text,drug,effect,indexes
We present two children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who developed leukoencephalopathy following administration of a combination of intravenous ara = C and methotrexate during the consolidation phase of chemotherapy.,ara = C,leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [154]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [89]}}"
We present two children with acute lymphocytic leukemia who developed leukoencephalopathy following administration of a combination of intravenous ara = C and methotrexate during the consolidation phase of chemotherapy.,methotrexate,leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [171]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [89]}}"
Dexamethasone treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) with or without persistent administration of the drug.,amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"Treatment of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) with thionamide, lithium or radioactive iodine is ineffective.",amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [23]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Acute myelogenous leukemia in patients receiving chlorambucil as long-term adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer.,chlorambucil,Acute myelogenous leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"After the chlorambucil was discontinued, the wbc count began to slowly rise and the patient developed clinical AML.",chlorambucil,AML,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Panic anxiety after abrupt discontinuation of mianserin.,mianserin,Panic anxiety,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
"This panic anxiety was not relieved by taking etizolam and flunitrazepam again, but subsided rapidly by the re-administration of mianserin 30 mg/day, and because of that the depressive symptom also disappeared.",mianserin,panic anxiety,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [138]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Prior neurologic illness and the syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity (SILENT).,lithium,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [91]}}"
Prior neurologic illness or CNS insult of any kind is known to increase the vulnerability to neurotoxicity of lithium.,lithium,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [106]}}"
The authors describe a patient with hemiparesis who developed the syndrome of irreversible lithium-effectuated neurotoxicity (SILENT) while being treated with lithium for a manic episode.,lithium,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91, 159], 'end_char': [98, 166]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [124]}}"
"Abrupt, accidental withdrawal of trihexyphenidyl triggered severe exacerbation of the cranial dystonia associated with inspiratory stridor and acute respiratory difficulties, prompting emergency admission.",trihexyphenidyl,acute respiratory difficulties,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [173]}}"
"Abrupt, accidental withdrawal of trihexyphenidyl triggered severe exacerbation of the cranial dystonia associated with inspiratory stridor and acute respiratory difficulties, prompting emergency admission.",trihexyphenidyl,cranial dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"Abrupt, accidental withdrawal of trihexyphenidyl triggered severe exacerbation of the cranial dystonia associated with inspiratory stridor and acute respiratory difficulties, prompting emergency admission.",trihexyphenidyl,inspiratory stridor,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [138]}}"
Life-threatening cranial dystonia following trihexyphenidyl withdrawal.,trihexyphenidyl,cranial dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [33]}}"
MR findings in methotrexate-induced CNS abnormalities.,methotrexate,CNS abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [27]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"Administration of intrathecal Ara-C in the same dose over longer intervals within 3-5 days between consecutive doses resulted in mild, transient neurological symptoms (paresthesias) in only one of 30 patients so treated.",Ara-C,paresthesias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [180]}}"
Paraplegia following intrathecal cytosine arabinoside.,cytosine arabinoside,Paraplegia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}}"
Paraplegia following prophylactic intrathecal cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is described in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission who received doses of 100 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days.,Ara-C,Paraplegia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}}"
Paraplegia following prophylactic intrathecal cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is described in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission who received doses of 100 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days.,cytosine arabinoside,Paraplegia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}}"
"Both patients developed hypoadrenalism while on o,p'-DDD and apparently adequate dexamethasone replacement therapy.","o,p'-DDD",hypoadrenalism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Alprazolam-induced mania: two clinical cases.,Alprazolam,mania,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [24]}}"
The authors caution that treatment with alprazolam may be complicated by the induction of mania.,alprazolam,mania,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [95]}}"
Two patients treated with alprazolam had histories suggestive of a bipolar disorder and developed lithium-responsive manic episodes.,alprazolam,manic episodes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [131]}}"
A case is presented in which a 68-year-old man became delirious after being withdrawn from a low dosage of alprazolam.,alprazolam,delirious,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [63]}}"
Alprazolam withdrawal delirium unresponsive to diazepam: case report.,Alprazolam,delirium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Sulfasalazine has been associated with bronchopulmonary complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults.,Sulfasalazine,bronchopulmonary complications of inflammatory bowel disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [99]}}"
Sulfasalazine has been associated with bronchopulmonary complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in adults.,Sulfasalazine,IBD,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [104]}}"
We discuss a variety of bronchopulmonary complications of IBD and their association with sulfasalazine.,sulfasalazine,IBD,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [61]}}"
Administration of amantadine was associated with psychotic decompensations in two schizophrenic patients being maintained on concomitant neuroleptic medication.,amantadine,psychotic decompensations,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [74]}}"
"Despite a postulated dopaminergic mechanism, there seems to have been only one previous report of amantadine's precipitating psychosis in a schizophrenic patient.",amantadine,precipitating psychosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [134]}}"
Exacerbation of schizophrenia associated with amantadine.,amantadine,schizophrenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [29]}}"
"Soon after its introduction in 1952, chlorpromazine was noted to induce symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease.",chlorpromazine,symptoms resembling Parkinson's disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"It is suggested that the patient had sulfasalazine-induced lupus, which manifested with serositis and pulmonary parenchymal involvement in the absence of joint symptoms.",sulfasalazine,lupus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"It is suggested that the patient had sulfasalazine-induced lupus, which manifested with serositis and pulmonary parenchymal involvement in the absence of joint symptoms.",sulfasalazine,pulmonary parenchymal involvement,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [135]}}"
"It is suggested that the patient had sulfasalazine-induced lupus, which manifested with serositis and pulmonary parenchymal involvement in the absence of joint symptoms.",sulfasalazine,serositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [97]}}"
Physicians who use sulfasalazine to treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease should be aware of the signs of sulfasalazine-induced lupus syndrome.,sulfasalazine,lupus syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 115], 'end_char': [32, 128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [151]}}"
"Pneumonitis, bilateral pleural effusions, echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade, and positive autoantibodies developed in a 43-year-old man, who was receiving long-term sulfasalazine therapy for chronic ulcerative colitis.",sulfasalazine,bilateral pleural effusions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [192]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"Pneumonitis, bilateral pleural effusions, echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade, and positive autoantibodies developed in a 43-year-old man, who was receiving long-term sulfasalazine therapy for chronic ulcerative colitis.",sulfasalazine,cardiac tamponade,"{'drug': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [192]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [89]}}"
"Pneumonitis, bilateral pleural effusions, echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade, and positive autoantibodies developed in a 43-year-old man, who was receiving long-term sulfasalazine therapy for chronic ulcerative colitis.",sulfasalazine,Pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [192]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
"Pneumonitis, bilateral pleural effusions, echocardiographic evidence of cardiac tamponade, and positive autoantibodies developed in a 43-year-old man, who was receiving long-term sulfasalazine therapy for chronic ulcerative colitis.",sulfasalazine,positive autoantibodies,"{'drug': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [192]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [118]}}"
Sulfasalazine-induced lupus erythematosus.,Sulfasalazine,lupus erythematosus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Acute myocardial infarction due to coronary spasm associated with L-thyroxine therapy.,L-thyroxine,Acute myocardial infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Acute myocardial infarction due to coronary spasm associated with L-thyroxine therapy.,L-thyroxine,coronary spasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Electrocardiographic findings and laboratory data indicated a diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction due to the L-thyroxine therapy.,L-thyroxine,acute myocardial infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"We believe this is the first report of myocardial infarction due to coronary spasm, demonstrated by angiography associated with L-thyroxine therapy.",L-thyroxine,coronary spasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [82]}}"
"We believe this is the first report of myocardial infarction due to coronary spasm, demonstrated by angiography associated with L-thyroxine therapy.",L-thyroxine,myocardial infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"A study of in vitro reactivity to L-T4, as assessed by peripheral blood lymphocyte transformation, was carried out in a patient with Hashimoto's disease who developed leukopenia during treatment with L-T4.",L-T4,leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34, 200], 'end_char': [38, 204]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [167], 'end_char': [177]}}"
L-Thyroxine-induced leukopenia in a patient with Hashimoto's disease: involvement of suppressor-cytotoxic T cells.,L-Thyroxine,leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Ampicillin-induced interstitial nephritis with generalised exfoliative dermatitis.,Ampicillin,generalised exfoliative dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [81]}}"
Ampicillin-induced interstitial nephritis with generalised exfoliative dermatitis.,Ampicillin,interstitial nephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"However, there are few reports in the literature of ampicillin as a cause of acute interstitial nephritis.",ampicillin,acute interstitial nephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"In the following case report, a patient developed acute interstitial nephritis with renal failure and exfoliative dermatitis following ampicillin therapy.",ampicillin,acute interstitial nephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"In the following case report, a patient developed acute interstitial nephritis with renal failure and exfoliative dermatitis following ampicillin therapy.",ampicillin,exfoliative dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [124]}}"
"In the following case report, a patient developed acute interstitial nephritis with renal failure and exfoliative dermatitis following ampicillin therapy.",ampicillin,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [97]}}"
"The diagnosis was based on the rapid onset of renal failure, presence of eosinophilia, skin rash, and characteristic renal biopsy finding, following the administration of ampicillin.",ampicillin,eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"The diagnosis was based on the rapid onset of renal failure, presence of eosinophilia, skin rash, and characteristic renal biopsy finding, following the administration of ampicillin.",ampicillin,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [59]}}"
"The diagnosis was based on the rapid onset of renal failure, presence of eosinophilia, skin rash, and characteristic renal biopsy finding, following the administration of ampicillin.",ampicillin,skin rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [96]}}"
"A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.",vancomycin,erythema of the cartilage of both ears,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [174]}}"
"A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.",vancomycin,hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [204], 'end_char': [242]}}"
"A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.",vancomycin,lupus-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.",vancomycin,malar rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [125]}}"
"A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.",vancomycin,pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [131]}}"
"A patient receiving vancomycin for a serious staphylococcal infection had a lupus-like syndrome characterized by a malar rash, pain and erythema of the cartilage of both ears, and tender erythematous and hemorrhagic lesions of the finger tips.",vancomycin,tender erythematous,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [180], 'end_char': [199]}}"
The possible development of a drug-induced vasculitis or lupus-like syndrome should be added to the list of rare toxic effects of vancomycin.,vancomycin,lupus-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [140]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [76]}}"
The possible development of a drug-induced vasculitis or lupus-like syndrome should be added to the list of rare toxic effects of vancomycin.,vancomycin,vasculitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [140]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Vancomycin-induced vasculitis.,Vancomycin,vasculitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Abnormal retinal function associated with isotretinoin therapy for acne.,isotretinoin,Abnormal retinal function,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
Three of 50 patients treated with isotretinoin (1 mg/kg/day) for cystic acne complained of poor night vision and/or excessive glare sensitivity.,isotretinoin,excessive glare sensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [143]}}"
Three of 50 patients treated with isotretinoin (1 mg/kg/day) for cystic acne complained of poor night vision and/or excessive glare sensitivity.,isotretinoin,poor night vision,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [108]}}"
Neurologic toxicity associated with hepatic artery infusion HAI of FUdR.,FUdR,Neurologic toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Ethambutol is frequently used in the treatment of tuberculosis, and, although optic neuropathies have been reported with the use of ethambutol, this adverse side effect has been considered to be rare and generally reversible with discontinuation of the medication.",Ethambutol,optic neuropathies,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [96]}}"
"However, we recently saw two patients with renal tuberculosis treated with ethambutol in whom visual loss from toxic optic neuropathies was severe and irreversible despite careful ophthalmological monitoring and prompt discontinuation of the agent at the first sign of impaired visual function.",ethambutol,toxic optic neuropathies,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [135]}}"
"However, we recently saw two patients with renal tuberculosis treated with ethambutol in whom visual loss from toxic optic neuropathies was severe and irreversible despite careful ophthalmological monitoring and prompt discontinuation of the agent at the first sign of impaired visual function.",ethambutol,visual loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [105]}}"
Optic neuropathy in ethambutol-treated renal tuberculosis.,ethambutol,Optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
"Since ethambutol is actively excreted via the renal system, compromise of renal function such as due to renal tuberculosis may lead to serum concentration elevations of ethambutol sufficient to produce optic neuropathy.",ethambutol,optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6, 169], 'end_char': [16, 179]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [202], 'end_char': [218]}}"
"A 57-year-old woman presented with a 3-week history of dysphagia for solids, 6 months after starting treatment with nifedipine.",nifedipine,dysphagia for solids,"{'drug': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [75]}}"
Gastro-oesophageal reflux associated with nifedipine.,nifedipine,Gastro-oesophageal reflux,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"Nifedipine may induce, or aggravate, pre-existing, gastro-oesophageal reflux.",Nifedipine,gastro-oesophageal reflux,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [76]}}"
A young diamond dealer developed visual impairment attributed to bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts following only four courses of intermittent Decadron used as part of a five-drug antiemetic regimen for cisplatin-associated nausea.,Decadron,bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts,"{'drug': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [159]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [106]}}"
A young diamond dealer developed visual impairment attributed to bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts following only four courses of intermittent Decadron used as part of a five-drug antiemetic regimen for cisplatin-associated nausea.,cisplatin,nausea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [211], 'end_char': [220]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [232], 'end_char': [238]}}"
A young diamond dealer developed visual impairment attributed to bilateral posterior subcapsular cataracts following only four courses of intermittent Decadron used as part of a five-drug antiemetic regimen for cisplatin-associated nausea.,Decadron,visual impairment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [159]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [50]}}"
Cataracts induced by intermittent Decadron used as an antiemetic.,Decadron,Cataracts,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
"Recent reports have shown that Decadron (dexamethasone; Merck Sharp & Dohme, West Point, Pa) has a significant antiemetic effect on cisplatin-induced vomiting.",cisplatin,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [158]}}"
Transient phenytoin induced IgA deficiency and permanent IgE increase.,phenytoin,IgA deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [42]}}"
Transient phenytoin induced IgA deficiency and permanent IgE increase.,phenytoin,IgE increase,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [69]}}"
The pharmacology and toxicology of chloral hydrate are discussed with particular reference to the cardiac arrhythmias that are seen with overdosage.,chloral hydrate,cardiac arrhythmias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [117]}}"
Adrenaline dacryolith: detection by ultrasound examination of the nasolacrimal duct.,Adrenaline,dacryolith,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [21]}}"
Histological examination of the dacryolith suggested its derivation from breakdown products of adrenaline.,adrenaline,dacryolith,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [42]}}"
Possible pathophysiological mechanisms which may have been operative in this case include: a direct central nervous system (CNS) toxic effect of valproic acid; a paradoxical epileptogenic effect secondary to the drug; and an indirect CNS toxic effect mediated through valproic acid-induced hyperammonemia.,valproic acid,hyperammonemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [145, 268], 'end_char': [158, 281]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [290], 'end_char': [304]}}"
Reversible valproic acid-induced dementia: a case report.,valproic acid,dementia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Reversible valproic acid-induced dementia was documented in a 21-year-old man with epilepsy who had a 3-year history of insidious progressive decline in global cognitive abilities documented by serial neuropsychological studies.,valproic acid,dementia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Co-trimoxazole red cell aplasia in leukaemia.,Co-trimoxazole,red cell aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [31]}}"
When co-trimoxazole was stopped the red cell aplasia resolved.,co-trimoxazole,red cell aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [52]}}"
A patient developed optic neuropathy while being treated with isoniazid and ethambutol.,ethambutol,optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [36]}}"
A patient developed optic neuropathy while being treated with isoniazid and ethambutol.,isoniazid,optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"A well-recognized complication of ethambutol use is optic neuropathy, but the potential ocular toxicity of isoniazid is often overlooked.",isoniazid,ocular toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"A well-recognized complication of ethambutol use is optic neuropathy, but the potential ocular toxicity of isoniazid is often overlooked.",ethambutol,optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Isoniazid and ethambutol as a cause of optic neuropathy.,ethambutol,optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [55]}}"
Isoniazid and ethambutol as a cause of optic neuropathy.,Isoniazid,optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"A woman 38-year-old, suffering for about ten years from multiple sclerosis and treated with repeated therapy cycles of intrathecal Depo-Medrol, developed a spastic paraparesis at the lower limbs.",Depo-Medrol,spastic paraparesis at the lower limbs,"{'drug': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [156], 'end_char': [194]}}"
Calcification and ossification of the spinal arachnoid after intrathecal administration of Depo-Medrol.,Depo-Medrol,Calcification,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
Calcification and ossification of the spinal arachnoid after intrathecal administration of Depo-Medrol.,Depo-Medrol,ossification of the spinal arachnoid,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [54]}}"
A young woman with epilepsy had tonic-clonic seizures during antineoplastic therapy with adriamycin and cisplatin.,adriamycin,tonic-clonic seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [53]}}"
A young woman with epilepsy had tonic-clonic seizures during antineoplastic therapy with adriamycin and cisplatin.,cisplatin,tonic-clonic seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Hyperkalemia as a late side effect of prolonged adrenocorticotropic hormone therapy for infantile spasms.,adrenocorticotropic hormone,Hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Two infants developed hyperkalemia shortly after cessation of prolonged ACTH therapy for infantile spasms.,ACTH,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [34]}}"
We wish to call for cautious approach at time of cessation of prolonged ACTH therapy because of possible unexpected and only partially understood hazardous side effects such as hyperkalemia.,ACTH,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [189]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,acute renal impairment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [281], 'end_char': [303]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,acute renal impairment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [281], 'end_char': [303]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,hyperkalaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [185], 'end_char': [198]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,hyperkalaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [185], 'end_char': [198]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,hyperphosphataemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [203], 'end_char': [221]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,hyperphosphataemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [203], 'end_char': [221]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,hyper-uricaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [183]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,hyper-uricaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [183]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,hypocalcaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [227], 'end_char': [240]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,hypocalcaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [227], 'end_char': [240]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [258], 'end_char': [276]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [258], 'end_char': [276]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,phosphate shower syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [165]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,phosphate shower syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [165]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",folinic acid,tetany,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [245], 'end_char': [251]}}"
"Three patients, in whom tumour overkill by cytotoxic treatment, including high dose methotrexate with folinic acid rescue, resulted in the 'phosphate shower syndrome' (hyper-uricaemia, hyperkalaemia and hyperphosphataemia with hypocalcaemia and tetany, with metabolic acidosis and acute renal impairment) are described.",methotrexate,tetany,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [245], 'end_char': [251]}}"
"Accordingly, camptocormia is a dose-dependent side effect of valproate.",valproate,camptocormia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"A mentally retarded 23-year-old woman with myoclonic astatic epilepsy developed an abnormal posture of extreme forward flexion, called camptocormia, during valproate monotherapy.",valproate,abnormal posture of extreme forward flexion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [156], 'end_char': [165]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [126]}}"
"A mentally retarded 23-year-old woman with myoclonic astatic epilepsy developed an abnormal posture of extreme forward flexion, called camptocormia, during valproate monotherapy.",valproate,camptocormia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [156], 'end_char': [165]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [147]}}"
"Camptocormia, a new side effect of sodium valproate.",sodium valproate,Camptocormia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Four weeks earlier she had developed hepatopathy during a regimen of carbamazepine, lynestrenol and sodium valproate.",carbamazepine,hepatopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"Four weeks earlier she had developed hepatopathy during a regimen of carbamazepine, lynestrenol and sodium valproate.",lynestrenol,hepatopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"Four weeks earlier she had developed hepatopathy during a regimen of carbamazepine, lynestrenol and sodium valproate.",sodium valproate,hepatopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Hepatopathy subsided after the cessation of carbamazepine and lynestrenol.,carbamazepine,Hepatopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
Hepatopathy subsided after the cessation of carbamazepine and lynestrenol.,lynestrenol,Hepatopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
A 10-year-old girl with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome who received intravenous lorazepam for atypical absence status seizures is reported.,lorazepam,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [119]}}"
Paradoxical precipitation of tonic seizures by lorazepam in a child with atypical absence seizures.,lorazepam,Paradoxical precipitation of tonic seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [43]}}"
Atrial fibrillation following methylprednisolone pulse therapy.,methylprednisolone,Atrial fibrillation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Isotretinoin, a drug used for the treatment of acne, has been shown to have teratogenic effects.",Isotretinoin,teratogenic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [95]}}"
Isotretinoin teratogenicity.,Isotretinoin,teratogenicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [27]}}"
"We report an additional case of isotretinoin teratogenicity in which the patient had agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, multiple leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopias, hydrocephalus, and abnormalities of the corticospinal tracts.",isotretinoin,abnormalities of the corticospinal tracts,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [188], 'end_char': [229]}}"
"We report an additional case of isotretinoin teratogenicity in which the patient had agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, multiple leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopias, hydrocephalus, and abnormalities of the corticospinal tracts.",isotretinoin,agenesis of the cerebellar vermis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [118]}}"
"We report an additional case of isotretinoin teratogenicity in which the patient had agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, multiple leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopias, hydrocephalus, and abnormalities of the corticospinal tracts.",isotretinoin,hydrocephalus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [169], 'end_char': [182]}}"
"We report an additional case of isotretinoin teratogenicity in which the patient had agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, multiple leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopias, hydrocephalus, and abnormalities of the corticospinal tracts.",isotretinoin,multiple leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"We report an additional case of isotretinoin teratogenicity in which the patient had agenesis of the cerebellar vermis, multiple leptomeningeal neuroglial heterotopias, hydrocephalus, and abnormalities of the corticospinal tracts.",isotretinoin,teratogenicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [59]}}"
"A case of allopurinol hypersensitivity, possibly the first in a black African, is reported.",allopurinol,hypersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Allopurinol hypersensitivity.,Allopurinol,hypersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [28]}}"
The allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome is a rare adverse drug reaction.,allopurinol,hypersensitivity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [15]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Bone formation induced in an infant by systemic prostaglandin-E2 administration.,prostaglandin-E2,Bone formation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
A case of severe visual loss following a single dose of vincristine is described.,vincristine,severe visual loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Although differential diagnostic alternatives can be considered in all described cases it is very likely that vincristine does cause severe visual loss in a small number of patients.,vincristine,severe visual loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [151]}}"
Severe visual loss after a single dose of vincristine in a patient with spinal cord astrocytoma.,vincristine,Severe visual loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
The literature of vincristine optic nerve toxicity is reviewed.,vincristine,optic nerve toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [50]}}"
Visual loss after a single small dose of vincristine has never been reported.,vincristine,Visual loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
Niacin causes a reversible toxic cystoid maculopathy that occurs in approximately 0.67% of patients taking high doses of the drug.,Niacin,reversible toxic cystoid maculopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [6]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Niacin maculopathy.,Niacin,maculopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [6]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [18]}}"
The authors conclude that among patients taking high doses of oral niacin only those who experience visual symptoms need to be ophthalmologically evaluated.,niacin,visual symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [115]}}"
"Three patients with niacin-induced visual symptoms had cystoid maculopathy without leakage on fluorescein angiography, and a fourth patient with no fundus abnormality experienced cessation of visual symptoms upon discontinuation of niacin.",niacin,cystoid maculopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20, 232], 'end_char': [26, 238]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [74]}}"
"Three patients with niacin-induced visual symptoms had cystoid maculopathy without leakage on fluorescein angiography, and a fourth patient with no fundus abnormality experienced cessation of visual symptoms upon discontinuation of niacin.",niacin,visual symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20, 232], 'end_char': [26, 238]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35, 192], 'end_char': [50, 207]}}"
"Three patients with niacin-induced visual symptoms had cystoid maculopathy without leakage on fluorescein angiography, and a fourth patient with no fundus abnormality experienced cessation of visual symptoms upon discontinuation of niacin.",niacin,visual symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20, 232], 'end_char': [26, 238]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35, 192], 'end_char': [50, 207]}}"
A case report of the hypersensitivity syndrome occurring in a patient being treated with dapsone for a brown recluse spider bite is presented.,dapsone,hypersensitivity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [46]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [56]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,headache,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,hemolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [123]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [112]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,hypersensitivity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [135]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,lymphadenopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [101]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,mononucleosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [154]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,nausea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [74]}}"
"A dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, consisting of fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, lymphadenopathy, hepatitis, hemolysis, leukopenia, and mononucleosis, has been described in patients treated with the drug for leprosy.",dapsone,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [84]}}"
Case report: dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome associated with treatment of the bite of a brown recluse spider.,dapsone,hypersensitivity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Rifampicin-induced adrenal insufficiency in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment.,Rifampicin,adrenal insufficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"We report the case of a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with rifampicin who had a 'normal' screening test for adrenal insufficiency, yet had clinical evidence of adrenal failure.",rifampicin,adrenal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [205]}}"
"Two cases of widespread cutaneous vasculitis are described in association with diltiazem, a recently introduced calcium antagonist.",diltiazem,cutaneous vasculitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [44]}}"
Widespread cutaneous vasculitis associated with diltiazem.,diltiazem,cutaneous vasculitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Intraventricular nafcillin-induced seizures in a neonate.,nafcillin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [43]}}"
We report a premature infant who developed seizures associated with intraventricular administration of nafcillin and discuss the need for electroencephalographic monitoring of patients receiving intraventricular antibiotics.,nafcillin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [51]}}"
A 58-year old patient is reported who developed an ischaemic cerebrovascular accident 22 hours after successful thrombolysis with streptokinase for life-threatening pulmonary emboli.,streptokinase,ischaemic cerebrovascular accident,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [85]}}"
Thrombo-embolic complication after streptokinase therapy of pulmonary emboli.,streptokinase,Thrombo-embolic complication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Renal hypophosphatemia in this patient was caused by the erroneous intake of 1 g doxycycline.,doxycycline,Renal hypophosphatemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"A clinically atypical, neuropathologically verified case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease is described in a 32-year-old New Zealand woman with idiopathic hypopituitarism who had been treated in late adolescence (1970 to 1973) with human growth hormone processed from pooled cadaveric pituitary glands.",human growth hormone,Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [227], 'end_char': [247]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [85]}}"
A new case of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with human growth hormone therapy in New Zealand.,human growth hormone,Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [39]}}"
A case of a 21-year-old woman who had developed mild hepatotoxicity while receiving choline magnesium trisalicylate therapy is described.,choline magnesium trisalicylate,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Hepatotoxicity associated with choline magnesium trisalicylate: case report and review of salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity.,salicylate,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52, 90], 'end_char': [62, 100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [123]}}"
Hepatotoxicity associated with choline magnesium trisalicylate: case report and review of salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity.,choline magnesium trisalicylate,Hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
Salicylate-induced hepatotoxicity is reviewed.,Salicylate,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [33]}}"
They continued to rise for five more days before salicylate hepatotoxicity was suspected.,salicylate,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [74]}}"
"A 51-yr-old nonsmoking male patient without any history of previous allergies, asthma, hay fever, or urticaria developed attacks of asthma when captopril was added to the nadolol and dyazide treatment for his high blood pressure.",captopril,attacks of asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [138]}}"
"A 51-yr-old nonsmoking male patient without any history of previous allergies, asthma, hay fever, or urticaria developed attacks of asthma when captopril was added to the nadolol and dyazide treatment for his high blood pressure.",dyazide,attacks of asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [183], 'end_char': [190]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [138]}}"
"A 51-yr-old nonsmoking male patient without any history of previous allergies, asthma, hay fever, or urticaria developed attacks of asthma when captopril was added to the nadolol and dyazide treatment for his high blood pressure.",nadolol,attacks of asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [178]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [138]}}"
Captopril-related (and -induced?) asthma.,Captopril,asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [40]}}"
This confirmed the history of captopril-related asthma.,captopril,asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [54]}}"
We also describe a case of timolol-induced ocular pemphigoid.,timolol,ocular pemphigoid,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [60]}}"
Deposits of plasma proteins in the skin during treatment with carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin.,carbamazepine,Deposits of plasma proteins in the skin,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Deposits of plasma proteins in the skin during treatment with carbamazepine and diphenylhydantoin.,diphenylhydantoin,Deposits of plasma proteins in the skin,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [39]}}"
The observations suggest that testicular swelling and pain are side effects of desipramine.,desipramine,pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [58]}}"
The observations suggest that testicular swelling and pain are side effects of desipramine.,desipramine,testicular swelling,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Two patients are described who developed testicular swelling and pain during treatment with desipramine.,desipramine,pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Two patients are described who developed testicular swelling and pain during treatment with desipramine.,desipramine,testicular swelling,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"Benzocaine, an ester-type local anesthetic, was believed responsible for apparent methemoglobinemia in a cat.",Benzocaine,methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [99]}}"
"Benzocaine-induced methemoglobinemia has been reported in man, dogs, and cats.",Benzocaine,methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Methemoglobinemia associated with dermal application of benzocaine cream in a cat.,benzocaine,Methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
A 43-year-old white man developed a shallow erosion of a psoriatic plaque after chronic administration of methotrexate.,methotrexate,erosion of a psoriatic plaque,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [118]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [73]}}"
Erosion of psoriatic plaques after chronic methotrexate administration.,methotrexate,Erosion of psoriatic plaques,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"After a six-week course of low-dose cyclosporine A, she developed a severe but reversible loss of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow despite of low cyclosporine A plasma levels.",cyclosporine A,effective renal plasma flow,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36, 172], 'end_char': [50, 186]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [156]}}"
"After a six-week course of low-dose cyclosporine A, she developed a severe but reversible loss of glomerular filtration rate and effective renal plasma flow despite of low cyclosporine A plasma levels.",cyclosporine A,loss of glomerular filtration rate,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36, 172], 'end_char': [50, 186]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [124]}}"
"Based upon the observed fall of the filtration fraction, the rise in the relative clearance of 99Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and the increase in proteinuria, we suggest that in this case the tubules and/or interstitium are the main targets for cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity.",cyclosporine A,fall of the filtration fraction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [243], 'end_char': [257]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"Based upon the observed fall of the filtration fraction, the rise in the relative clearance of 99Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and the increase in proteinuria, we suggest that in this case the tubules and/or interstitium are the main targets for cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity.",cyclosporine A,increase in proteinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [243], 'end_char': [257]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [155]}}"
"Based upon the observed fall of the filtration fraction, the rise in the relative clearance of 99Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and the increase in proteinuria, we suggest that in this case the tubules and/or interstitium are the main targets for cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity.",cyclosporine A,nephrotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [243], 'end_char': [257]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [258], 'end_char': [272]}}"
"Based upon the observed fall of the filtration fraction, the rise in the relative clearance of 99Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid and the increase in proteinuria, we suggest that in this case the tubules and/or interstitium are the main targets for cyclosporine A nephrotoxicity.",cyclosporine A,rise in the relative clearance of 99Tc-dimercaptosuccinic acid,"{'drug': {'start_char': [243], 'end_char': [257]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [123]}}"
Unexpected severe reversible cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and tubulointerstitial renal disease.,cyclosporine A,nephrotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"A patient is presented with typical hyperthyroidism, who developed a severe proximal muscle weakness and a raised creatine phosphokinase after treatment for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (100 mg orally, three times a day).",propylthiouracil,hyperthyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [194]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36, 157], 'end_char': [51, 172]}}"
"A patient is presented with typical hyperthyroidism, who developed a severe proximal muscle weakness and a raised creatine phosphokinase after treatment for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (100 mg orally, three times a day).",propylthiouracil,raised creatine phosphokinase,"{'drug': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [194]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [136]}}"
"A patient is presented with typical hyperthyroidism, who developed a severe proximal muscle weakness and a raised creatine phosphokinase after treatment for hyperthyroidism with propylthiouracil (100 mg orally, three times a day).",propylthiouracil,severe proximal muscle weakness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [194]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [100]}}"
Polymyositis after propylthiouracil treatment for hyperthyroidism.,propylthiouracil,Polymyositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Cardiopulmonary arrest following intravenous phenytoin loading.,phenytoin,Cardiopulmonary arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Evidence obtained indicated that the Reye-like syndrome might be caused by calcium hopantenate possibly due to the induction of pantothenic acid deficiency.,calcium hopantenate,pantothenic acid deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [155]}}"
Evidence obtained indicated that the Reye-like syndrome might be caused by calcium hopantenate possibly due to the induction of pantothenic acid deficiency.,calcium hopantenate,Reye-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"Reye-like syndrome following treatment with the pantothenic acid antagonist, calcium hopantenate.",calcium hopantenate,Reye-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Three senile patients developed fatal acute encephalopathy while receiving calcium hopantenate.,calcium hopantenate,fatal acute encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [58]}}"
Dyspnea possibly associated with controlled-release morphine sulfate tablets.,morphine sulfate,Dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
Anhedonic ejaculation with desipramine.,desipramine,Anhedonic ejaculation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
We report two patients with anhedonic ejaculation (ejaculation without orgasm) associated with initiation of treatment with desipramine.,desipramine,anhedonic ejaculation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [49]}}"
We report two patients with anhedonic ejaculation (ejaculation without orgasm) associated with initiation of treatment with desipramine.,desipramine,ejaculation without orgasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [77]}}"
Myoclonic spasms following intrathecal morphine.,morphine,Myoclonic spasms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
A case of halothane induced hepatitis is reported in a middle aged woman who underwent gastric surgery for morbid obesity.,halothane,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [37]}}"
Halothane hepatitis and prompt resolution with methionine therapy: case report.,Halothane,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Development of porphyria cutanea tarda after treatment with cyclophosphamide.,cyclophosphamide,porphyria cutanea tarda,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [38]}}"
We report a 46-yr-old woman with ovarian carcinoma who developed porphyria cutanea tarda while undergoing treatment with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide.,cisplatin,porphyria cutanea tarda,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [88]}}"
We report a 46-yr-old woman with ovarian carcinoma who developed porphyria cutanea tarda while undergoing treatment with cisplatin and cyclophosphamide.,cyclophosphamide,porphyria cutanea tarda,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [88]}}"
Acute renal failure in a patient treated by continuous povidone-iodine mediastinal irrigation.,iodine,Acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Acute renal failure in a patient treated by continuous povidone-iodine mediastinal irrigation.,povidone,Acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"We describe a 63 year old woman with a suppurative mediastinitis, treated with continuous PI irrigation who developed an acute oliguric renal failure.",PI,acute oliguric renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [149]}}"
"A 56-year-old woman with scleroderma developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with epithelial crescents associated with hemoptysis after 27 months of D-penicillamine therapy and a cumulative dose of 1,200 g.",D-penicillamine,epithelial crescents,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [173]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"A 56-year-old woman with scleroderma developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with epithelial crescents associated with hemoptysis after 27 months of D-penicillamine therapy and a cumulative dose of 1,200 g.",D-penicillamine,hemoptysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [173]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [138]}}"
"A 56-year-old woman with scleroderma developed rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with epithelial crescents associated with hemoptysis after 27 months of D-penicillamine therapy and a cumulative dose of 1,200 g.",D-penicillamine,rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [173]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [85]}}"
D-penicillamine induced crescentic glomerulonephritis: report and review of the literature.,D-penicillamine,crescentic glomerulonephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [53]}}"
The 9 other reported cases of D-penicillamine induced rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis have been reviewed.,D-penicillamine,rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [92]}}"
Gold-induced pneumonitis is a rare complication of gold salt therapy.,Gold,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Gold-induced pneumonitis.,Gold,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"This case supports the view that in gold-induced pneumonitis a prolonged treatment with corticosteroids may be necessary, as lung function continued to improve.",gold,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"We describe a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with gold salts, who developed bilateral interstitial pulmonary abnormalities and showed a dramatic response on corticosteroid therapy.",gold,bilateral interstitial pulmonary abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [133]}}"
Gold-induced aplastic anemia.,Gold,aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Three patients receiving gold salt treatment for rheumatoid arthritis developed severe aplastic anemia.,gold,aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [102]}}"
Pharmacokinetic determinants of 6-mercaptopurine myelotoxicity and therapeutic failure in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.,6-mercaptopurine,myelotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [62]}}"
"Because the cerebellar toxicity may be worsened by continuation of therapy after initial onset of symptoms, prompt termination of HDARAC is recommended.",HDARAC,cerebellar toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Cytarabine-induced cerebellar syndrome: case report and literature review.,Cytarabine,cerebellar syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [38]}}"
"During the first treatment, dysarthria and ataxia were seen after completion of the patient's eighth and final dose of HDARAC.",HDARAC,ataxia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [49]}}"
"During the first treatment, dysarthria and ataxia were seen after completion of the patient's eighth and final dose of HDARAC.",HDARAC,dysarthria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [38]}}"
The neurotoxicity seen with HDARAC is dose-related and has occurred in up to 60 percent of treated patients.,HDARAC,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [17]}}"
This case report illustrates the neurotoxicity unique to HDARAC.,HDARAC,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Macular infarction after endophthalmitis treated with vitrectomy and intravitreal gentamicin.,gentamicin,Macular infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
We are concerned that the macular lesion was a retinal toxic effect of gentamicin because of the recent description of similar lesions occurring after the inadvertent intraocular injection of massive doses of this drug.,gentamicin,macular lesion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"A woman with a 20-year history of acral pustular psoriasis of Hallopeau and recurrent pustular lesions of the forearms and lower legs, developed a B-cell lymphoma of the lip following 4 1/2 years of treatment with razoxane.",razoxane,B-cell lymphoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [214], 'end_char': [222]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [162]}}"
Extensive immunological investigations were performed in a patient with definite seronegative rheumatoid arthritis who developed hypogammaglobulinemia in the course of gold therapy.,gold,hypogammaglobulinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [172]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [150]}}"
Hypogammaglobulinemia associated with gold therapy: evidence for a partial maturation blockade of B cells.,gold,Hypogammaglobulinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
Transient leucopenia and thrombocytopenia associated with sodium nitroprusside infusion.,sodium nitroprusside,leucopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Transient leucopenia and thrombocytopenia associated with sodium nitroprusside infusion.,sodium nitroprusside,thrombocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Herpes simplex esophagitis in a renal transplant patient treated with cyclosporine A: a case report.,cyclosporine A,Herpes simplex esophagitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
We report the first case of herpes esophagitis in a renal transplant patient treated with Cyclosporine A while on chronic steroid therapy.,Cyclosporine A,herpes esophagitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [46]}}"
"With the increasing use of Cyclosporine A in transplant patients, the incidence of herpes esophagitis may increase.",Cyclosporine A,herpes esophagitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [101]}}"
"Administration of excessive insulin induced hypoglycemia within 4 to 8 hours, followed by rebound hyperglycemia.",insulin,hypoglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [56]}}"
"Administration of excessive insulin induced hypoglycemia within 4 to 8 hours, followed by rebound hyperglycemia.",insulin,rebound hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [111]}}"
Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (rebound hyperglycemia) after overdosing of insulin was diagnosed in 6 cats with diabetes mellitus.,insulin,Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Posthypoglycemic hyperglycemia (rebound hyperglycemia) after overdosing of insulin was diagnosed in 6 cats with diabetes mellitus.,insulin,rebound hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Rebound hyperglycemia following overdosing of insulin in cats with diabetes mellitus.,insulin,hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [8], 'end_char': [21]}}"
"Rebound hyperglycemia was observed with both intermediate (neutral protamine hagedorn) and long-acting (protamine zinc iletin) insulins, and the range of insulin doses at which the disorder developed overlapped previously determined therapeutic doses for these insulins in the cat.",protamine hagedorn,Rebound hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
"Rebound hyperglycemia was observed with both intermediate (neutral protamine hagedorn) and long-acting (protamine zinc iletin) insulins, and the range of insulin doses at which the disorder developed overlapped previously determined therapeutic doses for these insulins in the cat.",protamine zinc iletin,Rebound hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
Captopril-induced lichen planus pemphigoides with pemphigus-like features.,Captopril,lichen planus pemphigoides,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [44]}}"
We report a case of a bullous lichenoid eruption due to the intake of captopril.,captopril,bullous lichenoid eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"An 8-year-old girl, who had been vaccinated with BCG without subsequent regional reactions, developed osteomyelitis in the left calcaneus 7 months later.",BCG,osteomyelitis in the left calcaneus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [137]}}"
Metastatic osteomyelitis following BCG vaccination.,BCG,Metastatic osteomyelitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
One of the subjects who was using extemporaneous topical minoxidil had hypertension and arteriosclerotic disease and the other died of a myocardial infarction.,minoxidil,arteriosclerotic disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [112]}}"
One of the subjects who was using extemporaneous topical minoxidil had hypertension and arteriosclerotic disease and the other died of a myocardial infarction.,minoxidil,hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [83]}}"
One of the subjects who was using extemporaneous topical minoxidil had hypertension and arteriosclerotic disease and the other died of a myocardial infarction.,minoxidil,myocardial infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [158]}}"
Amoxapine-induced cognitive impairment in two patients.,Amoxapine,cognitive impairment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Two patients are described in whom subtle cognitive impairments are associated with therapeutic doses of amoxapine.,amoxapine,cognitive impairments,"{'drug': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [63]}}"
A 23-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus had a severe hypersensitivity reaction to the drug ibuprofen.,ibuprofen,severe hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [92]}}"
Severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction to ibuprofen occurring after prolonged therapy.,ibuprofen,Severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"A brief review of reported cases of chloramphenicol hypersensitivity in the English-language literature, as well as possible alternative explanations in this case, are provided.",chloramphenicol,hypersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Hypersensitivity reaction following chloramphenicol administration in a patient with typhoid fever.,chloramphenicol,Hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
Hypersensitivity reactions due to chloramphenicol are rarely reported in the literature.,chloramphenicol,Hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
We present a case report of a patient with typhoid fever who experienced a hypersensitivity reaction subsequent to the infusion of chloramphenicol sodium succinate.,chloramphenicol sodium succinate,hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [100]}}"
"Replicate brain magnetic resonance imaging examinations after six weeks and 11 months of penicillamine therapy documented the development of new brain lesions during this period, while liver biopsy specimen data disclosed that excellent hepatic decoppering had occurred.",penicillamine,brain lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"To develop information on the relative rarity or frequency of neurologic worsening with the initiation of penicillamine therapy, we conducted a retrospective survey of 25 additional patients with Wilson's disease who met the criteria of presenting with neurologic disease and having been treated with penicillamine.",penicillamine,neurologic disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106, 301], 'end_char': [119, 314]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [253], 'end_char': [271]}}"
"To develop information on the relative rarity or frequency of neurologic worsening with the initiation of penicillamine therapy, we conducted a retrospective survey of 25 additional patients with Wilson's disease who met the criteria of presenting with neurologic disease and having been treated with penicillamine.",penicillamine,neurologic worsening,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106, 301], 'end_char': [119, 314]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [82]}}"
"We describe a patient with Wilson's disease who presented with neurologic disease, was treated with D-penicillamine, and suffered sudden neurologic deterioration coincident with therapy.",D-penicillamine,neurologic deterioration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [161]}}"
Worsening of neurologic syndrome in patients with Wilson's disease with initial penicillamine therapy.,penicillamine,Worsening of neurologic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Other upper tract neoplasms after cyclophosphamide are reviewed.,cyclophosphamide,upper tract neoplasms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Upper tract urothelial malignancy after cyclophosphamide therapy: a case report and literature review.,cyclophosphamide,Upper tract urothelial malignancy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [33]}}"
We report an unusual case of simultaneous transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and distal ureter without transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder occurring after chronic cyclophosphamide therapy for nonHodgkin's lymphoma.,cyclophosphamide,distal ureter without transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [183], 'end_char': [199]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [158]}}"
We report an unusual case of simultaneous transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and distal ureter without transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder occurring after chronic cyclophosphamide therapy for nonHodgkin's lymphoma.,cyclophosphamide,transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [183], 'end_char': [199]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [89]}}"
Progressive pulmonary fibrosis complicating cyclophosphamide therapy.,cyclophosphamide,Progressive pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
The changes were progressive regardless of discontinuation of cyclophosphamide and led to severe restrictive ventilatory defect.,cyclophosphamide,severe restrictive ventilatory defect,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [127]}}"
Torsade de pointes during loading with amiodarone.,amiodarone,Torsade de pointes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Torsade de pointes represents a potential complication of chronic amiodarone therapy.,amiodarone,Torsade de pointes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
We report a case of torsade de pointes following a single oral dose of amiodarone (1400 mg or 30 mg kg-1) administered after short intravenous loading for prevention of paroxysmal atrial flutter.,amiodarone,torsade de pointes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Pulmonary edema as a delayed complication of ritodrine therapy.,ritodrine,Pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
Pulmonary edema occurred 24 hours after intravenous ritodrine therapy and 10 hours after subcutaneous terbutaline therapy.,ritodrine,Pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
Pulmonary edema occurred 24 hours after intravenous ritodrine therapy and 10 hours after subcutaneous terbutaline therapy.,terbutaline,Pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
"Cyclosporin side effects included hirsutism, hypertension, increased blood levels of urea and creatinine, and abnormalities in liver function tests.",Cyclosporin,abnormalities in liver function tests,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [147]}}"
"Cyclosporin side effects included hirsutism, hypertension, increased blood levels of urea and creatinine, and abnormalities in liver function tests.",Cyclosporin,hirsutism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [43]}}"
"Cyclosporin side effects included hirsutism, hypertension, increased blood levels of urea and creatinine, and abnormalities in liver function tests.",Cyclosporin,hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [57]}}"
"Cyclosporin side effects included hirsutism, hypertension, increased blood levels of urea and creatinine, and abnormalities in liver function tests.",Cyclosporin,increased blood levels of urea and creatinine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [104]}}"
Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm associated with nifedipine treatment.,nifedipine,Rupture of a cerebral aneurysm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
We describe rupture of a cerebral arterial aneurysm in a 32 year old hypertensive woman following the introduction of nifedipine treatment.,nifedipine,rupture of a cerebral arterial aneurysm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [51]}}"
A small initial dose of prazosin ranging from 0.5 to 1 mg has been recommended to avoid the first-dose phenomenon characterized by a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure after the administration of the first dose of prazosin.,prazosin,severe drop in blood pressure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24, 220], 'end_char': [32, 228]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [173]}}"
A small initial dose of prazosin ranging from 0.5 to 1 mg has been recommended to avoid the first-dose phenomenon characterized by a sudden and severe drop in blood pressure after the administration of the first dose of prazosin.,prazosin,severe drop in blood pressure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24, 220], 'end_char': [32, 228]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [173]}}"
Prazosin-induced first-dose phenomenon possibly associated with hemorrhagic stroke: a report of three cases.,Prazosin,hemorrhagic stroke,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [82]}}"
A fatal massive pulmonary embolus developed in a patient treated with streptokinase for acute deep vein thrombosis.,streptokinase,fatal massive pulmonary embolus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Massive pulmonary embolism complicating streptokinase treatment for deep vein thrombosis.,streptokinase,Massive pulmonary embolism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Fatal digoxin poisoning: an unsuccessful resuscitation with use of digoxin-immune Fab.,digoxin,Fatal digoxin poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6, 67], 'end_char': [13, 74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"A case of phenytoin-induced hepatitis with mononucleosis is reported, and syndromes associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions are discussed.",phenytoin,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10, 100], 'end_char': [19, 109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [37]}}"
"A case of phenytoin-induced hepatitis with mononucleosis is reported, and syndromes associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions are discussed.",phenytoin,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10, 100], 'end_char': [19, 109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [136]}}"
"A case of phenytoin-induced hepatitis with mononucleosis is reported, and syndromes associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions are discussed.",phenytoin,mononucleosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10, 100], 'end_char': [19, 109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [56]}}"
Phenytoin-induced hypersensitivity reactions.,Phenytoin,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"Phenytoin was discontinued after admission; however, phenytoin 1 g i.v. was given for a tonic-clonic seizure two days after admission, after which swelling of the face and legs and pruritus developed.",phenytoin,pruritus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [181], 'end_char': [189]}}"
"Phenytoin was discontinued after admission; however, phenytoin 1 g i.v. was given for a tonic-clonic seizure two days after admission, after which swelling of the face and legs and pruritus developed.",phenytoin,swelling of the face and legs,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [176]}}"
"Serious phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions may appear as dermatologic, lymphoid, or hepatic syndromes.",phenytoin,"dermatologic, lymphoid, or hepatic syndromes","{'drug': {'start_char': [8], 'end_char': [17]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"Serious phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions may appear as dermatologic, lymphoid, or hepatic syndromes.",phenytoin,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [8], 'end_char': [17]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [44]}}"
She was receiving phenytoin sodium 300 mg/day; carbamazepine 200 mg four times daily had been discontinued four days before admission because of leukopenia.,carbamazepine,leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [155]}}"
She was receiving phenytoin sodium 300 mg/day; carbamazepine 200 mg four times daily had been discontinued four days before admission because of leukopenia.,phenytoin sodium,leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [155]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [152]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [152]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,lymphadenopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [164], 'end_char': [179]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,lymphadenopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [164], 'end_char': [179]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [154], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"The possibility of phenytoin hypersensitivity reactions should be considered when patients receiving phenytoin have unusual symptoms, particularly fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy.",phenytoin,rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19, 101], 'end_char': [28, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [154], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"It was restarted 6 weeks later, and 10 weeks after that, the patient presented with fulminant hepatic failure, which resolved rapidly after cessation of nicotinic acid therapy.",nicotinic acid,fulminant hepatic failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [167]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [109]}}"
Nicotinic acid-induced fulminant hepatic failure.,Nicotinic acid,fulminant hepatic failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"We suggest that nicotinic acid was the cause of his liver disease, that this case is of particular note because of the rather short period of therapy before the onset of liver injury and the severity of the hepatic failure, and that the probable increased use of nicotinic acid for serum cholesterol control makes it especially important for physicians and their patients to be alert to the signs of hepatotoxicity.",nicotinic acid,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16, 263], 'end_char': [30, 277]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [400], 'end_char': [414]}}"
"We suggest that nicotinic acid was the cause of his liver disease, that this case is of particular note because of the rather short period of therapy before the onset of liver injury and the severity of the hepatic failure, and that the probable increased use of nicotinic acid for serum cholesterol control makes it especially important for physicians and their patients to be alert to the signs of hepatotoxicity.",nicotinic acid,liver disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16, 263], 'end_char': [30, 277]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [65]}}"
"We suggest that nicotinic acid was the cause of his liver disease, that this case is of particular note because of the rather short period of therapy before the onset of liver injury and the severity of the hepatic failure, and that the probable increased use of nicotinic acid for serum cholesterol control makes it especially important for physicians and their patients to be alert to the signs of hepatotoxicity.",nicotinic acid,liver disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16, 263], 'end_char': [30, 277]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [65]}}"
"An infant girl with choanal atresia, athelia, minor anomalies, and mild to moderate mental retardation was born to a woman treated for hyperthyroidism throughout pregnancy with methimazole and propranolol.",methimazole,athelia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [188]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"An infant girl with choanal atresia, athelia, minor anomalies, and mild to moderate mental retardation was born to a woman treated for hyperthyroidism throughout pregnancy with methimazole and propranolol.",propranolol,athelia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [204]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"An infant girl with choanal atresia, athelia, minor anomalies, and mild to moderate mental retardation was born to a woman treated for hyperthyroidism throughout pregnancy with methimazole and propranolol.",methimazole,choanal atresia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [188]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"An infant girl with choanal atresia, athelia, minor anomalies, and mild to moderate mental retardation was born to a woman treated for hyperthyroidism throughout pregnancy with methimazole and propranolol.",propranolol,choanal atresia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [204]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"An infant girl with choanal atresia, athelia, minor anomalies, and mild to moderate mental retardation was born to a woman treated for hyperthyroidism throughout pregnancy with methimazole and propranolol.",methimazole,mental retardation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [188]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"An infant girl with choanal atresia, athelia, minor anomalies, and mild to moderate mental retardation was born to a woman treated for hyperthyroidism throughout pregnancy with methimazole and propranolol.",propranolol,mental retardation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [204]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [102]}}"
