| # GGML Operations | |
| List of GGML operations and backend support status. | |
| ## How to add a backend to this table: | |
| 1. Run `test-backend-ops support --output csv` with your backend name and redirect output to a csv file in `docs/ops/` (e.g., `docs/ops/CUDA.csv`) | |
| 2. Regenerate `/docs/ops.md` via `./scripts/create_ops_docs.py` | |
| Legend: | |
| - ✅ Fully supported by this backend | |
| - 🟡 Partially supported by this backend | |
| - ❌ Not supported by this backend | |
| | Operation | BLAS | CANN | CPU | CUDA | Metal | OpenCL | SYCL | Vulkan | zDNN | | |
| |-----------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------| | |
| | ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | ACC | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | ADD_ID | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | ARANGE | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | ARGMAX | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | ARGSORT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | CONCAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | CONT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | CONV_2D_DW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | CONV_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | COS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | COUNT_EQUAL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | CPY | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | DIAG_MASK_INF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | DIV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | DUP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | FLASH_ATTN_EXT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GATED_LINEAR_ATTN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | GEGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GEGLU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GEGLU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GELU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GELU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GET_ROWS | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | GET_ROWS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | GROUP_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | GROUP_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | IM2COL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | IM2COL_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | L2_NORM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | LEAKY_RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | LOG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | MEAN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | MUL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | MUL_MAT | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | | |
| | MUL_MAT_ID | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | NEG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | OPT_STEP_ADAMW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | OPT_STEP_SGD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | OUT_PROD | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | PAD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | PAD_REFLECT_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | POOL_2D | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | REGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | REPEAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | REPEAT_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | RMS_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | RMS_NORM_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | RMS_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | ROLL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | ROPE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | ROPE_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | RWKV_WKV6 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | RWKV_WKV7 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | SET_ROWS | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | SGN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | SIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | SILU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | SILU_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SIN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | SOFTCAP | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | SOFT_MAX | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SOFT_MAX_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | SSM_CONV | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | SUB | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SUM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SUM_ROWS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | SWIGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | SWIGLU_OAI | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | TANH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | | |
| | TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | TOPK_MOE | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | | |
| | UPSCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | | |
| | XIELU | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | | |