ISAAC-corpus/isaac-moralization

ISAAC moralization classifier

Binary classifier that decides whether an English text frames its subject in moral terms (judgments of right and wrong, harm, fairness, loyalty, authority, purity), as opposed to describing it non-morally.

This is the document-level moralization labeler used to annotate all 527,060,919 posts in the Illinois Social Attitudes Aggregate Corpus (ISAAC).

Labels: 0 = non-moralized, 1 = moralized.

Usage

import torch
from transformers import AutoModelForSequenceClassification, AutoTokenizer

REPO = "ISAAC-corpus/isaac-moralization"
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(REPO)
model = AutoModelForSequenceClassification.from_pretrained(REPO).eval()

texts = [
    "People who cut in line are selfish and should be ashamed of themselves.",
    "The bus arrives at the corner of 5th and Main every fifteen minutes.",
]
enc = tokenizer(texts, padding=True, truncation=True, max_length=512,
                return_tensors="pt")
with torch.no_grad():
    probs = torch.softmax(model(**enc).logits, dim=1)

for text, prob in zip(texts, probs):
    label = "moralized" if int(prob.argmax()) == 1 else "non-moralized"
    print(f"{label}  (P(moralized)={prob[1]:.3f})  {text}")

No thresholding: the deployed rule is plain argmax.

Training data

The Moral Foundations Reddit Corpus (MFRC; Trager et al., 2022), with its foundation-level annotations reduced to a binary moralized / non-moralized target. Disagreements between MFRC annotators were resolved by majority vote; residual ties were broken toward the moralized label, to maximize sensitivity to moral content.

MFRC was chosen over Twitter-trained alternatives such as MFTC because it samples the same platform as ISAAC, and platform-specific language style and conversational context matter for this construct.

Why binary rather than per-foundation

Two reasons, both deliberate. First, published per-foundation classification performance is highly uneven; applying unevenly performing labels across ISAAC's six social group distinctions would produce corresponding unevenness in downstream construct validity. Second, a binary moralization construct commands broader theoretical agreement than the individual foundations, around which debate continues.

If you need foundation-level labels, this is not the model.

Evaluation

Base model google-bert/bert-base-uncased, fine-tuned on the Moral Foundations Reddit Corpus (MFRC; Trager et al., 2022) reduced to a binary moralized / non-moralized target.

Evaluation slice	k	Metric	Value
Held-out 10% of the Moral Foundations Reddit Corpus (MFRC)	2,682	Precision (moralized)	.733
		Recall (moralized)	.788
		F1 (moralized)	.760
		Accuracy	.755
		Macro F1	.755

The evaluation slice is 49.1% moralized, so accuracy is interpretable against a ~50% baseline.

Binary by design. Per-foundation classification performance in the published literature is highly uneven, and a binary moralization construct commands broader theoretical agreement than the individual foundations. This model therefore does not return moral-foundation labels.

Face validity in the corpus

Applied across ISAAC, the classifier reproduces the expected ordering: highly contested domains moralize more than less contested ones (race 68.1%, ability 72.2%, sexuality 69.5%, versus body weight 60.2%).

Note that 49–74% moralized is far above the 2–5% reported for unselected everyday speech and donated personal social media (Atari et al., 2023). That gap is expected, because ISAAC is pre-filtered for relevance to social distinctions that attract intense normative scrutiny, and a binary operationalization is more inclusive than foundation-specific coding, but it means the base rate here should not be read as a population estimate.

Intended use

Document-level annotation of English social-media text for the presence of moral framing, at scale, in aggregate research designs.

Out-of-scope use

• Not a moral judgment. The model detects that moral language is being used, not whether the position taken is right, and not whether the author is moral.
• Not per-foundation. See above.
• Not for individual-level decisions. Accuracy of .755 on a balanced held-out set is useful for aggregate estimates over hundreds of thousands of posts; it is not adequate for consequential judgments about a single author or a single post.
• Reddit-shaped, English-only. Trained and evaluated on Reddit comments. Performance on other platforms, registers, or languages is unknown.

Limitations and bias

• Moralization is a contested construct with genuine annotator disagreement in the source corpus; the ceiling for any model trained on it is well below 1.0.
• The tie-breaking rule (ties → moralized) means the model is tuned to be sensitive rather than conservative, and will over-call ambiguous cases.
• MFRC samples a limited set of subreddits, so topical coverage of moral language is narrower than ISAAC's.

Links

Try it without code	ISAAC Text Classifiers Space
Pipeline source, keyword lists, pattern sets	GitHub
Corpus download, samples, SQL playground	https://isaac.psychology.illinois.edu/
Data Use Agreement	Data_Use_Agreement.md
Questions about the models or the corpus	isaac.corpus.support@gmail.com

Citation

Please cite the ISAAC paper. One citation covers the whole project: the corpus, the pipeline, and every model. Please do not cite this model repository separately; keeping references in one place is what allows the project's citations to be found together.

@article{hemmatian2026isaac,
  author  = {Hemmatian, Babak and Hadjarab, Sarah and Chen, Jessica and Kurdi, Benedek},
  title   = {The {Illinois} Social Attitudes Aggregate Corpus ({ISAAC}): An Open Tool and Reproducible Pipeline for Analyzing Social Group Discourse at Scale},
  year    = {2026},
  journal = {arXiv},
  eprint  = {2609.27059},
  archivePrefix = {arXiv},
  primaryClass  = {cs.CL},
  doi     = {10.48550/arXiv.2609.27059},
  url     = {https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.27059}
}

License

Released under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. You may use, share, and adapt these weights, including commercially, provided you give appropriate credit; see Citation above.

The ISAAC corpus itself is governed separately by the project Data Use Agreement.