Choanal atresia and athelia: methimazole teratogenicity or a new syndrome?,methimazole,athelia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Choanal atresia and athelia: methimazole teratogenicity or a new syndrome?,methimazole,Choanal atresia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
Choanal atresia and athelia: methimazole teratogenicity or a new syndrome?,methimazole,teratogenicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [55]}}"
The patient's defects may be due to methimazole teratogenicity or could represent a previously undescribed syndrome affecting ectodermal structures.,methimazole,teratogenicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [62]}}"
Toxic epidermal necrolysis resulted after 19 days of treatment with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B.,5-fluorocytosine,Toxic epidermal necrolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Toxic epidermal necrolysis resulted after 19 days of treatment with 5-fluorocytosine and amphotericin B.,amphotericin B,Toxic epidermal necrolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"Five and one-half years after the diagnosis of myeloma, while in remission on cyclophosphamide therapy, the patient experienced severe abdominal right lower quadrant pain due to a large cecal lymphoma.",cyclophosphamide,abdominal right lower quadrant pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [170]}}"
"Five and one-half years after the diagnosis of myeloma, while in remission on cyclophosphamide therapy, the patient experienced severe abdominal right lower quadrant pain due to a large cecal lymphoma.",cyclophosphamide,cecal lymphoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [186], 'end_char': [200]}}"
"After therapy with parenteral amiodarone (2300 mg in 3 days) and other measures, signs of congestive heart failure disappeared; subsequently the patient developed jaundice, marked increase in serum transaminase levels and fall in prothrombin time, and histologic changes of severe centrilobular necrosis were observed in hepatic biopsy.",amiodarone,fall in prothrombin time,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [222], 'end_char': [246]}}"
"After therapy with parenteral amiodarone (2300 mg in 3 days) and other measures, signs of congestive heart failure disappeared; subsequently the patient developed jaundice, marked increase in serum transaminase levels and fall in prothrombin time, and histologic changes of severe centrilobular necrosis were observed in hepatic biopsy.",amiodarone,jaundice,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [163], 'end_char': [171]}}"
"After therapy with parenteral amiodarone (2300 mg in 3 days) and other measures, signs of congestive heart failure disappeared; subsequently the patient developed jaundice, marked increase in serum transaminase levels and fall in prothrombin time, and histologic changes of severe centrilobular necrosis were observed in hepatic biopsy.",amiodarone,marked increase in serum transaminase levels,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [173], 'end_char': [217]}}"
"After therapy with parenteral amiodarone (2300 mg in 3 days) and other measures, signs of congestive heart failure disappeared; subsequently the patient developed jaundice, marked increase in serum transaminase levels and fall in prothrombin time, and histologic changes of severe centrilobular necrosis were observed in hepatic biopsy.",amiodarone,severe centrilobular necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [274], 'end_char': [303]}}"
A patient with acute changes suggesting acute hepatitis after parenteral amiodarone administration is described.,amiodarone,acute hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [55]}}"
Probable early acute hepatitis with parenteral amiodarone.,amiodarone,acute hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [30]}}"
"Therefore, parenteral amiodarone was implicated as the cause of acute hepatitis in this patient.",amiodarone,acute hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [79]}}"
He became hyperkalemic on rechallenge with timolol and normokalemic following its withdrawal.,timolol,hyperkalemic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Severe hyperkalemia as a complication of timolol, a topically applied beta-adrenergic antagonist.",timolol,Severe hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Severe hyperkalemia occurred in a patient with radiation pneumonitis and glaucoma shortly after beginning prednisone therapy.,prednisone,Severe hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema during intrabiliary infusion of mono-octanoin.,mono-octanoin,Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
We describe a patient in whom noncardiogenic pulmonary edema developed during intrabiliary infusion of monooctanoin.,monooctanoin,noncardiogenic pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [60]}}"
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during treatment with cisplatin and etoposide combination.,cisplatin,Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during treatment with cisplatin and etoposide combination.,etoposide,Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"We report a case of a 60-year-old woman affected by squamous lung carcinoma, who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during cisplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy.",cisplatin,paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [138], 'end_char': [147]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [130]}}"
"We report a case of a 60-year-old woman affected by squamous lung carcinoma, who developed paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia during cisplatin and etoposide combination chemotherapy.",etoposide,paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [161]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [130]}}"
A case is reported of theophylline intoxication due to a dramatic decrease in theophylline clearance following concomitant administration of viloxazine.,viloxazine,decrease in theophylline clearance,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [100]}}"
A case is reported of theophylline intoxication due to a dramatic decrease in theophylline clearance following concomitant administration of viloxazine.,theophylline,theophylline intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22, 78], 'end_char': [34, 90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [47]}}"
A case is reported of theophylline intoxication due to a dramatic decrease in theophylline clearance following concomitant administration of viloxazine.,viloxazine,theophylline intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [47]}}"
Theophylline intoxication following viloxazine induced decrease in clearance.,viloxazine,decrease in clearance,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Theophylline intoxication following viloxazine induced decrease in clearance.,Theophylline,Theophylline intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
Theophylline intoxication following viloxazine induced decrease in clearance.,viloxazine,Theophylline intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"Idiosyncratic pulmonary reactions to nitrofurantoin are not unusual, often presenting as eosinophilic pneumonia.",nitrofurantoin,eosinophilic pneumonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"Idiosyncratic pulmonary reactions to nitrofurantoin are not unusual, often presenting as eosinophilic pneumonia.",nitrofurantoin,Idiosyncratic pulmonary reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Acute myocardial necrosis during administration of amsacrine.,amsacrine,Acute myocardial necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"In addition to the recognized arrhythmic complications, the authors emphasize myocardial necrosis as a possible further manifestation of amsacrine-related cardiotoxicity.",amsacrine,cardiotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [155], 'end_char': [169]}}"
"In addition to the recognized arrhythmic complications, the authors emphasize myocardial necrosis as a possible further manifestation of amsacrine-related cardiotoxicity.",amsacrine,myocardial necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [97]}}"
"The authors report a case of focal myocardial necrosis, presenting clinically as an acute myocardial infarction during the administration of the antineoplastic drug, amsacrine, in a patient without coronary artery disease.",amsacrine,acute myocardial infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [166], 'end_char': [175]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"The authors report a case of focal myocardial necrosis, presenting clinically as an acute myocardial infarction during the administration of the antineoplastic drug, amsacrine, in a patient without coronary artery disease.",amsacrine,focal myocardial necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [166], 'end_char': [175]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [54]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,alopecia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [151]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [141]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [97]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,hypersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,icterus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [160]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,myositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [198]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,nephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [204], 'end_char': [213]}}"
"A child in whom a phenobarbital hypersensitivity drug reaction developed which consisted of fever, a pruritic desquamating erythrodermic rash, alopecia, icterus, protein-losing enteropathy, myositis, and nephritis, is described.",phenobarbital,protein-losing enteropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [162], 'end_char': [188]}}"
Graft versus host-like illness in a child with phenobarbital hypersensitivity.,phenobarbital,Graft versus host-like illness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Graft versus host-like illness in a child with phenobarbital hypersensitivity.,phenobarbital,hypersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [77]}}"
The clinical findings and laboratory studies suggested an autoimmune cell-mediated hypersensitivity reaction triggered by phenobarbital.,phenobarbital,autoimmune cell-mediated hypersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [99]}}"
Duodenal ulceration: a complication of tolazoline therapy.,tolazoline,Duodenal ulceration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Two patients who were receiving Tolazoline by infusion developed duodenal ulceration and subsequent intestinal perforation.,Tolazoline,duodenal ulceration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [84]}}"
Two patients who were receiving Tolazoline by infusion developed duodenal ulceration and subsequent intestinal perforation.,Tolazoline,intestinal perforation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [122]}}"
"The latter form (Macrodantin) is reported to engender less gastrointestinal intolerance but it can produce the same adverse effects as the conventional form--liver damage, acute and chronic pulmonary reactions, peripheral neuropathy, blood dyscrasias and allergic reactions--and does so just as rapidly and floridly; one such case is reported here.",Macrodantin,acute and chronic pulmonary reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [172], 'end_char': [209]}}"
"The latter form (Macrodantin) is reported to engender less gastrointestinal intolerance but it can produce the same adverse effects as the conventional form--liver damage, acute and chronic pulmonary reactions, peripheral neuropathy, blood dyscrasias and allergic reactions--and does so just as rapidly and floridly; one such case is reported here.",Macrodantin,allergic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [255], 'end_char': [273]}}"
"The latter form (Macrodantin) is reported to engender less gastrointestinal intolerance but it can produce the same adverse effects as the conventional form--liver damage, acute and chronic pulmonary reactions, peripheral neuropathy, blood dyscrasias and allergic reactions--and does so just as rapidly and floridly; one such case is reported here.",Macrodantin,blood dyscrasias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [234], 'end_char': [250]}}"
"The latter form (Macrodantin) is reported to engender less gastrointestinal intolerance but it can produce the same adverse effects as the conventional form--liver damage, acute and chronic pulmonary reactions, peripheral neuropathy, blood dyscrasias and allergic reactions--and does so just as rapidly and floridly; one such case is reported here.",Macrodantin,liver damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [170]}}"
"The latter form (Macrodantin) is reported to engender less gastrointestinal intolerance but it can produce the same adverse effects as the conventional form--liver damage, acute and chronic pulmonary reactions, peripheral neuropathy, blood dyscrasias and allergic reactions--and does so just as rapidly and floridly; one such case is reported here.",Macrodantin,peripheral neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [211], 'end_char': [232]}}"
Generalized pustular psoriasis precipitated by trazodone in the treatment of depression.,trazodone,Generalized pustular psoriasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
"We report a patient in whom the anti-depressant trazodone hydrochloride (Molipaxin, Roussel), a serotonin antagonist, provoked generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).",Molipaxin,generalized pustular psoriasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [157]}}"
"We report a patient in whom the anti-depressant trazodone hydrochloride (Molipaxin, Roussel), a serotonin antagonist, provoked generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).",trazodone hydrochloride,generalized pustular psoriasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [157]}}"
"We report a patient in whom the anti-depressant trazodone hydrochloride (Molipaxin, Roussel), a serotonin antagonist, provoked generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).",Molipaxin,GPP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"We report a patient in whom the anti-depressant trazodone hydrochloride (Molipaxin, Roussel), a serotonin antagonist, provoked generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP).",trazodone hydrochloride,GPP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",quinidine,apnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",verapamil,apnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",verapamil,atrial flutter,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [123]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",verapamil,bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",quinidine,death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [152, 191], 'end_char': [157, 196]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",verapamil,hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [68]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",quinidine,long QT interval syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [262], 'end_char': [287]}}"
"Intravenous verapamil therapy in babies may cause apnea, hypotension, and bradycardia; continued episodes of atrial flutter in a child may cause sudden death; quinidine may be related to the death; children with ""familial seizure disorders"" may in fact have the long QT interval syndrome.",verapamil,sudden death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [157]}}"
Methimazole-associated cholestatic liver injury: case report and brief literature review.,Methimazole,cholestatic liver injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [47]}}"
The authors report a further case of methimazole-associated liver damage and present a brief review of eleven previous cases found in the literature.,methimazole,liver damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"The main clinical features of this 58-year-old female patient were laboratory evidence of leucopenia and cholestasis, and biopsy features of fatty liver parenchyma degeneration with granulocytic portal infiltration and bile stasis, demonstrated 20 days after the initiation of antithyroid therapy with 20 mg methimazole daily.",methimazole,bile stasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [308], 'end_char': [319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [219], 'end_char': [230]}}"
"The main clinical features of this 58-year-old female patient were laboratory evidence of leucopenia and cholestasis, and biopsy features of fatty liver parenchyma degeneration with granulocytic portal infiltration and bile stasis, demonstrated 20 days after the initiation of antithyroid therapy with 20 mg methimazole daily.",methimazole,cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [308], 'end_char': [319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [116]}}"
"The main clinical features of this 58-year-old female patient were laboratory evidence of leucopenia and cholestasis, and biopsy features of fatty liver parenchyma degeneration with granulocytic portal infiltration and bile stasis, demonstrated 20 days after the initiation of antithyroid therapy with 20 mg methimazole daily.",methimazole,fatty liver parenchyma degeneration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [308], 'end_char': [319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [176]}}"
"The main clinical features of this 58-year-old female patient were laboratory evidence of leucopenia and cholestasis, and biopsy features of fatty liver parenchyma degeneration with granulocytic portal infiltration and bile stasis, demonstrated 20 days after the initiation of antithyroid therapy with 20 mg methimazole daily.",methimazole,granulocytic portal infiltration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [308], 'end_char': [319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [182], 'end_char': [214]}}"
"The main clinical features of this 58-year-old female patient were laboratory evidence of leucopenia and cholestasis, and biopsy features of fatty liver parenchyma degeneration with granulocytic portal infiltration and bile stasis, demonstrated 20 days after the initiation of antithyroid therapy with 20 mg methimazole daily.",methimazole,leucopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [308], 'end_char': [319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [100]}}"
Fibrosis of corpus cavernosum after intracavernous injection of phentolamine/papaverine.,papaverine,Fibrosis of corpus cavernosum,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Fibrosis of corpus cavernosum after intracavernous injection of phentolamine/papaverine.,phentolamine,Fibrosis of corpus cavernosum,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
We report a case of penile fibrosis after intracavernous self-injection of a combination of phentolamine and papaverine.,papaverine,penile fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [35]}}"
We report a case of penile fibrosis after intracavernous self-injection of a combination of phentolamine and papaverine.,phentolamine,penile fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [35]}}"
A 57-year-old woman developed pulmonary sarcoidosis during therapy with interferon beta for advanced renal cell carcinoma metastatic to mediastinal lymph nodes.,interferon beta,pulmonary sarcoidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [51]}}"
The possible role of interferon beta in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis in this patient is discussed.,interferon beta,sarcoidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [71]}}"
"Fatal outcome of intravesical formalin instillation, with changes mimicking renal tuberculosis.",formalin,Fatal outcome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
"We present a case report of a patient with alveolar hydatid disease, whose treatment with mebendazole was brief due to side effects of alopecia and granulocytopenia; and review the features of this disease which, with increasing international migration, may be encountered more frequently in Australia.",mebendazole,alopecia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [143]}}"
"We present a case report of a patient with alveolar hydatid disease, whose treatment with mebendazole was brief due to side effects of alopecia and granulocytopenia; and review the features of this disease which, with increasing international migration, may be encountered more frequently in Australia.",mebendazole,granulocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [164]}}"
Antibiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) developed in four patients with spinal cord injury and taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,sulfamethoxazole,colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22, 48], 'end_char': [29, 55]}}"
Antibiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) developed in four patients with spinal cord injury and taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,trimethoprim,colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22, 48], 'end_char': [29, 55]}}"
Antibiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) developed in four patients with spinal cord injury and taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,sulfamethoxazole,pseudomembranous colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [55]}}"
Antibiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) developed in four patients with spinal cord injury and taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,trimethoprim,pseudomembranous colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [55]}}"
Pseudomembranous colitis readily occurs in at least certain population groups receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,sulfamethoxazole,Pseudomembranous colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Pseudomembranous colitis readily occurs in at least certain population groups receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,trimethoprim,Pseudomembranous colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
A lethal complication of peripheral vein vasopressin infusion.,vasopressin,lethal complication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [21]}}"
The condition should be suspected in patients who develop unexplained abdominal pain or collapse following vasopressin treatment.,vasopressin,abdominal pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [118]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [84]}}"
The condition should be suspected in patients who develop unexplained abdominal pain or collapse following vasopressin treatment.,vasopressin,collapse,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [118]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [96]}}"
"Although adverse reactions to protamine are reported infrequently and are usually mild, we recently observed the first fatal case of type I anaphylaxis resulting from protamine.",protamine,type I anaphylaxis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30, 167], 'end_char': [39, 176]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [151]}}"
Protamine-induced fatal anaphylaxis.,Protamine,fatal anaphylaxis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Ototoxicity as a result of cis-platinum administration is well documented.,cis-platinum,Ototoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
"Controversy concerning the nephrotoxicity of lithium is discussed, and recommendations for the evaluation of renal failure during lithium therapy are provided.",lithium,nephrotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45, 130], 'end_char': [52, 137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"Controversy concerning the nephrotoxicity of lithium is discussed, and recommendations for the evaluation of renal failure during lithium therapy are provided.",lithium,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45, 130], 'end_char': [52, 137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [122]}}"
"Controversy concerning the nephrotoxicity of lithium is discussed, and recommendations for the evaluation of renal failure during lithium therapy are provided.",lithium,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45, 130], 'end_char': [52, 137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [122]}}"
Administration of intravenous nitroglycerin in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension resulted in an increase in pulmonary artery pressure associated with a decrease in blood flow that is best explained by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance.,nitroglycerin,decrease in blood flow,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [167], 'end_char': [189]}}"
Administration of intravenous nitroglycerin in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension resulted in an increase in pulmonary artery pressure associated with a decrease in blood flow that is best explained by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance.,nitroglycerin,increase in pulmonary artery pressure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [148]}}"
Administration of intravenous nitroglycerin in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension resulted in an increase in pulmonary artery pressure associated with a decrease in blood flow that is best explained by an increase in pulmonary vascular resistance.,nitroglycerin,increase in pulmonary vascular resistance,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [219], 'end_char': [260]}}"
Paradoxical pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by nitroglycerin in idiopathic pulmonary hypertension.,nitroglycerin,Paradoxical pulmonary vasoconstriction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Atrioventricular block complicating amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in a patient with pre-excitation and rate-dependent bilateral bundle branch block.,amiodarone,Atrioventricular block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Atrioventricular block complicating amiodarone-induced hypothyroidism in a patient with pre-excitation and rate-dependent bilateral bundle branch block.,amiodarone,hypothyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Such a case induced by hypothyroidism complicating long-term therapy with amiodarone in a 45 year old woman with pre-excitation is presented.,amiodarone,hypothyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [37]}}"
Ampicillin increased the preexisting electrical decrement in three rabbits with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis while the drug had no deleterious effects in less affected or normal animals.,Ampicillin,electrical decrement,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [57]}}"
Ampicillin may aggravate clinical and experimental myasthenia gravis.,Ampicillin,myasthenia gravis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Myasthenic patients receiving ampicillin should be closely monitored for possible acute exacerbations.,ampicillin,acute exacerbations,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [101]}}"
One patient had severe temporary weakness after an ampicillin sodium challenge.,ampicillin sodium,severe temporary weakness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [41]}}"
A study following large patient groups on theophylline and a combination of theophylline and steroids might clarify the risk of ulcer formation in patients being treated with these medications for asthma.,theophylline,ulcer,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 76], 'end_char': [54, 88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [133]}}"
A study following large patient groups on theophylline and a combination of theophylline and steroids might clarify the risk of ulcer formation in patients being treated with these medications for asthma.,theophylline,ulcer,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 76], 'end_char': [54, 88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [133]}}"
We presented a patient with status asthmaticus treated with a combination of theophylline and prednisone who developed a perforated gastric ulcer.,prednisone,perforated gastric ulcer,"{'drug': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [145]}}"
We presented a patient with status asthmaticus treated with a combination of theophylline and prednisone who developed a perforated gastric ulcer.,theophylline,perforated gastric ulcer,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [145]}}"
A case of propranolol overdose complicated by esophageal spasm preventing extrication of an orogastric lavage tube and relieved by intravenous glucagon is presented.,propranolol,esophageal spasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [62]}}"
Esophageal spasm following propranolol overdose relieved by glucagon.,propranolol,Esophageal spasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Hypotension and sinus arrest with nifedipine in pulmonary hypertension.,nifedipine,Hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
Hypotension and sinus arrest with nifedipine in pulmonary hypertension.,nifedipine,sinus arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"A patient presented with a painful, oedematous, cyanosed hand having injected a solution of diamorphine and methylphenidate into his radial artery.",diamorphine,"painful, oedematous, cyanosed hand","{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [61]}}"
"A patient presented with a painful, oedematous, cyanosed hand having injected a solution of diamorphine and methylphenidate into his radial artery.",methylphenidate,"painful, oedematous, cyanosed hand","{'drug': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [61]}}"
Ischaemia following selfadministered intra-arterial injection of methylphenidate and diamorphine.,diamorphine,Ischaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
Ischaemia following selfadministered intra-arterial injection of methylphenidate and diamorphine.,methylphenidate,Ischaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
Chronic photosensitivity associated with hydrochlorothiazide ingestion occurred in four patients.,hydrochlorothiazide,Chronic photosensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Cardiac decompensation following verapamil therapy in infants with supraventricular tachycardia.,verapamil,Cardiac decompensation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"However, each infant demonstrated hemodynamic decompensation shortly after verapamil administration and required cardiopulmonary resuscitation.",verapamil,hemodynamic decompensation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [60]}}"
The risk of cardiac decompensation in infants with supraventricular tachycardia and congestive cardiac failure should be kept in mind prior to administration of verapamil.,verapamil,cardiac decompensation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [161], 'end_char': [170]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [34]}}"
Pneumonitis with pleural and pericardial effusion and neuropathy during amiodarone therapy.,amiodarone,neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [64]}}"
Pneumonitis with pleural and pericardial effusion and neuropathy during amiodarone therapy.,amiodarone,pleural and pericardial effusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Pneumonitis with pleural and pericardial effusion and neuropathy during amiodarone therapy.,amiodarone,Pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
"Review of this and previously reported cases indicates the need for early diagnosis of amiodarone pneumonitis, immediate withdrawal of amiodarone, and prompt but continued steroid therapy to ensure full recovery.",amiodarone,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87, 135], 'end_char': [97, 145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [109]}}"
Heparin-induced hyperkalemia.,Heparin,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"Our findings suggest that hyperkalemia can develop with the use of low-dose heparin, within seven days of initiating heparin therapy, and that patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal insufficiency are especially predisposed to this complication.",heparin,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76, 117], 'end_char': [83, 124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [38]}}"
"Our findings suggest that hyperkalemia can develop with the use of low-dose heparin, within seven days of initiating heparin therapy, and that patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal insufficiency are especially predisposed to this complication.",heparin,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76, 117], 'end_char': [83, 124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [38]}}"
We present four cases in which the use of heparin was associated with hyperkalemia and discuss the pathophysiology.,heparin,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [82]}}"
"While most physicians are aware of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and skin necrosis, the association of heparin and hyperkalemia is less well recognized.",heparin,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35, 106], 'end_char': [42, 113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [130]}}"
"While most physicians are aware of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and skin necrosis, the association of heparin and hyperkalemia is less well recognized.",heparin,skin necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35, 106], 'end_char': [42, 113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"While most physicians are aware of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and skin necrosis, the association of heparin and hyperkalemia is less well recognized.",heparin,thrombocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35, 106], 'end_char': [42, 113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [67]}}"
"Careful follow-up of so-called ""self-limited"" insulin edema is encouraged, and the early institution of diuretic therapy is advocated in elderly patients to prevent the development of overt cardiac failure.",insulin,edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [59]}}"
Insulin-induced cardiac failure.,Insulin,cardiac failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Self-limited edema is a well-recognized complication of insulin therapy.,insulin,Self-limited edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
This report describes the first case of insulin-induced cardiac failure in a patient without underlying heart disease.,insulin,cardiac failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [71]}}"
A case of pyridoxine-dependent seizures is reported.,pyridoxine,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Administration of pyridoxine to an infant after a long period of convulsions was followed by acute hypotonia.,pyridoxine,acute hypotonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [108]}}"
Prolonged severe cholestasis induced by oxacillin derivatives.,oxacillin,severe cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Two patients with osteomyelitis who developed reversible cholestatic jaundice during treatment with oxacillin derivatives are described.,oxacillin,reversible cholestatic jaundice,"{'drug': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"In all the patients, pellagra symptoms appeared during isoniazid therapy.",isoniazid,pellagra,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [29]}}"
"Isoniazid inhibits the conversion of tryptophan to niacin and may induce pellagra, particularly in poorly nourished patients.",Isoniazid,pellagra,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [81]}}"
Pellagra encephalopathy among tuberculous patients: its relation to isoniazid therapy.,isoniazid,Pellagra encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"Pellagra should be suspected whenever tuberculous patients under treatment with isoniazid develop mental, neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms, even in the absence of typical pellagra dermatitis.",isoniazid,"mental, neurological or gastrointestinal symptoms","{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [147]}}"
Physicians should be aware of the potential for the development of RS among children who are receiving long-term aspirin therapy for the treatment of systemic inflammatory illnesses.,aspirin,RS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Reye syndrome (RS) is believed to occur infrequently among children receiving long-term aspirin therapy.,aspirin,Reye syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
Reye syndrome (RS) is believed to occur infrequently among children receiving long-term aspirin therapy.,aspirin,RS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [17]}}"
These findings support previous studies that showed that the use of aspirin during the antecedent illness may be a risk factor for the development of RS.,aspirin,RS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [152]}}"
Atrial fibrillation was induced by diltiazem in two patients and verapamil induced syncope in one patient.,diltiazem,Atrial fibrillation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Atrial fibrillation was induced by diltiazem in two patients and verapamil induced syncope in one patient.,verapamil,syncope,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [90]}}"
"A 54-year-old man, treated with amiodarone, developed thyrotoxicosis.",amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Amiodarone-induced dysthyroidism.,Amiodarone,dysthyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"IV propranolol was used as the initial treatment for his hyperadrenergic state, resulting in a decrease in heart rate but a paroxsymal increase in blood pressure.",propranolol,decrease in heart rate,"{'drug': {'start_char': [3], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [117]}}"
"IV propranolol was used as the initial treatment for his hyperadrenergic state, resulting in a decrease in heart rate but a paroxsymal increase in blood pressure.",propranolol,paroxsymal increase in blood pressure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [3], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [161]}}"
Propranolol-induced hypertension in treatment of cocaine intoxication.,Propranolol,hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"According to the literature, chlorambucil central nervous toxicity is found almost exclusively in childhood nephrotic syndrome.",chlorambucil,central nervous toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [66]}}"
Chlorambucil central nervous toxicity: a significant side effect of chlorambucil therapy in childhood nephrotic syndrome.,Chlorambucil,central nervous toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [37]}}"
EEG abnormalities were observed in two of the nine children during chlorambucil therapy.,chlorambucil,EEG abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
A 35-year-old man with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis developed selective IgA deficiency during treatment with fenclofenac.,fenclofenac,IgA deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [91]}}"
Fenclofenac-induced selective IgA deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis.,Fenclofenac,IgA deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [44]}}"
This case demonstrates the association of selective IgA deficiency with remission in rheumatoid arthritis induced by fenclofenac as well as aurothiomalate and sulphasalazine.,aurothiomalate,IgA deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [154]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [66]}}"
This case demonstrates the association of selective IgA deficiency with remission in rheumatoid arthritis induced by fenclofenac as well as aurothiomalate and sulphasalazine.,fenclofenac,IgA deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [66]}}"
This case demonstrates the association of selective IgA deficiency with remission in rheumatoid arthritis induced by fenclofenac as well as aurothiomalate and sulphasalazine.,sulphasalazine,IgA deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [173]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [66]}}"
A 65-year-old woman with bipolar disorder and complicated cardiovascular disease who was on maintenance lithium therapy developed a movement disorder following high doses of trazodone for treatment of an acute depression.,lithium,movement disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [149]}}"
A 65-year-old woman with bipolar disorder and complicated cardiovascular disease who was on maintenance lithium therapy developed a movement disorder following high doses of trazodone for treatment of an acute depression.,trazodone,movement disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [174], 'end_char': [183]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [149]}}"
"Although the movement disorder could not with certainty be attributed to trazodone alone, the drug at least acted as an eliciting agent.",trazodone,movement disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [30]}}"
The elicitation of a movement disorder by trazodone: case report.,trazodone,movement disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [38]}}"
"When the trazodone was reduced, the involuntary movements promptly ceased.",trazodone,involuntary movements,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [18]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [57]}}"
A review of the literature showed no previous description of this pattern in benzodiazepine coma.,benzodiazepine,coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [96]}}"
Spindle coma in benzodiazepine toxicity: case report.,benzodiazepine,Spindle coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Two reports of spindle coma are noted with alcohol and imipramine.,imipramine,spindle coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [27]}}"
A literature review revealed 83 other reported cases of rifampicin-induced renal insufficiency.,rifampicin,renal insufficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [94]}}"
"Renal failure is a rare complication associated with the use of rifampicin for the treatment of tuberculosis, usually occurring well into the course of therapy.",rifampicin,Renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
Rifampicin-induced renal failure.,Rifampicin,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [32]}}"
The following is a report of 2 cases of rifampicin-induced renal insufficiency.,rifampicin,renal insufficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [78]}}"
Cerebral and ocular toxicity induced by desferrioxamine.,desferrioxamine,Cerebral and ocular toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"Subsequent in vivo/vitro studies clearly demonstrated that the neurological effects were due to a synergistic action of desferrioxamine and prochlorperazine, probably resulting in exceptional fluxes of intra/extra cellular iron/copper disturbing noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.",desferrioxamine,neurological effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [83]}}"
"Subsequent in vivo/vitro studies clearly demonstrated that the neurological effects were due to a synergistic action of desferrioxamine and prochlorperazine, probably resulting in exceptional fluxes of intra/extra cellular iron/copper disturbing noradrenergic and serotonergic systems.",prochlorperazine,neurological effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [156]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [83]}}"
"Two of these patients, who also received the anti-emetic prochlorperazine, lost consciousness for 48-72 h and then fully recovered.",prochlorperazine,lost consciousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"Two other patients who did not receive prochlorperazine, developed retinal problems which later improved, one after only 15 g of desferrioxamine.",desferrioxamine,retinal problems,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [144]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Gold nephropathy: tissue analysis by X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy.,Gold,nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [16]}}"
"These findings are consistent with an immune-complex form of glomerulopathy in which gold is neither the antigen nor a hapten in the glomerular deposits, and they suggest the hypothesis that antibodies to tubular epithelial antigens induced by gold therapy may be a causative factor in the renal disease associated with gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.",gold,renal disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85, 244, 320], 'end_char': [89, 248, 324]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [290], 'end_char': [303]}}"
"These findings are consistent with an immune-complex form of glomerulopathy in which gold is neither the antigen nor a hapten in the glomerular deposits, and they suggest the hypothesis that antibodies to tubular epithelial antigens induced by gold therapy may be a causative factor in the renal disease associated with gold therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.",gold,renal disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85, 244, 320], 'end_char': [89, 248, 324]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [290], 'end_char': [303]}}"
Three patients developed proteinuria following gold therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.,gold,proteinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Four cases of fat embolism are described in infants receiving prolonged intravenous infusion of fat (Intralipid 20%).,Intralipid,fat embolism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"Conversely, diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients receiving methotrexate who develop bilateral pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest roentgenograms.",methotrexate,bilateral pulmonary infiltrates,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [181]}}"
"Conversely, diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients receiving methotrexate who develop bilateral pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest roentgenograms.",methotrexate,diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"In all three cases, autopsy revealed gross and microscopic features indistinguishable from those seen in the Hamman-Rich syndrome, and methotrexate hepatotoxicity was present in one.",methotrexate,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [147]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [162]}}"
It is suggested therefore that methotrexate be added to the list of agents capable of inducing diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.,methotrexate,diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [134]}}"
Methotrexate-induced diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis.,Methotrexate,diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"Pulmonary eosinophilia or granulomas, classically seen in previously reported cases of methotrexate pneumonitis, were not observed.",methotrexate,granulomas,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"Pulmonary eosinophilia or granulomas, classically seen in previously reported cases of methotrexate pneumonitis, were not observed.",methotrexate,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"Pulmonary eosinophilia or granulomas, classically seen in previously reported cases of methotrexate pneumonitis, were not observed.",methotrexate,Pulmonary eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Three patients received respectively 190 mg, 175 mg, and 196 mg of methotrexate and developed bilateral pulmonary infiltrates without evidence of peripheral blood eosinophilia.",methotrexate,bilateral pulmonary infiltrates,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [125]}}"
A patient with disseminated herpes zoster developed a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and profound hyponatremia secondary to the administration of adenine arabinoside.,adenine arabinoside,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [162], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [126]}}"
A patient with disseminated herpes zoster developed a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone and profound hyponatremia secondary to the administration of adenine arabinoside.,adenine arabinoside,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [162], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [100]}}"
Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone following adenine arabinoside administration.,adenine arabinoside,Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [34]}}"
"The toxic effects of methotrexate included elevated liver transaminases (3/4), nausea (2/4), abdominal pain (2/4), bone pain (2/4), mild neutropenia (1/4), and mild pruritus (1/4).",methotrexate,abdominal pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [107]}}"
"The toxic effects of methotrexate included elevated liver transaminases (3/4), nausea (2/4), abdominal pain (2/4), bone pain (2/4), mild neutropenia (1/4), and mild pruritus (1/4).",methotrexate,bone pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [124]}}"
"The toxic effects of methotrexate included elevated liver transaminases (3/4), nausea (2/4), abdominal pain (2/4), bone pain (2/4), mild neutropenia (1/4), and mild pruritus (1/4).",methotrexate,elevated liver transaminases,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [71]}}"
"The toxic effects of methotrexate included elevated liver transaminases (3/4), nausea (2/4), abdominal pain (2/4), bone pain (2/4), mild neutropenia (1/4), and mild pruritus (1/4).",methotrexate,mild neutropenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [148]}}"
"The toxic effects of methotrexate included elevated liver transaminases (3/4), nausea (2/4), abdominal pain (2/4), bone pain (2/4), mild neutropenia (1/4), and mild pruritus (1/4).",methotrexate,mild pruritus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [173]}}"
"The toxic effects of methotrexate included elevated liver transaminases (3/4), nausea (2/4), abdominal pain (2/4), bone pain (2/4), mild neutropenia (1/4), and mild pruritus (1/4).",methotrexate,nausea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [85]}}"
Dystonia associated with carbamazepine administration: experience in brain-damaged children.,carbamazepine,Dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
"In one child, a second course of carbamazepine resulted in a return of the dystonia.",carbamazepine,dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [83]}}"
The currently available clinical and neuropharmacologic data suggest that carbamazepine may be an antagonist of dopamine and that this property is responsible for the production of dystonia.,carbamazepine,dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [181], 'end_char': [189]}}"
We have cared for three children in whom four episodes of dystonia proceeding to opisthotonus occurred in association with carbamazepine use.,carbamazepine,dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [66]}}"
We have cared for three children in whom four episodes of dystonia proceeding to opisthotonus occurred in association with carbamazepine use.,carbamazepine,opisthotonus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [93]}}"
Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis in patients using methazolamide for glaucoma.,methazolamide,agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Aplastic anemia and agranulocytosis in patients using methazolamide for glaucoma.,methazolamide,Aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
"Several case reports of aplastic anemia with use of acetazolamide, and two cases with use of methazolamide, have appeared in the literature.",acetazolamide,aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"Several case reports of aplastic anemia with use of acetazolamide, and two cases with use of methazolamide, have appeared in the literature.",methazolamide,aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"This article describes two cases of aplastic anemia, at least one of which was almost certainly induced by the use of methazolamide, and one case of agranulocytosis related to the use of methazolamide.",methazolamide,agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118, 187], 'end_char': [131, 200]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [164]}}"
"This article describes two cases of aplastic anemia, at least one of which was almost certainly induced by the use of methazolamide, and one case of agranulocytosis related to the use of methazolamide.",methazolamide,aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118, 187], 'end_char': [131, 200]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [51]}}"
Squamous-cell carcinoma arising in a basal-cell epithelioma treated with 5-fluorouracil.,5-fluorouracil,Squamous-cell carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
We report the development of squamous-cell carcinoma within a basal-cell epithelioma that was treated with intralesional injections of 5-FU.,5-FU,squamous-cell carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Lower extremity arterial insufficiency after long-term methysergide maleate therapy.,methysergide maleate,arterial insufficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [38]}}"
The patient whose case is reviewed had migraine headaches and received methysergide maleate for 13 years.,methysergide,migraine headaches,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [57]}}"
A case of Erythema Multiforme Bullosum in patient of lepromatous leprosy with pulmonary tuberculosis due to Rifampicin is described.,Rifampicin,Erythema Multiforme Bullosum,"{'drug': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [118]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Erythema multiforme bullosum due to rifampicin.,rifampicin,Erythema multiforme bullosum,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Renal damage associated with long term use of lithium carbonate.,lithium carbonate,Renal damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
The authors report 2 cases of renal damage associated with lithium carbonate treatment.,lithium carbonate,renal damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"In two patients with mycosis fungoides, a squamous cell carcinoma developed during therapy with psoralens plus long-wave ultraviolet radiation (PUVA).",psoralens,squamous cell carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [65]}}"
Hyperglycemia and diabetic coma: possible relationship to diuretic-propranolol therapy.,propranolol,diabetic coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Hyperglycemia and diabetic coma: possible relationship to diuretic-propranolol therapy.,propranolol,Hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
Two patients developed diabetic coma when taking a combination of a thiazide diuretic and propranolol.,propranolol,diabetic coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Two patients developed diabetic coma when taking a combination of a thiazide diuretic and propranolol.,thiazide,diabetic coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [36]}}"
An insulin-dependent diabetic patient with nephropathy developed severe acidosis after treatment with acetazolamide for glaucoma.,acetazolamide,severe acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [80]}}"
Severe acidosis from acetazolamide in a diabetic patient.,acetazolamide,Severe acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
This progressed to tracheal compression with stridor after he had taken some aspirin for relief of the neck pain.,aspirin,tracheal compression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Five cases of clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis in leukaemic patients are reported.,clindamycin,pseudomembranous colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [61]}}"
An infertile patient with amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome lost vision during a pregnancy occurring after Bromocryptine treatment.,Bromocryptine,lost vision,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [70]}}"
Fatal acute tubular necrosis occurred in 1 patient in whom intravesical formalin was used to control massive persistent hemorrhage from radiation cystitis.,formalin,Fatal acute tubular necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Fatal complication of intravesical formalin during control of intractable hemorrhage from radiation cystitis.,formalin,Fatal complication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Intravenous sodium bicarbonate appears to be indicated prophylactically in combating the associated metabolic acidosis due to absorbed formic acid.,formic acid,metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [118]}}"
"A young woman developed galactorrhea during treatment with a new dibenzoxazepine antidepressant, amoxapine.",amoxapine,galactorrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"A young woman developed galactorrhea during treatment with a new dibenzoxazepine antidepressant, amoxapine.",dibenzoxazepine,galactorrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [36]}}"
A 15-kg weight gain developed in a patient during the third week of ibuprofen therapy.,ibuprofen,15-kg weight gain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Edema associated with ibuprofen therapy.,ibuprofen,Edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [5]}}"
It should be recognized that ibuprofen may be associated with salt and water retention in the same fashion as previously described with phenylbutazone and indomethacin.,ibuprofen,salt and water retention,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [86]}}"
It should be recognized that ibuprofen may be associated with salt and water retention in the same fashion as previously described with phenylbutazone and indomethacin.,indomethacin,salt and water retention,"{'drug': {'start_char': [155], 'end_char': [167]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [86]}}"
It should be recognized that ibuprofen may be associated with salt and water retention in the same fashion as previously described with phenylbutazone and indomethacin.,phenylbutazone,salt and water retention,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [86]}}"
Allopurinol-associated hand and foot deformities in chronic tophaceous gout.,Allopurinol,hand and foot deformities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Telescoped digits of the hands and feet developed in a 69-year-old male with severe chronic tophaceous gout during allopurinol treatment.,allopurinol,Telescoped digits of the hands and feet,"{'drug': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"A patient with coccidioidal meningitis was treated with intrathecally administered amphotericin B, and an acute toxic delirium with EEG abnormalities developed.",amphotericin B,acute toxic delirium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [126]}}"
"A patient with coccidioidal meningitis was treated with intrathecally administered amphotericin B, and an acute toxic delirium with EEG abnormalities developed.",amphotericin B,EEG abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [149]}}"
Neurotoxicity of intrathecal administration of amphotericin B.,amphotericin B,Neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
"In keeping with findings in the literature, the aortic wall in this case was damaged by secondary changes following irradiation and Bleomycin treatment.",Bleomycin,aortic wall in this case was damaged,"{'drug': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"Cardiac glycosides are thought to prevent doxorubicin cardiomyopathy by competitively inhibiting doxorubicin at its receptor sites, but ouabain has a much shorter half life than doxorubicin and its metabolites and so is less effective than digoxin.",doxorubicin,cardiomyopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 97, 178], 'end_char': [53, 108, 189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity: possible role of digoxin in its prevention.,Doxorubicin,cardiotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"Minor electrocardiographical changes were noted in five out of six patients who were not receiving a cardiac glycoside and four out of six who were receiving ouabain, and none of the 16 who were receiving digoxin.",ouabain,Minor electrocardiographical changes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [165]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [36]}}"
One other patient on digoxin stopped taking it and developed cardiomyopathy.,digoxin,cardiomyopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [75]}}"
One patient on ouabain also developed cardiomyopathy.,ouabain,cardiomyopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"A healthy, 30-year-old man, exposed to sulindac on two separate occasions, had an incapacitating isolated idential sensory neuropathy.",sulindac,isolated idential sensory neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [133]}}"
"Sulindac (Clinoril), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, has few reported neurologic toxic effects, all of which have been associated with systemic disease.",Clinoril,neurologic toxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [18]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"Sulindac (Clinoril), a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, has few reported neurologic toxic effects, all of which have been associated with systemic disease.",Sulindac,neurologic toxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"To our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of isolated paresthesia and peripheral neuropathy, without systemic involvement, secondary to sulindac administration.",sulindac,isolated paresthesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [156]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"To our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of isolated paresthesia and peripheral neuropathy, without systemic involvement, secondary to sulindac administration.",sulindac,peripheral neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [156]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"In addition, loading with one low oral dose of serine produced psychotic symptoms 5 h later which lasted 3-6 h.",serine,psychotic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [81]}}"
Reversal of ergotamine-induced arteriospasm by mechanical intra-arterial dilatation.,ergotamine,arteriospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [43]}}"
"Two patients with imminent gangrene of the extremities caused by ergot-induced arteriospasm underwent mechanical dilatation of the arteries when conventional measures such as anticoagulation, vasodilation, and sympathetic blockade produced no improvement.",ergot,arteriospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [91]}}"
"Two patients with imminent gangrene of the extremities caused by ergot-induced arteriospasm underwent mechanical dilatation of the arteries when conventional measures such as anticoagulation, vasodilation, and sympathetic blockade produced no improvement.",ergot,gangrene of the extremities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [54]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",haloperidol,hyperpyrexia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",lithium,hyperpyrexia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",haloperidol,irreversible tardive dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [179]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",lithium,irreversible tardive dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [179]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",haloperidol,mutism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [127]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",lithium,mutism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [127]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",haloperidol,severe rigidity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [119]}}"
"The authors describe a case of combined lithium and haloperidol toxicity characterized by hyperpyrexia, severe rigidity, mutism, and development of irreversible tardive dyskinesia.",lithium,severe rigidity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [119]}}"
"The authors postulate that two types of combined lithium-neuroleptic toxicity occur: a neuroleptic malignant extrapyramidal syndrome and a lithium toxicity that occurs in combination with phenothiazines, primarily thioridazine.",lithium,lithium toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49, 139], 'end_char': [56, 146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [155]}}"
"The authors postulate that two types of combined lithium-neuroleptic toxicity occur: a neuroleptic malignant extrapyramidal syndrome and a lithium toxicity that occurs in combination with phenothiazines, primarily thioridazine.",thioridazine,lithium toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [214], 'end_char': [226]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [155]}}"
"The authors postulate that two types of combined lithium-neuroleptic toxicity occur: a neuroleptic malignant extrapyramidal syndrome and a lithium toxicity that occurs in combination with phenothiazines, primarily thioridazine.",lithium,neuroleptic malignant extrapyramidal syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49, 139], 'end_char': [56, 146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [132]}}"
"The authors postulate that two types of combined lithium-neuroleptic toxicity occur: a neuroleptic malignant extrapyramidal syndrome and a lithium toxicity that occurs in combination with phenothiazines, primarily thioridazine.",thioridazine,neuroleptic malignant extrapyramidal syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [214], 'end_char': [226]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [132]}}"
Chlorambucil-induced chromosome damage to human lymphocytes is dose-dependent and cumulative.,Chlorambucil,chromosome damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Anaphylactoid reaction to 50% solution of dextrose.,dextrose,Anaphylactoid reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Preliminary results suggest that the higher concentrations of dextrose induce increased histamine release from blood cells, and that this phenomenon is more marked in diabetic, and particularly diabetic-allergic, individuals.",dextrose,increased histamine release,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [105]}}"
Two patients with extrinsic asthma and coexistent insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus sustained an anaphylactoid reaction after the intravenous administration of 50% solution of dextrose.,dextrose,anaphylactoid reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [186]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [121]}}"
Salicylate hepato toxicity in rheumatic fever.,Salicylate,hepato toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Two children with rheumatic fever developed anicteric hepatitis while on high-dose aspirin therapy.,aspirin,anicteric hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [63]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",bleomycin,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [163]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",cisplatinum,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [163]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",vinblastine,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [163]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",bleomycin,left homonymous hemianopsia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [147]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",cisplatinum,left homonymous hemianopsia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [147]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",vinblastine,left homonymous hemianopsia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [147]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",bleomycin,partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [213]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",cisplatinum,partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [213]}}"
"A 36-year-old man being treated with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma developed a dense left homonymous hemianopsia, encephalopathy, and a partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome.",vinblastine,partial nondominant parietal lobe syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [213]}}"
"Transient left homonymous hemianopsia and encephalopathy following treatment of testicular carcinoma with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin.",bleomycin,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [56]}}"
"Transient left homonymous hemianopsia and encephalopathy following treatment of testicular carcinoma with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin.",cisplatinum,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [56]}}"
"Transient left homonymous hemianopsia and encephalopathy following treatment of testicular carcinoma with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin.",vinblastine,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [56]}}"
"Transient left homonymous hemianopsia and encephalopathy following treatment of testicular carcinoma with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin.",bleomycin,Transient left homonymous hemianopsia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [37]}}"
"Transient left homonymous hemianopsia and encephalopathy following treatment of testicular carcinoma with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin.",cisplatinum,Transient left homonymous hemianopsia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [37]}}"
"Transient left homonymous hemianopsia and encephalopathy following treatment of testicular carcinoma with cisplatinum, vinblastine, and bleomycin.",vinblastine,Transient left homonymous hemianopsia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [37]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",propylthiouracil,eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",PTU,eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",propylthiouracil,granulocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [34]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",PTU,granulocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [34]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",propylthiouracil,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",PTU,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",propylthiouracil,skin reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [63]}}"
"An association of granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis during propylthiouracil (PTU) therapy for thyrotoxicosis in a 47 year old black female is reported.",PTU,skin reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [63]}}"
"Multiple complications of propylthiouracil treatment: granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis with lymphocyte sensitization.",propylthiouracil,eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"Multiple complications of propylthiouracil treatment: granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis with lymphocyte sensitization.",propylthiouracil,granulocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [70]}}"
"Multiple complications of propylthiouracil treatment: granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis with lymphocyte sensitization.",propylthiouracil,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [113]}}"
"Multiple complications of propylthiouracil treatment: granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis with lymphocyte sensitization.",propylthiouracil,lymphocyte sensitization,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [143]}}"
"Multiple complications of propylthiouracil treatment: granulocytopenia, eosinophilia, skin reaction and hepatitis with lymphocyte sensitization.",propylthiouracil,skin reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [99]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pentobarbital,ataxia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [220], 'end_char': [233]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pyrilamine maleate,ataxia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [238], 'end_char': [256]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pentobarbital,depressed level of consciousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [220], 'end_char': [233]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pyrilamine maleate,depressed level of consciousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [238], 'end_char': [256]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pentobarbital,marked irritability,"{'drug': {'start_char': [220], 'end_char': [233]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pyrilamine maleate,marked irritability,"{'drug': {'start_char': [238], 'end_char': [256]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pentobarbital,toxic encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [220], 'end_char': [233]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"A toxic encephalopathy characterized by depressed level of consciousness, marked irritability, and ataxia developed in seven children, 5 years of age and younger, following administration of an antiemetic combination of pentobarbital and pyrilamine maleate.",pyrilamine maleate,toxic encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [238], 'end_char': [256]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Optic neuropathy associated with penicillamine therapy in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.,penicillamine,Optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Optic neuropathy developed in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis who had been receiving D-penicillamine for about 1 year.,D-penicillamine,Optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
The case resembles two previously reported cases of optic neuropathy which occurred in patients with Wilson's disease who were receiving penicillamine.,penicillamine,optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [68]}}"
"A patient developed transient, acute myopia while on isotretinoin (Accutane) therapy for acne.",Accutane,acute myopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [43]}}"
"A patient developed transient, acute myopia while on isotretinoin (Accutane) therapy for acne.",isotretinoin,acute myopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [43]}}"
There was a clear relationship between restarting the Accutane and recurrence of the transient myopia.,Accutane,transient myopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [101]}}"
Transient acute myopia resulting from isotretinoin (accutane) therapy.,accutane,Transient acute myopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Transient acute myopia resulting from isotretinoin (accutane) therapy.,isotretinoin,Transient acute myopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Allergic contact dermatitis to compound tincture of benzoin.,benzoin,Allergic contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Nineteen cases of allergic contact dermatitis to compound tincture of benzoin are described.,benzoin,allergic contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [45]}}"
Autopsy evidence of herpesvirus infection was found in visceral organs of four leukemic patients who had received large doses of cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside; Ara-C) shortly before their death.,Ara-C,herpesvirus infection,"{'drug': {'start_char': [163], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Autopsy evidence of herpesvirus infection was found in visceral organs of four leukemic patients who had received large doses of cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside; Ara-C) shortly before their death.,cytarabine,herpesvirus infection,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Autopsy evidence of herpesvirus infection was found in visceral organs of four leukemic patients who had received large doses of cytarabine (cytosine arabinoside; Ara-C) shortly before their death.,cytosine arabinoside,herpesvirus infection,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [161]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"In three of these patients the infection was clinically unsuspected; in the fourth, cutaneous herpes zoster developed after administration of 300 mg of cytarabine daily for the preceding five days.",cytarabine,cutaneous herpes zoster,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [162]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [107]}}"
