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Upload all models and assets for dag (20251001)

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  1. README.md +302 -135
  2. models/embeddings/monolingual/dag_128d.bin +2 -2
  3. models/embeddings/monolingual/dag_128d_metadata.json +5 -3
  4. models/embeddings/monolingual/dag_32d.bin +2 -2
  5. models/embeddings/monolingual/dag_32d_metadata.json +5 -3
  6. models/embeddings/monolingual/dag_64d.bin +2 -2
  7. models/embeddings/monolingual/dag_64d_metadata.json +5 -3
  8. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx1_subword.parquet +2 -2
  9. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx1_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  10. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx2_subword.parquet +2 -2
  11. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx2_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  12. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx3_subword.parquet +2 -2
  13. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx3_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  14. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx4_subword.parquet +2 -2
  15. models/subword_markov/dag_markov_ctx4_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  16. models/subword_ngram/dag_2gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  17. models/subword_ngram/dag_2gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  18. models/subword_ngram/dag_3gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  19. models/subword_ngram/dag_3gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  20. models/subword_ngram/dag_4gram_subword.parquet +2 -2
  21. models/subword_ngram/dag_4gram_subword_metadata.json +2 -2
  22. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_16k.model +2 -2
  23. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_16k.vocab +0 -0
  24. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_32k.model +2 -2
  25. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_32k.vocab +0 -0
  26. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_64k.model +2 -2
  27. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_64k.vocab +0 -0
  28. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_8k.model +2 -2
  29. models/tokenizer/dag_tokenizer_8k.vocab +0 -0
  30. models/vocabulary/dag_vocabulary.parquet +2 -2
  31. models/vocabulary/dag_vocabulary_metadata.json +10 -9
  32. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx1_word.parquet +2 -2
  33. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx1_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  34. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx2_word.parquet +2 -2
  35. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx2_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  36. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx3_word.parquet +2 -2
  37. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx3_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  38. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx4_word.parquet +2 -2
  39. models/word_markov/dag_markov_ctx4_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  40. models/word_ngram/dag_2gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  41. models/word_ngram/dag_2gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  42. models/word_ngram/dag_3gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  43. models/word_ngram/dag_3gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  44. models/word_ngram/dag_4gram_word.parquet +2 -2
  45. models/word_ngram/dag_4gram_word_metadata.json +2 -2
  46. visualizations/embedding_isotropy.png +0 -0
  47. visualizations/embedding_norms.png +0 -0
  48. visualizations/embedding_similarity.png +2 -2
  49. visualizations/markov_branching.png +0 -0
  50. visualizations/markov_contexts.png +0 -0
README.md CHANGED
@@ -23,14 +23,14 @@ dataset_info:
23
  metrics:
24
  - name: best_compression_ratio
25
  type: compression
26
- value: 3.798
27
  - name: best_isotropy
28
  type: isotropy
29
- value: 0.7945
30
  - name: vocabulary_size
31
  type: vocab
32
- value: 144073
33
- generated: 2025-12-29
34
  ---
35
 
36
  # DAG - Wikilangs Models
@@ -44,12 +44,13 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
44
  ### Models & Assets
45
 
46
  - Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
47
- - N-gram models (2, 3, 4-gram)
48
- - Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3 and 4)
49
  - Subword N-gram and Markov chains
50
- - Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions
51
  - Language Vocabulary
52
  - Language Statistics
 
53
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
54
 
55
  ### Analysis and Evaluation
@@ -59,7 +60,8 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
59
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
60
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
61
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
62
- - [6. Summary & Recommendations](#6-summary--recommendations)
 
63
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
64
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
65
 
@@ -68,53 +70,57 @@ We analyze tokenizers, n-gram models, Markov chains, vocabulary statistics, and
68
 
69
  ![Tokenizer Compression](visualizations/tokenizer_compression.png)
70
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
71
  ### Results
72
 
73
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
74
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
75
- | **8k** | 3.288x | 3.27 | 0.0331% | 869,625 |
76
- | **16k** | 3.508x | 3.49 | 0.0353% | 815,031 |
77
- | **32k** | 3.685x | 3.66 | 0.0371% | 775,924 |
78
- | **64k** | 3.798x 🏆 | 3.78 | 0.0383% | 752,740 |
79
 
80
  ### Tokenization Examples
81
 
82
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
83
 
84
- **Sample 1:** `Soyauxia velutina nyɛla Soyauxia zuliya la puuni zaɣa yini.`
85
 
86
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
87
  |-------|--------|-------|
88
- | 8k | `▁soya u xiav el ut ina ▁nyɛla ▁soya u ... (+7 more)` | 17 |
89
- | 16k | `▁soya u xiavel ut ina ▁nyɛla ▁soya u xia ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
90
- | 32k | `▁soya u xiavel ut ina ▁nyɛla ▁soya u xia ... (+6 more)` | 16 |
91
- | 64k | `▁soya u xiavel utina ▁nyɛla ▁soya u xia zuliya ... (+5 more)` | 15 |
92
 
93
- **Sample 2:** `Dagbanli Wikipedia nyɛla Wikipedia yaɣishɛli din sabbu nyɛla Dagbanli ka di tiri...`
94
 
