Instructions to use zacbrld/MNLP_M2_document_encoder with libraries, inference providers, notebooks, and local apps. Follow these links to get started.

Libraries

How to use zacbrld/MNLP_M2_document_encoder with sentence-transformers:

from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer

model = SentenceTransformer("zacbrld/MNLP_M2_document_encoder")

sentences = [
"Military activity affects the physical geology. This was first noted through the intensive shelling on the Western Front during World War I, which caused the shattering of the bedrock and changed the rocks' permeability. New minerals, rocks, and land-forms are also a byproduct of nuclear testing.",
"Silicon can form sigma bonds to other silicon atoms (and disilane is the parent of this class of compounds). However, it is difficult to prepare and isolate SinH2n+2 (analogous to the saturated alkane hydrocarbons) with n greater than about 8, as their thermal stability decreases with increases in the number of silicon atoms. Silanes higher in molecular weight than disilane decompose to polymeric polysilicon hydride and hydrogen. But with a suitable pair of organic substituents in place of hydrogen on each silicon it is possible to prepare polysilanes (sometimes, erroneously called polysilenes) that are analogues of alkanes. These long chain compounds have surprising electronic properties - high electrical conductivity, for example - arising from sigma delocalization of the electrons in the chain.\nEven silicon–silicon pi bonds are possible. However, these bonds are less stable than the carbon analogues. Disilane and longer silanes are quite reactive compared to alkanes. Disilene and disilynes are quite rare, unlike alkenes and alkynes. Examples of disilynes, long thought to be too unstable to be isolated were reported in 2004.",
"The increasing sophistication of brain-reading technologies has led many to investigate their potential applications for lie detection. Legally required brain scans arguably violate “the guarantee against self-incrimination” because they differ from acceptable forms of bodily evidence, such as fingerprints or blood samples, in an important way: they are not simply physical, hard evidence, but evidence that is intimately linked to the defendant's mind. Under US law, brain-scanning technologies might also raise implications for the Fourth Amendment, calling into question whether they constitute an unreasonable search and seizure.",
"Military activity affects the physical geology. This was first noted through the intensive shelling on the Western Front during World War I, which caused the shattering of the bedrock and changed the rocks' permeability. New minerals, rocks, and land-forms are also a byproduct of nuclear testing."
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)

similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [4, 4]

Notebooks
Google Colab
Kaggle

zacbrld commited on May 27, 2025

Commit

c668dd9

verified ·

1 Parent(s): 4fb1a8f

Add new SentenceTransformer model

Browse files

Files changed (6) hide show

1_Pooling/config.json +10 -0
README.md +135 -161
config_sentence_transformers.json +10 -0
modules.json +20 -0
sentence_bert_config.json +4 -0
tokenizer_config.json +1 -1

1_Pooling/config.json ADDED Viewed

	@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@

+{
+  "word_embedding_dimension": 384,
+  "pooling_mode_cls_token": false,
+  "pooling_mode_mean_tokens": true,
+  "pooling_mode_max_tokens": false,
+  "pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens": false,
+  "pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens": false,
+  "pooling_mode_lasttoken": false,
+  "include_prompt": true
+}