Visceral herpesvirus infections in leukemic patients receiving cytarabine.,cytarabine,Visceral herpesvirus infections,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Clinical and morphological features of gold neuropathy.,gold,neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [54]}}"
Three cases of gold-related neuropathy are reported.,gold,neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Intra-neural ceroid-like pigment following the treatment of lepromatous leprosy with clofazimine (B663; Lamprene).,B663,Intra-neural ceroid-like pigment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Intra-neural ceroid-like pigment following the treatment of lepromatous leprosy with clofazimine (B663; Lamprene).,clofazimine,Intra-neural ceroid-like pigment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Intra-neural ceroid-like pigment following the treatment of lepromatous leprosy with clofazimine (B663; Lamprene).,Lamprene,Intra-neural ceroid-like pigment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"One of these was clofazimine, an aniline aposafranine derivative known to produce a ceroid-like pigment in the tissues of patients treated with this drug or lepromatous leprosy.",clofazimine,ceroid-like pigment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [103]}}"
Severe neurotoxicity with methyl G: CALGB experience.,methyl G: CALGB,Severe neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
A young patient experienced marked sinus tachycardia while smoking marijuana and receiving therapeutic doses of nortriptyline.,nortriptyline,sinus tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Marked sinus tachycardia resulting from the synergistic effects of marijuana and nortriptyline.,nortriptyline,sinus tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"It is concluded that 'cerebral atrophy' on CT scans may represent an accumulative effect of ACTH and that ACTH should be given with the utmost discretion, and in as low a dose as possible.",ACTH,cerebral atrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92, 106], 'end_char': [96, 110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Disulfiram-like reactions with newer cephalosporins: cefmenoxime.,cefmenoxime,Disulfiram-like reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
This is the first report of a disulfiram-like reaction with cefmenoxime.,cefmenoxime,disulfiram-like reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [54]}}"
"k bipolar manic-depressive patient, developed while on lithium prophylaxis, akathisia at therapeutic serum lithium levels and subsequently bucco-linguo-masticatory dyskinesia.",lithium,akathisia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55, 107], 'end_char': [62, 114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"k bipolar manic-depressive patient, developed while on lithium prophylaxis, akathisia at therapeutic serum lithium levels and subsequently bucco-linguo-masticatory dyskinesia.",lithium,bucco-linguo-masticatory dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55, 107], 'end_char': [62, 114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [174]}}"
Acute leukopenia associated with silver sulfadiazine therapy.,silver sulfadiazine,Acute leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Patients from endemic areas referred to transplant centers may be at high risk for disseminated histoplasmosis when treated with long-term prednisone for graft-versus-host disease.,prednisone,disseminated histoplasmosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [149]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [110]}}"
Acute renal failure most likely was secondary to the nephrotoxic effect of captopril on chronically hypoperfused kidneys.,captopril,Acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"In a patient with severe renovascular hypertension, nonoliguric acute renal failure developed after she received captopril treatment.",captopril,nonoliguric acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Nonoliguric acute renal failure after captopril therapy.,captopril,Nonoliguric acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Captopril-induced acute reversible renal failure.,Captopril,acute reversible renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [48]}}"
The 5 patients had severe renovascular disease which might thus represent a significant risk factor in the development of captopril-induced acute renal failure.,captopril,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [131]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [159]}}"
We report 5 cases of acute reversible renal failure coinciding with the onset of treatment with captopril in patients with severe drug-resistant hypertension.,captopril,acute reversible renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [51]}}"
A case of mania associated with fluoxetine.,fluoxetine,mania,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [15]}}"
A depressed woman with no history of bipolar illness developed a manic episode during treatment with fluoxetine.,fluoxetine,manic episode,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"Alopecia, nausea, and vomiting were attributed to the cyclophosphamide component of the therapy.",cyclophosphamide,Alopecia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
"Alopecia, nausea, and vomiting were attributed to the cyclophosphamide component of the therapy.",cyclophosphamide,nausea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [16]}}"
"Alopecia, nausea, and vomiting were attributed to the cyclophosphamide component of the therapy.",cyclophosphamide,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome complicating long-term mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil therapy for gastric carcinoma.,5-fluorouracil,Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome complicating long-term mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil therapy for gastric carcinoma.,mitomycin C,Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Three cases of acute renal toxicity in patients receiving long-term therapy with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil are reported.,5-fluorouracil,acute renal toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Three cases of acute renal toxicity in patients receiving long-term therapy with mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil are reported.,mitomycin C,acute renal toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Oral 25-hydroxyvitain D3 in treatment of osteomalacia associated with ileal resection and cholestyramine therapy.,25-hydroxyvitain D3,ileal resection,"{'drug': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [85]}}"
Severe histological osteomalacia developed in a woman with Crohn's disease 2 years after ileal resection and the start of cholestyramine therapy.,cholestyramine,osteomalacia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Treatment of lithium tremor with metoprolol.,lithium,tremor,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Two patients with bipolar affective disorder and a history of bronchospastic phenomena experienced tremor during lithium carbonate therapy.,lithium carbonate,tremor,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [105]}}"
Intravenous diazepam exacerbated the seizures.,diazepam,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [45]}}"
A 52-year-old Black woman on phenytoin therapy for post-traumatic epilepsy developed transient hemiparesis contralateral to the injury.,phenytoin,transient hemiparesis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [106]}}"
A possible mechanism for focal neurological deficit in brain-damaged patients on phenytoin therapy is discussed.,phenytoin,focal neurological deficit,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [51]}}"
Transient hemiparesis caused by phenytoin toxicity.,phenytoin,Transient hemiparesis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
"A 7-year-old boy developed a severe unilateral grand mal seizure at the age of 5 years (phenobarbitone therapy); 1.5 years later valproate (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) was added to the therapy.",2-propylpentanoic acid,severe unilateral grand mal seizure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [162]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"A 7-year-old boy developed a severe unilateral grand mal seizure at the age of 5 years (phenobarbitone therapy); 1.5 years later valproate (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) was added to the therapy.",phenobarbitone,severe unilateral grand mal seizure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"A 7-year-old boy developed a severe unilateral grand mal seizure at the age of 5 years (phenobarbitone therapy); 1.5 years later valproate (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) was added to the therapy.",valproate,severe unilateral grand mal seizure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [138]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"A 7-year-old boy developed a severe unilateral grand mal seizure at the age of 5 years (phenobarbitone therapy); 1.5 years later valproate (2-propylpentanoic acid, VPA) was added to the therapy.",VPA,severe unilateral grand mal seizure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [164], 'end_char': [167]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [64]}}"
Cefoxitin therapy for Mycobacterium fortuitum bacteremia with associated granulomatous hepatitis.,Cefoxitin,granulomatous hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [96]}}"
Stroke-like syndrome after gold sodium thiomalate induced vasomotor reaction.,gold sodium thiomalate,Stroke-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Stroke-like syndrome after gold sodium thiomalate induced vasomotor reaction.,gold sodium thiomalate,vasomotor reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Vasomotor reactions after gold sodium thiomalate are well recognized.,gold sodium thiomalate,Vasomotor reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Gold nephropathy due to auranofin obscured by tolmetin pseudoproteinuria.,auranofin,Gold nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Gold nephropathy due to auranofin obscured by tolmetin pseudoproteinuria.,Gold,Gold nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Gold nephropathy due to auranofin obscured by tolmetin pseudoproteinuria.,tolmetin,Gold nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Gold nephropathy due to auranofin obscured by tolmetin pseudoproteinuria.,tolmetin,pseudoproteinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"A 52-year-old, white female developed low-grade fever, cough, and dyspnea after 8 weeks treatment with sodium aurothiomalate for rheumatoid arthritis.",sodium aurothiomalate,cough,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"A 52-year-old, white female developed low-grade fever, cough, and dyspnea after 8 weeks treatment with sodium aurothiomalate for rheumatoid arthritis.",sodium aurothiomalate,dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [73]}}"
"A 52-year-old, white female developed low-grade fever, cough, and dyspnea after 8 weeks treatment with sodium aurothiomalate for rheumatoid arthritis.",sodium aurothiomalate,low-grade fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Pulmonary gold toxicity.,gold,Pulmonary gold toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
Cyclophosphamide can rarely cause interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis.,Cyclophosphamide,fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Cyclophosphamide can rarely cause interstitial pneumonitis and fibrosis.,Cyclophosphamide,interstitial pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [58]}}"
Cyclophosphamide pneumonitis.,Cyclophosphamide,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"The temporal sequence of the respiratory insufficiency and the histopathology, when compared to the previous examples in the literature, suggest that cyclophosphamide was aetiologically responsible for the lung disease.",cyclophosphamide,lung disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [166]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [206], 'end_char': [218]}}"
"The temporal sequence of the respiratory insufficiency and the histopathology, when compared to the previous examples in the literature, suggest that cyclophosphamide was aetiologically responsible for the lung disease.",cyclophosphamide,respiratory insufficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [166]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [54]}}"
A reversible toxic liver damage was observed in a non-alcoholic woman treated with disulfiram.,disulfiram,reversible toxic liver damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Toxic hepatitis induced by disulfiram in a non-alcoholic.,disulfiram,Toxic hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
One type of SMON is associated with acrodermatitis enteropathica which has a very high frequency of occurrence in association with administration of clioquinol.,clioquinol,acrodermatitis enteropathica,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [159]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [64]}}"
One type of SMON is associated with acrodermatitis enteropathica which has a very high frequency of occurrence in association with administration of clioquinol.,clioquinol,SMON,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [159]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Four patients receiving high-dose tamoxifen for greater than 1 year have demonstrated similar retinal changes.,tamoxifen,retinal changes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [109]}}"
Tamoxifen retinopathy.,Tamoxifen,retinopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [21]}}"
These findings suggest that the corneal and retinal changes are the result of a toxic effect of tamoxifen when used in the doses and duration described.,tamoxifen,corneal and retinal changes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [59]}}"
Mammary gigantism is a rare complication of D-penicillamine treatment.,D-penicillamine,Mammary gigantism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
"Although they had complex medical problems, the high serum concentrations of ampicillin at the time of seizures without their recurrence after discontinuing the antibiotic suggest that the seizures were related to the ampicillin therapy.",ampicillin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77, 218], 'end_char': [87, 228]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103, 189], 'end_char': [111, 197]}}"
"Although they had complex medical problems, the high serum concentrations of ampicillin at the time of seizures without their recurrence after discontinuing the antibiotic suggest that the seizures were related to the ampicillin therapy.",ampicillin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77, 218], 'end_char': [87, 228]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103, 189], 'end_char': [111, 197]}}"
Ampicillin-associated seizures.,Ampicillin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Two patients had ampicillin-associated seizures.,ampicillin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [27]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [47]}}"
"After the patient discontinued rifampicin, the skin lesions cleared completely within 5 weeks without any systemic medication.",rifampicin,skin lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [59]}}"
Pemphigus foliaceus induced by rifampicin.,rifampicin,Pemphigus foliaceus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Pemphigus foliaceus was seen in a patient with pulmonary tuberculosis during rifampicin therapy.,rifampicin,Pemphigus foliaceus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Hyponatremia in patients treated with lorcainide, a new antiarrhythmic drug.",lorcainide,Hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"In eight patients, a mean decrease in serum Na+ of 8.25 +/- 3.2 mEq/L was observed after a single 200 mg intravenous dose of lorcainide.",lorcainide,decrease in serum Na+,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [46]}}"
It is concluded that SIADH is an important side effect of lorcainide therapy.,lorcainide,SIADH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [26]}}"
One patient developed severe hyponatremia with serum Na+ of 108 mEq/L when hydrochlorothiazide was given to control hypertension.,hydrochlorothiazide,severe hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Sixteen of 33 patients developed significant hyponatremia and hypoosmolality during oral treatment with lorcainide.,lorcainide,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [57]}}"
Sixteen of 33 patients developed significant hyponatremia and hypoosmolality during oral treatment with lorcainide.,lorcainide,hypoosmolality,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [76]}}"
"Acute intravascular hemolysis developed when a diabetic patient, previously treated with glyburide, was started on another oral sulfonylurea drug, chlorpropamide.",chlorpropamide,Acute intravascular hemolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [161]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
"Acute intravascular hemolysis developed when a diabetic patient, previously treated with glyburide, was started on another oral sulfonylurea drug, chlorpropamide.",glyburide,Acute intravascular hemolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Chlorpropamide-induced hemolytic anemia.,Chlorpropamide,hemolytic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [39]}}"
In a 61-year-old man receiving chronic low-dosage amiodarone an interstitial pneumopathy was observed.,amiodarone,interstitial pneumopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [88]}}"
Interstitial pneumopathy and low-dosage amiodarone.,amiodarone,Interstitial pneumopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial block induced by propranolol.,propranolol,Alternating sinus rhythm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial block induced by propranolol.,propranolol,intermittent sinoatrial block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [58]}}"
"Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial (S-A) block was observed in a 57-year-old woman, under treatment for angina with 80 mg propranolol daily.",propranolol,Alternating sinus rhythm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"Alternating sinus rhythm and intermittent sinoatrial (S-A) block was observed in a 57-year-old woman, under treatment for angina with 80 mg propranolol daily.",propranolol,intermittent sinoatrial (S-A) block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
The abnormal rhythm disappeared with the withdrawal of propranolol and when the drug was restarted a 2/1 S-A block was seen.,propranolol,abnormal rhythm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [19]}}"
This was accepted as evidence for propranolol being the cause of this conduction disorder.,propranolol,conduction disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [89]}}"
A further case of anaphylactoid reaction to methylprednisolone is reported.,methylprednisolone,anaphylactoid reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [40]}}"
Anaphylactoid reaction to methylprednisolone pulsed therapy for multiple sclerosis.,methylprednisolone,Anaphylactoid reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Although lung specimens were lacking from these three patients, it is suggested that the pulmonary toxicity of CCNU may be dose-related.",CCNU,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [107]}}"
Pulmonary fibrosis subsequent to high doses of CCNU for chronic myeloid leukemia.,CCNU,Pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
The responsibility of CCNU in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis seems very likely.,CCNU,pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [68]}}"
"Two patients treated for chronic myeloid leukemia with high doses of CCNU (1100 mg/m2 and 1240 mg/m2, respectively) developed a fatal pulmonary fibrosis.",CCNU,fatal pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [152]}}"
Additive pulmonary toxicity with melphalan and busulfan therapy.,busulfan,Additive pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Additive pulmonary toxicity with melphalan and busulfan therapy.,melphalan,Additive pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
"We report a 59-year-old patient with chronic myeloid leukemia, who developed severe interstitial lung fibrosis after short term and sequential treatment with melphalan and busulfan.",busulfan,severe interstitial lung fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [172], 'end_char': [180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [110]}}"
"We report a 59-year-old patient with chronic myeloid leukemia, who developed severe interstitial lung fibrosis after short term and sequential treatment with melphalan and busulfan.",melphalan,severe interstitial lung fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [167]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [110]}}"
"After taking cholestyramine II sachets twice daily for two months she presented with lethargy, confusion and drowsiness.",cholestyramine II,confusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [104]}}"
"After taking cholestyramine II sachets twice daily for two months she presented with lethargy, confusion and drowsiness.",cholestyramine II,drowsiness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [119]}}"
"After taking cholestyramine II sachets twice daily for two months she presented with lethargy, confusion and drowsiness.",cholestyramine II,lethargy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [93]}}"
Cholestyramine induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis.,Cholestyramine,hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [56]}}"
"It is presumed that her hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis was secondary to cholestyramine because of the similarity to pediatric reports; the rapid and lasting response to intravenous sodium bicarbonate; the absence of another etiology; normal serum potassium, chloride and bicarbonate despite continued spironolactone therapy after recovery.",cholestyramine,hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [57]}}"
"The first reported case, in an adult, of cholestyramine induced hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is a 70 year old female with a two year history of primary biliary cirrhosis confirmed by histologic and immunologic criteria.",cholestyramine,hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [97]}}"
"Although myelosuppression is mild, immunosuppression and superinfection are potential hazards of treatment with DCF.",DCF,immunosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"Although myelosuppression is mild, immunosuppression and superinfection are potential hazards of treatment with DCF.",DCF,superinfection,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [71]}}"
"The ocular toxicity of DCF, previously described as conjunctivitis, appears to be a keratitis of moderate severity which requires further study.",DCF,conjunctivitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"The ocular toxicity of DCF, previously described as conjunctivitis, appears to be a keratitis of moderate severity which requires further study.",DCF,keratitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"The ocular toxicity of DCF, previously described as conjunctivitis, appears to be a keratitis of moderate severity which requires further study.",DCF,ocular toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Because there were no other obvious causes of renal failure in either patient, we propose that skeletal muscle ischemia developed during vasopressin infusion, followed by release of myoglobin and renal damage.",vasopressin,renal damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [196], 'end_char': [208]}}"
"Because there were no other obvious causes of renal failure in either patient, we propose that skeletal muscle ischemia developed during vasopressin infusion, followed by release of myoglobin and renal damage.",vasopressin,skeletal muscle ischemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [119]}}"
Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure associated with intravenous vasopressin infusion.,vasopressin,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [37]}}"
Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure associated with intravenous vasopressin infusion.,vasopressin,Myoglobinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure were observed in two patients with vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage.,vasopressin,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [37]}}"
Myoglobinuria and acute renal failure were observed in two patients with vasopressin-treated gastrointestinal hemorrhage.,vasopressin,Myoglobinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
A major limitation in the use of amphotericin B is its potential to cause nephrotoxicity.,amphotericin B,nephrotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [88]}}"
Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity in humans decreased by salt repletion.,Amphotericin B,nephrotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Experience with five patients in whom impaired renal function developed early during amphotericin B therapy is reported.,amphotericin B,impaired renal function,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [61]}}"
Gynecomastia developed in two epileptic patients some months after the addition of oral fluoresone 750 mg daily to the phenobarbital and phenytoin already being administered.,fluoresone,Gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Gynecomastia developed in two epileptic patients some months after the addition of oral fluoresone 750 mg daily to the phenobarbital and phenytoin already being administered.,phenobarbital,Gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [132]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Gynecomastia developed in two epileptic patients some months after the addition of oral fluoresone 750 mg daily to the phenobarbital and phenytoin already being administered.,phenytoin,Gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Gynecomastia in epileptics treated with phenobarbital, phenytoin and fluoresone: two case reports.",fluoresone,Gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Gynecomastia in epileptics treated with phenobarbital, phenytoin and fluoresone: two case reports.",phenobarbital,Gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Gynecomastia in epileptics treated with phenobarbital, phenytoin and fluoresone: two case reports.",phenytoin,Gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Case report of withdrawal dyskinesia associated with amoxapine.,amoxapine,dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Occurrence of withdrawal dyskinesia indicates that the neuroleptic effects of amoxapine may be clinically significant.,amoxapine,dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"The authors describe a case of oral-facial dyskinesia that occurred after discontinuation of amoxapine, and antidepressant which may also have neuroleptic effects.",amoxapine,oral-facial dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [53]}}"
A case of toxic hepatitis caused by combination therapy with methotrexate and etretinate in the treatment of severe psoriasis is presented in a 47-year-old woman.,etretinate,toxic hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [25]}}"
A case of toxic hepatitis caused by combination therapy with methotrexate and etretinate in the treatment of severe psoriasis is presented in a 47-year-old woman.,methotrexate,toxic hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [25]}}"
Toxic hepatitis due to combination therapy with methotrexate and etretinate in psoriasis.,etretinate,Toxic hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
Toxic hepatitis due to combination therapy with methotrexate and etretinate in psoriasis.,methotrexate,Toxic hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
Metabolic balance studies and rechallenge with hydrochlorothiazide were undertaken to investigate the mechanism of the thiazide-induced hyponatremia.,hydrochlorothiazide,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [148]}}"
A 58-year-old woman developed unilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma four days after the application of a patch of transdermal scopolamine delivery system (TRANSDERM-V).,scopolamine,unilateral acute angle-closure glaucoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [69]}}"
A case history of a 15-year-old boy who developed incapacitating tardive dyskinesia that resolved during treatment with deanol is presented.,deanol,tardive dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Cephalosporins are most likely associated with Vitamin K deficiency.,Cephalosporins,Vitamin K deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Coagulopathy associated with the use of cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics in acute and chronic renal failure.,cephalosporin,Coagulopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Coagulopathy associated with the use of cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics in acute and chronic renal failure.,moxalactam,Coagulopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Moxalactam is more likely to be associated with platelet dysfunction.,Moxalactam,platelet dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [68]}}"
"Nevertheless, the coagulopathy seemed to be most closely associated with the administration of the cephalosporin.",cephalosporin,coagulopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Nine azotemic patients who developed a coagulopathy associated with the use of either cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics are reported.,cephalosporin,coagulopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [51]}}"
Nine azotemic patients who developed a coagulopathy associated with the use of either cephalosporin or moxalactam antibiotics are reported.,moxalactam,coagulopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [51]}}"
A case is reported of a child with fatal pulmonary fibrosis following BCNU therapy.,BCNU,fatal pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [59]}}"
"Fatal pulmonary fibrosis following 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy.","1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea",Fatal pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"Fatal pulmonary fibrosis following 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) therapy.",BCNU,Fatal pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura during penicillamine therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.,penicillamine,Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) developed in a patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 2 1/2 months of treatment with penicillamine.,penicillamine,Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,"{'drug': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [159]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) developed in a patient with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) after 2 1/2 months of treatment with penicillamine.,penicillamine,TTP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [159]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"To our knowledge, no prior cases of penicillamine-induced TTP in RA have been reported.",penicillamine,TTP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [61]}}"
"Amiodarone hydrochloride, a new antiarrhythmic agent, has been associated with pulmonary toxicity characterized by cough, dyspnea and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.",Amiodarone hydrochloride,cough,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [120]}}"
"Amiodarone hydrochloride, a new antiarrhythmic agent, has been associated with pulmonary toxicity characterized by cough, dyspnea and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.",Amiodarone hydrochloride,diffuse pulmonary infiltrates,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [134], 'end_char': [163]}}"
"Amiodarone hydrochloride, a new antiarrhythmic agent, has been associated with pulmonary toxicity characterized by cough, dyspnea and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.",Amiodarone hydrochloride,dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [129]}}"
"Amiodarone hydrochloride, a new antiarrhythmic agent, has been associated with pulmonary toxicity characterized by cough, dyspnea and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates.",Amiodarone hydrochloride,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [97]}}"
Possible recurrence of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity following corticosteroid therapy.,amiodarone,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"To our knowledge, this recurrence of amiodarone pulmonary toxicity has not been reported previously.",amiodarone,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"We describe a case of fibrosing alveolitis, diagnosed by lung biopsy, in a patient receiving amiodarone which responded to corticosteroid therapy.",amiodarone,fibrosing alveolitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [42]}}"
A 61 year-old male patient developed gynecomastia after starting theophylline.,theophylline,gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Gynecomastia associated with theophylline.,theophylline,Gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
No other endogenous or exogenous cause for the gynecomastia could be found except for the theophylline.,theophylline,gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [59]}}"
The gynecomastia regressed when the theophylline was discontinued.,theophylline,gynecomastia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Parenteral-verapamil-induced sustained hypotension.,verapamil,sustained hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [50]}}"
The incidence of oral-verapamil-induced hypotension in the presence of concomitant beta-adrenergic blockade by the oral route is quite rare.,verapamil,hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [51]}}"
We report a case of sustained hypotension after administration of parenteral verapamil.,verapamil,sustained hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [41]}}"
A 69-year-old man developed pure red cell aplasia after taking fenoprofen for ten months.,fenoprofen,pure red cell aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Pure red cell aplasia associated with fenoprofen.,fenoprofen,Pure red cell aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
This case represents the third example of erythroid aplasia associated with an anti-inflammatory agent and the first instance due to fenoprofen.,fenoprofen,erythroid aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [59]}}"
Drug-induced psychosis resulted from the administration of quinacrine hydrochloride at a dosage of 100 mg twice daily for the treatment of discoid lupus.,quinacrine hydrochloride,psychosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [22]}}"
A case of priapism associated with trazodone is described.,trazodone,priapism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Priapism associated with trazodone therapy: case report.,trazodone,Priapism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
Charcoal haemoperfusion and cysteamine therapy led to the rapid removal of the paracetamol from the body and consequently prevented the development of severe hepatic necrosis.,paracetamol,severe hepatic necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [174]}}"
"Anaphylactoid shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and anuric renal failure requiring dialysis occurred in a patient receiving zomepirac sodium for toothache.",zomepirac,Anaphylactoid shock,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Anaphylactoid shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and anuric renal failure requiring dialysis occurred in a patient receiving zomepirac sodium for toothache.",zomepirac,anuric renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"Anaphylactoid shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and anuric renal failure requiring dialysis occurred in a patient receiving zomepirac sodium for toothache.",zomepirac,disseminated intravascular coagulation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [59]}}"
Focal renal cortical necrosis associated with zomepirac.,zomepirac,Focal renal cortical necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
"The mechanism of anaphylactoid reaction to zomepirac in this case, therefore, remains unclear.",zomepirac,anaphylactoid reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Cimetidine-induced fever.,Cimetidine,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Cimetidine is a rare cause of drug-induced fever.,Cimetidine,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"A 56-year-old male parkinsonian patient developed a unique behavioral change following the oral administration of cinepazide, a cerebral vasodilator.",cinepazide,behavioral change,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Unique behavioral change with cinepazide in parkinsonism.,cinepazide,behavioral change,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"A 65-year-old woman, in the intensive care unit because of septic shock and acute renal failure, had a small-bowel obstruction due to Amphojel concretions.",Amphojel,small-bowel obstruction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [134], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [126]}}"
A patient with alcoholic cerebellar degeneration had periodic alternating nystagmus during a period of phenytoin intoxication.,phenytoin,periodic alternating nystagmus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [83]}}"
"Although the data indicate an immune-complex cause for gold-salt nephropathy, the incident antigen (or antigens) and mechanism of action remain unidentified.",gold-salt,nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Gold nephropathy.,Gold,nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [16]}}"
"Gold-salt therapy may result in damage to proximal tubules that leak renal tubular antigens, which in turn complex with autoantibody and produce an autoimmune membranous nephropathy.",Gold-salt,damage to proximal tubules,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [58]}}"
The nephrotic syndrome developed in a patient receiving therapy with gold for rheumatoid arthritis.,gold,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Intrahepatic cholestasis and cutaneous bullae associated with glibenclamide therapy are described in a 61-year-old diabetic patient who presented wit hypoglycaemic coma.,glibenclamide,cutaneous bullae,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [45]}}"
Intrahepatic cholestasis and cutaneous bullae associated with glibenclamide therapy are described in a 61-year-old diabetic patient who presented wit hypoglycaemic coma.,glibenclamide,Intrahepatic cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Intrahepatic cholestasis and cutaneous bullae associated with glibenclamide therapy.,glibenclamide,cutaneous bullae,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [45]}}"
Intrahepatic cholestasis and cutaneous bullae associated with glibenclamide therapy.,glibenclamide,Intrahepatic cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"These features have not previously been reported as side effects of glibenclamide therapy, but intrahepatic cholestasis may occur with chlorpropamide, a similar sulphonylurea agent.",chlorpropamide,intrahepatic cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [149]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [119]}}"
"In four patients, spasm occurred spontaneous and in one patient after 0.05 mg of ergonovine.",ergonovine,spasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"The authors describe a woman with chronic schizophrenia who experienced delirium, grand mal seizure, and photosensitivity after the addition of propranolol to her neuroleptic regimen.",propranolol,delirium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [80]}}"
"The authors describe a woman with chronic schizophrenia who experienced delirium, grand mal seizure, and photosensitivity after the addition of propranolol to her neuroleptic regimen.",propranolol,grand mal seizure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [99]}}"
"The authors describe a woman with chronic schizophrenia who experienced delirium, grand mal seizure, and photosensitivity after the addition of propranolol to her neuroleptic regimen.",propranolol,photosensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [121]}}"
Catatonia associated with disulfiram therapy.,disulfiram,Catatonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
Neurophysiological mechanisms which aid in elucidating the role of disulfiram in the etiology of catatonia are discussed.,disulfiram,catatonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [106]}}"
This is the first report of a catatonic syndrome occurring in a patient receiving disulfiram treatment.,disulfiram,catatonic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Hepatic reactions to cyclofenil.,cyclofenil,Hepatic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
"Thirty patients with hepatic reactions to cyclofenil, a non-steroidal drug with a stimulating effect on ovulation, are reviewed.",cyclofenil,hepatic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [38]}}"
"Since early symptoms of the toxic effects of theophylline can mimic peptic ulcer disease, cimetidine might be prescribed for the gastrointestinal symptoms with subsequent worsening of theophylline poisoning.",theophylline,peptic ulcer disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45, 184], 'end_char': [57, 196]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [88]}}"
A case of SIADH associated with desipramine treatment in an elderly depressed woman is described.,desipramine,SIADH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [15]}}"
Desipramine-associated SIADH in an elderly woman: case report.,Desipramine,SIADH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Prior reports have emphasized the tubular and interstitial lesions associated with intermittent or discontinuous rifampin therapy for tuberculosis.,rifampin,tubular and interstitial lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"The spectrum of renal lesions occurring during antituberculous therapy, particularly in association with rifampin, may be wider than previously suspected.",rifampin,renal lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [29]}}"
"Within 3 weeks of beginning continuous daily isoniazid and rifampin therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis, a patient developed acute renal failure.",isoniazid,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [143]}}"
"Within 3 weeks of beginning continuous daily isoniazid and rifampin therapy for pulmonary tuberculosis, a patient developed acute renal failure.",rifampin,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [143]}}"
Nephrotic range pseudoproteinuria in a tolmetin-treated patient.,tolmetin,Nephrotic range pseudoproteinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [33]}}"
When tuberculosis patients on isoniazid eat certain varieties of fish they may develop a histamine reaction.,isoniazid,histamine reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [107]}}"
Fulminant hepatitis associated with disulfiram.,disulfiram,Fulminant hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
We report a case of fatal fulminant hepatitis caused by the use of disulfiram in a man with previously normal hepatocellular function.,disulfiram,fatal fulminant hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [45]}}"
A 45-year-old woman with thyrotoxicosis developed agranulocytosis after treatment with propylthiouracil.,propylthiouracil,agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [65]}}"
"The patient was given methimazole instead of propylthiouracil but, 10 weeks later, agranulocytosis again occurred.",methimazole,agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [98]}}"
"This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of a case in which agranulocytosis followed treatment with both propylthiouracil and methimazole in the same patient.",methimazole,agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [152]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [90]}}"
"This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of a case in which agranulocytosis followed treatment with both propylthiouracil and methimazole in the same patient.",propylthiouracil,agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [90]}}"
A 55-yr-old man developed prolonged jaundice and sicca complex after a course of thiabendazole therapy.,thiabendazole,prolonged jaundice,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [44]}}"
A 55-yr-old man developed prolonged jaundice and sicca complex after a course of thiabendazole therapy.,thiabendazole,sicca complex,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [62]}}"
Intrahepatic cholestasis and sicca complex after thiabendazole.,thiabendazole,Intrahepatic cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Intrahepatic cholestasis and sicca complex after thiabendazole.,thiabendazole,sicca complex,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [42]}}"
The literature on thiabendazole-induced cholestasis and its association with sicca complex is reviewed.,thiabendazole,cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [51]}}"
The literature on thiabendazole-induced cholestasis and its association with sicca complex is reviewed.,thiabendazole,sicca complex,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [90]}}"
"She was placed on adjuvant Adriamycin (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, but 6 months later died of Adriamycin toxicity.",Adriamycin,Adriamycin toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27, 93], 'end_char': [37, 103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [112]}}"
"She was placed on adjuvant Adriamycin (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, but 6 months later died of Adriamycin toxicity.",Adriamycin,Adriamycin toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27, 93], 'end_char': [37, 103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [112]}}"
"She was placed on adjuvant Adriamycin (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, but 6 months later died of Adriamycin toxicity.",doxorubicin,Adriamycin toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [112]}}"
"She was placed on adjuvant Adriamycin (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, but 6 months later died of Adriamycin toxicity.",Adriamycin,died,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27, 93], 'end_char': [37, 103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [89]}}"
"She was placed on adjuvant Adriamycin (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, but 6 months later died of Adriamycin toxicity.",Adriamycin,died,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27, 93], 'end_char': [37, 103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [89]}}"
"She was placed on adjuvant Adriamycin (doxorubicin) chemotherapy, but 6 months later died of Adriamycin toxicity.",doxorubicin,died,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [89]}}"
Intracranial hemorrhage and focal seizures secondary to use of L-asparaginase during induction therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia.,L-asparaginase,focal seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [42]}}"
Intracranial hemorrhage and focal seizures secondary to use of L-asparaginase during induction therapy of acute lymphocytic leukemia.,L-asparaginase,Intracranial hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"Dural sinus thrombosis developed in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction treatment with vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and asparaginase.",asparaginase,Dural sinus thrombosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [164]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Dural sinus thrombosis developed in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction treatment with vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and asparaginase.",prednisone,Dural sinus thrombosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Dural sinus thrombosis developed in two children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during induction treatment with vincristine sulfate, prednisone, and asparaginase.",vincristine sulfate,Dural sinus thrombosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [134]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
The cause is presumed to be secondary to hypercoagulability due to asparaginase-induced antithrombin III deficiency.,asparaginase,antithrombin III deficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [115]}}"
Six patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed a syndrome resembling lupus erythematosus while being treated with penicillamine.,penicillamine,lupus erythematosus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [129]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [90]}}"
Systemic lupus erythematosus during penicillamine therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.,penicillamine,Systemic lupus erythematosus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"However, the amount of prednisone required to maintain normotension resulted in Cushingoid features and has been discontinued.",prednisone,Cushingoid features,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [99]}}"
Clinicians should be aware of fasting hypoglycemia as an unusual but potentially serious complication of disopyramide therapy.,disopyramide,fasting hypoglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [50]}}"
Disopyramide (Norpace)-induced hypoglycemia.,Disopyramide,hypoglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [43]}}"
Disopyramide (Norpace)-induced hypoglycemia.,Norpace,hypoglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [43]}}"
Cefoxitin-associated renal failure.,Cefoxitin,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [34]}}"
The other woman had rheumatoid arthritis and developed acute tubular necrosis after treatment with gentamicin and cefoxitin.,cefoxitin,acute tubular necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [77]}}"
The other woman had rheumatoid arthritis and developed acute tubular necrosis after treatment with gentamicin and cefoxitin.,gentamicin,acute tubular necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [77]}}"
Two elderly women suffered an acute deterioration of renal function after treatment with cefoxitin sodium.,cefoxitin sodium,acute deterioration of renal function,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Transient anuria following administration of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitor (SQ 14225) in a patient with renal artery stenosis of the solitary kidney successfully treated with renal autotransplantation.,SQ 14225,Transient anuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
We report on a patient with renal artery stenosis who had only 1 kidney and in whom acute renal impairment developed with transient anuria after the administration of captopril.,captopril,acute renal impairment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [167], 'end_char': [176]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [106]}}"
We report on a patient with renal artery stenosis who had only 1 kidney and in whom acute renal impairment developed with transient anuria after the administration of captopril.,captopril,transient anuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [167], 'end_char': [176]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [138]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",amiodarone,atypical ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [153]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",disopyramide,atypical ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [153]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",quinidine,atypical ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [153]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",amiodarone,AVT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [155], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",disopyramide,AVT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [155], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",quinidine,AVT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [155], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",amiodarone,torsade de pointes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [178]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",disopyramide,torsade de pointes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [178]}}"
"A 44-year-old woman is described in whom amiodarone, disopyramide, and quinidine, administered alone separately, induced atypical ventricular tachycardia (AVT, torsade de pointes).",quinidine,torsade de pointes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [178]}}"
Amiodarone was the third drug to induce AVT in this patient; she received 200 mg/day six days per week for six months.,Amiodarone,AVT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [43]}}"
Atypical ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) induced by amiodarone: arrhythmia previously induced by quinidine and disopyramide.,disopyramide,arrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [87]}}"
Atypical ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) induced by amiodarone: arrhythmia previously induced by quinidine and disopyramide.,quinidine,arrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [87]}}"
Atypical ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) induced by amiodarone: arrhythmia previously induced by quinidine and disopyramide.,amiodarone,Atypical ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Atypical ventricular tachycardia (torsade de pointes) induced by amiodarone: arrhythmia previously induced by quinidine and disopyramide.,amiodarone,torsade de pointes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"Two years later, 24 hours following an increase in the dose of disopyramide from 300 to 600 mg/day, AVT with syncope occurred; isoproterenol abolished the arrhythmia instantly.",disopyramide,AVT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"Two years later, 24 hours following an increase in the dose of disopyramide from 300 to 600 mg/day, AVT with syncope occurred; isoproterenol abolished the arrhythmia instantly.",disopyramide,syncope,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [116]}}"
"Although the existence of an acute pericarditis or an acute myocarditis as possible causes of the ST elevation cannot be fully ruled out, the sudden onset, prominent magnitude, and brief duration of the ST elevation are perhaps more indicative of an acute ischemic event, possibly related to a transient coronary vasoconstriction induced by the dopamine infusion.",dopamine,coronary vasoconstriction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [345], 'end_char': [353]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [304], 'end_char': [329]}}"
Complete remission of the nephrosis occurred after discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine therapy.,hydroxychloroquine,nephrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Hepatitis following cimetidine administration.,cimetidine,Hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
The case of an adult who developed both hepatic dysfunction and an impaired macrophage migration after exposure to cimetidine is discussed.,cimetidine,hepatic dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [59]}}"
The case of an adult who developed both hepatic dysfunction and an impaired macrophage migration after exposure to cimetidine is discussed.,cimetidine,impaired macrophage migration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [96]}}"
There have been only two reports of cimetidine-induced hepatitis.,cimetidine,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [64]}}"
A 66-year-old mand suffering from severe coronary heart disease took digoxin with suicidal intent an was treated for the ensuing complete atrioventricular block with digoxin-specific antibody fragments.,digoxin,complete atrioventricular block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 166], 'end_char': [76, 173]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [160]}}"
Verapamil in effort-induced angina pectoris in patients with normal coronary arteries.,Verapamil,angina pectoris,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [43]}}"
Flucytosine-associated diarrhea has been previously described in 6%-10% of patients receiving the drug.,Flucytosine,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"This report describes a case of flucytosine-associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel.",flucytosine,marked separation of loops of bowel,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [162], 'end_char': [197]}}"
"This report describes a case of flucytosine-associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel.",flucytosine,severe luminal narrowing,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [144]}}"
"This report describes a case of flucytosine-associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel.",flucytosine,ulcerating enteritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [75]}}"
"This report describes a case of flucytosine-associated ulcerating enteritis in which the small bowel x-ray demonstrated severe luminal narrowing, ulceration, and marked separation of loops of bowel.",flucytosine,ulceration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [156]}}"
Ulcerating enteritis associated with flucytosine therapy.,flucytosine,Ulcerating enteritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Papilledema without peripheral neuropathy in a patient taking perhexiline maleate.,perhexiline maleate,Papilledema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
An adolescent male developed acute pancreatitis and pseudocyst of the pancreas 16 weeks after cessation of intramuscular L-asparaginase.,L-asparaginase,acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [47]}}"
An adolescent male developed acute pancreatitis and pseudocyst of the pancreas 16 weeks after cessation of intramuscular L-asparaginase.,L-asparaginase,pseudocyst of the pancreas,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [78]}}"
Delayed pseudocyst of the pancreas can be a complication of intramuscular L-asparaginase.,L-asparaginase,Delayed pseudocyst of the pancreas,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [34]}}"
L-asparaginase-induced pancreatitis has been reported during or closely following administration of the drug.,L-asparaginase,pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Three cases of pseudocyst of the pancreas in two women and one man have previously been reported with the use of intravenous L-asparaginase.,L-asparaginase,pseudocyst of the pancreas,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"In one patient, treatment with DCA was associated with a decrease in blood lactate levels from 11.2 mM before treatment to 0.8 mM 16 h later.",DCA,decrease in blood lactate levels,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [89]}}"
Nine delirious patients suffering from lithium intoxication were examined with the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMS) to describe the clinical course of the disorder.,lithium,delirious,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [14]}}"
The course of delirium due to lithium intoxication.,lithium,delirium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Life-threatening hyperkalemia induced by arginine.,arginine,hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Marked hyperkalemia was observed during and immediately after an infusion of arginine monohydrochloride in two patients with severe hepatic disease and moderate renal insufficiency.,arginine monohydrochloride,Marked hyperkalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
A 58-year-old man with rheumatoid arthritis developed lichen planus during treatment with gold.,gold,lichen planus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Acne provoked by gold seems not to have been described elsewhere.,gold,Acne,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}}"
Lichen planus and acne provoked by gold.,gold,acne,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Lichen planus and acne provoked by gold.,gold,Lichen planus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
"The case history confirms that gold treatment, even in the same patient, can give rise to a wide range of skin disturbances, which in many cases do not break out until long after the drug has been withdrawn.",gold,skin disturbances,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [123]}}"
Secondary hyperparathyroidism in certain patients with lithium nephrotoxicity is also possible.,lithium,nephrotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [77]}}"
Secondary hyperparathyroidism in certain patients with lithium nephrotoxicity is also possible.,lithium,Secondary hyperparathyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
These results indicate that lithium may cause biochemical hyperparathyroidism.,lithium,biochemical hyperparathyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [77]}}"
A 57-year-old woman with right bundle branch block +LPH and ventricular premature contractions developed complete heart block (CHB) following administration of disopyramide phosphate (Norpace).,disopyramide phosphate,CHB,"{'drug': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [182]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [130]}}"
A 57-year-old woman with right bundle branch block +LPH and ventricular premature contractions developed complete heart block (CHB) following administration of disopyramide phosphate (Norpace).,Norpace,CHB,"{'drug': {'start_char': [184], 'end_char': [191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [130]}}"
A 57-year-old woman with right bundle branch block +LPH and ventricular premature contractions developed complete heart block (CHB) following administration of disopyramide phosphate (Norpace).,disopyramide phosphate,complete heart block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [182]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [125]}}"
A 57-year-old woman with right bundle branch block +LPH and ventricular premature contractions developed complete heart block (CHB) following administration of disopyramide phosphate (Norpace).,Norpace,complete heart block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [184], 'end_char': [191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [125]}}"
Disopyramide-induced heart block.,Disopyramide,heart block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"Although transient increases in ectopy after bretylium therapy have been described, presumably due to catecholamine release, the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest has not previously been emphasized.",bretylium,cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [194], 'end_char': [208]}}"
"Although transient increases in ectopy after bretylium therapy have been described, presumably due to catecholamine release, the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia leading to cardiac arrest has not previously been emphasized.",bretylium,ventricular arrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [182]}}"
"In the first patient, two episodes of ventricular tachycardia requiring cardioversion occurred in close temporal sequence with administering bretylium.",bretylium,ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [61]}}"
"In the second case, five cardiac arrests due to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation occurred during several hours after beginning a trial of bretylium maintenance therapy for complex ventricular ectopy.",bretylium,cardiac arrests,"{'drug': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"In the second case, five cardiac arrests due to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation occurred during several hours after beginning a trial of bretylium maintenance therapy for complex ventricular ectopy.",bretylium,fibrillation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [88]}}"
"In the second case, five cardiac arrests due to ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation occurred during several hours after beginning a trial of bretylium maintenance therapy for complex ventricular ectopy.",bretylium,ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after intravenous bretylium therapy.,bretylium,fibrillation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation after intravenous bretylium therapy.,bretylium,Paradoxical ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"Lithium is known to cause acute renal failure and tubulo-interstitial disease, but the recently described association with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is little recognized.",Lithium,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [45]}}"
"Lithium is known to cause acute renal failure and tubulo-interstitial disease, but the recently described association with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is little recognized.",Lithium,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [138], 'end_char': [156]}}"
"Lithium is known to cause acute renal failure and tubulo-interstitial disease, but the recently described association with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is little recognized.",Lithium,proteinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [134]}}"
"Lithium is known to cause acute renal failure and tubulo-interstitial disease, but the recently described association with proteinuria or nephrotic syndrome is little recognized.",Lithium,tubulo-interstitial disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [77]}}"
Nephrotic syndrome associated with lithium therapy.,lithium,Nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Two patients on long-term lithium therapy developed the nephrotic syndrome.,lithium,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [74]}}"
A 67-year-old man developed diarrhea shortly after a 10-day course of oral ampicillin.,ampicillin,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"A 73-year-old woman with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma had two episodes of severe, bilateral, sensori-neural hearing loss after vincristine therapy.",vincristine,sensori-neural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [132]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Acute acoustic nerve palsy associated with vincristine therapy.,vincristine,Acute acoustic nerve palsy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Bilateral acoustic (VIII) nerve palsy in this patient was most likely a manifestation of vincristine neurotoxicity.,vincristine,Bilateral acoustic (VIII) nerve palsy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
Bilateral acoustic (VIII) nerve palsy in this patient was most likely a manifestation of vincristine neurotoxicity.,vincristine,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [114]}}"
A case of timolol-associated heart failure in a 73-year old white man is reported.,timolol,heart failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [17]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [42]}}"
Bradycardia and congestive heart failure associated with ocular timolol maleate.,timolol maleate,Bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
Bradycardia and congestive heart failure associated with ocular timolol maleate.,timolol maleate,congestive heart failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"On the second day of hospitalization, it was noted that the patient's dyspnea and sinus bradycardia could be related to a recent increase in his timolol dosage.",timolol,dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [152]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"On the second day of hospitalization, it was noted that the patient's dyspnea and sinus bradycardia could be related to a recent increase in his timolol dosage.",timolol,sinus bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [152]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [99]}}"
Fatal ventricular fibrillation after treatment with digoxin in a 27-year-old man with mitral leaflet prolapse syndrome.,digoxin,Fatal ventricular fibrillation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
"He was started on digoxin, 0.25 mg daily, because of echocardiographically demonstrated left ventricular dilatation and functional impairment; he died of ventricular fibrillation 15 days later.",digoxin,functional impairment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [141]}}"
"He was started on digoxin, 0.25 mg daily, because of echocardiographically demonstrated left ventricular dilatation and functional impairment; he died of ventricular fibrillation 15 days later.",digoxin,left ventricular dilatation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [115]}}"
"He was started on digoxin, 0.25 mg daily, because of echocardiographically demonstrated left ventricular dilatation and functional impairment; he died of ventricular fibrillation 15 days later.",digoxin,ventricular fibrillation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [154], 'end_char': [178]}}"
Induction of rapid mood cycling during L-dopa treatment in a bipolar patient.,L-dopa,rapid mood cycling,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [31]}}"
The authors report a longitudinal case study of a woman with a history of bipolar affective disorder in which L-dopa shortened the manic-depressive cycle length when administered in a double-blind trial.,L-dopa,shortened the manic-depressive cycle,"{'drug': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [153]}}"
Liver disease induced by perhexiline maleate.,perhexiline maleate,Liver disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
This paper reports a case of fatal perhexiline maleate liver injury.,perhexiline maleate,fatal perhexiline maleate liver injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients with ovarian carcinoma following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan).,dihydroxybusulfan,Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [132]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients with ovarian carcinoma following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan).,Treosulfan,Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia occurred in eight women following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan) for ovarian carcinoma.,dihydroxybusulfan,Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia occurred in eight women following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan) for ovarian carcinoma.,Treosulfan,Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Seven of the eight cases of acute leukemia occurred in a series of 553 patients treated with Treosulfan for ovarian cancer in the period from 1970 to 1977 and followed closely for a total of 1159 patient-years up to February 1978.,Treosulfan,acute leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [42]}}"
The probability of developing acute leukemia in this study was not significantly correlated to the total cumulative dosage of Treosulfan.,Treosulfan,acute leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [44]}}"
Propranolol-related bronchospasm in patients without history of asthma.,Propranolol,bronchospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"Regardless of a negative history of asthma, therefore, life-threatening bronchospasm must be considered a possible complication of propranolol therapy.",propranolol,bronchospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"Since the bronchospasm was relieved with discontinuation of propranolol and supportive bronchodilator therapy, the bronchospasm was believed to be caused by propranolol.",propranolol,bronchospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60, 157], 'end_char': [71, 168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10, 115], 'end_char': [22, 127]}}"
"Since the bronchospasm was relieved with discontinuation of propranolol and supportive bronchodilator therapy, the bronchospasm was believed to be caused by propranolol.",propranolol,bronchospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60, 157], 'end_char': [71, 168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10, 115], 'end_char': [22, 127]}}"
Three patients with no history of asthma or allergy developed bronchospasm while taking propranolol for hypertension.,propranolol,bronchospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [74]}}"
Propranolol: an unrecognized cause of central nervous system dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.,Propranolol,central nervous system dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"The potential role of propranolol in inducing central nervous system disturbances is emphasized, and the literature on the subject is reviewed.",propranolol,central nervous system disturbances,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [81]}}"
Interstitial fibrosis of the lung is a potential complication of methotrexate therapy for psoriasis.,methotrexate,Interstitial fibrosis of the lung,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Progressive interstitial fibrosis with roentgenographic honeycombing developed in the case of a psoriatic patient who had been on a regimen of methotrexate for 18 years.,methotrexate,Progressive interstitial fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Progressive interstitial lung disease from prolonged methotrexate therapy.,methotrexate,Progressive interstitial lung disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [37]}}"
Abnormalities of the pupil and visual-evoked potential in quinine amblyopia.,quinine,Abnormalities of the pupil,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Abnormalities of the pupil and visual-evoked potential in quinine amblyopia.,quinine,amblyopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [75]}}"
"A transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials in quinine toxicity, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported.",quinine,abnormal visual-evoked potentials,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"A transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials in quinine toxicity, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported.",quinine,denervation supersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"A transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials in quinine toxicity, to our knowledge, have not been previously reported.",quinine,transient tonic pupillary response,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"Total blindness with a transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials developed in a 54-year-old man after the use of quinine sulfate for leg cramps.",quinine sulfate,abnormal visual-evoked potentials,"{'drug': {'start_char': [175], 'end_char': [190]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [126]}}"
"Total blindness with a transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials developed in a 54-year-old man after the use of quinine sulfate for leg cramps.",quinine sulfate,denervation supersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [175], 'end_char': [190]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [87]}}"
"Total blindness with a transient tonic pupillary response, denervation supersensitivity, and abnormal visual-evoked potentials developed in a 54-year-old man after the use of quinine sulfate for leg cramps.",quinine sulfate,Total blindness with a transient tonic pupillary response,"{'drug': {'start_char': [175], 'end_char': [190]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [57]}}"
Diagnosis: practolol induced sclerosing peritonitis.,practolol,sclerosing peritonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"A case of skeletal fluorosis induced by prolonged treatment with niflumic acid, a fast-acting non-steroid antiinflammatory agent, is reported in a 35-year-old woman suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and treated, in addition, with corticosteroids.",niflumic acid,skeletal fluorosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"After ruling out a hydrotelluric source of fluorine, the patient's fluorosis was linked to chronic use of niflumic acid, following the publication in 1978 of the 2 previously reported cases affected by this drug.",niflumic acid,fluorosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Niflumic acid-induced skeletal fluorosis: iatrogenic disease or therapeutic perspective for osteoporosis?,Niflumic acid,skeletal fluorosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [40]}}"
