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- README.md +313 -135
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bbc_128d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bbc_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bbc_32d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bbc_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bbc_64d.bin +2 -2
- models/embeddings/monolingual/bbc_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_markov/bbc_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bbc_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bbc_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bbc_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bbc_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bbc_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
- models/subword_ngram/bbc_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bbc_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bbc_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/bbc_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bbc_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
- models/tokenizer/bbc_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
- models/tokenizer/bbc_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
- models/vocabulary/bbc_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
- models/vocabulary/bbc_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_markov/bbc_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bbc_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bbc_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bbc_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bbc_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bbc_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
- models/word_ngram/bbc_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
- visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
- visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
- visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
- visualizations/markov_entropy.png +0 -0
- visualizations/model_sizes.png +0 -0
README.md
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value:
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value:
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generated:
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---
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# BBC - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6.
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 3.
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| **16k** |
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| **32k** |
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| **64k** | 4.433x 🏆 | 4.39 | 0.1416% | 1,279,829 |
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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**Sample 1:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 16k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁panjunan ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁petarukan ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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**Sample 2:** `Ampapaga (Surat Batak:ᯀᯔ᯲ᯇᯇᯎ) i ma sada suansuanan na tubu di gadu ni hauma.
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁ampapaga ▁( surat ▁batak : ᯀᯔ᯲ᯇᯇᯎ ) ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ... (+13 more)` | 23 |
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**Sample 3:** `
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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| 8k | `▁
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| 32k | `▁
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| 64k | `▁sungapan ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁pemalang ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Compression:**
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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### Results
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| N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **2-gram** |
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| **3-gram** | 1,
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### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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**2-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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**3-grams:**
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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|------|--------|-------|
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| 1 | `anak ni si` | 1,
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with
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- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
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- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~
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- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
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---
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### Results
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| Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
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### Generated Text Samples
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Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
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**Context Size 1:**
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**Context Size 2:**
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**Context Size 3:**
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**Context Size 4:**
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with
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- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
