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README.md
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---
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license:
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---
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---
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license: mit
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tags:
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- language-model
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- multi-token-prediction
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- push-forward-language-model
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- text-generation
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- distillation
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datasets:
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- lm1b
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- openwebtext
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arxiv: "2606.10820"
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---
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# K-Forcing: Joint Next-K-Token Decoding via Push-Forward Language Modeling
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10820"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/arXiv-2606.10820-b31b1b.svg" alt="arXiv"></a>
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<a href="https://github.com/Tangzw2020/K-Forcing"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/GitHub-Code-blue?logo=github" alt="GitHub"></a>
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</p>
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## Overview
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K-Forcing distills an autoregressive (AR) language model into a **push-forward language model (PFLM)** that generates **k tokens in one forward pass**. It maps k independent uniform noise variables to k future tokens jointly via an inverse-CDF construction, enabling fixed-length multi-token decoding that is fully compatible with standard KV-cache batch serving.
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**Key results**: ~2.4–3.5× batch-serving throughput speedup at modest quality degradation on LM1B and OpenWebText with ~100M-param Transformers.
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## Checkpoints
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This repository contains four checkpoints:
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| File | Model | Dataset | Parameters | Description |
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|------|-------|---------|------------|-------------|
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| `ar_openwebtxt.ckpt` | AR | OpenWebText | ~100M | Autoregressive teacher model (GPT-2 tokenizer, seq_len=1024) |
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| `ar_best_lm1b.ckpt` | AR | LM1B | ~100M | Autoregressive teacher model (custom tokenizer, seq_len=128) |
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| `pflm_owt_k4.ckpt` | PFLM (k=4) | OpenWebText | ~100M | Push-forward LM, decodes 4 tokens per forward pass |
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| `pflm_lm1b_k4.ckpt` | PFLM (k=4) | LM1B | ~100M | Push-forward LM, decodes 4 tokens per forward pass |
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All models share a 12-layer causal Transformer backbone (768 hidden dim, 12 heads), following the architecture from [MDLM](https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.07524) (Sahoo et al., 2024).
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## Download
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
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# Download a specific checkpoint
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ckpt_path = hf_hub_download(
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repo_id="zwave/K-Forcing",
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filename="pflm_owt_k4.ckpt", # or: ar_openwebtxt.ckpt, ar_best_lm1b.ckpt, pflm_lm1b_k4.ckpt
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)
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```
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Or download all checkpoints at once:
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```python
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from huggingface_hub import snapshot_download
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snapshot_download(repo_id="zwave/K-Forcing", local_dir="./checkpoints")
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```
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Or via CLI:
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```bash
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huggingface-cli download zwave/K-Forcing --local-dir ./checkpoints
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```
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## Usage
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Clone the [K-Forcing repository](https://github.com/Tangzw2020/K-Forcing) and follow setup instructions there:
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```bash
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git clone https://github.com/Tangzw2020/K-Forcing.git
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cd K-Forcing
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# Setup environment
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mkdir -p wheels
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wget -P wheels https://github.com/Dao-AILab/flash-attention/releases/download/v2.5.6/flash_attn-2.5.6+cu122torch2.2cxx11abiFALSE-cp39-cp39-linux_x86_64.whl
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uv sync
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```
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### AR Inference
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```bash
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python batch_inference_with_prefix.py \
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--model ar --task owt \
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--ckpt_path ./checkpoints/ar_openwebtxt.ckpt \
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--prefix_file assets/prefix_owt_examples.jsonl \
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--batch_size 4 --n_per_prefix 1
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```
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### PFLM Inference (K=2 tokens per forward pass)
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```bash
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python batch_inference_with_prefix.py \
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--model pflm --task owt \
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--ckpt_path ./checkpoints/pflm_owt_k4.ckpt \
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--prefix_file assets/prefix_owt_examples.jsonl \
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--batch_size 4 --n_per_prefix 1 --K 2 --freq_penalty 0.3
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```
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The PFLM checkpoint trained with k=4 supports inference with any K ≤ 4.
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## Architecture
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- **Backbone**: 12-layer causal Transformer (~100M params), 768 hidden dim, 12 heads
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- **Noise encoder**: sinusoidal + MLP, encodes each Uniform(0,1) noise variable into a token embedding
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- **Fully causal design**: noise tokens attend causally — each zⱼ sees context + z₁..zⱼ
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- **Shared prediction head**: same linear head as AR, applied at each noise-token position
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- **Training**: progressive self-forcing distillation (AR → k=1 → k=2 → k=4)
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## Citation
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```bibtex
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@misc{tang2026kforcingjointnextktokendecoding,
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title={K-Forcing: Joint Next-K-Token Decoding via Push-Forward Language Modeling},
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author={Zhiwei Tang and Yuanyu He and Yizheng Han and Wangbo Zhao and Jiasheng Tang and Fan Wang and Bohan Zhuang},
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year={2026},
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eprint={2606.10820},
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archivePrefix={arXiv},
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primaryClass={cs.LG},
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url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2606.10820},
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}
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```
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## License
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This project is licensed under the MIT License.
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