95
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
96
  |-------|--------|-------|
97
- | 8k | `▁dagbanliwikipedianyɛlawikipediayaɣi shɛli dinsabbunyɛladagbanli ... (+23 more)` | 33 |
98
- | 16k | `▁dagbanliwikipedia ▁nyɛla ▁wikipediayaɣishɛlidinsabbunyɛladagbanlika ... (+19 more)` | 29 |
99
- | 32k | `▁dagbanliwikipedia ▁nyɛla ▁wikipediayaɣishɛlidinsabbunyɛladagbanlika ... (+18 more)` | 28 |
100
- | 64k | `▁dagbanliwikipedia ▁nyɛla ▁wikipediayaɣishɛlidinsabbunyɛladagbanlika ... (+18 more)` | 28 |
101
 
102
- **Sample 3:** `Kaʒiya nyɛla Yaa Naa paɣa ŋun pahiri ayi yuli.
103
- Taarihi
104
- Kundivihira`
105
 
106
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
107
  |-------|--------|-------|
108
- | 8k | `▁ka ʒi ya ▁nyɛla ▁yaanaa ▁paɣa ▁ŋun pahiriayi ... (+4 more)` | 14 |
109
- | 16k | `▁ka ʒi ya ▁nyɛla ▁yaanaa ▁paɣa ▁ŋun pahiriayi ... (+4 more)` | 14 |
110
- | 32k | `▁ka ʒiya ▁nyɛla ▁yaa ▁naapaɣa ▁ŋunpahiriayi ▁yuli ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
111
- | 64k | `▁ka ʒiya ▁nyɛla ▁yaanaa ▁paɣa ▁ŋun pahiriayiyuli ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
112
 
113
 
114
  ### Key Findings
115
 
116
- - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 3.798x compression
117
- - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0331% unknown tokens
118
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
119
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
120
 
@@ -123,57 +129,89 @@ Kundivihira`
123
 
124
  ![N-gram Perplexity](visualizations/ngram_perplexity.png)
125
 
 
 
126
  ![N-gram Coverage](visualizations/ngram_coverage.png)
127
 
128
  ### Results
129
 
130
- | N-gram | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
131
- |--------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
132
- | **2-gram** | 24,966 🏆 | 14.61 | 188,164 | 17.0% | 36.0% |
133
- | **2-gram** | 423 🏆 | 8.72 | 7,859 | 55.8% | 97.7% |
134
- | **3-gram** | 60,310 | 15.88 | 362,741 | 14.0% | 28.1% |
135
- | **3-gram** | 4,210 | 12.04 | 70,197 | 17.9% | 59.2% |
136
- | **4-gram** | 110,926 | 16.76 | 665,471 | 13.6% | 24.8% |
137
- | **4-gram** | 26,280 | 14.68 | 408,931 | 8.8% | 29.5% |
138
 
139
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
140
 
141
- **2-grams:**
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
142
 
143
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
144
  |------|--------|-------|
145
- | 1 | `| |` | 134,746 |
146
- | 2 | `align =` | 45,935 |
147
- | 3 | `| align` | 45,817 |
148
- | 4 | `= "` | 42,517 |
149
- | 5 | `" |` | 41,324 |
150
 
151
- **3-grams:**
152
 
153
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
154
  |------|--------|-------|
155
- | 1 | `| align =` | 45,817 |
156
- | 2 | `align = "` | 38,202 |
157
- | 3 | `| | align` | 38,026 |
158
- | 4 | `= " center` | 23,000 |
159
- | 5 | `" center "` | 23,000 |
160
 
161
- **4-grams:**
162
 
163
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
164
  |------|--------|-------|
165
- | 1 | `| align = "` | 38,119 |
166
- | 2 | `| | align =` | 38,026 |
167
- | 3 | `align = " center` | 23,000 |
168
- | 4 | `= " center "` | 22,999 |
169
- | 5 | `" center " |` | 22,948 |
170
 
171
 
172
  ### Key Findings
173
 
174
- - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram with 423
175
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
176
- - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~29% of corpus
177
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
178
 
179
  ---
@@ -181,55 +219,86 @@ Kundivihira`
181
 
182
  ![Markov Entropy](visualizations/markov_entropy.png)
183
 
 
 
184
  ![Markov Branching](visualizations/markov_branching.png)
185
 
186
  ### Results
187
 
188
- | Context | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
189
- |---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
190
- | **1** | 0.5033 | 1.417 | 4.95 | 440,521 | 49.7% |
191
- | **1** | 1.2280 | 2.342 | 7.57 | 3,894 | 0.0% |
192
- | **2** | 0.3109 | 1.241 | 1.99 | 2,180,092 | 68.9% |
193
- | **2** | 0.7059 | 1.631 | 5.02 | 29,465 | 29.4% |
194
- | **3** | 0.1506 | 1.110 | 1.33 | 4,328,117 | 84.9% |
195
- | **3** | 0.8636 | 1.820 | 4.71 | 148,003 | 13.6% |
196
- | **4** | 0.0788 🏆 | 1.056 | 1.15 | 5,753,766 | 92.1% |
197
- | **4** | 0.7332 🏆 | 1.662 | 3.29 | 697,702 | 26.7% |
 
 
 
