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- README.md +310 -163
- models/embeddings/monolingual/ban_128d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/ban_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/ban_32d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/ban_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/ban_64d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/ban_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/ban_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/ban_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/ban_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/ban_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/ban_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/ban_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/ban_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/ban_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
- models/vocabulary/ban_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
- models/vocabulary/ban_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/ban_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/ban_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/ban_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/ban_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/ban_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/ban_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/ban_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
- visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
README.md
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@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ dataset_info:
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value:
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value:
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generated:
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---
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# BAN - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6.
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** |
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| **16k** | 4.
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| **32k** | 4.
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| **64k** |
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `
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1021
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1024
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Jadma
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Embas
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Seda
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...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 16k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 2:** `Pustaka
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Kategori:Abad ka-17`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 16k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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**Sample 3:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **2-gram** |
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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---
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### Results
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| Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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### Generated Text Samples
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Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
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**Context Size 1:**
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1.
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2.
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**Context Size 2:**
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1. `
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**Context Size 3:**
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**Context Size 4:**
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3. `pustaka pranala jaba situs resmi
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Vocabulary Size |
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| Total Tokens |
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| Mean Frequency | 36.
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| Median Frequency | 3 |
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### Most Common Words
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Metric | Value |
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| Zipf Coefficient | 1.
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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### Key Findings