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- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (
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- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
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---
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| Metric | Value |
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|--------|-------|
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| Vocabulary Size | 24,
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| Total Tokens |
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| Mean Frequency |
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| Median Frequency | 4 |
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### Most Common Words
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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|------|------|-----------|
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### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
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| Rank | Word | Frequency |
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### Zipf's Law Analysis
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| Metric | Value |
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| Zipf Coefficient | 1.
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| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.
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| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
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### Coverage Analysis
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| Top N Words | Coverage |
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|-------------|----------|
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| Top 10,000 | 95.
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### Key Findings
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- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.
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---
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## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
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### Model Comparison
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### Key Findings
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- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.
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---
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## 6.
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| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
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|-----------|-------------|-----------|
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| Tokenizer | **32k BPE** | Best compression (
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| N-gram | **
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| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (
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| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
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---
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## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
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author = {Kamali, Omar},
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title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
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year = {2025},
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url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
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institution = {Omneity Labs}
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}
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@@ -550,7 +727,8 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
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- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
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- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
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- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
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---
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*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
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-
*Report Date:
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metrics:
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- name: best_compression_ratio
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type: compression
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value: 3.663
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- name: best_isotropy
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type: isotropy
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value: 0.8223
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- name: vocabulary_size
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type: vocab
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value: 0
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generated: 2026-01-03
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---
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# BBC - Wikilangs Models
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### Models & Assets
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- Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
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- N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
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- Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
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- Subword N-gram and Markov chains
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- Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
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- Language Vocabulary