 
198
 
199
- ### Generated Text Samples
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
200
 
201
- Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
202
 
203
  **Context Size 1:**
204
 
205
- 1. `, trevor jones and circulation . " | 2019 . taylor sheridan , bruxelles ’ shεli`
206
- 2. `| g | jim sturgess , emma thompson , kabɛ zani mi binyahiri maalibu mini queens`
207
- 3. `. > ŋɔ ka tuunvɛla tumbu bee yahibu zuɣu o ŋmai jia , domin bɛ yεli`
208
 
209
  **Context Size 2:**
210
 
211
- 1. `| | 2 . 2the price is rightvirtuosthe price is right : the voyage of sinbad ted`
212
- 2. `align = center | | align = " top " | north carolina arts coalition 1979 :`
213
- 3. `| align = " center " | | - | align = " center " | -`
214
 
215
  **Context Size 3:**
216
 
217
- 1. `| align = " left " | kentucky | | align = center | | - | align`
218
- 2. `align = " left " | real madrid | align = " left " | grambling state |`
219
- 3. `| | align = " center " | | | align = center | | - | align`
220
 
221
  **Context Size 4:**
222
 
223
- 1. `| align = " left " | tulsa | | align = " left " | liu brooklyn |`
224
- 2. `| | align = " center " | 1 | | align = " center " | f |`
225
- 3. `align = " center " | 1 | | align = " left " | utah | | align`
226
 
227
 
228
  ### Key Findings
229
 
230
- - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 with 92.1% predictability
231
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
232
- - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (697,702 contexts)
233
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
234
 
235
  ---
@@ -245,64 +314,64 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
245
 
246
  | Metric | Value |
247
  |--------|-------|
248
- | Vocabulary Size | 144,073 |
249
- | Total Tokens | 6,561,803 |
250
- | Mean Frequency | 45.54 |
251
  | Median Frequency | 4 |
252
- | Frequency Std Dev | 780.34 |
253
 
254
  ### Most Common Words
255
 
256
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
257
  |------|------|-----------|
258
- | 1 | ni | 105,049 |
259
- | 2 | the | 93,758 |
260
- | 3 | of | 89,633 |
261
- | 4 | daa | 75,893 |
262
- | 5 | o | 71,379 |
263
- | 6 | ka | 70,354 |
264
- | 7 | n | 52,468 |
265
- | 8 | nyɛla | 50,022 |
266
- | 9 | din | 48,371 |
267
- | 10 | align | 46,328 |
268
 
269
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
270
 
271
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
272
  |------|------|-----------|
273
- | 1 | hadja | 2 |
274
- | 2 | labcitoyen | 2 |
275
- | 3 | yikonim | 2 |
276
- | 4 | fiqhi | 2 |
277
- | 5 | sapuhi | 2 |
278
- | 6 | hoti | 2 |
279
- | 7 | xai | 2 |
280
- | 8 | coloboma | 2 |
281
- | 9 | ziɛ | 2 |
282
- | 10 | bɔɔlɔ | 2 |
283
 
284
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
285
 
286
  | Metric | Value |
287
  |--------|-------|
288
- | Zipf Coefficient | 1.0748 |
289
- | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.994305 |
290
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
291
 
292
  ### Coverage Analysis
293
 
294
  | Top N Words | Coverage |
295
  |-------------|----------|
296
- | Top 100 | 31.7% |
297
- | Top 1,000 | 59.4% |
298
- | Top 5,000 | 78.0% |
299
- | Top 10,000 | 84.7% |
300
 
301
  ### Key Findings
302
 
303
- - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9943 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
304
- - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 31.7% of corpus
305
- - **Long Tail:** 134,073 words needed for remaining 15.3% coverage
306
 
307
  ---
308
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
@@ -315,24 +384,119 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
315
 
316
  ![t-SNE Sentences](visualizations/tsne_sentences.png)
317
 
318
- ### Model Comparison
319
 
320
- | Model | Vocab Size | Dimension | Avg Norm | Std Norm | Isotropy |
321
- |-------|------------|-----------|----------|----------|----------|
322
- | **mono_32d** | 82,599 | 32 | 3.850 | 1.140 | 0.7771 |
323
- | **mono_64d** | 82,599 | 64 | 4.436 | 1.061 | 0.7860 |
324
- | **mono_128d** | 82,599 | 128 | 5.151 | 0.960 | 0.7945 🏆 |
325
- | **embeddings_enhanced** | 0 | 0 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.0000 |
 
 
 
 
 
 
326
 
327
  ### Key Findings
328
 
329
- - **Best Isotropy:** mono_128d with 0.7945 (more uniform distribution)
330
- - **Dimension Trade-off:** Higher dimensions capture more semantics but reduce isotropy
331
- - **Vocabulary Coverage:** All models cover 82,599 words
332
- - **Recommendation:** 100d for balanced semantic capture and efficiency
333
 
334
  ---
335
- ## 6. Summary & Recommendations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
336
 
337
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
338
 
@@ -340,11 +504,12 @@ Below are text samples generated from each Markov chain model:
340
 
341
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
342
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
343
- | Tokenizer | **32k BPE** | Best compression (3.80x) with low UNK rate |
344
- | N-gram | **5-gram** | Lowest perplexity (423) |
345
- | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (92.1%) |
346
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
347
 