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### Model Comparison
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.
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- **Recommendation:**
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---
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## 6.
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| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
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|-----------|-------------|-----------|
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| Tokenizer | **
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| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (
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| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
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---
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## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
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author = {Kamali, Omar},
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title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
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year = {2025},
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-
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url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
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institution = {Omneity Labs}
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}
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@@ -578,7 +724,8 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
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- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
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- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
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- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
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---
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*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
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*Report Date:
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 5.077
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.8530
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value: 0
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generated: 2026-01-03
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---
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# BAN - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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+
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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+
- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
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- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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+
| **8k** | 4.073x | 4.08 | 0.1890% | 240,149 |
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+
| **16k** | 4.474x | 4.48 | 0.2076% | 218,639 |
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+
| **32k** | 4.813x | 4.82 | 0.2234% | 203,246 |
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| 86 |
+
| **64k** | 5.077x 🏆 | 5.08 | 0.2356% | 192,667 |
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
|
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+
**Sample 1:** `Hamm (, Latin: Hammona) inggih punika kota ring Rhine-Westphalia Kalér, Jerman.`
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| 93 |
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| 94 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 95 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 96 |
+
| 8k | `▁ham m ▁(, ▁latin : ▁ham m ona ) ▁inggih ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
|
| 97 |
+
| 16k | `▁ham m ▁(, ▁latin : ▁ham m ona ) ▁inggih ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
|
| 98 |
+
| 32k | `▁ham m ▁(, ▁latin : ▁ham m ona ) ▁inggih ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
|
| 99 |
+
| 64k | `▁hamm ▁(, ▁latin : ▁hamm ona ) ▁inggih ▁punika ▁kota ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
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|
| 100 |
|
| 101 |
+
**Sample 2:** `Kharkiv (), utawi Kharkov () inggih punika kota pinih ageng kakalih ring Ukraina...`
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|
| 102 |
|
| 103 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 104 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 105 |
+
| 8k | `▁kh ark iv ▁(), ▁utawi ▁kh ark ov ▁() ▁inggih ... (+24 more)` | 34 |