The fluorine contained in niflumic acid induced a marked densification of trabecular bone in all 3 cases.,niflumic acid,densification of trabecular bone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [89]}}"
Hepatotoxicity associated with use of D-penicillamine in rheumatoid arthritis.,D-penicillamine,Hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
"These cases and a review of the literature suggested that hepatotoxicity, though rare, should be added to the list of adverse reactions to D-penicillamine.",D-penicillamine,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [154]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [72]}}"
Two patients with rheumatoid arthritis developed evidence of hepatotoxicity while receiving D-penicillamine.,D-penicillamine,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [107]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [75]}}"
"A 62-year-old Indian with diabetic nephropathy controlled with metformin, developed miliary tuberculosis for which he was treated with rifampicin, isoniazid and ethambutol.",metformin,miliary tuberculosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [104]}}"
Para-aminosalicylic acid-induced hypoglycaemia in a patient with diabetic nephropathy.,Para-aminosalicylic acid,hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [46]}}"
The induction of hypoglycaemia with PAS in this patient suggests a potential role for PAS in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.,PAS,hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36, 86], 'end_char': [39, 89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [30]}}"
The introduction of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) led to hypoglycaemic coma.,para-aminosalicylic acid,hypoglycaemic coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [76]}}"
The introduction of para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) led to hypoglycaemic coma.,PAS,hypoglycaemic coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [76]}}"
A patient developed papilloedema and hepatic dysfunction while being treated with perhexiline maleate.,perhexiline maleate,hepatic dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [56]}}"
A patient developed papilloedema and hepatic dysfunction while being treated with perhexiline maleate.,perhexiline maleate,papilloedema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Papilloedema and hepatic dysfunction apparently induced by perhexiline maleate (Pexid).,perhexiline maleate,hepatic dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Papilloedema and hepatic dysfunction apparently induced by perhexiline maleate (Pexid).,Pexid,hepatic dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Papilloedema and hepatic dysfunction apparently induced by perhexiline maleate (Pexid).,perhexiline maleate,Papilloedema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Papilloedema and hepatic dysfunction apparently induced by perhexiline maleate (Pexid).,Pexid,Papilloedema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Markedly increased pigmementation of skin immediately overlying veins used for multiple 5-fluorouracil infusions was noted.,5-fluorouracil,increased pigmementation of skin,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Unusual pigmentary changes associated with 5-fluorouracil therapy.,5-fluorouracil,pigmentary changes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [8], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"Although useful in the management of chronic alcoholism, disulfiram is being increasingly associated with a wide spectrum of side effects and untoward medical sequelae, which now include catatonia.",disulfiram,catatonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [187], 'end_char': [196]}}"
Disulfiram encephalopathy as a cause of the catatonia syndrome.,Disulfiram,catatonia syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [62]}}"
Disulfiram encephalopathy as a cause of the catatonia syndrome.,Disulfiram,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [25]}}"
The authors describe a case of the catatonia syndrome associated with disulfiram therapy.,disulfiram,catatonia syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion after high dose vinblastine.,vinblastine,Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [44]}}"
We report on a patient with an embryonal teratocarcinoma of the testicle who had the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone after receiving a high dose of vinblastine.,vinblastine,inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [176], 'end_char': [187]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [144]}}"
Four cases of oesophageal damage associated with ingestion of the urinary anti-spasmodic agent emepronium bromide are described.,emepronium bromide,oesophageal damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Oesophageal ulceration due to emepronium bromide.,emepronium bromide,Oesophageal ulceration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Cardiorespiratory toxicity due to miconazole.,miconazole,Cardiorespiratory toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"None of them had a history of cardiac disease, and with the possible exception of one case of cardiac arrest, where the patient received doxorubicin, no predisposing factors could be found.",doxorubicin,cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [108]}}"
Seven patients with hematologic malignancies who were treated with miconazole for either suspected or proven fungal infections developed eight episodes of major adverse cardiorespiratory and anaphylactic reactions.,miconazole,cardiorespiratory and anaphylactic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [169], 'end_char': [213]}}"
Clofibrate-induced myopathy in patients with diabetes insipidus.,Clofibrate,myopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [27]}}"
"However, we have recently had four cases of clofibrate-induced myopathy in patients with diabetes insipidus due to hypothalamic lesions.",clofibrate,myopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [71]}}"
"Physicians should therefore be aware of its occurrence and carefully monitor serum levels of CPK, GOT and GPT during the treatment of diabetes insipidus with clofibrate, especially in patients with associated hypothyroidism, latent or overt, which possibly favors the development of myopathy.",clofibrate,myopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [283], 'end_char': [291]}}"
Hepatotoxicity of hycanthone in patients with metastatic breast cancer.,hycanthone,Hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
"In a phase II study of hycanthone in patients with breast cancer we have recently observed severe hepatotoxicity, even at lower doses, which resulted in two drug-related deaths.",hycanthone,severe hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [112]}}"
Fatal interstitial pneumonitis following high-dose intermittent chlorambucil therapy for chronic lymphocyte leukemia.,chlorambucil,Fatal interstitial pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
"Following several of these courses of therapy, respiratory distress occurred 9 to 12 days after the chlorambucil was given.",chlorambucil,respiratory distress,"{'drug': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [67]}}"
A case of barbiturate-induced submassive hepatic necrosis is presented and the literature is reviewed.,barbiturate,submassive hepatic necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [57]}}"
Barbiturate-induced submassive hepatic necrosis.,Barbiturate,submassive hepatic necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [47]}}"
"The patient's clinical presentation, histologic features on liver biopsy and favorable course after stopping the drug suggest that barbiturates can be added to the list of agents which can cause submassive hepatic necrosis.",barbiturates,submassive hepatic necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [222]}}"
A 71-year-old man with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation who had a previous anterior myocardial infarction exhibited granulocytopenia 8 days following the administration of oral sustained-release procainamide (750 mg/day).,procainamide,granulocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [205]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [130]}}"
Sustained-release procainamide-induced reversible granulocytopenia after myocardial infarction.,procainamide,reversible granulocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"The frequency and relationship of granulocytopenia caused by sustained-release procainamide in patients with tachyarrhythmias are briefly discussed, and prior reported cases are reviewed.",procainamide,granulocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [50]}}"
Monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in a patient on chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy.,diphenylhydantoin,Monoclonal gammopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
Monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in a patient on chronic diphenylhydantoin therapy.,diphenylhydantoin,multiple myeloma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [53]}}"
The development of an IgG lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in an epilepsy patient on diphenylhydantoin (DILANTIN) therapy for 20 years is reported.,DILANTIN,IgG lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [59]}}"
The development of an IgG lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in an epilepsy patient on diphenylhydantoin (DILANTIN) therapy for 20 years is reported.,diphenylhydantoin,IgG lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [59]}}"
The development of an IgG lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in an epilepsy patient on diphenylhydantoin (DILANTIN) therapy for 20 years is reported.,DILANTIN,multiple myeloma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [91]}}"
The development of an IgG lambda-type monoclonal gammopathy and subsequent multiple myeloma in an epilepsy patient on diphenylhydantoin (DILANTIN) therapy for 20 years is reported.,diphenylhydantoin,multiple myeloma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [91]}}"
We recommended periodic examination of the serum proteins in patients receiving diphenylhydantoin in order to detect development of monoclonal gammopathy.,diphenylhydantoin,monoclonal gammopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [153]}}"
CONCLUSION: Atovaquone should be added to the list of agents causing vortex keratopathy involving the corneal epithelium.,Atovaquone,vortex keratopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [87]}}"
PURPOSE: We studied a case of vortex keratopathy that was associated with the use of atovaquone.,atovaquone,vortex keratopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [48]}}"
"RESULTS: Similar to previous findings of drug-induced vortex keratopathy, atovaquone vortex keratopathy is presumably caused by its lipophilic properties.",atovaquone,vortex keratopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54, 85], 'end_char': [72, 103]}}"
"RESULTS: Similar to previous findings of drug-induced vortex keratopathy, atovaquone vortex keratopathy is presumably caused by its lipophilic properties.",atovaquone,vortex keratopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54, 85], 'end_char': [72, 103]}}"
Vortex keratopathy associated with atovaquone.,atovaquone,Vortex keratopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"Used injudiciously, naloxone can lead to withdrawal syndrome, return of severe pain, and other adverse effects.",naloxone,severe pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [83]}}"
"Used injudiciously, naloxone can lead to withdrawal syndrome, return of severe pain, and other adverse effects.",naloxone,withdrawal syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"However, there remain questions concerning whether these drugs, especially methimazole (MMI), may be associated with aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and how best to avoid impairment of fetal thyroid function during their use.",methimazole,ACC,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [145]}}"
"However, there remain questions concerning whether these drugs, especially methimazole (MMI), may be associated with aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and how best to avoid impairment of fetal thyroid function during their use.",MMI,ACC,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [145]}}"
"However, there remain questions concerning whether these drugs, especially methimazole (MMI), may be associated with aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and how best to avoid impairment of fetal thyroid function during their use.",methimazole,aplasia cutis congenita,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [140]}}"
"However, there remain questions concerning whether these drugs, especially methimazole (MMI), may be associated with aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) and how best to avoid impairment of fetal thyroid function during their use.",MMI,aplasia cutis congenita,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [140]}}"
A 73 year-old patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and paroxysmic supraventricular tachycardia developed an acute reversible encephalopathy within 15 days of initiation of flecainide.,flecainide,acute reversible encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [146]}}"
Acute reversible ataxo-myoclonic encephalopathy with flecainide therapy.,flecainide,Acute reversible ataxo-myoclonic encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [47]}}"
"A 64 year old man with recurrent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck developed severe skin rash and bone marrow aplasia 4 and 7 days, respectively, following a single dose of 40 mg/m2 methotrexate (MTX).",methotrexate,bone marrow aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [204], 'end_char': [216]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [139]}}"
"A 64 year old man with recurrent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck developed severe skin rash and bone marrow aplasia 4 and 7 days, respectively, following a single dose of 40 mg/m2 methotrexate (MTX).",MTX,bone marrow aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [218], 'end_char': [221]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [139]}}"
"A 64 year old man with recurrent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck developed severe skin rash and bone marrow aplasia 4 and 7 days, respectively, following a single dose of 40 mg/m2 methotrexate (MTX).",methotrexate,severe skin rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [204], 'end_char': [216]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [115]}}"
"A 64 year old man with recurrent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck developed severe skin rash and bone marrow aplasia 4 and 7 days, respectively, following a single dose of 40 mg/m2 methotrexate (MTX).",MTX,severe skin rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [218], 'end_char': [221]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [115]}}"
Bone marrow aplasia and severe skin rash after a single low dose of methotrexate.,methotrexate,Bone marrow aplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Bone marrow aplasia and severe skin rash after a single low dose of methotrexate.,methotrexate,severe skin rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [40]}}"
Development of an extensive skin rash following a single dose of MTX may be an early warning sign for life-threatening bone marrow aplasia.,MTX,extensive skin rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [37]}}"
"In the absence of mucositis or diarrhea, severe dermatologic toxicity following a single low dose of the drug suggests an 'allergic' or acute hypersensitivity reaction to MTX in this patient.",MTX,acute hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [174]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"In the absence of mucositis or diarrhea, severe dermatologic toxicity following a single low dose of the drug suggests an 'allergic' or acute hypersensitivity reaction to MTX in this patient.",MTX,severe dermatologic toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [174]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Chlormadinone acetate withdrawal syndrome under combined androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer.,Chlormadinone acetate,withdrawal syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [41]}}"
The second had acute cystitis and was treated by sulphonamide and the third developed myopia coincident with metronidazole treatment for trichomonas vaginalis.,metronidazole,myopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [92]}}"
The second had acute cystitis and was treated by sulphonamide and the third developed myopia coincident with metronidazole treatment for trichomonas vaginalis.,sulphonamide,myopia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [92]}}"
Nephrotic syndrome related to systemic lupus erythematosus after griseofulvin therapy.,griseofulvin,Nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Nephrotic syndrome related to systemic lupus erythematosus after griseofulvin therapy.,griseofulvin,systemic lupus erythematosus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [58]}}"
"To our knowledge, this is the first case of griseofulvin-exacerbated lupus in which nephrotic syndrome has been observed.",griseofulvin,lupus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [74]}}"
"To our knowledge, this is the first case of griseofulvin-exacerbated lupus in which nephrotic syndrome has been observed.",griseofulvin,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [102]}}"
We report a 16-year-old male who developed nephrotic syndrome related to membranous glomerulopathy with clinical and serological evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus after treatment with griseofulvin.,griseofulvin,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [191], 'end_char': [203]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [61]}}"
We report a 16-year-old male who developed nephrotic syndrome related to membranous glomerulopathy with clinical and serological evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus after treatment with griseofulvin.,griseofulvin,systemic lupus erythematosus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [191], 'end_char': [203]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [169]}}"
Neurological side effects in two patients receiving gold injections for rheumatoid arthritis.,gold,Neurological side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"The first patient developed mild nitritoid symptoms and pain in a band-like distribution, corresponding to T10-T12 dermatomes, shortly after gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) injection.",gold sodium thiomalate,mild nitritoid symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"The first patient developed mild nitritoid symptoms and pain in a band-like distribution, corresponding to T10-T12 dermatomes, shortly after gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) injection.",GSTM,mild nitritoid symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"The first patient developed mild nitritoid symptoms and pain in a band-like distribution, corresponding to T10-T12 dermatomes, shortly after gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) injection.",gold sodium thiomalate,pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"The first patient developed mild nitritoid symptoms and pain in a band-like distribution, corresponding to T10-T12 dermatomes, shortly after gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) injection.",GSTM,pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"The first patient developed mild nitritoid symptoms and pain in a band-like distribution, corresponding to T10-T12 dermatomes, shortly after gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) injection.",gold sodium thiomalate,T10-T12 dermatomes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [125]}}"
"The first patient developed mild nitritoid symptoms and pain in a band-like distribution, corresponding to T10-T12 dermatomes, shortly after gold sodium thiomalate (GSTM) injection.",GSTM,T10-T12 dermatomes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [125]}}"
The second patient experienced mild nitritoid symptoms following several GSTM injections prior experiencing a cerebrovascular accident within several hours of her next injection.,GSTM,mild nitritoid symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [54]}}"
Acute sensorineural hearing loss following intravenous ketoralac administration.,ketoralac,Acute sensorineural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Both PAN and methotrexate have been independently demonstrated to cause sensorineural hearing loss.,methotrexate,sensorineural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [98]}}"
Both PAN and methotrexate have been independently demonstrated to cause sensorineural hearing loss.,PAN,sensorineural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [98]}}"
We recommend the cautious use of ketorolac in patients with underlying illnesses where NSAID-induced ototoxicity could result in adverse otologic consequences.,ketorolac,ototoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [112]}}"
We report the case of a 20-year-old female with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) who developed bilateral sensorineural hearing loss 25 minutes after receiving 30 mg of intravenous ketoralac.,ketoralac,bilateral sensorineural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [174], 'end_char': [183]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [125]}}"
Anaphylactoid reactions with intraperitoneal cisplatin.,cisplatin,Anaphylactoid reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"CASE SUMMARIES: While conducting a protocol evaluating the efficacy of intraperitoneal cisplatin and hyperthermia in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer, 3 patients were noted to exhibit anaphylactoid reactions.",cisplatin,anaphylactoid reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [216]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a high dose combined with a short infusion time increases the risk of anaphylactoid reactions with the administration of intraperitoneal cisplatin.,cisplatin,anaphylactoid reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [167], 'end_char': [176]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [123]}}"
DISCUSSION: Anaphylactoid reactions have been described previously with cisplatin administration.,cisplatin,Anaphylactoid reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"During her third cycle, she again received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 over 30 minutes and developed palmar pruritus, urticaria, and edema.",cisplatin,100 mg/m2,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}}"
"During her third cycle, she again received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 over 30 minutes and developed palmar pruritus, urticaria, and edema.",cisplatin,edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [130]}}"
"During her third cycle, she again received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 over 30 minutes and developed palmar pruritus, urticaria, and edema.",cisplatin,palmar pruritus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [108]}}"
"During her third cycle, she again received cisplatin 100 mg/m2 over 30 minutes and developed palmar pruritus, urticaria, and edema.",cisplatin,urticaria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [119]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of anaphylactoid reactions to intraperitoneal cisplatin in 3 patients.,cisplatin,anaphylactoid reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [62]}}"
"We observed 5 reactions in 3 patients that appear to be related to a high dose-infusion time ratio, indicating that dose and rate of infusion may be important factors in precipitating anaphylactoid reactions with cisplatin.",cisplatin,anaphylactoid reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [213], 'end_char': [222]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [184], 'end_char': [207]}}"
Etoposide-related myocardial infarction.,Etoposide,myocardial infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"The occurrence of a myocardial infarction is reported after chemotherapy containing etoposide, in a man with no risk factors for coronary heart disease.",etoposide,myocardial infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [41]}}"
A 9-year-old boy developed acute renal failure following intravenous acyclovir (30 mg/kg per day) administered for 6 days to treat herpetic encephalitis.,acyclovir,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Acute renal failure in a child associated with acyclovir.,acyclovir,Acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy secondary to interferon alfa.,interferon alfa,Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [34]}}"
CONCLUSION: Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy may complicate treatment with interferon alfa.,interferon alfa,Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [46]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report the occurrence of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy as a complication of treatment with interferon alfa and to consider the possible underlying mechanisms for this association.,interferon alfa,anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [73]}}"
"PATIENTS: Two patients, ages 40 and 51 years, undergoing treatment with interferon alfa for malignant neoplasms experienced sudden bilateral, sequential visual loss with disc-related field defects and segmental optic disc edema.",interferon alfa,"sudden bilateral, sequential visual loss","{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [164]}}"
The interval between initiating treatment with interferon alfa and onset of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was similar to that of interferon-associated vascular retinopathy.,interferon alfa,anterior ischemic optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [110]}}"
The interval between initiating treatment with interferon alfa and onset of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was similar to that of interferon-associated vascular retinopathy.,interferon,vascular retinopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47, 134], 'end_char': [57, 144]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [156], 'end_char': [176]}}"
The authors describe a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome that occurred in a patient on amitriptyline and lithium carbonate.,amitriptyline,neuroleptic malignant syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [61]}}"
The authors describe a case of neuroleptic malignant syndrome that occurred in a patient on amitriptyline and lithium carbonate.,lithium carbonate,neuroleptic malignant syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [127]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [61]}}"
CASE SUMMARIES: Two patients with stable hypothyroidism experienced symptoms of hypothyroidism with increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations after switching from 1 levothyroxine product to another.,levothyroxine,increased serum thyroid-stimulating hormone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [188], 'end_char': [201]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [143]}}"
Evidence is shown in this report that adenosine was associated with dangerous worsening of arrhythmia in patients with atrial flutter.,adenosine,arrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [101]}}"
Life-threatening alterations in heart rate after the use of adenosine in atrial flutter.,adenosine,alterations in heart rate,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [69]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"Comparable adverse effects, such as disorientation and temporary amnesia, have been reported in patients in the analogous agent, propranolol.",propranolol,disorientation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [140]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"Comparable adverse effects, such as disorientation and temporary amnesia, have been reported in patients in the analogous agent, propranolol.",propranolol,temporary amnesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [140]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [72]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe a probable case of transient global amnesia caused by propafenone.,propafenone,transient global amnesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [66]}}"
Probable propafenone-induced transient global amnesia.,propafenone,transient global amnesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [53]}}"
A case of acute subdural haematoma originating spontaneously from an angiomatous meningioma in a patient receiving prophylactic aspirin therapy is presented.,aspirin,acute subdural haematoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [34]}}"
Intracranial haemorrhage from a meningioma in a patient receiving aspirin prophylaxis: a case report.,aspirin,Intracranial haemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Beneficial effect of low-dose mianserin on fluvoxamine-induced akathisia in an obsessive-compulsive patient.,fluvoxamine,akathisia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"Extrapyramidal side effects induced by some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i.e. fluoxetine and sertraline, have been previously reported in patients with depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).",fluoxetine,Extrapyramidal side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
"Extrapyramidal side effects induced by some selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i.e. fluoxetine and sertraline, have been previously reported in patients with depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).",sertraline,Extrapyramidal side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
"However, the occurrence and management of akathisia induced by fluvoxamine have not been described.",fluvoxamine,akathisia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"In the presented case fluvoxamine-induced akathisia in an OCD patient was partially resistant to the anticholinergic agent biperiden, and was successfully treated with the 5-HT2A/5-HT2C antagonist mianserin.",fluvoxamine,akathisia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"A 42 year old man, treated for testicular carcinoma with combination chemotherapy that included bleomycin, developed life threatening interstitial pneumonitis.",bleomycin,interstitial pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [134], 'end_char': [158]}}"
Severe bleomycin lung toxicity: reversal with high dose corticosteroids.,bleomycin,lung toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [30]}}"
This report suggests that bleomycin lung toxicity may be reversible if treated aggressively.,bleomycin,lung toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Reversal of gold-induced neutropenia with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF).,gold,neutropenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"We have successfully overcome severe neutropenia in an RA patient treated with gold salts, using granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), reducing the duration of neutropenia and risk of infection.",gold,severe neutropenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Arrhythmias and cardiac arrest have been reported during amphotericin B administration but no effective technique has been described to prevent them.,amphotericin B,Arrhythmias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
Arrhythmias and cardiac arrest have been reported during amphotericin B administration but no effective technique has been described to prevent them.,amphotericin B,cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Correction of serum electrolyte imbalance prevents cardiac arrhythmia during amphotericin B administration.,amphotericin B,cardiac arrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [69]}}"
I saw two patients with kala-azar resistant to sodium stibogluconate who developed cardiac arrest after amphotericin infusion (in spite of tolerating a test dose).,amphotericin,cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [97]}}"
We describe two cases that illustrate the use of lithium in the treatment of veterans with PTSD who complained of serious problems with irritability or angry outbursts.,lithium,angry outbursts,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [167]}}"
We describe two cases that illustrate the use of lithium in the treatment of veterans with PTSD who complained of serious problems with irritability or angry outbursts.,lithium,irritability,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [148]}}"
Graves' hyperthyroidism following transient thyrotoxicosis during interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis type C.,interferon,Graves' hyperthyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
Graves' hyperthyroidism following transient thyrotoxicosis during interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis type C.,interferon,transient thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [58]}}"
"This case showed sequential manifestation from transient thyrotoxicosis to the appearance of TSH-receptor autoantibodies, and then the occurrence of Graves' hyperthyroidism during IFN therapy.",IFN,Graves' hyperthyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [180], 'end_char': [183]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [172]}}"
We report a case of Graves' hyperthyroidism induced by long-term interferon (IFN) therapy.,IFN,Graves' hyperthyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [43]}}"
We report a case of Graves' hyperthyroidism induced by long-term interferon (IFN) therapy.,interferon,Graves' hyperthyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [43]}}"
"Acute INH neurotoxicity was not suspected on the first admission; however, when readmitted 4 weeks later with another seizure, the diagnosis of acute INH neurotoxicity was made.",INH,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6, 150], 'end_char': [9, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10, 154], 'end_char': [23, 167]}}"
"Acute INH neurotoxicity was not suspected on the first admission; however, when readmitted 4 weeks later with another seizure, the diagnosis of acute INH neurotoxicity was made.",INH,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6, 150], 'end_char': [9, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10, 154], 'end_char': [23, 167]}}"
Acute isoniazid neurotoxicity in an urban hospital.,isoniazid,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [15]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [29]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: We have seen an increased incidence of acute INH neurotoxicity because of the resurgence of TB in New York City.,INH,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [75]}}"
"In patients with a known access to INH, seizures should be considered to be caused by INH toxicity unless proved otherwise.",INH,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35, 86], 'end_char': [38, 89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [48]}}"
OBJECTIVES: To describe the presentation and treatment of acute isoniazid (INH) neurotoxicity appearing at an inner-city municipal hospital.,INH,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [93]}}"
OBJECTIVES: To describe the presentation and treatment of acute isoniazid (INH) neurotoxicity appearing at an inner-city municipal hospital.,isoniazid,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"Parenteral pyridoxine, the specific antidote for INH-induced refractory seizures, should be readily available in every emergency department in the areas similarly experiencing increasing trends of TB.",INH,refractory seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [80]}}"
"RESULTS: At our institution, no children appeared with acute INH neurotoxicity in the period 1985 through 1990, whereas seven patients were treated from 1991 through 1993.",INH,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [78]}}"
Arterial hypertension associated with topical ocular use of phenylephrine in dogs.,phenylephrine,Arterial hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
CONCLUSION: Squamous metaplasia in these cases appears to be a consequence of progestin therapy.,progestin,Squamous metaplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [31]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report the finding of squamous metaplasia within endometrial glands occurring as a result of progestin therapy of hyperplasia.,progestin,squamous metaplasia within endometrial glands,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [81]}}"
RESULTS: Extensive squamous metaplasia was found in endometrial glands following progestin therapy.,progestin,squamous metaplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Fever caused by the use of furosemide was proved; the fever resolved after discontinuation of this medication and recurred after its reintroduction.,furosemide,Fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [5]}}"
Furosemide-associated fever.,Furosemide,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [27]}}"
The dose-limiting toxicity of KW-2149 is pulmonary toxicity.,KW-2149,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [59]}}"
"Musculoskeletal complaints were the presenting symptoms in four of 44 children (9%) treated for relapsed Wilms' tumors with ifosfamide, a derivative of cyclophosphamide.",cyclophosphamide,Musculoskeletal complaints,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"Musculoskeletal complaints were the presenting symptoms in four of 44 children (9%) treated for relapsed Wilms' tumors with ifosfamide, a derivative of cyclophosphamide.",ifosfamide,Musculoskeletal complaints,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [134]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Recognition of a potential drug-induced Fanconi syndrome is important when managing pediatric oncology patients previously treated with ifosfamide.,ifosfamide,Fanconi syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [56]}}"
"Our cases constitute the most severe cases of benzarone hepatotoxicity reported so far, and comprise the first cases of (sub)fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis related to benzarone.",benzarone,cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 170], 'end_char': [55, 179]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"Our cases constitute the most severe cases of benzarone hepatotoxicity reported so far, and comprise the first cases of (sub)fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis related to benzarone.",benzarone,cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 170], 'end_char': [55, 179]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"Our cases constitute the most severe cases of benzarone hepatotoxicity reported so far, and comprise the first cases of (sub)fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis related to benzarone.",benzarone,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 170], 'end_char': [55, 179]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [70]}}"
"Our cases constitute the most severe cases of benzarone hepatotoxicity reported so far, and comprise the first cases of (sub)fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis related to benzarone.",benzarone,(sub)fulminant hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 170], 'end_char': [55, 179]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
"Our cases constitute the most severe cases of benzarone hepatotoxicity reported so far, and comprise the first cases of (sub)fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis related to benzarone.",benzarone,(sub)fulminant hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 170], 'end_char': [55, 179]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
Severe hepatotoxicity related to benzarone: a report of three cases with two fatalities.,benzarone,Severe hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
"We report three cases of severe hepatotoxicity related to benzarone, a benzofuran derivative.",benzarone,severe hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [46]}}"
"We stress the potential of benzarone to cause hepatotoxicity, which usually resembles severe chronic active hepatitis.",benzarone,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"We stress the potential of benzarone to cause hepatotoxicity, which usually resembles severe chronic active hepatitis.",benzarone,severe chronic active hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [117]}}"
Case study: a modified topical treatment regimen for sodium warfarin-induced necrotizing fasciitis.,warfarin,necrotizing fasciitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [98]}}"
"This case study describes an atypical case of refractory, sodium warfarin-induced necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis.",sodium warfarin,myonecrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [119]}}"
"This case study describes an atypical case of refractory, sodium warfarin-induced necrotizing fasciitis and myonecrosis.",sodium warfarin,necrotizing fasciitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"Clinicians who manage cachectic patients, particularly those with protracted diarrhoea and/or receiving anti-malarial drugs including mefloquine, should be aware of the risk of severe hypoglycaemia.",mefloquine,severe hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [134], 'end_char': [144]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [197]}}"
Mechanisms and triggering factors of hypoglycaemia induced by mefloquine and some other anti-malarial quinine analogues are discussed.,mefloquine,hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [50]}}"
Mefloquine-associated hypoglycaemia in a cachectic AIDS patient.,Mefloquine,hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"Quinine and its isomer quinidine are well-known causes of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, due to excessive insulin secretion.",quinidine,iatrogenic hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [82]}}"
"Quinine and its isomer quinidine are well-known causes of iatrogenic hypoglycaemia, due to excessive insulin secretion.",Quinine,iatrogenic hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [82]}}"
"We report a case of hypoglycaemia after mefloquine therapy (1,500 mg over two days) for severe gastrointestinal cryptosporidiasis in a cachectic AIDS patient with protracted diarrhoea.",mefloquine,hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [33]}}"
"Because sumatriptan can cause coronary artery vasospasm, patients with significant risk factors for coronary artery disease should be carefully evaluated for cardiovascular disease prior to the use of sumatriptan.",sumatriptan,coronary artery vasospasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [8, 201], 'end_char': [19, 212]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [55]}}"
Cardiac arrest following use of sumatriptan.,sumatriptan,Cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
I report a 35-year-old woman with occult coronary artery disease who experienced cardiac arrest within minutes after receiving a first-time dose of subcutaneous sumatriptan for migraine.,sumatriptan,cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [161], 'end_char': [172]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [95]}}"
Sotalol-induced bradycardia reversed by glucagon.,Sotalol,bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [27]}}"
We present a case of sotalol-induced bradycardia reversed by glucagon.,sotalol,bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Secretory endometrial adenocarcinoma in a patient on tamoxifen for breast cancer: a report of a case.,tamoxifen,Secretory endometrial adenocarcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [36]}}"
This unusual pattern of low-grade endometrial carcinoma adds to the spectrum of uterine neoplasia associated with tamoxifen therapy.,tamoxifen,low-grade endometrial carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [55]}}"
This unusual pattern of low-grade endometrial carcinoma adds to the spectrum of uterine neoplasia associated with tamoxifen therapy.,tamoxifen,uterine neoplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [97]}}"
We believe that this is the first report of secretory carcinoma of the endometrium associated with tamoxifen use.,tamoxifen,secretory carcinoma of the endometrium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [82]}}"
Well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma of the secretory type (FIGO Grade 1) with minimal myometrial invasion occurred in a postmenopausal patient on tamoxifen therapy 5 years after mastectomy for breast carcinoma.,tamoxifen,endometrial adenocarcinoma of the secretory type,"{'drug': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [166]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Esophageal candidiasis following omeprazole therapy: a report of two cases.,omeprazole,Esophageal candidiasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Esophageal candidiasis was diagnosed at endoscopy in two patients receiving omeprazole therapy.,omeprazole,Esophageal candidiasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
High-grade atrioventricular block during dipyridamole stress testing.,dipyridamole,High-grade atrioventricular block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [33]}}"
We present a case in which dipyridamole induced high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block that responded promptly to intravenous aminophylline but not to atropine.,dipyridamole,high-grade atrioventricular (AV) block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
Aggressive management of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy associated with 'low' doses of doxorubicin.,doxorubicin,cardiomyopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25, 91], 'end_char': [36, 102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [59]}}"
Aggressive management of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy associated with 'low' doses of doxorubicin.,doxorubicin,cardiomyopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25, 91], 'end_char': [36, 102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [59]}}"
There is a dose-effect relationship between doxorubicin and the incidence of symptomatic cardiac failure.,doxorubicin,symptomatic cardiac failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [104]}}"
Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and endometriosis developing in a postmenopausal breast cancer patient during tamoxifen therapy: a case report and review of the literature.,tamoxifen,endometriosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [118]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and endometriosis developing in a postmenopausal breast cancer patient during tamoxifen therapy: a case report and review of the literature.,tamoxifen,Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [118]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
The association with prolonged unopposed estrogen-like stimulation with tamoxifen as a possible factor in the development of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma is discussed.,tamoxifen,ovarian endometrioid carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [155]}}"
We present the first case of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and endometriosis in a postmenopausal patient who was treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer.,tamoxifen,endometriosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [77]}}"
We present the first case of ovarian endometrioid carcinoma and endometriosis in a postmenopausal patient who was treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer.,tamoxifen,ovarian endometrioid carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [59]}}"
Cerebral demyelinating disease developed in a patient during adjuvant therapy with levamisole for malignant melanoma.,levamisole,Cerebral demyelinating disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy associated with levamisole therapy.,levamisole,Multifocal inflammatory leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [43]}}"
Observations in our patient suggest that the leukoencephalopathy that developed in previously reported patients who received 5-fluorouracil and levamisole may have been caused at least partly by levamisole.,5-fluorouracil,leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [64]}}"
Observations in our patient suggest that the leukoencephalopathy that developed in previously reported patients who received 5-fluorouracil and levamisole may have been caused at least partly by levamisole.,levamisole,leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144, 195], 'end_char': [154, 205]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [64]}}"
Observations in our patient suggest that the leukoencephalopathy that developed in previously reported patients who received 5-fluorouracil and levamisole may have been caused at least partly by levamisole.,levamisole,leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144, 195], 'end_char': [154, 205]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [64]}}"
A case of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema by ethanolamine oleate.,ethanolamine oleate,noncardiogenic pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"However, EO-induced noncardiogenic pulmonary edema has not been reported in human.",EO,noncardiogenic pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [50]}}"
We report a case of noncardiogenic pulmonary edema developed after therapeutic trial of EO as sclerosing agent for esophageal varix.,EO,noncardiogenic pulmonary edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [50]}}"
Five patients are described in whom only gentamicin sulfate appeared responsible for acute renal failure.,gentamicin sulfate,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [104]}}"
Gentamicin-associated acute renal failure.,Gentamicin,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"Renal failure appeared 8 to 17 days after beginning gentamicin therapy and was characterized by creatinine clearances 4 to 10 ml/min, urine to plasma creatinine ratios less than 20, urinary sodium concentrations 16 to 60 mEq/liter, proteinuria, and cylindruria.",gentamicin,Renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
A 15-year follow-up of phenytoin-induced unilateral gingival hyperplasia: a case report.,phenytoin,unilateral gingival hyperplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [72]}}"
INTRODUCTION-The aim of this case report is to present a 15-year follow-up of a patient with phenytoin (PHT) intoxication with unilateral gingival hyperplasia (GH).,phenytoin,unilateral gingival hyperplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [158]}}"
INTRODUCTION-The aim of this case report is to present a 15-year follow-up of a patient with phenytoin (PHT) intoxication with unilateral gingival hyperplasia (GH).,PHT,unilateral gingival hyperplasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [107]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"We report a case of generalized cutaneous sclerosis associated with muscle and oesophageal involvement in a patient exposed to herbicides containing bromocil, diuron and aminotriazole.",aminotriazole,generalized cutaneous sclerosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [170], 'end_char': [183]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"We report a case of generalized cutaneous sclerosis associated with muscle and oesophageal involvement in a patient exposed to herbicides containing bromocil, diuron and aminotriazole.",bromocil,generalized cutaneous sclerosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [157]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"We report a case of generalized cutaneous sclerosis associated with muscle and oesophageal involvement in a patient exposed to herbicides containing bromocil, diuron and aminotriazole.",diuron,generalized cutaneous sclerosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [165]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [51]}}"
Albuterol-induced hypokalemia and its potential cardiac toxicity are discussed briefly.,Albuterol,cardiac toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [64]}}"
Albuterol-induced hypokalemia and its potential cardiac toxicity are discussed briefly.,Albuterol,hypokalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Hypokalemia after normal doses of neubulized albuterol (salbutamol).,albuterol,Hypokalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
Hypokalemia after normal doses of neubulized albuterol (salbutamol).,salbutamol,Hypokalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
The cases of two asthmatic patients who became hypokalemic after inhalation of normal doses of albuterol are presented.,albuterol,hypokalemic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [58]}}"
Propoxyphene-induced wide complex dysrhythmia responsive to sodium bicarbonate therapy has not been previously reported in the literature.,Propoxyphene,wide complex dysrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [45]}}"
Propoxyphene-induced wide QRS complex dysrhythmia responsive to sodium bicarbonate--a case report.,Propoxyphene,wide QRS complex dysrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Case report: mannitol nephrotoxicity syndrome: role of hemodialysis and postulate of mechanisms.,mannitol,nephrotoxicity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [45]}}"
Hemodialysis should be performed for rapid reversal of mannitol-induced ARF.,mannitol,ARF,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [75]}}"
High-dose intravenous mannitol infusion in various clinical settings may result in acute renal failure (ARF).,mannitol,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [102]}}"
High-dose intravenous mannitol infusion in various clinical settings may result in acute renal failure (ARF).,mannitol,ARF,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [107]}}"
Mannitol-induced ARF responds promptly to hemodialysis with rapid resolution of anuria and recovery of renal failure.,Mannitol,ARF,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [20]}}"
The literature is also reviewed for ARF associated with mannitol infusion in patients who received dialysis and those who did not receive dialysis; and the possible mechanism(s) of mannitol nephrotoxicity are discussed.,mannitol,ARF,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56, 181], 'end_char': [64, 189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [39]}}"
The literature is also reviewed for ARF associated with mannitol infusion in patients who received dialysis and those who did not receive dialysis; and the possible mechanism(s) of mannitol nephrotoxicity are discussed.,mannitol,nephrotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56, 181], 'end_char': [64, 189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [204]}}"
This is a report of a case of anuric ARF after high-dose mannitol infusion for treatment of narrow-angle glaucoma that readily responded to acute hemodialysis.,mannitol,anuric ARF,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}}"
Two patients with extrapyramidal side effects after the use of fluphenazine decanoate were evaluated by means of IBZM-SPECT.,fluphenazine decanoate,extrapyramidal side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [45]}}"
Flumazenil reversal of benzodiazepine-induced sedation for a patient with severe pre-ECT anxiety.,benzodiazepine,sedation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [54]}}"
"CASE SUMMARY: A 68-year-old woman developed a dry, irritating cough within one month of starting quinapril therapy for the treatment of essential hypertension.",quinapril,irritating cough,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Cough induced by quinapril with resolution after changing to fosinopril.,quinapril,Cough,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [5]}}"
"OBJECTIVE: To report a case of chronic, nonproductive cough secondary to the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor quinapril, with complete resolution after switching to another ACE inhibitor, fosinopril.",quinapril,cough,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [132]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [59]}}"
The cough continued for the duration of therapy with quinapril.,quinapril,cough,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [9]}}"
"We report a case of cough following the administration of quinapril, with complete resolution after changing to the alternative ACE inhibitor fosinopril in a patient with essential hypertension.",quinapril,cough,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"Fracture of the femoral neck occurred in one patient during PSL therapy, although the relationship between the fracture and PSL therapy was uncertain.",PSL,Fracture of the femoral neck,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60, 124], 'end_char': [63, 127]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Cefuroxime-induced acute renal failure.,Cefuroxime,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [38]}}"
"In our patient, DIAN possibly was related to cefuroxime, but the patient did not experience associated allergic symptoms.",cefuroxime,DIAN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [20]}}"
The diagnosis was supported by the temporal course of renal deterioration during exposure to cefuroxime and improvement on its discontinuation; the pattern repeated with rechallenge.,cefuroxime,renal deterioration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [73]}}"
This is the first reported case of suspected DIAN due to cefuroxime.,cefuroxime,DIAN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [49]}}"
A case of basilar invagination which is thought to have arisen from the patient's intrauterine exposure to phenytoin is presented.,phenytoin,basilar invagination,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Basilar invagination and mid-line skeletal abnormalities due to in utero exposure to phenytoin.,phenytoin,Basilar invagination,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Basilar invagination and mid-line skeletal abnormalities due to in utero exposure to phenytoin.,phenytoin,mid-line skeletal abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [56]}}"
His symptoms of brain stem compression were alleviated and the role of phenytoin in the production of his craniocervical abnormality is discussed.,phenytoin,craniocervical abnormality,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [132]}}"
Temporary neurologic abnormalities were observed in one out of 23 patients undergoing chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) for osteogenic sarcoma.,methotrexate,Temporary neurologic abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [34]}}"
"This patient developed sequential symptoms including alternative hemiparesis, dysarthria and altered consciousness 5 days after the second course of HD-MTX (8 gm/m2 by 6 h continuous infusion) with leucovorin rescue.",HD-MTX,altered consciousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [114]}}"
"This patient developed sequential symptoms including alternative hemiparesis, dysarthria and altered consciousness 5 days after the second course of HD-MTX (8 gm/m2 by 6 h continuous infusion) with leucovorin rescue.",HD-MTX,dysarthria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [88]}}"
"This patient developed sequential symptoms including alternative hemiparesis, dysarthria and altered consciousness 5 days after the second course of HD-MTX (8 gm/m2 by 6 h continuous infusion) with leucovorin rescue.",HD-MTX,hemiparesis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Transient neurological disturbances induced by the chemotherapy of high-dose methotrexate for osteogenic sarcoma.,methotrexate,Transient neurological disturbances,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"We report a 5-year-old boy with CF who had a stricture of the hepatic flexure region with associated narrowing due to submucosal fibrosis of the transverse colon, secondary to high-lipase pancreatin therapy.",high-lipase pancreatin,stricture of the hepatic flexure region with associated narrowing,"{'drug': {'start_char': [176], 'end_char': [198]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [110]}}"
"We report a 5-year-old boy with CF who had a stricture of the hepatic flexure region with associated narrowing due to submucosal fibrosis of the transverse colon, secondary to high-lipase pancreatin therapy.",high-lipase pancreatin,submucosal fibrosis of the transverse colon,"{'drug': {'start_char': [176], 'end_char': [198]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [161]}}"
Acute pancreatitis associated with danazol treatment for endometriosis.,danazol,Acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"Additionally, danazol produces hepatocellular damage in approximately 10% of women.",danazol,hepatocellular damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Hypo-oestrogenic and anabolic/androgenic side-effects of danazol are well known by the gynaecologist and some of them are present in > 50% of patients being treated for endometriosis.,danazol,Hypo-oestrogenic and anabolic/androgenic side-effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [53]}}"
The present report describes the first case of acute pancreatitis associated with danazol treatment of endometriosis.,danazol,acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [65]}}"
Acyclovir neurotoxicity: clinical experience and review of the literature.,Acyclovir,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [23]}}"
Acyclovir produces neurologic symptoms that resemble extension of viral infection into the central nervous system.,Acyclovir,neurologic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [38]}}"
"Systemic disease, most commonly renal dysfunction, preceded all 30 reported cases of acyclovir neurotoxicity.",acyclovir,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [108]}}"
We discuss our observations in the cases of two patients with acyclovir neurotoxicity and review the findings of all previous reports in the English language literature.,acyclovir,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [85]}}"
Response of a promethazine-induced coma to flumazenil.,promethazine,coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [39]}}"
We report the first case of a patient in a promethazine-induced coma responding to treatment with flumazenil.,promethazine,coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Amebic abscess of the spleen complicated by metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity: case report.,metronidazole,Amebic abscess of the spleen,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Amebic abscess of the spleen complicated by metronidazole-induced neurotoxicity: case report.,metronidazole,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [79]}}"
"We describe a patient with a liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica, in whom metronidazole therapy (total dose, 21 g over 14 days) was complicated by reversible deafness, tinnitus, and ataxia and who relapsed 5 months later with a splenic abscess.",metronidazole,ataxia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [189], 'end_char': [195]}}"
"We describe a patient with a liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica, in whom metronidazole therapy (total dose, 21 g over 14 days) was complicated by reversible deafness, tinnitus, and ataxia and who relapsed 5 months later with a splenic abscess.",metronidazole,liver abscess,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"We describe a patient with a liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica, in whom metronidazole therapy (total dose, 21 g over 14 days) was complicated by reversible deafness, tinnitus, and ataxia and who relapsed 5 months later with a splenic abscess.",metronidazole,reversible deafness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [154], 'end_char': [173]}}"
"We describe a patient with a liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica, in whom metronidazole therapy (total dose, 21 g over 14 days) was complicated by reversible deafness, tinnitus, and ataxia and who relapsed 5 months later with a splenic abscess.",metronidazole,splenic abscess,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [235], 'end_char': [250]}}"
"We describe a patient with a liver abscess due to Entamoeba histolytica, in whom metronidazole therapy (total dose, 21 g over 14 days) was complicated by reversible deafness, tinnitus, and ataxia and who relapsed 5 months later with a splenic abscess.",metronidazole,tinnitus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [175], 'end_char': [183]}}"
Actinomycin D associated hepatic veno-occlusive disease--a report of 2 cases.,Actinomycin D,hepatic veno-occlusive disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [55]}}"
There are now reports of liver failure following treatment of childhood cancers with AMD.,AMD,liver failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Phenylpropanolamine-induced psychosis.,Phenylpropanolamine,psychosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [37]}}"
We report a cae of paranoid psychosis following use of a decongestant containing PPA and summarize the case report literature of psychiatric adverse effects to PPA in which doses were known and stated to be within recommended guidelines.,PPA,paranoid psychosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81, 160], 'end_char': [84, 163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [37]}}"
We report a cae of paranoid psychosis following use of a decongestant containing PPA and summarize the case report literature of psychiatric adverse effects to PPA in which doses were known and stated to be within recommended guidelines.,PPA,psychiatric adverse effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81, 160], 'end_char': [84, 163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [156]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: Although budesonide may be beneficial because of its anti-inflammatory effects, clinicians should be alert to its potential for causing contact dermatitis.",budesonide,contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [167]}}"
Contact dermatitis due to budesonide: report of five cases and review of the Japanese literature.,budesonide,Contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"METHODS: Five cases of contact dermatitis due to budesonide, a nonhalogenated steroid, are described.",budesonide,contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [41]}}"
RESULTS: Budesonide use can cause contact dermatitis.,Budesonide,contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"Although other nitrites induce methemoglobinemia, exposure to methyl nitrite during phenylpropanolamine production appears to be a new cause of occupational methemoglobinemia.",methyl nitrite,methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31, 157], 'end_char': [48, 174]}}"
"Although other nitrites induce methemoglobinemia, exposure to methyl nitrite during phenylpropanolamine production appears to be a new cause of occupational methemoglobinemia.",methyl nitrite,methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31, 157], 'end_char': [48, 174]}}"
Methemoglobinemia: an occupational hazard of phenylpropanolamine production.,phenylpropanolamine,Methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
During and after IFN therapy we should consider the possibility of occurrence of IDDM as well as other autoimmune diseases and observe the clinical course carefully.,IFN,IDDM,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"Four years after the beginning of IFN therapy, he acutely developed moderate hyperglycemia and severe ketonuria with positive islet cell antibody, and then 28 units/day of insulin injection was started.",IFN,moderate hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [90]}}"
"Four years after the beginning of IFN therapy, he acutely developed moderate hyperglycemia and severe ketonuria with positive islet cell antibody, and then 28 units/day of insulin injection was started.",IFN,severe ketonuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [111]}}"
Occurrence of IDDM during interferon therapy for chronic viral hepatitis.,interferon,IDDM,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [18]}}"
We report a case of IDDM which occurred during interferon therapy for chronic hepatitis.,interferon,IDDM,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Four patients who manifested symptoms of the antiepileptic drug (AED) hypersensitivity syndrome during therapy with carbamazepine are reported.,carbamazepine,hypersensitivity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [129]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [95]}}"
Recurrent hypotension immediately after seizures in nortriptyline overdose.,nortriptyline,Recurrent hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
Recurrent hypotension immediately after seizures in nortriptyline overdose.,nortriptyline,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [48]}}"
The use of methotrexate (MTX) has been contraindicated for treatment of severe psoriasis in HIV infection on the basis of six previously reported cases in which MTX appeared to potentiate opportunistic infections and accelerate HIV disease.,methotrexate,accelerate HIV disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [23]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [217], 'end_char': [239]}}"
The use of methotrexate (MTX) has been contraindicated for treatment of severe psoriasis in HIV infection on the basis of six previously reported cases in which MTX appeared to potentiate opportunistic infections and accelerate HIV disease.,MTX,accelerate HIV disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25, 161], 'end_char': [28, 164]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [217], 'end_char': [239]}}"
The use of methotrexate (MTX) has been contraindicated for treatment of severe psoriasis in HIV infection on the basis of six previously reported cases in which MTX appeared to potentiate opportunistic infections and accelerate HIV disease.,MTX,accelerate HIV disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25, 161], 'end_char': [28, 164]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [217], 'end_char': [239]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: This case describes the clinically significant increase of INR in an elderly patient after adding a chemotherapy regimen of levamisole and 5-FU to a previous regimen of warfarin alone.,5-FU,increase of INR,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [156]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [75]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: This case describes the clinically significant increase of INR in an elderly patient after adding a chemotherapy regimen of levamisole and 5-FU to a previous regimen of warfarin alone.,levamisole,increase of INR,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [147]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [75]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: This case describes the clinically significant increase of INR in an elderly patient after adding a chemotherapy regimen of levamisole and 5-FU to a previous regimen of warfarin alone.,warfarin,increase of INR,"{'drug': {'start_char': [182], 'end_char': [190]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [75]}}"
"However, prolongation of 5-FU half-life and an increase in INR have been reported with the concurrent use of 5-FU and warfarin.",5-FU,increase in INR,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25, 109], 'end_char': [29, 113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [62]}}"
"However, prolongation of 5-FU half-life and an increase in INR have been reported with the concurrent use of 5-FU and warfarin.",warfarin,increase in INR,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [62]}}"
Cholestatic liver disease with ductopenia (vanishing bile duct syndrome) after administration of clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,clindamycin,Cholestatic liver disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
Cholestatic liver disease with ductopenia (vanishing bile duct syndrome) after administration of clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,Cholestatic liver disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
Cholestatic liver disease with ductopenia (vanishing bile duct syndrome) after administration of clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,clindamycin,ductopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Cholestatic liver disease with ductopenia (vanishing bile duct syndrome) after administration of clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,ductopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Cholestatic liver disease with ductopenia (vanishing bile duct syndrome) after administration of clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,clindamycin,vanishing bile duct syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Cholestatic liver disease with ductopenia (vanishing bile duct syndrome) after administration of clindamycin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,vanishing bile duct syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [71]}}"
"One patient who received clindamycin had liver biopsy findings of marked cholestasis, portal inflammation, bile duct injury and bile duct paucity (ductopenia).",clindamycin,bile duct injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [123]}}"
"One patient who received clindamycin had liver biopsy findings of marked cholestasis, portal inflammation, bile duct injury and bile duct paucity (ductopenia).",clindamycin,bile duct paucity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [128], 'end_char': [145]}}"
"One patient who received clindamycin had liver biopsy findings of marked cholestasis, portal inflammation, bile duct injury and bile duct paucity (ductopenia).",clindamycin,ductopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [157]}}"
"One patient who received clindamycin had liver biopsy findings of marked cholestasis, portal inflammation, bile duct injury and bile duct paucity (ductopenia).",clindamycin,marked cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"One patient who received clindamycin had liver biopsy findings of marked cholestasis, portal inflammation, bile duct injury and bile duct paucity (ductopenia).",clindamycin,portal inflammation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"The second patient, who developed cholestasis after receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, had marked duct paucity in the liver biopsy.",trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [45]}}"
"The second patient, who developed cholestasis after receiving trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, had marked duct paucity in the liver biopsy.",trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,duct paucity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [116]}}"
"This is the first description, to our knowledge, of ductopenia apparently caused by clindamycin.",clindamycin,ductopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [62]}}"
"Three years later, treatment with ampicillin caused another episode of cholestatic hepatitis with cholestasis and duct paucity on rebiopsy.",ampicillin,cholestasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [109]}}"
"Three years later, treatment with ampicillin caused another episode of cholestatic hepatitis with cholestasis and duct paucity on rebiopsy.",ampicillin,cholestatic hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [92]}}"
"Three years later, treatment with ampicillin caused another episode of cholestatic hepatitis with cholestasis and duct paucity on rebiopsy.",ampicillin,duct paucity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [126]}}"
"METHODS: A patient who developed dramatic, permanent vision loss after a 9-month course of treatment with ethambutol and isoniazid for pulmonary tuberculosis is presented.",ethambutol,vision loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"METHODS: A patient who developed dramatic, permanent vision loss after a 9-month course of treatment with ethambutol and isoniazid for pulmonary tuberculosis is presented.",isoniazid,vision loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"RESULTS: Ethambutol, and to a lesser extent isoniazid, are both implicated in the development of visually related side effects.",Ethambutol,development of visually related side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [126]}}"
"RESULTS: Ethambutol, and to a lesser extent isoniazid, are both implicated in the development of visually related side effects.",isoniazid,development of visually related side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [126]}}"