 
348
  ---
349
  ## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
350
 
@@ -534,7 +699,8 @@ If you use these models in your research, please cite:
534
  author = {Kamali, Omar},
535
  title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
536
  year = {2025},
537
- publisher = {HuggingFace},
 
538
  url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
539
  institution = {Omneity Labs}
540
  }
@@ -550,7 +716,8 @@ MIT License - Free for academic and commercial use.
550
  - 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
551
  - 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
552
  - 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
 
553
  ---
554
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
555
 
556
- *Report Date: 2025-12-29 09:14:13*
 
23
  metrics:
24
  - name: best_compression_ratio
25
  type: compression
26
+ value: 3.797
27
  - name: best_isotropy
28
  type: isotropy
29
+ value: 0.8190
30
  - name: vocabulary_size
31
  type: vocab
32
+ value: 0
33
+ generated: 2026-01-03
34
  ---
35
 
36
  # DAG - Wikilangs Models
 
44
  ### Models & Assets
45
 
46
  - Tokenizers (8k, 16k, 32k, 64k)
47
+ - N-gram models (2, 3, 4, 5-gram)
48
+ - Markov chains (context of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5)
49
  - Subword N-gram and Markov chains
50
+ - Embeddings in various sizes and dimensions (aligned and unaligned)
51
  - Language Vocabulary
52
  - Language Statistics
53
+
54
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
55
 
56
  ### Analysis and Evaluation
 
60
  - [3. Markov Chain Evaluation](#3-markov-chain-evaluation)
61
  - [4. Vocabulary Analysis](#4-vocabulary-analysis)
62
  - [5. Word Embeddings Evaluation](#5-word-embeddings-evaluation)
63
+ - [6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)](#6-morphological-analysis)
64
+ - [7. Summary & Recommendations](#7-summary--recommendations)
65
  - [Metrics Glossary](#appendix-metrics-glossary--interpretation-guide)
66
  - [Visualizations Index](#visualizations-index)
67
 
 
70
 
71
  ![Tokenizer Compression](visualizations/tokenizer_compression.png)
72
 
73
+ ![Tokenizer Fertility](visualizations/tokenizer_fertility.png)
74
+
75
+ ![Tokenizer OOV](visualizations/tokenizer_oov.png)
76
+
77
+ ![Total Tokens](visualizations/tokenizer_total_tokens.png)
78
+
79
  ### Results
80
 
81
  | Vocab Size | Compression | Avg Token Len | UNK Rate | Total Tokens |
82
  |------------|-------------|---------------|----------|--------------|
83
+ | **8k** | 3.299x | 3.30 | 0.0715% | 902,227 |
84
+ | **16k** | 3.519x | 3.52 | 0.0763% | 845,892 |
85
+ | **32k** | 3.683x | 3.68 | 0.0798% | 808,030 |
86
+ | **64k** | 3.797x 🏆 | 3.80 | 0.0823% | 783,801 |
87
 
88
  ### Tokenization Examples
89
 
90
  Below are sample sentences tokenized with each vocabulary size:
91
 
92
+ **Sample 1:** `Tamale International School (TIS) nyɛla kariŋ zuŋ ti talli m bɛ Jisonayili, Sagn...`
93
 
94
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
95
  |-------|--------|-------|
96
+ | 8k | `▁tamale ▁international ▁school( tis ) ▁nyɛla ▁kariŋ ▁zu ŋ ... (+14 more)` | 24 |
97
+ | 16k | `▁tamale ▁international ▁school( tis ) ▁nyɛla ▁kariŋ ▁zu ŋ ... (+11 more)` | 21 |
98
+ | 32k | `▁tamale ▁international ▁school( tis ) ▁nyɛla ▁kariŋ ▁zuŋ ▁ti ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
99
+ | 64k | `▁tamale ▁international ▁school( tis ) ▁nyɛla ▁kariŋ ▁zuŋti ... (+10 more)` | 20 |
100
 
101
+ **Sample 2:** ` nyɛla ti gbansabila paɣiba ban nyɛ toondanim bee tiŋgbani zuɣulanima`
102
 
103
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
104
  |-------|--------|-------|
105
+ | 8k | `▁nyɛlatigbansabilapaɣibabannyɛtoond anim bee ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
106
+ | 16k | `▁ ▁nyɛla ▁tigbansabilapaɣibabannyɛtoond anim bee ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
107
+ | 32k | `▁ ▁nyɛla ▁tigbansabilapaɣibabannyɛtoond anim bee ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
108
+ | 64k | `▁ ▁nyɛla ▁tigbansabilapaɣibabannyɛtoond anim bee ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
109
 
110
+ **Sample 3:** `GoondaaNaden, Tony. Dagbani dictionary. Webonary. Kundivihira`
 
 
111
 
112
  | Vocab | Tokens | Count |
113
  |-------|--------|-------|
114
+ | 8k | `▁go on da anaden ,tony .dagbanidictionary . ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
115
+ | 16k | `▁go on da anaden ,tony .dagbanidictionary . ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
116
+ | 32k | `▁go on da anaden ,tony .dagbanidictionary . ... (+3 more)` | 13 |
117
+ | 64k | `▁go onda anaden ,tony .dagbanidictionary . webonary ... (+2 more)` | 12 |
118
 
119
 
120
  ### Key Findings
121
 
122
+ - **Best Compression:** 64k achieves 3.797x compression
123
+ - **Lowest UNK Rate:** 8k with 0.0715% unknown tokens
124
  - **Trade-off:** Larger vocabularies improve compression but increase model size
125
  - **Recommendation:** 32k vocabulary provides optimal balance for production use
126
 
 
129
 
130
  ![N-gram Perplexity](visualizations/ngram_perplexity.png)
131
 
132
+ ![N-gram Unique](visualizations/ngram_unique.png)
133
+
134
  ![N-gram Coverage](visualizations/ngram_coverage.png)
135
 
136
  ### Results
137
 
138
+ | N-gram | Variant | Perplexity | Entropy | Unique N-grams | Top-100 Coverage | Top-1000 Coverage |
139
+ |--------|---------|------------|---------|----------------|------------------|-------------------|
140
+ | **2-gram** | Word | 32,119 | 14.97 | 135,454 | 12.8% | 30.2% |
141
+ | **2-gram** | Subword | 338 🏆 | 8.40 | 6,662 | 61.1% | 98.8% |
142
+ | **3-gram** | Word | 61,294 | 15.90 | 205,054 | 9.7% | 22.3% |
143
+ | **3-gram** | Subword | 3,287 | 11.68 | 48,860 | 19.7% | 63.9% |
144
+ | **4-gram** | Word | 122,956 | 16.91 | 377,494 | 8.8% | 17.3% |
145
+ | **4-gram** | Subword | 20,734 | 14.34 | 281,639 | 9.1% | 31.1% |
146
 
147
  ### Top 5 N-grams by Size
148
 
149
+ **2-grams (Word):**
150
+
151
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
152
+ |------|--------|-------|
153
+ | 1 | `of the` | 21,384 |
154
+ | 2 | `n ti` | 15,953 |
155
+ | 3 | `o daa` | 10,685 |
156
+ | 4 | `din be` | 10,124 |
157
+ | 5 | `ni daa` | 9,962 |
158
+
159
+ **3-grams (Word):**
160
+
161
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
162
+ |------|--------|-------|
163
+ | 1 | `of the year` | 4,890 |
164
+ | 2 | `n ti pahi` | 4,503 |
165
+ | 3 | `zaŋ n ti` | 3,966 |
166
+ | 4 | `nyɛla bɛ ni` | 3,607 |
167
+ | 5 | `bɛ ni daa` | 3,248 |
168
+
169
+ **4-grams (Word):**
170
+
171
+ | Rank | N-gram | Count |
172
+ |------|--------|-------|
173
+ | 1 | `ninsali biɛlim kalibu baŋsim` | 2,948 |
174
+ | 2 | `biɛlim kalibu baŋsim bɔhimbu` | 2,948 |
175
+ | 3 | `zalikpana mini gɔmnanti tali` | 2,947 |
176
+ | 4 | `ni nyamma soya economy` | 2,945 |
177
+ | 5 | `demographics ninsali biɛlim kalibu` | 2,944 |
178
+
179
+ **2-grams (Subword):**
180
 
181
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
182
  |------|--------|-------|
183
+ | 1 | `a _` | 739,697 |
184
+ | 2 | `i _` | 724,304 |
185
+ | 3 | `n _` | 498,067 |
186
+ | 4 | `a n` | 496,882 |
187
+ | 5 | `, _` | 495,235 |
188
 
189
+ **3-grams (Subword):**
190
 
191
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
192
  |------|--------|-------|
193
+ | 1 | `n i _` | 221,639 |
194
+ | 2 | `_ n i` | 165,629 |
195
+ | 3 | `_ m a` | 130,342 |
196
+ | 4 | `l i _` | 130,046 |
197
+ | 5 | `_ d a` | 129,510 |
198
 
199
+ **4-grams (Subword):**
200
 
201
  | Rank | N-gram | Count |
202
  |------|--------|-------|
203
+ | 1 | `t h e _` | 98,150 |
204
+ | 2 | `_ t h e` | 92,918 |
205
+ | 3 | `_ n i _` | 91,122 |
206
+ | 4 | `_ o f _` | 87,857 |
207
+ | 5 | `_ d a a` | 76,848 |
208
 
209
 
210
  ### Key Findings
211
 
212
+ - **Best Perplexity:** 2-gram (subword) with 338
213
  - **Entropy Trend:** Decreases with larger n-grams (more predictable)
214
+ - **Coverage:** Top-1000 patterns cover ~31% of corpus
215
  - **Recommendation:** 4-gram or 5-gram for best predictive performance
216
 
217
  ---
 
219
 
220
  ![Markov Entropy](visualizations/markov_entropy.png)
221
 
222
+ ![Markov Contexts](visualizations/markov_contexts.png)
223
+
224
  ![Markov Branching](visualizations/markov_branching.png)
225
 
