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| # 使用 🤗 PEFT 加载adapters | |
| [[open-in-colab]] | |
| [参数高效微调(PEFT)方法](https://huggingface.co/blog/peft)在微调过程中冻结预训练模型的参数,并在其顶部添加少量可训练参数(adapters)。adapters被训练以学习特定任务的信息。这种方法已被证明非常节省内存,同时具有较低的计算使用量,同时产生与完全微调模型相当的结果。 | |
| 使用PEFT训练的adapters通常比完整模型小一个数量级,使其方便共享、存储和加载。 | |
| <div class="flex flex-col justify-center"> | |
| <img src="https://huggingface.co/datasets/huggingface/documentation-images/resolve/main/peft/PEFT-hub-screenshot.png"/> | |
| <figcaption class="text-center">与完整尺寸的模型权重(约为700MB)相比,存储在Hub上的OPTForCausalLM模型的adapter权重仅为~6MB。</figcaption> | |
| </div> | |
| 如果您对学习更多关于🤗 PEFT库感兴趣,请查看[文档](https://huggingface.co/docs/peft/index)。 | |
| ## 设置 | |
| 首先安装 🤗 PEFT: | |
| ```bash | |
| pip install peft | |
| ``` | |
| 如果你想尝试全新的特性,你可能会有兴趣从源代码安装这个库: | |
| ```bash | |
| pip install git+https://github.com/huggingface/peft.git | |
| ``` | |
| ## 支持的 PEFT 模型 | |
| Transformers原生支持一些PEFT方法,这意味着你可以加载本地存储或在Hub上的adapter权重,并使用几行代码轻松运行或训练它们。以下是受支持的方法: | |
| - [Low Rank Adapters](https://huggingface.co/docs/peft/conceptual_guides/lora) | |
| - [IA3](https://huggingface.co/docs/peft/conceptual_guides/ia3) | |
| - [AdaLoRA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.10512) | |
| 如果你想使用其他PEFT方法,例如提示学习或提示微调,或者关于通用的 🤗 PEFT库,请参阅[文档](https://huggingface.co/docs/peft/index)。 | |
| ## 加载 PEFT adapter | |
| 要从huggingface的Transformers库中加载并使用PEFTadapter模型,请确保Hub仓库或本地目录包含一个`adapter_config.json`文件和adapter权重,如上例所示。然后,您可以使用`AutoModelFor`类加载PEFT adapter模型。例如,要为因果语言建模加载一个PEFT adapter模型: | |
| 1. 指定PEFT模型id | |
| 2. 将其传递给[`AutoModelForCausalLM`]类 | |
| ```py | |
| from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer | |
| peft_model_id = "ybelkada/opt-350m-lora" | |
| model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(peft_model_id) | |
| ``` | |
| <Tip> | |
| 你可以使用`AutoModelFor`类或基础模型类(如`OPTForCausalLM`或`LlamaForCausalLM`)来加载一个PEFT adapter。 | |
| </Tip> | |
| 您也可以通过`load_adapter`方法来加载 PEFT adapter。 | |
| ```py | |
| from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer | |
| model_id = "facebook/opt-350m" | |
| peft_model_id = "ybelkada/opt-350m-lora" | |
| model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id) | |
| model.load_adapter(peft_model_id) | |
| ``` | |
| ## 基于8bit或4bit进行加载 | |
| `bitsandbytes`集成支持8bit和4bit精度数据类型,这对于加载大模型非常有用,因为它可以节省内存(请参阅`bitsandbytes`[指南](./quantization#bitsandbytes-integration)以了解更多信息)。要有效地将模型分配到您的硬件,请在[`~PreTrainedModel.from_pretrained`]中添加`load_in_8bit`或`load_in_4bit`参数,并将`device_map="auto"`设置为: | |
| ```py | |
| from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer, BitsAndBytesConfig | |
| peft_model_id = "ybelkada/opt-350m-lora" | |
| model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(peft_model_id, quantization_config=BitsAndBytesConfig(load_in_8bit=True)) | |
| ``` | |
| ## 添加新的adapter | |
| 你可以使用[`~peft.PeftModel.add_adapter`]方法为一个已有adapter的模型添加一个新的adapter,只要新adapter的类型与当前adapter相同即可。例如,如果你有一个附加到模型上的LoRA adapter: | |
| ```py | |