There is documentation of ocular toxicity with ethambutol when administered at dosages generally pronounced as being safe.,ethambutol,ocular toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Toxic optic neuropathy associated with ethambutol: implications for current therapy.,ethambutol,Toxic optic neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Currently the use of zidovudine is one of the few specific measures available, and as a potentially teratogenic and fetotoxic agent, any decision for its use requires evaluation of the potential for fetal damage.",zidovudine,fetal damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [199], 'end_char': [211]}}"
"Currently the use of zidovudine is one of the few specific measures available, and as a potentially teratogenic and fetotoxic agent, any decision for its use requires evaluation of the potential for fetal damage.",zidovudine,fetotoxic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [125]}}"
"Currently the use of zidovudine is one of the few specific measures available, and as a potentially teratogenic and fetotoxic agent, any decision for its use requires evaluation of the potential for fetal damage.",zidovudine,teratogenic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"In a series of 104 cases of intentional or inadvertent use of zidovudine at differing gestations in pregnancy, there were eight spontaneous first trimester abortions, eight therapeutic terminations, and eight cases of fetal abnormality occurring among a total of 88 cases where the pregnancy progressed.",zidovudine,fetal abnormality,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [218], 'end_char': [235]}}"
"In a series of 104 cases of intentional or inadvertent use of zidovudine at differing gestations in pregnancy, there were eight spontaneous first trimester abortions, eight therapeutic terminations, and eight cases of fetal abnormality occurring among a total of 88 cases where the pregnancy progressed.",zidovudine,first trimester abortions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [165]}}"
Zidovudine use in pregnancy: a report on 104 cases and the occurrence of birth defects.,Zidovudine,birth defects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [86]}}"
Celiprolol pneumonitis.,Celiprolol,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Inadvertent subsequent rechallenge with celiprolol led to recurrence of the pneumonitis, 10 weeks after drug readministration.",celiprolol,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [87]}}"
"We report on a patient who developed hypersensitivity pneumonitis during treatment with the beta-blocker, celiprolol.",celiprolol,hypersensitivity pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [65]}}"
Ibopamine-induced reversible leukopenia during treatment for congestive heart failure.,Ibopamine,leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Reversible leukopenia was documented in an 81-year-old woman treated with adjunctive ibopamine 100 mg t.i.d. for chronic congestive heart failure.,ibopamine,Reversible leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
Diphenylhydantoin apparently adversely affected both the clinical and biochemical parameters of the acute intermittent porphyria.,Diphenylhydantoin,acute intermittent porphyria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [128]}}"
Significant clinical improvement of the porphyria followed withdrawal of the diphenylhydantoin.,diphenylhydantoin,porphyria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [49]}}"
"A 53-year-old male, without any prior history of psychosis, developed schizophrenia 4 days after starting low-dose bromocriptine therapy for a macroprolactinoma.",bromocriptine,schizophrenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Bromocriptine-induced schizophrenia.,Bromocriptine,schizophrenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Concurrent acute megaloblastic anaemia and pneumonitis: a severe side-effect of low-dose methotrexate therapy during rheumatoid arthritis.,methotrexate,Concurrent acute megaloblastic anaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Concurrent acute megaloblastic anaemia and pneumonitis: a severe side-effect of low-dose methotrexate therapy during rheumatoid arthritis.,methotrexate,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [54]}}"
"In a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, we report the first simultaneous occurrence of two side effects of low-dose methotrexate: an acute megaloblastic anaemia and a pneumonitis.",methotrexate,acute megaloblastic anaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [138]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [170]}}"
"In a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis, we report the first simultaneous occurrence of two side effects of low-dose methotrexate: an acute megaloblastic anaemia and a pneumonitis.",methotrexate,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [138]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [188]}}"
"An 11-year-old boy who was treated with a relatively high dose of methotrimeprazine meleate (Levemepromazine) a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit suffering from respiratory distress syndrome.",Levemepromazine,respiratory distress syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [211], 'end_char': [240]}}"
"An 11-year-old boy who was treated with a relatively high dose of methotrimeprazine meleate (Levemepromazine) a phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, was admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit suffering from respiratory distress syndrome.",methotrimeprazine meleate,respiratory distress syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [211], 'end_char': [240]}}"
The association of phenothiazine overdose and respiratory distress syndrome merits consideration.,phenothiazine,respiratory distress syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [75]}}"
"In two patients, apomorphine remained effective in the morning, but increased the intensity of the dyskinesias in the afternoon.",apomorphine,dyskinesias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [110]}}"
"We report on three observations of parkinsonian patients with levo-dopa-induced diphasic dyskinesias, who received subcutaneous apomorphine to reduce the duration of abnormal movements.",levo-dopa,diphasic dyskinesias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [100]}}"
Fulminant hepatitis with severe lactate acidosis in HIV-infected patients on didanosine therapy.,didanosine,Fulminant hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Fulminant hepatitis with severe lactate acidosis in HIV-infected patients on didanosine therapy.,didanosine,severe lactate acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [48]}}"
This prompted us to suspect that ddI might be responsible for fulminant hepatitis in all three AIDS patients.,ddI,fulminant hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [81]}}"
We report two cases of fulminant hepatic failure in HIV-1-infected patients treated with didanosine (ddI).,ddI,fulminant hepatic failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [48]}}"
We report two cases of fulminant hepatic failure in HIV-1-infected patients treated with didanosine (ddI).,didanosine,fulminant hepatic failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Generalized argyria after habitual use of AgNO3.,AgNO3,Generalized argyria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"A case of fluoxetine induced seizures, in a person with Down syndrome, is described.",fluoxetine,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [20]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [37]}}"
Seizures associated with fluoxetine therapy are uncommon.,fluoxetine,Seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
Seizures associated with fluoxetine therapy.,fluoxetine,Seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
"Although fluoxetine-induced headache occurred in one patient, the other five reported no side effects at the doses used.",fluoxetine,headache,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"Sodium valproate and carbamazepine, antiepileptic drugs that are associated with a relatively low rate of adverse cutaneous reactions, should be added to the growing list of drugs that produce psoriasiform eruptions.",carbamazepine,psoriasiform eruptions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [215]}}"
"Sodium valproate and carbamazepine, antiepileptic drugs that are associated with a relatively low rate of adverse cutaneous reactions, should be added to the growing list of drugs that produce psoriasiform eruptions.",Sodium valproate,psoriasiform eruptions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [215]}}"
We present findings from three patients who experienced a psoriasiform eruption apparently due to the antiepileptic agents sodium valproate and carbamazepine.,carbamazepine,psoriasiform eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [157]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [79]}}"
We present findings from three patients who experienced a psoriasiform eruption apparently due to the antiepileptic agents sodium valproate and carbamazepine.,sodium valproate,psoriasiform eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [79]}}"
Severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis induced by carmustine (BCNU).,BCNU,Severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis induced by carmustine (BCNU).,carmustine,Severe diffuse interstitial pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [39]}}"
We report a fatal case of acute interstitial pneumonitis in a patient treated with carmustine (BCNU) for a brain tumor.,BCNU,fatal case of acute interstitial pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [56]}}"
We report a fatal case of acute interstitial pneumonitis in a patient treated with carmustine (BCNU) for a brain tumor.,carmustine,fatal case of acute interstitial pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [56]}}"
A 78-year-old man with a transvenous cardioverter defibrillator system developed frequent shocks during oral procainamide therapy.,procainamide,shocks,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [96]}}"
Electrical proarrhythmia with procainamide: a new ICD-drug interaction.,procainamide,Electrical proarrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"The failure of therapy with disopyramide and mexiletine to reproduce this observation suggests either a previously unreported electrophysiologic effect of, or idiosyncratic response to, procainamide.",procainamide,electrophysiologic effect,"{'drug': {'start_char': [186], 'end_char': [198]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [151]}}"
"Based on our experience and on previously published data, serum ammonia levels appear to be indicated in all ED patients on valproic acid therapy who present with altered mental status.",valproic acid,altered mental status,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [163], 'end_char': [184]}}"
Hyperammonemia has been described as a complication of valproic acid therapy but may often be overlooked as a cause of lethargy in the postictal patient who presents to the emergency department.,valproic acid,Hyperammonemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
Hyperammonemia has been described as a complication of valproic acid therapy but may often be overlooked as a cause of lethargy in the postictal patient who presents to the emergency department.,valproic acid,lethargy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [127]}}"
Hyperammonemia secondary to valproic acid as a cause of lethargy in a postictal patient.,valproic acid,Hyperammonemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
Hyperammonemia secondary to valproic acid as a cause of lethargy in a postictal patient.,valproic acid,lethargy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"We present the case of a postictal patient with lethargy, hyperammonemia, otherwise normal liver function tests, and a therapeutic valproic acid level.",valproic acid,hyperammonemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [144]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"We present the case of a postictal patient with lethargy, hyperammonemia, otherwise normal liver function tests, and a therapeutic valproic acid level.",valproic acid,lethargy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [144]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [56]}}"
Central nervous system toxicity associated with meperidine use in hepatic disease.,meperidine,Central nervous system toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [58]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"In patients with cirrhosis, the metabolism of meperidine is decreased, leading to accumulation of the parent drug and possible CNS depressive effects similar to hepatic encephalopathy.",meperidine,accumulation of the parent drug,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [113]}}"
"In patients with cirrhosis, the metabolism of meperidine is decreased, leading to accumulation of the parent drug and possible CNS depressive effects similar to hepatic encephalopathy.",meperidine,CNS depressive effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [149]}}"
Meperidine-associated central nervous system (CNS) excitatory toxicities are believed to be caused by accumulation of the active metabolite normeperidine.,Meperidine,accumulation of the active metabolite normeperidine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [153]}}"
Meperidine-associated central nervous system (CNS) excitatory toxicities are believed to be caused by accumulation of the active metabolite normeperidine.,Meperidine,central nervous system (CNS) excitatory toxicities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
"She received an accidental 450-mg bolus injection of morphine intrathecally and developed hypertension, status epilepticus, intracerebral hemorrhage, and respiratory failure.",morphine,hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"She received an accidental 450-mg bolus injection of morphine intrathecally and developed hypertension, status epilepticus, intracerebral hemorrhage, and respiratory failure.",morphine,intracerebral hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [148]}}"
"She received an accidental 450-mg bolus injection of morphine intrathecally and developed hypertension, status epilepticus, intracerebral hemorrhage, and respiratory failure.",morphine,respiratory failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [154], 'end_char': [173]}}"
"She received an accidental 450-mg bolus injection of morphine intrathecally and developed hypertension, status epilepticus, intracerebral hemorrhage, and respiratory failure.",morphine,status epilepticus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [122]}}"
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating agent that has been recently associated with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).,Mitomycin C,hemolytic-uremic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [109]}}"
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating agent that has been recently associated with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).,MMC,hemolytic-uremic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [109]}}"
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating agent that has been recently associated with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).,Mitomycin C,HUS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Mitomycin C (MMC) is an alkylating agent that has been recently associated with the hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS).,MMC,HUS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Pulmonary hemorrhage as a clinical manifestation of hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with mitomycin C therapy.,mitomycin C,hemolytic-uremic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [77]}}"
Pulmonary hemorrhage as a clinical manifestation of hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with mitomycin C therapy.,mitomycin C,Pulmonary hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
"Pulmonary hemorrhage is an uncommon feature in the HUS, and seems to appear especially in the HUS associated with MMC therapy.",MMC,HUS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51, 94], 'end_char': [54, 97]}}"
"Pulmonary hemorrhage is an uncommon feature in the HUS, and seems to appear especially in the HUS associated with MMC therapy.",MMC,HUS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51, 94], 'end_char': [54, 97]}}"
"Pulmonary hemorrhage is an uncommon feature in the HUS, and seems to appear especially in the HUS associated with MMC therapy.",MMC,Pulmonary hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
We describe two women who developed HUS after MMC therapy and presented massive pulmonary bleeding.,MMC,HUS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [39]}}"
We describe two women who developed HUS after MMC therapy and presented massive pulmonary bleeding.,MMC,massive pulmonary bleeding,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [98]}}"
Clonidine-induced bradycardia in patients with spinal cord injury.,Clonidine,bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}}"
"Possible mechanisms by which clonidine decreases spasticity are described, probable mechanisms of induced bradycardia are reviewed, and specific treatment recommendations for the use of clonidine in spinal cord injured patients are presented.",clonidine,bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29, 186], 'end_char': [38, 195]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [117]}}"
"Possible mechanisms by which clonidine decreases spasticity are described, probable mechanisms of induced bradycardia are reviewed, and specific treatment recommendations for the use of clonidine in spinal cord injured patients are presented.",clonidine,bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29, 186], 'end_char': [38, 195]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [117]}}"
"Though hypotension, dry mouth, and constipation are well-documented possible adverse effects, the possibility of clonidine-induced bradycardia is less well recognized and is rare.",clonidine,bradycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [142]}}"
"Though hypotension, dry mouth, and constipation are well-documented possible adverse effects, the possibility of clonidine-induced bradycardia is less well recognized and is rare.",clonidine,constipation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [47]}}"
"Though hypotension, dry mouth, and constipation are well-documented possible adverse effects, the possibility of clonidine-induced bradycardia is less well recognized and is rare.",clonidine,dry mouth,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [29]}}"
"Though hypotension, dry mouth, and constipation are well-documented possible adverse effects, the possibility of clonidine-induced bradycardia is less well recognized and is rare.",clonidine,hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"A high dose of cotrimoxazole induced hyperkalaemia with the elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea, and increased urinary N-acetyl glucosaminase after several days of the drug administration in these patients; one patient became unconscious.",cotrimoxazole,elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [104]}}"
"A high dose of cotrimoxazole induced hyperkalaemia with the elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea, and increased urinary N-acetyl glucosaminase after several days of the drug administration in these patients; one patient became unconscious.",cotrimoxazole,hyperkalaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"A high dose of cotrimoxazole induced hyperkalaemia with the elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea, and increased urinary N-acetyl glucosaminase after several days of the drug administration in these patients; one patient became unconscious.",cotrimoxazole,increased urinary N-acetyl glucosaminase,"{'drug': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [150]}}"
"A high dose of cotrimoxazole induced hyperkalaemia with the elevation of serum creatinine and blood urea, and increased urinary N-acetyl glucosaminase after several days of the drug administration in these patients; one patient became unconscious.",cotrimoxazole,one patient became unconscious,"{'drug': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [216], 'end_char': [246]}}"
"Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly Japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved.",co-trimoxazole,Hyperkalaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
"Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly Japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved.",sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,Hyperkalaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
"Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly Japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved.",co-trimoxazole,renal tubular dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by oral therapy of sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (co-trimoxazole) is described in 2 elderly Japanese patients with lymphoid malignancy, who developed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and improved.",sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,renal tubular dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [44]}}"
Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with lymphoid malignancy.,sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,Hyperkalaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
Hyperkalaemia with renal tubular dysfunction by sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with lymphoid malignancy.,sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,renal tubular dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [44]}}"
Five cases (four from the literature and one new case) are presented in which patients unsuspected of having vitamin B12 deficiency developed subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord following nitrous oxide anesthesia.,nitrous oxide,subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord,"{'drug': {'start_char': [202], 'end_char': [215]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [191]}}"
Neurologic degeneration associated with nitrous oxide anesthesia in patients with vitamin B12 deficiency.,nitrous oxide,Neurologic degeneration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
Patients with vitamin B12 deficiency are exceedingly sensitive to neurologic deterioration following nitrous oxide anesthesia.,nitrous oxide,neurologic deterioration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [90]}}"
"BACKGROUND: Fluoxetine, a highly specific serotonin reuptake inhibitor, has been reported to cause sexual dysfunction in a minority of patients.",Fluoxetine,sexual dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [117]}}"
Captopril-induced bone marrow suppression in two cardiac patients with trisomy 21.,Captopril,bone marrow suppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"Neutropenia is an infrequent complication following administration of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, captopril.",captopril,Neutropenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
We report two cases of neutropenia following captopril use in cardiac patients with trisomy 21.,captopril,neutropenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [34]}}"
Can magnesium sulfate therapy impact lactogenesis?,magnesium sulfate,lactogenesis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [49]}}"
"No explanation for this delay was found, other than the possibility that magnesium sulfate treatment impeded lactogenesis.",magnesium sulfate,impeded lactogenesis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [121]}}"
"Four days after the initial injection of 3.6 mg of goserelin acetate, severe dyspnea developed due to worsening pleuritis carcinomatosa, which was considered as a flare-up.",goserelin acetate,flare-up,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [163], 'end_char': [171]}}"
"Four days after the initial injection of 3.6 mg of goserelin acetate, severe dyspnea developed due to worsening pleuritis carcinomatosa, which was considered as a flare-up.",goserelin acetate,severe dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"Four days after the initial injection of 3.6 mg of goserelin acetate, severe dyspnea developed due to worsening pleuritis carcinomatosa, which was considered as a flare-up.",goserelin acetate,worsening pleuritis carcinomatosa,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [135]}}"
Imidazoline intoxication due to overdose or accidental ingestion but also after normal therapeutic usage is frequent in children.,Imidazoline,Imidazoline intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Imidazoline intoxication in children.,Imidazoline,Imidazoline intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Cerebrovascular complications of L-asparaginase therapy in children with leukemia: aphasia and other neuropsychological deficits.,L-asparaginase,aphasia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [90]}}"
Cerebrovascular complications of L-asparaginase therapy in children with leukemia: aphasia and other neuropsychological deficits.,L-asparaginase,Cerebrovascular complications,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Cerebrovascular complications of L-asparaginase therapy in children with leukemia: aphasia and other neuropsychological deficits.,L-asparaginase,neuropsychological deficits,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [128]}}"
"Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated with L-asparaginase are at risk for cerebral thrombosis or hemorrhage because of coagulation protein deficiencies.",L-asparaginase,cerebral thrombosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [113]}}"
"Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated with L-asparaginase are at risk for cerebral thrombosis or hemorrhage because of coagulation protein deficiencies.",L-asparaginase,coagulation protein deficiencies,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [171]}}"
"Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treated with L-asparaginase are at risk for cerebral thrombosis or hemorrhage because of coagulation protein deficiencies.",L-asparaginase,hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [127]}}"
Myoclonus and seizures disappeared after discontinuation of L-dopa and the introduction of valproate sodium (VPA).,L-dopa,Myoclonus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
Myoclonus and seizures disappeared after discontinuation of L-dopa and the introduction of valproate sodium (VPA).,L-dopa,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Myoclonus and seizures in a patient with parkinsonism: induction by levodopa and its confirmation on SEPs.,levodopa,Myoclonus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
Myoclonus and seizures in a patient with parkinsonism: induction by levodopa and its confirmation on SEPs.,levodopa,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Myoclonus was induced and enhanced by L-dopa, developing into generalized seizures.",L-dopa,generalized seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [82]}}"
"Myoclonus was induced and enhanced by L-dopa, developing into generalized seizures.",L-dopa,Myoclonus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
We described the occurrence of L-dopa-induced myoclonus and seizures in a case of parkinsonism with its SEPs findings.,L-dopa,myoclonus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [55]}}"
We described the occurrence of L-dopa-induced myoclonus and seizures in a case of parkinsonism with its SEPs findings.,L-dopa,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [68]}}"
"Unintended exposure to acyclovir early in pregnancy, which is not uncommon, may cause excessive maternal and physician anxiety.",acyclovir,excessive maternal and physician anxiety,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [126]}}"
A severe form of exophthalmos resulting from lithium therapy has not been described in the literature.,lithium,exophthalmos,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Lithium therapy was discontinued because of poor compliance to the medication and intolerable polyuria.,Lithium,polyuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [102]}}"
Regression of thyrotoxic ophthalmopathy following lithium withdrawal.,lithium,thyrotoxic ophthalmopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [39]}}"
The case of a bipolar patient who developed thyrotoxicosis with severe exophthalmos while on lithium therapy is described.,lithium,severe exophthalmos,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [83]}}"
The case of a bipolar patient who developed thyrotoxicosis with severe exophthalmos while on lithium therapy is described.,lithium,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [58]}}"
The exophthalmos improved dramatically within 72 hours of the withdrawal of lithium.,lithium,exophthalmos,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Severe abdominal pain in low dosage clofazimine.,clofazimine,abdominal pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [21]}}"
We describe a 41 yr old leprosy patient treated for 10 yrs with clofazimine who underwent laparotomy for severe abdominal pain.,clofazimine,abdominal pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [126]}}"
Amphotericin B overdose in pediatric patients with associated cardiac arrest.,Amphotericin B,cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [76]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: Amphotericin B overdose can be fatal in children and infants.,Amphotericin B,fatal,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [27]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Hydrocortisone may decrease the incidence of mortality associated with cardiac arrhythmias in children receiving amphotericin B overdoses.,amphotericin B,cardiac arrhythmias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [127]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [90]}}"
Hydrocortisone may decrease the incidence of mortality associated with cardiac arrhythmias in children receiving amphotericin B overdoses.,amphotericin B,mortality,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [127]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}}"
INTERVENTIONS AND RESULTS: Cardiac complications were observed in five pediatric patients who received between 4.6 and 40.8 mg/kg/d of amphotericin B.,amphotericin B,Cardiac complications,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [149]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [48]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report the first five cases of amphotericin B overdose with secondary cardiac complications in a pediatric population.,amphotericin B,cardiac complications,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [105]}}"
Hypertension develops in most patients after transplantation when immunosuppression is based on cyclosporine and prednisone.,cyclosporine,Hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Hypertension develops in most patients after transplantation when immunosuppression is based on cyclosporine and prednisone.,prednisone,Hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Sudden death in an infant from methemoglobinemia after administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"".",sweet spirits of nitre,Sudden death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol,acute methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [136]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",sweet spirits of nitre,acute methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [136]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol,died,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [270], 'end_char': [274]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",sweet spirits of nitre,died,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [270], 'end_char': [274]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol,hypoxemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [300], 'end_char': [309]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",sweet spirits of nitre,hypoxemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [300], 'end_char': [309]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol,severe anoxic metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [173]}}"
"The administration of ""sweet spirits of nitre"" (4% ethyl nitrite CH3CH2ONO in 70% ethyl alcohol) was followed by acute methemoglobinemia and severe anoxic metabolic acidosis in infant twins, Methylene blue administration reversed methemoglobinemia in both, but one twin died from the consequences of hypoxemia.",sweet spirits of nitre,severe anoxic metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [173]}}"
Hepatotoxic effects in a child receiving valproate and carnitine.,carnitine,Hepatotoxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Hepatotoxic effects in a child receiving valproate and carnitine.,valproate,Hepatotoxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
L-Carnitine supplementation has been recommended to prevent the fatal hepatotoxic effects associated with valproic acid.,valproic acid,fatal hepatotoxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [89]}}"
We report on a child with fatal valproate-related hepatotoxic effects despite this supplementation.,valproate,fatal,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [31]}}"
We report on a child with fatal valproate-related hepatotoxic effects despite this supplementation.,valproate,hepatotoxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [69]}}"
A case is reported of a 40 year old woman treated with intraventricular IL-2 for leptomeningeal disease who developed progressive cognitive dysfunction.,IL-2,cognitive dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [151]}}"
Delayed neurotoxicity of intraventricular interleukin-2: a case report.,interleukin-2,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [8], 'end_char': [21]}}"
The potential for progressive brain injury and subsequent disability related to intraventricular IL-2 therapy is discussed.,IL-2,brain injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [42]}}"
The potential for progressive brain injury and subsequent disability related to intraventricular IL-2 therapy is discussed.,IL-2,disability,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [68]}}"
"Albeit rare among Western patients, such lithium-associated thyroid dysfunctions appeared to be more likely to occur in Hong Kong Chinese.",lithium,thyroid dysfunctions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [80]}}"
Four Chinese female patients who suffered from manic-depressive disorder and underlying autoimmune thyroiditis developed transient episodes of thyrotoxicosis during maintenance lithium therapy.,lithium,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [184]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [157]}}"
Lithium-associated transient thyrotoxicosis in 4 Chinese women with autoimmune thyroiditis.,Lithium,transient thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [43]}}"
"They seemed to involve multiple aetiological factors, such as autoimmune thyroid disease, the toxic and immunomodulatory roles of lithium and perhaps genetic and dietary factors.",lithium,toxic and immunomodulatory roles,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [126]}}"
"Although retinoic acid is well tolerated by the majority of patients with this disease, a potentially fatal complication of this kind of treatment has been reported: ""the retinoic acid syndrome"".",retinoic acid,fatal complication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9, 171], 'end_char': [22, 184]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [120]}}"
"Although retinoic acid is well tolerated by the majority of patients with this disease, a potentially fatal complication of this kind of treatment has been reported: ""the retinoic acid syndrome"".",retinoic acid,retinoic acid syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9, 171], 'end_char': [22, 184]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [193]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: It is probable that foscarnet contributed to the electrolyte disorders and symptomatology in this patient.,foscarnet,electrolyte disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [83]}}"
DISCUSSION: Electrolyte disorders associated with foscarnet are reviewed.,foscarnet,Electrolyte disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Foscarnet-induced severe hypomagnesemia and other electrolyte disorders.,Foscarnet,electrolyte disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Foscarnet-induced severe hypomagnesemia and other electrolyte disorders.,Foscarnet,severe hypomagnesemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [39]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of possible foscarnet-induced severe hypomagnesemia and other electrolyte disorders.,foscarnet,electrolyte disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [111]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of possible foscarnet-induced severe hypomagnesemia and other electrolyte disorders.,foscarnet,severe hypomagnesemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [79]}}"
"The patient experienced muscle twitches, tremulousness, and anxiety on day 17 of foscarnet therapy.",foscarnet,anxiety,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [67]}}"
"The patient experienced muscle twitches, tremulousness, and anxiety on day 17 of foscarnet therapy.",foscarnet,muscle twitches,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"The patient experienced muscle twitches, tremulousness, and anxiety on day 17 of foscarnet therapy.",foscarnet,tremulousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [54]}}"
"Interference with the cortisol axis by the microtubule antagonist, CPH82.",CPH82,Interference with the cortisol axis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [35]}}"
The results clearly demonstrate that CPH82 was associated with suppression of the endogeneous production of ACTH and cortisol with a concomitant paradoxical picture of clinical hypercortisolism.,CPH82,hypercortisolism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [193]}}"
The results clearly demonstrate that CPH82 was associated with suppression of the endogeneous production of ACTH and cortisol with a concomitant paradoxical picture of clinical hypercortisolism.,CPH82,suppression of the endogeneous production of ACTH and cortisol,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [125]}}"
"A variety of movement disorders are known to occur in association with carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy in adults and children, but development of tics has been described infrequently and only in patients with underlying Tourette's syndrome or other movement disorders.",carbamazepine,movement disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13, 245], 'end_char': [31, 263]}}"
"A variety of movement disorders are known to occur in association with carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy in adults and children, but development of tics has been described infrequently and only in patients with underlying Tourette's syndrome or other movement disorders.",CBZ,movement disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13, 245], 'end_char': [31, 263]}}"
"A variety of movement disorders are known to occur in association with carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy in adults and children, but development of tics has been described infrequently and only in patients with underlying Tourette's syndrome or other movement disorders.",carbamazepine,tics,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [146]}}"
"A variety of movement disorders are known to occur in association with carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy in adults and children, but development of tics has been described infrequently and only in patients with underlying Tourette's syndrome or other movement disorders.",CBZ,tics,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [146]}}"
Carbamazepine-induced tics.,Carbamazepine,tics,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"In the third child, the tics ceased after CBZ discontinuation.",CBZ,tics,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [28]}}"
These cases demonstrate that CBZ can induce simple motor tics in children.,CBZ,motor tics,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [61]}}"
We report 3 children with epilepsy who developed facial motor tics after initiation of CBZ for complex partial seizures.,CBZ,facial motor tics,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [66]}}"
Acyclovir-induced neurotoxicity: concentration-side effect relationship in acyclovir overdose.,Acyclovir,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: The observation that neurotoxicity developed with a delay of 24 to 48 hours after acyclovir peak serum concentrations could explain the wide range of acyclovir levels reported in similar cases.,acyclovir,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95, 163], 'end_char': [104, 172]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [47]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: The observation that neurotoxicity developed with a delay of 24 to 48 hours after acyclovir peak serum concentrations could explain the wide range of acyclovir levels reported in similar cases.,acyclovir,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95, 163], 'end_char': [104, 172]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [47]}}"
METHODS: Repeated blood samples were drawn in a patient with severe acyclovir overdose who developed coma and nonoliguric renal failure.,acyclovir,coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [105]}}"
METHODS: Repeated blood samples were drawn in a patient with severe acyclovir overdose who developed coma and nonoliguric renal failure.,acyclovir,nonoliguric renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [135]}}"
PURPOSE: To investigate the concentration-side effect relationship in a patient with severe acyclovir-induced neurotoxicity and to summarize the information available in the literature about central nervous system side effects due to acyclovir.,acyclovir,central nervous system side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92, 234], 'end_char': [101, 243]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [191], 'end_char': [226]}}"
PURPOSE: To investigate the concentration-side effect relationship in a patient with severe acyclovir-induced neurotoxicity and to summarize the information available in the literature about central nervous system side effects due to acyclovir.,acyclovir,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92, 234], 'end_char': [101, 243]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [123]}}"
"A 16-year-old white male with acute biphenotypic leukemia developed evidence of the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome associated with total parenteral nutritional support with solutions containing tryptophan, which were given during his initial induction chemotherapy and also after autologous marrow transplantation.",tryptophan,eosinophilia myalgia syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [193], 'end_char': [203]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [113]}}"
Fatal eosinophilia myalgia syndrome in a marrow transplant patient attributed to total parenteral nutrition with a solution containing tryptophan.,tryptophan,Fatal eosinophilia myalgia syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [35]}}"
"Thus, the eosinophilia myalgia syndrome can be associated with parenteral tryptophan administration.",tryptophan,eosinophilia myalgia syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [39]}}"
A patient with acute esophageal variceal bleeding developed fatal rhabdomyolysis during treatment with a continuous intravenous infusion of vasopressin.,vasopressin,fatal rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [80]}}"
"Idiosyncratic factors involving vasopressin receptor affinity and distribution, vasopressin-associated vasodilation in some vascular beds, and the effect of vasopressin on the renin-angiotensin system may further contribute to impaired tissue perfusion.",vasopressin,impaired tissue perfusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32, 80, 157], 'end_char': [43, 91, 168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [227], 'end_char': [252]}}"
"Idiosyncratic factors involving vasopressin receptor affinity and distribution, vasopressin-associated vasodilation in some vascular beds, and the effect of vasopressin on the renin-angiotensin system may further contribute to impaired tissue perfusion.",vasopressin,vasodilation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32, 80, 157], 'end_char': [43, 91, 168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [115]}}"
Rhabdomyolysis associated with the use of intravenous vasopressin.,vasopressin,Rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
These multiple overlapping factors probably lead to rhabdomyolysis in a minority of patients receiving vasopressin infusion.,vasopressin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"In one case, disulfiram was the only potential teratogen exposed to the fetus.",disulfiram,teratogen,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [23]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [56]}}"
Nonspecific but significant abnormalities have been described in the infants of women treated with disulfiram in the first trimester of their pregnancies.,disulfiram,significant abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"Although the essential cause of PV is unclear, its onset has occasionally been associated with drug therapy, in particular penicillamine.",penicillamine,PV,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [34]}}"
Pemphigus vulgaris precipitated by glibenclamide therapy.,glibenclamide,Pemphigus vulgaris,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
The patient described in this paper was a 78-year-old diabetic man who developed oral lesions of PV following institution of glibenclamide therapy.,glibenclamide,oral lesions of PV,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [138]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [99]}}"
Piritrexim-induced pulmonary toxicity.,Piritrexim,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [37]}}"
The pulmonary toxicity is probably induced by piritrexim.,piritrexim,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"We describe a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis who developed respiratory dysfunction and an abnormal chest x-ray with diffuse interstitial opacities while on chemotherapy with piritrexim, a methotrexate analog.",piritrexim,abnormal chest x-ray with diffuse interstitial opacities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [204], 'end_char': [214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [176]}}"
"We describe a patient with transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis who developed respiratory dysfunction and an abnormal chest x-ray with diffuse interstitial opacities while on chemotherapy with piritrexim, a methotrexate analog.",piritrexim,respiratory dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [204], 'end_char': [214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [112]}}"
"A 12 year old patient with atrial flutter is presented, in whom intravenous adenosine was followed by acceleration of the heart rate to a potentially dangerous arrhythmia.",adenosine,acceleration of the heart rate,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [132]}}"
"A 12 year old patient with atrial flutter is presented, in whom intravenous adenosine was followed by acceleration of the heart rate to a potentially dangerous arrhythmia.",adenosine,arrhythmia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [170]}}"
Acceleration of ventricular response to atrial flutter after intravenous adenosine.,adenosine,Acceleration of ventricular response,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Lymphoma developing in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis taking methotrexate.,methotrexate,Lymphoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
"The mild immunosuppression that occurs with methotrexate therapy probably places patients with rheumatoid arthritis at added risk of developing lymphoproliferative diseases, but coincidence cannot be excluded.",methotrexate,lymphoproliferative diseases,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [172]}}"
"We report one case of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a patient, with a 30-year history of rheumatoid arthritis, taking low dose methotrexate weekly over a 10-month period.",methotrexate,non-Hodgkin lymphoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [42]}}"
Hepatotoxicity of paracetamol enhanced by ingestion of alcohol: report of two cases.,paracetamol,Hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
The biochemistry of paracetamol hepatotoxicity is outlined and the increased susceptibility of alcoholic patients to the hepatotoxic effects of paracetamol is remarked upon.,paracetamol,hepatotoxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20, 144], 'end_char': [31, 155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [140]}}"
The biochemistry of paracetamol hepatotoxicity is outlined and the increased susceptibility of alcoholic patients to the hepatotoxic effects of paracetamol is remarked upon.,paracetamol,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20, 144], 'end_char': [31, 155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Two fatal cases of poisoning by paracetamol are described.,paracetamol,fatal,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [9]}}"
"We report a case of drug-induced Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) on the sole of the right foot in a 71-year-old man, treated for 6 months with corticosteroid therapy (prednisolone 25 mg/day) for pericardial effusion.",prednisolone,Kaposi's sarcoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Acute dystonic reaction with low-dose pimozide.,pimozide,Acute dystonic reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"This paper reports on a 6.9-year-old autistic male who developed repeated episodes of acute dystonic reactions associated with pimozide administration at the doses of 0.096 mg/kg/day and 0.032 mg/kg/day and 32 hours following pimozide withdrawal, as well as during subsequent thioridazine administration.",pimozide,acute dystonic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [127, 226], 'end_char': [135, 234]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [110]}}"
"This paper reports on a 6.9-year-old autistic male who developed repeated episodes of acute dystonic reactions associated with pimozide administration at the doses of 0.096 mg/kg/day and 0.032 mg/kg/day and 32 hours following pimozide withdrawal, as well as during subsequent thioridazine administration.",pimozide,acute dystonic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [127, 226], 'end_char': [135, 234]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [110]}}"
"This paper reports on a 6.9-year-old autistic male who developed repeated episodes of acute dystonic reactions associated with pimozide administration at the doses of 0.096 mg/kg/day and 0.032 mg/kg/day and 32 hours following pimozide withdrawal, as well as during subsequent thioridazine administration.",thioridazine,acute dystonic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [276], 'end_char': [288]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [110]}}"
"Although there is one case report of cholesterol crystal embolization following t-PA therapy with only extrarenal manifestations (N Engl J Med 321:1270, 1989), this is the first reported case of atheroembolic acute renal failure following t-PA therapy.",t-PA,atheroembolic acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80, 239], 'end_char': [84, 243]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [228]}}"
"Although there is one case report of cholesterol crystal embolization following t-PA therapy with only extrarenal manifestations (N Engl J Med 321:1270, 1989), this is the first reported case of atheroembolic acute renal failure following t-PA therapy.",t-PA,cholesterol crystal embolization,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80, 239], 'end_char': [84, 243]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [69]}}"
"Although there is one case report of cholesterol crystal embolization following t-PA therapy with only extrarenal manifestations (N Engl J Med 321:1270, 1989), this is the first reported case of atheroembolic acute renal failure following t-PA therapy.",t-PA,extrarenal manifestations,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80, 239], 'end_char': [84, 243]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [128]}}"
Cholesterol crystal embolization-associated renal failure after therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.,tissue-type plasminogen activator,Cholesterol crystal embolization,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
Cholesterol crystal embolization-associated renal failure after therapy with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator.,tissue-type plasminogen activator,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [122]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [57]}}"
We report the occurrence of renal failure due to cholesterol crystal embolization following thrombolytic therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA).,recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator,cholesterol crystal embolization,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [175]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [81]}}"
We report the occurrence of renal failure due to cholesterol crystal embolization following thrombolytic therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA).,t-PA,cholesterol crystal embolization,"{'drug': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [81]}}"
We report the occurrence of renal failure due to cholesterol crystal embolization following thrombolytic therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA).,recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [175]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [41]}}"
We report the occurrence of renal failure due to cholesterol crystal embolization following thrombolytic therapy with intravenous recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA).,t-PA,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"Intravenous haloperidol is generally well tolerated, but multiform ventricular tachycardia has been reported.",haloperidol,multiform ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [23]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [90]}}"
"All developed mucocutaneous side effects within 20 weeks of beginning im gold therapy, at a time when RA had improved markedly compared to pretreatment status.",gold,mucocutaneous side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [40]}}"
How low can you go? Use of very low dosage of gold in patients with mucocutaneous reactions.,gold,mucocutaneous reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [91]}}"
Anterior spinal artery syndrome--a complication of cervical intrathecal phenol injection.,phenol,Anterior spinal artery syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"We have seen a case of terminal malignant melanoma in which clinical manifestations, indicative of anterior spinal artery syndrome, developed following the injection of 0.3 ml of 10% phenol-glycerine into the cervical subarachnoid space at the C4--C5 level for the control of severe right arm pain.",phenol-glycerine,anterior spinal artery syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [183], 'end_char': [199]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [130]}}"
"One patient required nursing home placement and a feeding gastrostomy as a result of the worsening parkinsonism during risperidone treatment, but was able to return home and have the gastrostomy removed after switching from risperidone to clozapine.",risperidone,feeding gastrostomy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119, 224], 'end_char': [130, 235]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [69]}}"
"One patient required nursing home placement and a feeding gastrostomy as a result of the worsening parkinsonism during risperidone treatment, but was able to return home and have the gastrostomy removed after switching from risperidone to clozapine.",risperidone,feeding gastrostomy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119, 224], 'end_char': [130, 235]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [69]}}"
"One patient required nursing home placement and a feeding gastrostomy as a result of the worsening parkinsonism during risperidone treatment, but was able to return home and have the gastrostomy removed after switching from risperidone to clozapine.",risperidone,worsening parkinsonism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119, 224], 'end_char': [130, 235]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"One patient required nursing home placement and a feeding gastrostomy as a result of the worsening parkinsonism during risperidone treatment, but was able to return home and have the gastrostomy removed after switching from risperidone to clozapine.",risperidone,worsening parkinsonism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119, 224], 'end_char': [130, 235]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [111]}}"
Two of the five patients who worsened motorically also developed encephalopathy during risperidone treatment; the encephalopathy resolved when the patients were switched to clozapine treatment.,risperidone,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65, 114], 'end_char': [79, 128]}}"
Two of the five patients who worsened motorically also developed encephalopathy during risperidone treatment; the encephalopathy resolved when the patients were switched to clozapine treatment.,risperidone,worsened motorically,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Azathioprine can cause severe myelosuppression.,Azathioprine,myelosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Azathioprine-induced myelosuppression due to thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency in a patient with autoimmune hepatitis.,Azathioprine,myelosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [37]}}"
The azathioprine dose was low (1 mg/kg) and pancytopenia occurred after 56 days therapy.,azathioprine,pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [56]}}"
Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency occurs at a frequency of one in 300 and is associated with profound myelosuppression after a short course of azathioprine.,azathioprine,myelosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [161]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [124]}}"
We describe the first documented case of azathioprine-induced severe myelosuppression due to thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency in autoimmune liver disease.,azathioprine,myelosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [85]}}"
Nabumetone-associated interstitial nephritis.,Nabumetone,interstitial nephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"She had been taking nabumetone for 6 months, but had discontinued the agent 2 weeks before admission due to progressive edema.",nabumetone,edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [125]}}"
Acute myeloid leukemia evolving from essential thrombocythemia in two patients treated with hydroxyurea.,hydroxyurea,Acute myeloid leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"In this report, two cases of ET which evolved into AL without prior exposure to radiation or alkylating agents, and which were treated with long-term hydroxyurea therapy, are described.",hydroxyurea,AL,"{'drug': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [161]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Prolonged used of hydroxyurea in patients with ET may lead to therapy-associated acute leukemia.,hydroxyurea,acute leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"However, in 1993, a clinical study involving 400 patients on the Thai-Burmese border revealed cardiac effects of antimalarial treatment with halofantrine, including one sudden death after the treatment.",halofantrine,cardiac effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [109]}}"
"However, in 1993, a clinical study involving 400 patients on the Thai-Burmese border revealed cardiac effects of antimalarial treatment with halofantrine, including one sudden death after the treatment.",halofantrine,sudden death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [169], 'end_char': [181]}}"
"In the present paper, we discuss the first Japanese vivax malaria patient whose QT interval was prolonged after treatment with halofantrine.",halofantrine,QT interval was prolonged,"{'drug': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [105]}}"
Prolongation of the QT interval observed in a Japanese patient with vivax malaria following treatment with halofantrine.,halofantrine,Prolongation of the QT interval,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"The pharmaceutical company producing Halfan has reported 8 cardiac arrests, leading to 6 deaths, when a higher dose than recommended was used, there was recent or concomitant treatment with mefloquine, there was pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval or the patient had a thiamine deficiency.",Halfan,cardiac arrests,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [74]}}"
"The pharmaceutical company producing Halfan has reported 8 cardiac arrests, leading to 6 deaths, when a higher dose than recommended was used, there was recent or concomitant treatment with mefloquine, there was pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval or the patient had a thiamine deficiency.",mefloquine,cardiac arrests,"{'drug': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [200]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [74]}}"
"The pharmaceutical company producing Halfan has reported 8 cardiac arrests, leading to 6 deaths, when a higher dose than recommended was used, there was recent or concomitant treatment with mefloquine, there was pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval or the patient had a thiamine deficiency.",Halfan,deaths,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"The pharmaceutical company producing Halfan has reported 8 cardiac arrests, leading to 6 deaths, when a higher dose than recommended was used, there was recent or concomitant treatment with mefloquine, there was pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval or the patient had a thiamine deficiency.",mefloquine,deaths,"{'drug': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [200]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [95]}}"
Supravenous hyperpigmentation in association with CHOP chemotherapy of a CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma.,CHOP,Supravenous hyperpigmentation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
We report an unusual pattern of supravenous hyperpigmentation occurring after CHOP chemotherapy.,CHOP,supravenous hyperpigmentation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [61]}}"
Phenytoin toxicity due to concomitant antituberculosis therapy.,Phenytoin,Phenytoin toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Seventy-four per cent of patients with epileptogenic disorders seen at the Emergency Unit at Groote Schuur Hospital were on phenytoin and 11.6% of these had blood levels in the toxic range.,phenytoin,blood levels in the toxic range,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [188]}}"
"Slow acetylators, who comprise roughly 50% of the South African population, are likely to develop clinical and biochemical features of phenytoin toxicity when this drug is given together with antituberculosis therapy.",phenytoin,phenytoin toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [144]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [153]}}"
The wide use of phenytoin during the recent tuberculosis epidemic makes it imperative to suspect this drug interaction in patients exhibiting clinical features that might be related to phenytoin toxicity.,phenytoin,phenytoin toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16, 185], 'end_char': [25, 194]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [185], 'end_char': [203]}}"
The wide use of phenytoin during the recent tuberculosis epidemic makes it imperative to suspect this drug interaction in patients exhibiting clinical features that might be related to phenytoin toxicity.,phenytoin,phenytoin toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16, 185], 'end_char': [25, 194]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [185], 'end_char': [203]}}"
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis secondary to foscarnet therapy.,foscarnet,Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis secondary to foscarnet therapy.,foscarnet,renal tubular acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [57]}}"
"No cases of renal acidosis, and only one case of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, has been previously reported as a complication of foscarnet treatment.",foscarnet,nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [140]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [79]}}"
Our patient developed both nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis with a temporal pattern that demonstrated a link between foscarnet therapy and these abnormalities.,foscarnet,nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [57]}}"
Our patient developed both nephrogenic diabetes insipidus and renal tubular acidosis with a temporal pattern that demonstrated a link between foscarnet therapy and these abnormalities.,foscarnet,renal tubular acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [84]}}"
We present a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection under treatment with foscarnet for CMV retinitis who complained of thirst and polyuria.,foscarnet,polyuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [151]}}"
We present a patient with human immunodeficiency virus infection under treatment with foscarnet for CMV retinitis who complained of thirst and polyuria.,foscarnet,thirst,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [138]}}"
Choroidal hemorrhage associated with systemic tissue plasminogen activator.,tissue plasminogen activator,Choroidal hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
CONCLUSION: The administration of tissue plasminogen activator was responsible for the large extent of hemorrhage and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic choroidal detachment.,tissue plasminogen activator,hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [113]}}"
CONCLUSION: The administration of tissue plasminogen activator was responsible for the large extent of hemorrhage and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of hemorrhagic choroidal detachment.,tissue plasminogen activator,hemorrhagic choroidal detachment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [172], 'end_char': [204]}}"
PURPOSE: To determine the cause of spontaneous choroidal hemorrhage in a 67-year-old man after a myocardial infarction and administration of tissue plasminogen activator.,tissue plasminogen activator,spontaneous choroidal hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Accelerated nodulosis during methotrexate therapy for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.,methotrexate,Accelerated nodulosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
"Although they had only a few nodules at diagnosis, the nodules increased in number and size 3 to 4 months after the start of methotrexate therapy in both patients.",methotrexate,nodules,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29, 55], 'end_char': [36, 62]}}"
"Although they had only a few nodules at diagnosis, the nodules increased in number and size 3 to 4 months after the start of methotrexate therapy in both patients.",methotrexate,nodules,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29, 55], 'end_char': [36, 62]}}"
Physicians treating patients with methotrexate for juvenile rheumatoid arthritis must be aware of this extraarticular side effect.,methotrexate,extraarticular side effect,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [129]}}"
The nodules regressed after withdrawal of methotrexate therapy in one patient and were arrested with the addition of hydroxychloroquine in the other.,methotrexate,nodules,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [11]}}"
"We describe two patients with rheumatoid factor-positive, polyarticular-onset juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in whom accelerated nodulosis developed during methotrexate therapy.",methotrexate,accelerated nodulosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [155], 'end_char': [167]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [137]}}"
"A macrophage activation syndrome, possibly related to methotrexate toxicity, developed in a boy with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.",methotrexate,macrophage activation syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"A macrophage activation syndrome, possibly related to methotrexate toxicity, developed in a boy with systemic juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.",methotrexate,methotrexate toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [75]}}"
Jaundice induced by streptokinase.,streptokinase,Jaundice,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
Only a few reports of overt jaundice are associated with streptokinase.,streptokinase,jaundice,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"Although both patients recovered from the colitis after the administration of vancomycin, the first case demonstrated a relapse of the colitis after receiving a subsequent course of the same chemotherapy with cisplatin.",cisplatin,colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [209], 'end_char': [218]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42, 135], 'end_char': [49, 142]}}"
"Based on our findings, it is thus concluded that cisplatin may cause C. difficile colitis.",cisplatin,C. difficile colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [58]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [89]}}"
"Both patients were then treated with a carboplatin alternative to cisplatin in the following courses, which resulted in neither a relapse of the colitis nor a recurrence of the malignancies up to this time.",cisplatin,colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [152]}}"
Clostridium difficile colitis associated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.,cisplatin,Clostridium difficile colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Severe C. difficile colitis occurred in 2 patients (6.1%) after receiving cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy for ovarian malignancies.,cisplatin,C. difficile colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [27]}}"
The purpose of this study was to examine the incidence and cause of Clostridium difficile colitis occurring after cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients.,cisplatin,Clostridium difficile colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [97]}}"
A patient with severe cholestatic jaundice induced by captopril is presented.,captopril,severe cholestatic jaundice,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"Captopril-associated ""pseudocholangitis'.",Captopril,pseudocholangitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"Captopril is known to be associated with dermatologic, hematologic, and pulmonary adverse effects.",Captopril,"dermatologic, hematologic, and pulmonary adverse effects","{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [97]}}"
"Patients treated with captopril who develop ""atypical cholangitis"" should be suspected of having captopril-associated liver damage.",captopril,atypical cholangitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22, 97], 'end_char': [31, 106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [65]}}"
"Patients treated with captopril who develop ""atypical cholangitis"" should be suspected of having captopril-associated liver damage.",captopril,liver damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22, 97], 'end_char': [31, 106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [130]}}"
Development of nephrotic syndrome in a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia after treatment with macrophage-colony-stimulating factor.,macrophage-colony-stimulating factor,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [33]}}"
"It should be emphasized that the recurrence of nephrotic syndrome was observed after the following chemotherapy, including M-CSF, whereas the bone marrow still remained completely remitted.",M-CSF,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [65]}}"
"The possibility can be raised that M-CSF accelerated the underlying renal disease in this case through enhancing macrophage accumulation into the glomerulus, leading to the development of nephrotic syndrome.",M-CSF,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [188], 'end_char': [206]}}"
"The possibility can be raised that M-CSF accelerated the underlying renal disease in this case through enhancing macrophage accumulation into the glomerulus, leading to the development of nephrotic syndrome.",M-CSF,renal disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [81]}}"
These evolutional changes in both proteinuria and glomerular histology suggest a close linkage between the M-CSF treatment and macrophage-related glomerular injury.,M-CSF,macrophage-related glomerular injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [163]}}"
"We describe a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) who developed nephrotic syndrome after receiving several courses of chemotherapy, including macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).",macrophage-colony-stimulating factor,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"We describe a patient with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) who developed nephrotic syndrome after receiving several courses of chemotherapy, including macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF).",M-CSF,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [191], 'end_char': [196]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"On the fifth day of tocolysis with magnesium sulfate, nifedipine, terbutaline and betamethasone, edema developed in both labia.",betamethasone,edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"On the fifth day of tocolysis with magnesium sulfate, nifedipine, terbutaline and betamethasone, edema developed in both labia.",magnesium sulfate,edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"On the fifth day of tocolysis with magnesium sulfate, nifedipine, terbutaline and betamethasone, edema developed in both labia.",nifedipine,edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"On the fifth day of tocolysis with magnesium sulfate, nifedipine, terbutaline and betamethasone, edema developed in both labia.",terbutaline,edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"Milk-alkali syndrome induced by 1,25(OH)2D in a patient with hypoparathyroidism.","1,25(OH)2D",Milk-alkali syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
This article presents a patient with hypoparathyroidism who was treated with calcium carbonate and calcitriol resulting in two admissions to the hospital for milk-alkali syndrome.,calcitriol,milk-alkali syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [178]}}"
This article presents a patient with hypoparathyroidism who was treated with calcium carbonate and calcitriol resulting in two admissions to the hospital for milk-alkali syndrome.,calcium carbonate,milk-alkali syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [178]}}"
"After receiving 3 doses of ifosfamide/mesna, she was found to be unresponsive.",ifosfamide,unresponsive,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"After receiving 3 doses of ifosfamide/mesna, she was found to be unresponsive.",mesna,unresponsive,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [77]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: There was a temporal relationship between the onset of nonconvulsive status epilepticus and initiation of ifosfamide infusion.,ifosfamide,nonconvulsive status epilepticus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [129]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [100]}}"
"DISCUSSION: Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity has been described with ifosfamide, with most cases reported in the pediatric population.",ifosfamide,Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
