| --- |
| tags: |
| - sentence-transformers |
| - cross-encoder |
| - reranker |
| - generated_from_trainer |
| - dataset_size:42906 |
| - loss:BinaryCrossEntropyLoss |
| base_model: cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L6-v2 |
| pipeline_tag: text-ranking |
| library_name: sentence-transformers |
| --- |
| |
| # CrossEncoder based on cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L6-v2 |
|
|
| This is a [Cross Encoder](https://www.sbert.net/docs/cross_encoder/usage/usage.html) model finetuned from [cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L6-v2) using the [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) library. It computes scores for pairs of texts, which can be used for text reranking and semantic search. |
|
|
| ## Model Details |
|
|
| ### Model Description |
| - **Model Type:** Cross Encoder |
| - **Base model:** [cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L6-v2](https://huggingface.co/cross-encoder/ms-marco-MiniLM-L6-v2) <!-- at revision c5ee24cb16019beea0893ab7796b1df96625c6b8 --> |
| - **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens |
| - **Number of Output Labels:** 1 label |
| <!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown --> |
| <!-- - **Language:** Unknown --> |
| <!-- - **License:** Unknown --> |
|
|
| ### Model Sources |
|
|
| - **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net) |
| - **Documentation:** [Cross Encoder Documentation](https://www.sbert.net/docs/cross_encoder/usage/usage.html) |
| - **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/huggingface/sentence-transformers) |
| - **Hugging Face:** [Cross Encoders on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers&other=cross-encoder) |
|
|
| ## Usage |
|
|
| ### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
|
|
| First install the Sentence Transformers library: |
|
|
| ```bash |
| pip install -U sentence-transformers |
| ``` |
|
|
| Then you can load this model and run inference. |
| ```python |
| from sentence_transformers import CrossEncoder |
| |
| # Download from the 🤗 Hub |
| model = CrossEncoder("cross_encoder_model_id") |
| # Get scores for pairs of texts |
| pairs = [ |
| ['TA2541 has used process hollowing to execute CyberGate malware.', 'Woody RAT can create a suspended notepad process and write shellcode to delete a file into the suspended process using `NtWriteVirtualMemory`.'], |
| ['Attackers concealed command and control communications by hiding encoded data in the metadata of PNG files.', 'TA551 has hidden encoded data for malware DLLs in a PNG.'], |
| ['The cybercriminal created a deceptive Facebook account impersonating a tech support representative to establish initial contact with potential victims.', 'The adversary used klist.exe to view Kerberos ticket expiration times and session keys.'], |
| ['APT32 used GetPassword_x64 to harvest credentials.', 'Spyware updated TCC.db to grant full disk access to the malicious application.'], |
| ['APT1 uses two utilities, GETMAIL and MAPIGET, to steal email. GETMAIL extracts emails from archived Outlook .pst files.', 'During Frankenstein, the threat actors used MSbuild to execute an actor-created file.'], |
| ] |
| scores = model.predict(pairs) |
| print(scores.shape) |
| # (5,) |
| |
| # Or rank different texts based on similarity to a single text |
| ranks = model.rank( |
| 'TA2541 has used process hollowing to execute CyberGate malware.', |
| [ |
| 'Woody RAT can create a suspended notepad process and write shellcode to delete a file into the suspended process using `NtWriteVirtualMemory`.', |
| 'TA551 has hidden encoded data for malware DLLs in a PNG.', |
| 'The adversary used klist.exe to view Kerberos ticket expiration times and session keys.', |
| 'Spyware updated TCC.db to grant full disk access to the malicious application.', |
| 'During Frankenstein, the threat actors used MSbuild to execute an actor-created file.', |
| ] |
| ) |
| # [{'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, {'corpus_id': ..., 'score': ...}, ...] |
| ``` |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ### Direct Usage (Transformers) |
|
|
| <details><summary>Click to see the direct usage in Transformers</summary> |
|
|
| </details> |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ### Downstream Usage (Sentence Transformers) |
|
|
| You can finetune this model on your own dataset. |
|
|
| <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
|
|
| </details> |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ### Out-of-Scope Use |
|
|
