metadata
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:5604
- loss:CosineSimilarityLoss
base_model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
widget:
- source_sentence: what are the powers of the virginia executive branch
sentences:
- >-
The 49ers won five Super Bowl championships between 1981 and 1994. Four
of those came in the 1980s, and were led by Hall of Famers Joe Montana,
Jerry Rice, Ronnie Lott, Steve Young, Charles Haley, Fred Dean, and
coaches Bill Walsh and George Seifert. They have been division champions
22 times between 1970 and 2023, making them one of the most successful
teams in NFL history. The 49ers sit alone in NFL history for most
playoff wins (38), having been in the league playoffs 30 times (29 times
in the NFL and one time in the AAFC), and have also played in the most
NFC Championship games (19), hosting 11 of them, also an NFC record. The
team has set numerous notable NFL records, including most consecutive
away games won (18), most consecutive seasons leading the league in
scoring (4), most consecutive games scored (420 games from 1977 to
2004), most field goals in a season (44), most games won in a season
(18), and most touchdowns (8) and points scored (55) in a Super Bowl.
According to Forbes, the 49ers are the sixth most valuable team in the
NFL, valued at $6.8 billion as of August 2024. In June 2023, the
enterprise branch of the 49ers completed the acquisition of English
soccer club Leeds United and in May 2025, it acquired 51% of Scottish
soccer club Rangers F.C.
- >-
In 2008, Triarc purchased Wendy's, and changed its name to
Wendy's/Arby's Group, to reflect their core businesses. In January 2011,
it was announced that Wendy's/Arby's Group were looking into selling the
Arby's side of the business to focus on the Wendy's brand. It was
officially announced the companies would split on January 21, 2011. In
2009, the Wendy's/Arby's Group signed a franchise deal with the Al
Jammaz Group of Saudi Arabia to open dual-branded Wendy's/Arby's through
the Middle East with the first location opening in Dubai in the United
Arab Emirates in May 2010. The Wendy's/Arby's Group also signed a
similar franchise deal in June 2010 with Tab Gida Sanayi ve Ticaret to
open dual-branded restaurants in Turkey. After the split, the former
Wendy's/Arby's Group became The Wendy's Company.
- >-
Executive: The Chief Executive is responsible for enforcing regional
law, can force reconsideration of legislation, and appoints Executive
Council members and principal officials. Acting with the Executive
Council, the Chief Executive-in-Council can propose new bills, issue
subordinate legislation, and has authority to dissolve the legislature.
In states of emergency or public danger, the Chief Executive-in-Council
is further empowered to enact any regulation necessary to restore public
order. Legislature: The unicameral Legislative Council enacts regional
law, approves budgets, and has the power to impeach a sitting chief
executive. Judiciary: The Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal and lower
courts interpret laws and overturn those inconsistent with the Basic
Law. Judges are appointed by the chief executive on the advice of a
recommendation commission. The chief executive is the head of government
and serves for a maximum of two five-year terms. The State Council (led
by the Premier of China) appoints the chief executive after nomination
by the Election Committee, which is composed of 1500 business,
community, and government leaders.
- source_sentence: how many chromosomes does a human diploid cell have
sentences:
- >-
The Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis in 1559 concluded the war with France,
leaving Spain at a considerable advantage. However, the government was
still mired in debt, and declared bankruptcy that year. Most of the
government's revenues came from taxes and excise duties, not imported
silver and other goods. The Ottoman Empire had long menaced the fringes
of the Habsburg dominions in Austria and northwest Africa. In response
Ferdinand and Isabella had sent expeditions to North Africa, capturing
Melilla in 1497 and Oran in 1509. Charles had preferred to combat the
Ottomans through a considerably more maritime strategy, hampering
Ottoman landings on the Venetian territories in the Eastern
Mediterranean. Only in response to raids on the eastern coast of Spain
did Charles personally lead attacks against holdings in North Africa
(1535). In 1560, the Ottomans battled the Spanish Navy off the coast of
Tunisia, but in 1565 Ottoman troops landing on the strategically vital
island of Malta, defended by the Knights of St. John, were defeated. The
death of Suleiman the Magnificent the following year and his succession
by Selim II emboldened Philip, who resolved to carry the war to the
Ottoman homelands. In 1571, a mixed naval expedition of Spanish,
Venetian, and Papal ships led by Charles' illegitimate son Don John of
Austria annihilated the Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto, in the
largest naval battle fought in European waters since Actium in 31 BC.