Ifosfamide-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus.,Ifosfamide,nonconvulsive status epilepticus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [51]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with ifosfamide-induced nonconvulsive status epilepticus.,ifosfamide,nonconvulsive status epilepticus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [89]}}"
This represents the first report of nonconvulsive status epilepticus induced by ifosfamide.,ifosfamide,nonconvulsive status epilepticus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Albendazole-induced pseudomembranous colitis.,Albendazole,pseudomembranous colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"Although a few case reports link metronidazole with the development of pseudomembranous colitis, albendazole has not been associated with the development of this condition.",metronidazole,pseudomembranous colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"While undergoing treatment with albendazole, he developed worsening diarrhea with abdominal pain and fever.",albendazole,abdominal pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [96]}}"
"While undergoing treatment with albendazole, he developed worsening diarrhea with abdominal pain and fever.",albendazole,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [106]}}"
"While undergoing treatment with albendazole, he developed worsening diarrhea with abdominal pain and fever.",albendazole,worsening diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [76]}}"
"Aluminum intoxication, along with other factors, was considered to be the cause of TC development.",Aluminum,Aluminum intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
"Aluminum intoxication, along with other factors, was considered to be the cause of TC development.",Aluminum,TC,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [85]}}"
Oculomotor disturbances associated with 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy.,5-fluorouracil,Oculomotor disturbances,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
The ocular motor disturbances are probably an expression of regional 5-FU neurotoxicity primarily affecting the brain stem.,5-FU,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [87]}}"
The ocular motor disturbances are probably an expression of regional 5-FU neurotoxicity primarily affecting the brain stem.,5-FU,ocular motor disturbances,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Two patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for disseminated adenocarcinoma of the colon developed cerebellar dysfunction typical of 5-FU neurotoxicity.,5-fluorouracil,cerebellar dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [125]}}"
Two patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for disseminated adenocarcinoma of the colon developed cerebellar dysfunction typical of 5-FU neurotoxicity.,5-FU,cerebellar dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 137], 'end_char': [46, 141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [125]}}"
Two patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for disseminated adenocarcinoma of the colon developed cerebellar dysfunction typical of 5-FU neurotoxicity.,5-FU,cerebellar dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 137], 'end_char': [46, 141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [125]}}"
Two patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for disseminated adenocarcinoma of the colon developed cerebellar dysfunction typical of 5-FU neurotoxicity.,5-fluorouracil,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [155]}}"
Two patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for disseminated adenocarcinoma of the colon developed cerebellar dysfunction typical of 5-FU neurotoxicity.,5-FU,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 137], 'end_char': [46, 141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [155]}}"
Two patients treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for disseminated adenocarcinoma of the colon developed cerebellar dysfunction typical of 5-FU neurotoxicity.,5-FU,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 137], 'end_char': [46, 141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [155]}}"
"Assessment of cortisol response was by insulin-induced hypoglycaemia in three cases, by short tetracosactrin test in two, and by low-dose tetracosactrin and 24-hour urinary cortisol/creatinine ratio in one.",insulin,hypoglycaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [68]}}"
FINDINGS: Six children with growth retardation noted after treatment with high-dose fluticasone propionate were found to have adrenal suppression.,fluticasone propionate,adrenal suppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [145]}}"
FINDINGS: Six children with growth retardation noted after treatment with high-dose fluticasone propionate were found to have adrenal suppression.,fluticasone propionate,growth retardation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [106]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Growth and adrenal suppression in asthmatic children treated with high-dose fluticasone propionate.,fluticasone propionate,Growth and adrenal suppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
"INTERPRETATION: When high doses of fluticasone propionate are used, growth may be retarded and adrenal suppression may occur.",fluticasone propionate,adrenal suppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [114]}}"
"INTERPRETATION: When high doses of fluticasone propionate are used, growth may be retarded and adrenal suppression may occur.",fluticasone propionate,growth may be retarded,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [90]}}"
METHODS: Growth retardation was observed in six severely asthmatic children after introduction of high-dose fluticasone propionate treatment (dry powder).,fluticasone propionate,Growth retardation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Metipranolol associated granulomatous anterior uveitis: not so uncommon as thought.,Metipranolol,granulomatous anterior uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [54]}}"
Two case reports of bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis are described in patients with open angle glaucoma treated with metripranolol 0.6% eye drops.,metripranolol,bilateral granulomatous anterior uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [138]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [60]}}"
"A review of the literature found 11 children and 2 adults in whom intranasal desmopressin was associated with hyponatremia, all of whom experienced seizures or altered mental status.",desmopressin,altered mental status,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [181]}}"
"A review of the literature found 11 children and 2 adults in whom intranasal desmopressin was associated with hyponatremia, all of whom experienced seizures or altered mental status.",desmopressin,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [122]}}"
"A review of the literature found 11 children and 2 adults in whom intranasal desmopressin was associated with hyponatremia, all of whom experienced seizures or altered mental status.",desmopressin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [156]}}"
Intranasal desmopressin-induced hyponatremia.,desmopressin,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [23]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"When vague symptoms develop during desmopressin therapy, hyponatremia must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis.",desmopressin,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [69]}}"
"When vague symptoms develop during desmopressin therapy, hyponatremia must be considered as part of the differential diagnosis.",desmopressin,vague symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Within 24 hours of fluid restriction and cessation of desmopressin, her symptoms and hyponatremia resolved.",desmopressin,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [97]}}"
"Without other causes for the hyponatremia, she was diagnosed with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, presumably caused by desmopressin.",desmopressin,hyponatremia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [41]}}"
"Without other causes for the hyponatremia, she was diagnosed with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone, presumably caused by desmopressin.",desmopressin,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [151]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [116]}}"
"Uveitis during treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection with the combination of rifabutin, clarithromycin and ethambutol.",clarithromycin,Uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
"Uveitis during treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection with the combination of rifabutin, clarithromycin and ethambutol.",ethambutol,Uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [158]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
"Uveitis during treatment of disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection with the combination of rifabutin, clarithromycin and ethambutol.",rifabutin,Uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [127]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
Does acyclovir increase serum lithium levels?,acyclovir,increase serum lithium levels,"{'drug': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [44]}}"
Six days after starting acyclovir she exhibited signs of lithium toxicity.,acyclovir,lithium toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [73]}}"
Six days after starting acyclovir she exhibited signs of lithium toxicity.,lithium,lithium toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [73]}}"
This case suggests that acyclovir when given intravenously in doses of 10 mg/kg may result in increased serum lithium concentrations.,acyclovir,increased serum lithium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [117]}}"
This case suggests that acyclovir when given intravenously in doses of 10 mg/kg may result in increased serum lithium concentrations.,lithium,increased serum lithium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [110], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [117]}}"
"Until additional data are available, if intravenous acyclovir is administered concurrently with lithium, we recommend closely monitoring patients for signs of lithium toxicity and measuring serum lithium levels every second or third day.",acyclovir,lithium toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [175]}}"
"Until additional data are available, if intravenous acyclovir is administered concurrently with lithium, we recommend closely monitoring patients for signs of lithium toxicity and measuring serum lithium levels every second or third day.",lithium,lithium toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96, 159, 196], 'end_char': [103, 166, 203]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [159], 'end_char': [175]}}"
"When measured, the serum lithium level had increased 4-fold during acyclovir therapy.",acyclovir,serum lithium level had increased,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"When measured, the serum lithium level had increased 4-fold during acyclovir therapy.",lithium,serum lithium level had increased,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Dapsone syndrome in cutaneous lupus erythematosus.,Dapsone,Dapsone syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
Physicians should be aware of the potentially lethal side effects of dapsone.,dapsone,lethal,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"We describe 2 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus who developed severe dapsone reaction after low dose therapy, with a fatal outcome in one.",dapsone,dapsone reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"We describe 2 patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus who developed severe dapsone reaction after low dose therapy, with a fatal outcome in one.",dapsone,fatal,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [132]}}"
A case is presented which illustrates a probably fatal interaction between minoxidil and a coagulation disorder.,minoxidil,fatal interaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [66]}}"
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a well-documented complication of lithium use.,lithium,NDI,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [35]}}"
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a well-documented complication of lithium use.,lithium,Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
Potential mechanisms regarding the pathophysiology of lithium-associated CDI are discussed.,lithium,CDI,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [76]}}"
The association of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) with lithium use is rare.,lithium,CDI,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [50]}}"
The association of central diabetes insipidus (CDI) with lithium use is rare.,lithium,central diabetes insipidus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [45]}}"
"This case emphasizes the importance of the evaluation of lithium-associated polyuria with a direct measurement of plasma vasopressin, interpreted with simultaneous plasma and urine osmolality to secure the correct diagnosis and ensure appropriate therapeutic management.",lithium,polyuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of lithium-associated CDI and NDI presenting concurrently.",lithium,CDI,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of lithium-associated CDI and NDI presenting concurrently.",lithium,NDI,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [86]}}"
Transient central diabetes insipidus in the setting of underlying chronic nephrogenic diabetes insipidus associated with lithium use.,lithium,Transient central diabetes insipidus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [36]}}"
We report a patient receiving chronic lithium therapy who presented with a transient CDI occurring in the setting of underlying chronic NDI.,lithium,CDI,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [88]}}"
CASE: We report a case of a woman with severe human insulin-induced lipoatrophy who has been treated exclusively with recombinant DNA human insulin since the onset of IDDM.,human insulin,lipoatrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 134], 'end_char': [59, 147]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [79]}}"
CASE: We report a case of a woman with severe human insulin-induced lipoatrophy who has been treated exclusively with recombinant DNA human insulin since the onset of IDDM.,recombinant DNA human insulin,lipoatrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [147]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [79]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: Jet-injection devices might constitute a helpful method to treat those patients affected by severe human insulin-induced lipoatrophy.,human insulin,lipoatrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [134], 'end_char': [145]}}"
Human insulin-induced lipoatrophy.,Human insulin,lipoatrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [33]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of the administration of insulin by a jet-injector device in stopping and reversing severe human insulin-induced lipoatrophy.,human insulin,lipoatrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [140]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [160]}}"
Improved awareness of and further investigation into the neurotoxic effects of ofloxacin may enhance its safe use.,ofloxacin,neurotoxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [75]}}"
Seizures associated with ofloxacin therapy.,ofloxacin,Seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
The renal insufficiency of three patients and the timing of the seizures implicate accumulation of ofloxacin as a contributing factor.,ofloxacin,renal insufficiency,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [23]}}"
The renal insufficiency of three patients and the timing of the seizures implicate accumulation of ofloxacin as a contributing factor.,ofloxacin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [72]}}"
We describe four patients who had seizures while receiving ofloxacin; no other causes were evident.,ofloxacin,seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"A patient is described with the characteristic features of phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome (PHS) including fever, erythroderma, tibial and facial oedema, pinhead-sized facial pustules and abnormal liver function tests.",phenytoin,abnormal liver function tests,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [192], 'end_char': [221]}}"
"A patient is described with the characteristic features of phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome (PHS) including fever, erythroderma, tibial and facial oedema, pinhead-sized facial pustules and abnormal liver function tests.",phenytoin,erythroderma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [130]}}"
"A patient is described with the characteristic features of phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome (PHS) including fever, erythroderma, tibial and facial oedema, pinhead-sized facial pustules and abnormal liver function tests.",phenytoin,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [116]}}"
"A patient is described with the characteristic features of phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome (PHS) including fever, erythroderma, tibial and facial oedema, pinhead-sized facial pustules and abnormal liver function tests.",phenytoin,phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [94]}}"
"A patient is described with the characteristic features of phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome (PHS) including fever, erythroderma, tibial and facial oedema, pinhead-sized facial pustules and abnormal liver function tests.",phenytoin,pinhead-sized facial pustules,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [187]}}"
"A patient is described with the characteristic features of phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome (PHS) including fever, erythroderma, tibial and facial oedema, pinhead-sized facial pustules and abnormal liver function tests.",phenytoin,tibial and facial oedema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [156]}}"
Systemic corticosteroids in the phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome.,phenytoin,phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [67]}}"
A patient is described who developed a poorly differentiated sarcoma after cyclophosphamide was used to treat his rheumatoid arthritis.,cyclophosphamide,sarcoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Sarcoma complicating therapy with cyclophosphamide.,cyclophosphamide,Sarcoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
A chronic reaction associated with long-term treatment with nitrofurantoin has also been reported and causes irreversible pulmonary fibrosis.,nitrofurantoin,pulmonary fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [140]}}"
Acute pulmonary reactions to nitrofurantoin are an uncommon side effect of therapy and can cause minor or life-threatening pulmonary dysfunction.,nitrofurantoin,Acute pulmonary reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
Acute pulmonary reactions to nitrofurantoin are an uncommon side effect of therapy and can cause minor or life-threatening pulmonary dysfunction.,nitrofurantoin,pulmonary dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [144]}}"
"Despite the known pulmonary side effects of nitrofurantoin, there is no report of this toxicity occurring in pregnant patients.",nitrofurantoin,pulmonary side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [58]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [40]}}"
Nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary toxicity during pregnancy: a report of a case and review of the literature.,Nitrofurantoin,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [41]}}"
We present a case of respiratory failure occurring in a woman at 16 weeks' gestation who was being treated with nitrofurantoin for a urinary tract infection.,nitrofurantoin,respiratory failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [40]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [107]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [293], 'end_char': [334]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,cholestatic jaundice,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [181], 'end_char': [201]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,cutaneous eruptions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [128]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,leukopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [87]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [340], 'end_char': [390]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,nephrotic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [203], 'end_char': [221]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,peripheral neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [151]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,psychosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,renal papillary necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [223], 'end_char': [247]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [249], 'end_char': [291]}}"
"Less common adverse events to dapsone include the idiosyncratic reactions of leukopenia and agranulocytosis, cutaneous eruptions, peripheral neuropathy, psychosis, toxic hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, nephrotic syndrome, renal papillary necrosis, severe hypoalbuminemia without proteinuria, an infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome, and minor neurological and gastrointestinal complaints.",dapsone,toxic hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [37]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [164], 'end_char': [179]}}"
"Methemoglobinemia is another common finding among patients receiving dapsone therapy, but rarely does it result in prominent symptoms other than transient pallor.",dapsone,Methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
Acetazolamide-accelerated anticonvulsant osteomalacia.,Acetazolamide,osteomalacia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"Acetazolamide may have accelerated the development of osteomalacia by several mechanisms, including increased renal calcium excretion.",Acetazolamide,osteomalacia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [66]}}"
"Severe osteomalacia was present in two epileptic patients who were under long-term treatment with congeners of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and acetazolamide.",acetazolamide,Severe osteomalacia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [154]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Severe osteomalacia was present in two epileptic patients who were under long-term treatment with congeners of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and acetazolamide.",phenobarbital,Severe osteomalacia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [135]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Severe osteomalacia was present in two epileptic patients who were under long-term treatment with congeners of phenytoin, phenobarbital, and acetazolamide.",phenytoin,Severe osteomalacia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
The delayed encephalopathy developed 9 and 22 months respectively after the first dose of intrathecal methotrexate.,methotrexate,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"We report the case histories of identical twin brothers who developed concordant acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 4 years and who later developed leukoencephalopathy and hydrocephalus related to central nervous system prophylaxis by, in the first case intrathecally administered methotrexate and, in the second by intrathecally administered methotrexate and cranial irradiation.",methotrexate,hydrocephalus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [289, 351], 'end_char': [301, 363]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [180], 'end_char': [193]}}"
"We report the case histories of identical twin brothers who developed concordant acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 4 years and who later developed leukoencephalopathy and hydrocephalus related to central nervous system prophylaxis by, in the first case intrathecally administered methotrexate and, in the second by intrathecally administered methotrexate and cranial irradiation.",methotrexate,hydrocephalus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [289, 351], 'end_char': [301, 363]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [180], 'end_char': [193]}}"
"We report the case histories of identical twin brothers who developed concordant acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 4 years and who later developed leukoencephalopathy and hydrocephalus related to central nervous system prophylaxis by, in the first case intrathecally administered methotrexate and, in the second by intrathecally administered methotrexate and cranial irradiation.",methotrexate,leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [289, 351], 'end_char': [301, 363]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [156], 'end_char': [175]}}"
"We report the case histories of identical twin brothers who developed concordant acute lymphoblastic leukemia at the age of 4 years and who later developed leukoencephalopathy and hydrocephalus related to central nervous system prophylaxis by, in the first case intrathecally administered methotrexate and, in the second by intrathecally administered methotrexate and cranial irradiation.",methotrexate,leukoencephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [289, 351], 'end_char': [301, 363]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [156], 'end_char': [175]}}"
A retrospective study was conducted of 40 loperamide poisoning cases recorded at the Centre National d'Informations Toxicologiques Veterinaires.,loperamide,loperamide poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [62]}}"
Loperamide poisoning in the dog.,Loperamide,Loperamide poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
a 67-year-old man with bipolar disorder developed a Creutzfeldt-Jakob like syndrome during lithium carbonate treatment.,lithium carbonate,Creutzfeldt-Jakob like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [108]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Lithium-induced Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome.,Lithium,Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"Lithium neurotoxicity should be considered in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease differential diagnosis, serial electroencephalograms being the most valuable.",Lithium,Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [71]}}"
"Lithium neurotoxicity should be considered in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease differential diagnosis, serial electroencephalograms being the most valuable.",Lithium,Lithium neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
"Several cases of lithium-induced Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome have been reported to date; all of them were elderly patients and a half had ""therapeutic"" lithium serum levels.",lithium,Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17, 151], 'end_char': [24, 158]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [59]}}"
"Several cases of lithium-induced Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome have been reported to date; all of them were elderly patients and a half had ""therapeutic"" lithium serum levels.",lithium,Creutzfeldt-Jakob syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17, 151], 'end_char': [24, 158]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [59]}}"
A noninvasive method in the differential diagnosis of vecuronium-induced and magnesium-induced protracted neuromuscular block in a severely preeclamptic patient.,magnesium,protracted neuromuscular block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [125]}}"
A noninvasive method in the differential diagnosis of vecuronium-induced and magnesium-induced protracted neuromuscular block in a severely preeclamptic patient.,vecuronium,protracted neuromuscular block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [125]}}"
The occurrence of neuromuscular blockade and the resulting potentiation of muscle relaxants during magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration is well known.,magnesium sulfate,neuromuscular blockade,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [40]}}"
The occurrence of neuromuscular blockade and the resulting potentiation of muscle relaxants during magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration is well known.,MgSO4,neuromuscular blockade,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [40]}}"
The occurrence of neuromuscular blockade and the resulting potentiation of muscle relaxants during magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration is well known.,magnesium sulfate,potentiation of muscle relaxants,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [91]}}"
The occurrence of neuromuscular blockade and the resulting potentiation of muscle relaxants during magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration is well known.,MgSO4,potentiation of muscle relaxants,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [91]}}"
"We also describe a new, noninvasive method to assess magnesium-induced neuromuscular block when curariform muscle relaxant was given simultaneously.",magnesium,neuromuscular block,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [90]}}"
Hepatobiliary disorders associated with orally administered terbinafine have rarely been reported.,terbinafine,Hepatobiliary disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
Terbinafine-induced cholestatic liver disease.,Terbinafine,cholestatic liver disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [45]}}"
We describe a case of prolonged terbinafine-induced cholestatic liver disease.,terbinafine,cholestatic liver disease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [77]}}"
A patient with a large hydatid cyst of the left lobe of the liver developed metabolic acidosis following rather liberal use of cetrimide-chlorhexidine solution as a scolicidal agent.,cetrimide,metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [94]}}"
A patient with a large hydatid cyst of the left lobe of the liver developed metabolic acidosis following rather liberal use of cetrimide-chlorhexidine solution as a scolicidal agent.,chlorhexidine,metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [94]}}"
Metabolic acidosis induced by cetrimide-chlorhexidine solution in hydatid cyst surgery.,cetrimide,Metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Metabolic acidosis induced by cetrimide-chlorhexidine solution in hydatid cyst surgery.,chlorhexidine,Metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
An unusual case of Ecstasy poisoning.,Ecstasy,Ecstasy poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"We describe a case of poisoning with 3,4-methylenedioxymet-amphetamine Ecstasy that presented with all the features suggestive of a fatal outcome, including a creatinine phosphokinase level markedly higher than any previously reported.","3,4-methylenedioxymet-amphetamine Ecstasy",poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"However, dermatologists should be cautious about a photosensitivity reaction induced by mequitazine or other phenothiazine-derivative drugs.",mequitazine,photosensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [99]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [67]}}"
"In addition, an immediate erythematous macule was observed on the photopatch test site of mequitazine directly after UV exposure which was similar to the immediate erythema noted in chlorpromazine photoallergy.",mequitazine,erythematous macule,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [45]}}"
"In addition, an immediate erythematous macule was observed on the photopatch test site of mequitazine directly after UV exposure which was similar to the immediate erythema noted in chlorpromazine photoallergy.",mequitazine,immediate erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16, 154], 'end_char': [34, 172]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,cross-reaction to promethazine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [245], 'end_char': [275]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,cross-reaction to promethazine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [245], 'end_char': [275]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",promethazine,cross-reaction to promethazine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [263], 'end_char': [275]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [245], 'end_char': [275]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,decreased MED to both UVA and UVB,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [277], 'end_char': [310]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,decreased MED to both UVA and UVB,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [277], 'end_char': [310]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",promethazine,decreased MED to both UVA and UVB,"{'drug': {'start_char': [263], 'end_char': [275]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [277], 'end_char': [310]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [226], 'end_char': [234]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [226], 'end_char': [234]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",promethazine,erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [263], 'end_char': [275]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [226], 'end_char': [234]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,persistence of the photosensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [316], 'end_char': [351]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",mequitazine,persistence of the photosensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130, 412], 'end_char': [141, 423]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [316], 'end_char': [351]}}"
"In case no. 2, the pathogenic mechanism seemed to be persistent light reaction preceded by systemic photoallergy, as he had taken mequitazine for 6 months, and there were strong positive photopatch test results with immediate erythema reaction, cross-reaction to promethazine, decreased MED to both UVA and UVB, and persistence of the photosensitivity over a 3-year follow-up period after discontinuation of the mequitazine.",promethazine,persistence of the photosensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [263], 'end_char': [275]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [316], 'end_char': [351]}}"
"Mequitazine seemed to play a part similar to chlorpromazine, and absence of mequitazine-induced photosensitivity may be due to a relatively low dosage of the drug.",mequitazine,photosensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [112]}}"
Two cases of mequitazine-induced photosensitivity reactions.,mequitazine,photosensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [59]}}"
We experienced 2 cases of mequitazine-induced photosensitivity reaction in patients who took mequitazine for their dermatologic problems.,mequitazine,photosensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26, 93], 'end_char': [37, 104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [71]}}"
We experienced 2 cases of mequitazine-induced photosensitivity reaction in patients who took mequitazine for their dermatologic problems.,mequitazine,photosensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26, 93], 'end_char': [37, 104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Keratitis in methamphetamine abusers.,methamphetamine,Keratitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}}"
"Methamphetamine's extensive physiologic effects, inconsistent street purity, and multiple routes of administration offer many possibilities for injury to the cornea.",Methamphetamine,injury to the cornea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [164]}}"
"Potential causes of methamphetamine-related keratitis can be divided into four categories resulting from (a) direct pharmacologic and physical effects of methamphetamine; (b) the toxic effects of diluting or ""cutting"" agents such as lidocaine and quinine; (c) effects related to the route of drug administration (intravenous, inhalation, smoking); and (d) manufacture-related effects of exposure to unintentional caustic contaminants in the final product.",lidocaine,keratitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [233], 'end_char': [242]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"Potential causes of methamphetamine-related keratitis can be divided into four categories resulting from (a) direct pharmacologic and physical effects of methamphetamine; (b) the toxic effects of diluting or ""cutting"" agents such as lidocaine and quinine; (c) effects related to the route of drug administration (intravenous, inhalation, smoking); and (d) manufacture-related effects of exposure to unintentional caustic contaminants in the final product.",methamphetamine,keratitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20, 154], 'end_char': [35, 169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"Potential causes of methamphetamine-related keratitis can be divided into four categories resulting from (a) direct pharmacologic and physical effects of methamphetamine; (b) the toxic effects of diluting or ""cutting"" agents such as lidocaine and quinine; (c) effects related to the route of drug administration (intravenous, inhalation, smoking); and (d) manufacture-related effects of exposure to unintentional caustic contaminants in the final product.",quinine,keratitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [247], 'end_char': [254]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"Potential causes of methamphetamine-related keratitis can be divided into four categories resulting from (a) direct pharmacologic and physical effects of methamphetamine; (b) the toxic effects of diluting or ""cutting"" agents such as lidocaine and quinine; (c) effects related to the route of drug administration (intravenous, inhalation, smoking); and (d) manufacture-related effects of exposure to unintentional caustic contaminants in the final product.",lidocaine,toxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [233], 'end_char': [242]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [192]}}"
"Potential causes of methamphetamine-related keratitis can be divided into four categories resulting from (a) direct pharmacologic and physical effects of methamphetamine; (b) the toxic effects of diluting or ""cutting"" agents such as lidocaine and quinine; (c) effects related to the route of drug administration (intravenous, inhalation, smoking); and (d) manufacture-related effects of exposure to unintentional caustic contaminants in the final product.",methamphetamine,toxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20, 154], 'end_char': [35, 169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [192]}}"
"Potential causes of methamphetamine-related keratitis can be divided into four categories resulting from (a) direct pharmacologic and physical effects of methamphetamine; (b) the toxic effects of diluting or ""cutting"" agents such as lidocaine and quinine; (c) effects related to the route of drug administration (intravenous, inhalation, smoking); and (d) manufacture-related effects of exposure to unintentional caustic contaminants in the final product.",quinine,toxic effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [247], 'end_char': [254]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [192]}}"
The increasing prevalence of methamphetamine abuse and the severity of the associated ulcers should alert ophthalmologists to the problem of methamphetamine-related keratitis.,methamphetamine,keratitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29, 141], 'end_char': [44, 156]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [174]}}"
The increasing prevalence of methamphetamine abuse and the severity of the associated ulcers should alert ophthalmologists to the problem of methamphetamine-related keratitis.,methamphetamine,ulcers,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29, 141], 'end_char': [44, 156]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [92]}}"
We report four cases of severe corneal ulceration in methamphetamine abusers.,methamphetamine,severe corneal ulceration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [49]}}"
"BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) may induce liver damage, which in some psoriatics will lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.",Methotrexate,cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [115]}}"
"BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) may induce liver damage, which in some psoriatics will lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.",MTX,cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [115]}}"
"BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) may induce liver damage, which in some psoriatics will lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.",Methotrexate,fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) may induce liver damage, which in some psoriatics will lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.",MTX,fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) may induce liver damage, which in some psoriatics will lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.",Methotrexate,liver damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [54]}}"
"BACKGROUND: Methotrexate (MTX) may induce liver damage, which in some psoriatics will lead to fibrosis or cirrhosis.",MTX,liver damage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [54]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that in most patients MTX-induced liver cirrhosis is not aggressive.,MTX,liver cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [83]}}"
"However, continued low-dose MTX led, in spite of normal liver tests, 8 years after the last biopsy to liver failure and death in 1 of our patients.",MTX,death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [125]}}"
"However, continued low-dose MTX led, in spite of normal liver tests, 8 years after the last biopsy to liver failure and death in 1 of our patients.",MTX,liver failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [115]}}"
Methotrexate-induced liver cirrhosis.,Methotrexate,liver cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Studies performed 10 years ago on 25 patients with MTX-induced liver cirrhosis indicated that this type of cirrhosis was not of an aggressive nature.,MTX,cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69, 107], 'end_char': [78, 116]}}"
Studies performed 10 years ago on 25 patients with MTX-induced liver cirrhosis indicated that this type of cirrhosis was not of an aggressive nature.,MTX,liver cirrhosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",cresol,high fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [189]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",insulin,high fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [179], 'end_char': [189]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",cresol,increasing myalgia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [165]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",insulin,increasing myalgia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [165]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",cresol,lost consciousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [233], 'end_char': [251]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",insulin,lost consciousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [233], 'end_char': [251]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",cresol,respiratory and metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [194], 'end_char': [228]}}"
"After therapy for diabetic coma with insulin (containing the preservative cresol) and electrolyte solutions was started, the patient complained of increasing myalgia, developed a high fever and respiratory and metabolic acidosis and lost consciousness.",insulin,respiratory and metabolic acidosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [194], 'end_char': [228]}}"
"However, other factors or drugs (e.g. cresol) are thought to induce MH.",cresol,MH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [70]}}"
This case supports the assessment that MH and diabetes are associated diseases and that cresol could possibly trigger MH.,cresol,MH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39, 118], 'end_char': [41, 120]}}"
The use of beclomethasone diproprionate inhaler complicated by the development of an eosinophilic pneumonia reaction.,beclomethasone diproprionate,eosinophilic pneumonia reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [116]}}"
Fatal intravascular autoimmune hemolytic anemia after fludarabine treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.,fludarabine,Fatal intravascular autoimmune hemolytic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [47]}}"
"Physicians should be aware of the risk of severe AIHA in CLL patients with a history of AIHA or positivation of the DAT during previous fludarabine administration, or in case of secondary fixation of complement to the red cell membrane occurring during fludarabine treatment.",fludarabine,AIHA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136, 253], 'end_char': [147, 264]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49, 88], 'end_char': [53, 92]}}"
"Physicians should be aware of the risk of severe AIHA in CLL patients with a history of AIHA or positivation of the DAT during previous fludarabine administration, or in case of secondary fixation of complement to the red cell membrane occurring during fludarabine treatment.",fludarabine,AIHA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136, 253], 'end_char': [147, 264]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49, 88], 'end_char': [53, 92]}}"
"Physicians should be aware of the risk of severe AIHA in CLL patients with a history of AIHA or positivation of the DAT during previous fludarabine administration, or in case of secondary fixation of complement to the red cell membrane occurring during fludarabine treatment.",fludarabine,AIHA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136, 253], 'end_char': [147, 264]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49, 88], 'end_char': [53, 92]}}"
"Physicians should be aware of the risk of severe AIHA in CLL patients with a history of AIHA or positivation of the DAT during previous fludarabine administration, or in case of secondary fixation of complement to the red cell membrane occurring during fludarabine treatment.",fludarabine,AIHA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136, 253], 'end_char': [147, 264]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49, 88], 'end_char': [53, 92]}}"
"Physicians should be aware of the risk of severe AIHA in CLL patients with a history of AIHA or positivation of the DAT during previous fludarabine administration, or in case of secondary fixation of complement to the red cell membrane occurring during fludarabine treatment.",fludarabine,positivation of the DAT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136, 253], 'end_char': [147, 264]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [119]}}"
"Physicians should be aware of the risk of severe AIHA in CLL patients with a history of AIHA or positivation of the DAT during previous fludarabine administration, or in case of secondary fixation of complement to the red cell membrane occurring during fludarabine treatment.",fludarabine,positivation of the DAT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [136, 253], 'end_char': [147, 264]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [119]}}"
The occurrence of severe AIHA in CLL patients treated with fludarabine has been reported by several authors.,fludarabine,AIHA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [29]}}"
We report the case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who developed fatal intravascular autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after fludarabine treatment.,fludarabine,AIHA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [158]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [135], 'end_char': [139]}}"
We report the case of a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) who developed fatal intravascular autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) after fludarabine treatment.,fludarabine,fatal intravascular autoimmune hemolytic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [158]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [133]}}"
"When the patient was treated again with fludarabine nine months later, the DAT became positive with anti-IgG and anti-C3d antiglobulins after the second course of treatment.",fludarabine,DAT became positive with anti-IgG and anti-C3d antiglobulins,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [135]}}"
She had just finished a 3-week course of intravenous tobramycin for bronchiectasis and had an elevated serum tobramycin trough level 1 week before the onset of tetany.,tobramycin,tetany,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53, 109], 'end_char': [63, 119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [166]}}"
Tetany in a child with AIDS receiving intravenous tobramycin.,tobramycin,Tetany,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [6]}}"
This pattern is suggestive of renal toxicity due to tobramycin.,tobramycin,renal toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: In our reported case, a local hyperproduction of TNF-alpha from macrophages that was induced by the injected insulin could explain the dedifferentiation of the adipocytes of the subcutaneous tissue and the reversion that was induced by the local injection of dexamethasone.",insulin,dedifferentiation of the adipocytes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [129]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [183]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: In our reported case, a local hyperproduction of TNF-alpha from macrophages that was induced by the injected insulin could explain the dedifferentiation of the adipocytes of the subcutaneous tissue and the reversion that was induced by the local injection of dexamethasone.",insulin,hyperproduction of TNF-alpha,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [129]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Insulin-induced lipoatrophy in type I diabetes.,Insulin,lipoatrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [27]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha may mediate the loss and the dedifferentiation of subcutaneous fat tissue in the insulin-induced lipoatrophies of a diabetic patient who presented extensive lesions.,insulin,lipoatrophies,"{'drug': {'start_char': [154], 'end_char': [161]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [170], 'end_char': [183]}}"
Erosion of psoriatic plaques: an early sign of methotrexate toxicity.,methotrexate,Erosion of psoriatic plaques,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Erosion of psoriatic plaques: an early sign of methotrexate toxicity.,methotrexate,methotrexate toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Methotrexate is an effective but potentially toxic treatment for psoriasis.,Methotrexate,potentially toxic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [50]}}"
Painful erosion of psoriatic plaques is a less common sign of methotrexate toxicity that may precede evidence of bone marrow suppression.,methotrexate,bone marrow suppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [136]}}"
Painful erosion of psoriatic plaques is a less common sign of methotrexate toxicity that may precede evidence of bone marrow suppression.,methotrexate,methotrexate toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Painful erosion of psoriatic plaques is a less common sign of methotrexate toxicity that may precede evidence of bone marrow suppression.,methotrexate,Painful erosion of psoriatic plaques,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"We describe two patients in whom painful erosions of their psoriasis developed as the presenting sign of methotrexate toxicity and review the literature, emphasizing the risk factors associated with this manifestation.",methotrexate,methotrexate toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [126]}}"
"We describe two patients in whom painful erosions of their psoriasis developed as the presenting sign of methotrexate toxicity and review the literature, emphasizing the risk factors associated with this manifestation.",methotrexate,painful erosions of their psoriasis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Well-known signs of methotrexate toxicity include bone marrow suppression and oral and gastrointestinal ulceration.,methotrexate,bone marrow suppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [73]}}"
Well-known signs of methotrexate toxicity include bone marrow suppression and oral and gastrointestinal ulceration.,methotrexate,methotrexate toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [41]}}"
Well-known signs of methotrexate toxicity include bone marrow suppression and oral and gastrointestinal ulceration.,methotrexate,oral and gastrointestinal ulceration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [114]}}"
"After treatment with cimetidine, there was a rapid deterioration with decreased oxygen saturation and arterial PO2 values.",cimetidine,decreased oxygen saturation and arterial PO2,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Caution with use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding.,cimetidine,upper gastrointestinal bleeding,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [84]}}"
Caution with use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal bleeding.,tolazoline,upper gastrointestinal bleeding,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"However, given the clinically significant result to the interaction between tolazoline and cimetidine we report, the use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage should deserve more attention.",cimetidine,upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91, 124], 'end_char': [101, 134]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [190]}}"
"However, given the clinically significant result to the interaction between tolazoline and cimetidine we report, the use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage should deserve more attention.",cimetidine,upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91, 124], 'end_char': [101, 134]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [190]}}"
"However, given the clinically significant result to the interaction between tolazoline and cimetidine we report, the use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage should deserve more attention.",tolazoline,upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76, 138], 'end_char': [86, 148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [190]}}"
"However, given the clinically significant result to the interaction between tolazoline and cimetidine we report, the use of cimetidine in tolazoline induced upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage should deserve more attention.",tolazoline,upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76, 138], 'end_char': [86, 148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [190]}}"
"Hypoxemia improved during continuous tolazoline infusion, but gastrointestinal bleeding occurred.",tolazoline,gastrointestinal bleeding,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [87]}}"
"Zolpidem (Ambien), a relatively new nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic, was involved in the death of a 39-year-old obese male who was being treated for depression and insomnia.",Ambien,death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [98]}}"
"Zolpidem (Ambien), a relatively new nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic, was involved in the death of a 39-year-old obese male who was being treated for depression and insomnia.",Zolpidem,death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [93], 'end_char': [98]}}"
Zolpidem tissue concentrations in a multiple drug related death involving Ambien.,Ambien,death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [63]}}"
Zolpidem tissue concentrations in a multiple drug related death involving Ambien.,Zolpidem,death,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [63]}}"
"Acute nitrite toxicity results from industrial exposure, accidental ingestion (e.g., abuse of organic nitrites as an aphrodisiac, especially in the male homosexual population), and suicidal ingestion.",nitrite,nitrite toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6, 102], 'end_char': [13, 109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Infants are particularly susceptible to chronic nitrate-induced methemoglobinemia because of their low stomach acid production, large numbers of nitrite-reducing bacteria, and the relatively easy oxidation of fetal hemoglobin.",nitrate,methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [81]}}"
Acute esmolol toxicity may be self-limiting because of its extremely short half-life.,esmolol,esmolol toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"After induction of general anesthesia and administration of a standard dose of intravenous esmolol hydrochloride, her cardiac rhythm progressed to asystole.",esmolol hydrochloride,asystole,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [155]}}"
Cardiac arrest after esmolol administration: a review of acute beta-blocker toxicity.,esmolol,Cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
Atenolol induced memory impairment: a case report.,Atenolol,memory impairment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [34]}}"
His impaired memory was found to be due to the atenolol he was on and he made a complete recovery on withdrawing the beta-blocker.,atenolol,impaired memory,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [19]}}"
A potential role for renal and hepatic impairment in the observed protracted course of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is suggested.,amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [120]}}"
"Failure of plasmapheresis, corticosteroids and thionamides to ameliorate a case of protracted amiodarone-induced thyroiditis.",amiodarone,thyroiditis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [124]}}"
"We report a case of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis of protracted duration, unresponsive to conventional thionamide therapy, with therapy limited by severe adverse drug reactions.",amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Psychotic disorder associated with isoniazid.,isoniazid,Psychotic disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
We evaluated a patient who developed a psychotic disorder after 4 months of isoniazid prophylaxis for a positive tuberculosis tine test.,isoniazid,psychotic disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [57]}}"
A case report is presented concerning the administration of ketanserin in the treatment of pulmonary vasoconstriction and right ventricular failure following the infusion of protamine in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and mitral valve replacement.,protamine,pulmonary vasoconstriction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [174], 'end_char': [183]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [117]}}"
A case report is presented concerning the administration of ketanserin in the treatment of pulmonary vasoconstriction and right ventricular failure following the infusion of protamine in a patient undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery and mitral valve replacement.,protamine,right ventricular failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [174], 'end_char': [183]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [147]}}"
Ketanserin in the treatment of protamine-induced pulmonary hypertension.,protamine,pulmonary hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [71]}}"
"The reversal of heparin by protamine may cause severe hemodynamic deterioration, characterized by systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, and bronchoconstriction.",protamine,bronchoconstriction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"The reversal of heparin by protamine may cause severe hemodynamic deterioration, characterized by systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, and bronchoconstriction.",protamine,pulmonary hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [142]}}"
"The reversal of heparin by protamine may cause severe hemodynamic deterioration, characterized by systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, and bronchoconstriction.",protamine,severe hemodynamic deterioration,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [79]}}"
"The reversal of heparin by protamine may cause severe hemodynamic deterioration, characterized by systemic hypotension, pulmonary hypertension, and bronchoconstriction.",protamine,systemic hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [118]}}"
"A drug addict with staphylococcal endocarditis treated with methicillin, who developed massive proteinuria and acute nephritic syndrome is described.",methicillin,acute nephritic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [135]}}"
"A drug addict with staphylococcal endocarditis treated with methicillin, who developed massive proteinuria and acute nephritic syndrome is described.",methicillin,massive proteinuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [106]}}"
"Focal glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis in methicillin-treated, heroin-related infective endocarditis.",methicillin,Focal glomerulonephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"Focal glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis in methicillin-treated, heroin-related infective endocarditis.",methicillin,interstitial nephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [51]}}"
METHODS/RESULTS: This paper presents a new case of rifabutin uveitis and a review of the various published reports to date.,rifabutin,uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [68]}}"
over the past 3 years there have been several reports of uveitis associated with rifabutin therapy.,rifabutin,uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [64]}}"
Uveitis associated with rifabutin therapy: a clinical alert.,rifabutin,Uveitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
CASE DESCRIPTION: A 59-year-old man with known neurocysticercosis developed a large cerebral infarction during praziquantel therapy.,praziquantel,large cerebral infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [111], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [103]}}"
Large cerebral infarction during praziquantel therapy in neurocysticercosis.,praziquantel,Large cerebral infarction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [228], 'end_char': [236]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [228], 'end_char': [236]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,mucositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [250], 'end_char': [259]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,mucositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [250], 'end_char': [259]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,myelosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [261], 'end_char': [277]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,myelosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [261], 'end_char': [277]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [279], 'end_char': [292]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [279], 'end_char': [292]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,stomatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [238], 'end_char': [248]}}"
"DATA SYNTHESIS: Genetic deficiencies in DPD, the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for 5-FU catabolism, may occur in 3% or more of patients with cancer putting them at increased risk for unusually severe adverse reactions (e.g., diarrhea, stomatitis, mucositis, myelosuppression, neurotoxicity) to standard doses of 5-FU.",5-FU,stomatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86, 315], 'end_char': [90, 319]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [238], 'end_char': [248]}}"
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency: a pharmacogenetic defect causing severe adverse reactions to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy.,5-fluorouracil,severe adverse reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [101]}}"
"PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the pharmacogenetic syndrome of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency, which predisposes patients with cancer to potentially lethal adverse reactions following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy.",5-fluorouracil,lethal adverse reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [203], 'end_char': [217]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [192]}}"
"PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the pharmacogenetic syndrome of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency, which predisposes patients with cancer to potentially lethal adverse reactions following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy.",5-FU,lethal adverse reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [219], 'end_char': [223]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [192]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [236], 'end_char': [240]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,coma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [236], 'end_char': [240]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [217], 'end_char': [231]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,encephalopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [217], 'end_char': [231]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,neurologic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [189], 'end_char': [208]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,neurologic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [189], 'end_char': [208]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,severe acute 5-FU reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [83]}}"
"The principle treatment for DPD-deficient patients with severe acute 5-FU reactions is supportive care; however, the administration of thymidine potentially may reverse severe 5-FU-induced neurologic symptoms such as encephalopathy and coma.",5-FU,severe acute 5-FU reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69, 176], 'end_char': [73, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [83]}}"
A 49-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone and mesalamine (5-ASA) developed worsening respiratory distress and fever.,5-ASA,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [136]}}"
A 49-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone and mesalamine (5-ASA) developed worsening respiratory distress and fever.,mesalamine,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [136]}}"
A 49-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone and mesalamine (5-ASA) developed worsening respiratory distress and fever.,prednisone,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [136]}}"
A 49-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone and mesalamine (5-ASA) developed worsening respiratory distress and fever.,5-ASA,worsening respiratory distress,"{'drug': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [126]}}"
A 49-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone and mesalamine (5-ASA) developed worsening respiratory distress and fever.,mesalamine,worsening respiratory distress,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [126]}}"
A 49-year-old man with Crohn's disease treated with prednisone and mesalamine (5-ASA) developed worsening respiratory distress and fever.,prednisone,worsening respiratory distress,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [126]}}"
Mesalamine-induced hypersensitivity pneumonitis.,Mesalamine,hypersensitivity pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [47]}}"
Mesalamine may cause hypersensitivity pneumonitis in patients with Crohn's disease.,Mesalamine,hypersensitivity pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Immunosuppression elicited by the extensive administration of prednisolone was suspected for the initiation of the generalized mite infestation.,prednisolone,mite infestation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [127], 'end_char': [143]}}"
BACKGROUND: Colchicine has a known adverse effect on wound healing through its inhibitory effect on tubulin-dependent cell functions and through collagenase activation.,Colchicine,adverse effect on wound healing,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [66]}}"
BACKGROUND: Colchicine has a known adverse effect on wound healing through its inhibitory effect on tubulin-dependent cell functions and through collagenase activation.,Colchicine,collagenase activation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [145], 'end_char': [167]}}"
CONCLUSION: The findings in these two patients suggest that colchicine may delay corneal wound healing.,colchicine,delay corneal wound healing,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [70]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [102]}}"
Delay of corneal wound healing in patients treated with colchicine.,colchicine,Delay of corneal wound healing,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [30]}}"
The authors report on two patients with corneal ulcers refractory to conventional treatment while the patients were undergoing oral colchicine therapy.,colchicine,corneal ulcers refractory to conventional treatment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [91]}}"
"The authors suggest that in patients with corneal ulcers refractory to conventional treatment who are receiving colchicine, cessation of colchicine therapy should be considered.",colchicine,corneal ulcers refractory to conventional treatment,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112, 137], 'end_char': [122, 147]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [93]}}"
Fulminant hepatic failure associated with bicalutamide.,bicalutamide,Fulminant hepatic failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
A 17-year-old female patient who had been taking oral minocycline (50 mg twice daily) for 3 weeks for acne developed an eruption that progressed to an exfoliative dermatitis.,minocycline,eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [128]}}"
A 17-year-old female patient who had been taking oral minocycline (50 mg twice daily) for 3 weeks for acne developed an eruption that progressed to an exfoliative dermatitis.,minocycline,exfoliative dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [173]}}"
"Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: a severe adverse reaction to minocycline.",minocycline,dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: a severe adverse reaction to minocycline.",minocycline,eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: a severe adverse reaction to minocycline.",minocycline,Fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [5]}}"
"Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: a severe adverse reaction to minocycline.",minocycline,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}}"
"Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: a severe adverse reaction to minocycline.",minocycline,lymphadenopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [7], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"Fever, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia, lymphocytosis, hepatitis, and dermatitis: a severe adverse reaction to minocycline.",minocycline,lymphocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"This severe illness was likely caused by minocycline, and we speculate that minocycline may have acted as a superantigen, causing lymphocyte over-activation and massive cytokine release.",minocycline,lymphocyte over-activation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41, 76], 'end_char': [52, 87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [156]}}"
"This severe illness was likely caused by minocycline, and we speculate that minocycline may have acted as a superantigen, causing lymphocyte over-activation and massive cytokine release.",minocycline,massive cytokine release,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41, 76], 'end_char': [52, 87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [161], 'end_char': [185]}}"
"This severe illness was likely caused by minocycline, and we speculate that minocycline may have acted as a superantigen, causing lymphocyte over-activation and massive cytokine release.",minocycline,severe illness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41, 76], 'end_char': [52, 87]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [5], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Delayed hypersensitivity to flurbiprofen.,flurbiprofen,Delayed hypersensitivity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Eye movement disorders in bone marrow transplant patients on cyclosporin and ganciclovir.,cyclosporin,Eye movement disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Eye movement disorders in bone marrow transplant patients on cyclosporin and ganciclovir.,ganciclovir,Eye movement disorders,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [88]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
One patient had MRI T2 abnormalities compatible with cyclosporin neurotoxicity.,cyclosporin,MRI T2 abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [36]}}"
One patient had MRI T2 abnormalities compatible with cyclosporin neurotoxicity.,cyclosporin,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"We postulate that cyclosporin, possibly together with ganciclovir, can produce transient brain stem or neuromuscular dysfunction with eye movement abnormality in occasional patients.",cyclosporin,eye movement abnormality,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [134], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"We postulate that cyclosporin, possibly together with ganciclovir, can produce transient brain stem or neuromuscular dysfunction with eye movement abnormality in occasional patients.",ganciclovir,eye movement abnormality,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [134], 'end_char': [158]}}"
"We postulate that cyclosporin, possibly together with ganciclovir, can produce transient brain stem or neuromuscular dysfunction with eye movement abnormality in occasional patients.",cyclosporin,transient brain stem or neuromuscular dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [128]}}"
"We postulate that cyclosporin, possibly together with ganciclovir, can produce transient brain stem or neuromuscular dysfunction with eye movement abnormality in occasional patients.",ganciclovir,transient brain stem or neuromuscular dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [79], 'end_char': [128]}}"
"CONCLUSION: While thrombosis has been reported with GnRH-a therapy in men with prostate cancer, its association with treatment in this benign case may have been a consequence of the massive tumor size.",GnRH-a,thrombosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [58]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"The possible effects of tamoxifen upon the uterus are discussed in this article, in view of reports of tamoxifen associated with endometrial carcinoma and endometriosis.",tamoxifen,endometrial carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24, 103], 'end_char': [33, 112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [150]}}"
"The possible effects of tamoxifen upon the uterus are discussed in this article, in view of reports of tamoxifen associated with endometrial carcinoma and endometriosis.",tamoxifen,endometriosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24, 103], 'end_char': [33, 112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [155], 'end_char': [168]}}"
Case study: adverse response to clonidine.,clonidine,adverse response,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [28]}}"
Four cases of adverse experiences with clonidine are described.,clonidine,adverse experiences,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [33]}}"
In one instance a systemic hypoglycemic reaction resulting in head trauma and confusion ended in an emegency hospital admission following the substitution of acetohexamide for acetazolamide.,acetohexamide,confusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [171]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [87]}}"