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- Language Statistics
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### Analysis and Evaluation
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- [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
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- [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
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- [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
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- [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
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- [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
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- [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
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- [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
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+

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### Results
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| Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
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|------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
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| **8k** | 3.308x | 3.31 | 0.2131% | 1,665,136 |
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| **16k** | 3.527x | 3.53 | 0.2273% | 1,561,615 |
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| **32k** | 3.663x 🏆 | 3.66 | 0.2360% | 1,503,727 |
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### Tokenization Examples
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Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
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+
**Sample 1:** `Pedurungan i ma sada huta na adong di Kecamatan Taman, Kabupaten Pemalang, Propi...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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|-------|--------|-------|
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+
| 8k | `▁ped ur ungan ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
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| 96 |
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| 16k | `▁pedurungan ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁taman ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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| 97 |
+
| 32k | `▁pedurungan ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁taman ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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+
**Sample 2:** `Mulyoharjo i ma sada Kelurahan na adong di Kecamatan Pemalang, Kabupaten Pemalan...`
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| 101 |
| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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| 102 |
|-------|--------|-------|
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| 103 |
+
| 8k | `▁mul y oharjo ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁kelurahan ▁na ▁adong ▁di ... (+12 more)` | 22 |
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| 104 |
+
| 16k | `▁mulyoharjo ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁kelurahan ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁pemalang ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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| 105 |
+
| 32k | `▁mulyoharjo ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁kelurahan ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁pemalang ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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**Sample 3:** `Klegen i ma sada huta na adong di Kecamatan Comal, Kabupaten Pemalang, Propinsi ...`
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| Vocab | Tokens | Count |
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| 110 |
|-------|--------|-------|
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| 111 |
+
| 8k | `▁kl egen ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ... (+11 more)` | 21 |
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| 112 |
+
| 16k | `▁klegen ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁comal ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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| 113 |
+
| 32k | `▁klegen ▁i ▁ma ▁sada ▁huta ▁na ▁adong ▁di ▁kecamatan ▁comal ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
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### Key Findings
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+
- **Best Compression:** 32k achieves 3.663x compression
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- **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.2131% unknown tokens
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- **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
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- **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
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|
| 126 |

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+

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### Results
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| 134 |
+
| N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
|
| 135 |
+
|--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
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| 136 |
+
| **2-gram** | Word | 8,528 | 13.06 | 26,426 | 17.5% | 42.8% |
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+
| **2-gram** | Subword | 185 🏆 | 7.53 | 3,491 | 77.6% | 99.2% |
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+
| **3-gram** | Word | 22,579 | 14.46 | 43,165 | 8.3% | 25.2% |
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+
| **3-gram** | Subword | 1,219 | 10.25 | 18,183 | 38.1% | 83.2% |