The fleet included Miguel de Cervantes, future author of the historic
Spanish novel Don Quixote
- >-
The 1930s were the team's first golden era, when they improved their
game through play with more experienced teams. The Combinado del
Pacífico (a squad composed of Chilean and Peruvian footballers) toured
Europe from 1933 to 1934. Starting with Ciclista Lima in 1926, Peru's
football clubs toured Latin America with much success. During one of
these tours—Alianza Lima's undefeated journey through Chile in
1935—emerged the Rodillo Negro ("Black Roller"), a skillful group led by
forwards Alejandro Villanueva, Teodoro Fernández and goalkeeper Juan
Valdivieso. Sports historian Richard Witzig described these three as "a
soccer triumvirate unsurpassed in the world at that time", citing their
combined innovation and effectiveness at both ends of the field. Peru
and the Rodillo Negro impressed at the 1936 Summer Olympics, won the
inaugural Bolivarian Games in 1938, and finished the decade as South
American champions. Historian David Goldblatt assessed the decline of
its previous success: "despite all the apparent preconditions for
footballing growth and success, Peruvian football disappeared". He
attributes this sudden decline to Peruvian authorities' repression of
"social, sporting and political organisations among the urban and rural
poor" during the 1940s and 1950s. Nevertheless, Peru performed
creditably at the South American Championships, placing third in Brazil
1949 and Chile 1955, and missed qualification for the Sweden 1958 World
Cup finals, over two legs to eventual champions Brazil.
- >-
In 1939, at the start of World War II, Poland was partitioned between
Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union (see Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact).
One-fifth of the Polish population perished during World War II; the
3,000,000 Polish Jews murdered in the Holocaust, who constituted 90% of
Polish Jewry, made up half of all Poles killed during the war. While the
Holocaust occurred largely in German-occupied Poland, it was
orchestrated and perpetrated by the Nazis. Polish attitudes to the
Holocaust varied widely, from actively risking death in order to save
Jewish lives, and passive refusal to inform on them, to indifference,
blackmail, and in extreme cases, committing premeditated murders such as
in the Jedwabne pogrom. Collaboration by non-Jewish Polish citizens in
the Holocaust was sporadic, but incidents of hostility against Jews are
well documented and have been a subject of renewed scholarly interest
during the 21st century.
- source_sentence: what is the difference between ice brent crude and wti crude
sentences:
- '==== Spring and Autumn period (722–476 BC) ===='
- >-
SpaceX has also bought and is modifying several residential properties
in Boca Chica Village, but apparently planning to leave them in
residential use, about 2 miles (3.2 km) west of the launch site. In
September 2019, SpaceX extended an offer to buy each of the houses in
Boca Chica Village for three times the fair market value along with an
offer of VIP invitations to future launch events. The 3x offer was said
to be "non-negotiable." Homeowners were given two weeks for this
particular offer to remain valid. In January 2024, the Texas Parks and
Wildlife Department announced a proposal to transfer 43 acres of Boca
Chica State Park lands to SpaceX, in exchange for 477 new acres to be
added to the Laguna Atascosa National Wildlife Refuge.
- >-
However, exclusive US control of this resource was eventually
challenged, and the Bering Sea Controversy resulted when the United
States seized over 150 sealing ships flying the British flag, based out
of the coast of British Columbia. The conflict between the United States
and Britain was resolved by an arbitration tribunal in 1893. The waters
of the Bering Sea were deemed to be international waters, contrary to
the US contention that they were an internal sea. The US was required to
make a payment to Britain, and both nations were required to follow
regulations developed to preserve the resource.
- source_sentence: why is there a citgo sign in boston
sentences:
- >-
Tucker appeared on Terri Clark's 2012 album Classic in a remake duet of
her first single "Delta Dawn". In June 2017, Tucker was featured in
Rolling Stone as one of the 100 Greatest Country Artists of All Time.
After the death of former flame Glen Campbell on August 8, 2017, Tucker
released her first single since 2009, "Forever Loving You", a song
co-penned by Tennessee State Senator Rusty Crowe. The song's release the
following day, on the eve of Campbell's funeral, drew ire and criticism
being exploitative. Tucker claimed that a portion of the proceeds will
benefit the Alzheimer's Foundation of America, but the foundation stated
it was not involved in the promotion and has not received any funds.
Tucker released While I'm Livin', her first collection of original
material since 2002's Tanya, in 2019 via Fantasy Records. It was
produced by Shooter Jennings and Brandi Carlile, with Carlile brought
onto the project after initially being approached for songs by Jennings
but after having professed such an admiration of Tucker and her work,
Jennings felt it necessary for her to co-produce the record alongside
him. Tucker performed "Bring My Flowers Now" at Loretta Lynn's all-star
87th birthday concert at Nashville's Bridgestone Arena with Carlile
playing piano. The album's first single, "Hard Luck", was released on
June 28, along with its accompanying music video.