In one instance a systemic hypoglycemic reaction resulting in head trauma and confusion ended in an emegency hospital admission following the substitution of acetohexamide for acetazolamide.,acetohexamide,head trauma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [171]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [73]}}"
In one instance a systemic hypoglycemic reaction resulting in head trauma and confusion ended in an emegency hospital admission following the substitution of acetohexamide for acetazolamide.,acetohexamide,systemic hypoglycemic reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [171]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [48]}}"
Discontinuation of the itraconazole caused resolution of the drug eruption.,itraconazole,drug eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [74]}}"
Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis and subsequent drug eruption to itraconazole in a dog.,itraconazole,drug eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [65]}}"
Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis and subsequent drug eruption to itraconazole in a dog.,itraconazole,Primary cutaneous coccidioidomycosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"Its overall toxicity is considerably less compared to standard induction chemotherapy; however, it is associated with a high incidence of a potentially fatal symptom complex referred to as ""retinoic acid syndrome."" This report describes a patient with APL who developed the syndrome a few weeks after initiating induction therapy with ATRA despite being treated for hyperleukocytosis.",retinoic acid,potentially fatal symptom,"{'drug': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [203]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [165]}}"
"Its overall toxicity is considerably less compared to standard induction chemotherapy; however, it is associated with a high incidence of a potentially fatal symptom complex referred to as ""retinoic acid syndrome."" This report describes a patient with APL who developed the syndrome a few weeks after initiating induction therapy with ATRA despite being treated for hyperleukocytosis.",retinoic acid,retinoic acid syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [203]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [212]}}"
"Its overall toxicity is considerably less compared to standard induction chemotherapy; however, it is associated with a high incidence of a potentially fatal symptom complex referred to as ""retinoic acid syndrome."" This report describes a patient with APL who developed the syndrome a few weeks after initiating induction therapy with ATRA despite being treated for hyperleukocytosis.",retinoic acid,toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [203]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [20]}}"
"Eleven days after initiation of therapy with amiodarone, the patient experienced syncope and was noted to have recurrent episodes of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia.",amiodarone,polymorphous ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [169]}}"
"Eleven days after initiation of therapy with amiodarone, the patient experienced syncope and was noted to have recurrent episodes of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia.",amiodarone,syncope,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [88]}}"
Nonsustained polymorphous ventricular tachycardia during amiodarone therapy for atrial fibrillation complicating cardiomyopathy.,amiodarone,Nonsustained polymorphous ventricular tachycardia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [49]}}"
"The probable proarrhythmic action of amiodarone, although rare, is reviewed along with a discussion of the novel use of intravenous magnesium sulfate therapy.",amiodarone,proarrhythmic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Acute asthma associated with sustained-release verapamil.,verapamil,Acute asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [47], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Although dyspnea associated with verapamil administration has been reported, this is the first report of an elderly asymptomatic asthmatic patient with hypertension who developed an acute asthma attack following sustained-release verapamil administration.",verapamil,acute asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33, 230], 'end_char': [42, 239]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [182], 'end_char': [194]}}"
"Although dyspnea associated with verapamil administration has been reported, this is the first report of an elderly asymptomatic asthmatic patient with hypertension who developed an acute asthma attack following sustained-release verapamil administration.",verapamil,dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33, 230], 'end_char': [42, 239]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [16]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: Sustained-release verapamil is thought to be the cause of the asthma attack in this patient because she was not taking any other preparations; the symptoms started with the administration of sustained-release verapamil and were relieved after its discontinuation.,verapamil,asthma attack,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31, 222], 'end_char': [40, 231]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [88]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: Sustained-release verapamil is thought to be the cause of the asthma attack in this patient because she was not taking any other preparations; the symptoms started with the administration of sustained-release verapamil and were relieved after its discontinuation.,verapamil,asthma attack,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31, 222], 'end_char': [40, 231]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [88]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe a patient with asymptomatic bronchial asthma and hypertension who developed an acute asthma attack after receiving sustained-release verapamil.,verapamil,acute asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [156], 'end_char': [165]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [114]}}"
"She continued taking verapamil for 6 months, then, on her own, stopped all medications including the sustained-release verapamil, and her asthma symptoms disappeared.",verapamil,asthma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21, 119], 'end_char': [30, 128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [138], 'end_char': [144]}}"
Cephalexin rash in infectious mononucleosis.,Cephalexin,Cephalexin rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
The ampicillin rash occurring in cases of infectious mononucleosis is well documented.,ampicillin,ampicillin rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [14]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [19]}}"
The case of a patient with infectious mononucleosis treated with cephalexin who later showed a rash is presented and the previous literature is reviewed.,cephalexin,rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [99]}}"
"The rash seen in this patient, who was treated with cephalexin, may be similar to the rash seen with ampicillin treatment of patients with infectious mononucleosis.",cephalexin,rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4, 86], 'end_char': [8, 90]}}"
"The rash seen in this patient, who was treated with cephalexin, may be similar to the rash seen with ampicillin treatment of patients with infectious mononucleosis.",ampicillin,rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4, 86], 'end_char': [8, 90]}}"
A possible case of carbamazepine induced pancreatitis.,carbamazepine,pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"The authors report a case of acute pancreatitis (AP) occurring in a patient under treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) for post-traumatic petit mal epilepsy, and review the current literature of drug-induced AP.",carbamazepine,pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [47]}}"
"The authors report a case of acute pancreatitis (AP) occurring in a patient under treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ) for post-traumatic petit mal epilepsy, and review the current literature of drug-induced AP.",CBZ,pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [47]}}"
The evidence of high plasmatic levels of CBZ and the absence of other aetiologic factors lead the authors to conclude that the overdose of CBZ could have represented the precipitating of the episode of acute pancreatitis.,CBZ,acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41, 139], 'end_char': [44, 142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [202], 'end_char': [220]}}"
The evidence of high plasmatic levels of CBZ and the absence of other aetiologic factors lead the authors to conclude that the overdose of CBZ could have represented the precipitating of the episode of acute pancreatitis.,CBZ,acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41, 139], 'end_char': [44, 142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [202], 'end_char': [220]}}"
"Although risk factors for MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity are poorly understood, the presence in 3 out of 5 of our patients of pre-existing lung disease, represented by diffuse interstitial changes on chest X-ray, and mild bronchial asthma in two RA patients and by pulmonary silicosis in the patient with PsA may account for a predisposition to the development of MTX pneumonitis.",MTX,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26, 364], 'end_char': [29, 367]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [368], 'end_char': [379]}}"
"Although risk factors for MTX-induced pulmonary toxicity are poorly understood, the presence in 3 out of 5 of our patients of pre-existing lung disease, represented by diffuse interstitial changes on chest X-ray, and mild bronchial asthma in two RA patients and by pulmonary silicosis in the patient with PsA may account for a predisposition to the development of MTX pneumonitis.",MTX,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26, 364], 'end_char': [29, 367]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [56]}}"
Methotrexate-induced pneumonitis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis: report of five cases and review of the literature.,Methotrexate,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"On the other hand, MTX-induced pneumonitis seems to be very rare in psoriatic arthritis (PsA).",MTX,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"Our review of 194 RA patients and 38 PsA patients receiving MTX has identified four RA patients and one PsA patient with MTX-induced pneumonitis, giving a prevalence of 2.1% and 0.03%, respectively.",MTX,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60, 121], 'end_char': [63, 124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [144]}}"
"Pneumonitis is emerging as one of the most unpredictable and potentially serious, adverse effects of treatment with MTX.",MTX,Pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
The presence of a lymphocyte alveolitis with a predominance of CD4+ T cells in 3 RA patients and CD8+ T cells with a concomitant increase in neutrophils in another case suggests that immunologically mediated reactions may be one damage mechanism in MTX-induced pneumonitis.,MTX,pneumonitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [249], 'end_char': [252]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [261], 'end_char': [272]}}"
"A retrospective epidemiological study of deaths from hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) in the U.S. showed that during 1964--74 there were 168 such cases, of which 37 (22%) were associated with previously known causes (vinyl chloride, 'Thorotrast', and inorganic arsenic) and 4 (3.1%) of the remaining 131 cases with the use of androgenic-anabolic steroids.",inorganic arsenic,hepatic angiosarcoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [245], 'end_char': [262]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [73]}}"
"A retrospective epidemiological study of deaths from hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) in the U.S. showed that during 1964--74 there were 168 such cases, of which 37 (22%) were associated with previously known causes (vinyl chloride, 'Thorotrast', and inorganic arsenic) and 4 (3.1%) of the remaining 131 cases with the use of androgenic-anabolic steroids.",Thorotrast,hepatic angiosarcoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [228], 'end_char': [238]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [73]}}"
"A retrospective epidemiological study of deaths from hepatic angiosarcoma (HAS) in the U.S. showed that during 1964--74 there were 168 such cases, of which 37 (22%) were associated with previously known causes (vinyl chloride, 'Thorotrast', and inorganic arsenic) and 4 (3.1%) of the remaining 131 cases with the use of androgenic-anabolic steroids.",vinyl chloride,hepatic angiosarcoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [211], 'end_char': [225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [73]}}"
Recent studies have shown that under experimental conditions ferrous sulfate may reduce the gastrointestinal absorption of orally administered levothyroxine sodium in patients with primary hypothyroidism.,ferrous sulfate,reduce the gastrointestinal absorption of orally administered levothyroxine sodium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [76]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [163]}}"
We describe a patient who became hypothyroid while taking ferrous sulfate.,ferrous sulfate,hypothyroid,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"However, as the use of hepatitis B vaccination is growing, adverse side effects, including mental nerve neuropathy, should be observed with an increased frequency.",hepatitis B vaccination,mental nerve neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Mental nerve neuropathy as a result of hepatitis B vaccination.,hepatitis B vaccination,Mental nerve neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"Although its side effects are few, tamoxifen increases the incidence of proliferative lesions of the endometrium, which theoretically should be preventable with progestational agents.",tamoxifen,proliferative lesions of the endometrium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [112]}}"
CASES: Two postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen and progestational agents for breast carcinoma developed uterine enlargement and intermittent spotting.,tamoxifen,intermittent spotting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [157]}}"
CASES: Two postmenopausal women treated with tamoxifen and progestational agents for breast carcinoma developed uterine enlargement and intermittent spotting.,tamoxifen,uterine enlargement,"{'drug': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [131]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: The value of multihormonal therapy in breast carcinoma is not established, and the addition of progestogens to tamoxifen may not reduce of developing endometrial lesions, including carcinoma.",tamoxifen,carcinoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58, 194], 'end_char': [67, 203]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: The value of multihormonal therapy in breast carcinoma is not established, and the addition of progestogens to tamoxifen may not reduce of developing endometrial lesions, including carcinoma.",tamoxifen,endometrial lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [163], 'end_char': [182]}}"
Bleomycin and cyclophosphamide toxicity simulating metastatic nodules to the lungs in childhood cancer.,Bleomycin,metastatic nodules,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Bleomycin and cyclophosphamide toxicity simulating metastatic nodules to the lungs in childhood cancer.,cyclophosphamide,metastatic nodules,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Thoracoscopic biopsy to confirm metastasis revealed instead fibrotic lesions apparently attributable to bleomycin or cyclophosphamide.,bleomycin,fibrotic lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Thoracoscopic biopsy to confirm metastasis revealed instead fibrotic lesions apparently attributable to bleomycin or cyclophosphamide.,cyclophosphamide,fibrotic lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [76]}}"
An elderly man with procainamide hydrochloride-induced lupus syndrome had a circulating anticoagulant against factor XI and a biologic false-positive (BFP) test result for syphilis.,procainamide hydrochloride,lupus syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Circulating anticoagulant in the procainamide-induced lupus syndrome.,procainamide,lupus syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Clinical signs of hypermagnesemia are an uncommon complication following oral administration of magnesium sulfate.,magnesium sulfate,hypermagnesemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Establishment of diuresis with fluids and IV administration of calcium may provide successful treatment of magnesium toxicosis in horses.,magnesium,magnesium toxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [116]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [126]}}"
Magnesium toxicosis in two horses.,Magnesium,Magnesium toxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
"Overdose of magnesium sulfate in combination with renal insufficiency, hypocalcemia, or compromise of intestinal integrity may predispose horses to magnesium toxicosis.",magnesium,magnesium toxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12, 148], 'end_char': [21, 157]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"Overdose of magnesium sulfate in combination with renal insufficiency, hypocalcemia, or compromise of intestinal integrity may predispose horses to magnesium toxicosis.",magnesium sulfate,magnesium toxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"CASE SUMMARIES: In each case, the patients were treated over 5 years with lovastatin and developed rhabdomyolysis that coincided with the completion of a prescribed regimen of a newer macrolide antibiotic.",lovastatin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [113]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis due to the potential interaction between lovastatin and azithromycin or clarithromycin should be considered before the concomitant use of these agents.,azithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [52]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis due to the potential interaction between lovastatin and azithromycin or clarithromycin should be considered before the concomitant use of these agents.,clarithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [52]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of drug-induced rhabdomyolysis due to the potential interaction between lovastatin and azithromycin or clarithromycin should be considered before the concomitant use of these agents.,lovastatin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"DISCUSSION: Rhabdomyolysis is a clinical syndrome resulting from the destruction of skeletal muscle that may progress to renal failure Several drugs have been associated with rhabdomyolysis, including lovastatin, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor.",lovastatin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [201], 'end_char': [211]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [175], 'end_char': [189]}}"
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that may increase the risk of lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis.,Erythromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [102]}}"
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that may increase the risk of lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis.,lovastatin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [102]}}"
Lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis possibly associated with clarithromycin and azithromycin.,azithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [90]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis possibly associated with clarithromycin and azithromycin.,clarithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis possibly associated with clarithromycin and azithromycin.,Lovastatin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [33]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe two cases of rhabdomyolysis in patients taking lovastatin that were precipitated by the use of the newer macrolide antibiotics clarithromycin and azithromycin.,azithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [169], 'end_char': [181]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [50]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe two cases of rhabdomyolysis in patients taking lovastatin that were precipitated by the use of the newer macrolide antibiotics clarithromycin and azithromycin.,clarithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [164]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [50]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe two cases of rhabdomyolysis in patients taking lovastatin that were precipitated by the use of the newer macrolide antibiotics clarithromycin and azithromycin.,lovastatin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"To our knowledge, these cases are the first published reports of lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with azithromycin and clarithromycin.",azithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [127]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [98]}}"
"To our knowledge, these cases are the first published reports of lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with azithromycin and clarithromycin.",clarithromycin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [98]}}"
"To our knowledge, these cases are the first published reports of lovastatin-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with azithromycin and clarithromycin.",lovastatin,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [98]}}"
These cases were considered unusual in light of the short delay of their onset after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and their fulminant course: 3 of these patients died of PCP occurring during the first month of treatment with prednisone.,prednisone,died,"{'drug': {'start_char': [236], 'end_char': [246]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [173], 'end_char': [177]}}"
"We report the specifics of 12 cases of severe hypertension after the intraoperative use of topical phenylephrine, submucosal epinephrine, or both.",epinephrine,severe hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [136]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [58]}}"
"We report the specifics of 12 cases of severe hypertension after the intraoperative use of topical phenylephrine, submucosal epinephrine, or both.",phenylephrine,severe hypertension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [112]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [58]}}"
Acute leukaemia during tamoxifen therapy.,tamoxifen,Acute leukaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
Tamoxifen is suggested to be carcinogenic both through direct genotoxic and epigenetic mechanisms.,Tamoxifen,carcinogenic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [41]}}"
We report two cases that developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) during tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer.,tamoxifen,acute myeloid leukaemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [58]}}"
We report two cases that developed acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) during tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer.,tamoxifen,AML,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [63]}}"
Relapse in the external auditory canal of acute promyelocytic leukemia after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid.,all-trans retinoic acid,Relapse in the external auditory canal of acute promyelocytic leukemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [70]}}"
This case suggests the importance of careful observation for extramedullary relapse in patients who are treated with ATRA.,ATRA,extramedullary relapse,"{'drug': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Cutaneous reactions to propylthiouracil and methimazole occur in 3%-5% of adults.,methimazole,Cutaneous reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Cutaneous reactions to propylthiouracil and methimazole occur in 3%-5% of adults.,propylthiouracil,Cutaneous reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Generalized maculopapular and papular purpuric eruptions are perhaps the most common thionamide-induced reactions.,thionamide,Generalized maculopapular and papular purpuric eruptions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [56]}}"
Propylthiouracil-induced cutaneous vasculitis.,Propylthiouracil,cutaneous vasculitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [45]}}"
The observation of cutaneous vasculitis during administration of propylthiouracil suggested that clinical awareness of this complication should be of considerable importance.,propylthiouracil,cutaneous vasculitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [39]}}"
A 2-year-old mentally retarded boy with frontal lobe epilepsy presented with an episode that resembled heat stroke during the administration of zonisamide.,zonisamide,heat stroke,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [154]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Children receiving zonisamide should be monitored for oligohidrosis and the development of neurological symptoms associated with an elevation of body temperature.,zonisamide,neurological symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [112]}}"
Children receiving zonisamide should be monitored for oligohidrosis and the development of neurological symptoms associated with an elevation of body temperature.,zonisamide,oligohidrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [67]}}"
Heat stroke-like episode in a child caused by zonisamide.,zonisamide,Heat stroke-like episode,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
The oligohidrosis caused by zonisamide was reversible in that the patient regained the ability to sweat within 2 weeks of the cessation of drug administration.,zonisamide,oligohidrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [17]}}"
Acute renal failure in a patient receiving treatment with suramin.,suramin,Acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Acute renal failure should be recognized as a potential complication of suramin treatment.,suramin,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Other potential causes of renal failure were not present in our patient and his renal function gradually recovered with the cessation of suramin treatment.,suramin,renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [144]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [39]}}"
We describe a patient with metastatic prostate cancer who developed nonoliguric renal failure during treatment with suramin.,suramin,nonoliguric renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [93]}}"
Clozapine induced polyserositis.,Clozapine,polyserositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,pericardial effusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [81]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,pericardial effusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [81]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,pericarditis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [117]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,pericarditis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [105], 'end_char': [117]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,pleural effusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [99]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,pleural effusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [99]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,polyserositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [59]}}"
"We report the case of a patient who developed polyserositis (pericardial effusion, pleural effusion, and pericarditis) after being started on clozapine, and whose symptoms remitted upon discontinuation of clozapine.",clozapine,polyserositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [142, 205], 'end_char': [151, 214]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [59]}}"
"When the disease recurred conventional amphotericin B was used again, but had to be stopped because of severe side effects.",amphotericin B,severe side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [122]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",ARA-C,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [157]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [218], 'end_char': [223]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",cytosine arabinoside,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [218], 'end_char': [223]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",ARA-C,gastrointestinal tract symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [157]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [251], 'end_char': [282]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",cytosine arabinoside,gastrointestinal tract symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [251], 'end_char': [282]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",ARA-C,infectious complications,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [157]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [225], 'end_char': [249]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",cytosine arabinoside,infectious complications,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [225], 'end_char': [249]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",ARA-C,severe myalgias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [157]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [287], 'end_char': [302]}}"
"Thirty-six patients with AL received, in a three-month period, 51 cycles of combined chemotherapy which included, in all of them, cytosine arabinoside (ARA-C); among them, along with myelosuppression, five experienced fever, infectious complications, gastrointestinal tract symptoms and severe myalgias.",cytosine arabinoside,severe myalgias,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [287], 'end_char': [302]}}"
CONCLUSION: We believe this to be the first reported case of rhGH-induced hypercalcemia in an HIV-infected patient.,rhGH,hypercalcemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [87]}}"
Hypercalcemia in an AIDS patient treated with growth hormone.,growth hormone,Hypercalcemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
The hypercalcemia responded to discontinuation of rhGH and a single dose of intravenous pamidronate disodium and has not recurred in 8 months of follow-up.,rhGH,hypercalcemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [17]}}"
We report a male patient with advanced AIDS who developed hypercalcemia 2 weeks after institution of rhGH therapy.,rhGH,hypercalcemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [105]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin following multiple uncomplicated courses: a report on two cases.,cisplatin,Hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,abdominal pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [309], 'end_char': [323]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,abdominal pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [309], 'end_char': [323]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [229], 'end_char': [236]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,dyspnea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [229], 'end_char': [236]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [347], 'end_char': [352]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [347], 'end_char': [352]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,general erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [211, 325], 'end_char': [227, 341]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,general erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [211, 325], 'end_char': [227, 341]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,general erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [211, 325], 'end_char': [227, 341]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,general erythema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [211, 325], 'end_char': [227, 341]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [140]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [140]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [242], 'end_char': [253]}}"
"Two patients with ovarian cancer who had received multiple courses of cisplatin without complications experienced hypersensitivity reactions to cisplatin: one, involving intrahepatic artery infusion, manifested general erythema, dyspnea, and hypotension; the other, involving intravenous infusion, manifested abdominal pain, general erythema, and fever.",cisplatin,hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70, 144], 'end_char': [79, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [242], 'end_char': [253]}}"
We report an unusually short lived and asymptomatic episode of severe cisplatin-induced renal tubular salt wasting in a fit 41-year-old patient with malignant teratoma.,cisplatin,renal tubular salt wasting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [114]}}"
Clinicians should include phenolphthalein in their list of possible causes of drug-induced TEN.,phenolphthalein,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [94]}}"
DISCUSSION: Phenolphthalein is the active ingredient in several over-the-counter laxative preparations and has only rarely been reported to cause TEN.,Phenolphthalein,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [27]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [149]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of phenolphthalein-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient maintained on several other medications more commonly known to be associated with TEN.,phenolphthalein,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83, 183], 'end_char': [86, 186]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of phenolphthalein-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient maintained on several other medications more commonly known to be associated with TEN.,phenolphthalein,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83, 183], 'end_char': [86, 186]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of phenolphthalein-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) in a patient maintained on several other medications more commonly known to be associated with TEN.,phenolphthalein,toxic epidermal necrolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [81]}}"
Phenolphthalein-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis.,Phenolphthalein,toxic epidermal necrolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"The patient's previous rash and the temporal relation of this event and the ingestion of phenolphthalein, as well as the similarity of this case to other reports, point to phenolphthalein as the cause of TEN in this patient.",phenolphthalein,rash,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89, 172], 'end_char': [104, 187]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [27]}}"
"The patient's previous rash and the temporal relation of this event and the ingestion of phenolphthalein, as well as the similarity of this case to other reports, point to phenolphthalein as the cause of TEN in this patient.",phenolphthalein,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89, 172], 'end_char': [104, 187]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [204], 'end_char': [207]}}"
Carbamazepine toxicity induced by clarithromycin coadministration in psychiatric patients.,Carbamazepine,Carbamazepine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
Carbamazepine toxicity induced by clarithromycin coadministration in psychiatric patients.,clarithromycin,Carbamazepine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",carbamazepine,ataxia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [131]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [174]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,ataxia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [174]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,ataxia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [168], 'end_char': [174]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",carbamazepine,dizziness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [131]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,dizziness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,dizziness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",carbamazepine,drowsiness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [131]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [151]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,drowsiness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [151]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,drowsiness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [151]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",carbamazepine,toxic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [118], 'end_char': [131]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [114]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,toxic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [114]}}"
"During clarithromycin coadministration, four out of the seven patients developed moderate-to-severe toxic symptoms of carbamazepine, such as drowsiness, dizziness, and ataxia, which resolved within 5 days after clarithromycin discontinuation.",clarithromycin,toxic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [7, 211], 'end_char': [21, 225]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [114]}}"
"The present report suggests that clarithromycin coadministration induces increased plasma carbamazepine concentrations, which may result in carbamazepine toxicity.",carbamazepine,carbamazepine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90, 140], 'end_char': [103, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"The present report suggests that clarithromycin coadministration induces increased plasma carbamazepine concentrations, which may result in carbamazepine toxicity.",carbamazepine,carbamazepine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90, 140], 'end_char': [103, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"The present report suggests that clarithromycin coadministration induces increased plasma carbamazepine concentrations, which may result in carbamazepine toxicity.",clarithromycin,carbamazepine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [162]}}"
"The present report suggests that clarithromycin coadministration induces increased plasma carbamazepine concentrations, which may result in carbamazepine toxicity.",carbamazepine,increased plasma carbamazepine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90, 140], 'end_char': [103, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"The present report suggests that clarithromycin coadministration induces increased plasma carbamazepine concentrations, which may result in carbamazepine toxicity.",carbamazepine,increased plasma carbamazepine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [90, 140], 'end_char': [103, 153]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"The present report suggests that clarithromycin coadministration induces increased plasma carbamazepine concentrations, which may result in carbamazepine toxicity.",clarithromycin,increased plasma carbamazepine,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [47]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [103]}}"
Acute hemorrhagic gastritis associated with acetazolamide intoxication in a patient with chronic renal failure.,acetazolamide,acetazolamide intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [70]}}"
Acute hemorrhagic gastritis associated with acetazolamide intoxication in a patient with chronic renal failure.,acetazolamide,Acute hemorrhagic gastritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
"As far as we know, this is the first case report of acute hemorrhagic gastritis associated with AZ intoxication.",AZ,acute hemorrhagic gastritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [79]}}"
"As far as we know, this is the first case report of acute hemorrhagic gastritis associated with AZ intoxication.",AZ,AZ intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [111]}}"
She was thus diagnosed as having AZ intoxication.,AZ,AZ intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [48]}}"
We experienced a case of chronic renal failure in a patient suffering from acute hemorrhagic gastritis associated with AZ intoxication.,AZ,acute hemorrhagic gastritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [102]}}"
We experienced a case of chronic renal failure in a patient suffering from acute hemorrhagic gastritis associated with AZ intoxication.,AZ,AZ intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [134]}}"
We thus concluded that an excessive dose of AZ had probably destroyed the gastric mucosal barrier or thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow disorder and thus eventually led to the development of hemorrhagic gastritis.,AZ,destroyed the gastric mucosal barrier,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [97]}}"
We thus concluded that an excessive dose of AZ had probably destroyed the gastric mucosal barrier or thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow disorder and thus eventually led to the development of hemorrhagic gastritis.,AZ,hemorrhagic gastritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [192], 'end_char': [213]}}"
We thus concluded that an excessive dose of AZ had probably destroyed the gastric mucosal barrier or thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow disorder and thus eventually led to the development of hemorrhagic gastritis.,AZ,thrombocytopenia due to bone marrow disorder,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [145]}}"
"In association with this tocolysis, urinary calculus of magnesium ammonium phosphate occurred at 34 weeks gestation.",magnesium ammonium phosphate,urinary calculus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Magnesium tocolysis as the cause of urinary calculus during pregnancy.,Magnesium,urinary calculus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Danazol induced thrombocytopenia.,Danazol,thrombocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"On the next day, after a total dose of only 600 mg of danazol, gingival bleeding and purpura occurred.",danazol,gingival bleeding,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [80]}}"
"On the next day, after a total dose of only 600 mg of danazol, gingival bleeding and purpura occurred.",danazol,purpura,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [92]}}"
We diagnosed this case as danazol induced thrombocytopenia.,danazol,thrombocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [58]}}"
It occasionally accompanies the heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome.,heparin,thrombocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [67]}}"
It occasionally accompanies the heparin-associated thrombocytopenia and thrombosis syndrome.,heparin,thrombosis syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [39]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [91]}}"
Skin necrosis is a rare complication of subcutaneous heparin therapy that usually occurs at injection sites.,heparin,Skin necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
Skin necrosis secondary to low-molecular weight heparin in a patient with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.,low-molecular weight heparin,Skin necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}}"
We describe a patient with the antiphospholipid syndrome who had skin necrosis develop from low-molecular weight heparin therapy at sites distant from injection sites.,low-molecular weight heparin,skin necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"Finally, reserpine toxicity, in particular central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, was reported more frequently in patients also receiving barbiturates, suggesting additive CNS effects.",reserpine,reserpine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [18]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [27]}}"
A case of contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite in an ophthalmic solution.,sodium bisulfite,contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"Therefore, we diagnosed her eruption as contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite.",sodium bisulfite,contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [58]}}"
"Therefore, we diagnosed her eruption as contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite.",sodium bisulfite,eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [66], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [36]}}"
We report a case of contact dermatitis due to sodium bisulfite in Tathion eye drops.,sodium bisulfite,contact dermatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [38]}}"
Acute pancreatitis after long-term 5-aminosalicylic acid therapy.,5-aminosalicylic acid,Acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"Acute pancreatitis is a known, although rare, complication of mesalamine treatment.",mesalamine,Acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"A rechallenge, performed in both patients, confirmed the diagnosis of mesalamine-induced pancreatitis.",mesalamine,pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [80]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [101]}}"
These case reports provide evidence that 5-aminosalicylic acid may induce acute pancreatitis after long term treatment.,5-aminosalicylic acid,acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [92]}}"
We describe two cases of acute pancreatitis that occurred after long term mesalamine therapy for ulcerative colitis.,mesalamine,acute pancreatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [43]}}"
A 35-year-old nephrotic man developed acute renal failure with serum creatinine to 1543 micromol/l after a month of therapy with enalapril.,enalapril,acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [138]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [38], 'end_char': [57]}}"
Acute renal failure with severe tubulointerstitial changes in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome treated with enalapril.,enalapril,Acute renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Acute renal failure with severe tubulointerstitial changes in a patient with minimal change nephrotic syndrome treated with enalapril.,enalapril,severe tubulointerstitial changes,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [58]}}"
Early ritonavir-induced maculopapular eruption.,ritonavir,maculopapular eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [15]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Ritonavir should be added to the list of drugs that can induce adverse cutaneous reactions in HIV patients.,Ritonavir,adverse cutaneous reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [90]}}"
"We report 2 cases of maculopapular eruption and fever in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the 2nd day of first administration of ritonavir, a protease inhibitor.",ritonavir,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [166]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"We report 2 cases of maculopapular eruption and fever in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) on the 2nd day of first administration of ritonavir, a protease inhibitor.",ritonavir,maculopapular eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [166]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [43]}}"
Nephropathy caused by methicillin therapy for staphylococcal septicemia.,methicillin,Nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
"Review of the literature relating to methicillin-induced nephropathy suggests a hypersensitivity origin for this disorder, but immunologic and ultrastructural investigation to date has failed to elucidate pathogenesis.",methicillin,nephropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [48]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [68]}}"
A 25-year-old woman sought medical attention because of iliocaval manifestations of retroperitoneal fibrosis while she was taking methysergide.,methysergide,retroperitoneal fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [142]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [108]}}"
Methysergide-induced retroperitoneal fibrosis: successful outcome and two new laboratory features.,Methysergide,retroperitoneal fibrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [45]}}"
Vitiligo associated with alpha-interferon in a patient with chronic active hepatitis C.,alpha-interferon,Vitiligo,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [41]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
We report a case of vitiligo that occurred during the second month of interferon alpha 2a therapy for chronic active hepatitis C.,interferon alpha 2a,vitiligo,"{'drug': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [89]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [28]}}"
A case is reported of an elderly woman who developed febrile agranulocytosis several weeks after commencing ticlopidine but who had a favorable outcome after cessation of that drug and treatment with filgastrim.,ticlopidine,febrile agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [76]}}"
Agranulocytosis associated with ticlopidine: a possible benefit with filgastim.,ticlopidine,Agranulocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [15]}}"
"Ticlopidine is an oral antiplatelet agent frequently utilized in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease and is rarely associated with severe bone marrow suppression, typically aplastic anemia.",Ticlopidine,aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [193]}}"
"Ticlopidine is an oral antiplatelet agent frequently utilized in the treatment of cerebrovascular disease and is rarely associated with severe bone marrow suppression, typically aplastic anemia.",Ticlopidine,severe bone marrow suppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [136], 'end_char': [166]}}"
Hemodialysis was also shown to reverse ifosfamide-related neurotoxicity.,ifosfamide,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Ifosfamide-associated neurotoxicity was noted within hours of drug administration and improved rapidly following hemodialysis.,Ifosfamide,neurotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [35]}}"
PURPOSE: We evaluated the in vitro hemodialysis ratio and subsequent toxicity and pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide in an anephric patient with Wilms' tumor.,toxicity,ifosfamide,"{'drug': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [112]}}"
"The toxicity and plasma concentrations of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyifosfamide were then determined over 24 h after a single 1.6 g/m2 dose of ifosfamide.",4-hydroxyifosfamide,toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"The toxicity and plasma concentrations of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyifosfamide were then determined over 24 h after a single 1.6 g/m2 dose of ifosfamide.",chloroacetaldehyde,toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [72]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"The toxicity and plasma concentrations of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyifosfamide were then determined over 24 h after a single 1.6 g/m2 dose of ifosfamide.",ifosfamide,toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 87, 161], 'end_char': [52, 97, 171]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"The toxicity and plasma concentrations of ifosfamide, chloroacetaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyifosfamide were then determined over 24 h after a single 1.6 g/m2 dose of ifosfamide.",ifosfamide,toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42, 87, 161], 'end_char': [52, 97, 171]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Toxicity, pharmacokinetics, and in vitro hemodialysis clearance of ifosfamide and metabolites in an anephric pediatric patient with Wilms' tumor.",ifosfamide,Toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [77]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
A 55-year-old woman developed symptoms suggestive of hepatitis 12 weeks after first receiving methyldopa for hypertension.,methyldopa,hepatitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [62]}}"
Methyldopa-induced liver injury.,Methyldopa,liver injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"Such a rapid and relentless progression of methyldopa-induced liver injury is undoubtedly rare, but it may be prevented by careful supervision of patients who exhibit liver function abnormalities early in the course of therapy.",methyldopa,liver injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [53]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [74]}}"
Acute respiratory depression as a complication of nebulised morphine.,morphine,Acute respiratory depression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [68]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"Approximately 15 min after the first administration of nebulised morphine the patient became markedly bradypneic (respiratory rate: 4-5 bpm), hypotensive (BP 70/40 mmHg), and responded only partially to command.",morphine,bradypneic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [112]}}"
"Approximately 15 min after the first administration of nebulised morphine the patient became markedly bradypneic (respiratory rate: 4-5 bpm), hypotensive (BP 70/40 mmHg), and responded only partially to command.",morphine,hypotensive,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [142], 'end_char': [153]}}"
PURPOSE: To present a case of respiratory depression following the administration of nebulised morphine.,morphine,respiratory depression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [103]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Acute dystonia with thalamic and brainstem lesions after initial penicillamine treatment in Wilson's disease.,penicillamine,Acute dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
Acute dystonia with thalamic and brainstem lesions after initial penicillamine treatment in Wilson's disease.,penicillamine,thalamic and brainstem lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"From these data, acute generalized dystonia with brainstem and thalamic lesions may occur in WD patients after an initial d-penicillamine therapy.",d-penicillamine,acute generalized dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [43]}}"
"From these data, acute generalized dystonia with brainstem and thalamic lesions may occur in WD patients after an initial d-penicillamine therapy.",d-penicillamine,brainstem and thalamic lesions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [79]}}"
We reported 3 patients who developed acute generalized dystonia and akinetic rigid syndrome following an initial therapy with d-penicillamine 125-500 mg daily.,d-penicillamine,acute generalized dystonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [63]}}"
We reported 3 patients who developed acute generalized dystonia and akinetic rigid syndrome following an initial therapy with d-penicillamine 125-500 mg daily.,d-penicillamine,akinetic rigid syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [141]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [91]}}"
Ballistic movements due to ischemic infarcts after intravenous heroin overdose: report of two cases.,heroin,Ballistic movements,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [69]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [19]}}"
Ballistic movements due to ischemic infarcts after intravenous heroin overdose: report of two cases.,heroin,ischemic infarcts,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [69]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [44]}}"
Patient 1 presented bilateral ballism 1 week after intravenous heroin injection.,heroin,bilateral ballism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [69]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [37]}}"
Stroke is an infrequent but recognized complication of heroin addiction.,heroin,Stroke,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [6]}}"
"Two heroin addicts, aged 34 and 19 years, developed ballistic movements after intravenous heroin overdose.",heroin,ballistic movements,"{'drug': {'start_char': [4, 90], 'end_char': [10, 96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [71]}}"
A MEDLINE search identified all the reported cases of hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine.,cyclosporine,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [96]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [80]}}"
Anaphylaxis to intravenous cyclosporine and tolerance to oral cyclosporine: case report and review.,cyclosporine,Anaphylaxis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27, 62], 'end_char': [39, 74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
BACKGROUND: Hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine are rare.,cyclosporine,Hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [38]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: Hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine are due to Cremophor EL.,Cremophor EL,Hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [39]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: Hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine are due to Cremophor EL.,cyclosporine,Hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"Fortunately, a hypersensitivity reaction to one formulation of cyclosporine does not preclude use of a different formulation.",cyclosporine,hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [15], 'end_char': [40]}}"
METHODS: We report a patient who had an anaphylactic reaction during the intravenous infusion of cyclosporine.,cyclosporine,anaphylactic reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [61]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms involved in hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine and determine the feasibility of future cyclosporine use.,cyclosporine,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83, 136], 'end_char': [95, 148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [79]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the mechanisms involved in hypersensitivity reactions to cyclosporine and determine the feasibility of future cyclosporine use.,cyclosporine,hypersensitivity reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83, 136], 'end_char': [95, 148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [79]}}"
The literature search revealed 22 cases of hypersensitivity reaction to cyclosporine.,cyclosporine,hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [84]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [68]}}"
Prothipendylhydrochloride-induced priapism: case report.,Prothipendylhydrochloride,priapism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [42]}}"
We present the first case of a patient with priapism after oral intake of the phenothiazine prothipendylhydrochloride.,prothipendylhydrochloride,priapism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"The chemotherapeutics, including vincristine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin in case 1 and vincristine and actinomycin D in case 2, were given before the hepatotoxicity developed.",actinomycin D,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 106], 'end_char': [59, 119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"The chemotherapeutics, including vincristine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin in case 1 and vincristine and actinomycin D in case 2, were given before the hepatotoxicity developed.",actinomycin D,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46, 106], 'end_char': [59, 119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"The chemotherapeutics, including vincristine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin in case 1 and vincristine and actinomycin D in case 2, were given before the hepatotoxicity developed.",epirubicin,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [65], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"The chemotherapeutics, including vincristine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin in case 1 and vincristine and actinomycin D in case 2, were given before the hepatotoxicity developed.",vincristine,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33, 90], 'end_char': [44, 101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [167]}}"
"The chemotherapeutics, including vincristine, actinomycin D, and epirubicin in case 1 and vincristine and actinomycin D in case 2, were given before the hepatotoxicity developed.",vincristine,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33, 90], 'end_char': [44, 101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [167]}}"
We conclude that vincristine and actinomycin D were the cause of this rare from of hepatotoxicity and that chemotherapy for the underlying malignant disease could be given safely after clinical recovery.,actinomycin D,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [46]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [97]}}"
We conclude that vincristine and actinomycin D were the cause of this rare from of hepatotoxicity and that chemotherapy for the underlying malignant disease could be given safely after clinical recovery.,vincristine,hepatotoxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [28]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [97]}}"
"Because the combination of bleomycin and vinca alkaloids is commonly used for the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, clinicians should be aware of the risk of provoking acral necrosis in patients who develop Raynaud's phenomenon under chemotherapy.",bleomycin,acral necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [192]}}"
"Because the combination of bleomycin and vinca alkaloids is commonly used for the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, clinicians should be aware of the risk of provoking acral necrosis in patients who develop Raynaud's phenomenon under chemotherapy.",bleomycin,Raynaud's phenomenon,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [217], 'end_char': [237]}}"
"In this report, one patient who developed gangrene after bleomycin and vincristine/vinblastine chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and another HIV-infected patient who exhibited symptoms of severe Raynaud's phenomenon related to the same regimen are presented.",bleomycin,gangrene,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"In this report, one patient who developed gangrene after bleomycin and vincristine/vinblastine chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and another HIV-infected patient who exhibited symptoms of severe Raynaud's phenomenon related to the same regimen are presented.",vinblastine,gangrene,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"In this report, one patient who developed gangrene after bleomycin and vincristine/vinblastine chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and another HIV-infected patient who exhibited symptoms of severe Raynaud's phenomenon related to the same regimen are presented.",vincristine,gangrene,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [50]}}"
"In this report, one patient who developed gangrene after bleomycin and vincristine/vinblastine chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and another HIV-infected patient who exhibited symptoms of severe Raynaud's phenomenon related to the same regimen are presented.",bleomycin,severe Raynaud's phenomenon,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [66]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [201], 'end_char': [228]}}"
"In this report, one patient who developed gangrene after bleomycin and vincristine/vinblastine chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and another HIV-infected patient who exhibited symptoms of severe Raynaud's phenomenon related to the same regimen are presented.",vinblastine,severe Raynaud's phenomenon,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [94]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [201], 'end_char': [228]}}"
"In this report, one patient who developed gangrene after bleomycin and vincristine/vinblastine chemotherapy for AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma and another HIV-infected patient who exhibited symptoms of severe Raynaud's phenomenon related to the same regimen are presented.",vincristine,severe Raynaud's phenomenon,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [201], 'end_char': [228]}}"
Development of essential thrombocythemia in a patient treated with interferon alfa and pentostatin for hairy cell leukemia.,interferon alfa,thrombocythemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [67], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [40]}}"
Development of essential thrombocythemia in a patient treated with interferon alfa and pentostatin for hairy cell leukemia.,pentostatin,thrombocythemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [40]}}"
Second cancers including various types of hematological malignancy have been reported in patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with chemotherapy or interferon alfa.,interferon alfa,hematological malignancy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [167]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [66]}}"
Second cancers including various types of hematological malignancy have been reported in patients with hairy cell leukemia treated with chemotherapy or interferon alfa.,interferon alfa,Second cancers,"{'drug': {'start_char': [152], 'end_char': [167]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
Effect of beta-blockade on symptomatic dexamethasone-induced hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy in premature infants: three case reports and literature review.,dexamethasone,hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [100]}}"
"One patient had a lower average heart rate and two patients had lower average mean blood pressure values during propranolol treatment, none of which was clinically significant.",propranolol,lower average heart rate,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"One patient had a lower average heart rate and two patients had lower average mean blood pressure values during propranolol treatment, none of which was clinically significant.",propranolol,lower average mean blood pressure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [97]}}"
STUDY DESIGN: Case reports are presented of three premature infants (mean gestational age 27 weeks) cared for in the intensive care nursery in whom clinically significant septal hypertrophy and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction developed during dexamethasone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.,dexamethasone,left ventricular outflow tract obstruction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [254], 'end_char': [267]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [194], 'end_char': [236]}}"
STUDY DESIGN: Case reports are presented of three premature infants (mean gestational age 27 weeks) cared for in the intensive care nursery in whom clinically significant septal hypertrophy and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction developed during dexamethasone treatment for bronchopulmonary dysplasia.,dexamethasone,septal hypertrophy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [254], 'end_char': [267]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [189]}}"
CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old postpartum white woman developed multiple watery stools and abdominal cramping on day 6 of therapy with clindamycin vaginal cream for bacterial vaginosis.,clindamycin,abdominal cramping,"{'drug': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [106]}}"
CASE SUMMARY: A 25-year-old postpartum white woman developed multiple watery stools and abdominal cramping on day 6 of therapy with clindamycin vaginal cream for bacterial vaginosis.,clindamycin,multiple watery stools,"{'drug': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [83]}}"
Clostridium difficile toxin-induced colitis after use of clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream.,clindamycin phosphate,Clostridium difficile toxin-induced colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [43]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.",clindamycin,CDIC,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35, 178], 'end_char': [46, 189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.",clindamycin phosphate,CDIC,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.",clindamycin,C. difficile toxin,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35, 178], 'end_char': [46, 189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [260], 'end_char': [278]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.",clindamycin phosphate,C. difficile toxin,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [260], 'end_char': [278]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.",clindamycin,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35, 178], 'end_char': [46, 189]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [173]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: This report indicates clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream as the most probable cause of CDIC due to the temporal relationship between the occurrence of diarrhea and clindamycin administration, lack of concomitant medications, and documentation of C. difficile toxin.",clindamycin phosphate,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [173]}}"
DISCUSSION: No published clinical studies in patients receiving clindamycin vaginal cream for bacterial vaginosis have documented C. difficile toxin in stool samples of patients with diarrhea.,clindamycin,C. difficile toxin in stool,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [157]}}"
DISCUSSION: No published clinical studies in patients receiving clindamycin vaginal cream for bacterial vaginosis have documented C. difficile toxin in stool samples of patients with diarrhea.,clindamycin,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [183], 'end_char': [191]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of toxin-positive Clostridium difficile-induced colitis (CDIC) after use of clindamycin phosphate vaginal cream.,clindamycin phosphate,toxin-positive Clostridium difficile-induced colitis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [125]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [83]}}"
A 54-year-old man developed TEN 4 weeks after beginning lamotrigine for complex partial seizures related to a glioblastoma multiforme brain tumor.,lamotrigine,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [31]}}"
"Administration of lamotrigine, especially in combination with valproic acid, may lead to the development of TEN.",lamotrigine,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [18], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [111]}}"
"Administration of lamotrigine, especially in combination with valproic acid, may lead to the development of TEN.",valproic acid,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [75]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [111]}}"
Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis related to lamotrigine administration.,lamotrigine,Fatal toxic epidermal necrolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"It was hypothesized that valproic acid may interfere with glucuronidation of lamotrigine, leading to increased serum lamotrigine levels, or perhaps alter the drug's metabolism, resulting in accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite.",lamotrigine,accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77, 117], 'end_char': [88, 128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [237]}}"
"It was hypothesized that valproic acid may interfere with glucuronidation of lamotrigine, leading to increased serum lamotrigine levels, or perhaps alter the drug's metabolism, resulting in accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite.",valproic acid,accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [190], 'end_char': [237]}}"
"It was hypothesized that valproic acid may interfere with glucuronidation of lamotrigine, leading to increased serum lamotrigine levels, or perhaps alter the drug's metabolism, resulting in accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite.",lamotrigine,increased serum lamotrigine levels,"{'drug': {'start_char': [77, 117], 'end_char': [88, 128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [135]}}"
"It was hypothesized that valproic acid may interfere with glucuronidation of lamotrigine, leading to increased serum lamotrigine levels, or perhaps alter the drug's metabolism, resulting in accumulation of a toxic intermediate metabolite.",valproic acid,increased serum lamotrigine levels,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [135]}}"
"To date, eight cases of TEN and one of SJS related to lamotrigine administration have been reported in the literature.",lamotrigine,SJS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [42]}}"
"To date, eight cases of TEN and one of SJS related to lamotrigine administration have been reported in the literature.",lamotrigine,TEN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [27]}}"
A syndrome of increased affect in response to risperidone among patients with schizophrenia.,risperidone,syndrome of increased affect,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [30]}}"
"Six of 13 outpatients with schizophrenia who participated in a ten-week open trial of risperidone had an initial good response to the medication followed by development of intolerable affect, including feelings of agitation and depression and periods of crying and insomnia.",risperidone,depression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [228], 'end_char': [238]}}"
"Six of 13 outpatients with schizophrenia who participated in a ten-week open trial of risperidone had an initial good response to the medication followed by development of intolerable affect, including feelings of agitation and depression and periods of crying and insomnia.",risperidone,feelings of agitation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [202], 'end_char': [223]}}"
"Six of 13 outpatients with schizophrenia who participated in a ten-week open trial of risperidone had an initial good response to the medication followed by development of intolerable affect, including feelings of agitation and depression and periods of crying and insomnia.",risperidone,insomnia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [265], 'end_char': [273]}}"
"Six of 13 outpatients with schizophrenia who participated in a ten-week open trial of risperidone had an initial good response to the medication followed by development of intolerable affect, including feelings of agitation and depression and periods of crying and insomnia.",risperidone,intolerable affect,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [172], 'end_char': [190]}}"
"Six of 13 outpatients with schizophrenia who participated in a ten-week open trial of risperidone had an initial good response to the medication followed by development of intolerable affect, including feelings of agitation and depression and periods of crying and insomnia.",risperidone,periods of crying,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [97]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [243], 'end_char': [260]}}"
"The authors suggest that risperidone may increase affect in patients with schizophrenia and that some patients, especially those with anxiety, may have difficulty managing the increase.",risperidone,increase affect,"{'drug': {'start_char': [25], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [56]}}"
Methanol toxicity can cause severe central nervous system insult in which a characteristic pattern of bilateral putaminal injury is noted on brain imaging studies.,Methanol,bilateral putaminal injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [128]}}"
Methanol toxicity can cause severe central nervous system insult in which a characteristic pattern of bilateral putaminal injury is noted on brain imaging studies.,Methanol,Methanol toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
Methanol toxicity can cause severe central nervous system insult in which a characteristic pattern of bilateral putaminal injury is noted on brain imaging studies.,Methanol,severe central nervous system insult,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [64]}}"
Putaminal infarct in methanol intoxication: case report and role of brain imaging studies.,methanol,methanol intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [42]}}"
Putaminal infarct in methanol intoxication: case report and role of brain imaging studies.,methanol,Putaminal infarct,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [17]}}"