|
| 106 |
+
| 16k | `▁kh ark iv ▁(), ▁utawi ▁kh ark ov ▁() ▁inggih ... (+22 more)` | 32 |
|
| 107 |
+
| 32k | `▁kh ark iv ▁(), ▁utawi ▁kh ark ov ▁() ▁inggih ... (+22 more)` | 32 |
|
| 108 |
+
| 64k | `▁kharkiv ▁(), ▁utawi ▁khark ov ▁() ▁inggih ▁punika ▁kota ▁pinih ... (+15 more)` | 25 |
|
| 109 |
|
| 110 |
+
**Sample 3:** `Brasília (;"Brasilia" (US) tur ) inggih punika ibu kota saking Brasil. Pustaka`
|
| 111 |
|
| 112 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
|
| 113 |
|-------|--------|-------|
|
| 114 |
+
| 8k | `▁br as í l ia ▁(; " br asil ia ... (+14 more)` | 24 |
|
| 115 |
+
| 16k | `▁br as í lia ▁(; " br asil ia " ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
|
| 116 |
+
| 32k | `▁brasília ▁(; " br asil ia " ▁( us ) ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
|
| 117 |
+
| 64k | `▁brasília ▁(;" brasil ia " ▁( us ) ▁tur ▁) ... (+8 more)` | 18 |
|
| 118 |
|
| 119 |
|
| 120 |
### Key Findings
|
| 121 |
|
| 122 |
+
- **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 5.077x compression
|
| 123 |
+
- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.1890% unknown tokens
|
| 124 |
- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
|
| 125 |
- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
|
| 126 |
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|
| 129 |
|
| 130 |

|
| 131 |
|
| 132 |
+

|
| 133 |
+
|
| 134 |

|
| 135 |
|
| 136 |
### Results
|
| 137 |
|
| 138 |
+
| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
|
| 139 |
+
|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
|
| 140 |
+
| **2-gram** | Word | 4,798 | 12.23 | 59,688 | 35.6% | 57.3% |
|
| 141 |
+
| **2-gram** | Subword | 225 🏆 | 7.81 | 7,788 | 73.4% | 99.2% |
|
| 142 |
+
| **3-gram** | Word | 5,769 | 12.49 | 77,113 | 33.5% | 55.7% |
|
| 143 |
+
| **3-gram** | Subword | 1,669 | 10.70 | 42,522 | 31.2% | 79.1% |
|
| 144 |
+
| **4-gram** | Word | 8,680 | 13.08 | 116,715 | 28.6% | 51.0% |
|
| 145 |
+
| **4-gram** | Subword | 7,684 | 12.91 | 208,144 | 18.1% | 53.6% |
|
| 146 |
|
| 147 |
### Top 5 N-grams by Size
|
| 148 |
|
| 149 |
+
**2-grams (Word):**
|
| 150 |
+
|
| 151 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 152 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 153 |
+
| 1 | `situs resmi` | 41,099 |
|
| 154 |
+
| 2 | `inggih punika` | 37,495 |
|
| 155 |
+
| 3 | `silih tunggil` | 22,082 |
|
| 156 |
+
| 4 | `pranala jaba` | 21,960 |
|
| 157 |
+
| 5 | `pusat statistik` | 21,725 |
|
| 158 |
+
|
| 159 |
+
**3-grams (Word):**
|
| 160 |
+
|
| 161 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 162 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 163 |
+
| 1 | `badan pusat statistik` | 21,708 |
|
| 164 |
+
| 2 | `pustaka pranala jaba` | 20,507 |
|
| 165 |
+
| 3 | `inggih punika silih` | 19,377 |
|
| 166 |
+
| 4 | `punika silih tunggil` | 19,020 |
|
| 167 |
+
| 5 | `pranala jaba situs` | 17,860 |
|
| 168 |
+
|
| 169 |
+
**4-grams (Word):**
|
| 170 |
|
| 171 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 172 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 173 |
+
| 1 | `inggih punika silih tunggil` | 18,913 |
|
| 174 |
+
| 2 | `pranala jaba situs resmi` | 17,672 |
|
| 175 |
+
| 3 | `pustaka pranala jaba situs` | 17,290 |
|
| 176 |
+
| 4 | `dados kauahin ilang yening` | 14,166 |
|
| 177 |
+
| 5 | `kauahin ilang yening url` | 13,881 |
|
| 178 |
|
| 179 |
+
**2-grams (Subword):**
|
| 180 |
|
| 181 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 182 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 183 |
+
| 1 | `a n` | 880,577 |
|
| 184 |
+
| 2 | `n g` | 735,053 |
|
| 185 |
+
| 3 | `a _` | 536,413 |
|
| 186 |
+
| 4 | `i n` | 523,219 |
|
| 187 |
+
| 5 | `n _` | 516,092 |
|
| 188 |
|
| 189 |
+
**3-grams (Subword):**
|
| 190 |
|
| 191 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 192 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 193 |
+
| 1 | `n g _` | 361,156 |
|
| 194 |
+
| 2 | `a n _` | 287,413 |
|
| 195 |
+
| 3 | `i n g` | 287,067 |
|
| 196 |
+
| 4 | `a n g` | 219,608 |
|
| 197 |
+
| 5 | `_ k a` | 213,760 |
|
| 198 |
+
|
| 199 |
+
**4-grams (Subword):**
|
| 200 |
+
|
| 201 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 202 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 203 |
+
| 1 | `i n g _` | 219,518 |
|
| 204 |
+
| 2 | `r i n g` | 145,165 |
|
| 205 |
+
| 3 | `_ r i n` | 128,090 |
|
| 206 |
+
| 4 | `a n g _` | 86,655 |
|
| 207 |
+
| 5 | `u n i k` | 72,566 |
|
| 208 |
|
| 209 |
|
| 210 |
### Key Findings
|
| 211 |
|
| 212 |
+
- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 225
|
| 213 |
- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
|
| 214 |
+
- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~54% of corpus
|
| 215 |
- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
|
| 216 |
|
| 217 |
---
|
|
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|
| 219 |
|
| 220 |

|
| 221 |
|
| 222 |
+

|
| 223 |
+
|
| 224 |

|
| 225 |
|
| 226 |
### Results
|
| 227 |
|
| 228 |
+
| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
|
| 229 |
+
|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
|
| 230 |
+
| **1** | Word | 0.7212 | 1.649 | 5.13 | 253,714 | 27.9% |
|
| 231 |
+
| **1** | Subword | 0.9714 | 1.961 | 7.03 | 4,633 | 2.9% |
|
| 232 |
+
| **2** | Word | 0.2297 | 1.173 | 1.53 | 1,298,868 | 77.0% |
|
| 233 |
+
| **2** | Subword | 0.6107 | 1.527 | 3.55 | 32,560 | 38.9% |
|
| 234 |
+
| **3** | Word | 0.0749 | 1.053 | 1.14 | 1,983,308 | 92.5% |
|
| 235 |
+
| **3** | Subword | 0.5954 | 1.511 | 3.32 | 115,474 | 40.5% |
|
| 236 |
+
| **4** | Word | 0.0289 🏆 | 1.020 | 1.05 | 2,240,261 | 97.1% |
|
| 237 |
+
| **4** | Subword | 0.6610 | 1.581 | 2.96 | 383,801 | 33.9% |
|
| 238 |
|
| 239 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
|
| 240 |
|
| 241 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
|
| 242 |
|
| 243 |
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 244 |
|
| 245 |
+
1. `ring warsa puniki dados kauahin ilang yening url dados kaapus saking sistem ekologi dan bedah langsu...`
|
| 246 |
+
2. `kabupatén kediri jawa timur pustaka pranala jaba situs resmi pamréntahan wali ngancan ngamokohang ba...`
|
| 247 |
+
3. `punika silih tunggil désa ring thailand punika wenten ring sérial mabasis ring wewidangan kecamatan ...`
|
| 248 |
|
| 249 |
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 250 |
|
| 251 |
+
1. `situs resmi pamréntahan kabupatén bima badan pusat statistik kota bengkulu badan pusat statistik pro...`
|
| 252 |
+
2. `inggih punika silih sinunggil gendingan tradisional thailand sane pinih sering kacingak pinaka gerha...`
|
| 253 |
+
3. `silih tunggil pagending tur ngamedalang surat kaputusan nomor sadurugnyane ring warsa akéh kramanyan...`
|
| 254 |
|
| 255 |
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 256 |
|
| 257 |
+
1. `badan pusat statistik propinsi jawa tengah indonésia mawit saking pérméndagri nomor 137 warsa indik ...`
|
| 258 |
+
2. `pustaka pranala jaba situs resmi propinsi bali badan pusat statistik propinsi kalimantan selatan bad...`
|
| 259 |
+
3. `inggih punika silih tunggil kecamatan ring kabupatén timor tengah utara ring nusa tenggara timur bad...`
|
| 260 |
|
| 261 |
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 262 |
|
| 263 |
+
1. `inggih punika silih tunggil désa ring kecamatan pulau pulau kur tual propinsi maluku indonésia pusta...`
|
| 264 |
+
2. `pranala jaba situs resmi pamrentahan provinsi kepulauan bangka belitung badan pusat statistik kabupa...`
|
| 265 |
+
3. `pustaka pranala jaba situs resmi pamrentahan provinsi kepulauan bangka belitung badan pusat statisti...`
|
| 266 |
+
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
|
| 271 |
+
|
| 272 |
+
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
1. `a._gané_l_i,_dan`
|
| 275 |
+
2. `_ptrandopi_mi_ba`
|
| 276 |
+
3. `n_107_sika,_dika`
|
| 277 |
+
|
| 278 |
+
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 279 |
+
|
| 280 |
+
1. `angaing_wawewidué`
|
| 281 |
+
2. `ng_gu_kin_éman_no`
|
| 282 |
+
3. `a_]_garingang_lat`
|
| 283 |
+
|
| 284 |
+
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 285 |
+
|
| 286 |
+
1. `ng_kabupatén_sané_`
|
| 287 |
+
2. `an_kaapustaka_miwa`
|
| 288 |
+
3. `inggih_tunggih_pas`
|
| 289 |
+
|
| 290 |
+
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 291 |
+
|
| 292 |
+
1. `ing_basa_badan_pran`
|
| 293 |
+
2. `ring_kaapus_sané_ri`
|
| 294 |
+
3. `_ring_kabupatén_kah`
|
| 295 |
|
| 296 |
|
| 297 |
### Key Findings
|
| 298 |
|
| 299 |
+
- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 97.1% predictability
|
| 300 |
- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
|
| 301 |
+
- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (383,801 contexts)
|
| 302 |
- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
|
| 303 |
|
| 304 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 314 |
|
| 315 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 316 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 317 |
+
| Vocabulary Size | 96,177 |
|
| 318 |
+
| Total Tokens | 3,540,495 |
|
| 319 |
+
| Mean Frequency | 36.81 |
|
| 320 |
| Median Frequency | 3 |
|
| 321 |
+
| Frequency Std Dev | 739.04 |
|
| 322 |
|
| 323 |
### Most Common Words
|
| 324 |
|
| 325 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 326 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 327 |
+
| 1 | ring | 127,899 |
|
| 328 |
+
| 2 | kabupatén | 58,514 |
|
| 329 |
+
| 3 | punika | 50,657 |
|
| 330 |
+
| 4 | sané | 45,835 |
|
| 331 |