README.md CHANGED Viewed

@@ -1,199 +1,173 @@
 ---
-library_name: transformers
-tags: []
 ---
-# Model Card for Model ID
-<!-- Provide a quick summary of what the model is/does. -->
-## Model Details
-### Model Description
-<!-- Provide a longer summary of what this model is. -->
-This is the model card of a 🤗 transformers model that has been pushed on the Hub. This model card has been automatically generated.
-- **Developed by:** [More Information Needed]
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-### Model Sources [optional]
-<!-- Provide the basic links for the model. -->
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-## Uses
-<!-- Address questions around how the model is intended to be used, including the foreseeable users of the model and those affected by the model. -->
-### Direct Use
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-### Recommendations
-<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
-Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
-## How to Get Started with the Model
-Use the code below to get started with the model.
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-## Training Details
-### Training Data
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-### Training Procedure
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-#### Preprocessing [optional]
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-#### Training Hyperparameters
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-## Evaluation
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-#### Factors
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-#### Metrics
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-### Results
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-#### Summary
-## Model Examination [optional]
-<!-- Relevant interpretability work for the model goes here -->
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-## Environmental Impact
-<!-- Total emissions (in grams of CO2eq) and additional considerations, such as electricity usage, go here. Edit the suggested text below accordingly -->
-Carbon emissions can be estimated using the [Machine Learning Impact calculator](https://mlco2.github.io/impact#compute) presented in [Lacoste et al. (2019)](https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09700).
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-## Technical Specifications [optional]
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 ---
+language: en
+license: apache-2.0
+library_name: sentence-transformers
+tags:
+- sentence-transformers
+- feature-extraction
+- sentence-similarity
+- transformers
+datasets:
+- s2orc
+- flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml
+- ms_marco
+- gooaq
+- yahoo_answers_topics
+- code_search_net
+- search_qa
+- eli5
+- snli
+- multi_nli
+- wikihow
+- natural_questions
+- trivia_qa
+- embedding-data/sentence-compression
+- embedding-data/flickr30k-captions
+- embedding-data/altlex
+- embedding-data/simple-wiki
+- embedding-data/QQP
+- embedding-data/SPECTER
+- embedding-data/PAQ_pairs
+- embedding-data/WikiAnswers
+pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
 ---
+# all-MiniLM-L6-v2
+This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model: It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 384 dimensional dense vector space and can be used for tasks like clustering or semantic search.
+## Usage (Sentence-Transformers)
+Using this model becomes easy when you have [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) installed:
+```
+pip install -U sentence-transformers
+```
+Then you can use the model like this:
+```python
+from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
+sentences = ["This is an example sentence", "Each sentence is converted"]
+model = SentenceTransformer('sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2')
+embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
+print(embeddings)
+```
+## Usage (HuggingFace Transformers)
+Without [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net), you can use the model like this: First, you pass your input through the transformer model, then you have to apply the right pooling-operation on-top of the contextualized word embeddings.
+```python
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModel
+import torch
+import torch.nn.functional as F
+#Mean Pooling - Take attention mask into account for correct averaging
+def mean_pooling(model_output, attention_mask):
+    token_embeddings = model_output[0] #First element of model_output contains all token embeddings
+    input_mask_expanded = attention_mask.unsqueeze(-1).expand(token_embeddings.size()).float()
+    return torch.sum(token_embeddings * input_mask_expanded, 1) / torch.clamp(input_mask_expanded.sum(1), min=1e-9)
+# Sentences we want sentence embeddings for
+sentences = ['This is an example sentence', 'Each sentence is converted']
+# Load model from HuggingFace Hub
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2')
+model = AutoModel.from_pretrained('sentence-transformers/all-MiniLM-L6-v2')
+# Tokenize sentences
+encoded_input = tokenizer(sentences, padding=True, truncation=True, return_tensors='pt')
+# Compute token embeddings
+with torch.no_grad():
+    model_output = model(**encoded_input)
+# Perform pooling
+sentence_embeddings = mean_pooling(model_output, encoded_input['attention_mask'])
+# Normalize embeddings
+sentence_embeddings = F.normalize(sentence_embeddings, p=2, dim=1)
+print("Sentence embeddings:")
+print(sentence_embeddings)
+```
+------
+## Background
+The project aims to train sentence embedding models on very large sentence level datasets using a self-supervised
+contrastive learning objective. We used the pretrained [`nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased`](https://huggingface.co/nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased) model and fine-tuned in on a
+1B sentence pairs dataset. We use a contrastive learning objective: given a sentence from the pair, the model should predict which out of a set of randomly sampled other sentences, was actually paired with it in our dataset.
+We developed this model during the
+[Community week using JAX/Flax for NLP & CV](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/open-to-the-community-community-week-using-jax-flax-for-nlp-cv/7104),
+organized by Hugging Face. We developed this model as part of the project:
+[Train the Best Sentence Embedding Model Ever with 1B Training Pairs](https://discuss.huggingface.co/t/train-the-best-sentence-embedding-model-ever-with-1b-training-pairs/7354). We benefited from efficient hardware infrastructure to run the project: 7 TPUs v3-8, as well as intervention from Googles Flax, JAX, and Cloud team member about efficient deep learning frameworks.