226
  ### Results
227
 
228
+ | Context | Variant | Avg Entropy | Perplexity | Branching Factor | Unique Contexts | Predictability |
229
+ |---------|---------|-------------|------------|------------------|-----------------|----------------|
230
+ | **1** | Word | 0.7248 | 1.653 | 6.35 | 344,988 | 27.5% |
231
+ | **1** | Subword | 1.1283 | 2.186 | 6.69 | 4,037 | 0.0% |
232
+ | **2** | Word | 0.2745 | 1.210 | 1.73 | 2,189,455 | 72.6% |
233
+ | **2** | Subword | 0.6262 | 1.543 | 4.19 | 27,009 | 37.4% |
234
+ | **3** | Word | 0.1110 | 1.080 | 1.21 | 3,779,471 | 88.9% |
235
+ | **3** | Subword | 0.7294 | 1.658 | 4.22 | 113,279 | 27.1% |
236
+ | **4** | Word | 0.0538 🏆 | 1.038 | 1.09 | 4,582,569 | 94.6% |
237
+ | **4** | Subword | 0.7212 | 1.649 | 3.38 | 478,359 | 27.9% |
238
+
239
+ ### Generated Text Samples (Word-based)
240
+
241
+ Below are text samples generated from each word-based Markov chain model:
242
 
243
+ **Context Size 1:**
244
+
245
+ 1. `ni nyamma soya economy zalikpana mini polish o nyɛla bɛ tooi lahi sabiri yɛltɔɣa 23 47`
246
+ 2. `the break media binkpɛra transportation kundivihira pubu yaɣali tum yuuni fifa confederations cup s ...`
247
+ 3. `of the kurds of a african american lens nyɛla dolodolo mabiligu zaa tinsi salima di ni`
248
+
249
+ **Context Size 2:**
250
+
251
+ 1. `of the visual arts general science karimba ni climatologist o piligu mini o tumo tarsi tɔ taali`
252
+ 2. `n ti wɔbigi paati jintɔra justice baah mathuselah daa nyɛla nigeria sasabira niriba bela n daa tɔ`
253
+ 3. `o daa lahi sôå kpaåsi kaya ni taɣada culture lahabali churi media binkpɛra transportation kundivihir...`
254
+
255
+ **Context Size 3:**
256
+
257
+ 1. `of the year featuring farruko la familia urban album of the year lo siento bb himself best male`
258
+ 2. `n ti pahi metropolitan museum of art contemporary black artists july 1 31 counterpoints 23 march 16 ...`
259
+ 3. `zaŋ n ti daily graphic graphic communications group limited nima n daa ti o photographic curatorship...`
260
+
261
+ **Context Size 4:**
262
 
263
+ 1. `biɛlim kalibu baŋsim bɔhimbu bomma ni nyamma soya economy zalikpana mini gɔmnanti tali law and gover...`
264
+ 2. `ninsali biɛlim kalibu baŋsim bɔhimbu bomma ni nyamma soya economy zalikpana mini gɔmnanti tali law a...`
265
+ 3. `zalikpana mini gɔmnanti tali law and government baŋsim bɔbu education kaya ni taada lahabali churi m...`
266
+
267
+
268
+ ### Generated Text Samples (Subword-based)
269
+
270
+ Below are text samples generated from each subword-based Markov chain model:
271
 
272
  **Context Size 1:**
273
 
274
+ 1. `_tamprecstessia_`
275
+ 2. `abrae_devineri_f`
276
+ 3. `ir_imaa_munghica`
277
 
278
  **Context Size 2:**
279
 
280
+ 1. `a_noadoma_pause_a`
281
+ 2. `i_smi_bortion_ght`
282
+ 3. `n_sh_ana_/_mankss`
283
 
284
  **Context Size 3:**
285
 
286
+ 1. `ni_sologic_schardk`
287
+ 2. `_ni_bɛ_tumahaba_pv`
288
+ 3. `_may_les_populi_ma`
289
 
290
  **Context Size 4:**
291
 
292
+ 1. `the_cissued_tieth_c`
293
+ 2. `_the_sunships,_larr`
294
+ 3. `_ni_lebowalestory_c`
295
 
296
 
297
  ### Key Findings
298
 
299
+ - **Best Predictability:** Context-4 (word) with 94.6% predictability
300
  - **Branching Factor:** Decreases with context size (more deterministic)
301
+ - **Memory Trade-off:** Larger contexts require more storage (478,359 contexts)
302
  - **Recommendation:** Context-3 or Context-4 for text generation
303
 
304
  ---
 
314
 
315
  | Metric | Value |
316
  |--------|-------|
317
+ | Vocabulary Size | 131,668 |
318
+ | Total Tokens | 5,761,123 |
319
+ | Mean Frequency | 43.75 |
320
  | Median Frequency | 4 |
321
+ | Frequency Std Dev | 757.65 |
322
 
323
  ### Most Common Words
324
 
325
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
326
  |------|------|-----------|
327
+ | 1 | ni | 104,103 |
328
+ | 2 | the | 91,175 |
329
+ | 3 | of | 87,976 |
330
+ | 4 | daa | 75,182 |
331
+ | 5 | o | 70,845 |
332
+ | 6 | ka | 69,699 |
333
+ | 7 | n | 51,684 |
334
+ | 8 | nyɛla | 49,641 |
335
+ | 9 | din | 47,965 |
336
+ | 10 | di | 44,711 |
337
 
