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# Doc / guide: https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/model-cards
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# Model Card for Model
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This modelcard aims to be a base template for new models. It has been generated using [this raw template](https://github.com/huggingface/huggingface_hub/blob/main/src/huggingface_hub/templates/modelcard_template.md?plain=1).
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### Model Description
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- **Model type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Language(s) (NLP):** [More Information Needed]
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- **License:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Finetuned from model [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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### Model Sources [optional]
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- **Paper [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Demo [optional]:** [More Information Needed]
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<!-- This section is for the model use without fine-tuning or plugging into a larger ecosystem/app. -->
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<!-- This section addresses misuse, malicious use, and uses that the model will not work well for. -->
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[More Information Needed]
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###
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<!-- This section is meant to convey recommendations with respect to the bias, risk, and technical limitations. -->
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Users (both direct and downstream) should be made aware of the risks, biases and limitations of the model. More information needed for further recommendations.
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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#### Testing Data
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<!-- These are the evaluation metrics being used, ideally with a description of why. -->
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##
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- **Hardware Type:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Hours used:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Cloud Provider:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Compute Region:** [More Information Needed]
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- **Carbon Emitted:** [More Information Needed]
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##
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[More Information Needed]
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[
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#### Hardware
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## More Information [optional]
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[More Information Needed]
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## Model Card Contact
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license: cc-by-nc-sa-4.0
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# Model Card for Hallucination Detection Model (HDM-2-3B)
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**Paper:**
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[](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07069)
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*HalluciNot: Hallucination Detection Through Context and Common Knowledge Verification.*
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**Notebook:** [](https\://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HclyB06twZVIxuK6AlyifRaf77vO5Yz#scrollTo=UVvBvBMWrDiv)
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**HDM-Bench Dataset:** 🤗 [HuggingFace Dataset](https\://huggingface.co/datasets/AimonLabs/HDM-Bench)
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## Introduction
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Most judge models used in the industry today are not specialized for Hallucination evaluation tasks.
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Developers using them often struggle with score inconsistency, variance, high latencies, high costs, and prompt sensitivity.
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HDM-2 solves these challenges and at the same time, provides industry-first, state-of-the-art features.
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## Highlights:
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- Outperforms existing baselines on RagTruth, TruthfulQA, and our new HDM-Bench benchmark.
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- **Context-based** hallucination evaluations based on user-provided or retrieved documents.
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- **Common knowledge** contradictions based on widely-accepted common knowledge facts.
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- **Phrase, token, and sentence-level** Hallucination identification with token-level probability **scores**
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- Generalized model that works well across a variety of domains such as Finance, Healthcare, Legal, and Insurance.
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- Operates within a **latency** budget of **500ms** on a single L4 GPU, especially beneficial for Agentic use cases.
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## Model Overview:
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HDM-2 is a modular, production-ready, multi-task hallucination (or inaccuracy) evaluation model designed to validate the factual groundedness of LLM outputs in enterprise environments, for both **contextual** and **common knowledge** evaluations.
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HDM-2 introduces a novel taxonomy-guided, span-level validation architecture focused on precision, explainability, and adaptability.
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The figure below shows the workflow (on the left) in which we determine whether a certain LLM response is hallucinated or not and an example (on the right) that shows the taxonomy of an LLM response.
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HDM-2 Model Workflow | Example of Enterprise LLM Response Taxonomy
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--- | ---
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### Enterprise Models
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- The Enterprise version offers a way to incorporate “Enterprise knowledge” into Hallucination evaluations. This means knowledge that is specific to your company (or domain or industry) that might not be present in your context!!
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- Another important feature covered in the Enterprise version are explanations. Please reach out to us for Enterprise licensing.
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- Other premium capabilities that will be included in the Enterprise version include improved accuracies, even lower latencies, and additional use cases such as Math and Code.
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- Apart from Hallucinations, we have SOTA models for Prompt/Instruction adherence, RAG Relevance, Reranking (Promptable). The instruction adherence model is general-purpose and extremely low-latency. It performs well with a wide variety of instructions, including safety, style, and format constraints.
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### Performance - Model Accuracy
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See paper (linked on top) for more details.