| *List how the model may foreseeably be misused and address what users ought not to do with the model.* |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ## Bias, Risks and Limitations |
|
|
| *What are the known or foreseeable issues stemming from this model? You could also flag here known failure cases or weaknesses of the model.* |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ### Recommendations |
|
|
| *What are recommendations with respect to the foreseeable issues? For example, filtering explicit content.* |
| --> |
|
|
| ## Training Details |
|
|
| ### Training Dataset |
|
|
| #### Unnamed Dataset |
|
|
| * Size: 42,906 training samples |
| * Columns: <code>sentence_0</code>, <code>sentence_1</code>, and <code>label</code> |
| * Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples: |
| | | sentence_0 | sentence_1 | label | |
| |:--------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:---------------------------------------------------------------| |
| | type | string | string | float | |
| | details | <ul><li>min: 32 characters</li><li>mean: 100.17 characters</li><li>max: 372 characters</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 32 characters</li><li>mean: 100.99 characters</li><li>max: 403 characters</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 0.0</li><li>mean: 0.48</li><li>max: 1.0</li></ul> | |
| * Samples: |
| | sentence_0 | sentence_1 | label | |
| |:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------| |
| | <code>TA2541 has used process hollowing to execute CyberGate malware.</code> | <code>Woody RAT can create a suspended notepad process and write shellcode to delete a file into the suspended process using `NtWriteVirtualMemory`.</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
| | <code>Attackers concealed command and control communications by hiding encoded data in the metadata of PNG files.</code> | <code>TA551 has hidden encoded data for malware DLLs in a PNG.</code> | <code>1.0</code> | |
| | <code>The cybercriminal created a deceptive Facebook account impersonating a tech support representative to establish initial contact with potential victims.</code> | <code>The adversary used klist.exe to view Kerberos ticket expiration times and session keys.</code> | <code>0.0</code> | |
| * Loss: [<code>BinaryCrossEntropyLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/cross_encoder/losses.html#binarycrossentropyloss) with these parameters: |
| ```json |
| { |
| "activation_fn": "torch.nn.modules.linear.Identity", |
| "pos_weight": null |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| ### Training Hyperparameters |
| #### Non-Default Hyperparameters |
|
|
| - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 |
| - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
|
|
| #### All Hyperparameters |
| <details><summary>Click to expand</summary> |
|
|
| - `overwrite_output_dir`: False |
| - `do_predict`: False |
| - `eval_strategy`: no |
| - `prediction_loss_only`: True |
| - `per_device_train_batch_size`: 16 |
| - `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 16 |
| - `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None |
| - `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None |
| - `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1 |
| - `eval_accumulation_steps`: None |
| - `torch_empty_cache_steps`: None |
| - `learning_rate`: 5e-05 |
| - `weight_decay`: 0.0 |
| - `adam_beta1`: 0.9 |
| - `adam_beta2`: 0.999 |
| - `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08 |
| - `max_grad_norm`: 1 |
| - `num_train_epochs`: 3 |
| - `max_steps`: -1 |
| - `lr_scheduler_type`: linear |
| - `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {} |
| - `warmup_ratio`: 0.0 |
| - `warmup_steps`: 0 |
| - `log_level`: passive |
| - `log_level_replica`: warning |
| - `log_on_each_node`: True |
| - `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True |
| - `save_safetensors`: True |
| - `save_on_each_node`: False |
| - `save_only_model`: False |
| - `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False |
| - `no_cuda`: False |
| - `use_cpu`: False |
| - `use_mps_device`: False |
| - `seed`: 42 |
| - `data_seed`: None |
| - `jit_mode_eval`: False |
| - `bf16`: False |
| - `fp16`: False |
| - `fp16_opt_level`: O1 |
| - `half_precision_backend`: auto |
| - `bf16_full_eval`: False |
| - `fp16_full_eval`: False |
| - `tf32`: None |
| - `local_rank`: 0 |
| - `ddp_backend`: None |
| - `tpu_num_cores`: None |
| - `tpu_metrics_debug`: False |
| - `debug`: [] |
| - `dataloader_drop_last`: False |
| - `dataloader_num_workers`: 0 |