338
  ### Least Common Words (from vocabulary)
339
 
340
  | Rank | Word | Frequency |
341
  |------|------|-----------|
342
+ | 1 | menteith | 2 |
343
+ | 2 | marischal | 2 |
344
+ | 3 | dupplin | 2 |
345
+ | 4 | malakula | 2 |
346
+ | 5 | ambrym | 2 |
347
+ | 6 | malekula | 2 |
348
+ | 7 | biili | 2 |
349
+ | 8 | chaira | 2 |
350
+ | 9 | juŋ | 2 |
351
+ | 10 | surim | 2 |
352
 
353
  ### Zipf's Law Analysis
354
 
355
  | Metric | Value |
356
  |--------|-------|
357
+ | Zipf Coefficient | 1.0503 |
358
+ | R² (Goodness of Fit) | 0.994826 |
359
  | Adherence Quality | **excellent** |
360
 
361
  ### Coverage Analysis
362
 
363
  | Top N Words | Coverage |
364
  |-------------|----------|
365
+ | Top 100 | 31.5% |
366
+ | Top 1,000 | 58.6% |
367
+ | Top 5,000 | 77.5% |
368
+ | Top 10,000 | 84.5% |
369
 
370
  ### Key Findings
371
 
372
+ - **Zipf Compliance:** R²=0.9948 indicates excellent adherence to Zipf's law
373
+ - **High Frequency Dominance:** Top 100 words cover 31.5% of corpus
374
+ - **Long Tail:** 121,668 words needed for remaining 15.5% coverage
375
 
376
  ---
377
  ## 5. Word Embeddings Evaluation
 
384
 
385
  ![t-SNE Sentences](visualizations/tsne_sentences.png)
386
 
 
387
 
388
+ ### 5.1 Cross-Lingual Alignment
389
+
390
+ > *Note: Multilingual alignment visualization not available for this language.*
391
+
392
+
393
+ ### 5.2 Model Comparison
394
+
395
+ | Model | Dimension | Isotropy | Semantic Density | Alignment R@1 | Alignment R@10 |
396
+ |-------|-----------|----------|------------------|---------------|----------------|
397
+ | **mono_32d** | 32 | 0.7977 | 0.3405 | N/A | N/A |
398
+ | **mono_64d** | 64 | 0.8086 | 0.2759 | N/A | N/A |
399
+ | **mono_128d** | 128 | 0.8190 🏆 | 0.2136 | N/A | N/A |
400
 
401
  ### Key Findings
402
 
403
+ - **Best Isotropy:** mono_128d with 0.8190 (more uniform distribution)
404
+ - **Semantic Density:** Average pairwise similarity of 0.2767. Lower values indicate better semantic separation.
405
+ - **Alignment Quality:** No aligned models evaluated in this run.
406
+ - **Recommendation:** 128d aligned for best cross-lingual performance
407
 