+## Intended uses
+Our model is intended to be used as a sentence and short paragraph encoder. Given an input text, it outputs a vector which captures
+the semantic information. The sentence vector may be used for information retrieval, clustering or sentence similarity tasks.
+By default, input text longer than 256 word pieces is truncated.
+## Training procedure
+### Pre-training
+We use the pretrained [`nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased`](https://huggingface.co/nreimers/MiniLM-L6-H384-uncased) model. Please refer to the model card for more detailed information about the pre-training procedure.
+### Fine-tuning
+We fine-tune the model using a contrastive objective. Formally, we compute the cosine similarity from each possible sentence pairs from the batch.
+We then apply the cross entropy loss by comparing with true pairs.
+#### Hyper parameters
+We trained our model on a TPU v3-8. We train the model during 100k steps using a batch size of 1024 (128 per TPU core).
+We use a learning rate warm up of 500. The sequence length was limited to 128 tokens. We used the AdamW optimizer with
+a 2e-5 learning rate. The full training script is accessible in this current repository: `train_script.py`.
+#### Training data
+We use the concatenation from multiple datasets to fine-tune our model. The total number of sentence pairs is above 1 billion sentences.
+We sampled each dataset given a weighted probability which configuration is detailed in the `data_config.json` file.
+| Dataset                                                  | Paper                                    | Number of training tuples  |
+|--------------------------------------------------------|:----------------------------------------:|:--------------------------:|
+| [Reddit comments (2015-2018)](https://github.com/PolyAI-LDN/conversational-datasets/tree/master/reddit) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.06472) | 726,484,430 |
+| [S2ORC](https://github.com/allenai/s2orc) Citation pairs (Abstracts) | [paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.447/) | 116,288,806 |
+| [WikiAnswers](https://github.com/afader/oqa#wikianswers-corpus) Duplicate question pairs | [paper](https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623677) | 77,427,422 |
+| [PAQ](https://github.com/facebookresearch/PAQ) (Question, Answer) pairs | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.07033) | 64,371,441 |
+| [S2ORC](https://github.com/allenai/s2orc) Citation pairs (Titles) | [paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.447/) | 52,603,982 |
+| [S2ORC](https://github.com/allenai/s2orc) (Title, Abstract) | [paper](https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.447/) | 41,769,185 |
+| [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) (Title, Body) pairs  | - | 25,316,456 |
+| [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) (Title+Body, Answer) pairs  | - | 21,396,559 |
+| [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) (Title, Answer) pairs  | - | 21,396,559 |
+| [MS MARCO](https://microsoft.github.io/msmarco/) triplets | [paper](https://doi.org/10.1145/3404835.3462804) | 9,144,553 |
+| [GOOAQ: Open Question Answering with Diverse Answer Types](https://github.com/allenai/gooaq) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.08727.pdf) | 3,012,496 |
+| [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Title, Answer) | [paper](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2015/hash/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Abstract.html) | 1,198,260 |
+| [Code Search](https://huggingface.co/datasets/code_search_net) | - | 1,151,414 |
+| [COCO](https://cocodataset.org/#home) Image captions | [paper](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-10602-1_48) | 828,395|
+| [SPECTER](https://github.com/allenai/specter) citation triplets | [paper](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2020.acl-main.207) | 684,100 |
+| [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Question, Answer) | [paper](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2015/hash/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Abstract.html) | 681,164 |
+| [Yahoo Answers](https://www.kaggle.com/soumikrakshit/yahoo-answers-dataset) (Title, Question) | [paper](https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2015/hash/250cf8b51c773f3f8dc8b4be867a9a02-Abstract.html) | 659,896 |
+| [SearchQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/search_qa) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.05179) | 582,261 |
+| [Eli5](https://huggingface.co/datasets/eli5) | [paper](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/p19-1346) | 325,475 |
+| [Flickr 30k](https://shannon.cs.illinois.edu/DenotationGraph/) | [paper](https://transacl.org/ojs/index.php/tacl/article/view/229/33) | 317,695 |
+| [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) Duplicate questions (titles) | | 304,525 |
+| AllNLI ([SNLI](https://nlp.stanford.edu/projects/snli/) and [MultiNLI](https://cims.nyu.edu/~sbowman/multinli/) | [paper SNLI](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/d15-1075), [paper MultiNLI](https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/n18-1101) | 277,230 |
+| [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) Duplicate questions (bodies) | | 250,519 |
+| [Stack Exchange](https://huggingface.co/datasets/flax-sentence-embeddings/stackexchange_xml) Duplicate questions (titles+bodies) | | 250,460 |
+| [Sentence Compression](https://github.com/google-research-datasets/sentence-compression) | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/D13-1155/) | 180,000 |
+| [Wikihow](https://github.com/pvl/wikihow_pairs_dataset) | [paper](https://arxiv.org/abs/1810.09305) | 128,542 |
+| [Altlex](https://github.com/chridey/altlex/) | [paper](https://aclanthology.org/P16-1135.pdf) | 112,696 |
+| [Quora Question Triplets](https://quoradata.quora.com/First-Quora-Dataset-Release-Question-Pairs) | - | 103,663 |
+| [Simple Wikipedia](https://cs.pomona.edu/~dkauchak/simplification/) | [paper](https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/P11-2117/) | 102,225 |
+| [Natural Questions (NQ)](https://ai.google.com/research/NaturalQuestions) | [paper](https://transacl.org/ojs/index.php/tacl/article/view/1455) | 100,231 |
+| [SQuAD2.0](https://rajpurkar.github.io/SQuAD-explorer/) | [paper](https://aclanthology.org/P18-2124.pdf) | 87,599 |
+| [TriviaQA](https://huggingface.co/datasets/trivia_qa) | - | 73,346 |
+| **Total** | | **1,170,060,424** |

