | 8.32 |
|
| 316 |
| Median Frequency | 3 |
|
| 317 |
+
| Frequency Std Dev | 32.05 |
|
| 318 |
|
| 319 |
### Most Common Words
|
| 320 |
|
| 321 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 322 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 323 |
+
| 1 | ܡܢ | 1,283 |
|
| 324 |
+
| 2 | ܐܘ | 975 |
|
| 325 |
+
| 3 | ܗܘ | 861 |
|
| 326 |
+
| 4 | ܗܝ | 816 |
|
| 327 |
+
| 5 | ܐܝܬ | 512 |
|
| 328 |
+
| 6 | ܗܘܐ | 394 |
|
| 329 |
+
| 7 | ܥܠ | 327 |
|
| 330 |
+
| 8 | ܘܥܡ | 326 |
|
| 331 |
+
| 9 | ܐܦ | 275 |
|
| 332 |
+
| 10 | ܠܫܢܐ | 266 |
|
| 333 |
|
| 334 |
### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
|
| 335 |
|
| 336 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 337 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 338 |
+
| 1 | ܐܚܹܪ̈ܢܹܐ | 2 |
|
| 339 |
+
| 2 | ܦܘܼܪܡܘܼܠܵܐ | 2 |
|
| 340 |
+
| 3 | ܢܣܲܒܪܲܚ | 2 |
|
| 341 |
+
| 4 | ܚܲܕ | 2 |
|
| 342 |
+
| 5 | ܐܘܟܝܬܐ | 2 |
|
| 343 |
+
| 6 | ܕܫܠܝܼܡܵܐ | 2 |
|
| 344 |
+
| 7 | ܡܚܲܝܕܵܐ | 2 |
|
| 345 |
+
| 8 | ܓܵܪܹܫ | 2 |
|
| 346 |
+
| 9 | ܕܠܥܸܠ | 2 |
|
| 347 |
+
| 10 | ܕܒܘܿܠܨܡܲܢ | 2 |
|
| 348 |
|
| 349 |
### Zipf's Law Analysis
|
| 350 |
|
| 351 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 352 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 353 |
+
| Zipf Coefficient | 0.8947 |
|
| 354 |
+
| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.982774 |
|
| 355 |
| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
|
| 356 |
|
| 357 |
### Coverage Analysis
|
| 358 |
|
| 359 |
| Top N Words | Coverage |
|
| 360 |
|-------------|----------|
|
| 361 |
+
| Top 100 | 31.7% |
|
| 362 |
+
| Top 1,000 | 68.0% |
|
| 363 |
+
| Top 5,000 | 95.6% |
|
| 364 |
| Top 10,000 | 0.0% |
|
| 365 |
|
| 366 |
### Key Findings
|
| 367 |
|
| 368 |
+
- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9828 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
|
| 369 |
+
- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 31.7% of corpus
|
| 370 |
+
- **Long Tail:** -3,887 words needed for remaining 100.0% coverage
|
| 371 |
|
| 372 |
---
|
| 373 |
## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
|
|
|
|
| 380 |
|
| 381 |

|
| 382 |
|
|
|
|
| 383 |
|
| 384 |
+
### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
|
| 385 |
+
|
| 386 |
+
> *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
|
| 387 |
+
|
| 388 |
+
|
| 389 |
+
### 5.2 Model Comparison
|
| 390 |
+
|
| 391 |
+
| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
|
| 392 |
+
|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
|
| 393 |
+
| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.2739 🏆 | 0.4979 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 394 |
+
| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.0566 | 0.5064 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 395 |
+
| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.0089 | 0.4882 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 396 |
|
| 397 |
### Key Findings
|
| 398 |
|
| 399 |
+
- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.2739 (more uniform distribution)
|
| 400 |
+
- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.4975. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
|
| 401 |
+
- **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
|
| 402 |
+
- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
|
| 403 |
+
|
| 404 |
+
---
|
| 405 |
+
## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
|
| 406 |
+
|
| 407 |
+
> ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
|
| 408 |
+
|
| 409 |
+
This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
|
| 412 |
+
|
| 413 |
+
| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
|
| 414 |
+
|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 415 |
+
| Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
|
| 416 |
+
| Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
|
| 417 |
+
|
| 418 |
+
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 419 |
+
|
| 420 |
+
These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
#### Productive Prefixes
|
| 423 |
+
| Prefix | Examples |
|
| 424 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 425 |
+
|
| 426 |
+
#### Productive Suffixes
|
| 427 |
+
| Suffix | Examples |
|
| 428 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 429 |
+
| `-ܐ` | ܘܫܛܚܐ, ܠܘܚ̈ܐ, ܐܢܫܘܬܐ |
|
| 430 |
+
| `-ܬܐ` | ܐܢܫܘܬܐ, ܚܘܪܬܐ, ܐܘܪܬܕܘܟܣܝܬܐ |
|
| 431 |
+
| `-ܝܐ` | ܘܥܪ̈ܒܝܐ, ܒܐܠܒܢܝܐ, ܥܒܝܐ |
|
| 432 |
+
| `-̈ܐ` | ܠܘܚ̈ܐ, ܡܚܝܕ̈ܐ, ܥܝܢ̈ܐ |
|
| 433 |
+
| `-ܝܬܐ` | ܐܘܪܬܕܘܟܣܝܬܐ, ܣܘܪܝܝܬܐ, ܒܩܕܡܝܬܐ |
|
| 434 |
+
| `-ܘܬܐ` | ܐܢܫܘܬܐ, ܘܕܡܠܟܘܬܐ, ܛܝܒܘܬܐ |
|
| 435 |
+
| `-ܢܐ` | ܕܫܝܢܐ, ܡܢܝܢܐ, ܥܝܢܐ |
|
| 436 |
+
|
| 437 |
+
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 438 |
+
|
| 439 |
+
Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
|
| 440 |
+
|
| 441 |
+
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 442 |
+
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 443 |
+
| `ܢܝܬܐ` | 1.58x | 23 contexts | ܦܢܝܬܐ, ܡܢܝܬܐ, ܡܪܢܝܬܐ |
|
| 444 |
+
| `ܪܝܬܐ` | 1.59x | 18 contexts | ܫܪܝܬܐ, ܩܪܝܬܐ, ܒܪܝܬܐ |
|
| 445 |
+
| `ܫܝܚܝ` | 1.61x | 16 contexts | ܡܫܝܚܝܐ, ܡܫܝܚܝܬܐ, ܕܡܫܝܚܝܐ |
|
| 446 |
+
| `ܪܒܝܐ` | 1.59x | 16 contexts | ܨܪܒܝܐ, ܥܪܒܝܐ, ܐܪܒܝܐ |
|
| 447 |
+
| `ܘܢܝܐ` | 1.57x | 16 contexts | ܟܘܢܝܐ, ܩܘܢܝܐ, ܓܘܢܝܐ |
|
| 448 |
+
| `ܘܪܝܐ` | 1.37x | 23 contexts | ܛܘܪܝܐ, ܣܘܪܝܐ, ܟܘܪܝܐ |
|
| 449 |
+
| `ܡܫܝܚ` | 1.59x | 14 contexts | ܡܫܝܚܐ, ܡܫܝܚܝܐ, ܕܡܫܝܚܐ |
|
| 450 |
+
| `ܡܕܝܢ` | 1.58x | 13 contexts | ܡܕܝܢܬ, ܡܕܝܢܬܐ, ܠܡܕܝܢܬ |
|
| 451 |
+
| `ܢܐܝܬ` | 1.53x | 14 contexts | ܝܘܢܐܝܬ, ܨܝܢܐܝܬ, ܟܠܢܐܝܬ |
|
| 452 |
+
| `ܣܘܪܝ` | 1.38x | 18 contexts | ܣܘܪܝܐ, ܣܘܪܝܬ, ܘܣܘܪܝܐ |
|
| 453 |
+
| `ܝܢܬܐ` | 1.65x | 9 contexts | ܩܝܢܬܐ, ܡܕܝܢܬܐ, ܣܦܝܢܬܐ |
|
| 454 |
+
| `ܕܝܢܬ` | 1.62x | 9 contexts | ܡܕܝܢܬ, ܡܕܝܢܬܐ, ܠܡܕܝܢܬ |
|
| 455 |
+
|
| 456 |
+
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 457 |
+
|
| 458 |
+
This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
|
| 459 |
+
|
| 460 |
+
*No significant affix co-occurrences detected.*
|
| 461 |
+
|
| 462 |
+
|
| 463 |
+
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 464 |
+
|
| 465 |
+
Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
|
| 466 |
+
|
| 467 |
+
| Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
|
| 468 |
+
|------|-----------------|------------|------|
|
| 469 |
+
| ܝܘܪܕܢܢܝܬܐ | **`ܝܘܪܕܢܢ-ܝܬܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܝܘܪܕܢܢ` |
|
| 470 |
+
| ܥܘܬܡܐܢܝܬܐ | **`ܥܘܬܡܐܢ-ܝܬܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܥܘܬܡܐܢ` |
|
| 471 |
+
| ܕܬܠܝܬܝܘܬܐ | **`ܕܬܠܝܬܝ-ܘܬܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܕܬܠܝܬܝ` |
|
| 472 |
+
| ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟܝܐ | **`ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟ-ܝܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܕܐܢܛܝܘܟ` |
|
| 473 |
+
| ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠܝܐ | **`ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ-ܝܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܐܝܣܪܐܝܠ` |
|
| 474 |
+
| ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠܝܐ | **`ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠ-ܝܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܦܘܪܛܘܓܠ` |
|
| 475 |
+
| ܡܬܥܡܪܢܝܬܐ | **`ܡܬܥܡܪܢ-ܝܬܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܡܬܥܡܪܢ` |
|
| 476 |
+
| ܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢܝܐ | **`ܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢ-ܝܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܛܘܪܥܒܕܝܢ` |
|
| 477 |
+
| ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ̈ܐ | **`ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ-̈ܐ`** | 4.5 | `ܩܬܘܠܝܩܝ` |
|
| 478 |
+
| ܠܫܘܠܛܢܘܬܐ | **`ܠܫܘܠܛܢ-ܘܬܐ`** | 1.5 | `ܠܫܘܠܛܢ` |