408
  ---
409
+ ## 6. Morphological Analysis (Experimental)
410
+
411
+ > ⚠️ **Warning:** This language shows low morphological productivity. The statistical signals used for this analysis may be noisy or less reliable than for morphologically rich languages.
412
+
413
+ This section presents an automated morphological analysis derived from the statistical divergence between word-level and subword-level models. By analyzing where subword predictability spikes and where word-level coverage fails, we can infer linguistic structures without supervised data.
414
+
415
+ ### 6.1 Productivity & Complexity
416
+
417
+ | Metric | Value | Interpretation | Recommendation |
418
+ |--------|-------|----------------|----------------|
419
+ | Productivity Index | **0.000** | Low morphological productivity | ⚠️ Likely unreliable |
420
+ | Idiomaticity Gap | **-1.000** | Low formulaic content | - |
421
+
422
+ ### 6.2 Affix Inventory (Productive Units)
423
+
424
+ These are the most productive prefixes and suffixes identified by sampling the vocabulary for global substitutability patterns. A unit is considered an affix if stripping it leaves a valid stem that appears in other contexts.
425
+
426
+ #### Productive Prefixes
427
+ | Prefix | Examples |
428
+ |--------|----------|
429
+ | `-ma` | maresca, malaquais, maehara |
430
+
431
+ #### Productive Suffixes
432
+ | Suffix | Examples |
433
+ |--------|----------|
434
+ | `-er` | abaranger, bridgwater, alencier |
435
+ | `-an` | seyitan, weitman, eghan |
436
+ | `-ed` | crowned, programmed, loosed |
437
+ | `-ng` | rongguang, invading, watling |
438
+ | `-on` | ferguson, kongaction, turgeon |
439
+
440
+ ### 6.3 Bound Stems (Lexical Roots)
441
+
442
+ Bound stems are high-frequency subword units that are semantically cohesive but rarely appear as standalone words. These often correspond to the 'core' of a word that requires inflection or derivation to be valid.
443
+
444
+ | Stem | Cohesion | Substitutability | Examples |
445
+ |------|----------|------------------|----------|
446
+ | `ihir` | 2.44x | 42 contexts | vihir, vihiri, lihira |
447
+ | `ison` | 2.20x | 60 contexts | sison, bison, isong |
448
+ | `uuni` | 2.39x | 37 contexts | tuuni, nuuni, guuni |
449
+ | `nter` | 1.87x | 69 contexts | unter, enter, inter |
450
+ | `ctor` | 1.94x | 43 contexts | actor, actors, actora |
451
+ | `riso` | 2.31x | 23 contexts | prison, bɔriso, arison |
452
+ | `reen` | 1.99x | 37 contexts | green, breen, reena |
453
+ | `atio` | 1.84x | 46 contexts | patio, ation, ratio |
454
+ | `tern` | 1.80x | 48 contexts | terna, stern, terns |
455
+ | `ture` | 1.74x | 54 contexts | cuture, mature, nature |
456
+ | `rect` | 2.18x | 23 contexts | recta, recto, direct |
457
+ | `awar` | 1.86x | 40 contexts | aware, pawar, yawar |
458
+
459
+ ### 6.4 Affix Compatibility (Co-occurrence)
460
+
461
+ This table shows which prefixes and suffixes most frequently co-occur on the same stems, revealing the 'stacking' rules of the language's morphology.
462
+
463
+ | Prefix | Suffix | Frequency | Examples |
464
+ |--------|--------|-----------|----------|
465
+ | `-ma` | `-ng` | 4 words | managing, mating |
466
+ | `-ma` | `-ed` | 3 words | maherunited, manhandled |
467
+ | `-ma` | `-on` | 2 words | manon, mathison |
468
+ | `-ma` | `-an` | 2 words | magpakailanman, marjan |
469
+ | `-ma` | `-er` | 1 words | manger, mater |
470
+
471
+ ### 6.5 Recursive Morpheme Segmentation
472
+
473
+ Using **Recursive Hierarchical Substitutability**, we decompose complex words into their constituent morphemes. This approach handles nested affixes (e.g., `prefix-prefix-root-suffix`).
474
+
475
+ | Word | Suggested Split | Confidence | Stem |
476
+ |------|-----------------|------------|------|
477
+ | kambangan | **`kamba-ng-an`** | 6.0 | `kamba` |
478
+ | illumination | **`illuminati-on`** | 4.5 | `illuminati` |
479
+ | parenting | **`parenti-ng`** | 4.5 | `parenti` |
480
+ | gregorian | **`gregori-an`** | 4.5 | `gregori` |
481
+ | transkeian | **`transkei-an`** | 4.5 | `transkei` |
482
+ | sheltered | **`shelt-er-ed`** | 3.0 | `shelt` |
483
+ | abandoned | **`aband-on-ed`** | 3.0 | `aband` |
484
+ | mannheimer | **`ma-nnheim-er`** | 3.0 | `nnheim` |
485
+ | malnutrition | **`ma-lnutriti-on`** | 3.0 | `lnutriti` |
486
+ | homemaker | **`homemak-er`** | 1.5 | `homemak` |
487
+ | swintonunited | **`swintonunit-ed`** | 1.5 | `swintonunit` |
488
+ | xiaoxiang | **`xiaoxia-ng`** | 1.5 | `xiaoxia` |
489
+ | venneraunited | **`venneraunit-ed`** | 1.5 | `venneraunit` |
490
+ | grantunited | **`grantunit-ed`** | 1.5 | `grantunit` |
491
+ | substation | **`substati-on`** | 1.5 | `substati` |
492
+
493
+ ### 6.6 Linguistic Interpretation
494
+
495
+ > **Automated Insight:**
496
+ The language DAG appears to be more isolating or has a highly fixed vocabulary. Word-level models perform nearly as well as subword models, indicating fewer productive morphological processes.
497
+
498
+ ---
499
+ ## 7. Summary & Recommendations
500
 
501
  ![Performance Dashboard](visualizations/performance_dashboard.png)
502
 
 
504
 
505
  | Component | Recommended | Rationale |
506
  |-----------|-------------|-----------|
507
+ | Tokenizer | **64k BPE** | Best compression (3.80x) |
508
+ | N-gram | **2-gram** | Lowest perplexity (338) |
509
+ | Markov | **Context-4** | Highest predictability (94.6%) |
510
  | Embeddings | **100d** | Balanced semantic capture and isotropy |
511
 
512
+
513
  ---
514
  ## Appendix: Metrics Glossary & Interpretation Guide
515
 
 
699
  author = {Kamali, Omar},
700
  title = {Wikilangs: Open NLP Models for Wikipedia Languages},
701
  year = {2025},
702
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.18073153},
703
+ publisher = {Zenodo},
704
  url = {https://huggingface.co/wikilangs}
705
  institution = {Omneity Labs}
706
  }
 
716
  - 🤗 Models: [huggingface.co/wikilangs](https://huggingface.co/wikilangs)
717
  - 📊 Data: [wikipedia-monthly](https://huggingface.co/datasets/omarkamali/wikipedia-monthly)
718
  - 👤 Author: [Omar Kamali](https://huggingface.co/omarkamali)
719
+ - 🤝 Sponsor: [Featherless AI](https://featherless.ai)
720
  ---
721
  *Generated by Wikilangs Models Pipeline*
722
 
723
+ *Report Date: 2026-01-03 11:48:18*
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visualizations/markov_branching.png CHANGED
visualizations/markov_contexts.png CHANGED