config_sentence_transformers.json ADDED Viewed

	@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@

+{
+  "__version__": {
+    "sentence_transformers": "4.1.0",
+    "transformers": "4.51.3",
+    "pytorch": "2.6.0"
+  },
+  "prompts": {},
+  "default_prompt_name": null,
+  "similarity_fn_name": "cosine"
+}

modules.json ADDED Viewed

	@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@

+[
+  {
+    "idx": 0,
+    "name": "0",
+    "path": "",
+    "type": "sentence_transformers.models.Transformer"
+  },
+  {
+    "idx": 1,
+    "name": "1",
+    "path": "1_Pooling",
+    "type": "sentence_transformers.models.Pooling"
+  },
+  {
+    "idx": 2,
+    "name": "2",
+    "path": "2_Normalize",
+    "type": "sentence_transformers.models.Normalize"
+  }
+]

sentence_bert_config.json ADDED Viewed

	@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@

+{
+  "max_seq_length": 256,
+  "do_lower_case": false
+}

tokenizer_config.json CHANGED Viewed

@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
   "extra_special_tokens": {},
   "mask_token": "[MASK]",
   "max_length": 128,
-  "model_max_length": 512,
   "never_split": null,
   "pad_to_multiple_of": null,
   "pad_token": "[PAD]",

   "extra_special_tokens": {},
   "mask_token": "[MASK]",
   "max_length": 128,
+  "model_max_length": 256,
   "never_split": null,
   "pad_to_multiple_of": null,
   "pad_token": "[PAD]",