- >-
==== Golf ==== Numerous golf courses can be found in the city, with the
most famous being Bay Hill Club and Lodge, home to the Arnold Palmer
Invitational. == Culture ==
- >-
The massive Islamic invasions of the mid-7th century began a long
struggle between Christianity and Islam throughout the Mediterranean
Basin. The Byzantine Empire soon lost the lands of the eastern
patriarchates of Jerusalem, Alexandria and Antioch and was reduced to
that of Constantinople, the empire's capital. As a result of Islamic
domination of the Mediterranean, the Frankish state, centred away from
that sea, was able to evolve as the dominant power that shaped the
Western Europe of the Middle Ages. The battles of Toulouse and Tours
halted the Islamic advance in the West and the failed siege of
Constantinople halted it in the East. Two or three decades later, in
751, the Byzantine Empire lost to the Lombards the city of Ravenna from
which it governed the small fragments of Italy, including Rome, that
acknowledged its sovereignty. The fall of Ravenna meant that
confirmation by a no longer existent exarch was not asked for during the
election in 752 of Pope Stephen II, and that the papacy was forced to
look elsewhere for a civil power to protect it. In 754, at the urgent
request of Pope Stephen, the Frankish king Pepin the Short conquered the
Lombards. He then gifted the lands of the former exarchate to the pope,
initiating the Papal States. In the 860s, Rome and the Byzantine East
were in conflict during the Photian schism, when Photius criticized the
Latin west for adding of the filioque clause, after being excommunicated
by Nicholas I. Though the schism was reconciled, unresolved issues would
lead to further division.
- source_sentence: who organized the native resistance to the british
sentences:
- '=== Engines === == Fifth generation (WL; 2021) =='
- >-
=== Unitarism === All states are unitary states, not federations or
aggregates of local governments. Local governments within them are
created by and exist by virtue of state law, and local governments
within each state are subject to the central authority of that
particular state. State governments commonly delegate some authority to
local units and channel policy decisions down to them for
implementation. In a few states, local units of government are permitted
a degree of home rule over various matters. The prevailing legal theory
of state preeminence over local governments, referred to as Dillon's
Rule, holds that, A municipal corporation possesses and can exercise the
following powers and no others: First, those granted in express words;
second, those necessarily implied or necessarily incident to the powers
expressly granted; third, those absolutely essential to the declared
objects and purposes of the corporation—not simply convenient but
indispensable; fourth, any fair doubt as to the existence of power is
resolved by the courts against the corporation—against the existence of
the powers. Each state defines for itself what powers it will allow
local governments. Generally, four categories of power may be given to
local jurisdictions: Structural – power to choose the form of
government, charter and enact charter revisions, Functional – power to
exercise local self-government in a broad or limited manner, Fiscal –
authority to determine revenue sources, set tax rates, borrow funds and
other related financial activities, Personnel – authority to set
employment rules, remuneration rates, employment conditions and
collective bargaining. == Relationships ==
- >-
Throughout the war, the British deported the Acadians to the Thirteen
Colonies and Europe, which the Acadian militias resisted with assistance
from Mi'kmaq and Malisteet forces. The Great Upheaval continued from
1755 to 1764. In 1756, a large force of French, Canadians, and their
Native American allies led by the Marquis de Montcalm launched an attack
against the key British post at Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario from Fort
Frontenac and forced the garrison to surrender. The following year
Montcalm with a huge force of 7,200 French and Canadian troops and 2,400
Native Americans laid siege to Fort William Henry on the southern shores
of Lake George, and after three weeks of fighting the British commander
Monroe surrendered. Montcalm gave him honorable terms to return to
England and not to fight for 18 months. And yet, when the British force
with civilians was three miles from the fort, the Native American allies
massacred about 1,100 of the 1,500 strong force.
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
library_name: sentence-transformers
SentenceTransformer based on BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
This is a sentence-transformers model finetuned from BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5. It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
Model Details
Model Description
- Model Type: Sentence Transformer
- Base model: BAAI/bge-base-en-v1.5
- Maximum Sequence Length: 512 tokens
- Output Dimensionality: 768 dimensions
- Similarity Function: Cosine Similarity
Model Sources
- Documentation: Sentence Transformers Documentation
- Repository: Sentence Transformers on GitHub
- Hugging Face: Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face
Full Model Architecture
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': True}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
(2): Normalize()
)
Usage
Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
pip install -U sentence-transformers
Then you can load this model and run inference.