|
| 479 |
+
| ܐܘܪܬܕܘܟܣܝܐ | **`ܐܘܪܬܕܘܟܣ-ܝܐ`** | 1.5 | `ܐܘܪܬܕܘܟܣ` |
|
| 480 |
+
| ܐܝܓܘܦܛܝܬܐ | **`ܐܝܓܘܦܛ-ܝܬܐ`** | 1.5 | `ܐܝܓܘܦܛ` |
|
| 481 |
+
| ܘܒܐܘܚܕ̈ܢܐ | **`ܘܒܐܘܚܕ̈-ܢܐ`** | 1.5 | `ܘܒܐܘܚܕ̈` |
|
| 482 |
+
| ܘܒܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ | **`ܘܒܡܫܝܚܝ-ܘܬܐ`** | 1.5 | `ܘܒܡܫܝܚܝ` |
|
| 483 |
+
| ܢܩܪܘܡܢܛܝܐ | **`ܢܩܪܘܡܢܛ-ܝܐ`** | 1.5 | `ܢܩܪܘܡܢܛ` |
|
| 484 |
+
|
| 485 |
+
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 486 |
+
|
| 487 |
+
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 488 |
+
The language ARC appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
|
| 489 |
|
| 490 |
---
|
| 491 |
+
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
| 492 |
|
| 493 |

|
| 494 |
|
|
|
|
| 496 |
|
| 497 |
| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
|
| 498 |
|-----------|-------------|-----------|
|
| 499 |
+
| Tokenizer | **32k BPE** | Best compression (4.58x) |
|
| 500 |
+
| N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (365) |
|
| 501 |
+
| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (98.9%) |
|
| 502 |
| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
|
| 503 |
|
| 504 |
+
|
| 505 |
---
|
| 506 |
## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
|
| 507 |
|
|
|
|
| 691 |
author = {Kamali, Omar},
|
| 692 |
title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
|
| 693 |
year = {2025},
|
| 694 |
+
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
|
| 695 |
+
publisher = {Zenodo},
|
| 696 |
url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
|
| 697 |
institution = {Omneity Labs}
|
| 698 |
}
|
|
|
|
| 708 |
- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
|
| 709 |
- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
|
| 710 |
- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
|
| 711 |
+
- 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
|
| 712 |
---
|
| 713 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 714 |
|
| 715 |
+
*Report Date: 2026-01-03 05:14:47*
|
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|
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|
| 5 |
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
| 3 |
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|
| 4 |
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
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|
| 11 |
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|
| 12 |
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|
| 13 |
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|
| 14 |
+
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|
| 15 |
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models/word_ngram/arc_4gram_word.parquet
CHANGED
|
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
|
|
| 1 |
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
| 2 |
-
oid sha256:
|
| 3 |
-
size
|
|
|
|
| 1 |
version https://git-lfs.github.com/spec/v1
|
| 2 |
+
oid sha256:9ce4c224db9cde057f9dcd3cb0eb1494a86374ec2ee5b50e41d53a7bcb3197b9
|
| 3 |
+
size 43954
|
models/word_ngram/arc_4gram_word_metadata.json
CHANGED
|
@@ -2,6 +2,6 @@
|
|
| 2 |
"n": 4,
|
| 3 |
"variant": "word",
|
| 4 |
"language": "arc",
|
| 5 |
-
"unique_ngrams":
|
| 6 |
-
"total_ngrams":
|
| 7 |
}
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
"n": 4,
|
| 3 |
"variant": "word",
|
| 4 |
"language": "arc",
|
| 5 |
+
"unique_ngrams": 1438,
|
| 6 |
+
"total_ngrams": 58192
|
| 7 |
}
|
visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png
CHANGED
|
|
visualizations/embedding_norms.png
CHANGED
|
|
visualizations/embedding_similarity.png
CHANGED
|
Git LFS Details
|
|
Git LFS Details
|
visualizations/markov_branching.png
CHANGED
|
|
visualizations/markov_contexts.png
CHANGED
|
|
visualizations/markov_entropy.png
CHANGED
|
|
visualizations/model_sizes.png
CHANGED
|
|