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| **4-gram** | Word | 44,749 | 15.45 | 67,595 | 5.7% | 16.0% |
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| **4-gram** | Subword | 5,604 | 12.45 | 70,417 | 19.7% | 54.7% |
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|
| 143 |
### Top 5 N-grams by Size
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|
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+
**2-grams (Word):**
|
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|
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 148 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 149 |
+
| 1 | `angka na` | 4,424 |
|
| 150 |
+
| 2 | `dung i` | 4,327 |
|
| 151 |
+
| 3 | `ni si` | 4,061 |
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| 152 |
+
| 4 | `i ma` | 3,622 |
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| 153 |
+
| 5 | `ni jahowa` | 2,892 |
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|
| 155 |
+
**3-grams (Word):**
|
| 156 |
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| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 158 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
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+
| 1 | `anak ni si` | 1,613 |
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| 160 |
+
| 2 | `dung i ninna` | 735 |
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| 161 |
+
| 3 | `i ma sada` | 728 |
|
| 162 |
+
| 4 | `hata ni jahowa` | 703 |
|
| 163 |
+
| 5 | `na adong di` | 690 |
|
| 164 |
|
| 165 |
+
**4-grams (Word):**
|
| 166 |
|
| 167 |
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 168 |
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 169 |
+
| 1 | `on do hata ni` | 423 |
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| 170 |
+
| 2 | `songon on do hata` | 408 |
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| 171 |
+
| 3 | `i ma sada huta` | 363 |
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| 172 |
+
| 4 | `angka anak ni si` | 336 |
|
| 173 |
+
| 5 | `na adong di kecamatan` | 297 |
|
| 174 |
+
|
| 175 |
+
**2-grams (Subword):**
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+
|
| 177 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
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| 178 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
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| 179 |
+
| 1 | `a _` | 206,904 |
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| 180 |
+
| 2 | `a n` | 205,541 |
|
| 181 |
+
| 3 | `n g` | 154,122 |
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| 182 |
+
| 4 | `i _` | 143,001 |
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| 183 |
+
| 5 | `n a` | 122,611 |
|
| 184 |
+
|
| 185 |
+
**3-grams (Subword):**
|
| 186 |
+
|
| 187 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 188 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 189 |
+
| 1 | `a n g` | 81,985 |
|
| 190 |
+
| 2 | `_ m a` | 76,327 |
|
| 191 |
+
| 3 | `n a _` | 58,974 |
|
| 192 |
+
| 4 | `_ n a` | 53,547 |
|
| 193 |
+
| 5 | `a n _` | 51,343 |
|
| 194 |
+
|
| 195 |
+
**4-grams (Subword):**
|
| 196 |
+
|
| 197 |
+
| Rank | N-gram | Count |
|
| 198 |
+
|------|--------|-------|
|
| 199 |
+
| 1 | `_ n i _` | 34,971 |
|
| 200 |
+
| 2 | `_ n a _` | 33,600 |
|
| 201 |
+
| 3 | `_ d i _` | 25,982 |
|
| 202 |
+
| 4 | `a n g k` | 24,957 |
|
| 203 |
+
| 5 | `_ m a _` | 23,771 |
|
| 204 |
|
| 205 |
|
| 206 |
### Key Findings
|
| 207 |
|
| 208 |
+
- **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 185
|
| 209 |
- **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
|
| 210 |
+
- **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~55% of corpus
|
| 211 |
- **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
|
| 212 |
|
| 213 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 215 |
|
| 216 |

|
| 217 |
|
| 218 |
+

|
| 219 |
+
|
| 220 |

|
| 221 |
|
| 222 |
### Results
|
| 223 |
|
| 224 |
+
| Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
|
| 225 |
+
|---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
|
| 226 |
+
| **1** | Word | 0.9188 | 1.890 | 6.44 | 50,697 | 8.1% |
|
| 227 |
+
| **1** | Subword | 0.9378 | 1.916 | 7.17 | 1,435 | 6.2% |
|
| 228 |
+
| **2** | Word | 0.3742 | 1.296 | 2.02 | 325,909 | 62.6% |
|
| 229 |
+
| **2** | Subword | 0.7095 | 1.635 | 4.04 | 10,290 | 29.0% |
|
| 230 |
+
| **3** | Word | 0.1535 | 1.112 | 1.28 | 658,447 | 84.6% |
|
| 231 |
+
| **3** | Subword | 0.6445 | 1.563 | 3.15 | 41,529 | 35.5% |
|
| 232 |
+
| **4** | Word | 0.0590 🏆 | 1.042 | 1.09 | 840,046 | 94.1% |
|
| 233 |
+
| **4** | Subword | 0.5191 | 1.433 | 2.39 | 130,734 | 48.1% |
|
| 234 |
|
| 235 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
|
| 236 |
|
| 237 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
|
| 238 |
|
| 239 |
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 240 |
|
| 241 |
+
1. `ni harbangan asa dioloi si ferdinand lumban gaol boi manampung 1 11 3 naung disunat 2`
|
| 242 |
+
2. `na marumur sataon na humaliang 5 000 m2 hira hira songon sondang ni raja iii diida`
|
| 243 |
+
3. `i gok daupa sian si daud sian pangasammu do sarita pardapot ni na sampuludua i 22`
|
| 244 |
|
| 245 |
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 246 |
|
| 247 |
+
1. `angka na niuhir dohot na tarulang angka bagasnasida jala ndang marnalemba 10 38 ingkon mago roham ba...`
|
| 248 |
+
2. `dung i ninna jesus ma siseanna i ninna parompuan na mabalu disi marmudu ho 17 2 dung`
|
| 249 |
+
3. `ni si beor pangarunding i dibunu halak daniel 6 6 1 hamu pe ditanda sada pangituai parheheon`
|
| 250 |
|
| 251 |
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 252 |
|
| 253 |
+
1. `anak ni si jaasia si beno 24 27 ia angka anak ni si aron ma mudar i jala`
|
| 254 |
+
2. `dung i ninna ibana tu ahu hombar tu bagabagam 119 171 sai marbulakkon pujipujian ma angka bibirhu al...`
|
| 255 |
+
3. `i ma sada kecamatan na adong di kecamatan petarukan kabupaten pemalang propinsi jawa tonga indonesia...`
|
| 256 |
|
| 257 |