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("sentence_transformers_model_id")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'who organized the native resistance to the british',
"Throughout the war, the British deported the Acadians to the Thirteen Colonies and Europe, which the Acadian militias resisted with assistance from Mi'kmaq and Malisteet forces. The Great Upheaval continued from 1755 to 1764. In 1756, a large force of French, Canadians, and their Native American allies led by the Marquis de Montcalm launched an attack against the key British post at Fort Oswego on Lake Ontario from Fort Frontenac and forced the garrison to surrender. The following year Montcalm with a huge force of 7,200 French and Canadian troops and 2,400 Native Americans laid siege to Fort William Henry on the southern shores of Lake George, and after three weeks of fighting the British commander Monroe surrendered. Montcalm gave him honorable terms to return to England and not to fight for 18 months. And yet, when the British force with civilians was three miles from the fort, the Native American allies massacred about 1,100 of the 1,500 strong force.",
"=== Unitarism === All states are unitary states, not federations or aggregates of local governments. Local governments within them are created by and exist by virtue of state law, and local governments within each state are subject to the central authority of that particular state. State governments commonly delegate some authority to local units and channel policy decisions down to them for implementation. In a few states, local units of government are permitted a degree of home rule over various matters. The prevailing legal theory of state preeminence over local governments, referred to as Dillon's Rule, holds that, A municipal corporation possesses and can exercise the following powers and no others: First, those granted in express words; second, those necessarily implied or necessarily incident to the powers expressly granted; third, those absolutely essential to the declared objects and purposes of the corporation—not simply convenient but indispensable; fourth, any fair doubt as to the existence of power is resolved by the courts against the corporation—against the existence of the powers. Each state defines for itself what powers it will allow local governments. Generally, four categories of power may be given to local jurisdictions: Structural – power to choose the form of government, charter and enact charter revisions, Functional – power to exercise local self-government in a broad or limited manner, Fiscal – authority to determine revenue sources, set tax rates, borrow funds and other related financial activities, Personnel – authority to set employment rules, remuneration rates, employment conditions and collective bargaining. == Relationships ==",
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
Training Details
Training Dataset
Unnamed Dataset
- Size: 5,604 training samples
- Columns:
sentence_0,sentence_1, andlabel - Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 label type string string float details - min: 10 tokens
- mean: 11.84 tokens
- max: 25 tokens
- min: 8 tokens
- mean: 218.19 tokens
- max: 322 tokens
- min: 0.0
- mean: 0.37
- max: 1.0
- Samples:
sentence_0 sentence_1 label who played guitar solo on reeling in the yearsEric Patrick Clapton (born 30 March 1945) is an English rock and blues guitarist, singer, and songwriter. He is regarded as one of the most successful and influential guitarists in rock music. Clapton ranked second in Rolling Stone's list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and fourth in Gibson's "Top 50 Guitarists of All Time". He was named number five in Time magazine's list of "The 10 Best Electric Guitar Players" in 2009. After playing in a number of different local bands, Clapton joined the Yardbirds from 1963 to 1965, and John Mayall & the Bluesbreakers from 1965 to 1966. After leaving Mayall, he formed the power trio Cream with drummer Ginger Baker and bassist/vocalist Jack Bruce, in which Clapton played sustained blues improvisations and "arty, blues-based psychedelic pop". After four successful albums, Cream broke up in November 1968. Clapton then formed the blues rock band Blind Faith with Baker, Steve Winwood, and Ric Grech, recording one album and performing on one...1.0how a population of wolves may have undergone speciation to form the first population of dogsGeological evidence suggests that approximately 3 million years ago, South America became connected to North America when the Bolivar Trough marine barrier disappeared and the Panamanian land bridge formed. The joining of these two land masses led to the Great American Interchange, in which biota from both continents expanded their ranges. The first species known to have