| - `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None |
| - `past_index`: -1 |
| - `disable_tqdm`: False |
| - `remove_unused_columns`: True |
| - `label_names`: None |
| - `load_best_model_at_end`: False |
| - `ignore_data_skip`: False |
| - `fsdp`: [] |
| - `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0 |
| - `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False} |
| - `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None |
| - `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None} |
| - `parallelism_config`: None |
| - `deepspeed`: None |
| - `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0 |
| - `optim`: adamw_torch_fused |
| - `optim_args`: None |
| - `adafactor`: False |
| - `group_by_length`: False |
| - `length_column_name`: length |
| - `project`: huggingface |
| - `trackio_space_id`: trackio |
| - `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None |
| - `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None |
| - `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False |
| - `dataloader_pin_memory`: True |
| - `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False |
| - `skip_memory_metrics`: True |
| - `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False |
| - `push_to_hub`: False |
| - `resume_from_checkpoint`: None |
| - `hub_model_id`: None |
| - `hub_strategy`: every_save |
| - `hub_private_repo`: None |
| - `hub_always_push`: False |
| - `hub_revision`: None |
| - `gradient_checkpointing`: False |
| - `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None |
| - `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False |
| - `include_for_metrics`: [] |
| - `eval_do_concat_batches`: True |
| - `fp16_backend`: auto |
| - `push_to_hub_model_id`: None |
| - `push_to_hub_organization`: None |
| - `mp_parameters`: |
| - `auto_find_batch_size`: False |
| - `full_determinism`: False |
| - `torchdynamo`: None |
| - `ray_scope`: last |
| - `ddp_timeout`: 1800 |
| - `torch_compile`: False |
| - `torch_compile_backend`: None |
| - `torch_compile_mode`: None |
| - `include_tokens_per_second`: False |
| - `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: no |
| - `neftune_noise_alpha`: None |
| - `optim_target_modules`: None |
| - `batch_eval_metrics`: False |
| - `eval_on_start`: False |
| - `use_liger_kernel`: False |
| - `liger_kernel_config`: None |
| - `eval_use_gather_object`: False |
| - `average_tokens_across_devices`: True |
| - `prompts`: None |
| - `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler |
| - `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: proportional |
| - `router_mapping`: {} |
| - `learning_rate_mapping`: {} |
|
|
| </details> |
|
|
| ### Training Logs |
| | Epoch | Step | Training Loss | |
| |:------:|:----:|:-------------:| |
| | 0.1864 | 500 | 0.6336 | |
| | 0.3729 | 1000 | 0.3383 | |
| | 0.5593 | 1500 | 0.3197 | |
| | 0.7457 | 2000 | 0.3031 | |
| | 0.9321 | 2500 | 0.2815 | |
| | 1.1186 | 3000 | 0.2555 | |
| | 1.3050 | 3500 | 0.2394 | |
| | 1.4914 | 4000 | 0.2496 | |
| | 1.6779 | 4500 | 0.2312 | |
| | 1.8643 | 5000 | 0.2253 | |
| | 2.0507 | 5500 | 0.2128 | |
| | 2.2371 | 6000 | 0.1872 | |
| | 2.4236 | 6500 | 0.2003 | |
| | 2.6100 | 7000 | 0.1864 | |
| | 2.7964 | 7500 | 0.1992 | |
| | 2.9828 | 8000 | 0.1873 | |
|
|
|
|
| ### Framework Versions |
| - Python: 3.10.19 |
| - Sentence Transformers: 5.2.0 |
| - Transformers: 4.57.3 |
| - PyTorch: 2.9.1 |
| - Accelerate: 1.12.0 |
| - Datasets: 4.4.2 |
| - Tokenizers: 0.22.1 |
|
|
| ## Citation |
|
|
| ### BibTeX |
|
|
| #### Sentence Transformers |
| ```bibtex |
| @inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert, |
| title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks", |
| author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna", |
| booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing", |
| month = "11", |
| year = "2019", |
| publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics", |
| url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084", |
| } |
| ``` |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ## Glossary |
|
|
| *Clearly define terms in order to be accessible across audiences.* |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ## Model Card Authors |
|
|
| *Lists the people who create the model card, providing recognition and accountability for the detailed work that goes into its construction.* |
| --> |
|
|
| <!-- |
| ## Model Card Contact |
|
|
| *Provides a way for people who have updates to the Model Card, suggestions, or questions, to contact the Model Card authors.* |
| --> |