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 258 |
|
| 259 |
+
1. `on do hata ni tuhan jahowa ida ma ahu sandiri pahehehon tu nasida hahisaron dohot hamalumon jala pam...`
|
| 260 |
+
2. `songon on do hata ni jahowa zebaot tu hamu malim angka na palea goarhu hape lam didok hamu do`
|
| 261 |
+
3. `i ma sada huta na maringanan di kecamatan tarutung kabupaten tapanuli utara propinsi sumatera utara ...`
|
| 262 |
+
|
| 263 |
+
|
| 264 |
+
### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
|
| 265 |
+
|
| 266 |
+
Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
|
| 267 |
+
|
| 268 |
+
**Context Size 1:**
|
| 269 |
+
|
| 270 |
+
1. `_nobedi_anoa?_hi`
|
| 271 |
+
2. `akoni_jarin_a_ng`
|
| 272 |
+
3. `nabomaholalowap_`
|
| 273 |
+
|
| 274 |
+
**Context Size 2:**
|
| 275 |
+
|
| 276 |
+
1. `a_sia_ahaan_rohot`
|
| 277 |
+
2. `anahu:_tana_raela`
|
| 278 |
+
3. `ngon_nak_i._10:2_`
|
| 279 |
+
|
| 280 |
+
**Context Size 3:**
|
| 281 |
+
|
| 282 |
+
1. `anggo_ia_ingka_jor`
|
| 283 |
+
2. `_marik_marhabus;_a`
|
| 284 |
+
3. `na_5_menjangkup_he`
|
| 285 |
+
|
| 286 |
+
**Context Size 4:**
|
| 287 |
+
|
| 288 |
+
1. `_ni_angka_halak_juj`
|
| 289 |
+
2. `_na_hian_gabe_manan`
|
| 290 |
+
3. `_di_bagaska_indones`
|
| 291 |
|
| 292 |
|
| 293 |
### Key Findings
|
| 294 |
|
| 295 |
+
- **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 94.1% predictability
|
| 296 |
- **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
|
| 297 |
+
- **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (130,734 contexts)
|
| 298 |
- **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
|
| 299 |
|
| 300 |
---
|
|
|
|
| 310 |
|
| 311 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 312 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 313 |
+
| Vocabulary Size | 24,970 |
|
| 314 |
+
| Total Tokens | 972,166 |
|
| 315 |
+
| Mean Frequency | 38.93 |
|
| 316 |
| Median Frequency | 4 |
|
| 317 |
+
| Frequency Std Dev | 557.36 |
|
| 318 |
|
| 319 |
### Most Common Words
|
| 320 |
|
| 321 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 322 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 323 |
+
| 1 | ni | 35,042 |
|
| 324 |
+
| 2 | na | 33,939 |
|
| 325 |
+
| 3 | i | 32,856 |
|
| 326 |
+
| 4 | ma | 26,602 |
|
| 327 |
+
| 5 | di | 26,003 |
|
| 328 |
+
| 6 | tu | 20,420 |
|
| 329 |
+
| 7 | do | 19,118 |
|
| 330 |
+
| 8 | angka | 17,417 |
|
| 331 |
+
| 9 | jala | 14,585 |
|
| 332 |
+
| 10 | dohot | 13,546 |
|
| 333 |
|
| 334 |
### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
|
| 335 |
|
| 336 |
| Rank | Word | Frequency |
|
| 337 |
|------|------|-----------|
|
| 338 |
+
| 1 | continua | 2 |
|
| 339 |
+
| 2 | giuseppe | 2 |
|
| 340 |
+
| 3 | mamutuskan | 2 |
|
| 341 |
+
| 4 | disidang | 2 |
|
| 342 |
+
| 5 | disuspensi | 2 |
|
| 343 |
+
| 6 | formula | 2 |
|
| 344 |
+
| 7 | dibenarkan | 2 |
|
| 345 |
+
| 8 | pidana | 2 |
|
| 346 |
+
| 9 | piazza | 2 |
|
| 347 |
+
| 10 | fontana | 2 |
|
| 348 |
|
| 349 |
### Zipf's Law Analysis
|
| 350 |
|
| 351 |
| Metric | Value |
|
| 352 |
|--------|-------|
|
| 353 |
+
| Zipf Coefficient | 1.1798 |
|
| 354 |
+
| R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.997075 |
|
| 355 |
| Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
|
| 356 |
|
| 357 |
### Coverage Analysis
|
| 358 |
|
| 359 |
| Top N Words | Coverage |
|
| 360 |
|-------------|----------|
|
| 361 |
+
| Top 100 | 53.7% |
|
| 362 |
+
| Top 1,000 | 78.4% |
|
| 363 |
+
| Top 5,000 | 91.4% |
|
| 364 |
+
| Top 10,000 | 95.7% |
|
| 365 |
|
| 366 |
### Key Findings
|
| 367 |
|
| 368 |
+
- **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9971 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
|
| 369 |
+
- **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 53.7% of corpus
|
| 370 |
+
- **Long Tail:** 14,970 words needed for remaining 4.3% coverage
|
| 371 |
|
| 372 |
---
|
| 373 |
## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
|
|
|
|
| 380 |
|
| 381 |

|
| 382 |
|
|
|
|
| 383 |
|
| 384 |
+
### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
|
| 385 |
+
|
| 386 |
+
> *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
|
| 387 |
+
|
| 388 |
+
|
| 389 |
+
### 5.2 Model Comparison
|
| 390 |
+
|
| 391 |
+
| Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
|
| 392 |
+
|-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
|
| 393 |
+
| **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.8223 🏆 | 0.3239 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 394 |
+
| **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.7605 | 0.2710 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 395 |
+
| **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.4652 | 0.2352 | N/A | N/A |
|
| 396 |
|
| 397 |
### Key Findings
|
| 398 |
|
| 399 |
+
- **Best Isotropy:** mono_32d with 0.8223 (more uniform distribution)
|
| 400 |
+
- **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2767. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
|
| 401 |
+
- **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
|
| 402 |
+
- **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
|
| 403 |
|
| 404 |
---
|
| 405 |
+
## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
|
| 406 |
+
|
| 407 |
+
> ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
|
| 408 |
+
|
| 409 |
+
This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
|
| 410 |
+
|
| 411 |
+
### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
|
| 412 |
+
|
| 413 |
+
| Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
|
| 414 |
+
|--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
|
| 415 |
+
| Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
|
| 416 |
+
| Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
|
| 417 |
+
|
| 418 |
+
### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
|
| 419 |
+
|
| 420 |
+
These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
#### Productive Prefixes
|
| 423 |
+
| Prefix | Examples |
|
| 424 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 425 |
+
| `-pa` | paunsathon, paraguay, panimbukbuk |
|
| 426 |
+
| `-ma` | matan, marsogotna, marimbang |
|
| 427 |
+
| `-di` | dihalungunhon, dipajonok, dikunjungi |
|
| 428 |
+
| `-mar` | marsogotna, marimbang, marsuhat |
|
| 429 |
+
| `-si` | sintuana, simalolongna, siotihotik |
|
| 430 |
+
| `-man` | manongoshon, maneat, manongos |
|
| 431 |
+
| `-par` | paraguay, paransis, parmaraan |
|
| 432 |
+
| `-ha` | haro, hadoboon, hakristenon |
|
| 433 |
+
|
| 434 |
+
#### Productive Suffixes
|
| 435 |
+
| Suffix | Examples |
|
| 436 |
+
|--------|----------|
|
| 437 |
+
| `-n` | matan, kanan, paunsathon |
|
| 438 |
+
| `-a` | bulanda, tanomanmuna, musikna |
|
| 439 |
+
| `-on` | paunsathon, manongoshon, dihalungunhon |
|
| 440 |
+
| `-na` | tanomanmuna, musikna, marsogotna |
|
| 441 |
+
| `-an` | matan, kanan, tibetan |
|
| 442 |
+
| `-ng` | marimbang, palding, lumeleng |
|
| 443 |
+
| `-hon` | paunsathon, manongoshon, dihalungunhon |
|
| 444 |
+
| `-nna` | anginna, binoanna, parumaenna |
|
| 445 |
+
|
| 446 |
+
### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
|
| 447 |
+
|
| 448 |
+
Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
|
| 449 |
+
|
| 450 |
+
| Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
|
| 451 |
+
|------|----------|------------------|----------|
|
| 452 |
+
| `anga` | 1.65x | 126 contexts | angan, sanga, langa |
|
| 453 |
+
| `angk` | 1.46x | 153 contexts | angka, rangka, dangka |
|
| 454 |
+
| `mang` | 1.72x | 61 contexts | amang, damang, mangae |
|
| 455 |
+
| `ngka` | 1.53x | 87 contexts | angka, rangka, dangka |
|
| 456 |
+
| `ngko` | 1.76x | 41 contexts | ingkon, angkot, tingko |
|
| 457 |
+
| `onga` | 1.75x | 36 contexts | longa, tonga, dongan |
|
| 458 |
+
| `angg` | 1.39x | 75 contexts | anggo, anggi, anggia |
|
| 459 |
+
| `anna` | 1.73x | 31 contexts | hanna, manna, annai |
|
| 460 |
+
| `bahe` | 1.78x | 26 contexts | bahen, dibahe, ibahen |
|
| 461 |
+
| `ingk` | 1.43x | 59 contexts | ingkon, tingki, lingka |
|
| 462 |
+
| `ngan` | 1.37x | 65 contexts | ingan, angan, dongan |
|
| 463 |
+
| `ndan` | 1.68x | 25 contexts | ndang, pandan, undang |
|
| 464 |
+
|
| 465 |
+
### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
|
| 466 |
+
|
| 467 |
+
This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
|
| 468 |
+
|
| 469 |
+
| Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
|
| 470 |
+
|--------|--------|-----------|----------|
|
| 471 |
+
| `-pa` | `-n` | 372 words | paboaon, pangalelaon |
|
| 472 |
+
| `-ma` | `-n` | 227 words | malungun, mambahen |
|
| 473 |
+
| `-pa` | `-on` | 208 words | paboaon, pangalelaon |
|
| 474 |
+
| `-pa` | `-a` | 196 words | pangkeannasida, padanna |
|
| 475 |
+
| `-pa` | `-an` | 162 words | pamalian, parmiahan |
|
| 476 |
+
| `-di` | `-n` | 135 words | diparsahitan, dison |
|
| 477 |
+
| `-ma` | `-on` | 127 words | mangkalungunhon, mangkasogohon |
|
| 478 |
+
| `-pa` | `-na` | 124 words | padanna, pandokna |
|
| 479 |
+
| `-ha` | `-n` | 124 words | harun, hamulian |
|
| 480 |
+
| `-di` | `-on` | 113 words | dison, ditahbishon |
|
| 481 |
+
|
| 482 |
+
### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
|
| 483 |
+
|
| 484 |
+
Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
|
| 485 |
+
|
| 486 |
+
| Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
|
| 487 |
+
|------|-----------------|------------|------|
|
| 488 |
+
| dipahatahata | **`di-pa-ha-ta-hata`** | 9.0 | `hata` |
|
| 489 |
+
| marhatomanon | **`mar-ha-toman-on`** | 7.5 | `toman` |
|
| 490 |
+
| panimbangan | **`pan-imba-ng-an`** | 7.5 | `imba` |
|
| 491 |
+
| patongonhon | **`pa-tong-on-hon`** | 7.5 | `tong` |
|
| 492 |
+
| hatigoranku | **`ha-tigor-an-ku`** | 7.5 | `tigor` |
|
| 493 |
+
| pargogoanku | **`par-gogo-an-ku`** | 7.5 | `gogo` |
|
| 494 |
+
| hagaleonku | **`ha-gale-on-ku`** | 7.5 | `gale` |
|
| 495 |
+
| dipatongon | **`di-pa-tong-on`** | 7.5 | `tong` |
|
| 496 |
+
| taparrohahon | **`ta-par-roha-hon`** | 7.5 | `roha` |
|
| 497 |
+
| parhaporseaon | **`par-ha-porsea-on`** | 7.5 | `porsea` |
|
| 498 |
+
| hamuliaonku | **`ha-mulia-on-ku`** | 7.5 | `mulia` |
|
| 499 |
+
| paluhutonku | **`pa-luhut-on-ku`** | 7.5 | `luhut` |
|
| 500 |
+
| hamateanna | **`ha-ma-tean-na`** | 7.5 | `tean` |
|
| 501 |
+
| silehononku | **`si-lehon-on-ku`** | 7.5 | `lehon` |
|
| 502 |
+
| patoltolonku | **`pa-toltol-on-ku`** | 7.5 | `toltol` |
|
| 503 |
+
|
| 504 |
+
### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
|
| 505 |
+
|
| 506 |
+
> **Automated Insight:**
|
| 507 |
+
The language BBC appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
|
| 508 |
+
|
| 509 |
+
---
|
| 510 |
+
## 7. Summary & Recommendations
|
| 511 |
|
| 512 |

|
| 513 |
|
|
|
|
| 515 |
|
| 516 |
| Component | Recommended | Rationale |
|
| 517 |
|-----------|-------------|-----------|
|
| 518 |
+
| Tokenizer | **32k BPE** | Best compression (3.66x) |
|
| 519 |
+
| N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (185) |
|
| 520 |
+
| Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (94.1%) |
|
| 521 |
| Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
|
| 522 |
|
| 523 |
+
|
| 524 |
---
|
| 525 |
## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
|
| 526 |
|
|
|
|
| 710 |
author = {Kamali, Omar},
|
| 711 |
title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
|
| 712 |
year = {2025},
|
| 713 |
+
doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
|
| 714 |
+
publisher = {Zenodo},
|
| 715 |
url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
|
| 716 |
institution = {Omneity Labs}
|
| 717 |
}
|
|
|
|
| 727 |
- 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
|
| 728 |
- 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
|
| 729 |
- 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
|
| 730 |
+
- 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
|
| 731 |
---
|
| 732 |
*Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
|
| 733 |
|
| 734 |
+
*Report Date: 2026-01-03 06:19:26*
|
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