| from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, OPTForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer | |
| from peft import PeftConfig | |
| model_id = "facebook/opt-350m" | |
| model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id) | |
| lora_config = LoraConfig( | |
| target_modules=["q_proj", "k_proj"], | |
| init_lora_weights=False | |
| ) | |
| model.add_adapter(lora_config, adapter_name="adapter_1") | |
| ``` | |
| 添加一个新的adapter: | |
| ```py | |
| # attach new adapter with same config | |
| model.add_adapter(lora_config, adapter_name="adapter_2") | |
| ``` | |
| 现在您可以使用[`~peft.PeftModel.set_adapter`]来设置要使用的adapter。 | |
| ```py | |
| # use adapter_1 | |
| model.set_adapter("adapter_1") | |
| output = model.generate(**inputs) | |
| print(tokenizer.decode(output_disabled[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) | |
| # use adapter_2 | |
| model.set_adapter("adapter_2") | |
| output_enabled = model.generate(**inputs) | |
| print(tokenizer.decode(output_enabled[0], skip_special_tokens=True)) | |
| ``` | |
| ## 启用和禁用adapters | |
| 一旦您将adapter添加到模型中,您可以启用或禁用adapter模块。要启用adapter模块: | |
| ```py | |
| from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, OPTForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer | |
| from peft import PeftConfig | |
| model_id = "facebook/opt-350m" | |
| adapter_model_id = "ybelkada/opt-350m-lora" | |
| tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id) | |
| text = "Hello" | |
| inputs = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt") | |
| model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id) | |
| peft_config = PeftConfig.from_pretrained(adapter_model_id) | |
| # to initiate with random weights | |
| peft_config.init_lora_weights = False | |
| model.add_adapter(peft_config) | |
| model.enable_adapters() | |
| output = model.generate(**inputs) | |
| ``` | |
| 要禁用adapter模块: | |
| ```py | |
| model.disable_adapters() | |
| output = model.generate(**inputs) | |
| ``` | |
| ## 训练一个 PEFT adapter | |
| PEFT适配器受[`Trainer`]类支持,因此您可以为您的特定用例训练适配器。它只需要添加几行代码即可。例如,要训练一个LoRA adapter: | |
| <Tip> | |
| 如果你不熟悉如何使用[`Trainer`]微调模型,请查看[微调预训练模型](training)教程。 | |
| </Tip> | |
| 1. 使用任务类型和超参数定义adapter配置(参见[`~peft.LoraConfig`]以了解超参数的详细信息)。 | |
| ```py | |
| from peft import LoraConfig | |
| peft_config = LoraConfig( | |
| lora_alpha=16, | |
| lora_dropout=0.1, | |
| r=64, | |
| bias="none", | |
| task_type="CAUSAL_LM", | |
| ) | |
| ``` | |
| 2. 将adapter添加到模型中。 | |
| ```py | |
| model.add_adapter(peft_config) | |
| ``` | |
| 3. 现在可以将模型传递给[`Trainer`]了! | |
| ```py | |
| trainer = Trainer(model=model, ...) | |
| trainer.train() | |
| ``` | |
| 要保存训练好的adapter并重新加载它: | |
| ```py | |
| model.save_pretrained(save_dir) | |
| model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(save_dir) | |
| ``` | |
| <!-- | |
| TODO: (@younesbelkada @stevhliu) | |
| - Link to PEFT docs for further details | |
| - Trainer | |
| - 8-bit / 4-bit examples ? | |
| --> | |