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| :---------: | :-----------: | :--------: | :----------: |
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| **Dataset** | **Precision** | **Recall** | **F1 Score** |
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| HDMBENCH | 0.87 | 0.84 | 0.855 |
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| TruthfulQA | 0.82 | 0.78 | 0.80 |
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| RagTruth | 0.85 | 0.81 | 0.83 |
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### Latency
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| ----------------------- | -------------------- | ---------------------- | ----------------------- | ------------------- |
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| **Device** | **Avg. Latency (s)** | **Median Latency (s)** | **95th Percentile (s)** | **Max Latency (s)** |
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| Nvidia A100 | 0.204 | 0.201 | 0.208 | 1.32 |
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| Nvidia L4 (recommended) | 0.207 | 0.203 | 0.220 | 1.29 |
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| Nvidia T4 | 0.935 | 0.947 | 1.487 | 1.605 |
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| CPU | 261.92 | 242.76 | 350.76 | 356.96 |
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## How to Get Started with the Model
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Use the code below to get started with the model.
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Install the Inference Code
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!pip install hdm2 --quiet
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Run the HDM-2 model
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# Load the model from HuggingFace into the GPU
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<!---->
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from hdm2 import HallucinationDetectionModel
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<!---->
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hdm_model = HallucinationDetectionModel()
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<!---->
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prompt = "Explain how the heart functions"
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context = """
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The heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body.
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It has four chambers: two atria and two ventricles.
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"""
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response = """The heart is a vital six-chambered organ that pumps blood throughout the human body.
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It contains three atria and three ventricles that work in harmony to circulate blood.
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The heart primarily runs on glucose for energy and typically beats at a rate of 20-30 beats per minute in adults.
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Located in the center-left of the chest, the heart is protected by the ribcage.
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The average human heart weighs about 5 pounds and will beat approximately 2 million times in a lifetime.
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"""
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# Ground truth:
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# Hearts have 4 chambers (not 6), have 2 atria and 2 ventricles (not 3 each),
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# normal heart rate is 60-100 BPM (not 20-30),
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# average heart weighs ~10 oz (not 5 pounds),
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# and beats ~2.5 billion times (not 2 million) in a lifetime
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<!---->
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# Detect hallucinations with default parameters
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results = hdm_model.apply(prompt, context, response)
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Print the results
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# Utility function to help with printing the model output
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def print_results(results):
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#print(results)
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# Print results
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print(f"\nHallucination severity: {results['adjusted_hallucination_severity']:.4f}")
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<!---->
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# Print hallucinated sentences
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if results['candidate_sentences']:
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print("\nPotentially hallucinated sentences:")
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is_ck_hallucinated = False
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for sentence_result in results['ck_results']:
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if sentence_result['prediction'] == 1: # 1 indicates hallucination
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print(f"- {sentence_result['text']} (Probability: {sentence_result['hallucination_probability']:.4f})")
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is_ck_hallucinated = True
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if not is_ck_hallucinated:
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print("No hallucinated sentences detected.")
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else:
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print("\nNo hallucinated sentences detected.")
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<!---->
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print_results(results)
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### Model Description
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- Model ID: HDM-2-3B
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- Developed by: AIMon Labs, Inc.
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- Model type:
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- Language(s) (NLP): English
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- License: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
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- License URL: <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/>
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### Model Sources
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- Code repository: [GitHub](https://github.com/aimonlabs/hallucination-detection-model)
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- Model weights: [HuggingFace](https://huggingface.co/AimonLabs/hallucination-detection-model/)
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- Paper: [arXiv](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07069)
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- Demo: [Google Colab](https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1HclyB06twZVIxuK6AlyifRaf77vO5Yz#scrollTo=UVvBvBMWrDiv)
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## Uses
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### Direct Use
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1. Automating Hallucination or Inaccuracy Evaluations
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2. Assisting humans evaluating LLM responses for Hallucinations
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3. Phrase, word or sentence-level identification of where Hallucinations lie
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4. Selecting the best LLM with the least hallucinations for specific use cases
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5. Automatic re-prompting for better LLM responses
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## Limitations
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- Annotations of "common knowledge" may still contain subjective judgments
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## Technical Specifications
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See paper for [more details](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07069)
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## Citation:
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@misc {hdm-2-3b,
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author = {Paudel, A. and Lyzhov, A. and AIMon Labs},
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title = {HDM-2-3B: Hallucination Detection Model for Enterprise LLMs}, [Bibek Paudel](mailto:bibek@aimon.ai)
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year = 2025,
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url = {<https://huggingface.co/aimonlabs/> ??????? [Preetam Joshi](mailto:preetam@aimon.ai)},
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publisher = {AIMon Labs, Inc.},
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eprint = {2504.07069},
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archivePrefix= {arXiv},
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primaryClass = {cs.CL},
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url = {https\://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07069}
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}
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## Model Card Authors
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@bibekp, @alexlyzhov-aimon, @pjoshi30, @aimonp
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## Model Card Contact
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<info@aimon.ai>, @aimonp, @pjoshi30
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