+
| 5 | situs | 44,988 |
|
| 332 |
+
| 6 | resmi | 42,224 |
|
| 333 |
+
| 7 | inggih | 37,927 |
|
| 334 |
+
| 8 | saking | 37,341 |
|
| 335 |
+
| 9 | url | 32,061 |
|
| 336 |
+
| 10 | miwah | 31,507 |
|
| 337 |
|
| 338 |
### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
|
| 339 |
|
| 340 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 341 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 342 |
+
| 1 | kitou | 2 |
|
| 343 |
+
| 2 | sialet | 2 |
|
| 344 |
+
| 3 | dibanda | 2 |
|
| 345 |
+
| 4 | ᬦᬶᬲᬫ᭄ | 2 |
|
| 346 |
+
| 5 | reuba | 2 |
|
| 347 |
+
| 6 | reuleut | 2 |
|
| 348 |
+
| 7 | rheue | 2 |
|
| 349 |
+
| 8 | uleue | 2 |
|
| 350 |
+
| 9 | muling | 2 |
|
| 351 |
+
| 10 | sanderling | 2 |
|
| 352 |
|
| 353 |
### Zipf's Law Analysis
|
| 354 |
|
| 355 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 356 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 357 |
+
| Zipf Coefficient | 1.1306 |
|
| 358 |
+
| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.997983 |
|
| 359 |
| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
|
| 360 |
|
| 361 |
### Coverage Analysis
|
| 362 |
|
| 363 |
| Top N Words | Coverage |
|
| 364 |
|-------------|----------|
|
| 365 |
+
| Top 100 | 44.6% |
|
| 366 |
+
| Top 1,000 | 68.9% |
|
| 367 |
+
| Top 5,000 | 82.9% |
|
| 368 |
+
| Top 10,000 | 87.9% |
|
| 369 |
|
| 370 |
### Key Findings
|
| 371 |
|
| 372 |
+
- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9980 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
|
| 373 |
+
- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 44.6% of corpus
|
| 374 |
+
- **Long Tail:** 86,177 words needed for remaining 12.1% coverage
|
| 375 |
|
| 376 |
---
|
| 377 |
## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
|
|
|
|
| 384 |
|
| 385 |

|
| 386 |
|
|
|
|
| 387 |
|
| 388 |
+
### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
|
| 389 |
+
|
| 390 |
+
> *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
|
| 391 |
+
|
| 392 |
+
|
| 393 |
+
### 5.2 Model Comparison
|
| 394 |
+
|
| 395 |
+
| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
|
| 396 |
+
|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
|
| 397 |
+
| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.8530 🏆 | 0.3516 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 398 |
+
| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.8495 | 0.2832 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 399 |
+
| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.8092 | 0.2232 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 400 |
|
| 401 |
### Key Findings
|
| 402 |
|
| 403 |
+
- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.8530 (more uniform distribution)
|
| 404 |
+
- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2860. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
|
| 405 |
+
- **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
|
| 406 |
+
- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
|
| 407 |
|
| 408 |
---
|
| 409 |
+
## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
> ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
|
| 412 |
+
|
| 413 |
+
This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
|
| 414 |
+
|
| 415 |
+
### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
|
| 416 |
+
|
| 417 |
+
| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
|
| 418 |
+
|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 419 |
+
| Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
|
| 420 |
+
| Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 423 |
+
|
| 424 |
+
These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
|
| 425 |
+
|
| 426 |
+
#### Productive Prefixes
|
| 427 |
+
| Prefix | Examples |
|
| 428 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 429 |
+
| `-ma` | martins, masduki, maffin |
|
| 430 |
+
| `-ka` | kaméloh, kaaranin, kasum |
|
| 431 |
+
| `-pa` | palopat, panandatanganan, pail |
|
| 432 |
+
| `-pe` | peting, pencok, pemantauan |
|
| 433 |
+
|
| 434 |
+
#### Productive Suffixes
|
| 435 |
+
| Suffix | Examples |
|
| 436 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 437 |
+
| `-n` | baharuddin, setyawan, roussillon |
|
| 438 |
+
| `-an` | setyawan, panandatanganan, mengupayakan |
|
| 439 |
+
| `-ng` | peting, speaking, sanderling |
|
| 440 |
+
| `-ang` | tenggarang, lendang, nguwahang |
|
| 441 |
+
| `-né` | leluhurnyané, putranidané, bébékné |
|
| 442 |
+
|
| 443 |
+
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 444 |
+
|
| 445 |
+
Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
|
| 446 |
+
|
| 447 |
+
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 448 |
+
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 449 |
+
| `anga` | 1.47x | 361 contexts | nanga, sanga, hanga |