"Theoretical basal ganglia toxicologic mechanisms of methanol poisoning are reviewed, and the role of brain imaging studies will regard to diagnosis, prognosis and impact on management is discussed.",methanol,methanol poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [70]}}"
"We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.",methanol,bilateral putaminal necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [135]}}"
"We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.",methanol,cerebral edema,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [140], 'end_char': [154]}}"
"We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.",methanol,diffuse brain involvement,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.",methanol,fatal,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.",methanol,methanol toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"We present a fatal case of subacute methanol toxicity with associated diffuse brain involvement, including bilateral putaminal necrosis and cerebral edema with ventricular compression.",methanol,ventricular compression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [160], 'end_char': [183]}}"
A 28 year old white schizophrenic male has been under risperidone monotherapy for about one year when he developed dyskinetic movements.,risperidone,dyskinetic movements,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [115], 'end_char': [135]}}"
Risperidone-induced tardive dyskinesia.,Risperidone,tardive dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [38]}}"
This report presents a potential case of risperidone-induced tardive dyskinesia.,risperidone,tardive dyskinesia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [52]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [79]}}"
Increased ocular pressure in two patients with narrow angle glaucoma treated with venlafaxine.,venlafaxine,Increased ocular pressure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [25]}}"
"A 61-year-old man developed clinical lupus syndrome with positive antinuclear antibody, positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell preparation, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis following 26 months of procainamide therapy.",procainamide,clinical lupus syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [208], 'end_char': [220]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [51]}}"
"A 61-year-old man developed clinical lupus syndrome with positive antinuclear antibody, positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell preparation, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis following 26 months of procainamide therapy.",procainamide,diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [208], 'end_char': [220]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [184]}}"
"A 61-year-old man developed clinical lupus syndrome with positive antinuclear antibody, positive lupus erythematosus (LE) cell preparation, and diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis following 26 months of procainamide therapy.",procainamide,lupus erythematosus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [208], 'end_char': [220]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [116]}}"
Glomerulonephritis in procainamide induced lupus erythematosus: report of a case and review of the literature.,procainamide,Glomerulonephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Glomerulonephritis in procainamide induced lupus erythematosus: report of a case and review of the literature.,procainamide,lupus erythematosus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [62]}}"
We report a 76-year-old man who developed an acute blistering eruption following high-dose penicillin treatment for pneumococcal septicaemia.,penicillin,acute blistering eruption,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [45], 'end_char': [70]}}"
A case of prolonged suxamethonium apnoea successfully terminated by the infusion of a commercial preparation of serumcholinesterase is reported.,suxamethonium,apnoea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [40]}}"
Suxamethonium apnoea terminated with commercial serumcholinesterase.,Suxamethonium,apnoea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [13]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Cardiac arrest associated with sulprostone use during caesarean section.,sulprostone,Cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
We postulate that the bolus of sulprostone resulted in possible coronary spasm that resulted in cardiac arrest.,sulprostone,cardiac arrest,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [110]}}"
We postulate that the bolus of sulprostone resulted in possible coronary spasm that resulted in cardiac arrest.,sulprostone,coronary spasm,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [42]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",desmethylsertraline,doubling of the lamotrigine blood level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [172]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",lamotrigine,doubling of the lamotrigine blood level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [160]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [172]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",sertraline,doubling of the lamotrigine blood level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39, 70, 94], 'end_char': [49, 80, 104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [172]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",sertraline,doubling of the lamotrigine blood level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39, 70, 94], 'end_char': [49, 80, 104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [172]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",desmethylsertraline,symptoms of toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [198]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",lamotrigine,symptoms of toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [149], 'end_char': [160]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [198]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",sertraline,symptoms of toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39, 70, 94], 'end_char': [49, 80, 104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [198]}}"
"In case 1, a total daily dose of 25 mg sertraline, with nondetectable sertraline and desmethylsertraline blood levels, resulted in a doubling of the lamotrigine blood level with symptoms of toxicity.",sertraline,symptoms of toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39, 70, 94], 'end_char': [49, 80, 104]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [178], 'end_char': [198]}}"
Lamotrigine toxicity secondary to sertraline.,Lamotrigine,Lamotrigine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Lamotrigine toxicity secondary to sertraline.,sertraline,Lamotrigine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Flutamide withdrawal syndrome is characterized by a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after flutamide withdrawal in a subset of patients with progressing metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.,Flutamide,decrease in prostate-specific antigen,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [89]}}"
Flutamide withdrawal syndrome is characterized by a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after flutamide withdrawal in a subset of patients with progressing metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.,flutamide,decrease in prostate-specific antigen,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [89]}}"
Flutamide withdrawal syndrome is characterized by a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after flutamide withdrawal in a subset of patients with progressing metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.,Flutamide,Flutamide withdrawal syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Flutamide withdrawal syndrome is characterized by a decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after flutamide withdrawal in a subset of patients with progressing metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.,flutamide,Flutamide withdrawal syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [102], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [29]}}"
Prolonged prostate-specific antigen response in flutamide withdrawal syndrome despite disease progression.,flutamide,flutamide withdrawal syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [77]}}"
Prolonged prostate-specific antigen response in flutamide withdrawal syndrome despite disease progression.,flutamide,Prolonged prostate-specific antigen response,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [57]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [44]}}"
This case illustrates the potential decoupling of PSA response from disease status in flutamide withdrawal.,flutamide,decoupling of PSA response,"{'drug': {'start_char': [86], 'end_char': [95]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [62]}}"
We describe a patient with androgen-independent prostate cancer in whom PSA continued to decrease for a period of 15 months after flutamide withdrawal.,flutamide,PSA continued to decrease,"{'drug': {'start_char': [130], 'end_char': [139]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [97]}}"
Anaphylactic reaction to oral prednisone: a case report and review of the literature.,prednisone,Anaphylactic reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [21]}}"
We describe the case of a nonatopic 17-year-old girl with bronchial asthma and aspirin intolerance who developed a dramatic anaphylactic reaction to oral prednisone.,prednisone,anaphylactic reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [154], 'end_char': [164]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [145]}}"
"Animals treated with HAL showed a highly significant 32%-46% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, and 20% contraction of the TH stained dendritic arbour.",HAL,significant 32%-46% loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactive neurons,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [24]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
"METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled titrated oral challenges with pancreatic enzymes resulted in definite vomiting within 1 to 1.5 hours after challenges with Viokase and Pancrease MT 16, but not with placebo.",Pancrease MT 16,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [177], 'end_char': [192]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [120]}}"
"METHODS: Double-blind, placebo-controlled titrated oral challenges with pancreatic enzymes resulted in definite vomiting within 1 to 1.5 hours after challenges with Viokase and Pancrease MT 16, but not with placebo.",Viokase,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [172]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [120]}}"
"She was treated with Pancrease MT 16, but had consistent vomiting 1 to 2 hours after administration of enzymes.",Pancrease MT 16,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [36]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [65]}}"
"The vomiting occurred on switching to different pancreatic enzymes preparations, ie, Creon 10, Viokase, and Pancrease MT 16.",Creon 10,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [93]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"The vomiting occurred on switching to different pancreatic enzymes preparations, ie, Creon 10, Viokase, and Pancrease MT 16.",Pancrease MT 16,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"The vomiting occurred on switching to different pancreatic enzymes preparations, ie, Creon 10, Viokase, and Pancrease MT 16.",Viokase,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [102]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Acute valproate ingestion induces symptomatic methemoglobinemia.,valproate,symptomatic methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6], 'end_char': [15]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [63]}}"
"We report for the first time the development of symptomatic methemoglobinemia after an acute ingestion of divalproex sodium (Depakote), resulting in serum concentrations 10 times greater than the therapeutic range.",Depakote,symptomatic methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [133]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"We report for the first time the development of symptomatic methemoglobinemia after an acute ingestion of divalproex sodium (Depakote), resulting in serum concentrations 10 times greater than the therapeutic range.",divalproex sodium,symptomatic methemoglobinemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [48], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",mitomycin C,hemolytic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [130]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",MMC,hemolytic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [114], 'end_char': [130]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",mitomycin C,hemolytic uremic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [86]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",MMC,hemolytic uremic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [86]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",mitomycin C,progressive renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [178]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",MMC,progressive renal failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [153], 'end_char': [178]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",mitomycin C,thrombocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [25]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [148]}}"
"In rare cases mitomycin C (MMC) may induce cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome, which is characterized by hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and progressive renal failure.",MMC,thrombocytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [132], 'end_char': [148]}}"
Mitomycin C-related hemolytic uremic syndrome in cancer patients.,Mitomycin C,hemolytic uremic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [45]}}"
"We report a case of MMC-related hemolytic uremic syndrome, and discuss the etiologic parameters, clinical aspects, prognosis and treatment modalities of this severe syndrome.",MMC,hemolytic uremic syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [23]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [57]}}"
"CD4 T-lymphocyte depletion, myelosuppression, and subsequent severe infections are the major side effects of fludarabine phosphate therapy.",fludarabine phosphate,CD4 T-lymphocyte depletion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"CD4 T-lymphocyte depletion, myelosuppression, and subsequent severe infections are the major side effects of fludarabine phosphate therapy.",fludarabine phosphate,myelosuppression,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [44]}}"
"CD4 T-lymphocyte depletion, myelosuppression, and subsequent severe infections are the major side effects of fludarabine phosphate therapy.",fludarabine phosphate,severe infections,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [130]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [78]}}"
Severe respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary infection in a patient treated with fludarabine for chronic lymphocytic leukemia.,fludarabine,Severe respiratory syncytial virus pulmonary infection,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [54]}}"
We report here on a heretofore undescribed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a patient with a long-standing history of refractory CLL that was treated with fludarabine phosphate.,fludarabine phosphate,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection,"{'drug': {'start_char': [169], 'end_char': [190]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
Serotonin syndrome induced by transitioning from phenelzine to venlafaxine: four patient reports.,phenelzine,Serotonin syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Serotonin syndrome induced by transitioning from phenelzine to venlafaxine: four patient reports.,venlafaxine,Serotonin syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [18]}}"
Although this G-CSF-driven leucocytosis was alarming it did not appear to have adversely affected the patient's prognosis.,G-CSF,leucocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [14], 'end_char': [19]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Leukaemoid monocytosis in M4 AML following chemotherapy and G-CSF.,G-CSF,Leukaemoid monocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [65]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}}"
We describe a patient with M4 AML treated with standard chemotherapy followed by G-CSF who developed marked monocytosis on day 8 of G-CSF therapy.,G-CSF,monocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81, 132], 'end_char': [86, 137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [119]}}"
We describe a patient with M4 AML treated with standard chemotherapy followed by G-CSF who developed marked monocytosis on day 8 of G-CSF therapy.,G-CSF,monocytosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [81, 132], 'end_char': [86, 137]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [119]}}"
"Case 2 demonstrated after 40 months on chlorambucil the presence of a balanced translocation, t (1;5) (p36;q31) in 90% of the cells.",chlorambucil,balanced translocation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [92]}}"
Chromosome abnormalities after chlorambucil therapy of polycythaemia vera.,chlorambucil,Chromosome abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
Administration of steroid and decreasing the dose of PTU produced a good clinical response and the ANCA disappeared.,PTU,ANCA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [56]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [103]}}"
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive crescentic glomerulonephritis associated with propylthiouracil therapy.,propylthiouracil,Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-positive crescentic glomerulonephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [107]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [74]}}"
A teenage girl with crescentic glomerulonephritis had antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) detected after she had received propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism without cutaneous vasculitis.,propylthiouracil,antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody,"{'drug': {'start_char': [129], 'end_char': [145]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [89]}}"
A teenage girl with crescentic glomerulonephritis had antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) detected after she had received propylthiouracil (PTU) for hyperthyroidism without cutaneous vasculitis.,PTU,antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody,"{'drug': {'start_char': [147], 'end_char': [150]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [89]}}"
It was concluded that ANCA is closely related to the pathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis and that treatment with PTU appeared to induce ANCA.,PTU,ANCA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22, 146], 'end_char': [26, 150]}}"
It was concluded that ANCA is closely related to the pathogenesis of crescentic glomerulonephritis and that treatment with PTU appeared to induce ANCA.,PTU,ANCA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [123], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22, 146], 'end_char': [26, 150]}}"
A drug interaction between zafirlukast and theophylline.,theophylline,drug interaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [18]}}"
A drug interaction between zafirlukast and theophylline.,zafirlukast,drug interaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"Attempts were made to stop and then restart the theophylline therapy at progressively lower doses; however, with each attempt, the patient's reaction to the drug became more toxic, with serum theophylline levels ranging between 99.9 and 149.9 micromol/L (18 and 27 microg/mL).",theophylline,reaction to the drug became more toxic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48, 192], 'end_char': [60, 204]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [179]}}"
"Attempts were made to stop and then restart the theophylline therapy at progressively lower doses; however, with each attempt, the patient's reaction to the drug became more toxic, with serum theophylline levels ranging between 99.9 and 149.9 micromol/L (18 and 27 microg/mL).",theophylline,reaction to the drug became more toxic,"{'drug': {'start_char': [48, 192], 'end_char': [60, 204]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [141], 'end_char': [179]}}"
"One explanation for the noted increase in the theophylline level is that metabolism occurs mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP 1A2), an enzyme that is known to be inhibited with high concentrations of zafirlukast.",theophylline,increase in the theophylline level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [46], 'end_char': [58]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"One explanation for the noted increase in the theophylline level is that metabolism occurs mainly by cytochrome P450 (CYP 1A2), an enzyme that is known to be inhibited with high concentrations of zafirlukast.",zafirlukast,increase in the theophylline level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [196], 'end_char': [207]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [30], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"Recently, her serum theophylline levels had increased to the toxic range (133.2 micromol/L [24 microg/mL]) shortly after the addition of zafirlukast (Accolate, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Del) to her regimen.",Accolate,theophylline levels had increased to the toxic range,"{'drug': {'start_char': [150], 'end_char': [158]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"Recently, her serum theophylline levels had increased to the toxic range (133.2 micromol/L [24 microg/mL]) shortly after the addition of zafirlukast (Accolate, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Del) to her regimen.",theophylline,theophylline levels had increased to the toxic range,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"Recently, her serum theophylline levels had increased to the toxic range (133.2 micromol/L [24 microg/mL]) shortly after the addition of zafirlukast (Accolate, Zeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, Del) to her regimen.",zafirlukast,theophylline levels had increased to the toxic range,"{'drug': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [148]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [72]}}"
The noted increase in the theophylline level after zafirlukast administration is in contrast to the original reports by the manufacturer.,theophylline,increase in the theophylline level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [38]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [44]}}"
The noted increase in the theophylline level after zafirlukast administration is in contrast to the original reports by the manufacturer.,zafirlukast,increase in the theophylline level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [10], 'end_char': [44]}}"
We present the first case (to our knowledge) of a potentially serious drug-drug interaction between zafirlukast and theophylline.,theophylline,drug-drug interaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [128]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [91]}}"
We present the first case (to our knowledge) of a potentially serious drug-drug interaction between zafirlukast and theophylline.,zafirlukast,drug-drug interaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [111]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [91]}}"
A 21-year-old patient developed rhabdomyolysis during his nineteenth week of treatment with clozapine for drug-resistant schizophrenia.,clozapine,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [101]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Clozapine is speculated to cause rhabdomyolysis in patients with defective calcium-activated K+ channels.,Clozapine,rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [9]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [47]}}"
Rhabdomyolysis associated with clozapine treatment in a patient with decreased calcium-dependent potassium permeability of cell membranes.,clozapine,Rhabdomyolysis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [40]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [14]}}"
We describe children and adolescents with chronic hematologic and oncologic diseases who exhibited drug-seeking behavior or anticholinergic symptoms with the use of diphenhydramine.,diphenhydramine,anticholinergic symptoms,"{'drug': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [148]}}"
We describe children and adolescents with chronic hematologic and oncologic diseases who exhibited drug-seeking behavior or anticholinergic symptoms with the use of diphenhydramine.,diphenhydramine,drug-seeking behavior,"{'drug': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [120]}}"
"Excluding other causes, Pentasa-associated pancytopenia was considered.",Pentasa,pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [55]}}"
"He developed fever, nausea, diarrhea, and malaise and stopped taking on the third day after commencing Pentasa.",Pentasa,diarrhea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [28], 'end_char': [36]}}"
"He developed fever, nausea, diarrhea, and malaise and stopped taking on the third day after commencing Pentasa.",Pentasa,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [18]}}"
"He developed fever, nausea, diarrhea, and malaise and stopped taking on the third day after commencing Pentasa.",Pentasa,malaise,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [49]}}"
"He developed fever, nausea, diarrhea, and malaise and stopped taking on the third day after commencing Pentasa.",Pentasa,nausea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [110]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [26]}}"
Pancytopenia associated with 5-aminosalicylic acid use in a patient with Crohn's disease.,5-aminosalicylic acid,Pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [29], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"We report a case of pancytopenia in a 23-year-old man with Crohn's disease who was treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Pentasa; Nisshin, Tokyo, Japan) 3.0 g/day.",5-aminosalicylic acid,pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [96], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}}"
"We report a case of pancytopenia in a 23-year-old man with Crohn's disease who was treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid (Pentasa; Nisshin, Tokyo, Japan) 3.0 g/day.",Pentasa,pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [119], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [32]}}"
1. Changes in the plasma cortisol level were reported in a male patient with panic disorder during the period of low-dose alprazolam treatment (mean 0.62 +/- 0.15 mg/day) compared with during the period of high-dose period (mean 1.08 +/- 0.28 mg/day).,alprazolam,Changes in the plasma cortisol level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [132]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [3], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"3. Thus, the decreased plasma cortisol level during alprazolam treatment of panic disorder was suggested to be caused not by symptom alleviation due to alprazolam but by alprazolam administration itself.",alprazolam,decreased plasma cortisol level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52, 152, 170], 'end_char': [62, 162, 180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [44]}}"
Decreased plasma cortisol level during alprazolam treatment of panic disorder: a case report.,alprazolam,Decreased plasma cortisol level,"{'drug': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [49]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [31]}}"
We describe a renal transplant recipient maintained on cyclosporine and prednisone developing Nocardia Asteroides brain abscess.,cyclosporine,Nocardia Asteroides brain abscess,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [127]}}"
We describe a renal transplant recipient maintained on cyclosporine and prednisone developing Nocardia Asteroides brain abscess.,prednisone,Nocardia Asteroides brain abscess,"{'drug': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [127]}}"
Young children undergoing cisplatin chemotherapy are known to be at risk for progressive sensorineural hearing loss.,cisplatin,progressive sensorineural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [115]}}"
"A 47 year-old woman who had a 4-year history of intramuscular pentazocine injections in the lower extremities, developed gradual stiffness and weakness of the lower extremities.",pentazocine,gradual stiffness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [121], 'end_char': [138]}}"
"A 47 year-old woman who had a 4-year history of intramuscular pentazocine injections in the lower extremities, developed gradual stiffness and weakness of the lower extremities.",pentazocine,weakness of the lower extremities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [62], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [176]}}"
Caution in longterm usage and early recognition of pentazocine toxicity as a neuromuscular complication are important in order to prevent irreversible drug-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.,pentazocine,fibrous myopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [164], 'end_char': [180]}}"
Caution in longterm usage and early recognition of pentazocine toxicity as a neuromuscular complication are important in order to prevent irreversible drug-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.,pentazocine,neuromuscular complication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [77], 'end_char': [103]}}"
Caution in longterm usage and early recognition of pentazocine toxicity as a neuromuscular complication are important in order to prevent irreversible drug-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.,pentazocine,neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [205]}}"
Caution in longterm usage and early recognition of pentazocine toxicity as a neuromuscular complication are important in order to prevent irreversible drug-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.,pentazocine,pentazocine toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [71]}}"
Pentazocine-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.,Pentazocine,fibrous myopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Pentazocine-induced fibrous myopathy and localized neuropathy.,Pentazocine,neuropathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [61]}}"
"In two of these cases akathisia resolved after withdrawal of olanzapine and substitution by a classical or an atypical neuroleptic agent, respectively.",olanzapine,akathisia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [31]}}"
Like other atypical neuroleptics olanzapine is considered to show a reduced prevalence of extrapyramidal side effects when compared to classical neuroleptic drugs.,olanzapine,extrapyramidal side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [33], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [117]}}"
One should therefore be aware of possible extrapyramidal side effects with olanzapine that are reduced compared to classical neuroleptic drugs but not completely eliminated.,olanzapine,extrapyramidal side effects,"{'drug': {'start_char': [75], 'end_char': [85]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [69]}}"
Severe akathisia during olanzapine treatment of acute schizophrenia.,olanzapine,Severe akathisia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
"We report on three patients with acute schizophrenia, who developed severe akathisia during treatment with olanzapine (20-25 mg/d).",olanzapine,severe akathisia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [117]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [84]}}"
"Seizures occurred in two patients with probable Alzheimer's disease who were receiving long-term treatment with metrifonate, an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor.",metrifonate,Seizures,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [123]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}}"
"However, 1 eye had vitreous hemorrhage after repeated injections of tPA.",tPA,vitreous hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [71]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [38]}}"
"However, repeated intracameral tPA injections may cause unwanted complications such as vitreous hemorrhage.",tPA,vitreous hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [34]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [106]}}"
"Although praziquantel administration may have been effective in killing the parasite in both patients, we are concerned about the production of marked inflammation as a result of treatment.",praziquantel,inflammation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [9], 'end_char': [21]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [163]}}"
"NMS is a drug-related response to various medications, such as Haloperidol, which the patient was receiving.",Haloperidol,NMS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [3]}}"
Methimazole-induced aplastic anemia in third exposure: successful treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor.,Methimazole,aplastic anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [35]}}"
We present a case of a 58-year-old female patient with Graves' disease who developed AA in the third exposure to methimazole (MMI).,methimazole,AA,"{'drug': {'start_char': [113], 'end_char': [124]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [87]}}"
"FSGS induced by Adriamycin (Pharmacia & Upjohn, Columbus, OH) has been observed experimentally in rats.",Adriamycin,FSGS,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [4]}}"
"The case demonstrates that hypersensitivity reaction to pranlukast and resultant ATIN is possible, and that periodic urine testing in patients receiving pranlukast should be considered.",pranlukast,ATIN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56, 153], 'end_char': [66, 163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"The case demonstrates that hypersensitivity reaction to pranlukast and resultant ATIN is possible, and that periodic urine testing in patients receiving pranlukast should be considered.",pranlukast,ATIN,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56, 153], 'end_char': [66, 163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [81], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"The case demonstrates that hypersensitivity reaction to pranlukast and resultant ATIN is possible, and that periodic urine testing in patients receiving pranlukast should be considered.",pranlukast,hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56, 153], 'end_char': [66, 163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [52]}}"
"The case demonstrates that hypersensitivity reaction to pranlukast and resultant ATIN is possible, and that periodic urine testing in patients receiving pranlukast should be considered.",pranlukast,hypersensitivity reaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [56, 153], 'end_char': [66, 163]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [52]}}"
Tubulointerstitial nephritis induced by the leukotriene receptor antagonist pranlukast.,pranlukast,Tubulointerstitial nephritis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [86]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"Within 6 months of pranlukast withdrawal, anemia resolved and urinary sediment and renal function normalized.",pranlukast,anemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [29]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [48]}}"
A 65-year-old woman with angina pectoris presented with syncope after sublingual ingestion of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg).,isosorbide dinitrate,syncope,"{'drug': {'start_char': [94], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [56], 'end_char': [63]}}"
"Elderly patients for whom nitrate has been prescribed should be warned of the occurrence of hypotension, leading to unconsciousness.",nitrate,hypotension,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"Elderly patients for whom nitrate has been prescribed should be warned of the occurrence of hypotension, leading to unconsciousness.",nitrate,unconsciousness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [33]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [116], 'end_char': [131]}}"
"In a postural challenge test after administration of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg), blood pressure decreased from 120/67 to 65/35 mmHg, followed by syncope with a sudden decrease in pulse rate from 85 to 60 beats/min.",isosorbide dinitrate,blood pressure decreased,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [106]}}"
"In a postural challenge test after administration of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg), blood pressure decreased from 120/67 to 65/35 mmHg, followed by syncope with a sudden decrease in pulse rate from 85 to 60 beats/min.",isosorbide dinitrate,sudden decrease in pulse rate,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [161], 'end_char': [190]}}"
"In a postural challenge test after administration of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg), blood pressure decreased from 120/67 to 65/35 mmHg, followed by syncope with a sudden decrease in pulse rate from 85 to 60 beats/min.",isosorbide dinitrate,syncope,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [153]}}"
Syncope in a 65-year-old woman after nitrate ingestion.,nitrate,Syncope,"{'drug': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
Three diabetic cases of acute dizziness due to initial administration of voglibose.,voglibose,acute dizziness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [82]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [24], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"We observed 3 diabetic patients with intolerable dizziness followed by nausea and vomiting immediately after an initial administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose.",voglibose,intolerable dizziness,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [37], 'end_char': [58]}}"
"We observed 3 diabetic patients with intolerable dizziness followed by nausea and vomiting immediately after an initial administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose.",voglibose,nausea,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"We observed 3 diabetic patients with intolerable dizziness followed by nausea and vomiting immediately after an initial administration of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, voglibose.",voglibose,vomiting,"{'drug': {'start_char': [171], 'end_char': [180]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [82], 'end_char': [90]}}"
Naproxen-associated sudden sensorineural hearing loss.,Naproxen,sudden sensorineural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [53]}}"
Naproxen is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) whose side effects include tinnitus and transient hearing loss.,Naproxen,tinnitus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [99], 'end_char': [107]}}"
Naproxen is a commonly used nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) whose side effects include tinnitus and transient hearing loss.,Naproxen,transient hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [8]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [134]}}"
This article reports the case of an otherwise healthy patient who experienced permanent sensorineural hearing loss after a brief course of naproxen and reviews the literature on NSAID-related permanent sensorineural hearing loss.,naproxen,sensorineural hearing loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [139], 'end_char': [147]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88, 202], 'end_char': [114, 228]}}"
Dental and gingival pain as side effects of niacin therapy.,niacin,Dental and gingival pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [24]}}"
"The cause of these previously unreported side effects of niacin therapy is uncertain but may be related to prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation, hyperalgesia of sensory nerve receptors, and potentiation of inflammation in the gingiva with referral of pain to the teeth.",niacin,hyperalgesia of sensory nerve receptors,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [146], 'end_char': [185]}}"
"The cause of these previously unreported side effects of niacin therapy is uncertain but may be related to prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation, hyperalgesia of sensory nerve receptors, and potentiation of inflammation in the gingiva with referral of pain to the teeth.",niacin,pain to the teeth,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [252], 'end_char': [269]}}"
"The cause of these previously unreported side effects of niacin therapy is uncertain but may be related to prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation, hyperalgesia of sensory nerve receptors, and potentiation of inflammation in the gingiva with referral of pain to the teeth.",niacin,potentiation of inflammation in the gingiva,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [191], 'end_char': [234]}}"
"The cause of these previously unreported side effects of niacin therapy is uncertain but may be related to prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation, hyperalgesia of sensory nerve receptors, and potentiation of inflammation in the gingiva with referral of pain to the teeth.",niacin,prostaglandin-mediated vasodilatation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [144]}}"
"Two 65-year-old white men with coronary heart disease, given niacin therapy for dyslipidemia for 5 months, developed intense dental and gingival pain that was associated with increases in dose and that was relieved with discontinuance of niacin treatment.",niacin,intense dental and gingival pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61, 238], 'end_char': [67, 244]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [149]}}"
"Two 65-year-old white men with coronary heart disease, given niacin therapy for dyslipidemia for 5 months, developed intense dental and gingival pain that was associated with increases in dose and that was relieved with discontinuance of niacin treatment.",niacin,intense dental and gingival pain,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61, 238], 'end_char': [67, 244]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [149]}}"
"Although major hazards of treatment of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with phosphate and calcitriol are secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxication, potassium loss also should be kept in mind.",calcitriol,potassium loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [161], 'end_char': [175]}}"
"Although major hazards of treatment of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with phosphate and calcitriol are secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxication, potassium loss also should be kept in mind.",phosphate,potassium loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43, 74], 'end_char': [52, 83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [161], 'end_char': [175]}}"
"Although major hazards of treatment of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with phosphate and calcitriol are secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxication, potassium loss also should be kept in mind.",calcitriol,secondary hyperparathyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [132]}}"
"Although major hazards of treatment of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with phosphate and calcitriol are secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxication, potassium loss also should be kept in mind.",phosphate,secondary hyperparathyroidism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43, 74], 'end_char': [52, 83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [132]}}"
"Although major hazards of treatment of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with phosphate and calcitriol are secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxication, potassium loss also should be kept in mind.",calcitriol,vitamin D intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [159]}}"
"Although major hazards of treatment of hypophosphatemic osteomalacia with phosphate and calcitriol are secondary hyperparathyroidism and vitamin D intoxication, potassium loss also should be kept in mind.",phosphate,vitamin D intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43, 74], 'end_char': [52, 83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [159]}}"
High-dose phosphate treatment leads to hypokalemia in hypophosphatemic osteomalacia.,phosphate,hypokalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [10, 58], 'end_char': [19, 67]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [39], 'end_char': [50]}}"
It was concluded that potassium loss occurred by a non-renal (intestinal) route in phosphate-induced hypokalemia.,phosphate,hypokalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [101], 'end_char': [112]}}"
It was concluded that potassium loss occurred by a non-renal (intestinal) route in phosphate-induced hypokalemia.,phosphate,potassium loss,"{'drug': {'start_char': [83], 'end_char': [92]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [36]}}"
Progressive hypokalemia developed during phosphate treatment.,phosphate,Progressive hypokalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [50]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [23]}}"
"The mechanism of the decrease in plasma potassium induced by phosphate treatment was investigated in a 24-year-old hypertensive patient with hypophosphatemic osteomalacia, who was the youngest of four patients, belonging to a 23 number kindred of five generations.",phosphate,decrease in plasma potassium,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61, 145], 'end_char': [70, 154]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [49]}}"
Transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) also decreased and an inverse correlation was found between TTKG and doses of phosphate (r = -0.37; p < 0.02; N = 38).,phosphate,Transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) also decreased,"{'drug': {'start_char': [117], 'end_char': [126]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
"Alveolar-interstitial pneumopathy after gold-salts compounds administration, requiring mechanical ventilation.",gold,Alveolar-interstitial pneumopathy,"{'drug': {'start_char': [40], 'end_char': [44]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [33]}}"
The pulmonary toxicity of gold salts is an uncommon cause of life-threatening respiratory failure.,gold,pulmonary toxicity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [4], 'end_char': [22]}}"
The pulmonary toxicity of gold salts is an uncommon cause of life-threatening respiratory failure.,gold,respiratory failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [97]}}"
We report a case of severe respiratory failure due to gold salt toxicity in a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis requiring mechanical ventilation.,gold,respiratory failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [54], 'end_char': [58]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [46]}}"
"As this relapse coincided with development of a strong delayed-type hypersensitivity response to tuberculin and improved after treatment with the anti-inflammatory agent oxpentifylline, it was probably caused by restoration of pathogen-specific cellular immunity.",tuberculin,hypersensitivity response,"{'drug': {'start_char': [97], 'end_char': [107]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [68], 'end_char': [93]}}"
"A patient with psoriasis is described who had an abnormal response to the glucose tolerance test without other evidence of diabetes and then developed postprandial hyperglycemia and glycosuria during a period of topical administration of a corticosteroid cream, halcinonide cream 0.1%, under occlusion.",halcinonide,glycosuria,"{'drug': {'start_char': [262], 'end_char': [273]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [182], 'end_char': [192]}}"
"A patient with psoriasis is described who had an abnormal response to the glucose tolerance test without other evidence of diabetes and then developed postprandial hyperglycemia and glycosuria during a period of topical administration of a corticosteroid cream, halcinonide cream 0.1%, under occlusion.",halcinonide,postprandial hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [262], 'end_char': [273]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [177]}}"
A second patient with a similar glucose tolerance test result showed postprandial hyperglycemia when treated similarly with betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%.,betamethasone valerate,postprandial hyperglycemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [124], 'end_char': [146]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"After 1 week of nefazodone therapy the patient experienced headache, confusion, and ""gray areas"" in her vision, without abnormal ophthalmologic findings.",nefazodone,confusion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [69], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"After 1 week of nefazodone therapy the patient experienced headache, confusion, and ""gray areas"" in her vision, without abnormal ophthalmologic findings.",nefazodone,gray areas,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [95]}}"
"After 1 week of nefazodone therapy the patient experienced headache, confusion, and ""gray areas"" in her vision, without abnormal ophthalmologic findings.",nefazodone,headache,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [59], 'end_char': [67]}}"
"Coadministration of antidepressant agents such as nefazodone, or any other drug that inhibits the CYP3A4 isoenzyme subfamily, should be anticipated to interfere with tacrolimus metabolism.",nefazodone,interfere with tacrolimus metabolism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [187]}}"
"Coadministration of antidepressant agents such as nefazodone, or any other drug that inhibits the CYP3A4 isoenzyme subfamily, should be anticipated to interfere with tacrolimus metabolism.",tacrolimus,interfere with tacrolimus metabolism,"{'drug': {'start_char': [166], 'end_char': [176]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [151], 'end_char': [187]}}"
Interaction between tacrolimus and nefazodone in a stable renal transplant recipient.,nefazodone,Interaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [35], 'end_char': [45]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
Interaction between tacrolimus and nefazodone in a stable renal transplant recipient.,tacrolimus,Interaction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [30]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}}"
We suspect that nefazodone inhibits metabolism of tacrolimus.,nefazodone,inhibits metabolism of tacrolimus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [16], 'end_char': [26]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [60]}}"
We suspect that nefazodone inhibits metabolism of tacrolimus.,tacrolimus,inhibits metabolism of tacrolimus,"{'drug': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [60]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [27], 'end_char': [60]}}"
We report the case of intoxication of a 41-year-old female patient suffering from major depression with mirtazapine complicated by severe hypothermia.,mirtazapine,intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [115]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [22], 'end_char': [34]}}"
CONCLUSION: We report a case of the use of pamidronate for significant hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D poisoning.,vitamin D,acute vitamin D poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [98], 'end_char': [123]}}"
CONCLUSION: We report a case of the use of pamidronate for significant hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D poisoning.,vitamin D,hypercalcemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [113]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [84]}}"
Pamidronate therapy should be considered in patients with hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D poisoning.,vitamin D,acute vitamin D poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [85], 'end_char': [110]}}"
Pamidronate therapy should be considered in patients with hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D poisoning.,vitamin D,hypercalcemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [91], 'end_char': [100]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [71]}}"
The patient was initially treated with hydration and furosemide but developed congestive heart failure.,furosemide,congestive heart failure,"{'drug': {'start_char': [53], 'end_char': [63]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [78], 'end_char': [102]}}"
The use of pamidronate for hypercalcemia secondary to acute vitamin D intoxication.,vitamin D,vitamin D intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [69]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [60], 'end_char': [82]}}"
"We report the use of pamidronate for acute, severe hypercalcemia secondary to iatrogenic vitamin D poisoning.",vitamin D,severe hypercalcemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [64]}}"
"We report the use of pamidronate for acute, severe hypercalcemia secondary to iatrogenic vitamin D poisoning.",vitamin D,vitamin D poisoning,"{'drug': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [98]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [89], 'end_char': [108]}}"
A 40-year-old man with a long standing history of rheumatoid arthritis was treated with MTX over a 6 month period and developed an overwhelming hepatic necrosis.,MTX,overwhelming hepatic necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [131], 'end_char': [160]}}"
Methotrexate-induced hepatic necrosis requiring liver transplantation in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis.,Methotrexate,hepatic necrosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [21], 'end_char': [37]}}"
"MTX-induced hepatic injury and liver enzyme elevations have been demonstrated after treatment of leukemia, gestational disease and during treatment of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.",MTX,hepatic injury,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [3]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [26]}}"
"MTX-induced hepatic injury and liver enzyme elevations have been demonstrated after treatment of leukemia, gestational disease and during treatment of psoriasis and rheumatoid arthritis.",MTX,liver enzyme elevations,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [3]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [54]}}"
Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that vinorelbine may cause SIADH and possibly hypokalemia.,vinorelbine,hypokalemia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [92], 'end_char': [103]}}"
Clinicians should be aware of the possibility that vinorelbine may cause SIADH and possibly hypokalemia.,vinorelbine,SIADH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [62]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [73], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"CONCLUSIONS: Because of its structural similarity to the other vinca alkaloids, vinorelbine is believed to be responsible for SIADH in our patient.",vinorelbine,SIADH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [91]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [126], 'end_char': [131]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe onset of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with vinorelbine therapy for advanced breast cancer.,vinorelbine,SIADH,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [85]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To describe onset of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) associated with vinorelbine therapy for advanced breast cancer.,vinorelbine,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [103], 'end_char': [114]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [32], 'end_char': [78]}}"
Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone associated with vinorelbine therapy.,vinorelbine,Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone,"{'drug': {'start_char': [63], 'end_char': [74]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Pirmenol hydrochloride-induced QT prolongation and T wave inversion on electrocardiogram during treatment for symptomatic atrial fibrillation.,Pirmenol hydrochloride,QT prolongation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [31], 'end_char': [46]}}"
Pirmenol hydrochloride-induced QT prolongation and T wave inversion on electrocardiogram during treatment for symptomatic atrial fibrillation.,Pirmenol hydrochloride,T wave inversion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [22]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [51], 'end_char': [67]}}"
"Thus, an immunological mechanism might be involved in the mechanism of pirmenol-induced QT prolongation and T wave inversion on the electrocardiogram.",pirmenol,QT prolongation,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [103]}}"
"Thus, an immunological mechanism might be involved in the mechanism of pirmenol-induced QT prolongation and T wave inversion on the electrocardiogram.",pirmenol,T wave inversion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [71], 'end_char': [79]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [108], 'end_char': [124]}}"
"We report on a 56-year-old female who exhibited drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, in which marked prolongation of the QT interval and T wave inversion on electrocardiogram was demonstrated reproducibly shortly after the administration of oral pirmenol therapy.",pirmenol,prolongation of the QT interval,"{'drug': {'start_char': [257], 'end_char': [265]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [143]}}"
"We report on a 56-year-old female who exhibited drug refractory paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, in which marked prolongation of the QT interval and T wave inversion on electrocardiogram was demonstrated reproducibly shortly after the administration of oral pirmenol therapy.",pirmenol,T wave inversion,"{'drug': {'start_char': [257], 'end_char': [265]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [148], 'end_char': [164]}}"
Disseminated muscular cysticercosis with myositis induced by praziquantel therapy.,praziquantel,myositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [61], 'end_char': [73]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [41], 'end_char': [49]}}"
"We describe a case of disseminated muscular cysticercosis followed by myositis (fever, diffuse myalgia, weakness of the lower limbs, and inflammatory reaction around dying cysticerci) induced by praziquantel therapy, an event not described previously.",praziquantel,diffuse myalgia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [207]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [87], 'end_char': [102]}}"
"We describe a case of disseminated muscular cysticercosis followed by myositis (fever, diffuse myalgia, weakness of the lower limbs, and inflammatory reaction around dying cysticerci) induced by praziquantel therapy, an event not described previously.",praziquantel,fever,"{'drug': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [207]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [85]}}"
"We describe a case of disseminated muscular cysticercosis followed by myositis (fever, diffuse myalgia, weakness of the lower limbs, and inflammatory reaction around dying cysticerci) induced by praziquantel therapy, an event not described previously.",praziquantel,inflammatory reaction around dying cysticerci,"{'drug': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [207]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [137], 'end_char': [182]}}"
"We describe a case of disseminated muscular cysticercosis followed by myositis (fever, diffuse myalgia, weakness of the lower limbs, and inflammatory reaction around dying cysticerci) induced by praziquantel therapy, an event not described previously.",praziquantel,myositis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [207]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [70], 'end_char': [78]}}"
"We describe a case of disseminated muscular cysticercosis followed by myositis (fever, diffuse myalgia, weakness of the lower limbs, and inflammatory reaction around dying cysticerci) induced by praziquantel therapy, an event not described previously.",praziquantel,weakness of the lower limbs,"{'drug': {'start_char': [195], 'end_char': [207]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [104], 'end_char': [131]}}"
Massive subfascial hematoma after alteplase therapy for acute myocardial infarction.,alteplase,Massive subfascial hematoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [34], 'end_char': [43]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [27]}}"
Physicians should be aware of the possible association between the use of alteplase and the development of subfascial hemorrhage.,alteplase,subfascial hemorrhage,"{'drug': {'start_char': [74], 'end_char': [83]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [107], 'end_char': [128]}}"
The authors report a case of a patient who received alteplase for acute myocardial infarction and developed spontaneous subfascial hematoma without any evidence of direct trauma.,alteplase,subfascial hematoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [61]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [120], 'end_char': [139]}}"
The development of cutaneous ecchymosis associated with a sudden fall in hemoglobin after the administration of alteplase should strongly suggest the possibility of diffuse subfascial hematoma.,alteplase,cutaneous ecchymosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [39]}}"
The development of cutaneous ecchymosis associated with a sudden fall in hemoglobin after the administration of alteplase should strongly suggest the possibility of diffuse subfascial hematoma.,alteplase,diffuse subfascial hematoma,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [165], 'end_char': [192]}}"
The development of cutaneous ecchymosis associated with a sudden fall in hemoglobin after the administration of alteplase should strongly suggest the possibility of diffuse subfascial hematoma.,alteplase,sudden fall in hemoglobin,"{'drug': {'start_char': [112], 'end_char': [121]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [58], 'end_char': [83]}}"
A fatal case of pancytopenia due to levomepromazine.,levomepromazine,fatal case of pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [36], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"A fatal pancytopenia occurred in a patient with an history of depression with hypomanic rebounds, admitted for a manic episode and treated with levomepromazine, diazepam and lithium carbonate.",diazepam,fatal pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [161], 'end_char': [169]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [20]}}"
"A fatal pancytopenia occurred in a patient with an history of depression with hypomanic rebounds, admitted for a manic episode and treated with levomepromazine, diazepam and lithium carbonate.",levomepromazine,fatal pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [144], 'end_char': [159]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [20]}}"
"A fatal pancytopenia occurred in a patient with an history of depression with hypomanic rebounds, admitted for a manic episode and treated with levomepromazine, diazepam and lithium carbonate.",lithium carbonate,fatal pancytopenia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [174], 'end_char': [191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [2], 'end_char': [20]}}"
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis associated with thyrotropin receptor antibody.,Amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [19], 'end_char': [33]}}"
Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis associated with thyrotropin receptor antibody.,Amiodarone,thyrotropin receptor antibody,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [10]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [50], 'end_char': [79]}}"
"Among 12 thyrotoxic patients, a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, who had been taking amiodarone for 4 years, developed thyrotoxicosis with subacute onset, accompanied by transiently positive thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb), or thyrotropin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulin (TBII).",amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [143], 'end_char': [157]}}"
"Among 12 thyrotoxic patients, a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, who had been taking amiodarone for 4 years, developed thyrotoxicosis with subacute onset, accompanied by transiently positive thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb), or thyrotropin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulin (TBII).",amiodarone,thyrotropin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulin,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [262], 'end_char': [307]}}"
"Among 12 thyrotoxic patients, a patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia, who had been taking amiodarone for 4 years, developed thyrotoxicosis with subacute onset, accompanied by transiently positive thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody (TRAb), or thyrotropin-binding inhibiting immunoglobulin (TBII).",amiodarone,transiently positive thyrotropin (TSH) receptor antibody,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [119]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [], 'end_char': []}}"
"Since amiodarone was first marketed in 1992 in Japan, the incidence of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) has been increasing.",amiodarone,AIT,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6, 71], 'end_char': [16, 81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [106], 'end_char': [109]}}"
"Since amiodarone was first marketed in 1992 in Japan, the incidence of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT) has been increasing.",amiodarone,thyrotoxicosis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [6, 71], 'end_char': [16, 81]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [90], 'end_char': [104]}}"
"These in vitro findings and clinical course suggest that TRAb/TBII without thyroid-stimulating activity may develop in patients with amiodarone-induced destructive thyroiditis, as reported in patients with destructive thyroiditis, such as subacute and silent thyroiditis.",amiodarone,destructive thyroiditis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [152, 206], 'end_char': [175, 229]}}"
"These in vitro findings and clinical course suggest that TRAb/TBII without thyroid-stimulating activity may develop in patients with amiodarone-induced destructive thyroiditis, as reported in patients with destructive thyroiditis, such as subacute and silent thyroiditis.",amiodarone,destructive thyroiditis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [152, 206], 'end_char': [175, 229]}}"
"These in vitro findings and clinical course suggest that TRAb/TBII without thyroid-stimulating activity may develop in patients with amiodarone-induced destructive thyroiditis, as reported in patients with destructive thyroiditis, such as subacute and silent thyroiditis.",amiodarone,thyroiditis,"{'drug': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [164, 218, 259], 'end_char': [175, 229, 270]}}"
"These in vitro findings and clinical course suggest that TRAb/TBII without thyroid-stimulating activity may develop in patients with amiodarone-induced destructive thyroiditis, as reported in patients with destructive thyroiditis, such as subacute and silent thyroiditis.",amiodarone,TRAb/TBII without thyroid-stimulating activity,"{'drug': {'start_char': [133], 'end_char': [143]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [103]}}"
CONCLUSION: Lipoid pneumonia as a result of mineral oil aspiration still occurs in the pediatric population.,mineral oil,Lipoid pneumonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [55]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [12], 'end_char': [28]}}"
"In patients with swallowing dysfunction and pneumonia, a history of mineral oil use should be obtained and a diagnosis of ELP should be considered in the differential diagnoses if mineral oil use has occurred.",mineral oil,ELP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68, 180], 'end_char': [79, 191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [125]}}"
"In patients with swallowing dysfunction and pneumonia, a history of mineral oil use should be obtained and a diagnosis of ELP should be considered in the differential diagnoses if mineral oil use has occurred.",mineral oil,ELP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68, 180], 'end_char': [79, 191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [122], 'end_char': [125]}}"
"In patients with swallowing dysfunction and pneumonia, a history of mineral oil use should be obtained and a diagnosis of ELP should be considered in the differential diagnoses if mineral oil use has occurred.",mineral oil,pneumonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68, 180], 'end_char': [79, 191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"In patients with swallowing dysfunction and pneumonia, a history of mineral oil use should be obtained and a diagnosis of ELP should be considered in the differential diagnoses if mineral oil use has occurred.",mineral oil,pneumonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68, 180], 'end_char': [79, 191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [44], 'end_char': [53]}}"
"In patients with swallowing dysfunction and pneumonia, a history of mineral oil use should be obtained and a diagnosis of ELP should be considered in the differential diagnoses if mineral oil use has occurred.",mineral oil,swallowing dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68, 180], 'end_char': [79, 191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [39]}}"
"In patients with swallowing dysfunction and pneumonia, a history of mineral oil use should be obtained and a diagnosis of ELP should be considered in the differential diagnoses if mineral oil use has occurred.",mineral oil,swallowing dysfunction,"{'drug': {'start_char': [68, 180], 'end_char': [79, 191]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [17], 'end_char': [39]}}"
Lipoid pneumonia: a silent complication of mineral oil aspiration.,mineral oil,Lipoid pneumonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [54]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [16]}}"
"Mineral oil, a hydrocarbon, may not elicit a normal protective cough reflex and may impair mucociliary transport.",Mineral oil,impair mucociliary transport,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [11]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [84], 'end_char': [112]}}"
Our case points to the need for increased awareness by the general pediatricians of the potential hazards of mineral oil use for chronic constipation.,mineral oil,potential hazards,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [88], 'end_char': [105]}}"
"Treatment of ELP in children is generally supportive, with the symptoms and roentgenographic abnormalities resolving within months after stopping the use of mineral oil.",mineral oil,ELP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [16]}}"
"Treatment of ELP in children is generally supportive, with the symptoms and roentgenographic abnormalities resolving within months after stopping the use of mineral oil.",mineral oil,roentgenographic abnormalities,"{'drug': {'start_char': [157], 'end_char': [168]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [76], 'end_char': [106]}}"
We report a case of a child with neurodevelopmental delay with chronic constipation and a history of chronic mineral oil ingestion presenting as asymptomatic exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP).,mineral oil,ELP,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [186], 'end_char': [189]}}"
We report a case of a child with neurodevelopmental delay with chronic constipation and a history of chronic mineral oil ingestion presenting as asymptomatic exogenous lipoid pneumonia (ELP).,mineral oil,exogenous lipoid pneumonia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [109], 'end_char': [120]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [158], 'end_char': [184]}}"
An unusual cause of burn injury: unsupervised use of drugs that contain psoralens.,burn injury,psoralens,"{'drug': {'start_char': [20], 'end_char': [31]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [72], 'end_char': [81]}}"
"Because psoralens sensitize skin to ultraviolet A light, phototoxic reactions are the most frequent adverse effect of this treatment.",psoralens,phototoxic reactions,"{'drug': {'start_char': [8], 'end_char': [17]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [57], 'end_char': [77]}}"
"In this article, we present the case of a vitiligo patient who was admitted to our facility with an intense burn after the topical use of 8-methoxypsoralen solution as a suntanning agent.",8-methoxypsoralen,intense burn,"{'drug': {'start_char': [138], 'end_char': [155]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [100], 'end_char': [112]}}"
Sunburn may sometimes be a major injury in psoralen users because high doses or inappropriate use of the drug may render the skin extremely sensitive.,psoralen,skin extremely sensitive,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [125], 'end_char': [149]}}"
Sunburn may sometimes be a major injury in psoralen users because high doses or inappropriate use of the drug may render the skin extremely sensitive.,psoralen,Sunburn,"{'drug': {'start_char': [43], 'end_char': [51]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}}"
CONCLUSIONS: Metoclopramide may cause reversible nonthrombocytopenic vascular-type palpable purpura.,Metoclopramide,nonthrombocytopenic vascular-type palpable purpura,"{'drug': {'start_char': [13], 'end_char': [27]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [49], 'end_char': [99]}}"
OBJECTIVE: To report a case of reversible nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura associated with metoclopramide.,metoclopramide,nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura,"{'drug': {'start_char': [95], 'end_char': [109]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [42], 'end_char': [78]}}"
Reversible nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura associated with metoclopramide.,metoclopramide,nonthrombocytopenic palpable purpura,"{'drug': {'start_char': [64], 'end_char': [78]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [11], 'end_char': [47]}}"
Lithium treatment was terminated in 1975 because of lithium intoxication with a diabetes insipidus-like syndrome.,Lithium,diabetes insipidus-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [112]}}"
Lithium treatment was terminated in 1975 because of lithium intoxication with a diabetes insipidus-like syndrome.,lithium,diabetes insipidus-like syndrome,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [80], 'end_char': [112]}}"
Lithium treatment was terminated in 1975 because of lithium intoxication with a diabetes insipidus-like syndrome.,Lithium,lithium intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [7]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [72]}}"
Lithium treatment was terminated in 1975 because of lithium intoxication with a diabetes insipidus-like syndrome.,lithium,lithium intoxication,"{'drug': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [59]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [72]}}"
"Eosinophilia caused by clozapine was observed in challenge, preceded by a faster neutrophil production and consecutive decrease (z = 2.27, p = 0.01).",clozapine,Eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [23], 'end_char': [32]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
"Eosinophilia has been encountered from 0.2 to 61.7% in clozapine-treated patients, mostly with a transient course and spontaneous remission.",clozapine,Eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [55], 'end_char': [64]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [0], 'end_char': [12]}}"
Successful challenge with clozapine in a history of eosinophilia.,clozapine,eosinophilia,"{'drug': {'start_char': [26], 'end_char': [35]}, 'effect': {'start_char': [52], 'end_char': [64]}}"