made the northward migration was Pliometanastes, a fossil ground sloth roughly the size of a modern black bear. Migrations to the Southern Hemisphere were undertaken by several North American mammalian carnivores. Fewer species migrated in the opposite direction from south to north. The result of the expansion of a North American fauna was a mass extinction in which hundreds of species disappeared in a relatively short time. About 60% of present-day South American mammals have evolved from North American species. Some South American species were able to adapt and spread into North America. Apart from Pliometanastes, du...1.0who is credited with promoting the use of factor analysis and whyThe enemies of President Davis proposed that the Confederacy "died of Davis". He was unfavorably compared to George Washington by critics such as Edward Alfred Pollard, editor of the most influential newspaper in the Confederacy, the Daily Richmond Examiner. Beyond the early honeymoon period, Davis was never popular. Ellis Merton Coulter, viewed by historians as a Confederate apologist, argues that Davis was unable to mobilize Confederate nationalism in support of his government effectively, and especially failed to appeal to the small farmers who made up the bulk of the population. Davis failed to build a network of supporters who would speak up when he came under criticism, and he repeatedly alienated governors and other state-based leaders by demanding centralized control of the war effort.0.0 - Loss:
CosineSimilarityLosswith these parameters:{ "loss_fct": "torch.nn.modules.loss.MSELoss" }
Training Hyperparameters
Non-Default Hyperparameters
per_device_train_batch_size: 16per_device_eval_batch_size: 16multi_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin
All Hyperparameters
Click to expand
overwrite_output_dir: Falsedo_predict: Falseeval_strategy: noprediction_loss_only: Trueper_device_train_batch_size: 16per_device_eval_batch_size: 16per_gpu_train_batch_size: Noneper_gpu_eval_batch_size: Nonegradient_accumulation_steps: 1eval_accumulation_steps: Nonetorch_empty_cache_steps: Nonelearning_rate: 5e-05weight_decay: 0.0adam_beta1: 0.9adam_beta2: 0.999adam_epsilon: 1e-08max_grad_norm: 1num_train_epochs: 3max_steps: -1lr_scheduler_type: linearlr_scheduler_kwargs: {}warmup_ratio: 0.0warmup_steps: 0log_level: passivelog_level_replica: warninglog_on_each_node: Truelogging_nan_inf_filter: Truesave_safetensors: Truesave_on_each_node: Falsesave_only_model: Falserestore_callback_states_from_checkpoint: Falseno_cuda: Falseuse_cpu: Falseuse_mps_device: Falseseed: 42data_seed: Nonejit_mode_eval: Falseuse_ipex: Falsebf16: Falsefp16: Falsefp16_opt_level: O1half_precision_backend: autobf16_full_eval: Falsefp16_full_eval: Falsetf32: Nonelocal_rank: 0ddp_backend: Nonetpu_num_cores: Nonetpu_metrics_debug: Falsedebug: []dataloader_drop_last: Falsedataloader_num_workers: 0dataloader_prefetch_factor: Nonepast_index: -1disable_tqdm: Falseremove_unused_columns: Truelabel_names: Noneload_best_model_at_end: Falseignore_data_skip: Falsefsdp: []fsdp_min_num_params: 0fsdp_config: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap: Noneaccelerator_config: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}deepspeed: Nonelabel_smoothing_factor: 0.0optim: adamw_torchoptim_args: Noneadafactor: Falsegroup_by_length: Falselength_column_name: lengthddp_find_unused_parameters: Noneddp_bucket_cap_mb: Noneddp_broadcast_buffers: Falsedataloader_pin_memory: Truedataloader_persistent_workers: Falseskip_memory_metrics: Trueuse_legacy_prediction_loop: Falsepush_to_hub: Falseresume_from_checkpoint: Nonehub_model_id: Nonehub_strategy: every_savehub_private_repo: Nonehub_always_push: Falsegradient_checkpointing: Falsegradient_checkpointing_kwargs: Noneinclude_inputs_for_metrics: Falseinclude_for_metrics: []eval_do_concat_batches: Truefp16_backend: autopush_to_hub_model_id: Nonepush_to_hub_organization: Nonemp_parameters:auto_find_batch_size: Falsefull_determinism: Falsetorchdynamo: Noneray_scope: lastddp_timeout: 1800torch_compile: Falsetorch_compile_backend: Nonetorch_compile_mode: Noneinclude_tokens_per_second: Falseinclude_num_input_tokens_seen: Falseneftune_noise_alpha: Noneoptim_target_modules: Nonebatch_eval_metrics: Falseeval_on_start: Falseuse_liger_kernel: Falseeval_use_gather_object: Falseaverage_tokens_across_devices: Falseprompts: Nonebatch_sampler: batch_samplermulti_dataset_batch_sampler: round_robin
Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss |
|---|---|---|
| 1.4245 | 500 | 0.1336 |
| 2.8490 | 1000 | 0.0787 |
Framework Versions
- Python: 3.12.3
- Sentence Transformers: 4.1.0
- Transformers: 4.52.4
- PyTorch: 2.7.0+cu128
- Accelerate: 1.7.0
- Datasets: 3.6.0
- Tokenizers: 0.21.1
Citation
BibTeX
Sentence Transformers
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}