|
| 450 |
+
| `ngan` | 1.54x | 182 contexts | angan, ingan, tengan |
|
| 451 |
+
| `nten` | 1.71x | 86 contexts | inten, enten, wnten |
|
| 452 |
+
| `atan` | 1.52x | 149 contexts | vatan, gatan, matan |
|
| 453 |
+
| `ungg` | 1.55x | 117 contexts | tungg, ungga, unggun |
|
| 454 |
+
| `akin` | 1.88x | 41 contexts | aking, yakin, dakin |
|
| 455 |
+
| `nggi` | 1.58x | 73 contexts | anggi, nggih, senggi |
|
| 456 |
+
| `taha` | 1.90x | 32 contexts | tahai, tahap, tahan |
|
| 457 |
+
| `ggih` | 2.03x | 22 contexts | nggih, lnggih, inggih |
|
| 458 |
+
| `ados` | 2.01x | 22 contexts | dados, sados, padosa |
|
| 459 |
+
| `isti` | 1.61x | 36 contexts | bistik, sistim, pistia |
|
| 460 |
+
| `cama` | 1.87x | 19 contexts | camat, camas, camah |
|
| 461 |
+
|
| 462 |
+
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 463 |
+
|
| 464 |
+
This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
|
| 465 |
+
|
| 466 |
+
| Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
|
| 467 |
+
|--------|--------|-----------|----------|
|
| 468 |
+
| `-pa` | `-n` | 112 words | palimunan, pawacanan |
|
| 469 |
+
| `-ka` | `-n` | 112 words | kamerdékaan, kagenahin |
|
| 470 |
+
| `-pa` | `-an` | 96 words | palimunan, pawacanan |
|
| 471 |
+
| `-pe` | `-n` | 92 words | perhubungan, penyaringan |
|
| 472 |
+
| `-pe` | `-an` | 81 words | perhubungan, penyaringan |
|
| 473 |
+
| `-ka` | `-ng` | 77 words | kaidipang, kawedharang |
|
| 474 |
+
| `-ka` | `-ang` | 61 words | kaidipang, kawedharang |
|
| 475 |
+
| `-ka` | `-an` | 56 words | kamerdékaan, kamaharajan |
|
| 476 |
+
| `-ma` | `-n` | 55 words | marepan, mapitungan |
|
| 477 |
+
| `-ma` | `-an` | 39 words | marepan, mapitungan |
|
| 478 |
+
|
| 479 |
+
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 480 |
+
|
| 481 |
+
Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
|
| 482 |
+
|
| 483 |
+
| Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
|
| 484 |
+
|------|-----------------|------------|------|
|
| 485 |
+
| kauningan | **`ka-uning-an`** | 6.0 | `uning` |
|
| 486 |
+
| kaorganisasiang | **`ka-organisasi-ang`** | 6.0 | `organisasi` |
|
| 487 |
+
| kakaonang | **`ka-ka-onang`** | 6.0 | `onang` |
|
| 488 |
+
| pasilihan | **`pa-silih-an`** | 6.0 | `silih` |
|
| 489 |
+
| kajahatan | **`ka-jahat-an`** | 6.0 | `jahat` |
|
| 490 |
+
| kasedukan | **`ka-seduk-an`** | 6.0 | `seduk` |
|
| 491 |
+
| kalaporang | **`ka-lapor-ang`** | 6.0 | `lapor` |
|
| 492 |
+
| kakuasaan | **`ka-kuasa-an`** | 6.0 | `kuasa` |
|
| 493 |
+
| padruwénan | **`pa-druwén-an`** | 6.0 | `druwén` |
|
| 494 |
+
| palekadan | **`pa-lekad-an`** | 6.0 | `lekad` |
|
| 495 |
+
| mategakan | **`ma-tegak-an`** | 6.0 | `tegak` |
|
| 496 |
+
| kaungkabang | **`ka-ungkab-ang`** | 6.0 | `ungkab` |
|
| 497 |
+
| kauwugang | **`ka-uwug-ang`** | 6.0 | `uwug` |
|
| 498 |
+
| panyambung | **`pa-nyambu-ng`** | 6.0 | `nyambu` |
|
| 499 |
+
| panularan | **`pa-nular-an`** | 6.0 | `nular` |
|
| 500 |
+
|
| 501 |
+
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 502 |
+
|
| 503 |
+
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 504 |
+
The language BAN appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
|
| 505 |
+
|
| 506 |
+
---
|
| 507 |
+
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
| 508 |
|
| 509 |

|
| 510 |
|
|
|
|
| 512 |
|
| 513 |
| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
|
| 514 |
|-----------|-------------|-----------|
|
| 515 |
+
| Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (5.08x) |
|
| 516 |
+
| N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (225) |
|
| 517 |
+
| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (97.1%) |
|
| 518 |
| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
|
| 519 |
|
| 520 |
+
|
| 521 |
---
|
| 522 |
## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
|
| 523 |
|
|
|
|
| 707 |
author = {Kamali, Omar},
|
| 708 |
title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
|
| 709 |
year = {2025},
|
| 710 |
+
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
|
| 711 |
+
publisher = {Zenodo},
|
| 712 |
url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
|
| 713 |
institution = {Omneity Labs}
|
| 714 |
}
|
|
|
|
| 724 |
- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
|
| 725 |
- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
|
| 726 |
- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
|
| 727 |
+
- 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
|
| 728 |
---
|
| 729 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 730 |
|
| 731 |
+
*Report Date: 2026-01-03 06:12:56*
|
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models/subword_ngram/ban_2gram_subword_metadata.json
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